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| 1 | +# ServiceLifecycle Lambda with PostgreSQL |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +This example demonstrates a Swift Lambda function that uses ServiceLifecycle to manage a PostgreSQL connection. The function connects to a publicly accessible RDS PostgreSQL database and queries user data. |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +## Architecture |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +- **Swift Lambda Function**: Uses ServiceLifecycle to manage PostgreSQL client lifecycle |
| 8 | +- **PostgreSQL RDS**: Publicly accessible database instance |
| 9 | +- **API Gateway**: HTTP endpoint to invoke the Lambda function |
| 10 | +- **VPC**: Custom VPC with public subnets for RDS and Lambda |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +## Prerequisites |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +- Swift 6.x toolchain |
| 15 | +- Docker (for building Lambda functions) |
| 16 | +- AWS CLI configured with appropriate permissions |
| 17 | +- SAM CLI installed |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +## Database Schema |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +The Lambda function expects a `users` table with the following structure: |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +```sql |
| 24 | +CREATE TABLE users ( |
| 25 | + id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, |
| 26 | + username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL |
| 27 | +); |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +-- Insert some sample data |
| 30 | +INSERT INTO users (username) VALUES ('alice'), ('bob'), ('charlie'); |
| 31 | +``` |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +## Deployment |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +### Option 1: Using the deployment script |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | +```bash |
| 38 | +./deploy.sh |
| 39 | +``` |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +### Option 2: Manual deployment |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +1. **Build the Lambda function:** |
| 44 | + ```bash |
| 45 | + swift package archive --allow-network-connections docker |
| 46 | + ``` |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +2. **Deploy with SAM:** |
| 49 | + ```bash |
| 50 | + sam deploy |
| 51 | + ``` |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | +### Option 3: Deploy with custom parameters |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +```bash |
| 56 | +sam deploy --parameter-overrides \ |
| 57 | + DBUsername=myuser \ |
| 58 | + DBPassword=MySecurePassword123! \ |
| 59 | + DBName=mydatabase |
| 60 | +``` |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +## Getting Connection Details |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | +After deployment, get the database connection details: |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +```bash |
| 67 | +aws cloudformation describe-stacks \ |
| 68 | + --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack \ |
| 69 | + --query 'Stacks[0].Outputs' |
| 70 | +``` |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +The output will include: |
| 73 | +- **DatabaseEndpoint**: Hostname to connect to |
| 74 | +- **DatabasePort**: Port number (5432) |
| 75 | +- **DatabaseName**: Database name |
| 76 | +- **DatabaseUsername**: Username |
| 77 | +- **DatabasePassword**: Password |
| 78 | +- **DatabaseConnectionString**: Complete connection string |
| 79 | + |
| 80 | +## Connecting to the Database |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +### Using psql |
| 83 | + |
| 84 | +```bash |
| 85 | +# Get the connection details from CloudFormation outputs |
| 86 | +DB_HOST=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack --query 'Stacks[0].Outputs[?OutputKey==`DatabaseEndpoint`].OutputValue' --output text) |
| 87 | +DB_USER=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack --query 'Stacks[0].Outputs[?OutputKey==`DatabaseUsername`].OutputValue' --output text) |
| 88 | +DB_NAME=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack --query 'Stacks[0].Outputs[?OutputKey==`DatabaseName`].OutputValue' --output text) |
| 89 | +DB_PASSWORD=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack --query 'Stacks[0].Outputs[?OutputKey==`DatabasePassword`].OutputValue' --output text) |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +# Connect with psql |
| 92 | +psql -h $DB_HOST -U $DB_USER -d $DB_NAME |
| 93 | +``` |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +### Using connection string |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +```bash |
| 98 | +# Get the complete connection string |
