diff --git a/.DS_Store b/.DS_Store
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06e60e0
Binary files /dev/null and b/.DS_Store differ
diff --git a/.dockerignore b/.dockerignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..567609b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.dockerignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+build/
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92bc551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+*.iml
+*.idea
+
diff --git a/BUILD.md b/BUILD.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34ceb8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/BUILD.md
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# Build Instructions
+
+## How to build a local image?
+
+```shell
+docker build -t {YOUR_TAG} .
+```
+
+## How to run local build?
+
+After building run using local tag:
+
+```shell
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 {YOUR_TAG}
+```
+
+## How to build a specific GeoServer version?
+
+```shell
+docker build \
+  --build-arg GS_VERSION={YOUR_VERSION} \
+  -t {YOUR_TAG} .
+```
+
+## How to build with custom geoserver data directory?
+
+```shell
+docker build \
+  --build-arg GS_DATA_PATH={RELATIVE_PATH_TO_YOUR_GS_DATA} \
+  -t {YOUR_TAG} .
+```
+
+**Note:** The passed path **must not** be absolute! Instead, the path should be within the build context (e.g. next to the Dockerfile) and should be passed as a relative path, e.g. `GS_DATA_PATH=./my_data/`
+
+## Can a build use a specific GeoServer version AND custom data?
+
+Yes! Just pass the `--build-arg` param twice, e.g.
+
+```shell
+docker build \
+  --build-arg GS_VERSION={VERSION} \
+  --build-arg GS_DATA_PATH={PATH} \
+  -t {YOUR_TAG} .
+```
+
+## How to build with additional libs/extensions/plugins?
+
+Put your `*.jar` files (e.g. the WPS extension) in the `additional_libs` folder and build with one of the commands from above! (They will be copied to the GeoServer `WEB-INF/lib` folder during the build.)
+
+**Note:** Similar to the GeoServer data path from above, you can also configure the path to the additional libraries by passing the `ADDITIONAL_LIBS_PATH` argument when building:
+
+```shell
+docker build \
+  --build-arg ADDITIONAL_LIBS_PATH={RELATIVE_PATH_TO_YOUR_LIBS}
+  -t {YOUR_TAG} .
+```
+
+## How to build from nightly snapshot releases?
+
+By default ``WAR_ZIP_URL``, ``STABLE_PLUGIN_URL`` make use of sourceforge downloads to obtain official releases.
+
+Override these arguments to make use of build.geoserver.org nightly releases:
+
+* ``--build-arg WAR_ZIP_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/${GS_VERSION}/geoserver-${GS_VERSION}-latest-war.zip`` 
+* ``--build-arg STABLE_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/${GS_VERSION}/ext-latest/``
+* ``--build-arg COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/${GS_VERSION}/community-latest/``
+
+Here is a working example for building 2.23.x nightly build::
+```
+docker build --no-cache-filter download,install \
+  --build-arg WAR_ZIP_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/2.23.x/geoserver-2.23.x-latest-war.zip \
+  --build-arg STABLE_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/2.23.x/ext-latest/ \
+  --build-arg COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/2.23.x/community-latest/ \
+  --build-arg GS_VERSION=2.23-SNAPSHOT \
+  -t 2.23.x .
+```
+
+When running both stable extensions and community modules can be included:
+
+```
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 \
+  --env INSTALL_EXTENSIONS=true \
+  --env STABLE_EXTENSIONS="ysld" \
+  --env COMMUNITY_EXTENSIONS="ogcapi" \
+  -t 2.23.x
+```
+
+Community modules are only available for nightly builds as they have not yet met the requirements for production use. Developers have shared these to attract participation, feedback and funding.
+
+## How to build from main snapshot releases?
+
+The build.geoserver.org output for the ``main`` branch requires the following:
+
+* ``--build-arg WAR_ZIP_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/geoserver-main-latest-war.zip`` 
+* ``--build-arg STABLE_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/ext-latest/``
+* ``--build-arg COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/community-latest/``
+
+
+Here is a working example for building main branch as 2.24.x build:
+
+```
+docker build --no-cache-filter download,install \
+  --build-arg WAR_ZIP_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/geoserver-main-latest-war.zip \
+  --build-arg STABLE_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/ext-latest/ \
+  --build-arg COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/community-latest/ \
+  --build-arg GS_VERSION=2.24-SNAPSHOT \
+  -t 2.24.x .
