(feat) Type Inference Constraints

[AlSchlo]

quick overview

This PR is the first step to type inference. Specifically:

1. Extracts all type annotations (explicit and implicit) during the initial from_ast conversion type. All other types that cannot be directly inferred are assigned a strictly monotonic unknown_id.
2. During scope checking, we also generate type constraints, which I added in a Solver struct.
3. Some bug fixes in the HIR.

No real new tests, as it makes more sense to test inference as a whole feature later on.

next steps

Writing the solver is the next logical step. More details coming in subsequent PRs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 77.90850% with 338 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.9%. Comparing base (07f8873) to head (47f6880).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/type_infer/generate.rs	66.4%	227 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/cli/main.rs	0.0%	41 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/types.rs	93.7%	28 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/compile.rs	0.0%	20 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/type_infer/solver.rs	60.0%	16 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/expr.rs	95.0%	4 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/registry_check/adt_check.rs	96.4%	1 Missing ⚠️
...td-dsl/src/analyzer/registry_check/cycle_detect.rs	0.0%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/context.rs	89.0% <ø> (ø)
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/errors.rs	29.6% <ø> (ø)
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/converter.rs	98.5% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/pattern.rs	94.1% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/types.rs	96.1% <100.0%> (+0.5%)	⬆️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/hir.rs	76.7% <100.0%> (-2.5%)	⬇️
optd-dsl/src/engine/eval/core.rs	98.9% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
optd-dsl/src/engine/eval/expr.rs	98.3% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
optd-dsl/src/engine/eval/match.rs	99.3% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
optd-dsl/src/engine/mod.rs	64.5% <100.0%> (ø)
... and 17 more

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