Improve CI Efficiency

[akarki2005]

Proposed Changes

This change seeks to improve the average-case runtime of the CI config in two ways:

1. Run parallel jobs when resolving dependencies to reduce worst-case CI runtime.
2. Use partial dependency caching to reduce the probability of worst-case CI runs occuring (see https://circleci.com/docs/guides/optimize/caching-strategy/ for details).

Type of Change

(Write an X or a brief description next to the type or types that best describe your changes.)

Type	Applies?
🚨 Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
✨ New feature (non-breaking change that adds functionality)
🐛 Bug fix (non-breaking change that fixes an issue)
🎨 User interface change (change to user interface; provide screenshots)
♻️ Refactoring (internal change to codebase, without changing functionality)
🚦 Test update (change that only adds or modifies tests)
📦 Dependency update (change that updates a dependency)
🔧 Internal (change that only affects developers or continuous integration)	X

Checklist

(Complete each of the following items for your pull request. Indicate that you have completed an item by changing the [ ] into a [x] in the raw text, or by clicking on the checkbox in the rendered description on GitHub.)

Before opening your pull request:

• I have performed a self-review of my changes.
  • Check that all changed files included in this pull request are intentional changes.
  • Check that all changes are relevant to the purpose of this pull request, as described above.
• [N/A] I have added tests for my changes, if applicable.
  • This is required for all bug fixes and new features.
• [N/A] I have updated the project documentation, if applicable.
  • This is required for new features.
• [N/A] If this is my first contribution, I have added myself to the list of contributors.
• I have updated the project Changelog (this is required for all changes).

After opening your pull request:

• I have verified that the CircleCI checks have passed.
• I have requested a review from a project maintainer.

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build f425b128-8ed9-4a1c-bb9e-21ab476395bb

Details

• 0 of 0 changed or added relevant lines in 0 files are covered.
• No unchanged relevant lines lost coverage.
• Overall coverage remained the same at 55.118%

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Totals
Change from base Build fdb1c6a7-8b88-4dd3-976b-f6f137ab0bc3:	0.0%
Covered Lines:	2217
Relevant Lines:	3948

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💛 - Coveralls