+```
+
+When running both [stable extensions](https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/ext-latest/) and [community modules](https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/community-latest/) can be included:
+
+```
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 \
+  --env INSTALL_EXTENSIONS=true \
+  --env STABLE_EXTENSIONS="wps,css" \
+  --env COMMUNITY_EXTENSIONS="ogcapi-coverages,ogcapi-dggs,ogcapi-features,ogcapi-images,ogcapi-maps,ogcapi-styles,ogcapi-tiled-features,ogcapi-tiles" \
+  -t 2.24.x
+```
+
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43e4d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04 as tomcat
+
+ARG TOMCAT_VERSION=9.0.75
+ARG CORS_ENABLED=false
+ARG CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=*
+ARG CORS_ALLOWED_METHODS=GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,HEAD,OPTIONS
+ARG CORS_ALLOWED_HEADERS=*
+
+# Environment variables
+ENV CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}
+ENV EXTRA_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx1g"
+ENV CORS_ENABLED=$CORS_ENABLED
+ENV CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=$CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS
+ENV CORS_ALLOWED_METHODS=$CORS_ALLOWED_METHODS
+ENV CORS_ALLOWED_HEADERS=$CORS_ALLOWED_HEADERS
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+# see https://docs.geoserver.org/stable/en/user/production/container.html
+ENV CATALINA_OPTS="\$EXTRA_JAVA_OPTS \
+    -Djava.awt.headless=true -server \
+    -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 \
+    -Djavax.servlet.request.encoding=UTF-8 \
+    -Djavax.servlet.response.encoding=UTF-8 \
+    -D-XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=36000 \
+    -Xbootclasspath/a:$CATALINA_HOME/lib/marlin.jar \
+    -Dsun.java2d.renderer=sun.java2d.marlin.DMarlinRenderingEngine \
+    -Dorg.geotools.coverage.jaiext.enabled=true"
+
+# init
+RUN apt update \
+&& apt -y upgrade \
+&& apt install -y --no-install-recommends openssl unzip gdal-bin wget curl openjdk-11-jdk \
+&& apt clean \
+&& rm -rf /var/cache/apt/* \
+&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /opt/
+
+COPY apache-tomcat-9.0.75 /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.75
+
+RUN rm -rf /opt/apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}/webapps/ROOT \
+&& rm -rf /opt/apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}/webapps/docs \
+&& rm -rf /opt/apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}/webapps/examples
+
+# RUN wget -q https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v${TOMCAT_VERSION}/bin/apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}.tar.gz \
+# && tar xf apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}.tar.gz \
+# && rm apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}.tar.gz \
+# && rm -rf /opt/apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}/webapps/ROOT \
+# && rm -rf /opt/apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}/webapps/docs \
+# && rm -rf /opt/apache-tomcat-${TOMCAT_VERSION}/webapps/examples
+
+
+# cleanup
+RUN apt purge -y  \
+&& apt autoremove --purge -y \
+&& rm -rf /tmp/*
+
+FROM tomcat as download
+
+ARG GS_VERSION=2.23.1
+ARG GS_BUILD=release
+ARG WAR_ZIP_URL=https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/geoserver/GeoServer/${GS_VERSION}/geoserver-${GS_VERSION}-war.zip
+ENV GEOSERVER_VERSION=$GS_VERSION
+ENV GEOSERVER_BUILD=$GS_BUILD
+
+WORKDIR /tmp
+
+RUN echo "Downloading GeoServer ${GS_VERSION} ${GS_BUILD}" \
+&& wget -q -O /tmp/geoserver.zip $WAR_ZIP_URL \
+&& unzip geoserver.zip geoserver.war -d /tmp/ \
+&& unzip -q /tmp/geoserver.war -d /tmp/geoserver \
+&& rm /tmp/geoserver.war
+
+FROM tomcat as install
+
+ARG GS_VERSION=2.23.1
+ARG GS_BUILD=release
+ARG STABLE_PLUGIN_URL=https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/geoserver/GeoServer/${GS_VERSION}/extensions
+ARG COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL=''
+
+ARG GS_DATA_PATH=./geoserver_data/
+ARG ADDITIONAL_LIBS_PATH=./additional_libs/
+ARG ADDITIONAL_FONTS_PATH=./additional_fonts/
+
+ENV GEOSERVER_VERSION=$GS_VERSION
+ENV GEOSERVER_BUILD=$GS_BUILD
+ENV GEOSERVER_DATA_DIR=/opt/geoserver_data/
+ENV GEOSERVER_REQUIRE_FILE=$GEOSERVER_DATA_DIR/global.xml
+ENV GEOSERVER_LIB_DIR=$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/
+ENV INSTALL_EXTENSIONS=false
+ENV WAR_ZIP_URL=$WAR_ZIP_URL
+ENV STABLE_EXTENSIONS=''
+ENV STABLE_PLUGIN_URL=$STABLE_PLUGIN_URL
+ENV COMMUNITY_EXTENSIONS=''
+ENV COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL=$COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL
+ENV ADDITIONAL_LIBS_DIR=/opt/additional_libs/
+ENV ADDITIONAL_FONTS_DIR=/opt/additional_fonts/
+ENV SKIP_DEMO_DATA=false
+ENV ROOT_WEBAPP_REDIRECT=false
+
+WORKDIR /tmp
+
+RUN echo "Installing GeoServer $GS_VERSION $GS_BUILD"
+
+COPY --from=download /tmp/geoserver $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver
+
+RUN mv $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/marlin-*.jar $CATALINA_HOME/lib/marlin.jar \
+&& mkdir -p $GEOSERVER_DATA_DIR
+
+COPY $GS_DATA_PATH $GEOSERVER_DATA_DIR
+COPY $ADDITIONAL_LIBS_PATH $GEOSERVER_LIB_DIR
+COPY $ADDITIONAL_FONTS_PATH /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
+
+# cleanup
+RUN rm -rf /tmp/*
+
+# copy scripts
+COPY *.sh /opt/
+RUN chmod +x /opt/*.sh
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/opt/startup.sh"]
+
+WORKDIR /opt
diff --git a/LICENSE.md b/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8c88ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+# GeoServer Notice
+
+GeoServer is distributed under the GNU General Public License Version 2.0 license:
+
+    GeoServer, open geospatial information server
+    Copyright (C) 2014-2020 Open Source Geospatial Foundation.
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2014 OpenPlans
+    
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version (collectively, "GPL").
