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</a></span></div></div> <div data-v-7dd95ae2><div data-v-7dd95ae2><main class="page" style="padding-right:0;"><section style="display:;"><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">我们培养了很多高学历的野蛮人</h1> <div data-v-8a445198><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>apan</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>1/7/2016</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-eye" data-v-8a445198><span id="/gaoxueli.html" data-flag-title="Your Article Title" class="leancloud-visitors" data-v-8a445198><a class="leancloud-visitors-count" style="font-size:.9rem;font-weight:normal;color:#999;"></a></span></i> <i class="tags iconfont reco-tag" data-v-8a445198></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><div class="adswrapper"><!----> <div style="display:none;"></div> <ins data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3196441204212737" data-ad-slot="7162284157" data-ad-test="" data-ad-region="" class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block;"></ins> <!----> <div style="display:none;"> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </div></div> <blockquote><p>这篇文章给时下我们碎片化的生活提个醒，很多问题值得我们反省，不论是教育孩子还是自己成长，都值得参考、深思，避免做无明的野蛮人。</p></blockquote> <p>文化确实是一个能够激发我们感情的崇高东西，它和知识是不一样的。一个有文化的人，你会发现他的生命力是非常旺盛的。他不是冷冰冰的，而是富有激情、情怀，对这个世界充满了爱和诗意的眼光。 可是今天，我们从中小学到大学的教育，更多的是在教知识、技术、专业，唯独缺少文化。我们培养了很多精致的利己主义者，很多高学历的野蛮人，他们是冷冰冰的。 有句很有名的话：知识就是力量。中国人耳熟能详，而且对它很是认同。 <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link0.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link0.jpg" alt="link0"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 从历史上看，1840年以后，中国面对西方的科学技术，不堪一击，于是得出一个结论：落后就要挨打。 这个落后，就是指科学技术的落后。从现实上看，如果今天我们不能用知识很好地答出一份标准化试卷，可能就读不了好大学、好专业，找不到好工作，以更好地满足自己物质的欲望。 无论从历史经验还是现实压力，我们都知道知识太重要了。但是我今天要对大家讲的是，尽管知识确实重要，但知识也有局限性。 首先，知识是无限的。什么叫知识？知识是对这个世界所有事实的认知。既然世界是无限的，那么知识也是无限的，可悲剧的是人生是有限的。 庄子就说过：“吾生也有涯，而知也无涯；以有涯随无涯，殆矣。”世界是无限的，我们的生命是有限的，用有限的生命去追求无限世界所包含的无限知识，那我们的人生就会废掉。 <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link.jpg" alt="link"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 当知识不成体系时，它是无用的，只是碎片。举个例子，曾有一家报社搞国学知识竞赛，找了一批专家出了一套国学题目。 题目出完后，编辑想让我审一下。我看了5分钟，对它的判断就是6个字：无趣、无聊、无用。 比如有一道题目问：在中国历史上哪一个时代的宦官是可以娶妻的？