Add es_os_refresh env var to refresh index, ensure refresh passed via kwargs (#370)

**Related Issue(s):**

- #315 

**Description:**

- Introduced the `DATABASE_REFRESH` environment variable to control
whether database operations refresh the index immediately after changes.
If set to `true`, changes will be immediately searchable. If set to
`false`, changes may not be immediately visible but can improve
performance for bulk operations. If set to `wait_for`, changes will wait
for the next refresh cycle to become visible.
- Refactored CRUD methods in `TransactionsClient` to use the
`_resolve_refresh` helper method for consistent and reusable handling of
the `refresh` parameter.
- Fixed an issue where some routes were not passing the `refresh`
parameter from `kwargs` to the database logic, ensuring consistent
behavior across all CRUD operations.

**PR Checklist:**

- [x] Code is formatted and linted (run `pre-commit run --all-files`)
- [x] Tests pass (run `make test`)
- [x] Documentation has been updated to reflect changes, if applicable
- [x] Changes are added to the changelog

Author: jonhealy1

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -10,11 +10,16 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.
 ### Added
 
 - Added configurable landing page ID `STAC_FASTAPI_LANDING_PAGE_ID` [#352](https://github.com/stac-utils/stac-fastapi-elasticsearch-opensearch/pull/352)
+- Introduced the `DATABASE_REFRESH` environment variable to control whether database operations refresh the index immediately after changes. If set to `true`, changes will be immediately searchable. If set to `false`, changes may not be immediately visible but can improve performance for bulk operations. If set to `wait_for`, changes will wait for the next refresh cycle to become visible. [#370](https://github.com/stac-utils/stac-fastapi-elasticsearch-opensearch/pull/370)
 
 ### Changed
 
+- Refactored CRUD methods in `TransactionsClient` to use the `validate_refresh` helper method for consistent and reusable handling of the `refresh` parameter. [#370](https://github.com/stac-utils/stac-fastapi-elasticsearch-opensearch/pull/370)
+
 ### Fixed
 
+- Fixed an issue where some routes were not passing the `refresh` parameter from `kwargs` to the database logic, ensuring consistent behavior across all CRUD operations. [#370](https://github.com/stac-utils/stac-fastapi-elasticsearch-opensearch/pull/370)
+
 ## [v4.1.0] - 2025-05-09
 
 ### Added

README.md

@@ -112,10 +112,11 @@ You can customize additional settings in your `.env` file:
 | `RELOAD`                     | Enable auto-reload for development.                                                  | `true`                   | Optional                                                                                    |
 | `STAC_FASTAPI_RATE_LIMIT`    | API rate limit per client.                                                           | `200/minute`             | Optional                                                                                    |
 | `BACKEND`                    | Tests-related variable                                                               | `elasticsearch` or `opensearch` based on the backend | Optional                                                                                    |
-| `ELASTICSEARCH_VERSION`          | Version of Elasticsearch to use.                                                         | `8.11.0`                      | Optional                                                                                    |
-| `ENABLE_DIRECT_RESPONSE`         | Enable direct response for maximum performance (disables all FastAPI dependencies, including authentication, custom status codes, and validation) | `false`                  | Optional                                                                                    |
+| `ELASTICSEARCH_VERSION`          | Version of Elasticsearch to use.                                                         | `8.11.0`                      | Optional                                                                                    |                                                                             |
 | `OPENSEARCH_VERSION`         | OpenSearch version                                                                   | `2.11.1`                 | Optional       
-| `RAISE_ON_BULK_ERROR`         | Controls whether bulk insert operations raise exceptions on errors. If set to `true`, the operation will stop and raise an exception when an error occurs. If set to `false`, errors will be logged, and the operation will continue. **Note:** STAC Item and ItemCollection validation errors will always raise, regardless of this flag. | `false`                  | Optional                                                                                |
+| `ENABLE_DIRECT_RESPONSE`         | Enable direct response for maximum performance (disables all FastAPI dependencies, including authentication, custom status codes, and validation) | `false`                  | Optional       
+| `RAISE_ON_BULK_ERROR`         | Controls whether bulk insert operations raise exceptions on errors. If set to `true`, the operation will stop and raise an exception when an error occurs. If set to `false`, errors will be logged, and the operation will continue. **Note:** STAC Item and ItemCollection validation errors will always raise, regardless of this flag. | `false`             Optional                                                                                |
+| `DATABASE_REFRESH`              | Controls whether database operations refresh the index immediately after changes. If set to `true`, changes will be immediately searchable. If set to `false`, changes may not be immediately visible but can improve performance for bulk operations. If set to `wait_for`, changes will wait for the next refresh cycle to become visible. | `false`                  | Optional |
 