+    
+    As an exception to the terms of the GPL, you may copy, modify,
+    propagate, and distribute a work formed by combining GeoServer with the
+    EMF, XSD and OSHI Libraries, or a work derivative of such a combination, even if
+    such copying, modification, propagation, or distribution would otherwise
+    violate the terms of the GPL. Nothing in this exception exempts you from
+    complying with the GPL in all respects for all of the code used other
+    than the EMF, XSD and OSHI Libraries. You may include this exception and its grant
+    of permissions when you distribute GeoServer.  Inclusion of this notice
+    with such a distribution constitutes a grant of such permissions.  If
+    you do not wish to grant these permissions, remove this paragraph from
+    your distribution. "GeoServer" means the GeoServer software licensed
+    under version 2 or any later version of the GPL, or a work based on such
+    software and licensed under the GPL. "EMF, XSD and OSHI Libraries" means 
+    Eclipse Modeling Framework Project and XML Schema Definition software
+    distributed by the Eclipse Foundation and the OSHI library, all licensed 
+    under the Eclipse Public License Version 1.0 ("EPL"), or a work based on 
+    such software and licensed under the EPL.
+    
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Suite 500, Boston, MA 02110-1335  USA
+
+For latest contact information of Open Source Geospatial Foundation see the website at
+http://www.osgeo.org.  Current email is info@osgeo.org and address is OSGeo, 14525 SW Millikan #42523, Beaverton, Oregon, United States, 97005-2343.
+
+The full GPL license is available in this directory in the file [GPL.md](GPL.md)
+
+## Additional Libraries and Code used
+
+GeoServer uses several additional libraries and pieces of code.  We are 
+including the appropriate notices in this file.  We'd like to thank all
+the creators of the libraries we rely on, GeoServer would certainly not
+be possible without them.  There are also several LGPL libraries that do
+not require us to cite them, but we'd like to thank GeoTools - 
+http://geotools.org, JTS - http://www.vividsolutions.com/jts/jtshome.htm
+ WKB4J http://wkb4j.sourceforge.net, OpenPDF - https://github.com/LibrePDF/OpenPDF,
+and J. David Eisenberg's PNG encoder http://www.catcode.com/pngencoder/
+
+### NeuQuant Neural-Net Quantization Algorithm
+
+GeoServer also thanks Anthony Dekker for the NeuQuant Neural-Net Quantization
+Algorithm.  The copyright notice is intact in the source code and also here:
+
+-----
+
+    /* NeuQuant Neural-Net Quantization Algorithm
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     *
+     * Copyright (c) 1994 Anthony Dekker
+     *
+     * NEUQUANT Neural-Net quantization algorithm by Anthony Dekker, 1994.
+     * See "Kohonen neural networks for optimal colour quantization"
+     * in "Network: Computation in Neural Systems" Vol. 5 (1994) pp 351-367.
+     * for a discussion of the algorithm.
+     *
+     * Any party obtaining a copy of these files from the author, directly or
+     * indirectly, is granted, free of charge, a full and unrestricted irrevocable,
+     * world-wide, paid up, royalty-free, nonexclusive right and license to deal
+     * in this software and documentation files (the "Software"), including without
+     * limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+     * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons who receive
+     * copies from any such party to do so, with the only requirement being
+     * that this copyright notice remain intact.
+     */
+
+-----
+
+### GifEncoder
+
+The GeoServer Project also thanks J. M. G. Elliot for his improvements on 
+Jef Poskanzer's GifEncoder.  Notice is included below on his Elliot's 
+release to public domain and Poskanzer's original notice (which is new
+BSD).  Source code is included in GeoServer source, with modifications done
+by David Blasby for The Open Planning Project (now OpenPlans).  
+
+------
+
+> Since Gif89Encoder includes significant sections of code from Jef Poskanzer's
+> GifEncoder.java, I'm including its notice in this distribution as requested (appended
+> below).
+> 
+> As for my part of the code, I hereby release it, on a strictly "as is" basis,
+> to the public domain.
+> 
+> J. M. G. Elliott
+> 15-Jul-2000
+> 
+> ---- from Jef Poskanzer's GifEncoder.java ----
+> 
+>     // GifEncoder - write out an image as a GIF
+>     //
+>     // Transparency handling and variable bit size courtesy of Jack Palevich.
+>     //
+>     // Copyright (C) 1996 by Jef Poskanzer <jef@acme.com>.  All rights reserved.
+>     //
+>     // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+>     // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+>     // are met:
+>     // 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+>     //    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+>     // 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+>     //    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+>     //    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+>     //
+>     // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+>     // ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+>     // IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+>     // ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+>     // FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+>     // DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+>     // OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+>     // HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+>     // LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+>     // OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+>     // SUCH DAMAGE.
+>     //
+>     // Visit the ACME Labs Java page for up-to-date versions of this and other
+>     // fine Java utilities: http://www.acme.com/java/
+
+------
+
+### JAI ImageIO
+
+JAI ImageIO jars from Sun are also included.  These are released under a 
+BSD license (new).  Notice is below:
+
+-------
+
+    Initial sources
+
+    Copyright (c) 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All  Rights Reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+    are met: 
+
+    - Redistribution of source code must retain the above copyright 
+      notice, this  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    - Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 
+      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+      distribution.
