Auto merge of #56384 - scalexm:chalk, r=nikomatsakis

Implement the new-style trait solver

Final PR of what I believe to be a minimally working implementation of the new-style trait solver.

The new trait solver can be used by providing the `-Z chalk` command line flag. It is currently used everywhere in `rustc_typeck`, and for everything relying on `rustc::infer::canonical::query_response::enter_canonical_trait_query`.

The trait solver is invoked in rustc by using the `evaluate_goal` canonical query. This is not optimal because each call to `evaluate_goal` creates a new `chalk_engine::Forest`, hence rustc cannot use answers to intermediate goals produced by the root goal. We'll need to change that but I guess that's ok for now.

Some next steps, I think, are:
* handle region constraints: region constraints are computed but are completely ignored for now, I think we may need additional support from `chalk_engine` (as a side effect, types or trait references with outlive requirements cannot be proved well-formed)
* deactivate eager normalization in the presence of `-Z chalk` in order to leverage the lazy normalization strategy of the new-style trait solver
* add the remaining built-in impls (only `Sized` is supported currently)
* transition the compiler to using generic goals instead of predicates that still refer to named type parameters etc

I added a few very simple tests to check that the new solver has the right behavior, they won't be needed anymore once it is mature enough. Additionally it shows off that we get [implied bounds](#44491) for free.

r? @nikomatsakis

Author: bors

Cargo.lock

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chalk-engine"
-version = "0.8.0"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
  "chalk-macros 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2067,7 +2067,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "backtrace 0.3.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "bitflags 1.0.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "byteorder 1.2.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "chalk-engine 0.8.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "chalk-engine 0.9.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "flate2 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "fmt_macros 0.0.0",
  "graphviz 0.0.0",
@@ -2640,7 +2640,7 @@ name = "rustc_traits"
 version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.0.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "chalk-engine 0.8.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "chalk-engine 0.9.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "graphviz 0.0.0",
  "log 0.4.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rustc 0.0.0",
@@ -3403,7 +3403,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 "checksum cargo_metadata 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "7d8dfe3adeb30f7938e6c1dd5327f29235d8ada3e898aeb08c343005ec2915a2"
 "checksum cc 1.0.25 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f159dfd43363c4d08055a07703eb7a3406b0dac4d0584d96965a3262db3c9d16"
 "checksum cfg-if 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "082bb9b28e00d3c9d39cc03e64ce4cea0f1bb9b3fde493f0cbc008472d22bdf4"
-"checksum chalk-engine 0.8.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6749eb72e7d4355d944a99f15fbaea701b978c18c5e184a025fcde942b0c9779"
+"checksum chalk-engine 0.9.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "17ec698a6f053a23bfbe646d9f2fde4b02abc19125595270a99e6f44ae0bdd1a"
 "checksum chalk-macros 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "295635afd6853aa9f20baeb7f0204862440c0fe994c5a253d5f479dac41d047e"
 "checksum chrono 0.4.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "45912881121cb26fad7c38c17ba7daa18764771836b34fab7d3fbd93ed633878"
 "checksum clap 2.32.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "b957d88f4b6a63b9d70d5f454ac8011819c6efa7727858f458ab71c756ce2d3e"

src/librustc/Cargo.toml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ syntax_pos = { path = "../libsyntax_pos" }
 backtrace = "0.3.3"
 parking_lot = "0.6"
 byteorder = { version = "1.1", features = ["i128"]}
-chalk-engine = { version = "0.8.0", default-features=false }
+chalk-engine = { version = "0.9.0", default-features=false }
 rustc_fs_util = { path = "../librustc_fs_util" }
 smallvec = { version = "0.6.7", features = ["union", "may_dangle"] }