 > [!NOTE]
 > The variables `ES_HOST`, `ES_PORT`, `ES_USE_SSL`, and `ES_VERIFY_CERTS` apply to both Elasticsearch and OpenSearch backends, so there is no need to rename the key names to `OS_` even if you're using OpenSearch.

stac_fastapi/core/stac_fastapi/core/core.py

@@ -712,10 +712,11 @@ async def create_item(
                 for feature in features
             ]
             attempted = len(processed_items)
+
             success, errors = await self.database.bulk_async(
-                collection_id,
-                processed_items,
-                refresh=kwargs.get("refresh", False),
+                collection_id=collection_id,
+                processed_items=processed_items,
+                **kwargs,
             )
             if errors:
                 logger.error(
@@ -729,10 +730,7 @@ async def create_item(
 
         # Handle single item
         await self.database.create_item(
-            item_dict,
-            refresh=kwargs.get("refresh", False),
-            base_url=base_url,
-            exist_ok=False,
+            item_dict, base_url=base_url, exist_ok=False, **kwargs
         )
         return ItemSerializer.db_to_stac(item_dict, base_url)
 
@@ -757,11 +755,12 @@ async def update_item(
         """
         item = item.model_dump(mode="json")
         base_url = str(kwargs["request"].base_url)
+
         now = datetime_type.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
         item["properties"]["updated"] = now
 
         await self.database.create_item(
-            item, refresh=kwargs.get("refresh", False), base_url=base_url, exist_ok=True
+            item, base_url=base_url, exist_ok=True, **kwargs
         )
 
         return ItemSerializer.db_to_stac(item, base_url)
@@ -777,7 +776,9 @@ async def delete_item(self, item_id: str, collection_id: str, **kwargs) -> None:
         Returns:
             None: Returns 204 No Content on successful deletion
         """
-        await self.database.delete_item(item_id=item_id, collection_id=collection_id)
+        await self.database.delete_item(
+            item_id=item_id, collection_id=collection_id, **kwargs
+        )
         return None
 
     @overrides
@@ -798,8 +799,9 @@ async def create_collection(
         """
         collection = collection.model_dump(mode="json")
         request = kwargs["request"]
+
         collection = self.database.collection_serializer.stac_to_db(collection, request)
-        await self.database.create_collection(collection=collection)
+        await self.database.create_collection(collection=collection, **kwargs)
         return CollectionSerializer.db_to_stac(
             collection,
             request,
@@ -835,7 +837,7 @@ async def update_collection(
 
         collection = self.database.collection_serializer.stac_to_db(collection, request)
         await self.database.update_collection(
-            collection_id=collection_id, collection=collection
+            collection_id=collection_id, collection=collection, **kwargs
         )
 
         return CollectionSerializer.db_to_stac(
@@ -860,7 +862,7 @@ async def delete_collection(self, collection_id: str, **kwargs) -> None:
         Raises:
             NotFoundError: If the collection doesn't exist
         """
-        await self.database.delete_collection(collection_id=collection_id)
+        await self.database.delete_collection(collection_id=collection_id, **kwargs)
         return None
 
 
@@ -937,7 +939,7 @@ def bulk_item_insert(
         success, errors = self.database.bulk_sync(
             collection_id,
             processed_items,
-            refresh=kwargs.get("refresh", False),
+            **kwargs,
         )
         if errors:
             logger.error(f"Bulk sync operation encountered errors: {errors}")