+
+    Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of 
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 
+    from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+    This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any 
+    kind. ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND 
+    WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, 
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY
+    EXCLUDED. SUN MIDROSYSTEMS, INC. ("SUN") AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL 
+    NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF 
+    USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS
+    DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR 
+    ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
+    CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+    REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR
+    INABILITY TO USE THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+    POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 
+
+    You acknowledge that this software is not designed or intended for 
+    use in the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any 
+    nuclear facility. 
+
+-------
+
+### Jetty
+
+GeoServer also includes binaries and from Jetty, the standard version can be 
+found at http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/, released under an OSI-approved artistic
+license.  We include the license completely, as some versions will be 
+distributed without full source.
+
+------
+
+> Jetty License
+> $Revision: 3.7 $
+> Preamble:
+> 
+> The intent of this document is to state the conditions under which the Jetty Package may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some semblance of control over the development of the package, while giving the users of the package the right to use, distribute and make reasonable modifications to the Package in accordance with the goals and ideals of the Open Source concept as described at http://www.opensource.org.
+> 
+> It is the intent of this license to allow commercial usage of the Jetty package, so long as the source code is distributed or suitable visible credit given or other arrangements made with the copyright holders.
+> 
+> Definitions:
+> 
+> * "Jetty" refers to the collection of Java classes that are distributed as a HTTP server with servlet capabilities and associated utilities.
+> 
+> * "Package" refers to the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files created through textual modification.
+> 
+> * "Standard Version" refers to such a Package if it has not been modified, or has been modified in accordance with the wishes of the Copyright Holder.
+> 
+> * "Copyright Holder" is whoever is named in the copyright or copyrights for the package.
+>   Mort Bay Consulting Pty. Ltd. (Australia) is the "Copyright Holder" for the Jetty package.
+> 
+> * "You" is you, if you're thinking about copying or distributing this Package.
+> 
+> * "Reasonable copying fee" is whatever you can justify on the basis of media cost, duplication charges, time of people involved, and so on. (You will not be required to justify it to the Copyright Holder, but only to the computing community at large as a market that must bear the fee.)
+> 
+> * "Freely Available" means that no fee is charged for the item itself, though there may be fees involved in handling the item. It also means that recipients of the item may redistribute it under the same conditions they received it.
+> 
+> 0. The Jetty Package is Copyright (c) Mort Bay Consulting Pty. Ltd. (Australia) and others. Individual files in this package may contain additional copyright notices. The javax.servlet packages are copyright Sun Microsystems Inc.
+> 
+> 1. The Standard Version of the Jetty package is available from http://jetty.mortbay.org.
+> 
+> 2. You may make and distribute verbatim copies of the source form of the Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you include this license and all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
+> 
+> 3. You may make and distribute verbatim copies of the compiled form of the Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you include this license.
+> 
+> 4. You may apply bug fixes, portability fixes and other modifications derived from the Public Domain or from the Copyright Holder. A Package modified in such a way shall still be considered the Standard Version.
+> 
+> 5. You may otherwise modify your copy of this Package in any way, provided that you insert a prominent notice in each changed file stating how and when you changed that file, and provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+> 
+>     a) Place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise make them Freely Available, such as by posting said modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or placing the modifications on a major archive site such as ftp.uu.net, or by allowing the Copyright Holder to include your modifications in the Standard Version of the Package.
+> 
+>     b) Use the modified Package only within your corporation or organization.
+> 
+>     c) Rename any non-standard classes so the names do not conflict with standard classes, which must also be provided, and provide a separate manual page for each non-standard class that clearly documents how it differs from the Standard Version.
+> 
+>     d) Make other arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
+> 
+> 6. You may distribute modifications or subsets of this Package in source code or compiled form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
+> 
+>     a) Distribute this license and all original copyright messages, together with instructions (in the about dialog, manual page or equivalent) on where to get the complete Standard Version.
+> 
+>     b) Accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of the Package with your modifications. The modified package must include this license and all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers, together with instructions on where to get the complete Standard Version.
+> 
+>     c) Make other arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
+> 
+> 7. You may charge a reasonable copying fee for any distribution of this Package. You may charge any fee you choose for support of this Package. You may not charge a fee for this Package itself. However, you may distribute this Package in aggregate with other (possibly commercial) programs as part of a larger (possibly commercial) software distribution provided that you meet the other distribution requirements of this license.
+> 
+> 8. Input to or the output produced from the programs of this Package do not automatically fall under the copyright of this Package, but belong to whomever generated them, and may be sold commercially, and may be aggregated with this Package.
+> 
+> 9. Any program subroutines supplied by you and linked into this Package shall not be considered part of this Package.
+> 
+> 10. The name of the Copyright Holder may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+> 
+> 11. This license may change with each release of a Standard Version of the Package. You may choose to use the license associated with version you are using or the license of the latest Standard Version.
+> 
+> 12. THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+> 
+> 13. If any superior law implies a warranty, the sole remedy under such shall be , at the Copyright Holders option either a) return of any price paid or b) use or reasonable endeavours to repair or replace the software.
+> 
+> 14. This license shall be read under the laws of Australia.
+   
+-------
+
+### Prototype library (MIT License)
+
+GeoServer includes a few snippets from the Prototype library (www.prototypejs.org), 
+under a MIT license:
+
+-------
+
+    Copyright (c) 2005-2007 Sam Stephenson
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+
+-------
+
+### Apache License
+
+GeoServer uses a number of libraries licensed under the Apache License, 
+Version 2.0.  These include Spring - http://www.springsource.org/,
+a number of Apache commons libraries - http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/
+whose jars we distribute and include in our source tree under lib/.  Also 
+included as libraries are log4 http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/index.htmlj, 
+batik http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/batik/, and xerces http://xerces.apache.org/xerces-j/.
