Purpose

The purpose of the repository is to compare build time and performances of Kotlin on various platforms:

• Kotlin/JVM
• Kotlin/Native
• Kotlin/JVM compiled to native using GraalVM native image compiler
• Kotlin/Wasm

It is based on simple program generating pairs of twin primes from https://discuss.kotlinlang.org/t/why-is-kotlin-native-much-slower-than-jvm/10226/10.

Data points

Platform	Build time	Execution time	Artifact size	Peak RSS
Kotlin/JVM	3.6s	1m13s	1.9 MB + JDK	398 MB
GraalVM CE native	15.9s	1m40s	12.4 MB	60 MB
GraalVM EE native	16.5s	1m33s	6.8 MB	59 MB
Kotlin/Native	9s	1m37s	0.57 MB	4 MB
Kotlin/Wasm preview	5s	2m49s	0.18 MB + Node	120 MB

Environment

• Linux 5.15.85-1-lts x86_64
• AMD Ryzen 9 5900X 12-Core Processor 32 GB RAM
• Kotlin 1.8.0
• Java 17.0.5 (Liberica JDK)
• GraalVM 22.3 Java 17

Getting started

Notice I was not able to use a single Gradle multiplatform build due to a conflict between Kotlin/Native and Native Build Tools plugins.

Kotlin/JVM

Compile

./mvnw clean package

Run

java -jar target/prime-multiplatform-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar

Kotlin/JVM with GraalVM native image

Compile

./mvnw clean native:compile

Run

target/prime-multiplatform 

Kotlin/Native

Compile

./gradlew clean linkReleaseExecutableNative

Run

build/bin/native/releaseExecutable/prime-multiplatform.kexe

Kotlin/Wasm

Compile

./gradlew clean compileProductionExecutableKotlinWasm

Run

./gradlew wasmNodeProductionRun