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clarify serverExternalPackages warning#2417

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TooTallNate merged 1 commit into
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clarify-server-external-warning
Jun 15, 2026
Merged

clarify serverExternalPackages warning#2417
TooTallNate merged 1 commit into
mainfrom
clarify-server-external-warning

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@TooTallNate

@TooTallNate TooTallNate commented Jun 15, 2026 •
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Summary

  • Clarifies that packages removed from serverExternalPackages are still compiled by Workflow during the build.
  • Updates the Next integration test and v4/v5 docs copy to match the warning.
  • Adds a patch changeset for @workflow/next.

Testing

  • pnpm vitest run packages/next/src/index.test.ts
  • pnpm biome check \"packages/next/src/index.ts\" \"packages/next/src/index.test.ts\" \"docs/content/docs/v5/api-reference/workflow-next/with-workflow.mdx\" \"docs/content/docs/v4/api-reference/workflow-next/with-workflow.mdx\" \".changeset/clear-server-external-warning.md\" (reports pre-existing cognitive-complexity warning in packages/next/src/index.ts)

Docs Preview

Page v4 v5
withWorkflow API reference https://workflow-docs-git-clarify-server-external-warning.vercel.sh/docs/api-reference/workflow-next/with-workflow https://workflow-docs-git-clarify-server-external-warning.vercel.sh/v5/docs/api-reference/workflow-next/with-workflow

@TooTallNate TooTallNate requested review from a team and ijjk as code owners June 15, 2026 00:58
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6050136

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
Name Type
@workflow/next Patch
workflow Patch
@workflow/world-testing Patch
@workflow/core Patch
@workflow/builders Patch
@workflow/cli Patch
@workflow/nitro Patch
@workflow/vitest Patch
@workflow/web-shared Patch
@workflow/web Patch
@workflow/astro Patch
@workflow/nest Patch
@workflow/rollup Patch
@workflow/sveltekit Patch
@workflow/vite Patch
@workflow/nuxt Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project Deployment Actions Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack Ready Ready Preview, Comment Jun 15, 2026 1:02am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack Ready Ready Preview, Comment Jun 15, 2026 1:02am
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🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production 1442 0 219 1661
✅ 💻 Local Development 1895 0 219 2114
✅ 📦 Local Production 1895 0 219 2114
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres 1881 0 233 2114
✅ 🪟 Windows 151 0 0 151
✅ 📋 Other 879 0 178 1057
Total 8143 0 1068 9211

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 125 0 26
✅ example 125 0 26
✅ express 125 0 26
✅ fastify 125 0 26
✅ hono 125 0 26
✅ nextjs-turbopack 149 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 149 0 2
✅ nitro 125 0 26
✅ nuxt 125 0 26
✅ sveltekit 144 0 7
✅ vite 125 0 26
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 126 0 25
✅ express-stable 126 0 25
✅ fastify-stable 126 0 25
✅ hono-stable 126 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 132 0 19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 151 0 0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 151 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 132 0 19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 151 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 151 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 126 0 25
✅ nuxt-stable 126 0 25
✅ sveltekit-stable 145 0 6
✅ vite-stable 126 0 25
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 126 0 25
✅ express-stable 126 0 25
✅ fastify-stable 126 0 25
✅ hono-stable 126 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 132 0 19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 151 0 0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 151 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 132 0 19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 151 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 151 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 126 0 25
✅ nuxt-stable 126 0 25
✅ sveltekit-stable 145 0 6
✅ vite-stable 126 0 25
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 125 0 26
✅ express-stable 125 0 26
✅ fastify-stable 125 0 26
✅ hono-stable 125 0 26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 131 0 20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 150 0 1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 150 0 1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 131 0 20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 150 0 1
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 150 0 1
✅ nitro-stable 125 0 26
✅ nuxt-stable 125 0 26
✅ sveltekit-stable 144 0 7
✅ vite-stable 125 0 26
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 151 0 0
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 126 0 25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start- 126 0 25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 125 0 26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start- 125 0 26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 126 0 25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- 126 0 25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start 125 0 26