+
+Note there is some disagreement as to whether GPL and Apache 2.0 are compatible see 
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/GPL-compatibility.html for more information.  We
+hope that something will work out, as GeoServer would not be possible without
+apache libraries.
+
+Notice for apache license is included below:
+
+-------
+
+   Apache License
+   Version 2.0, January 2004
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+   "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+   "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+   "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+   "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+   "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
+
+   "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
+
+   "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+   "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+   "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+   "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:
+
+      1. You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      2. You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      3. You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
+
+      4. If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.
+
+   You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+   
+-------
+
+### Eclipse Public License
+
+GeoServer is build using a number of eclipse libraries including emf and xsd made available under the Eclipse Public License.
+
+The notice for EPL license is included below:
+
+--------
+
+    Copyright (c) 2002-2006 IBM Corporation and others.
+    All rights reserved.   This program and the accompanying materials
+    are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
+    which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+    http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+
+-------
+
+### Java Service Launcher (JSL)
+
+GeoServer uses the Java Service Launcher (JSL) by Michael Roeschter as a wrapper to install GeoServer as a Windows service.
+The following license applies to this software (taken from https://roeschter.de/#license):
+
+-------
+
+    JAVA SERVICE LAUNCHER (JSL) is PUBLIC DOMAIN.
+
+    This means the software is FREE. Free means you may use or reuse 
+    any part of the software. You may package it with commercial software 
+    and use it in commercial and business environments. 
+    You may NOT claim copyright for the JSL software and it's source code 
+    or any parts of the software and source. 
+    Any derived work may retain a copyright or be commercialized as long 
+    as the JSL parts of it are not covered by this copyright.
+
+    You may distribute derived work in executable form and not include 
+    the JSL source code if JSL constitues only a minor part of the 
+    intellectual work (in other words, you can take the executable and 
+    embed it in a Java application you distribute commercially), but you 
+    may not charge in particular for or discriminate against the use of 
+    the parts derived from JSL.
+
+    Disclaimer: 
+    This software is supplied AS IS with no claim of fitness for purpose.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1fd466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# A geoserver docker image
+
+This Dockerfile can be used to create images for all geoserver versions since 2.5.
+
+* Debian based Linux
+* OpenJDK 11
+* Tomcat 9
+* GeoServer
+  * Support of custom fonts (e.g. for SLD styling)
+  * CORS support
+  * Support extensions
+  * Support additional libraries
+
+This README.md file covers use of official docker image, additional [build](BUILD.md) and [release](RELEASE.md) instructions are available.
+
+## How to run official release?
+
+To pull an official image use ``docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:{{VERSION}}``, e.g.:
+
+```shell
+docker pull docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+Afterwards you can run the pulled image locally with:
+
+```shell
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+Or if you want to start the container daemonized, use e.g.:
+
+```shell
+docker run -d -p 80:8080 docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+Check <http://localhost/geoserver> to see the geoserver page,
+and login with geoserver default `admin:geoserver` credentials.
+
+**IMPORTANT NOTE:** Please change the default ``geoserver`` and ``master`` passwords.
+
+For more information see the user-guide [docker installation instructions](https://docs.geoserver.org/latest/en/user/installation/docker.html).
+
+## How to mount an external folder for use as a data directory
+
+To use an external folder as your geoserver data directory.
+
+```shell
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 \
+  --mount src="/absolute/path/on/host",target=/opt/geoserver_data/,type=bind \
+  docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+An empty data directory will be populated on first use. You can easily update GeoServer while
+using the same data directory.
+
+## How to start a GeoServer without sample data?
+
+This image populates ``/opt/geoserver_data/`` with demo data by default. For production scenarios this is typically not desired.
+
+The environment variable `SKIP_DEMO_DATA` can be set to `true` to create an empty data directory.
+
+```shell
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 \
+  --env SKIP_DEMO_DATA=true \
+  docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+## How to issue a redirect from the root ("/") to GeoServer web interface ("/geoserver/web")?
+
+By default, the ROOT webapp is not available which makes requests to the root endpoint "/" return a 404 error.
+The environment variable `ROOT_WEBAPP_REDIRECT` can be set to `true` to issue a permanent redirect to the web interface.
+
+## How to download and install additional extensions on startup?
+
+The ``startup.sh`` script allows some customization on startup:
+
+* ``INSTALL_EXTENSIONS`` to ``true`` to download and install extensions
+* ``STABLE_EXTENSIONS`` list of extensions to download and install
+* ``CORS_ENABLED``
+
+Example installing wps and ysld extensions:
+
+```shell
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 \
+  --env INSTALL_EXTENSIONS=true --env STABLE_EXTENSIONS="wps,ysld" \
+  docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+The list of extensions (taken from SourceForge download page):
+
+```shell
+app-schema   gdal            jp2k          ogr-wps          web-resource
+authkey      geofence        libjpeg-turbo oracle           wmts-multi-dimensional
+cas          geofence-server mapml         params-extractor wps-cluster-hazelcast
+charts       geopkg-output   mbstyle       printing         wps-cluster-hazelcast
+control-flow grib            mongodb       pyramid          wps-download
+css          gwc-s3          monitor       querylayer       wps-jdbc
+csw          h2              mysql         sldservice       wps
+db2          imagemap        netcdf-out    sqlserver        xslt
+dxf          importer        netcdf        vectortiles      ysld
+excel        inspire         ogr-wfs       wcs2_0-eo
+```
+
+## How to install additional extensions from local folder?
