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Update disaster types
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@emmanuelmathot
emmanuelmathot committed May 16, 2024
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43 changes: 25 additions & 18 deletions README.md
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- **Extension [Maturity Classification](https://github.com/radiantearth/stac-spec/tree/master/extensions/README.md#extension-maturity):** Proposal
- **Owner**: @emmanuelmathot

This document explains the Disasters Charter Extension to the
This document explains the Disasters Charter Extension to the
[SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog](https://github.com/radiantearth/stac-spec) (STAC) specification.

![The International Charter Space and Major Disasters](images/charter_logo.png)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -95,22 +95,29 @@ The fields in the table below can be used in these parts of STAC documents:
The `disaster:types` is the commonly used category name to classify the type of disaster.
Here is the list of accepted types:

| Disaster Type | Description |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `cyclone` | Tropical [cyclones](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/cyclones) are weather phenomena which form over the Indian and south Pacific Oceans ocean through the release of energy generated by evaporation and saturation of water on the ocean's surface. |
| `earthquake` | [Earthquakes](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/earthquakes) occur following the release of energy when tectonic plates move apart. These plates move in currents in the Earth's lithosphere and the edges, which have been mapped to fault lines, sometimes collide. |
| `fire` | [Wildfires](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/fires) occur when vegetated areas are set alight and are particularly common during hot and dry periods. They can occur in forests, grasslands, brush and deserts, and with sufficient wind can rapidly spread. |
| `flood_large` | Large [Flooding](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/floods) occurs when bodies of water flow onto land that is normally dry over a period of days on a large area. |
| `flood_flash` | Flash [Floods](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/floods) occurs when storms bring large quantities of precipitation in a matter of minutes. |
| `ice` | [Ice](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/ice) on the surface of water or in compacted snow makes for treacherous conditions and can result in injuries if people slip and fall. Water sources may freeze, cutting off access for residents to clean water or heat. |
| `snow_hazard` | [Snow Hazard](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/ice) occurs when temperatures drop below the freezing point, and there is sufficient water in clouds. Snow storms can quickly cause disruption to inhabited areas if the ground temperature is cold enough for the snow to settle. |
| `tsunami` | Tsunamis are seismic [sea waves](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/ocean-wave) and typically occur as a result of underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. |
| `landslide` | [Landslides](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/landslides) occur when ground on slopes becomes unstable. The unstable ground collapses and flows down the side of a hill or mountain, and can consist of earth, rocks, mud and any debris which may be caught in its wake. |
| `storm_hurricane_rural` | Tropical [cyclones](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/cyclones) are weather phenomena which form over the Atlantic and northeast Pacific Oceans through the release of energy generated by evaporation and saturation of water on the ocean's surface. This category affecting urban or rural area. |
| `storm_hurricane_urban` | Tropical [cyclones](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/cyclones) are weather phenomena which form over the Atlantic and northeast Pacific Oceans through the release of energy generated by evaporation and saturation of water on the ocean's surface. They are categorized affecting urban or rural area. |
| `oil_spill` | [Oil spills](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/oil-spills) occur when petroleum oil is released into the ocean following accidents, such as vessels crashing or damage and problems with oil platforms and drilling. |
| `volcano` | [Volcanoes](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/volcanoes) are points in the Earth's crust which have ruptured, allowing lava, ash, rocks and gas to erupt during periods of seismic activity. |
| `other` | In addition to the most common forms of natural disasters, there are [other types](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/other) of disasters which may benefit from satellite observations. |
| Disaster Type | Description |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `cyclone` | Tropical [cyclones](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/cyclones) are weather phenomena which form over the Indian and south Pacific Oceans ocean through the release of energy generated by evaporation and saturation of water on the ocean's surface. |
| `earthquake` | [Earthquakes](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/earthquakes) occur following the release of energy when tectonic plates move apart. These plates move in currents in the Earth's lithosphere and the edges, which have been mapped to fault lines, sometimes collide. |
| `fire` | [Wildfires](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/fires) occur when vegetated areas are set alight and are particularly common during hot and dry periods. They can occur in forests, grasslands, brush and deserts, and with sufficient wind can rapidly spread. |
| `flood` | Large [Flooding](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/floods) occurs when bodies of water flow onto land that is normally dry. |
| `ice` | [Ice](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/ice) on the surface of water or in compacted snow makes for treacherous conditions and can result in injuries if people slip and fall. Water sources may freeze, cutting off access for residents to clean water or heat. |
| `snow_hazard` | [Snow Hazard](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/ice) occurs when temperatures drop below the freezing point, and there is sufficient water in clouds. Snow storms can quickly cause disruption to inhabited areas if the ground temperature is cold enough for the snow to settle. |
| `tsunami` | Tsunamis are seismic [sea waves](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/ocean-wave) and typically occur as a result of underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. |
| `landslide` | [Landslides](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/landslides) occur when ground on slopes becomes unstable. The unstable ground collapses and flows down the side of a hill or mountain, and can consist of earth, rocks, mud and any debris which may be caught in its wake. |
| `storm_hurricane` | Tropical [cyclones](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/cyclones) are weather phenomena which form over the Atlantic and northeast Pacific Oceans through the release of energy generated by evaporation and saturation of water on the ocean's surface. |
| `oil_spill` | [Oil spills](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/oil-spills) occur when petroleum oil is released into the ocean following accidents, such as vessels crashing or damage and problems with oil platforms and drilling. |
| `volcano` | [Volcanoes](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/volcanoes) are points in the Earth's crust which have ruptured, allowing lava, ash, rocks and gas to erupt during periods of seismic activity. |
| `explosive_event` | [Explosive Events](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/explosive-events) are sudden and violent releases of energy, which can be caused by a number of factors, including human error, natural disasters, or deliberate acts. |
| `other` | In addition to the most common forms of natural disasters, there are [other types](https://disasterscharter.org/web/guest/disaster-types/-/article/other) of disasters which may benefit from satellite observations. |