| 99 | +CONNECTION_STRING=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack --query 'Stacks[0].Outputs[?OutputKey==`DatabaseConnectionString`].OutputValue' --output text) |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +# Connect with psql |
| 102 | +psql "$CONNECTION_STRING" |
| 103 | +``` |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +## Setting up the Database |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +Once connected to the database, create the required table and sample data: |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +```sql |
| 110 | +-- Create the users table |
| 111 | +CREATE TABLE users ( |
| 112 | + id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, |
| 113 | + username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL |
| 114 | +); |
| 115 | + |
| 116 | +-- Insert sample data |
| 117 | +INSERT INTO users (username) VALUES |
| 118 | + ('alice'), |
| 119 | + ('bob'), |
| 120 | + ('charlie'), |
| 121 | + ('diana'), |
| 122 | + ('eve'); |
| 123 | +``` |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | +## Testing the Lambda Function |
| 126 | + |
| 127 | +Get the API Gateway endpoint and test the function: |
| 128 | + |
| 129 | +```bash |
| 130 | +# Get the API endpoint |
| 131 | +API_ENDPOINT=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack --query 'Stacks[0].Outputs[?OutputKey==`APIGatewayEndpoint`].OutputValue' --output text) |
| 132 | + |
| 133 | +# Test the function |
| 134 | +curl "$API_ENDPOINT" |
| 135 | +``` |
| 136 | + |
| 137 | +The function will: |
| 138 | +1. Connect to the PostgreSQL database |
| 139 | +2. Query the `users` table |
| 140 | +3. Log the results |
| 141 | +4. Return "Done" |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | +## Monitoring |
| 144 | + |
| 145 | +Check the Lambda function logs: |
| 146 | + |
| 147 | +```bash |
| 148 | +sam logs -n ServiceLifecycleLambda --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack --tail |
| 149 | +``` |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | +## Security Considerations |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +⚠️ **Important**: This example creates a publicly accessible PostgreSQL database for demonstration purposes. In production: |
| 154 | + |
| 155 | +1. **Use private subnets** and VPC endpoints |
| 156 | +2. **Implement proper authentication** (IAM database authentication) |
| 157 | +3. **Use AWS Secrets Manager** for password management |
| 158 | +4. **Enable encryption** at rest and in transit |
| 159 | +5. **Configure proper security groups** with minimal required access |
| 160 | +6. **Enable database logging** and monitoring |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +## Cost Optimization |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | +The template uses: |
| 165 | +- `db.t3.micro` instance (eligible for free tier) |
| 166 | +- Minimal storage allocation (20GB) |
| 167 | +- No Multi-AZ deployment |
| 168 | +- No automated backups |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | +For production workloads, adjust these settings based on your requirements. |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | +## Cleanup |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +To delete all resources: |
| 175 | + |
| 176 | +```bash |
| 177 | +sam delete --stack-name servicelifecycle-stack |
| 178 | +``` |
| 179 | + |
| 180 | +## Troubleshooting |
| 181 | + |
| 182 | +### Lambda can't connect to database |
| 183 | + |
| 184 | +1. Check security groups allow traffic on port 5432 |
| 185 | +2. Verify the database is publicly accessible |
| 186 | +3. Check VPC configuration and routing |
| 187 | +4. Verify database credentials in environment variables |
| 188 | + |
| 189 | +### Database connection timeout |
| 190 | + |
| 191 | +The PostgreSQL client may hang if the database is unreachable. This is a known issue with PostgresNIO. Ensure: |
| 192 | +1. Database is running and accessible |
| 193 | +2. Security groups are properly configured |
| 194 | +3. Network connectivity is available |
| 195 | + |
| 196 | +### Build failures |
| 197 | + |
| 198 | +Ensure you have: |
| 199 | +1. Swift 6.x toolchain installed |
| 200 | +2. Docker running |
| 201 | +3. Proper network connectivity for downloading dependencies |
| 202 | + |
| 203 | +## Files |
| 204 | + |
| 205 | +- `template.yaml`: SAM template defining all AWS resources |
| 206 | +- `samconfig.toml`: SAM configuration file |
| 207 | +- `deploy.sh`: Deployment script |
| 208 | +- `Sources/Lambda.swift`: Swift Lambda function code |
| 209 | +- `Sources/RootRDSCert.swift`: RDS root certificate for SSL connections |
| 210 | +- `Package.swift`: Swift package definition |
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