+
+If you want to add geoserver extensions/libs, place the respective jar files in a directory and mount it like
+
+```shell
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 \
+  --mount src="/dir/with/libs/on/host",target=/opt/additional_libs,type=bind \
+  docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+## How to add additional fonts to the docker image (e.g. for SLD styling)?
+
+If you want to add custom fonts (the base image only contains 26 fonts) by using a mount:
+
+```shell
+docker run -it -p 80:8080 \
+  --mount src="/dir/with/fonts/on/host",target=/opt/additional_fonts,type=bind \
+  docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+**Note:** Do not change the target value!
+
+## How to use the docker-compose demo?
+
+The ``docker-compose-demo.yml`` to build with your own data directory and extensions.
+
+Stage geoserver data directory contents into ``geoserver_data``, and any extensions into ``additional_libs`` folder.
+
+Run ``docker-compose``:
+
+```shell
+docker-compose -f docker-compose-demo.yml up --build
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### How to watch geoserver.log from host?
+
+To watch ``geoserver.log`` of a running container:
+
+```shell
+docker exec -it {CONTAINER_ID} tail -f /opt/geoserver_data/logs/geoserver.log
+```
diff --git a/RELEASE.md b/RELEASE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d95548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/RELEASE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Release Process
+
+## How to publish official release?
+
+OSGeo maintains geoserver-docker.osgeo.org repository for publishing. The results are combined into docker.osgeo.org repository alongside other software such as PostGIS.
+
+Build locally:
+
+```shell
+docker build -t geoserver-docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1 .
+```
+
+Login using with osgeo user id:
+
+```shell
+docker login geoserver-docker.osgeo.org
+```
+
+Push to osgeo repository:
+
+```shell
+docker push geoserver-docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:2.23.1
+```
+
+## How to automate release?
+
+For CI purposes, the script in the `build` folder is used to simplify those steps.
+
+The variables `DOCKERUSER` and `DOCKERPASSWORD` have to be set with valid credentials before this script can push the image to the osgeo repo.
+
+You need to pass the action as the first argument (one of `build`, `publish` or `buildandpublish`), and the version as a second argument.
+
+The third, optional, is used to supply the jenkins build number - triggering a new war download. This is used when a release is re-published (such as with a nightly build).
+
+Examples:
+
+`./release.sh build 2.22.1`
+
+`./release.sh publish 2.23.1`
+
+`./release.sh buildandpublish 2.22.1`
+
+`./release.sh buildandpublish 2.24-SNAPSHOT 1234`
diff --git a/additional_fonts/.gitignore b/additional_fonts/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c146050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/additional_fonts/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Ignore everything in this directory
+*
+*/
+# Except this file
+!.gitignore
+
diff --git a/additional_libs/.gitignore b/additional_libs/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c146050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/additional_libs/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Ignore everything in this directory
+*
+*/
+# Except this file
+!.gitignore
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/BUILDING.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/BUILDING.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c23b99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/BUILDING.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+================================================================================
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+================================================================================
+
+            ====================================================
+            Building The Apache Tomcat 9.0 Servlet/JSP Container
+            ====================================================
+
+This project contains the source code for Tomcat 9.0, a container that
+implements the Servlet 4.0, JSP 2.3, EL 3.0, WebSocket 1.1 and JASPIC 1.1
+specifications from the Java Community Process <https://www.jcp.org/>.
+
+Note: If you just need to run Apache Tomcat, it is not necessary to build
+it. You may simply download a binary distribution. It is cross-platform.
+Read RUNNING.txt for the instruction on how to run it.
+
+In order to build a binary distribution version of Apache Tomcat from a
+source distribution, do the following:
+
+
+(1) Download and Install a Java Development Kit
+
+ 1. If the JDK is already installed, skip to (2).
+
+ 2. Download a version 11 or later of Java Development Kit (JDK) release (use
+    the latest update available for your chosen version) from one of:
+
+        http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
+        http://openjdk.java.net/install/index.html
+        or another JDK vendor.
+
+    Note regarding later versions of Java:
+
+      As documented elsewhere, one of components in Apache Tomcat includes
+      a private copy of the Apache Commons DBCP 2 library.
+
+      The JDBC interfaces implemented by DBCP frequently change in non-backwards
+      compatible ways between versions of the Java SE specification. Therefore,
+      it is likely that DBCP 2 will only compile with the specific version of Java
+      listed above and that compilation will fail if a later version of Java is
+      used.
+
+      See Apache Commons DBCP 2 project web site for more details on
+      available versions of the library and its requirements,
+
+        https://commons.apache.org/dbcp/
+
+ 3. Install the JDK according to the instructions included with the release.
+
+ 4. Set an environment variable JAVA_HOME to the pathname of the directory
+    into which you installed the JDK release.
+
+
+(2) Install Apache Ant version 1.10.2 or later on your computer.
+
+ 1. If Apache Ant version 1.10.2 or later is already installed on your
+    computer, skip to (3).
+
+ 2. Download a binary distribution of Ant from:
+
+        https://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi
+
+ 3. Unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location so that the
+    Ant release resides in its own directory (conventionally named
+    "apache-ant-[version]").
