C library: model asprintf, test {v,}asprintf

[tautschnig]

asprintf can be modelled by via the existing vasprintf. Make sure both are covered by tests.

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 79.65%. Comparing base (e7520d0) to head (34fd782).
Report is 2 commits behind head on develop.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop    #8237   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage    79.65%   79.65%           
========================================
  Files         1683     1683           
  Lines       195553   195553           
========================================
  Hits        155776   155776           
  Misses       39777    39777           

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