> \[!IMPORTANT]
>
> Some previously applicable types have been deprecated and must be replaced by the new ones:
>
> - `flood_large` and `flash_flood` are **deprecated** and must be replaced by `flood`.
> - `storm_hurricane_rural` and `storm_hurricane_urban` are **deprecated** and must be replaced by `storm_hurricane`.
>
#### disaster:class

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -153,7 +160,7 @@ The following specifications are relevant here:
| sensor_type | string | The sensor type. One of `optical` or `radar` |
| eo:cloud_cover | number | Cloud cover as defined in the EO extension. |

**Additional REQUIRED fields per `disaster:class`:**
**Additional REQUIRED fields according to the `disaster:class`:**

| Field Name | activation | area | acquisition | vap |
| -------------- | ---------- | ---- | ------------------- | ------------------- |
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59 changes: 41 additions & 18 deletions json-schema/schema.json
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"disaster:types": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string",
"enum": [
"flood",
"fire",
"earthquake",
"volcano",
"storm_hurricane_rural",
"storm_hurricane_urban",
"flood_large",
"flood_flash",
"cyclone",
"tsunami",
"snow_hazard",
"landslide",
"ice",
"oil_spill",
"other"
"anyOf": [
{
"type": "string",
"enum": [
"flood",
"fire",
"earthquake",
"volcano",
"storm_hurricane_rural",
"storm_hurricane_urban",
"flood_large",
"flood_flash",
"cyclone",
"tsunami",
"snow_hazard",
"landslide",
"ice",
"oil_spill",
"other"
],
"deprecated": true
},
{
"type": "string",
"enum": [
"fire",
"earthquake",
"volcano",
"storm_hurricane",
"flood",
"cyclone",
"tsunami",
"snow_hazard",
"landslide",
"ice",
"oil_spill",
"explosive_event",
"other"
]
}
]
}
},
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -219,7 +242,7 @@
"HR",
"VHR"
]
}
}
},
"patternProperties": {
"^(?!disaster:)": {
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion package.json
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
{
"name": "stac-extensions",
"version": "1.0.0",
"version": "1.2.0",
"scripts": {
"test": "npm run check-markdown && npm run check-examples",
"check-markdown": "remark . -f -r .github/remark.yaml",
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