sqlite: add location method

[geeksilva97]

Fixes #57859

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/sqlite

[geeksilva97]

This would simplify the sharing of connections between modules. When needed, they could retrieve the database location using only the object.

I'm aware some of you might find this useless. Whatever you guys decide, I'm okay with it. I just needed something like this and decided to implement.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 82.60870% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 90.24%. Comparing base (09ecd2e) to head (a489f6f).
Report is 26 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_sqlite.cc	82.60%	0 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             main   #57860    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   90.24%   90.24%            
========================================
  Files         630      630            
  Lines      185502   185693   +191     
  Branches    36366    36416    +50     
========================================
+ Hits       167402   167587   +185     
  Misses      11000    11000            
- Partials     7100     7106     +6     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_sqlite.h	68.00% <ø> (ø)
src/node_sqlite.cc	80.51% <82.60%> (+0.02%)	⬆️

... and 35 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.

[cjihrig]

LGTM besides the one unrelated change.

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/66268/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/66318/