Merge branch 'main' into gh-145142-dict-next-critical-section

Author: VanshAgarwal24036

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ Programs/_bootstrap_python.c  @ericsnowcurrently
 Programs/python.c             @ericsnowcurrently
 
 # JIT
+.github/workflows/jit.yml     @savannahostrowski
 Include/internal/pycore_jit.h @brandtbucher @savannahostrowski @diegorusso
 Python/jit.c                  @brandtbucher @savannahostrowski @diegorusso
 Tools/jit/                    @brandtbucher @savannahostrowski @diegorusso

Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst

@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ Entry points
    :meth:`!select` method for comparison to the attributes of
    the individual entry point definitions.
 
-   Note: it is not currently possible to query for entry points based on
-   their :attr:`!EntryPoint.dist` attribute (as different :class:`!Distribution`
+   Note: to query for entry points based on :attr:`!EntryPoint.dist` attribute,
+   use :meth:`Distribution.entry_points` instead (as different :class:`Distribution`
    instances do not currently compare equal, even if they have the same attributes)
 
 .. class:: EntryPoints
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ Distribution files
 .. function:: files(distribution_name)
 
    Return the full set of files contained within the named
-   distribution package.
+   distribution package as :class:`PackagePath` instances.
 
    Raises :exc:`PackageNotFoundError` if the named distribution
    package is not installed in the current Python environment.
@@ -304,12 +304,22 @@ Distribution files
 
     A :class:`pathlib.PurePath` derived object with additional ``dist``,
     ``size``, and ``hash`` properties corresponding to the distribution
-    package's installation metadata for that file.
+    package's installation metadata for that file, also:
+
+    .. method:: locate()
+
+       If possible, return the concrete :class:`SimplePath` allowing to access data,
+       or raise a :exc:`NotImplementedError` otherwise.
+
+.. class:: SimplePath
+
+    A protocol representing a minimal subset of :class:`pathlib.Path` that allows to
+    check if it ``exists()``, to traverse using ``joinpath()`` and ``parent``,
+    and to retrieve data using ``read_text()`` and ``read_bytes()``.
 
 The :func:`!files` function takes a
 `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_
-name and returns all of the files installed by this distribution. Each file is reported
-as a :class:`PackagePath` instance. For example::
+name and returns all of the files installed by this distribution. For example::
 
     >>> util = [p for p in files('wheel') if 'util.py' in str(p)][0]  # doctest: +SKIP
     >>> util  # doctest: +SKIP
@@ -402,6 +412,18 @@ function is not reliable with such installs.
 Distributions
 =============
 
+While the module level API described above is the most common and convenient usage,
+all that information is accessible from the :class:`Distribution` class.
+:class:`!Distribution` is an abstract object that represents the metadata for
+a Python `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_.
+Get the concrete :class:`!Distribution` subclass instance for an installed
+distribution package by calling the :func:`distribution` function::
+
+    >>> from importlib.metadata import distribution  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> dist = distribution('wheel')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> type(dist)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    <class 'importlib.metadata.PathDistribution'>
+
 .. function:: distribution(distribution_name)
 
    Return a :class:`Distribution` instance describing the named
@@ -410,6 +432,14 @@ Distributions
    Raises :exc:`PackageNotFoundError` if the named distribution
    package is not installed in the current Python environment.
 
+Thus, an alternative way to get e.g. the version number is through the
+:attr:`Distribution.version` attribute::
+
+    >>> dist.version  # doctest: +SKIP
+    '0.32.3'
+
+The same applies for :func:`entry_points` and :func:`files`.
+
 .. class:: Distribution
 
    Details of an installed distribution package.
@@ -418,53 +448,85 @@ Distributions
    equal, even if they relate to the same installed distribution and
    accordingly have the same attributes.
 
-   .. method:: discover(cls, *, context=None, **kwargs)
+   .. staticmethod:: at(path)
+   .. classmethod:: from_name(name)
+
+      Return a :class:`!Distribution` instance at the given path or
+      with the given name.
 
-      Returns an iterable of :class:`Distribution` instances for all packages.
+   .. classmethod:: discover(*, context=None, **kwargs)
+
+      Returns an iterable of :class:`!Distribution` instances for all packages
+      (see distribution-discovery_).
 
       The optional argument *context* is a :class:`DistributionFinder.Context`
       instance, used to modify the search for distributions. Alternatively,
       *kwargs* may contain keyword arguments for constructing a new
       :class:`!DistributionFinder.Context`.
 
+   .. attribute:: metadata
+      :type: PackageMetadata
 
-While the module level API described above is the most common and convenient usage,
-you can get all of that information from the :class:`!Distribution` class.
-:class:`!Distribution` is an abstract object that represents the metadata for
-a Python `Distribution Package <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/glossary/#term-Distribution-Package>`_.
-You can get the concrete :class:`!Distribution` subclass instance for an installed
-distribution package by calling the :func:`distribution` function::
+      There are all kinds of additional metadata available on :class:`!Distribution`
+      instances as a :class:`PackageMetadata` instance::
 
-    >>> from importlib.metadata import distribution  # doctest: +SKIP
-    >>> dist = distribution('wheel')  # doctest: +SKIP
-    >>> type(dist)  # doctest: +SKIP
-    <class 'importlib.metadata.PathDistribution'>
+          >>> dist.metadata['Requires-Python']  # doctest: +SKIP
+          '>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*'
+          >>> dist.metadata['License']  # doctest: +SKIP
+          'MIT'
 
-Thus, an alternative way to get the version number is through the
-:class:`!Distribution` instance::
+      The full set of available metadata is not described here.
+      See the PyPA `Core metadata specification <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata>`_ for additional details.
 