+
+    For the purposes of the remainder of this document, the symbolic name
+    "${ant.home}" is used to refer to the full pathname of the release
+    directory.
+
+ 4. Create an ANT_HOME environment variable to point the directory
+    ${ant.home}.
+
+ 5. Modify the PATH environment variable to include the directory
+    ${ant.home}/bin in its list.  This makes the "ant" command line script
+    available, which will be used to actually perform the build.
+
+
+(3) Building Tomcat 9.0
+
+(3.1) Checkout or obtain the source code for Tomcat 9.0
+
+Clone the source using git, then checkout a specific major branch or
+main for the latest code development, or download and unpack a source
+package.
+
+ *  Tomcat GitHub repository URL:
+
+        https://github.com/apache/tomcat
+
+ *  Source packages can be downloaded from:
+
+        https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi
+
+The location where the source has been placed will be further referred as
+${tomcat.source}.
+
+The Tomcat local build process does not modify line-endings. The svn repository
+is configured so that all files will be checked out with the line-ending
+appropriate for the current platform. When using a source package you should
+ensure that you use the source package that has the appropriate line-ending
+for your platform:
+
+  zip    -> CRLF
+  tar.gz -> LF
+
+Note that the release build process does modify line-endings to ensure that
+each release package has the appropriate line-endings.
+
+(3.2) Building
+
+ 1. The build is controlled by creating a ${tomcat.source}/build.properties
+    file.
+
+    It is recommended to always create the file, because of unfortunate
+    default value of base.path property. You may start with the following
+    content for the file:
+
+        # ----- Default Base Path for Dependent Packages -----
+        # Replace this path with the directory path where dependencies binaries
+        # should be downloaded
+        base.path=/home/me/some-place-to-download-to
+
+ 2. Configure base.path property by adding it to the
+    ${tomcat.source}/build.properties file.
+
+    The base.path property specifies the place where Tomcat dependencies
+    required by the build are downloaded. It is recommended to place this
+    directory outside of the source tree, so that you do not waste your
+    time re-downloading the libraries.
+
+* NOTE: The default value of the base.path property configures the build script
+  to download the libraries required to build Tomcat to the
+  ${user.home}/tomcat-build-libs directory.
+
+* NOTE: Users accessing the Internet through a proxy must use the properties
+  file to indicate to Ant the proxy configuration.
+
+  The following properties should be added to the ${tomcat.source}/build.properties
+  file.
+
+        proxy.use=true
+        proxy.host=proxy.domain
+        proxy.port=8080
+        proxy.user=username
+        proxy.password=password
+
+  See Apache Ant documentation for the <setproxy> task for details.
+
+ 3. Go to the sources directory and run Ant:
+
+        cd ${tomcat.source}
+        ant
+
+    This will execute the "deploy" target in build.xml.
+
+    Once the build has completed successfully, a usable Tomcat installation
+    will have been produced in the ${tomcat.source}/output/build directory,
+    and can be started and stopped with the usual scripts.
+
+    Note that the build includes Tomcat documentation, which can be found
+    in the output/build/webapps/docs directory.
+
+    The path of the output directory can be controlled by specifying the
+    "tomcat.output" property in the build.properties file.
+
+* NOTE: Do not run the build as the root user. Building and running Tomcat
+  does not require root privileges.
+
+
+(4) Updating sources and rebuilding
+
+It is recommended that you regularly update the downloaded Tomcat 9.0
+sources using your git client.
+
+For a quick rebuild of only modified code you can use:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant
+
+
+(5) Special builds
+
+There are several targets in Tomcat build files that are useful to be
+called separately. They build components that you may want to build
+quickly, or ones that are included in the full release and are not built
+during the default "deploy" build.
+
+(5.1) Building documentation
+
+The documentation web application is built during the default "deploy"
+build.
+
+It can be built quickly by using the following commands:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant build-docs
+
+The output of this command will be found in the following directory:
+
+    output/build/webapps/docs
+
+
+The API documentation (Javadoc) is built during a "release" build. It is
+easy to build it separately by using the following commands:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant javadoc
+
+The output of this command will be found in the following directories:
+
+    output/dist/webapps/docs/api
+    output/dist/webapps/docs/elapi
+    output/dist/webapps/docs/jspapi
+    output/dist/webapps/docs/servletapi
+
+
+(5.2) Building the extras (commons-logging, webservices etc.)
+
+These components are documented on the "Additional Components"
+(extras.html) page of documentation. They are built during a "release"
+build.
+
+You can build them by using the following commands:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant extras
+
+(5.3) Building the embedded packages
+
+These are built during a "release" build.
+
+You can build them by using the following commands:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant embed
+
+
+(6) Building a full release (as provided via the ASF download pages)
+
+    A full release includes the Windows installer which requires a Windows
+    environment to be available to create it. If not building in a Windows
+    environment, the build scripts assume that Wine is available. If this is not
+    the case, the skip.installer property may be set to skip the creation of the
+    Windows installer.
+
+    Provided that Wine is available on non-Windows platforms, a full release
+    build may be made on Windows, Linux or MacOS.
+
+ 1. Configure GPG, if needed
+
+    If the released artifacts have to be cryptographically signed with a
+    PGP signature, like the official ASF releases are, the following
+    property can be added to the build.properties file:
+
+        # Location of GPG executable (used only for releases)
+        gpg.exec=/path/to/gpg
+
+    You do not need it if you do not plan to sign the release.
