feat: full e2e pipeline

[yliang412]

Problem

With the initial representation and storage added in #4 and #22, we now want to support the full pipeline going from parsing SQL, optimizing the plan using optd, and executing the query in Datafusion.

Summary of changes

• Integrate all @SarveshOO7's good work in WIP Built some initial e2e datafusion infrastructure #10
• Added one mock physical implementation rule + operator for each logical operator
• Refactor scalar operator storage and reduce code bloat.
• Add physical storage tables and memo API.
• Bump MSRV to 1.81.0 to be compatible with datafusion 45.0.0: Increase MSRV to 1.81.0 apache/datafusion#14330

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 50.49505% with 600 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 71.3%. Comparing base (44d26e2) to head (9ce428c).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
optd-datafusion/src/converter/from_optd.rs	0.0%	148 Missing ⚠️
optd-datafusion/src/converter/into_optd.rs	0.0%	126 Missing ⚠️
optd-core/src/cascades/mod.rs	74.5%	98 Missing ⚠️
optd-datafusion/src/lib.rs	0.0%	79 Missing ⚠️
optd-datafusion/src/planner.rs	0.0%	74 Missing ⚠️
optd-core/src/storage/memo.rs	92.0%	16 Missing ⚠️
optd-core/src/values/mod.rs	0.0%	15 Missing ⚠️
optd-core/src/operators/relational/physical/mod.rs	0.0%	8 Missing ⚠️
optd-core/src/operators/scalar/constants.rs	0.0%	8 Missing ⚠️
optd-core/src/operators/scalar/mod.rs	73.0%	7 Missing ⚠️
... and 5 more

Additional details and impacted files

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...c/operators/relational/physical/scan/table_scan.rs	50.0% <ø> (+50.0%)	⬆️
optd-core/src/operators/scalar/binary_op.rs	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
optd-core/src/operators/scalar/logic_op.rs	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
optd-core/src/operators/scalar/unary_op.rs	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
optd-core/src/test_utils.rs	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
...src/operators/relational/physical/filter/filter.rs	33.3% <0.0%> (+33.3%)	⬆️
optd-core/src/operators/relational/logical/mod.rs	78.4% <77.7%> (-0.2%)	⬇️
...d-core/src/operators/relational/logical/project.rs	33.3% <33.3%> (ø)
...-core/src/operators/relational/physical/project.rs	33.3% <33.3%> (ø)
optd-datafusion/src/converter/mod.rs	0.0% <0.0%> (ø)
... and 10 more

... and 5 files with indirect coverage changes