diff --git a/src/codec/mod.rs b/src/codec/mod.rs
index 5c0d493..179347c 100644
--- a/src/codec/mod.rs
+++ b/src/codec/mod.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ impl TryFrom<&[u8]> for ExceptionResponse {
     type Error = Error;
 
     fn try_from(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Self> {
+        if bytes.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+        }
         let fn_err_code = bytes[0];
         if fn_err_code < 0x80 {
             return Err(Error::ExceptionFnCode(fn_err_code));
@@ -156,7 +159,9 @@ impl<'r> TryFrom<&'r [u8]> for Response<'r> {
 
     fn try_from(bytes: &'r [u8]) -> Result<Self> {
         use FunctionCode as F;
-
+        if bytes.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+        }
         let fn_code = bytes[0];
         if bytes.len() < min_response_pdu_len(FunctionCode::new(fn_code)) {
             return Err(Error::BufferSize);
@@ -327,6 +332,9 @@ impl<'r> Encode for RequestPdu<'r> {
 
 impl<'r> Encode for ResponsePdu<'r> {
     fn encode(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        if buf.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+        }
         match self.0 {
             Ok(res) => res.encode(buf),
             Err(e) => e.encode(buf),
@@ -336,6 +344,9 @@ impl<'r> Encode for ResponsePdu<'r> {
 
 impl Encode for ExceptionResponse {
     fn encode(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        if buf.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+        }
         let [code, ex]: [u8; 2] = (*self).into();
         buf[0] = code;
         buf[1] = ex;
diff --git a/src/codec/rtu/mod.rs b/src/codec/rtu/mod.rs
index 4c94e55..b719865 100644
--- a/src/codec/rtu/mod.rs
+++ b/src/codec/rtu/mod.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ pub fn decode(
     use DecoderType::{Request, Response};
     let mut drop_cnt = 0;
 
+    if buf.is_empty() {
+        return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+    }
+
     loop {
         let mut retry = false;
         if drop_cnt + 1 >= buf.len() {
@@ -89,6 +93,10 @@ pub fn decode(
 /// Extract a PDU frame out of a buffer.
 #[allow(clippy::similar_names)]
 pub fn extract_frame(buf: &[u8], pdu_len: usize) -> Result<Option<DecodedFrame>> {
+    if buf.is_empty() {
+        return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+    }
+
     let adu_len = 1 + pdu_len;
     if buf.len() >= adu_len + 2 {
         let (adu_buf, buf) = buf.split_at(adu_len);
diff --git a/src/codec/rtu/server.rs b/src/codec/rtu/server.rs
index f5a6afe..743a27b 100644
--- a/src/codec/rtu/server.rs
+++ b/src/codec/rtu/server.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ use super::*;
 
 /// Decode an RTU request.
 pub fn decode_request(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<RequestAdu>> {
+    if buf.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
     decode(DecoderType::Request, buf)
         .and_then(|frame| {
             let Some((DecodedFrame { slave, pdu }, _frame_pos)) = frame else {
diff --git a/src/codec/tcp/mod.rs b/src/codec/tcp/mod.rs
index e2fd60c..7c4bb19 100644
--- a/src/codec/tcp/mod.rs
+++ b/src/codec/tcp/mod.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ pub fn decode(
     use DecoderType::{Request, Response};
     let mut drop_cnt = 0;
 
+    if buf.is_empty() {
+        return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+    }
+
     loop {
         let mut retry = false;
         if drop_cnt + 1 >= buf.len() {
@@ -90,6 +94,9 @@ pub fn decode(
 
 /// Extract a PDU frame out of a buffer.
 pub fn extract_frame(buf: &[u8], pdu_len: usize) -> Result<Option<DecodedFrame>> {
+    if buf.is_empty() {
+        return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+    }
     let adu_len = 7 + pdu_len;
     if buf.len() >= adu_len {
         let (adu_buf, _next_frame) = buf.split_at(adu_len);
diff --git a/src/codec/tcp/server.rs b/src/codec/tcp/server.rs
index af22792..e2e3a7e 100644
--- a/src/codec/tcp/server.rs
+++ b/src/codec/tcp/server.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ use super::*;
 
 /// Decode an TCP request.
 pub fn decode_request(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<RequestAdu>> {
+    if buf.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
     let frame = decode(DecoderType::Request, buf)?;
     let Some((decoded_frame, _frame_pos)) = frame else {
         return Ok(None);
@@ -31,6 +34,9 @@ pub fn decode_request(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<RequestAdu>> {
 
 // Decode a TCP response
 pub fn decode_response(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<ResponseAdu>> {
+    if buf.is_empty() {
+        return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+    }
     decode(DecoderType::Response, buf)
         .and_then(|frame| {
             let Some((decoded_frame, _frame_pos)) = frame else {
diff --git a/src/frame/coils.rs b/src/frame/coils.rs
index 6031de7..85e65eb 100644
--- a/src/frame/coils.rs
+++ b/src/frame/coils.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ pub struct Coils<'c> {
 impl<'c> Coils<'c> {
     /// Pack coils defined by an bool slice into a byte buffer.
     pub fn from_bools(bools: &[bool], target: &'c mut [u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        if bools.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Error::BufferSize);
+        }
         pack_coils(bools, target)?;
         Ok(Coils {
             data: target,
diff --git a/src/frame/data.rs b/src/frame/data.rs
index da78247..56930b7 100644
--- a/src/frame/data.rs
+++ b/src/frame/data.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub struct Data<'d> {
 impl<'d> Data<'d> {
     /// Pack words (u16 values) into a byte buffer.
     pub fn from_words(words: &[u16], target: &'d mut [u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        if words.len() * 2 > target.len() {
+        if (words.len() * 2 > target.len()) || words.is_empty() {
             return Err(Error::BufferSize);
         }
         for (i, w) in words.iter().enumerate() {