Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
Added README and LICENSE file
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
  • Loading branch information
milosgajdos committed Jan 8, 2017
1 parent f1bf7c9 commit 9065d83
Show file tree
Hide file tree
Showing 11 changed files with 320 additions and 10 deletions.
18 changes: 18 additions & 0 deletions .travis.yml
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
language: go
go:
- 1.6
- 1.7

install:
- go get github.com/gonum/matrix/mat64
- go get github.com/stretchr/testify/assert

before_script:
- go get github.com/golang/lint

script:
- make test
- make build

after_success:
- bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
201 changes: 201 additions & 0 deletions LICENSE
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

1. Definitions.

"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.

"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.

"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.

"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.

"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).

"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."

"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.

2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.

3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.

4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:

(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and

(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and

(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.

You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.

5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.

6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.

7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.

To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
identification within third-party archives.

Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner}

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
5 changes: 3 additions & 2 deletions Makefile
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
EXDIR=example
BINARY=gopfield
BUILD=go build
CLEAN=go clean
INSTALL=go install
BUILDPATH=./_build
PACKAGES=$(shell go list ./... | grep -v /vendor/)
PACKAGES=$(shell go list ./... | grep -vE /vendor/)

build: builddir
$(BUILD) -v -o $(BUILDPATH)/gopfield
$(BUILD) -v -o $(BUILDPATH)/gopfield example/main.go

all: builddir build

Expand Down
92 changes: 91 additions & 1 deletion README.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,2 +1,92 @@
# gopfield
Hopfield network in Go

[![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/milosgajdos83/gopfield?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/milosgajdos83/gopfield)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/:license-apache-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
[![Travis CI](https://travis-ci.org/milosgajdos83/gopfield.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/milosgajdos83/gopfield)
[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/milosgajdos83/gopfield)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/milosgajdos83/gopfield)
[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/milosgajdos83/gopfield/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/milosgajdos83/gopfield)

This project provides an implementation of [Hopfield network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopfield_network) in Go. It implements both [Hebbian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopfield_network#Hebbian_learning_rule_for_Hopfield_networks) and [Storkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopfield_network#The_Storkey_learning_rule) training algorithms. The goal is to provide a simple API to build Hopfield networks in `Go`.

# Get started

Get the source code:

```
$ go get -u github.com/milosgajdos83/gopfield
```

Run the tests:

```
$ make test
```

# Example

You can see an example program below. It first creates a Hopfield network pattern based on arbitrary data. The data is encoded into binary values of +1/-1 (see the documentation) using `Encode` function. It is then stored in the network and then restored.

```go
func main() {
pattern := hopfield.Encode([]float64{0.2, -12.4, 0.0, 3.4})
// Create new Hopfield Network and set its size to the length of pattern
n, err := hopfield.NewNet(len(pattern))
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nERROR: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
fmt.Println("Storing:", pattern)
// store patterns in Hopfield network
if err := n.Store([]hopfield.Pattern{pattern}, "hebbian"); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nERROR: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}

// restore image from Hopfield network
res, err := n.Restore(pattern, 20, 10)
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nERROR: %s\n", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
fmt.Println("Restored:", res)
}
```

If you run this program, you will see the pattern being reconstructed correctly:

```
$ go run main.go
Storing: [1 -1 -1 1]
Restored: [1 -1 -1 1]
```

You can find a more elaborate example in the `example` directory of the project. The example directory also contains a `patterns` subdirectory which contains two [MNIST](http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/) images: 0 and 4. These are stored in the network. The example program then picks image `4` and adds some random noise to it. Finally it tries to reconstruct it from the network. See below how to use the example program:

First you need to build it:

```
$ make build
```

If the build succeeds, you will find the built binary in `_build` directory of the project root. You can find out the cli options it provides:

```
$ _build/gopfield -h
```

Example run:

```
$ _build/gopfield -eqiters 40 -maxiters 100 -datadir ./example/patterns/ -output out.png -learning "storkey"
```

This will generate two files in directory: `noisy.png` and `out.png`.

`noisy.png` image displays the file that was attempted to be reconstructed from the network:

<img src="./example/noisy.png" alt="Corrupted image 4" width="200">


`out.png` image shows the reconstucted image:

<img src="./example/out.png" alt="Reconstructed image 4" width="200">
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions main.go → example/main.go
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ func parseCliFlags() error {
return nil
}

// ReadImage reads an image file in path and returns it as image.Image or fails with error
func ReadImage(path string) (image.Image, error) {
f, err := os.Open(path)
if err != nil {
Expand All @@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ func ReadImage(path string) (image.Image, error) {
return img, nil
}

// SaveImage saves img image in path or fails with error
func SaveImage(path string, img image.Image) error {
f, err := os.Create(path)
if err != nil {
Expand All @@ -91,14 +93,12 @@ func SaveImage(path string, img image.Image) error {

switch filepath.Ext(path) {
case "jpeg":
return jpeg.Encode(f, img, &jpeg.Options{100})
return jpeg.Encode(f, img, &jpeg.Options{Quality: 100})
case "png":
return png.Encode(f, img)
default:
return png.Encode(f, img)
}

return nil
return fmt.Errorf("Unsupported image format: %s\n", filepath.Ext(path))
}

func main() {
Expand Down
Binary file added example/noisy.png
Loading
Sorry, something went wrong. Reload?
Sorry, we cannot display this file.
Sorry, this file is invalid so it cannot be displayed.
File renamed without changes
File renamed without changes
Binary file added example/patterns/4.png
Loading
Sorry, something went wrong. Reload?
Sorry, we cannot display this file.
Sorry, this file is invalid so it cannot be displayed.
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion hopfield/network.go
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func NewNet(size int) (*Net, error) {

// allocate neurons slice and iitialize it
neurons := make([]*Neuron, size)
for i, _ := range neurons {
for i := range neurons {
neurons[i] = new(Neuron)
}
// allocate weights and bias matrices
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions hopfield/pattern.go
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func Encode(data []float64) Pattern {
}

// AddNoise adds random noise to pattern and returns it. Noise is added by flipping the sign of existing pattern value.
// It allows to specify the percentage of noise via pcnt paramter. AddNoise does not modify the pattern in place.
// It allows to specify the percentage of noise via pcnt parameter. AddNoise does not modify the pattern in place.
func AddNoise(p Pattern, pcnt int) Pattern {
np := make(Pattern, len(p))
copy(np, p)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func Image2Pattern(img image.Image) Pattern {
return Encode(pattern)
}

// Pattern2GrayImage turns passed in Hopfield network pattern to a lossy Gray scaled image from pattern.
// Pattern2Image turns passed in Hopfield network pattern to a lossy Gray scaled image from pattern.
// Data to pixel transformation is lossy: non-positive elements are transformed to 0, otherwise 255
func Pattern2Image(p Pattern, r image.Rectangle) image.Image {
// pix is a slice that contains pixels
Expand Down

0 comments on commit 9065d83

Please sign in to comment.