这是非常严肃的知识。 如果你专门研究宦官，把他们的生存状况、心理状态以及他们在中国历史上的地位、影响、作用都搞明白，你将会成为一名了不起的专家。 可是假如你的主要精力不在此，这样的知识碎片，对你一点用处都没有。 还有一道题目：胡萝卜是什么时候传入中国的？如果你能把它变成系统的知识进行分析研究，它是有意义的。 但是假如一个人并没有这样的意愿和目标，他只知道胡萝卜是什么时候传入中国的，这样的知识对他不仅没用，还可能产生负面影响。 <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link2.jpg" alt="link2"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 因为他知道大多数人都不知道答案，心里一阵窃喜，觉得自己是世界上最牛的人，并且他特别想让别人知道这一点。 于是，他天天等着别人提问，以期收获别人的敬佩。为了等到这一天，他可能每次和朋友吃饭的时候都点胡萝卜，别人吃得很香，他却只等着一个问题。 这根胡萝卜把他一辈子都拴死了。 德国哲学家尼采写过一篇文章叫《我为什么这么聪明》。他的结论就一句话：我之所以这么聪明，是因为我从来不在不必要的事情上浪费精力。 有一次我坐出租车，司机正在收听一档知识竞赛节目。节目中，主持人放了5个音乐片断，每个片断几秒钟。 随后提问：这5个音乐片断，有2个片断属于同一首歌，你们谁知道？一个小伙子抢答说他知道，并且回答正确。 紧接着第二个问题是：其中有2首歌出自同一张音乐专辑，你知道吗？这时我紧张了，我怕他知道。他不知道，说明他还是正常人，如果他知道，他这一辈子可能就废了。 但是没想到他真知道。这时我让司机把收音机关掉。司机吓一跳，问为什么？我说：“它在侮辱我们的智商，并且在误导我们生命的流向。” 这就叫无用的知识，生活中有太多这样无用的知识。比如，很多人关心某个明星喜欢的颜色是什么，星座是什么，结了几次婚，又离了几次婚。 <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link3.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link3.jpg" alt="link3"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 当一个人把精力花在这些地方时，他可能获得了知识，并且在饭桌上能与人聊天，但他会变得特别琐碎。 我曾写过一篇文章，题目是《警惕知识》。主要观点就是，我们的生命本来就不可能占有无限的知识。更可悲的是，无聊的知识会让人生变得无聊，琐碎的知识会让人格变得琐碎，甚至猥琐。 孔子的学生子夏早就说：“虽小道，必有可观者焉”，但是“致远恐泥,是以君子不为也”。 即使是胡萝卜什么时候传入中国的这样的知识，你可以拿来吹吹牛，但如果你老是把认知集中在这种信息上，你的一生肯定不会有什么成就。你用琐碎的知识把人生变成了碎片，所以君子不为。 荀子曾提出过对知识的鉴别。他说有些知识是无聊的、无用的、无趣的，这样的知识荀子有一个判断，叫“不知，无害为君子。知之，无损为小人。” <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link4.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link4.jpg" alt="link4"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 你知道了这样的知识，并不能够因此成为君子，你不知道这个知识也不会因此成为小人。有的知识对你的人生，一分都没加，又何必耗费精力和时间呢？ 但是在生活中，确实有不少人专心致志、兴高采烈、兴趣盎然地用琐碎的知识，把自己的人生切割成碎片。 实际上，在知识之外有一种更重要的东西。 《列子》里面有篇文章叫《两小儿辩日》，在座的都读过。两个小孩辩论说，太阳早晨离我们近，还是中午离我们近。 两个人都有根据，说早晨近是因为早晨的太阳比中午大；说中午近是因为中午的太阳比早晨热。 孔子活得真有压力，他几乎是那时候的“谷歌”和“百度”，大家有什么问题都跑去问他。 <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link5.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link5.jpg" alt="link5"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 两个小儿问孔子，但孔子没法判断。于是作者就借小孩的口吻讽刺孔子：“谁说你知识多？”作者大概是想，只要否定孔子的知识多，那就否定了孔子的价值。 这个思路显然是错误的。在人生知识的考场上，谁能站到最后？ 我今天跟大家打个赌，我可以出一套100分的知识类题目，每道都有标准答案，但我能让在座所有人都得零分。反过来，你们也可以给我出100分的知识类题目，让我一分都得不到。 比如，复旦大学自主招生出过一道题，老师对学生提一个要求：“你现在问我一个问题，必须满足两个条件，第一是要我回答不出来，第二是你必须要有标准答案。” 