diff --git a/.ipynb_checkpoints/_DIFFICULT_PROBLEMS-checkpoint.ipynb b/.ipynb_checkpoints/_DIFFICULT_PROBLEMS-checkpoint.ipynb
index 6fc2914..c332b6b 100644
--- a/.ipynb_checkpoints/_DIFFICULT_PROBLEMS-checkpoint.ipynb
+++ b/.ipynb_checkpoints/_DIFFICULT_PROBLEMS-checkpoint.ipynb
@@ -10,16 +10,89 @@
"## Partial Fraction Decomposition\n",
"1) $$\\int \\frac{x+20}{x^2+26x+173} dx$$\n",
"\n",
+ "__Step 1): Complete the Square__ (Denominator)
\n",
+ "The denominator is an _irreducible quadratic expression—it cannot be factored._\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Therefore, to make it more \"pliable,\" complete the square:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$Ax^2+Bx+C \\space = \\space Ax^2+Bx+\\left(\\frac{B}{2}\\right)^2+C-\\left(\\frac{B}{2}\\right)^2 \\\\ \\\\$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$x^2+26x+173 \\space = \\space x^2+26x+\\left(\\frac{26}{2}\\right)^2+173-\\left(\\frac{26}{2}\\right)^2 \\\\ \\\\$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$x^2+26x+173 \\space = \\space (x^2+26x+169)+173-169 \\\\ \\\\ $$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$x^2+26x+173 \\space = \\space (x+13)^2+4 \\\\ \\\\ $$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "__Step 2): Split the integrand into multiple integrals and integrate using appropriate techniques__
\n",
+ "Completing the square will help in a later step, but it made sense to get it out of the way, first.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Now, split the integrand by splitting up the rational function:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$\\int \\frac{x+20}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\space = \\space \\int \\frac{x+13}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\quad + \\quad \\int \\frac{7}{x^2+26x+173}dx$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "__Step 3): Integrate, one integral at a time__
\n",
+ "The first integral can be integrated using the __Substitution Rule.__\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\\text{Integral 1:} \\quad \\int \\frac{x+13}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\space = \\space \\frac{1}{2} \\int \\frac{2(x+13)}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\\\ \\\\\n",
+ "= \\frac{1}{2} \\int \\frac{2x+26}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\\\ \\\\\n",
+ "= \\frac{1}{2} \\ln(x^2+26x+173) + C \\quad \\tiny\\text{Note: normally, the argument to the} \\space \\textbf{natural log function} \\space \\text{must be placed within an} \\space \\textbf{absolute value sign,} \\\\ \\tiny\\text{but} \\space x^2+26x+173 \\space \\text{cannot be negative, so the absolute value sign is unnecessary.}\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$ \\\\\n",
+ "\\text{Integral 2:} \\quad \\int \\frac{7}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\space = \\space 7\\int \\frac{1}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\\\ \\\\\n",
+ "= 7 \\int \\frac{1}{(x+13)^2+4} dx\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\\tiny\\text{The most appropriate integration technique for this integral will be} \\space \\textbf{Trigonometric Substitution.} \\\\\n",
+ "\\implies \\text{Let} \\space u = 2\\tan\\theta \\\\\n",
+ "\\implies \\quad du = 2\\sec^2\\theta d\\theta \\\\ \n",
+ "\\implies \\quad \\tan\\theta = \\frac{u}{2} \\\\\n",
+ "\\implies \\quad \\theta = \\arctan\\left(\\frac{u}{2}\\right)\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\\implies \\quad 7 \\int \\frac{1}{(x+13)^2+4} dx \\quad = \\quad 7 \\int \\frac{2\\sec^2\\theta}{(2\\tan\\theta)^2+4} d\\theta \n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\implies 7 \\int \\frac{2\\sec^2\\theta}{4\\tan^2\\theta+4} d\\theta \\quad = \\quad 7 \\int \\frac{2\\sec^2\\theta}{4(\\tan^2\\theta+1} d\\theta\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\implies 7 \\int \\frac{2\\sec^2\\theta}{4\\sec^2\\theta} d\\theta\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\implies 7 \\int \\frac{1}{2} d\\theta\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\implies \\frac{7}{2}\\theta + C \\quad \\tiny\\text{Now, do the back substitution using the value for} \\space \\theta \\space \\tiny\\text{and for} \\space u \\space \\tiny\\text{found previously.}\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\ \n",
+ "\\theta = \\arctan\\left(\\frac{u}{2}\\right) \\quad \\implies \\quad \\frac{7}{2}\\theta + C \\space = \\space \\frac{7}{2}\\arctan\\left(\\frac{x+13}{2}\\right) + C\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "__Step 4): Combine__
\n",
+ "Combine the two antiderivatives to form the final solution.\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\int \\frac{x+20}{x^2+26x+173} dx = \\frac{1}{2}\\ln(x^2+26x+173) + \\frac{7}{2}\\arctan\\left(\\frac{x+13}{2}\\right) + C\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\small \\text{Done!}\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "
\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "
\n",
+ "\n",
"2) $$\\int \\frac{x^3+36}{x^2+36} dx$$"
]
},
{
