[GR-57827] Move the initialization of security providers from build time to run time and place it behind the --future-defaults flag.

docs/reference-manual/native-image/JCASecurityServices.md

@@ -36,11 +36,20 @@ The report will detail all registered service classes, the API methods that trig
 
 > Note: The `--enable-all-security-services` option is now deprecated and it will be removed in a future release.
 
+## Provider Initialization
+
+Currently security providers are initialized at build time.
+To move their initialization to run time, use the option `--future-defaults=all` or `--future-defaults=run-time-initialized-jdk`. 
+Provider verification will still occur at build time. 
+Run-time initialization of security providers helps reduce image heap size.
+To move their initialization to run time, you can use the flag `--future-defaults=all` or `--future-defaults=run-time-initialized-jdk`.
+
 ## Provider Registration
 
 The `native-image` builder captures the list of providers and their preference order from the underlying JVM.
 The provider order is specified in the `java.security` file under `<java-home>/conf/security/java.security`.
-New security providers cannot be registered at run time; all providers must be statically configured at executable build time.
+New security providers cannot be registered at run time by default (see the section above); all providers must be statically configured at executable build time.
+If the user specifies `--future-defaults=all` or `--future-defaults=run-time-initialized-jdk` to move providers initialization to run time, then a specific properties file can be used via the command line option `-Djava.security.properties=<path>`.
 