很多人说这个题目太雷人了，可我就觉得出得很好。因为它告诉我们，在知识的考场上，没有人可以站到最后。 有一个聪明的学生马上问：“老师，你知道我祖父的名字吗？” 我也可以按照这个思路给大家出题，不需要费劲，就能让大家都得零分。 你们知道我祖父的名字吗？知道我祖母的名字吗？知道我祖父的二大爷的名字吗？在座的谁能答出来，今晚我请客。可见，知识可以把任何一个人打倒。 如果要算知识的总量，我相信今天在座的人，你们的知识总量都超过孔子。比如说，我可以出计算机、物理、英语、数学之类的题目，孔子肯定答不过你们。 但我们就比孔子的境界高吗？这就要思考另一个问题了：决定孔子境界的不是知识的总量，而是另外一种东西。 <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link6.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link6.jpg" alt="link6"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 孔子自己早就说过：“吾有知乎哉？无知也。”我有知识吗？不，没有。苏格拉底也曾经说：“我比别人多知道的那一点，就是我知道自己是无知的。” 他们说这些不是谦虚，只不过说出了一种真相。面对世界的无限，我们短暂生命里的知识可以忽略不计。 所以，我们应该允许自己的无知，也应该宽容别人的无知。 你看我不顺眼，给我出一道数学题。我为了防备下一次再有人给我出数学题，于是我天天学数学，学了10年以后，解放日报文化讲坛大概已经到6800期了，我终于有勇气上台演讲。 突然又有人说：“鲍老师，我这有一套物理题。”你不会这样干，对不对？因为你们会宽容我的无知，我们也会宽容他人的无知，但是有种情况是不能宽容的，那是什么呢？没有良知。 没有知识可以被宽容，没有良知不可以被宽容。我们遇到标准化的试卷，回答不好没有问题，但是涉及良知判断、是非判断、善恶美丑判断，如果出了问题，那就是大问题。 <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link7.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link7.jpg" alt="link7"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 我讲一个故事。有一位父亲发现15岁的女儿不在家，留下一封信，上面写着： “亲爱的爸爸妈妈，今天我和兰迪私奔了。兰迪是个很有个性的人，身上刺了各种花纹，只有42岁，并不老，对不对？ 我将和他住到森林里去，当然，不只是我和他两个人，兰迪还有另外几个女人，可是我并不介意。我们将会种植大麻，除了自己抽，还可以卖给朋友。 我还希望我们在那个地方生很多孩子。在这个过程里，也希望医学技术可以有很大的进步，这样兰迪的艾滋病可以治好。” 父亲读到这里，已经崩溃了。然而，他发现最下面还有一句话：“未完，请看背面。” 背面是这样写的：“爸爸，那一页所说的都不是真的。真相是我在隔壁同学家里，期中考试的试卷放在抽屉里，你打开后签上字。 我之所以写这封信，就是告诉你，世界上有比试卷没答好更糟糕的事情。你现在给我打电话，告诉我，我可以安全回家了。” 这封信说明，一个人在知识的试卷上可以犯错，甚至不止一次犯错，一辈子犯错，我们到老了都是无知的。 但是在良知问题上，可能犯一次错，我们就万劫不复了。所以，比事实判断更重要的是价值判断。 事实判断，我们做不到什么都懂，但是做人要有良知，要有价值判断力，这一点还是应该尽量做到的。 今天中国社会的一个问题，就是缺乏判断力。中国教育的一个问题，就是缺乏文化素养。 比如，为了抵制日货，很多年轻人走到大街上砸同胞的车，甚至伤害同胞的身体。他们带着一腔热血，以为在爱国，但实际上却是在“碍国”。 <a href="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link8.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://jsd.cdn.zzko.cn/gh/pxpy/img@master/blog/pic/link8.jpg" alt="link8"><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 为什么一个带着良好爱国热情的人，会去做妨碍国家、损伤中国人形象的事？他们缺少的是什么呢？良知。 知识就是力量，但我要告诉大家，良知才是方向。我们常常说落后就要挨打，我还要告诉大家，野蛮也会招打。 我就讲到这里，谢谢大家！（注：著名文化学者鲍鹏山的演讲实录，来自解放日报。）</p> <blockquote><p>大家怎么看呢？我是得准备期末考试了</p></blockquote></div></section> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></footer> <!----> <div 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