-    >>> dist.version  # doctest: +SKIP
-    '0.32.3'
+   .. attribute:: name
+      :type: str
+   .. attribute:: requires
+      :type: list[str]
+   .. attribute:: version
+      :type: str
 
-There are all kinds of additional metadata available on :class:`!Distribution`
-instances::
+      A few metadata fields are also available as shortcut properties.
 
-    >>> dist.metadata['Requires-Python']  # doctest: +SKIP
-    '>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*'
-    >>> dist.metadata['License']  # doctest: +SKIP
-    'MIT'
+      .. versionadded:: 3.10
 
-For editable packages, an ``origin`` property may present :pep:`610`
-metadata::
+         The ``name`` shortcut was added.
 
-    >>> dist.origin.url
-    'file:///path/to/wheel-0.32.3.editable-py3-none-any.whl'
+   .. attribute:: origin
 
-The full set of available metadata is not described here.
-See the PyPA `Core metadata specification <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/core-metadata/#core-metadata>`_ for additional details.
+      For editable packages, an ``origin`` property may present :pep:`610`
+      metadata (for non-editable packages, ``origin`` is :const:`None`)::
+
+         >>> dist.origin.url
+         'file:///path/to/wheel-0.32.3.editable-py3-none-any.whl'
+
+      The ``origin`` object follows the `Direct URL Data Structure
+      <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/direct-url-data-structure/>`_.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+   .. attribute:: entry_points
+      :type: EntryPoints
+
+      The entry points provided by this distribution package.
+
+   .. attribute:: files
+      :type: list[PackagePath] | None
+
+      All files contained in this distribution package.
+      Like :func:`files`, this returns :const:`None` if there are no records.
+
+   The following two abstract methods need to be implemented when implementing-custom-providers_:
+
+   .. method:: locate_file(path)
+
+      Like :meth:`!PackagePath.locate`, return a :class:`SimplePath` for the given path.
+      Takes a :class:`os.PathLike` or a :class:`str`.
+
+   .. method:: read_text(filename)
+
+      A shortcut for ``distribution.locate_file(filename).read_text()``.
 
-.. versionadded:: 3.13
-   The ``.origin`` property was added.
+.. _distribution-discovery:
 
 Distribution Discovery
 ======================
@@ -575,8 +637,8 @@ consumer.
 
 In practice, to support finding distribution package
 metadata in locations other than the file system, subclass
-``Distribution`` and implement the abstract methods. Then from
-a custom finder, return instances of this derived ``Distribution`` in the
+:class:`!Distribution` and implement the abstract methods. Then from
+a custom finder, return instances of this derived :class:`!Distribution` in the
 ``find_distributions()`` method.
 
 Example
@@ -653,8 +715,8 @@ packages served by the ``DatabaseImporter``, assuming that the
 ``.entry_points`` attributes.
 
 The ``DatabaseDistribution`` may also provide other metadata files, like
-``RECORD`` (required for ``Distribution.files``) or override the
-implementation of ``Distribution.files``. See the source for more inspiration.
+``RECORD`` (required for :attr:`!Distribution.files`) or override the
+implementation of :attr:`!Distribution.files`. See the source for more inspiration.
 
 
 .. _`entry point API`: https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#entry-points

Doc/using/windows.rst

@@ -285,6 +285,12 @@ work.
 Passing ``--dry-run`` will generate output and logs, but will not modify any
 installs.
 
+Passing ``--refresh`` will update all registrations for installed runtimes. This
+will recreate Start menu shortcuts, registry keys, and global aliases (such as
+``python3.14.exe`` or for any installed scripts). These are automatically
+refreshed on installation of any runtime, but may need to be manually refreshed
+after installing packages.
+
 In addition to the above options, the ``--target`` option will extract the
 runtime to the specified directory instead of doing a normal install.
 This is useful for embedding runtimes into larger applications.
@@ -467,6 +473,14 @@ customization.
      - ``PYTHON_MANAGER_SOURCE_URL``
      - Override the index feed to obtain new installs from.
 
+   * - ``install.enable_entrypoints``
+     - (none)
+     - True to generate global commands for installed packages (such as
+       ``pip.exe``). These are defined by the packages themselves.
+       If set to false, only the Python interpreter has global commands created.
+       By default, true. You should run ``py install --refresh`` after changing
+       this setting.
+
    * - ``list.format``
      - ``PYTHON_MANAGER_LIST_FORMAT``
      - Specify the default format used by the ``py list`` command.
@@ -480,8 +494,8 @@ customization.
 