 ## Providers Reordering at Run Time
 
@@ -52,6 +61,9 @@ Security.removeProvider("BC");
 Security.insertProviderAt(bcProvider, 1);
 ```
 
+If `--future-defaults=all` or `--future-defaults=run-time-initialized-jdk` is enabled, the list of providers is constructed at run time.
+The same approach to manipulating providers can then be used.
+
 ## SecureRandom
 
 The `SecureRandom` implementations open the `/dev/random` and `/dev/urandom` files which are used as sources.

substratevm/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ This changelog summarizes major changes to GraalVM Native Image.
 * (GR-47881) Remove the total number of loaded types, fields, and methods from the build output, deprecated these metrics in the build output schema, and removed already deprecated build output metrics.
 * (GR-64619) Missing registration errors are now subclasses of `LinkageError`
 * (GR-63591) Resource bundle registration is now included as part of the `"resources"` section of _reachability-metadata.json_. When this is the case, the bundle name is specified using the `"bundle"` field.
+* (GR-57827) Move the initialization of security providers from build time to runtime.
+* (GR-57827) Security providers can now be initialized at run time (instead of build time) when using the option `--future-defaults=all` or `--future-defaults=run-time-initialized-jdk`.
+Run-time initialization of security providers helps reduce image heap size by avoiding unnecessary objects inclusion.
 
 ## GraalVM for JDK 24 (Internal Version 24.2.0)
 * (GR-59717) Added `DuringSetupAccess.registerObjectReachabilityHandler` to allow registering a callback that is executed when an object of a specified type is marked as reachable during heap scanning.

substratevm/mx.substratevm/suite.py

@@ -352,6 +352,7 @@
             ],
             "requiresConcealed" : {
                 "java.base" : [
+                    "com.sun.crypto.provider",
                     "sun.invoke.util",
                     "sun.net",
                     "sun.net.www",
@@ -362,6 +363,8 @@
                     "sun.reflect.generics.repository",
                     "sun.reflect.generics.tree",
                     "sun.security.jca",
+                    "sun.security.provider",
+                    "sun.security.rsa",
                     "sun.security.ssl",
                     "sun.security.util",
                     "sun.text.spi",

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/jdk/SecurityProvidersSupport.java

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package com.oracle.svm.core.jdk;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.security.Provider;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.graalvm.collections.EconomicMap;
+import org.graalvm.collections.EconomicSet;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.ImageSingletons;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.Platform;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.Platforms;
+
+import com.oracle.svm.core.util.ImageHeapMap;
+import com.oracle.svm.core.util.VMError;
+
+import jdk.graal.compiler.api.replacements.Fold;
+import sun.security.util.Debug;
+
+/**
+ * The class that holds various build-time and run-time structures necessary for security providers,
+ * but only in case they are initialized at run time (see the <a href=
+ * "../../../../../../../../../../../../docs/reference-manual/native-image/JCASecurityServices.md">
+ * JCA Security Services documentation</a> for details).
+ */
+public final class SecurityProvidersSupport {
+    /**
+     * A set of providers to be loaded using the service-loading technique at runtime, but not
+     * discoverable at build-time when processing services in the feature (see
+     * ServiceLoaderFeature#handleServiceClassIsReachable). This occurs when the user does not
+     * explicitly request a provider, but the provider is discovered via static analysis from a
+     * JCA-compliant security service used by the user's code (see
+     * SecurityServicesFeature#registerServiceReachabilityHandlers).
+     */
+    @Platforms(Platform.HOSTED_ONLY.class)//
+    private final Set<String> markedAsNotLoaded = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
+
+    /** Set of fully qualified provider names, required for runtime resource access. */
+    private final EconomicSet<String> userRequestedSecurityProviders = EconomicSet.create();
+
+    /**
+     * A map of providers, identified by their names (see {@link Provider#getName()}), and the
+     * results of their verification (see javax.crypto.JceSecurity#getVerificationResult). This
+     * structure is used instead of the (see javax.crypto.JceSecurity#verifyingProviders) map to
+     * avoid keeping provider objects in the image heap.
+     */
+    private final EconomicMap<String, Object> verifiedSecurityProviders = ImageHeapMap.create("verifiedSecurityProviders");
+
+    private Properties savedInitialSecurityProperties;
+
+    private Constructor<?> sunECConstructor;
+
+    @Platforms(Platform.HOSTED_ONLY.class)
+    public SecurityProvidersSupport(List<String> userRequestedSecurityProviders) {
+        this.userRequestedSecurityProviders.addAll(userRequestedSecurityProviders);
+    }
+
+    @Fold
+    public static SecurityProvidersSupport singleton() {
+        return ImageSingletons.lookup(SecurityProvidersSupport.class);
+    }
+
+    @Platforms(Platform.HOSTED_ONLY.class)
+    public void addVerifiedSecurityProvider(String key, Object verificationResult) {
+        verifiedSecurityProviders.put(key, verificationResult);
+    }
+
+    public Object getSecurityProviderVerificationResult(String key) {
+        return verifiedSecurityProviders.get(key);
+    }
+
+    @Platforms(Platform.HOSTED_ONLY.class)
+    public void markSecurityProviderAsNotLoaded(String provider) {
+        markedAsNotLoaded.add(provider);
+    }
+
+    @Platforms(Platform.HOSTED_ONLY.class)
+    public boolean isSecurityProviderNotLoaded(String provider) {
+        return markedAsNotLoaded.contains(provider);
+    }
+
+    @Platforms(Platform.HOSTED_ONLY.class)
+    public boolean isUserRequestedSecurityProvider(String provider) {
+        return userRequestedSecurityProviders.contains(provider);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if the provider, identified by either its name (e.g., SUN) or fully
+     * qualified name (e.g., sun.security.provider.Sun), is either user-requested or reachable via a
+     * security service.
+     */
+    public boolean isSecurityProviderRequested(String providerName, String providerFQName) {
+        return verifiedSecurityProviders.containsKey(providerName) || userRequestedSecurityProviders.contains(providerFQName);
+    }
+
+    @Platforms(Platform.HOSTED_ONLY.class)
+    public void setSunECConstructor(Constructor<?> sunECConstructor) {
+        this.sunECConstructor = sunECConstructor;
+    }
+
+    public Provider allocateSunECProvider() {
+        try {
+            return (Provider) sunECConstructor.newInstance();
+        } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
+            throw VMError.shouldNotReachHere("The SunEC constructor is not present.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Platforms(Platform.HOSTED_ONLY.class)
+    public void setSavedInitialSecurityProperties(Properties savedSecurityProperties) {
+        this.savedInitialSecurityProperties = savedSecurityProperties;
+    }
+
+    public Properties getSavedInitialSecurityProperties() {
+        return savedInitialSecurityProperties;
+    }
+
+    public Provider loadBuiltInProvider(String provName, Debug debug) {
+        return switch (provName) {
+            case "SUN", "sun.security.provider.Sun" ->
+                isSecurityProviderRequested("SUN", "sun.security.provider.Sun") ? new sun.security.provider.Sun() : null;
