refactor: remove request_ctx ContextVar, thread Context explicitly

docs/migration.md

@@ -288,6 +288,37 @@ app = Starlette(routes=[Mount("/", app=mcp.streamable_http_app(json_response=Tru
 
 **Note:** DNS rebinding protection is automatically enabled when `host` is `127.0.0.1`, `localhost`, or `::1`. This now happens in `sse_app()` and `streamable_http_app()` instead of the constructor.
 
+### `MCPServer.get_context()` removed
+
+`MCPServer.get_context()` has been removed. Context is now injected by the framework and passed explicitly — there is no ambient ContextVar to read from.
+
+**If you were calling `get_context()` from inside a tool/resource/prompt:** use the `ctx: Context` parameter injection instead.
+
+**Before (v1):**
+
+```python
+@mcp.tool()
+async def my_tool(x: int) -> str:
+    ctx = mcp.get_context()
+    await ctx.info("Processing...")
+    return str(x)
+```
+
+**After (v2):**
+
+```python
+@mcp.tool()
+async def my_tool(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
+    await ctx.info("Processing...")
+    return str(x)
+```
+
+### `MCPServer.call_tool()`, `read_resource()`, `get_prompt()` now accept a `context` parameter
+
+`MCPServer.call_tool()`, `MCPServer.read_resource()`, and `MCPServer.get_prompt()` now accept an optional `context: Context | None = None` parameter. The framework passes this automatically during normal request handling. If you call these methods directly and omit `context`, a Context with no active request is constructed for you — tools that don't use `ctx` work normally, but any attempt to use `ctx.session`, `ctx.request_id`, etc. will raise.
+
+The internal layers (`ToolManager.call_tool`, `Tool.run`, `Prompt.render`, `ResourceTemplate.create_resource`, etc.) now require `context` as a positional argument.
+
 ### Replace `RootModel` by union types with `TypeAdapter` validation
 
 The following union types are no longer `RootModel` subclasses:
@@ -694,7 +725,7 @@ If you prefer the convenience of automatic wrapping, use `MCPServer` which still
 
 ### Lowlevel `Server`: `request_context` property removed
 
-The `server.request_context` property has been removed. Request context is now passed directly to handlers as the first argument (`ctx`). The `request_ctx` module-level contextvar is now an internal implementation detail and should not be relied upon.
+The `server.request_context` property has been removed. Request context is now passed directly to handlers as the first argument (`ctx`). The `request_ctx` module-level contextvar has been removed entirely.
 
 **Before (v1):**
 

src/mcp/server/lowlevel/server.py

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ async def main():
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import contextvars
 import logging
 import warnings
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable
@@ -74,8 +73,6 @@ async def main():
 
 LifespanResultT = TypeVar("LifespanResultT", default=Any)
 
-request_ctx: contextvars.ContextVar[ServerRequestContext[Any]] = contextvars.ContextVar("request_ctx")
-
 
 class NotificationOptions:
     def __init__(self, prompts_changed: bool = False, resources_changed: bool = False, tools_changed: bool = False):
@@ -474,11 +471,7 @@ async def _handle_request(
                     close_sse_stream=close_sse_stream_cb,
                     close_standalone_sse_stream=close_standalone_sse_stream_cb,
                 )
-                token = request_ctx.set(ctx)
-                try:
-                    response = await handler(ctx, req.params)
-                finally:
-                    request_ctx.reset(token)
+                response = await handler(ctx, req.params)
             except MCPError as err:
                 response = err.error
             except anyio.get_cancelled_exc_class():

src/mcp/server/mcpserver/__init__.py

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 from mcp.types import Icon
 
-from .server import Context, MCPServer
+from .context import Context
+from .server import MCPServer
 from .utilities.types import Audio, Image
 
