all: Add automatic deferred action support for unknown provider confi…

…guration (#1335)

* update plugin-go

* quick implementation of automatic deferral (no opt-in currently)

* add opt-in logic with ResourceBehavior

* update naming on exported structs/fields

* add data source tests

* add readresource tests

* refactor planresourcechange tests

* remove configure from tests

* add new PlanResourceChange RPC tests

* update import logic + add tests for ImportResourceState

* update sdkv2 to match new protocol changes + pass deferral allowed to configureprovider

* update terraform-plugin-go

* update plugin-go

* name changes + doc updates + remove duplicate diags

* add logging

* error message update

* pkg doc updates

* add changelogs

* add copywrite header

* go mod tidy :)

* replace TODO comment on import

* replace if check for deferralAllowed

* replace logging key with a constant

* use the proper error returning method for test assertions

* add experimental verbiage

* DeferredResponse -> Deferred

.changes/unreleased/FEATURES-20240506-152018.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: FEATURES
+body: 'helper/schema: Added `(Provider).ConfigureProvider` function for configuring
+  providers that support additional features, such as deferred actions.'
+time: 2024-05-06T15:20:18.393505-04:00
+custom:
+  Issue: "1335"

.changes/unreleased/FEATURES-20240506-152135.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: FEATURES
+body: 'helper/schema: Added `(Resource).ResourceBehavior` to allow additional control
+  over deferred action behavior during plan modification.'
+time: 2024-05-06T15:21:35.304825-04:00
+custom:
+  Issue: "1335"

.changes/unreleased/NOTES-20240509-134945.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+kind: NOTES
+body: This release contains support for deferred actions, which is an experimental
+  feature only available in prerelease builds of Terraform 1.9 and later. This functionality
+  is subject to change and is not protected by version compatibility guarantees.
+time: 2024-05-09T13:49:45.38523-04:00
+custom:
+  Issue: "1335"

helper/schema/deferred.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+package schema
+
+// MAINTAINER NOTE: Only PROVIDER_CONFIG_UNKNOWN (enum value 2 in the plugin-protocol) is relevant
+// for SDKv2. Since (Deferred).Reason is mapped directly to the plugin-protocol,
+// the other enum values are intentionally omitted here.
+const (
+	// DeferredReasonUnknown is used to indicate an invalid `DeferredReason`.
+	// Provider developers should not use it.
+	DeferredReasonUnknown DeferredReason = 0
+
+	// DeferredReasonProviderConfigUnknown represents a deferred reason caused
+	// by unknown provider configuration.
+	DeferredReasonProviderConfigUnknown DeferredReason = 2
+)
+
+// Deferred is used to indicate to Terraform that a resource or data source is not able
+// to be applied yet and should be skipped (deferred). After completing an apply that has deferred actions,
+// the practitioner can then execute additional plan and apply “rounds” to eventually reach convergence
+// where there are no remaining deferred actions.
+//
+// NOTE: This functionality is related to deferred action support, which is currently experimental and is subject
+// to change or break without warning. It is not protected by version compatibility guarantees.
+type Deferred struct {
+	// Reason represents the deferred reason.
+	Reason DeferredReason
+}
+
+// DeferredReason represents different reasons for deferring a change.
+//
+// NOTE: This functionality is related to deferred action support, which is currently experimental and is subject
+// to change or break without warning. It is not protected by version compatibility guarantees.
+type DeferredReason int32
+
+func (d DeferredReason) String() string {
+	switch d {
+	case 0:
+		return "Unknown"
+	case 2:
+		return "Provider Config Unknown"
+	}
+	return "Unknown"
+}

helper/schema/grpc_provider.go

@@ -607,12 +607,37 @@ func (s *GRPCProviderServer) ConfigureProvider(ctx context.Context, req *tfproto
 	// request scoped contexts, however this is a large undertaking for very large providers.
 	ctxHack := context.WithValue(ctx, StopContextKey, s.StopContext(context.Background()))
 