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.045s (+4.7%) 1.007s (~) 0.962s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.045s (-6.5% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.962s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.061s (-5.6% 🟢) 1.012s (~) 0.952s 10 1.36x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.062s (+0.8%) 1.006s (~) 0.944s 10 1.39x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.068s (+12.7% 🔺) 1.012s (~) 0.944s 10 1.53x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.069s (+3.0%) 1.013s (~) 0.944s 10 1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 0.329s (+2.7%) 2.560s (+11.8% 🔺) 2.231s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 0.340s (-15.4% 🟢) 3.005s (+17.9% 🔺) 2.665s 10 1.03x
▲ Vercel Nitro 0.372s (+41.6% 🔺) 2.713s (+15.1% 🔺) 2.341s 10 1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 1.098s (~) 2.006s (~) 0.908s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 1.098s (~) 2.006s (~) 0.908s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.113s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.897s 10 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.119s (+1.1%) 2.020s (~) 0.901s 10 1.02x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.145s (~) 2.007s (~) 0.862s 10 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.145s (-0.9%) 2.009s (~) 0.864s 10 1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 1.796s (+7.4% 🔺) 3.397s (-7.5% 🟢) 1.601s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 1.806s (+9.6% 🔺) 3.871s (+1.0%) 2.065s 10 1.01x
▲ Vercel Nitro 1.864s (+13.8% 🔺) 3.898s (+2.6%) 2.034s 10 1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 10.533s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.489s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 10.568s (~) 11.018s (~) 0.450s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 10.570s (~) 11.017s (~) 0.447s 3 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 10.599s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.424s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 10.808s (~) 11.024s (~) 0.216s 3 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 10.850s (-0.9%) 11.015s (-3.0%) 0.166s 3 1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 14.670s (-40.8% 🟢) 16.196s (-38.0% 🟢) 1.526s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 14.974s (-2.1%) 18.833s (+8.4% 🔺) 3.859s 2 1.02x
▲ Vercel Express 15.570s (+10.1% 🔺) 17.054s (+9.6% 🔺) 1.484s 2 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 13.737s (~) 14.027s (~) 0.289s 5 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 13.769s (-0.8%) 14.016s (-1.4%) 0.247s 5 1.00x
💻 Local Express 13.780s (~) 14.027s (~) 0.246s 5 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 13.808s (~) 14.021s (~) 0.213s 5 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 14.421s (-0.7%) 15.029s (~) 0.608s 4 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 14.573s (-1.3%) 15.021s (-1.6%) 0.448s 4 1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 23.632s (+4.9%) 25.236s (+3.4%) 1.604s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 23.931s (+14.7% 🔺) 26.736s (+17.5% 🔺) 2.805s 3 1.01x
▲ Vercel Nitro 24.349s (+15.5% 🔺) 26.524s (+15.5% 🔺) 2.175s 3 1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 12.506s (~) 13.024s (~) 0.517s 7 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 12.604s (~) 13.024s (~) 0.420s 7 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Express 12.648s (+1.5%) 13.018s (~) 0.370s 7 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 12.691s (+1.4%) 13.162s (+1.1%) 0.471s 7 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 13.812s (+1.5%) 14.026s (~) 0.214s 7 1.10x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 13.834s (~) 14.163s (-1.0%) 0.329s 7 1.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 33.027s (+8.6% 🔺) 35.760s (+9.9% 🔺) 2.733s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 34.609s (-9.3% 🟢) 36.550s (-7.6% 🟢) 1.941s 3 1.05x
