Lesson 4: Compiling errors while trying to test print transaction (MacOS Catalina 10.15.7)

[JamiDEV]

import json
from web3 import Web3
from solcx import compile_standard, install_solc

install_solc("0.6.0")


with open("./SimpleStorage.sol", "r") as file:
    simple_storage_file = file.read()

compiled_sol = compile_standard(
    {
        "language": "Solidity",
        "sources": {"SimpleStorage.sol": {"content": simple_storage_file}},
        "settings": {
            "outputSelection": {
                "*": {"*": ["abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.sourceMap"]}
            }
        },
    },
)

with open("compiled_code.json", "w") as file:
    json.dump(compiled_sol, file)

# get bytecode
bytecode = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["evm"][
    "bytecode"
]
["object"]

# get abi
abi = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["abi"]

# connect to ganache

w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider("http://127.0.0.1:7545"))
chain_id = 5777
my_address = "0x321E3ed12C6a6DB0467f2402e051723C5f9a85F7"
private_key = "0x2387a4a564373b946aa24092dec2305ae3f4fdd414649bb82033323a21b72a64"

# create ganache contract

SimpleStorage = w3.eth.contract(abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)

# get latestest transaction
nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(my_address)
print(nonce)
# 1- build transaction
# 2- sign transaction
# 3- send transaction
transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
    {"chainId": chain_id, "from": my_address, "nonce": nonce}
)

print(transaction)

the snippet of what seems to be the issue, it points to line 44, which l highlighted in the second half of the error, but after comparing the code to what is posted all seems fine( code above). Not sure what I'm doing wrong here.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/eth_utils/applicators.py", line 84, in apply_formatters_to_dict
    yield key, formatters[key](item)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/_utils/normalizers.py", line 258, in normalize_bytecode
    bytecode = HexBytes(bytecode)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hexbytes/main.py", line 23, in __new__
    bytesval = to_bytes(val)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hexbytes/_utils.py", line 30, in to_bytes
    raise TypeError(f"Cannot convert {val!r} of type {type(val)} to bytes")

### A bunch of low-level code appears here  

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
`File "/Users/mymac/demos/web3_py_simple_storage/deploy.py", line 44, in <module> `
    SimpleStorage = w3.eth.contract(abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/eth.py", line 822, in contract
    ContractFactory = ContractFactoryClass.factory(self.web3, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/contract.py", line 361, in factory
    contract = cast(Contract, PropertyCheckingFactory(
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/_utils/datatypes.py", line 54, in __new__
    processed_namespace = apply_formatters_to_dict(
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/eth_utils/functional.py", line 45, in inner
    return callback(fn(*args, **kwargs))
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/eth_utils/applicators.py", line 95, in apply_formatters_to_dict
    raise TypeError(new_error_message) from exc
TypeError: Could not format invalid type of {'linkReferences': {}, 'object':

[PatrickAlphaC]

What was the command you used to have a ganache chain running locally on port 7545?

ALSO, PLEASE MAKE SURE THERE ARE NO "REAL" FUNDS ASSOCIATED WITH THAT PRIVATE KEY.

Odd suggestion... but maybe we could try on python 3.9...

[JamiDEV]

There are no real funds running, I can assure you that. I'm not sure I understand what you mean by commands to have a ganache chain run locally. Was there a command invovled?

I will try Python 3.9

[JamiDEV]

Update: it looks like my VPN was the culprit, I rebuilt the code from top to bottom and bypassed VS code. I was able to print
<class 'web3._utils.datatypes.Contract'> after this. Not sure if it was an error in my code.

I use private internet access as a VPN client.