Generalize logger for MerklePatriciaTrie

[scorbajio]

This change looks into making logger usage more modular. I am starting with just the MPT package and changing the MerklePatriciaTrie class to allow passing in a general logger as an opt. A console.log-based logger class is provided and can be used as a lightweight and secure default. Many different loggers, like debug, winston, and others like pino can be used through the general logger interface.

[scorbajio]

Bundle size can be tested using a program like this:

import { MerklePatriciaTrie } from '@ethereumjs/mpt'

import debug from 'debug'
const debugF = debug('mpt:#')
const l = {
  debug: (message, ...meta) => {
    let log = debugF
    for (const name of meta) {
      log = log.extend(name)
    }
    log(message)
  }
}
const t = new MerklePatriciaTrie({logger: l})

// const t = new MerklePatriciaTrie()

for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
  t.put(new Uint8Array(i), new Uint8Array(i))
}
console.log(t.root())

Bundle size:

before: 202.5kb
after: 186.6kb

About %8 smaller when the debug logger is omitted

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 62.50000% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.23%. Comparing base (a4c0393) to head (812776a).
Report is 6 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

Flag	Coverage Δ
block	∅ <ø> (∅)
blockchain	∅ <ø> (∅)
client	?
common	∅ <ø> (∅)
devp2p	∅ <ø> (∅)
evm	∅ <ø> (∅)
genesis	∅ <ø> (∅)
mpt	∅ <62.50%> (∅)
rlp	∅ <ø> (∅)
statemanager	∅ <ø> (∅)
tx	∅ <ø> (∅)
util	∅ <ø> (∅)
vm	∅ <ø> (∅)
wallet	∅ <ø> (?)

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[scorbajio]

Closing and continuing in #3923.