▲ Vercel Nitro 34.625s (+15.3% 🔺) 36.632s (+13.4% 🔺) 2.007s 3 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.190s (-3.4%) 2.005s (~) 0.816s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.192s (-1.2%) 2.007s (~) 0.815s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.207s (~) 2.008s (~) 0.801s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 1.273s (+7.0% 🔺) 2.007s (~) 0.734s 15 1.07x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.292s (+1.5%) 2.008s (~) 0.716s 15 1.09x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.335s (+1.9%) 2.006s (~) 0.671s 15 1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.225s (-29.3% 🟢) 5.230s (-13.0% 🟢) 2.005s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.369s (+38.4% 🔺) 5.200s (+28.6% 🔺) 1.831s 6 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.437s (+29.3% 🔺) 5.186s (+18.4% 🔺) 1.749s 6 1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.336s (-3.5%) 2.392s (~) 1.057s 13 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.379s (+1.5%) 2.316s (-3.2%) 0.937s 13 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.606s (+2.1%) 2.317s (+1.0%) 0.711s 13 1.20x
💻 Local Express 1.617s (~) 2.006s (~) 0.389s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.928s (+8.9% 🔺) 2.393s (+19.3% 🔺) 0.465s 13 1.44x
💻 Local Nitro 1.936s (-1.3%) 2.293s (-1.0%) 0.357s 14 1.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.732s (-24.1% 🟢) 4.432s (-12.9% 🟢) 1.700s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.287s (-8.7% 🟢) 5.337s (-2.0%) 2.051s 6 1.20x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.101s (+32.0% 🔺) 7.151s (+38.0% 🔺) 3.049s 6 1.50x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.645s (+3.9%) 4.014s (~) 2.369s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.658s (+3.0%) 3.886s (-6.3% 🟢) 2.228s 8 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.205s (-2.1%) 4.302s (+7.1% 🔺) 1.097s 7 1.95x
💻 Local Express 4.122s (-2.7%) 4.585s (-2.9%) 0.463s 7 2.51x
💻 Local Nitro 5.593s (+1.7%) 6.180s (+2.8%) 0.587s 6 3.40x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 5.862s (+21.0% 🔺) 6.213s (+16.2% 🔺) 0.352s 5 3.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 4.237s (-6.7% 🟢) 6.774s (+7.6% 🔺) 2.537s 5 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 4.311s (+2.5%) 6.210s (+2.5%) 1.899s 6 1.02x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.411s (-15.1% 🟢) 7.834s (+12.0% 🔺) 3.423s 5 1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.210s (-0.5%) 2.007s (~) 0.796s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.215s (+1.3%) 2.007s (~) 0.792s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.280s (~) 2.008s (~) 0.728s 15 1.06x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.353s (-2.1%) 2.007s (~) 0.654s 15 1.12x
💻 Local Express 1.495s (-1.1%) 2.006s (~) 0.511s 15 1.23x
💻 Local Nitro 1.559s (-5.9% 🟢) 2.007s (~) 0.448s 15 1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.489s (-15.4% 🟢) 4.965s (+2.1%) 2.477s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.565s (-26.1% 🟢) 4.399s (-13.3% 🟢) 1.834s 7 1.03x
▲ Vercel Express 2.756s (+13.9% 🔺) 4.711s (+13.4% 🔺) 1.955s 7 1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.375s (+1.7%) 2.393s (-7.7% 🟢) 1.017s 13 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.407s (~) 2.592s (+11.9% 🔺) 1.185s 12 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.519s (-6.3% 🟢) 2.075s (-9.6% 🟢) 0.556s 15 1.10x
💻 Local Express 1.689s (-3.3%) 2.005s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.317s 15 1.23x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.970s (-4.9%) 2.508s (-11.2% 🟢) 0.538s 12 1.43x
