Apply parameters to sql statement after it has been logged by ActiveRecord

[mtaylor-vailsys]

This is related to #1348.

ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLServer::DatabaseStatements#raw_execute previously transformed the query into a parameterized query, then called the method implementation from ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter.

The AbstractAdapter impelementation logged the sql statement, then called the perform_query method.

Because the parameterized values were included in the sql statement before it was logged, ActiveRecord filter attributes were being bypassed, leaking values into logs that should otherwise have been filtered out.

This PR moves the application of parameters into the sql statement from the raw_execute method into the perform_query method (after the statement has been logged).
This allows SQL statements logged from activerecord-sqlserver-adapter to respect the ActiveRecord filter attributes.
This comes at the cost of no longer logging the exact sql that will be sent to the database server.

Previously, the adapter would have logged a statement like:

EXEC sp_executesql N'SELECT 1 AS one FROM [customers] WHERE [customers].[name] = @0 AND [customers].[id] = @1 ORDER BY [customers].[id] ASC OFFSET 0 ROWS FETCH NEXT @2 ROWS ONLY', N'@0 nvarchar(4000), @1 bigint, @2 int', @0 = N'David', @1 = 1, @2 = 1  [["name", "David"], ["id", 1], ["LIMIT", 1]]

The new logs would appear as:

SELECT 1 AS one FROM [customers] WHERE [customers].[name] = @0 AND [customers].[id] = @1 ORDER BY [customers].[id] ASC OFFSET 0 ROWS FETCH NEXT @2 ROWS ONLY  [["name", "David"], ["id", 1], ["LIMIT", 1]]

[aidanharan]

@mtaylor-vailsys Thanks for the PR. It'll be a week or 2 before I have a chance to look at it properly.