gh-143420: Clarify sequence behavior for slice indexes

[skirpichev]

This explain what happens when for negative start or stop arguments of big magnitude.

Also reference sequence term in the :mod:array docs.

• Issue: Clarify clamping specifications for sequence.insert #143420

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://cpython-previews--143422.org.readthedocs.build/en/143422/library/stdtypes.html

https://cpython-previews--143422.org.readthedocs.build/en/143422/library/stdtypes.html#common-sequence-operations

[skirpichev]

CC @hugovk, per experts index (see issue thread on proposal to remove redundant methods from array docs)

[skirpichev]

What we should do with common array methods? I think removal (like for other sequence types, e.g. bytearray) is a good idea. But broken links is a problem.

[miss-islington-app]

Thanks @skirpichev for the PR, and @hugovk for merging it 🌮🎉.. I'm working now to backport this PR to: 3.13, 3.14.
🐍🍒⛏🤖

[bedevere-app]

GH-143701 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.14 branch.

[bedevere-app]

GH-143703 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.13 branch.

[bedevere-bot]

⚠️⚠️⚠️ Buildbot failure ⚠️⚠️⚠️

Hi! The buildbot AMD64 FreeBSD Refleaks 3.14 (tier-3) has failed when building commit 1b38e89.

What do you need to do:

1. Don't panic.
2. Check the buildbot page in the devguide if you don't know what the buildbots are or how they work.
3. Go to the page of the buildbot that failed (https://buildbot.python.org/#/builders/1800/builds/892) and take a look at the build logs.
4. Check if the failure is related to this commit (1b38e89) or if it is a false positive.
5. If the failure is related to this commit, please, reflect that on the issue and make a new Pull Request with a fix.

You can take a look at the buildbot page here:

https://buildbot.python.org/#/builders/1800/builds/892

Failed tests:

• test_httpservers
• test_datetime

Failed subtests:

• test_large_content_length_truncated - test.test_httpservers.CGIHTTPServerTestCase.test_large_content_length_truncated
• test_concurrent_initialization_subinterpreter - test.datetimetester.ExtensionModuleTests_Fast.test_concurrent_initialization_subinterpreter

Summary of the results of the build (if available):

==

Click to see traceback logs

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/test/datetimetester.py", line 7302, in test_concurrent_initialization_subinterpreter
    self.assertEqual(out, b"a" * 8)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
AssertionError: b'aaaaaaa' != b'aaaaaaaa'


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/test/libregrtest/single.py", line 236, in _runtest_env_changed_exc
    return
ResourceWarning: unclosed <socket.socket fd=4, family=2, type=1, proto=6, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 31246)>


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/test/test_httpservers.py", line 1139, in test_large_content_length_truncated
    res = self.request('/cgi-bin/file1.py', 'POST', b'x', headers)
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/test/test_httpservers.py", line 131, in request
    self.connection.request(method, uri, body, headers)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/http/client.py", line 1358, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/http/client.py", line 1404, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/http/client.py", line 1353, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/http/client.py", line 1152, in _send_output
    self.send(chunk)
    ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/http/client.py", line 1077, in send
    self.sock.sendall(data)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/buildbot/buildarea/3.14.ware-freebsd.refleak/build/Lib/test/libregrtest/single.py", line 236, in _runtest_env_changed_exc
    return
ResourceWarning: unclosed <socket.socket fd=5, family=2, type=1, proto=6, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 27602)>