💻 Local Nitro 2.299s (+7.7% 🔺) 2.758s (+6.4% 🔺) 0.459s 12 1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.828s (-6.3% 🟢) 4.349s (-2.4%) 1.521s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.895s (+10.2% 🔺) 4.779s (+18.0% 🔺) 1.884s 7 1.02x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.274s (+24.8% 🔺) 5.584s (+29.6% 🔺) 2.310s 6 1.16x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.601s (-0.7%) 4.012s (+6.7% 🔺) 2.411s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.729s (+10.1% 🔺) 4.140s (+3.2%) 2.411s 8 1.08x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.486s (+27.5% 🔺) 4.390s (+27.0% 🔺) 0.905s 8 2.18x
💻 Local Express 4.793s (+2.3%) 5.178s (~) 0.384s 6 2.99x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 5.364s (+9.1% 🔺) 6.216s (+19.9% 🔺) 0.852s 5 3.35x
💻 Local Nitro 5.910s (+1.0%) 6.415s (~) 0.505s 5 3.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.992s (+15.5% 🔺) 7.155s (+40.0% 🔺) 3.163s 5 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 4.474s (~) 6.723s (+11.6% 🔺) 2.249s 5 1.12x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.596s (+30.1% 🔺) 6.637s (+22.2% 🔺) 2.041s 5 1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.556s (-3.2%) 1.006s (-1.7%) 0.450s 60 1.00x
💻 Local Express 0.613s (-1.9%) 1.005s (-1.6%) 0.392s 60 1.10x
💻 Local Nitro 0.618s (-1.6%) 1.005s (~) 0.388s 60 1.11x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.647s (+14.9% 🔺) 1.059s (+5.2% 🔺) 0.412s 57 1.16x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.850s (~) 1.023s (-3.4%) 0.173s 59 1.53x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.889s (+1.0%) 1.076s (+3.6%) 0.188s 56 1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 5.955s (-2.8%) 8.021s (+2.9%) 2.066s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 6.041s (+9.5% 🔺) 8.582s (+18.3% 🔺) 2.541s 8 1.01x
▲ Vercel Nitro 6.234s (+21.8% 🔺) 7.655s (+12.1% 🔺) 1.421s 8 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.358s (~) 2.030s (+1.1%) 0.672s 45 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.400s (+3.3%) 2.030s (~) 0.630s 45 1.03x
💻 Local Express 1.486s (-0.6%) 2.006s (~) 0.520s 45 1.09x
💻 Local Nitro 1.581s (+1.4%) 2.007s (~) 0.426s 45 1.16x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.990s (~) 2.316s (-3.6%) 0.326s 39 1.47x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.158s (~) 3.009s (+1.1%) 0.851s 30 1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 14.757s (+1.4%) 17.581s (+7.0% 🔺) 2.824s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 15.587s (-5.2% 🟢) 17.707s (-4.4%) 2.120s 6 1.06x
▲ Vercel Express 15.602s (+2.0%) 18.032s (+4.3%) 2.430s 5 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 2.701s (~) 3.086s (~) 0.385s 39 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.806s (+3.1%) 3.137s (+0.8%) 0.331s 39 1.04x
💻 Local Express 3.284s (+3.0%) 4.042s (+1.7%) 0.758s 30 1.22x
💻 Local Nitro 3.344s (-0.9%) 4.010s (~) 0.665s 30 1.24x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 4.024s (+4.3%) 4.494s (+11.1% 🔺) 0.470s 27 1.49x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 4.522s (+4.9%) 5.094s (+1.7%) 0.572s 24 1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 28.734s (+8.0% 🔺) 31.355s (+9.9% 🔺) 2.621s 4 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 29.983s (+11.1% 🔺) 34.203s (+18.2% 🔺) 4.220s 4 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 31.404s (+5.4% 🔺) 34.641s (+8.4% 🔺) 3.237s 4 1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.235s (-2.8%) 1.006s (~) 0.771s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.249s (+2.5%) 1.006s (~) 0.756s 60 1.06x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.305s (+3.3%) 1.006s (~) 0.702s 60 1.29x
💻 Local Nitro 0.435s (+4.7%) 1.005s (~) 0.570s 60 1.85x