+	// NOTE: This is a hack to pass the deferral_allowed field from the Terraform client to the
+	// underlying (provider).Configure function, which cannot be changed because the function
+	// signature is public. (╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
+	s.provider.deferralAllowed = configureDeferralAllowed(req.ClientCapabilities)
+
 	logging.HelperSchemaTrace(ctx, "Calling downstream")
 	diags := s.provider.Configure(ctxHack, config)
 	logging.HelperSchemaTrace(ctx, "Called downstream")
 
 	resp.Diagnostics = convert.AppendProtoDiag(ctx, resp.Diagnostics, diags)
 
+	if s.provider.providerDeferred != nil {
+		// Check if a deferred response was incorrectly set on the provider. This would cause an error during later RPCs.
+		if !s.provider.deferralAllowed {
+			resp.Diagnostics = append(resp.Diagnostics, &tfprotov5.Diagnostic{
+				Severity: tfprotov5.DiagnosticSeverityError,
+				Summary:  "Invalid Deferred Provider Response",
+				Detail: "Provider configured a deferred response for all resources and data sources but the Terraform request " +
+					"did not indicate support for deferred actions. This is an issue with the provider and should be reported to the provider developers.",
+			})
+		} else {
+			logging.HelperSchemaDebug(
+				ctx,
+				"Provider has configured a deferred response, all associated resources and data sources will automatically return a deferred response.",
+				map[string]interface{}{
+					logging.KeyDeferredReason: s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason.String(),
+				},
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
@@ -632,6 +657,22 @@ func (s *GRPCProviderServer) ReadResource(ctx context.Context, req *tfprotov5.Re
 	}
 	schemaBlock := s.getResourceSchemaBlock(req.TypeName)
 
+	if s.provider.providerDeferred != nil {
+		logging.HelperSchemaDebug(
+			ctx,
+			"Provider has deferred response configured, automatically returning deferred response.",
+			map[string]interface{}{
+				logging.KeyDeferredReason: s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason.String(),
+			},
+		)
+
+		resp.NewState = req.CurrentState
+		resp.Deferred = &tfprotov5.Deferred{
+			Reason: tfprotov5.DeferredReason(s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason),
+		}
+		return resp, nil
+	}
+
 	stateVal, err := msgpack.Unmarshal(req.CurrentState.MsgPack, schemaBlock.ImpliedType())
 	if err != nil {
 		resp.Diagnostics = convert.AppendProtoDiag(ctx, resp.Diagnostics, err)
@@ -731,6 +772,25 @@ func (s *GRPCProviderServer) PlanResourceChange(ctx context.Context, req *tfprot
 		resp.UnsafeToUseLegacyTypeSystem = true
 	}
 
+	// Provider deferred response is present and the resource hasn't opted-in to CustomizeDiff being called, return early
+	// with proposed new state as a best effort for PlannedState.
+	if s.provider.providerDeferred != nil && !res.ResourceBehavior.ProviderDeferred.EnablePlanModification {
+		logging.HelperSchemaDebug(
+			ctx,
+			"Provider has deferred response configured, automatically returning deferred response.",
+			map[string]interface{}{
+				logging.KeyDeferredReason: s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason.String(),
+			},
+		)
+
+		resp.PlannedState = req.ProposedNewState
+		resp.PlannedPrivate = req.PriorPrivate
+		resp.Deferred = &tfprotov5.Deferred{
+			Reason: tfprotov5.DeferredReason(s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason),
+		}
+		return resp, nil
+	}
+
 	priorStateVal, err := msgpack.Unmarshal(req.PriorState.MsgPack, schemaBlock.ImpliedType())
 	if err != nil {
 		resp.Diagnostics = convert.AppendProtoDiag(ctx, resp.Diagnostics, err)
@@ -951,6 +1011,21 @@ func (s *GRPCProviderServer) PlanResourceChange(ctx context.Context, req *tfprot
 		resp.RequiresReplace = append(resp.RequiresReplace, pathToAttributePath(p))
 	}
 
+	// Provider deferred response is present, add the deferred response alongside the provider-modified plan
+	if s.provider.providerDeferred != nil {
+		logging.HelperSchemaDebug(
+			ctx,
+			"Provider has deferred response configured, returning deferred response with modified plan.",
+			map[string]interface{}{
+				logging.KeyDeferredReason: s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason.String(),
+			},
+		)
+
+		resp.Deferred = &tfprotov5.Deferred{
+			Reason: tfprotov5.DeferredReason(s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason),
+		}
+	}
+
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
@@ -1145,6 +1220,48 @@ func (s *GRPCProviderServer) ImportResourceState(ctx context.Context, req *tfpro
 		Type: req.TypeName,
 	}
 