 __all__ = ["MCPServer", "Context", "Image", "Audio", "Icon"]

src/mcp/server/mcpserver/context.py

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, Literal
+
+from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel
+
+from mcp.server.context import LifespanContextT, RequestT, ServerRequestContext
+from mcp.server.elicitation import (
+    ElicitationResult,
+    ElicitSchemaModelT,
+    UrlElicitationResult,
+    elicit_url,
+    elicit_with_validation,
+)
+from mcp.server.lowlevel.helper_types import ReadResourceContents
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from mcp.server.mcpserver.server import MCPServer
+
+
+class Context(BaseModel, Generic[LifespanContextT, RequestT]):
+    """Context object providing access to MCP capabilities.
+
+    This provides a cleaner interface to MCP's RequestContext functionality.
+    It gets injected into tool and resource functions that request it via type hints.
+
+    To use context in a tool function, add a parameter with the Context type annotation:
+
+    ```python
+    @server.tool()
+    async def my_tool(x: int, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        # Log messages to the client
+        await ctx.info(f"Processing {x}")
+        await ctx.debug("Debug info")
+        await ctx.warning("Warning message")
+        await ctx.error("Error message")
+
+        # Report progress
+        await ctx.report_progress(50, 100)
+
+        # Access resources
+        data = await ctx.read_resource("resource://data")
+
+        # Get request info
+        request_id = ctx.request_id
+        client_id = ctx.client_id
+
+        return str(x)
+    ```
+
+    The context parameter name can be anything as long as it's annotated with Context.
+    The context is optional - tools that don't need it can omit the parameter.
+    """
+
+    _request_context: ServerRequestContext[LifespanContextT, RequestT] | None
+    _mcp_server: MCPServer | None
+
+    # TODO(maxisbey): Consider making request_context/mcp_server required, or refactor Context entirely.
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        request_context: ServerRequestContext[LifespanContextT, RequestT] | None = None,
+        mcp_server: MCPServer | None = None,
+        # TODO(Marcelo): We should drop this kwargs parameter.
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self._request_context = request_context
+        self._mcp_server = mcp_server
+
+    @property
+    def mcp_server(self) -> MCPServer:
+        """Access to the MCPServer instance."""
+        if self._mcp_server is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError("Context is not available outside of a request")
+        return self._mcp_server  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @property
+    def request_context(self) -> ServerRequestContext[LifespanContextT, RequestT]:
+        """Access to the underlying request context."""
+        if self._request_context is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError("Context is not available outside of a request")
+        return self._request_context
+
+    async def report_progress(self, progress: float, total: float | None = None, message: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Report progress for the current operation.
+
+        Args:
+            progress: Current progress value (e.g., 24)
+            total: Optional total value (e.g., 100)
+            message: Optional message (e.g., "Starting render...")
+        """
+        progress_token = self.request_context.meta.get("progress_token") if self.request_context.meta else None
+
+        if progress_token is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+
+        await self.request_context.session.send_progress_notification(
+            progress_token=progress_token,
+            progress=progress,
+            total=total,
+            message=message,
+            related_request_id=self.request_id,
+        )
+
+    async def read_resource(self, uri: str | AnyUrl) -> Iterable[ReadResourceContents]:
+        """Read a resource by URI.
+
+        Args:
+            uri: Resource URI to read
+
+        Returns:
+            The resource content as either text or bytes
+        """
+        assert self._mcp_server is not None, "Context is not available outside of a request"
+        return await self._mcp_server.read_resource(uri, self)
+
+    async def elicit(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        schema: type[ElicitSchemaModelT],
+    ) -> ElicitationResult[ElicitSchemaModelT]:
+        """Elicit information from the client/user.
+
+        This method can be used to interactively ask for additional information from the
+        client within a tool's execution. The client might display the message to the
+        user and collect a response according to the provided schema. If the client
+        is an agent, it might decide how to handle the elicitation -- either by asking
+        the user or automatically generating a response.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Message to present to the user
+            schema: A Pydantic model class defining the expected response structure.
+                    According to the specification, only primitive types are allowed.
+
+        Returns:
+            An ElicitationResult containing the action taken and the data if accepted
+
+        Note:
+            Check the result.action to determine if the user accepted, declined, or cancelled.
+            The result.data will only be populated if action is "accept" and validation succeeded.
+        """
+
+        return await elicit_with_validation(
+            session=self.request_context.session,
+            message=message,
+            schema=schema,
+            related_request_id=self.request_id,
+        )
+
+    async def elicit_url(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        url: str,
+        elicitation_id: str,
+    ) -> UrlElicitationResult:
+        """Request URL mode elicitation from the client.
+
+        This directs the user to an external URL for out-of-band interactions
+        that must not pass through the MCP client. Use this for:
+        - Collecting sensitive credentials (API keys, passwords)