💻 Local Express 0.467s (+17.6% 🔺) 1.004s (~) 0.537s 60 1.99x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.574s (-3.2%) 1.005s (-3.3%) 0.432s 60 2.44x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 1.956s (+4.3%) 4.440s (+21.9% 🔺) 2.484s 14 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.220s (+9.3% 🔺) 4.167s (+6.5% 🔺) 1.947s 15 1.14x
▲ Vercel Express 2.313s (+12.9% 🔺) 4.452s (+16.8% 🔺) 2.139s 14 1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.399s (-1.0%) 1.053s (+3.5%) 0.653s 86 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.426s (+6.8% 🔺) 1.117s (+9.8% 🔺) 0.691s 81 1.07x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.605s (-9.0% 🟢) 1.132s (-9.7% 🟢) 0.527s 80 1.51x
💻 Local Express 2.032s (-0.9%) 2.536s (-2.8%) 0.504s 36 5.09x
💻 Local Nitro 2.193s (~) 2.912s (+2.1%) 0.720s 31 5.49x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.508s (+8.4% 🔺) 3.260s (+3.6%) 0.752s 28 6.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.200s (+23.0% 🔺) 5.184s (+25.6% 🔺) 1.984s 18 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.240s (+13.5% 🔺) 6.020s (+20.7% 🔺) 2.780s 15 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.298s (+30.9% 🔺) 6.429s (+21.4% 🔺) 2.131s 14 1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.760s (-3.2%) 1.294s (-8.2% 🟢) 0.534s 94 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.835s (+10.1% 🔺) 1.465s (+4.5%) 0.630s 83 1.10x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.897s (-7.0% 🟢) 3.885s (-3.2%) 0.988s 31 3.81x
💻 Local Express 8.683s (-2.3%) 9.256s (-2.4%) 0.573s 13 11.43x
💻 Local Nitro 9.976s (+0.6%) 10.446s (~) 0.469s 12 13.13x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 11.037s (+5.1% 🔺) 11.846s (+4.0%) 0.809s 11 14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 5.481s (-10.9% 🟢) 8.136s (+3.1%) 2.655s 15 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 5.676s (-27.7% 🟢) 7.848s (-17.4% 🟢) 2.172s 16 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 7.000s (-23.8% 🟢) 9.535s (-15.8% 🟢) 2.535s 13 1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.152s (~) 2.004s (~) 0.009s (-6.1% 🟢) 2.016s (~) 0.864s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.162s (~) 2.001s (~) 0.001s (+44.4% 🔺) 2.010s (~) 0.848s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 1.170s (~) 2.005s (~) 0.012s (-2.4%) 2.020s (~) 0.850s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.204s (+2.9%) 1.996s (~) 0.001s (+20.0% 🔺) 2.010s (~) 0.806s 10 1.05x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.215s (~) 2.003s (~) 0.013s (+21.9% 🔺) 2.020s (~) 0.805s 10 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.231s (~) 2.002s (~) 0.001s (-15.4% 🟢) 2.011s (~) 0.780s 10 1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.478s (+9.3% 🔺) 4.005s (+10.2% 🔺) 0.905s (+0.5%) 5.424s (+7.1% 🔺) 2.947s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.572s (+13.9% 🔺) 4.139s (+19.0% 🔺) 0.887s (-14.3% 🟢) 5.419s (+9.7% 🔺) 2.847s 10 1.04x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.943s (+22.4% 🔺) 4.690s (+33.5% 🔺) 0.715s (-46.7% 🟢) 5.914s (+11.4% 🔺) 2.972s 10 1.19x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.568s (-0.9%) 2.006s (~) 0.005s (-1.3%) 2.026s (~) 0.458s 30 1.00x
💻 Local Express 1.570s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.011s (-5.8% 🟢) 2.024s (~) 0.454s 30 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.597s (+1.8%) 2.004s (~) 0.005s (-7.6% 🟢) 2.025s (~) 0.428s 30 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 1.599s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.013s (+8.6% 🔺) 2.026s (~) 0.427s 30 1.02x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.737s (+0.7%) 2.010s (~) 0.012s (+6.9% 🔺) 2.025s (~) 0.288s 30 1.11x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.796s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.006s (+1.8%) 2.028s (~) 0.232s 30 1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 6.421s (-19.1% 🟢) 7.859s (-16.0% 🟢) 0.212s (-38.8% 🟢) 8.659s (-16.3% 🟢) 2.238s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 6.875s (+14.2% 🔺) 9.538s (+30.5% 🔺) 0.320s (+19.8% 🔺) 10.435s (+27.7% 🔺) 3.560s 6 1.07x
