Best practices

✅ Use Declarative YAML (not kubectl run)

Define everything as code (Deployment, Service, Ingress, PVC, etc.).

Use Git to version-control your YAML files (GitOps style).

✅ Prefer Deployments over Pods

Deployments manage rolling updates and restarts automatically.

Pods alone don’t self-heal or scale.

✅ Use Liveness and Readiness Probes

Readiness: When the app is ready to accept traffic.

Liveness: When the app needs a restart (e.g. stuck).

livenessProbe:
  httpGet:
    path: /healthz
    port: 8080
  initialDelaySeconds: 10
  periodSeconds: 5

✅ Use ConfigMaps and Secrets

ConfigMaps: Non-sensitive config like feature flags, environment variables.

Secrets: API keys, passwords (base64-encoded, but ideally use external secret managers too).

✅ Don’t bake secrets into images or hardcode configs.

✅ Run containers as non-root

securityContext:
  runAsUser: 1000
  runAsNonRoot: true

✅ Use RBAC

Give minimum permissions needed (principle of least privilege).

Use roles per namespace and service accounts per workload.

✅ Network Policies

Control which pods can talk to which — like firewalls for pods.

podSelector:
  matchLabels:
    role: frontend

✅ Use Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA)

minReplicas: 2
maxReplicas: 10
metrics:
- type: Resource
  resource:
    name: cpu
    targetAverageUtilization: 70

✅ Spread workloads across Availability Zones

Use topologySpreadConstraints or multiple node groups.

✅ Use Readiness Gates with external systems (optional)

If your app depends on an external service, don’t mark it ready until it's usable.

✅ Centralize logs (don’t kubectl logs everything)

Use tools like:

Fluentd/Fluent Bit → Elasticsearch + Kibana (EFK)

Loki + Grafana

Cloud-native logging like CloudWatch or Stackdriver

✅ Use Prometheus + Grafana

For metrics, alerts, and dashboards.

✅ Set Resource Requests and Limits

Without them, your app can hog CPU/memory or be evicted.

resources:
  requests:
    cpu: "250m"
    memory: "512Mi"
  limits:
    cpu: "500m"
    memory: "1Gi"

✅ Use small base images (Alpine, Distroless)

Reduces image size and attack surface.

✅ Tag images uniquely (v1.0.2 not latest)

Helps in rolling back and avoiding caching issues.

✅ Use CI/CD pipelines (e.g., GitHub Actions, ArgoCD, Flux)

Automate testing, building, and deploying.

✅Use Namespaces to isolate environments (dev, staging, prod).

✅Enable PodDisruptionBudgets (PDBs) to prevent all pods from being evicted during upgrades.