stac_fastapi/core/stac_fastapi/core/utilities.py

@@ -12,20 +12,75 @@
 MAX_LIMIT = 10000
 
 
-def get_bool_env(name: str, default: bool = False) -> bool:
+def validate_refresh(value: Union[str, bool]) -> str:
+    """
+    Validate the `refresh` parameter value.
+
+    Args:
+        value (Union[str, bool]): The `refresh` parameter value, which can be a string or a boolean.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: The validated value of the `refresh` parameter, which can be "true", "false", or "wait_for".
+    """
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # Handle boolean-like values using get_bool_env
+    if isinstance(value, bool) or value in {
+        "true",
+        "false",
+        "1",
+        "0",
+        "yes",
+        "no",
+        "y",
+        "n",
+    }:
+        is_true = get_bool_env("DATABASE_REFRESH", default=value)
+        return "true" if is_true else "false"
+
+    # Normalize to lowercase for case-insensitivity
+    value = value.lower()
+
+    # Handle "wait_for" explicitly
+    if value == "wait_for":
+        return "wait_for"
+
+    # Log a warning for invalid values and default to "false"
+    logger.warning(
+        f"Invalid value for `refresh`: '{value}'. Expected 'true', 'false', or 'wait_for'. Defaulting to 'false'."
+    )
+    return "false"
+
+
+def get_bool_env(name: str, default: Union[bool, str] = False) -> bool:
     """
     Retrieve a boolean value from an environment variable.
 
     Args:
         name (str): The name of the environment variable.
-        default (bool, optional): The default value to use if the variable is not set or unrecognized. Defaults to False.
+        default (Union[bool, str], optional): The default value to use if the variable is not set or unrecognized. Defaults to False.
 
     Returns:
         bool: The boolean value parsed from the environment variable.
     """
-    value = os.getenv(name, str(default).lower())
     true_values = ("true", "1", "yes", "y")
     false_values = ("false", "0", "no", "n")
+
+    # Normalize the default value
+    if isinstance(default, bool):
+        default_str = "true" if default else "false"
+    elif isinstance(default, str):
+        default_str = default.lower()
+    else:
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        logger.warning(
+            f"The `default` parameter must be a boolean or string, got {type(default).__name__}. "
+            f"Falling back to `False`."
+        )
+        default_str = "false"
+
+    # Retrieve and normalize the environment variable value
+    value = os.getenv(name, default_str)
     if value.lower() in true_values:
         return True
     elif value.lower() in false_values:
@@ -34,9 +89,9 @@ def get_bool_env(name: str, default: bool = False) -> bool:
         logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
         logger.warning(
             f"Environment variable '{name}' has unrecognized value '{value}'. "
-            f"Expected one of {true_values + false_values}. Using default: {default}"
+            f"Expected one of {true_values + false_values}. Using default: {default_str}"
         )
-        return default
+        return default_str in true_values
 
 
 def bbox2polygon(b0: float, b1: float, b2: float, b3: float) -> List[List[List[float]]]:

stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/stac_fastapi/elasticsearch/config.py

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 import logging
 import os
 import ssl
-from typing import Any, Dict, Set
+from typing import Any, Dict, Set, Union
 
 import certifi
 from elasticsearch._async.client import AsyncElasticsearch
 
 from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 from stac_fastapi.core.base_settings import ApiBaseSettings
-from stac_fastapi.core.utilities import get_bool_env
+from stac_fastapi.core.utilities import get_bool_env, validate_refresh
 from stac_fastapi.types.config import ApiSettings
 
 
@@ -88,6 +88,17 @@ class ElasticsearchSettings(ApiSettings, ApiBaseSettings):
     enable_direct_response: bool = get_bool_env("ENABLE_DIRECT_RESPONSE", default=False)
     raise_on_bulk_error: bool = get_bool_env("RAISE_ON_BULK_ERROR", default=False)
 
+    @property
+    def database_refresh(self) -> Union[bool, str]:
+        """
+        Get the value of the DATABASE_REFRESH environment variable.
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[bool, str]: The value of DATABASE_REFRESH, which can be True, False, or "wait_for".
+        """
+        value = os.getenv("DATABASE_REFRESH", "false")
+        return validate_refresh(value)
+
     @property
     def create_client(self):
         """Create es client."""
@@ -109,6 +120,17 @@ class AsyncElasticsearchSettings(ApiSettings, ApiBaseSettings):
     enable_direct_response: bool = get_bool_env("ENABLE_DIRECT_RESPONSE", default=False)
     raise_on_bulk_error: bool = get_bool_env("RAISE_ON_BULK_ERROR", default=False)
 
+    @property
+    def database_refresh(self) -> Union[bool, str]:
+        """
+        Get the value of the DATABASE_REFRESH environment variable.
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[bool, str]: The value of DATABASE_REFRESH, which can be True, False, or "wait_for".
+        """
+        value = os.getenv("DATABASE_REFRESH", "false")
+        return validate_refresh(value)
+
     @property
     def create_client(self):
         """Create async elasticsearch client."""