▲ Vercel Express 6.917s (+9.3% 🔺) 9.325s (+24.8% 🔺) 0.463s (-13.4% 🟢) 10.208s (+20.1% 🔺) 3.292s 6 1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.774s (+1.0%) 1.028s (-2.1%) 0.000s (-50.0% 🟢) 1.053s (-0.6%) 0.279s 57 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.786s (+5.6% 🔺) 1.048s (~) 0.000s (+1.8%) 1.086s (+1.7%) 0.300s 56 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.023s (-2.2%) 1.488s (-2.4%) 0.000s (NaN%) 1.496s (-2.5%) 0.472s 41 1.32x
💻 Local Express 1.396s (+0.8%) 2.013s (~) 0.000s (+14.3% 🔺) 2.015s (~) 0.619s 30 1.80x
💻 Local Nitro 1.442s (+1.5%) 2.013s (~) 0.000s (-35.7% 🟢) 2.016s (~) 0.574s 30 1.86x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.517s (+5.0%) 2.013s (~) 0.001s (+216.7% 🔺) 2.016s (~) 0.500s 30 1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.971s (-3.0%) 4.474s (+6.8% 🔺) 0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺) 4.902s (+5.9% 🔺) 1.930s 13 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.246s (-1.8%) 5.194s (+6.7% 🔺) 0.001s (+1645.5% 🔺) 5.771s (+7.3% 🔺) 2.525s 11 1.09x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.319s (-23.3% 🟢) 5.590s (-3.6%) 0.000s (NaN%) 6.133s (-2.9%) 2.813s 10 1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.553s (-5.9% 🟢) 2.138s (~) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 2.180s (-0.6%) 0.628s 28 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.743s (+1.0%) 2.218s (-1.6%) 0.000s (NaN%) 2.231s (-1.6%) 0.488s 27 1.12x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.174s (~) 2.655s (+1.6%) 0.000s (~) 2.663s (+1.3%) 0.489s 23 1.40x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.735s (-6.5% 🟢) 3.288s (-7.5% 🟢) 0.000s (-86.2% 🟢) 3.291s (-7.5% 🟢) 0.557s 19 1.76x
💻 Local Express 3.055s (~) 3.837s (+2.9%) 0.001s (+19.5% 🔺) 3.841s (+2.9%) 0.786s 16 1.97x
💻 Local Nitro 3.269s (+3.4%) 3.966s (+3.3%) 0.001s (-9.1% 🟢) 3.969s (+3.2%) 0.699s 16 2.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 4.552s (-30.9% 🟢) 6.984s (-16.1% 🟢) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 7.592s (-14.3% 🟢) 3.040s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 4.724s (-14.1% 🟢) 6.662s (-6.0% 🟢) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 7.255s (-4.2%) 2.531s 9 1.04x
▲ Vercel Express 4.928s (-23.9% 🟢) 6.619s (-13.6% 🟢) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 7.018s (-14.5% 🟢) 2.090s 9 1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Express 16/21
🐘 Postgres Nitro 15/21
▲ Vercel Express 10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 🐘 Postgres 12/21
Next.js (Turbopack) 🐘 Postgres 14/21
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 16/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

@TooTallNate TooTallNate enabled auto-merge (squash) June 15, 2026 01:01
@TooTallNate TooTallNate merged commit 1946718 into main Jun 15, 2026
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@TooTallNate TooTallNate deleted the clarify-server-external-warning branch June 15, 2026 16:25
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github-actions Bot added a commit that referenced this pull request Jun 15, 2026
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[next] Clarify serverExternalPackages warning (#2417)
bb88be9 
Signed-off-by: Nathan Rajlich <n@n8.io>
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github-actions Bot commented Jun 15, 2026

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2431. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

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