    * - ``global_dir``
      - (none)
-     - Specify the directory where global commands (such as ``python3.14.exe``)
-       are stored.
+     - Specify the directory where global commands (such as ``python3.14.exe``
+       and ``pip.exe``) are stored.
        This directory should be added to your :envvar:`PATH` to make the
        commands available from your terminal.
 
@@ -491,6 +505,7 @@ customization.
        This directory is a temporary cache, and can be cleaned up from time to
        time.
 
+
 Dotted names should be nested inside JSON objects, for example, ``list.format``
 would be specified as ``{"list": {"format": "table"}}``.
 
@@ -737,6 +752,14 @@ directory containing the configuration file that specified them.
        (e.g. ``"pep514,start"``).
        Disabled shortcuts are not reactivated by ``enable_shortcut_kinds``.
 
+   * - ``install.hard_link_entrypoints``
+     - True to use hard links for global shortcuts to save disk space. If false,
+       each shortcut executable is copied instead. After changing this setting,
+       you must run ``py install --refresh --force`` to update existing
+       commands.
+       By default, true. Disabling this may be necessary for troubleshooting or
+       systems that have issues with file links.
+
    * - ``pep514_root``
      - Registry location to read and write PEP 514 entries into.
        By default, :file:`HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Python`.
@@ -876,12 +899,22 @@ default).
 
    * -
      - The package may be available but missing the generated executable.
-       We recommend using the ``python -m pip`` command instead,
-       or alternatively the ``python -m pip install --force pip`` command
-       will recreate the executables and show you the path to
-       add to :envvar:`PATH`.
-       These scripts are separated for each runtime, and so you may need to
-       add multiple paths.
+       We recommend using the ``python -m pip`` command instead.
+       Running ``py install --refresh`` and ensuring that the global shortcuts
+       directory is on :envvar:`PATH` (it will be shown in the command output if
+       it is not) should make commands such as ``pip`` (and other installed
+       packages) available.
+
+   * - I installed a package with ``pip`` but its command is not found.
+     - Have you activated a virtual environment?
+       Run the ``.venv\Scripts\activate`` script in your terminal to activate.
+
+   * -
+     - New packages do not automatically have global shortcuts created by the
+       Python install manager. Similarly, uninstalled packages do not have their
+       shortcuts removed.
+       Run ``py install --refresh`` to update the global shortcuts for newly
+       installed packages.
 
    * - Typing ``script-name.py`` in the terminal opens in a new window.
      - This is a known limitation of the operating system. Either specify ``py``

Lib/asyncio/windows_utils.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 import msvcrt
 import os
 import subprocess
-import tempfile
 import warnings
 
 
@@ -24,17 +23,14 @@
 PIPE = subprocess.PIPE
 STDOUT = subprocess.STDOUT
 _mmap_counter = itertools.count()
+_MAX_PIPE_ATTEMPTS = 20
 
 
 # Replacement for os.pipe() using handles instead of fds
 
 
 def pipe(*, duplex=False, overlapped=(True, True), bufsize=BUFSIZE):
     """Like os.pipe() but with overlapped support and using handles not fds."""
-    address = tempfile.mktemp(
-        prefix=r'\\.\pipe\python-pipe-{:d}-{:d}-'.format(
-            os.getpid(), next(_mmap_counter)))
-
     if duplex:
         openmode = _winapi.PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX
         access = _winapi.GENERIC_READ | _winapi.GENERIC_WRITE
@@ -56,9 +52,20 @@ def pipe(*, duplex=False, overlapped=(True, True), bufsize=BUFSIZE):
 
     h1 = h2 = None
     try:
-        h1 = _winapi.CreateNamedPipe(
-            address, openmode, _winapi.PIPE_WAIT,
-            1, obsize, ibsize, _winapi.NMPWAIT_WAIT_FOREVER, _winapi.NULL)
+        for attempts in itertools.count():
+            address = r'\\.\pipe\python-pipe-{:d}-{:d}-{}'.format(
+                os.getpid(), next(_mmap_counter), os.urandom(8).hex())
+            try:
+                h1 = _winapi.CreateNamedPipe(
+                    address, openmode, _winapi.PIPE_WAIT,
+                    1, obsize, ibsize, _winapi.NMPWAIT_WAIT_FOREVER, _winapi.NULL)
+                break
+            except OSError as e:
+                if attempts >= _MAX_PIPE_ATTEMPTS:
+                    raise
+                if e.winerror not in (_winapi.ERROR_PIPE_BUSY,
+                                      _winapi.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED):
+                    raise
 
         h2 = _winapi.CreateFile(
             address, access, 0, _winapi.NULL, _winapi.OPEN_EXISTING,

Lib/ctypes/__init__.py

@@ -458,6 +458,8 @@ def _load_library(self, name, mode, handle, winmode):
                 if name and name.endswith(")") and ".a(" in name:
                     mode |= _os.RTLD_MEMBER | _os.RTLD_NOW
             self._name = name
+            if handle is not None:
+                return handle
             return _dlopen(name, mode)
 
     def __repr__(self):