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
- "outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
diff --git a/_DIFFICULT_PROBLEMS.ipynb b/_DIFFICULT_PROBLEMS.ipynb
index 6fc2914..c332b6b 100644
--- a/_DIFFICULT_PROBLEMS.ipynb
+++ b/_DIFFICULT_PROBLEMS.ipynb
@@ -10,16 +10,89 @@
"## Partial Fraction Decomposition\n",
"1) $$\\int \\frac{x+20}{x^2+26x+173} dx$$\n",
"\n",
+ "__Step 1): Complete the Square__ (Denominator)
\n",
+ "The denominator is an _irreducible quadratic expression—it cannot be factored._\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Therefore, to make it more \"pliable,\" complete the square:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$Ax^2+Bx+C \\space = \\space Ax^2+Bx+\\left(\\frac{B}{2}\\right)^2+C-\\left(\\frac{B}{2}\\right)^2 \\\\ \\\\$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$x^2+26x+173 \\space = \\space x^2+26x+\\left(\\frac{26}{2}\\right)^2+173-\\left(\\frac{26}{2}\\right)^2 \\\\ \\\\$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$x^2+26x+173 \\space = \\space (x^2+26x+169)+173-169 \\\\ \\\\ $$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$x^2+26x+173 \\space = \\space (x+13)^2+4 \\\\ \\\\ $$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "__Step 2): Split the integrand into multiple integrals and integrate using appropriate techniques__
\n",
+ "Completing the square will help in a later step, but it made sense to get it out of the way, first.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Now, split the integrand by splitting up the rational function:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$\\int \\frac{x+20}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\space = \\space \\int \\frac{x+13}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\quad + \\quad \\int \\frac{7}{x^2+26x+173}dx$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "__Step 3): Integrate, one integral at a time__
\n",
+ "The first integral can be integrated using the __Substitution Rule.__\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\\text{Integral 1:} \\quad \\int \\frac{x+13}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\space = \\space \\frac{1}{2} \\int \\frac{2(x+13)}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\\\ \\\\\n",
+ "= \\frac{1}{2} \\int \\frac{2x+26}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\\\ \\\\\n",
+ "= \\frac{1}{2} \\ln(x^2+26x+173) + C \\quad \\tiny\\text{Note: normally, the argument to the} \\space \\textbf{natural log function} \\space \\text{must be placed within an} \\space \\textbf{absolute value sign,} \\\\ \\tiny\\text{but} \\space x^2+26x+173 \\space \\text{cannot be negative, so the absolute value sign is unnecessary.}\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$ \\\\\n",
+ "\\text{Integral 2:} \\quad \\int \\frac{7}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\space = \\space 7\\int \\frac{1}{x^2+26x+173} dx \\\\ \\\\\n",
+ "= 7 \\int \\frac{1}{(x+13)^2+4} dx\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\\tiny\\text{The most appropriate integration technique for this integral will be} \\space \\textbf{Trigonometric Substitution.} \\\\\n",
+ "\\implies \\text{Let} \\space u = 2\\tan\\theta \\\\\n",
+ "\\implies \\quad du = 2\\sec^2\\theta d\\theta \\\\ \n",
+ "\\implies \\quad \\tan\\theta = \\frac{u}{2} \\\\\n",
+ "\\implies \\quad \\theta = \\arctan\\left(\\frac{u}{2}\\right)\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\\implies \\quad 7 \\int \\frac{1}{(x+13)^2+4} dx \\quad = \\quad 7 \\int \\frac{2\\sec^2\\theta}{(2\\tan\\theta)^2+4} d\\theta \n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\implies 7 \\int \\frac{2\\sec^2\\theta}{4\\tan^2\\theta+4} d\\theta \\quad = \\quad 7 \\int \\frac{2\\sec^2\\theta}{4(\\tan^2\\theta+1} d\\theta\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\implies 7 \\int \\frac{2\\sec^2\\theta}{4\\sec^2\\theta} d\\theta\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\implies 7 \\int \\frac{1}{2} d\\theta\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\implies \\frac{7}{2}\\theta + C \\quad \\tiny\\text{Now, do the back substitution using the value for} \\space \\theta \\space \\tiny\\text{and for} \\space u \\space \\tiny\\text{found previously.}\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\ \n",
+ "\\theta = \\arctan\\left(\\frac{u}{2}\\right) \\quad \\implies \\quad \\frac{7}{2}\\theta + C \\space = \\space \\frac{7}{2}\\arctan\\left(\\frac{x+13}{2}\\right) + C\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "__Step 4): Combine__
\n",
+ "Combine the two antiderivatives to form the final solution.\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\int \\frac{x+20}{x^2+26x+173} dx = \\frac{1}{2}\\ln(x^2+26x+173) + \\frac{7}{2}\\arctan\\left(\\frac{x+13}{2}\\right) + C\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\\\\n",
+ "\\small \\text{Done!}\n",
+ "$$\n",
+ "\n",
+ "
\n",
+ "---\n",
+ "
\n",
+ "\n",
"2) $$\\int \\frac{x^3+36}{x^2+36} dx$$"
]
},
{
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
- "outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],