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醋酸甲羟孕酮:青春期阻断用 #1282

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@Artoria2e5 Artoria2e5 requested a review from a team as a code owner January 18, 2025 08:42
@Artoria2e5 Artoria2e5 changed the title 醋酸甲羟孕酮:青春期抑制用 醋酸甲羟孕酮:青春期阻断用 Jan 18, 2025
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对于此用法在 Endocrine Society 的短报 https://support.endocrine.org/-/media/endocrine/files/practice/gender_dosing_standards_transgender_youth.pdf 也有引用。

GnRH agonists are expensive and may not be an option
for transgender youth without insurance. Alternatives
to GnRH could include depot medroxyprogesterone
to suppress puberty sex steroids6 . Although, this
approach is not mentioned in the Endocrine Society
guidelines, Meyer et al demonstrated in a small number
of transyouth that depot progesterone was effective in
the suppression of pubertal hormones with no reported
side effects. 6

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建议添加引用链接

@dev-soragoto dev-soragoto enabled auto-merge (squash) February 7, 2025 08:10
@Leetfs Leetfs requested a review from Bersella-AI February 8, 2025 11:59
Artoria2e5 and others added 3 commits February 12, 2025 16:59
我服了这个 lynch mm 怎么写这么多东西,还搞了个不在 pubmed 里面的

Signed-off-by: Mingye Wang <[email protected]>
auto-merge was automatically disabled February 12, 2025 08:59

Head branch was pushed to by a user without write access

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非常感谢你的投稿。我专门搜索了这两份文献以及相关材料,发现了以下几点:

  1. 醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)历史上确实曾用于性早熟的控制,但研究发生的年份均很早,不晚于 1981 年1 2
  2. Lynch et al. (2015) 3 本身的数据存在一些问题:样本规模(MtF 计 7人次)过小;有的睾酮水平骤降 95%,有的仅下降不足 15%,无法清楚表明 MPA 作为青春期阻断剂的价值。
  3. 继 Lynch et al. (2015) 3之后,有两份论文曾引用之。其中,Tailor et al. (2024) 的回顾性综述将其标记为“低质量”,没有继续加以讨论4;Betsi et al. (2024) 的综述将 MPA 作为 GnRHa 的替代物而有所讨论,需要注意用于 AMAB(出生指派性别为男)群体时,MPA“没有必然实现对睾酮的完全抑制”5,此和上述数据吻合。

综合看来,MPA 虽然也抑制了 HPG 轴,但不像 GnRHa 那样,能够以 100% 几率实现对性腺和睾酮的完全抑制;到目前为止,这种疗法被废弃并被 GnRHa 取代的可能性非常大。因此,我对这项用途持保留意见,提请审慎考虑。

Footnotes

  1. Sadeghi-Nejad A, Kaplan S L, Grumbach M M. The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on adrenocortical function in children with precocious puberty [J]. The Journal of Pediatrics, 1971, 78(4): 616-624. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022347671804638

  2. Lee P A. Medroxyprogesterone Therapy for Sexual Precocity in Girls [J]. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 1981, 135(5): 443–445. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130290041015

  3. Lynch M M, Khandheria M M, Meyer W J. Retrospective Study of the Management of Childhood and Adolescent Gender Identity Disorder Using Medroxyprogesterone Acetate [J]. International Journal of Transgenderism, 2015, 16(4): 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2015.1080649 2

  4. Taylor J, Mitchell A, Hall R, et al. Interventions to suppress puberty in adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria or incongruence: a systematic review [J]. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2024, 109: s33-s47. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-326669

  5. Betsi G, Goulia P, Sandhu S, et al. Puberty suppression in adolescents with gender dysphoria: an emerging issue with multiple implications [J]. Frontier in Endocrinology, 2024, 15: 1309904. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1309904

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纠正:Tailor et al. (2024) 在附件表四中评价了 Lynch 2015 的研究质量:

  • Representativeness of the paediatric gender dysphoric group: Single-clinic study, not enough information given to ascertain proportion of eligible patients included in study. (0/1)
  • Adequacy of follow up of cohorts: Study makes reference to participants being lost to follow-up, but does not present information on follow-up rates. (0/1)
  • Ascertainment of exposure (medical treatment for gender dysphoria): Clinical data extracted from medical records (1/1)
  • Selection of non-exposed group: N/A
  • Comparability of cohorts based on the design or analysis: Narrative summary presented (0/2)
  • Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur?: Baseline and relevant data from clinic follow-up at 1 and 6-monthly intervals (duration of follow-up not reported) (0.5/1)
  • Assessment of outcome: Extracted from medical records (1/1)
  • 总分 2.5/7

附件一:评价标准

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Artoria2e5 commented Feb 18, 2025

  1. 我已经提到过不能抑制性腺轴导致不能抑制性早熟造成的骨骺线闭合,因此性早熟方面停用得比较早。用在这里或许反而可以防止长太高和骨质疏松,怎么说都是好事。
  2. 对于足以造成内心烦躁的青春期情况,睾酮水平是否有足够下降是受药者可以知道的吧?虽然我小时候只偷过 5-AR 抑制剂。
  3. Single-clinic study 作为条件限制是很正常的事情。用 MPA 做这个的本来就是没钱 GnRHa 的穷娃,你指望规模多大。
  4. “does not present information on follow-up rates” 这句话简直是可笑,table 3 里面 subject 2 3 4 6 都是在接受了 ~9, 6, 12, 36 个月 MPA 之后开始了 E2,如果没有在 1 和 6 mo 之后 follow-up 这些人是怎么来的?不知道 rate 不会自己算吗。

以上。

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  1. 我已经提到过不能抑制性腺轴导致不能抑制性早熟造成的骨骺线闭合,因此性早熟方面停用得比较早。用在这里或许反而可以防止长太高和骨质疏松,怎么说都是好事。

  2. 对于足以造成内心烦躁的青春期情况,睾酮水平是否有足够下降是受药者可以知道的吧?虽然我小时候只偷过 5-AR 抑制剂。

  3. Single-clinic study 作为条件限制是很正常的事情。用 MPA 做这个的本来就是没钱 GnRHa 的穷娃,你指望规模多大。

  4. “does not present information on follow-up rates” 这句话简直是可笑,table 3 里面 subject 2 3 4 6 都是在接受了 ~9, 6, 12, 36 个月 MPA 之后开始了 E2,如果没有在 1 和 6 mo 之后 follow-up 这些人是怎么来的?不知道 rate 不会自己算吗。

以上。

  1. 很遗憾,即使采用效果不及 GnRHa 的替代品,仍有骨质疏松的可能。例如有研究将醋酸环丙孕酮(CPA)作为青春期阻断剂用于 21 名 MtF1,其中股骨颈、髋骨、腰椎的 Z 值(Z-score,衡量骨密度和一般同龄人之差的指标)均有统计显著性地下降。
  2. 激素水平当然值得留意。它是衡量疗效的一个重要指标,但不是全部;以身体感到舒适为准。
  3. Single-clinic study 不是决定研究质量的充分条件,样本规模才是。荷兰的 VUMC 诊所接纳了几乎整个荷兰的跨性别者2,它所做的研究可以视为 Single-clinic study,也可以是 Nationwide study,更重要的是规模大,方法严谨。
  4. 请注意,开始接受雌二醇的时间不等同于 研究出于预设目的(MPA 作为青春期阻断剂的功效)进行的跟踪时长,二者是两码事,除非论文里有特别注明二者间的联系——至少我没有在论文里发现。

Footnotes

  1. Tack L J W, Craen M, Lapauw B, et al. Proandrogenic and Antiandrogenic Progestins in Transgender Youth: Differential Effects on Body Composition and Bone Metabolism [J]. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2018, 103(6): 2147–2156. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02316

  2. Aly. Recent Developments on Cyproterone Acetate and Meningioma Risk Out of France and Implications for Transfeminine People [EB/OL]. Transfeminine Science, 2020. https://transfemscience.org/articles/cpa-meningioma/

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