Fuzz fail (#1097)

fix failing fuzz case involving binary string with a '\x' in it.

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

fuzz/cli11_app_fuzz.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
 
     try {
         if(pstring_start > 0) {
-            app->parse(parseString.substr(pstring_start, std::string::npos));
+            app->parse(parseString.substr(pstring_start));
         } else {
             app->parse(parseString);
         }

include/CLI/impl/Config_inl.hpp

@@ -542,8 +542,9 @@ ConfigBase::to_config(const App *app, bool default_also, bool write_description,
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                std::string value = detail::ini_join(
-                    opt->reduced_results(), arraySeparator, arrayStart, arrayEnd, stringQuote, literalQuote);
+                auto results = opt->reduced_results();
+                std::string value =
+                    detail::ini_join(results, arraySeparator, arrayStart, arrayEnd, stringQuote, literalQuote);
 
                 bool isDefault = false;
                 if(value.empty() && default_also) {
@@ -560,7 +561,16 @@ ConfigBase::to_config(const App *app, bool default_also, bool write_description,
                 }
 
                 if(!value.empty()) {
-
+                    if(opt->get_expected_max() > 1 && detail::is_binary_escaped_string(value) && results.size() == 1 &&
+                       !results[0].empty()) {
+                        if(results[0].front() == '[' && results[0].back() == ']') {
+                            // this is a condition which could be misinterpreted
+                            results[0].insert(0, 1, results[0].front());
+                            results[0].push_back(results[0].back());
+                            value = detail::ini_join(
+                                results, arraySeparator, arrayStart, arrayEnd, stringQuote, literalQuote);
+                        }
+                    }
                     if(!opt->get_fnames().empty()) {
                         try {
                             value = opt->get_flag_value(single_name, value);

include/CLI/impl/Option_inl.hpp

@@ -665,13 +665,20 @@ CLI11_INLINE int Option::_add_result(std::string &&result, std::vector<std::stri
     if((allow_extra_args_ || get_expected_max() > 1) && !result.empty() && result.front() == '[' &&
        result.back() == ']') {  // this is now a vector string likely from the default or user entry
         result.pop_back();
-
-        for(auto &var : CLI::detail::split_up(result.substr(1), ',')) {
+        result.erase(result.begin());
+        bool skipSection{false};
+        for(auto &var : CLI::detail::split_up(result, ',')) {
+            if(var == result) {
+                skipSection = true;
+                break;
+            }
             if(!var.empty()) {
                 result_count += _add_result(std::move(var), res);
             }
         }
-        return result_count;
+        if(!skipSection) {
+            return result_count;
+        }
     }
     if(delimiter_ == '\0') {
         res.push_back(std::move(result));

include/CLI/impl/StringTools_inl.hpp

@@ -433,6 +433,13 @@ CLI11_INLINE std::string binary_escape_string(const std::string &string_to_escap
             stream << std::hex << static_cast<unsigned int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c));
             std::string code = stream.str();
             escaped_string += std::string("\\x") + (code.size() < 2 ? "0" : "") + code;
+        } else if(c == 'x' || c == 'X') {
+            // need to check for inadvertent binary sequences
+            if(!escaped_string.empty() && escaped_string.back() == '\\') {
+                escaped_string += std::string("\\x") + (c == 'x' ? "78" : "58");
+            } else {
+                escaped_string.push_back(c);
+            }
 
         } else {
             escaped_string.push_back(c);

tests/FuzzFailTest.cpp

@@ -260,3 +260,33 @@ TEST_CASE("fuzz_config_test1") {
     CHECK(app->get_option_no_throw("--new_flag") != nullptr);
     CHECK(app->get_option_no_throw("--new_vector") != nullptr);
 }
+
+// this test uses the same tests as above just with a full roundtrip test
+TEST_CASE("app_roundtrip_custom") {
+    CLI::FuzzApp fuzzdata;
+    CLI::FuzzApp fuzzdata2;
+    auto app = fuzzdata.generateApp();
+    auto app2 = fuzzdata2.generateApp();
+    int index = GENERATE(range(1, 3));
+    std::string optionString, flagString;
+    auto parseData = loadFailureFile("round_trip_custom", index);
+    std::size_t pstring_start{0};
+    pstring_start = fuzzdata.add_custom_options(app.get(), parseData);
+
+    if(pstring_start > 0) {
+        app->parse(parseData.substr(pstring_start));
+    } else {
+        app->parse(parseData);
+    }
+
+    // should be able to write the config to a file and read from it again
+    std::string configOut = app->config_to_str();
+    app->clear();
+    std::stringstream out(configOut);
+    if(pstring_start > 0) {
+        fuzzdata2.add_custom_options(app2.get(), parseData);
+    }
+    app2->parse_from_stream(out);
+    auto result = fuzzdata2.compare(fuzzdata);
+    CHECK(result);
+}

tests/HelpersTest.cpp

@@ -301,6 +301,42 @@ TEST_CASE("StringTools: binaryEscapseConversion2", "[helpers]") {
     CHECK(rstring == testString);
 }
 
+TEST_CASE("StringTools: binaryEscapseConversion_withX", "[helpers]") {
+    std::string testString("hippy\\x35mm\\XF3_helpX26fox19");
+    testString.push_back(0);
+    testString.push_back(0);
+    testString.push_back(0);
+    testString.push_back(56);
+    testString.push_back(-112);
+    testString.push_back(-112);
+    testString.push_back(39);
+    testString.push_back(97);
+    std::string estring = CLI::detail::binary_escape_string(testString);
+    CHECK(CLI::detail::is_binary_escaped_string(estring));
+    std::string rstring = CLI::detail::extract_binary_string(estring);
+    CHECK(rstring == testString);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("StringTools: binaryEscapseConversion_withBrackets", "[helpers]") {
+
+    std::string vstr = R"raw('B"([\xb0\x0a\xb0/\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0\xb0])"')raw";
+    std::string testString("[");
+    testString.push_back(-80);
+    testString.push_back('\n');
+    testString.push_back(-80);
+    testString.push_back('/');
+    for(int ii = 0; ii < 13; ++ii) {
+        testString.push_back(-80);
+    }
+    testString.push_back(']');
+
+    std::string estring = CLI::detail::binary_escape_string(testString);
+    CHECK(CLI::detail::is_binary_escaped_string(estring));
+    CHECK(estring == vstr);
+    std::string rstring = CLI::detail::extract_binary_string(estring);
+    CHECK(rstring == testString);
+}
+
 TEST_CASE("StringTools: binaryStrings", "[helpers]") {
     std::string rstring = "B\"()\"";
     CHECK(CLI::detail::extract_binary_string(rstring).empty());

tests/fuzzFail/round_trip_custom2

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+--vM=[��/�������������]