+            case "SunRsaSign", "sun.security.rsa.SunRsaSign" ->
+                isSecurityProviderRequested("SunRsaSign", "sun.security.rsa.SunRsaSign") ? new sun.security.rsa.SunRsaSign() : null;
+            case "SunJCE", "com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE" ->
+                isSecurityProviderRequested("SunJCE", "com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE") ? new com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE() : null;
+            case "SunJSSE" ->
+                isSecurityProviderRequested("SunJSSE", "sun.security.ssl.SunJSSE") ? new sun.security.ssl.SunJSSE() : null;
+            case "SunEC" ->
+                isSecurityProviderRequested("SunEC", "sun.security.ec.SunEC") ? allocateSunECProvider() : null;
+            case "Apple", "apple.security.AppleProvider" -> {
+                try {
+                    Class<?> c = Class.forName("apple.security.AppleProvider");
+                    if (Provider.class.isAssignableFrom(c)) {
+                        yield (Provider) c.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception ex) {
+                    if (debug != null) {
+                        debug.println("Error loading provider Apple");
+                        ex.printStackTrace();
+                    }
+                }
+                yield null;
+            }
+            default -> null;
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isBuiltInProvider(String provName) {
+        return switch (provName) {
+            case "SUN", "sun.security.provider.Sun",
+                            "SunRsaSign", "sun.security.rsa.SunRsaSign",
+                            "SunJCE", "com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE",
+                            "SunJSSE",
+                            "SunEC",
+                            "Apple", "apple.security.AppleProvider" ->
+                true;
+            default -> false;
+        };
+    }
+}

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/jdk/SecuritySubstitutions.java

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 import java.security.Policy;
 import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
 import java.security.Provider;
-import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -244,26 +243,28 @@ private static void setJavaHome(String newJavaHome) {
     }
 }
 
-@TargetClass(className = "javax.crypto.JceSecurity")
+/**
+ * The {@code javax.crypto.JceSecurity#verificationResults} cache is initialized by the
+ * SecurityServicesFeature at build time, for all registered providers. The cache is used by
+ * {@code javax.crypto.JceSecurity#canUseProvider} at run time to check whether a provider is
+ * properly signed and can be used by JCE. It does that via jar verification which we cannot
+ * support.
+ */
+@TargetClass(className = "javax.crypto.JceSecurity", onlyWith = JDKInitializedAtBuildTime.class)
 @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+27/src/java.base/share/classes/javax/crypto/JceSecurity.java.template")
 @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
 final class Target_javax_crypto_JceSecurity {
 
-    /*
-     * The JceSecurity.verificationResults cache is initialized by the SecurityServicesFeature at
-     * build time, for all registered providers. The cache is used by JceSecurity.canUseProvider()
-     * at runtime to check whether a provider is properly signed and can be used by JCE. It does
-     * that via jar verification which we cannot support.
-     */
-
     // Checkstyle: stop
     @Alias //
     private static Object PROVIDER_VERIFIED;
     // Checkstyle: resume
 
-    // Map<Provider,?> of the providers we already have verified
-    // value == PROVIDER_VERIFIED is successfully verified
-    // value is failure cause Exception in error case
+    /*
+     * Map<Provider, ?> of providers that have already been verified. A value of PROVIDER_VERIFIED
+     * indicates successful verification. Otherwise, the value is the Exception that caused the
+     * verification to fail.
+     */
     @Alias //
     private static Map<Object, Object> verificationResults;
 
@@ -281,7 +282,6 @@ final class Target_javax_crypto_JceSecurity {
 
     @Substitute
     static Exception getVerificationResult(Provider p) {
-        /* Start code block copied from original method. */
         /* The verification results map key is an identity wrapper object. */
         Object key = new Target_javax_crypto_JceSecurity_WeakIdentityWrapper(p, queue);
         Object o = verificationResults.get(key);
@@ -290,19 +290,20 @@ static Exception getVerificationResult(Provider p) {
         } else if (o != null) {
             return (Exception) o;
         }
-        /* End code block copied from original method. */
         /*
-         * If the verification result is not found in the verificationResults map JDK proceeds to
-         * verify it. That requires accessing the code base which we don't support. The substitution
-         * for getCodeBase() would be enough to take care of this too, but substituting
-         * getVerificationResult() allows for a better error message.
+         * If the verification result is not found in the verificationResults map, HotSpot will
+         * attempt to verify the provider. This requires accessing the code base, which isn't
+         * supported in Native Image, so we need to fail. We could either fail here or substitute
+         * getCodeBase() and fail there, but handling it here is a cleaner approach.
          */
-        throw VMError.unsupportedFeature("Trying to verify a provider that was not registered at build time: " + p + ". " +
-                        "All providers must be registered and verified in the Native Image builder. ");
+        throw new SecurityException(
+                        "Attempted to verify a provider that was not registered at build time: " + p + ". " +
+                                        "All security providers must be registered and verified during native image generation. " +
+                                        "Try adding the option: -H:AdditionalSecurityProviders=" + p + " and rebuild the image.");
     }
 }
 
-@TargetClass(className = "javax.crypto.JceSecurity", innerClass = "WeakIdentityWrapper")
+@TargetClass(className = "javax.crypto.JceSecurity", innerClass = "WeakIdentityWrapper", onlyWith = JDKInitializedAtBuildTime.class)
 @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
 final class Target_javax_crypto_JceSecurity_WeakIdentityWrapper {
 
@@ -311,31 +312,6 @@ final class Target_javax_crypto_JceSecurity_WeakIdentityWrapper {
     }
 }
 
-class JceSecurityAccessor {
-    private static volatile SecureRandom RANDOM;
-
-    static SecureRandom get() {
-        SecureRandom result = RANDOM;
-        if (result == null) {
-            /* Lazy initialization on first access. */
-            result = initializeOnce();
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    private static synchronized SecureRandom initializeOnce() {
-        SecureRandom result = RANDOM;
-        if (result != null) {
-            /* Double-checked locking is OK because INSTANCE is volatile. */
-            return result;
-        }
-
-        result = new SecureRandom();
-        RANDOM = result;
-        return result;
-    }
-}
-
 /**
  * JDK 8 has the class `javax.crypto.JarVerifier`, but in JDK 11 and later that class is only
  * available in Oracle builds, and not in OpenJDK builds.
@@ -401,7 +377,7 @@ public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission permission) {
     }
 }
 
-@TargetClass(className = "sun.security.jca.ProviderConfig")
+@TargetClass(className = "sun.security.jca.ProviderConfig", onlyWith = JDKInitializedAtBuildTime.class)
 @SuppressWarnings({"unused", "static-method"})
 final class Target_sun_security_jca_ProviderConfig {