+        - OAuth authorization flows with third-party services
+        - Payment and subscription flows
+        - Any interaction where data should not pass through the LLM context
+
+        The response indicates whether the user consented to navigate to the URL.
+        The actual interaction happens out-of-band. When the elicitation completes,
+        call `ctx.session.send_elicit_complete(elicitation_id)` to notify the client.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Human-readable explanation of why the interaction is needed
+            url: The URL the user should navigate to
+            elicitation_id: Unique identifier for tracking this elicitation
+
+        Returns:
+            UrlElicitationResult indicating accept, decline, or cancel
+        """
+        return await elicit_url(
+            session=self.request_context.session,
+            message=message,
+            url=url,
+            elicitation_id=elicitation_id,
+            related_request_id=self.request_id,
+        )
+
+    async def log(
+        self,
+        level: Literal["debug", "info", "warning", "error"],
+        message: str,
+        *,
+        logger_name: str | None = None,
+        extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Send a log message to the client.
+
+        Args:
+            level: Log level (debug, info, warning, error)
+            message: Log message
+            logger_name: Optional logger name
+            extra: Optional dictionary with additional structured data to include
+        """
+
+        if extra:
+            log_data = {"message": message, **extra}
+        else:
+            log_data = message
+
+        await self.request_context.session.send_log_message(
+            level=level,
+            data=log_data,
+            logger=logger_name,
+            related_request_id=self.request_id,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def client_id(self) -> str | None:
+        """Get the client ID if available."""
+        return self.request_context.meta.get("client_id") if self.request_context.meta else None  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @property
+    def request_id(self) -> str:
+        """Get the unique ID for this request."""
+        return str(self.request_context.request_id)
+
+    @property
+    def session(self):
+        """Access to the underlying session for advanced usage."""
+        return self.request_context.session
+
+    async def close_sse_stream(self) -> None:
+        """Close the SSE stream to trigger client reconnection.
+
+        This method closes the HTTP connection for the current request, triggering
+        client reconnection. Events continue to be stored in the event store and will
+        be replayed when the client reconnects with Last-Event-ID.
+
+        Use this to implement polling behavior during long-running operations -
+        the client will reconnect after the retry interval specified in the priming event.
+
+        Note:
+            This is a no-op if not using StreamableHTTP transport with event_store.
+            The callback is only available when event_store is configured.
+        """
+        if self._request_context and self._request_context.close_sse_stream:  # pragma: no cover
+            await self._request_context.close_sse_stream()
+
+    async def close_standalone_sse_stream(self) -> None:
+        """Close the standalone GET SSE stream to trigger client reconnection.
+
+        This method closes the HTTP connection for the standalone GET stream used
+        for unsolicited server-to-client notifications. The client SHOULD reconnect
+        with Last-Event-ID to resume receiving notifications.
+
+        Note:
+            This is a no-op if not using StreamableHTTP transport with event_store.
+            Currently, client reconnection for standalone GET streams is NOT
+            implemented - this is a known gap.
+        """
+        if self._request_context and self._request_context.close_standalone_sse_stream:  # pragma: no cover
+            await self._request_context.close_standalone_sse_stream()
+
+    # Convenience methods for common log levels
+    async def debug(self, message: str, *, logger_name: str | None = None, extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        """Send a debug log message."""
+        await self.log("debug", message, logger_name=logger_name, extra=extra)
+
+    async def info(self, message: str, *, logger_name: str | None = None, extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        """Send an info log message."""
+        await self.log("info", message, logger_name=logger_name, extra=extra)
+
+    async def warning(
+        self, message: str, *, logger_name: str | None = None, extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Send a warning log message."""
+        await self.log("warning", message, logger_name=logger_name, extra=extra)
+
+    async def error(self, message: str, *, logger_name: str | None = None, extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        """Send an error log message."""
+        await self.log("error", message, logger_name=logger_name, extra=extra)

src/mcp/server/mcpserver/prompts/base.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from mcp.server.context import LifespanContextT, RequestT
-    from mcp.server.mcpserver.server import Context
+    from mcp.server.mcpserver.context import Context
 
 
 class Message(BaseModel):
@@ -135,10 +135,14 @@ def from_function(
 
     async def render(
         self,
-        arguments: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        context: Context[LifespanContextT, RequestT] | None = None,
+        arguments: dict[str, Any] | None,
+        context: Context[LifespanContextT, RequestT],
     ) -> list[Message]:
-        """Render the prompt with arguments."""
+        """Render the prompt with arguments.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If required arguments are missing, or if rendering fails.
+        """
         # Validate required arguments
         if self.arguments:
             required = {arg.name for arg in self.arguments if arg.required}