git init .: Initialize a new Git repository in the current directory.
git add <file>: Add a file or changes to the staging area.git commit -m "<message>": Commit staged changes to the repository with a descriptive message.git status: Show the status of modified files in the working directory.git diff: Show changes between the working directory and the staging area.
git branch: List all branches in the repository.git branch <branch-name>: Create a new branch.git checkout <branch-name>: Switch to an existing branch.git merge <branch-name>: Merge changes from one branch into the current branch.git stash: Stash changes in a dirty working directory for later use.
git remote add <name> <url>: Add a remote repository.git push <remote> <branch>: Push changes to a remote repository.git pull <remote> <branch>: Fetch and merge changes from a remote repository.git clone <url>: Clone a remote repository to a local machine.
git log: Show commit history.git show <commit>: Show details of a specific commit.git blame <file>: Show who modified each line of a file.
git revert <commit>: Create a new commit that undoes the changes made in a specific commit.git reset: Reset the staging area and working directory to a previous commit.git checkout -- <file>: Discard changes made to a file in the working directory.
git init .: Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory. Example:$ git init . # Initialized empty Git repository in /path/to/repository/.git/
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git add <file>: Adds a file or changes to the staging area. Example:$ git add myfile.txt # To add files in current directory $ git add .
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git commit -m "<message>": Commits staged changes to the repository with a descriptive message. Example:$ git commit -m "Added new feature" # [master abcdef1] Added new feature # 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
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git status: Shows the status of modified files in the working directory.Example:
$ git status # On branch master # Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. # # Changes not staged for commit: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # modified: myfile.txt # no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
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git diff: Shows changes between the working directory and the staging area.Example:
$ git diff myfile.txt # diff --git a/myfile.txt b/myfile.txt # index 1234567..abcdefg 100644 # --- a/myfile.txt # +++ b/myfile.txt # @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ # Hello, world! # +This is a new line. # Another line. # Goodbye!
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git branch: Lists all branches in the repository.Example:
$ git branch # * master # feature/branch1 # feature/branch2
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git branch <branch-name>: Creates a new branch. Example:$ git branch feature/new-feature
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git checkout <branch-name>: Switches to an existing branch.Example:
$ git checkout development # Switched to branch 'development' $ git checkout main # Switched to branch 'main'
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git checkout -b <branch-name>: Create a new branch from current branch and Switch to the new branch.Example:
$ git checkout -b bug/fix-email-validation # Switched to a new branch 'bug/fix-email-validation' -
git merge <branch-name>: Merges changes from one branch into the current branch.Example:
$ git merge feature/branch1 # Updating abcdef1..1234567 # Fast-forward # myfile.txt | 2 +- # 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
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git stash: Stashes changes in a dirty working directory for later use.Example:
$ git stash # Saved working directory and index state WIP on feature/new-feature: 1234567 Added new feature
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git remote add <name> <url>: Adds a remote repository.Example:
$ git remote add origin https://github.com/user/repo.git
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git push <remote> <branch>: Pushes changes to a remote repository.Example:
$ git push origin master
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git pull <remote> <branch>: Fetches and merges changes from a remote repository.Example:
$ git pull origin master
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git clone <url>: Clones a remote repository to a local machine.git clone <url> .: Clones into the current folderExample:
$ git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git # Cloning into 'repo'... # remote: Enumerating objects: 100, done. # remote: Counting objects: 100% (100/100), done. # remote: Compressing objects: 100% (80/80), done. # Receiving objects: 100% (100/100), 10.00 KiB | 5.00 MiB/s, done. # Resolving deltas: 100% (20/20), done.
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git log: Shows commit history.Example:
$ git log # commit abcdef1 # Author: John Doe <[email protected]> # Date: Tue May 1 12:00:00 2023 +0300 # # Added new feature # # commit 1234567 # Author: John Doe <[email protected]> # Date: Mon Apr 30 09:30:00 2023 +0300 # # Updated README.md
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git show <commit>: Shows details of a specific commit.Example:
$ git show abcdef1 # commit abcdef1 # Author: John Doe <[email protected]> # Date: Tue May 1 12:00:00 2023 +0300 # # Added new feature # # diff --git a/myfile.txt b/myfile.txt # index 1234567..abcdefg 100644 # --- a/myfile.txt # +++ b/myfile.txt # @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ # Hello, world! # +This is a new line. # Another line. # Goodbye!
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git blame <file>: Shows who modified each line of a file.Example:
$ git blame myfile.txt abcdef1 (John Doe 2023-05-01 12:00:00 +0300 1) Hello, world! abcdef1 (John Doe 2023-05-01 12:00:00 +0300 2) This is a new line. 1234567 (John Doe 2023-04-30 09:30:00 +0300 3) Another line. abcdef1 (John Doe 2023-05-01 12:00:00 +0300 4) Goodbye!
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git revert <commit>: Creates a new commit that undoes the changes made in a specific commit.Example:
$ git revert abcdef1 # [master 9876543] Revert "Added new feature" # 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)
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git reset: Resets the staging area and working directory to a previous commit.Example:
$ git reset --hard 1234567 # HEAD is now at 1234567 Updated README.md -
git checkout -- <file>: Discards changes made to a file in the working directory.Example:
$ git checkout -- myfile.txt
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git fetch <remote>: Fetches the latest changes from a remote repository without merging them.Example:
$ git fetch origin
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git remote -v: Lists all the remote repositories and their URLs.Example:
$ git remote -v # origin https://github.com/user/repo.git (fetch) # origin https://github.com/user/repo.git (push)
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git branch -r: Lists remote branches.Example:
$ git branch -r # origin/HEAD -> origin/master # origin/feature/branch1 # origin/feature/branch2
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git push -u <remote> <branch>: Sets the upstream branch and pushes changes to a remote repository.Example:
$ git push -u origin master