+	if s.provider.providerDeferred != nil {
+		logging.HelperSchemaDebug(
+			ctx,
+			"Provider has deferred response configured, automatically returning deferred response.",
+			map[string]interface{}{
+				logging.KeyDeferredReason: s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason.String(),
+			},
+		)
+
+		// The logic for ensuring the resource type is supported by this provider is inside of (provider).ImportState
+		// We need to check to ensure the resource type is supported before using the schema
+		_, ok := s.provider.ResourcesMap[req.TypeName]
+		if !ok {
+			resp.Diagnostics = convert.AppendProtoDiag(ctx, resp.Diagnostics, fmt.Errorf("unknown resource type: %s", req.TypeName))
+			return resp, nil
+		}
+
+		// Since we are automatically deferring, send back an unknown value for the imported object
+		schemaBlock := s.getResourceSchemaBlock(req.TypeName)
+		unknownVal := cty.UnknownVal(schemaBlock.ImpliedType())
+		unknownStateMp, err := msgpack.Marshal(unknownVal, schemaBlock.ImpliedType())
+		if err != nil {
+			resp.Diagnostics = convert.AppendProtoDiag(ctx, resp.Diagnostics, err)
+			return resp, nil
+		}
+
+		resp.ImportedResources = []*tfprotov5.ImportedResource{
+			{
+				TypeName: req.TypeName,
+				State: &tfprotov5.DynamicValue{
+					MsgPack: unknownStateMp,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		resp.Deferred = &tfprotov5.Deferred{
+			Reason: tfprotov5.DeferredReason(s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason),
+		}
+
+		return resp, nil
+	}
+
 	newInstanceStates, err := s.provider.ImportState(ctx, info, req.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		resp.Diagnostics = convert.AppendProtoDiag(ctx, resp.Diagnostics, err)
@@ -1254,6 +1371,32 @@ func (s *GRPCProviderServer) ReadDataSource(ctx context.Context, req *tfprotov5.
 
 	schemaBlock := s.getDatasourceSchemaBlock(req.TypeName)
 
+	if s.provider.providerDeferred != nil {
+		logging.HelperSchemaDebug(
+			ctx,
+			"Provider has deferred response configured, automatically returning deferred response.",
+			map[string]interface{}{
+				logging.KeyDeferredReason: s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason.String(),
+			},
+		)
+
+		// Send an unknown value for the data source
+		unknownVal := cty.UnknownVal(schemaBlock.ImpliedType())
+		unknownStateMp, err := msgpack.Marshal(unknownVal, schemaBlock.ImpliedType())
+		if err != nil {
+			resp.Diagnostics = convert.AppendProtoDiag(ctx, resp.Diagnostics, err)
+			return resp, nil
+		}
+
+		resp.State = &tfprotov5.DynamicValue{
+			MsgPack: unknownStateMp,
+		}
+		resp.Deferred = &tfprotov5.Deferred{
+			Reason: tfprotov5.DeferredReason(s.provider.providerDeferred.Reason),
+		}
+		return resp, nil
+	}
+
 	configVal, err := msgpack.Unmarshal(req.Config.MsgPack, schemaBlock.ImpliedType())
 	if err != nil {
 		resp.Diagnostics = convert.AppendProtoDiag(ctx, resp.Diagnostics, err)
@@ -1674,3 +1817,14 @@ func validateConfigNulls(ctx context.Context, v cty.Value, path cty.Path) []*tfp
 
 	return diags
 }
+
+// Helper function that check a ConfigureProviderClientCapabilities struct to determine if a deferred response can be
+// returned to the Terraform client. If no ConfigureProviderClientCapabilities have been passed from the client, then false
+// is returned.
+func configureDeferralAllowed(in *tfprotov5.ConfigureProviderClientCapabilities) bool {
+	if in == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return in.DeferralAllowed
+}