Abstract physical and virtual memory allocation

[m-mueller678]

This PR introduces an API to abstract allocation and deallocation in KERNEL_FREE_LIST and PHYSICAL_FREE_LIST. Changes are intended to be a pure refactoring with no changes in behaviour. Abstracting the free lists makes it easier to replace them with concurrent data structures in the future.

This is part of the plan laid out in #1993.
This implementation is based on #1991.

[github-actions]

Benchmark Results

Benchmark	Current: 7cc0128	Previous: c98578c	Performance Ratio
startup_benchmark Build Time	112.91 s	112.25 s	1.01
startup_benchmark File Size	0.91 MB	0.89 MB	1.02
Startup Time - 1 core	0.88 s (±0.04 s)	0.90 s (±0.03 s)	0.98
Startup Time - 2 cores	0.88 s (±0.04 s)	0.90 s (±0.03 s)	0.98
Startup Time - 4 cores	0.91 s (±0.04 s)	0.91 s (±0.03 s)	1.01
multithreaded_benchmark Build Time	114.75 s	110.14 s	1.04
multithreaded_benchmark File Size	1.01 MB	1.00 MB	1.01
Multithreaded Pi Efficiency - 2 Threads	85.62 % (±8.76 %)	92.81 % (±5.78 %)	0.92
Multithreaded Pi Efficiency - 4 Threads	43.56 % (±3.63 %)	45.41 % (±2.15 %)	0.96
Multithreaded Pi Efficiency - 8 Threads	24.83 % (±1.58 %)	25.87 % (±0.96 %)	0.96
micro_benchmarks Build Time	114.35 s	120.17 s	0.95
micro_benchmarks File Size	1.01 MB	1.00 MB	1.01
Scheduling time - 1 thread	71.47 ticks (±4.50 ticks)	74.49 ticks (±4.52 ticks)	0.96
Scheduling time - 2 threads	41.13 ticks (±5.49 ticks)	40.83 ticks (±3.64 ticks)	1.01
Micro - Time for syscall (getpid)	3.24 ticks (±0.44 ticks)	4.23 ticks (±0.55 ticks)	0.77
Memcpy speed - (built_in) block size 4096	65446.59 MByte/s (±47131.02 MByte/s)	60953.02 MByte/s (±43546.15 MByte/s)	1.07
Memcpy speed - (built_in) block size 1048576	29549.15 MByte/s (±24315.32 MByte/s)	28671.28 MByte/s (±23808.71 MByte/s)	1.03
Memcpy speed - (built_in) block size 16777216	25238.39 MByte/s (±21228.37 MByte/s)	21629.65 MByte/s (±18202.58 MByte/s)	1.17
Memset speed - (built_in) block size 4096	66323.21 MByte/s (±47619.65 MByte/s)	61354.19 MByte/s (±43777.21 MByte/s)	1.08
Memset speed - (built_in) block size 1048576	30346.00 MByte/s (±24750.06 MByte/s)	29512.24 MByte/s (±24319.97 MByte/s)	1.03
Memset speed - (built_in) block size 16777216	26023.87 MByte/s (±21730.74 MByte/s)	22292.68 MByte/s (±18645.03 MByte/s)	1.17
Memcpy speed - (rust) block size 4096	59799.65 MByte/s (±43764.69 MByte/s)	56885.86 MByte/s (±41858.13 MByte/s)	1.05
Memcpy speed - (rust) block size 1048576	29170.79 MByte/s (±24054.14 MByte/s)	28476.97 MByte/s (±23846.47 MByte/s)	1.02
Memcpy speed - (rust) block size 16777216	24119.18 MByte/s (±20211.84 MByte/s)	23424.95 MByte/s (±19786.13 MByte/s)	1.03
Memset speed - (rust) block size 4096	60876.58 MByte/s (±44503.53 MByte/s)	57746.63 MByte/s (±42387.57 MByte/s)	1.05
Memset speed - (rust) block size 1048576	29945.13 MByte/s (±24508.26 MByte/s)	29279.25 MByte/s (±24297.01 MByte/s)	1.02
Memset speed - (rust) block size 16777216	24888.79 MByte/s (±20729.22 MByte/s)	24162.64 MByte/s (±20274.04 MByte/s)	1.03
alloc_benchmarks Build Time	106.56 s	116.82 s	0.91
alloc_benchmarks File Size	0.97 MB	0.95 MB	1.02
Allocations - Allocation success	100.00 %	100.00 %	1
Allocations - Deallocation success	69.94 % (±0.23 %)	69.95 % (±0.24 %)	1.00
Allocations - Pre-fail Allocations	100.00 %	100.00 %	1
Allocations - Average Allocation time	10368.03 Ticks (±149.73 Ticks)	10358.23 Ticks (±157.44 Ticks)	1.00
Allocations - Average Allocation time (no fail)	10368.03 Ticks (±149.73 Ticks)	10358.23 Ticks (±157.44 Ticks)	1.00
Allocations - Average Deallocation time	907.56 Ticks (±233.34 Ticks)	894.39 Ticks (±206.54 Ticks)	1.01
mutex_benchmark Build Time	105.86 s	111.85 s	0.95
mutex_benchmark File Size	1.01 MB	1.01 MB	1.01
Mutex Stress Test Average Time per Iteration - 1 Threads	12.56 ns (±0.78 ns)	13.24 ns (±0.62 ns)	0.95
Mutex Stress Test Average Time per Iteration - 2 Threads	13.32 ns (±1.12 ns)	14.44 ns (±1.04 ns)	0.92

This comment was automatically generated by workflow using github-action-benchmark.

[mkroening]

I really like extracting an abstraction for this! This is essentially reverting #1828, though. I don't think free-standing functions are a good fit here.

A while ago, I also started working on adding back an allocator-like abstraction. Let's discuss that once I have rebased and completed it (maybe later today, possibly later this week). :)