+
+    If "gpg.exec" property does not point to an existing file, it will be
+    ignored and this feature will be deactivated.
+
+    You will be prompted for the GPG passphrase when the release build
+    starts, unless "gpg.passphrase" property is set.
+
+ 2. If building the Windows installer
+
+    If running the build in a UAC enabled environment, building the Windows
+    installer requires elevated privileges. The simplest way to do this is to
+    open the command prompt used for the build with the "Run as administrator"
+    option.
+
+ 3. Configure the code signing service
+
+    ASF committers performing official releases will need to configure the code
+    signing service so that the Windows installer is signed during the build
+    process. The following properties need to be added to the build.properties
+    file:
+
+        # Location of GPG executable (used only for releases)
+        gpg.exec=/path/to/gpg
+        # Code signing of Windows installer
+        do.codesigning=true
+        codesigning.storepass=request-via-pmc
+
+    Release managers will be provided with the necessary credentials by the PMC.
+
+ 4. Build the release:
+
+    Apache Tomcat releases are fully reproducible.
+
+    Release managers producing release builds must follow the following
+    procedure:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant pre-release
+    ant release
+    git commit -a -m "Tag <version-number>"
+    git tag <vesion-number>
+    git push origin <version-number>
+    ant release
+    git reset --hard HEAD~1
+
+    The output from either 'ant release' call may be uploaded as the official
+    release since they will be identical. It is recommended that the output from
+    the second call is used.
+
+    Anyone wishing to reproduce an official build must do so from an official
+    source release. The build tool chain defined in build.properties.release
+    must be used to reproduce an official build. Once unpacked to
+    ${tomcat.source}, the following steps must be followed
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant release
+
+    Following the same steps without using the defined build tool chain will
+    create a release that is functionally the same as an official release but
+    not bit for bit identical.
+
+
+(7) Tests
+
+(7.1) Running Tomcat tests
+
+Tomcat includes a number of junit tests. The tests are not run when a
+release is built. There is separate command to run them.
+
+To run the testsuite use the following command:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant test
+
+It is advisable to redirect output of the above command to a file for later
+inspection.
+
+The JUnit reports generated by the tests will be written to the following
+directory:
+
+    output/build/logs
+
+By default the testsuite is run three times to test 3 different
+implementations of Tomcat connectors: NIO, NIO2 and APR. (If you are not
+familiar with Tomcat connectors, see config/http.html in documentation for
+details).
+
+The 3 runs are activated and deactivated individually by the following
+properties, which all are "true" by default:
+
+    execute.test.nio=true
+    execute.test.nio2=true
+    execute.test.apr=true
+
+The APR connector can be tested only if Tomcat-Native library binaries are
+found by the testsuite. The "test.apr.loc" property specifies the directory
+where the library binaries are located.
+
+By default the "test.apr.loc" property specifies the following location:
+
+    output/build/bin/
+
+If you are on Windows and want to test the APR connector you can put the
+tcnative-1.dll file into ${tomcat.source}/bin/ and it will be copied
+into the above directory when the build runs.
+
+The unit tests include tests of the clustering functionality which require
+multicast to be enabled. There is a simple application provided in the Tomcat
+test source (org.apache.catalina.tribes.TesterMulticast) that can be used to
+check if a machine supports multicast. Notes on enabling multicast for different
+operating systems are provided in the Javadoc for that class.
+
+
+(7.2) Running a single test
+
+It is possible to run a single JUnit test class by adding the "test.entry"
+property to the build.properties file. The property specifies the name of
+the test class.
+
+For example:
+
+    test.entry=org.apache.catalina.util.TestServerInfo
+
+It is possible to further limit such run to a number of selected test
+methods by adding "test.entry.methods" property. The property specifies a
+comma-separated list of test case methods.
+
+For example:
+
+    test.entry=org.apache.el.lang.TestELArithmetic
+    test.entry.methods=testMultiply01,testMultiply02
+
+
+(7.3) Running a set of tests
+
+It is possible to run a set of JUnit test classes by adding the "test.name"
+property to the build.properties file. The property specifies an Ant
+includes pattern for the fileset of test class files to run.
+
+The default value is "**/Test*.java", so all test classes are being
+executed (with few exceptions - see build.xml for several exclude patterns).
+
+You can include multiple patterns by concatenating them with a comma (",")
+as the separator.
+
+For example:
+
+    test.name=**/TestSsl.java,**/TestWebSocketFrameClientSSL.java
+
+You can exclude specific JUnit test classes by adding the "test.exclude"
+property to the build.properties file. The property specifies an Ant
+excludes pattern for the fileset of test class files to exclude form the run.
+The default value is empty, so no classes are excluded. The syntax is the same
+as for the property "test.name".
+
+
+(7.4) Other configuration options
+
+ 1. It is possible to configure the directory where JUnit reports are
+ written to. It is configured by "test.reports" property. The default
+ value is
+
+        output/build/logs
+
+ 2. It is possible to enable generation of access log file when the tests
+ are run. This is off by default and can be enabled by the following
+ property:
+
+        test.accesslog=true
+
+ The "access_log.<date>" file will be written to the same directory as
+ JUnit reports,
+
+        output/build/logs
+
+ 3. The testsuite respects logging configuration as configured by
+ ${tomcat.source}/conf/logging.properties
+
+ The log files will be written to the temporary directory used by the
+ tests,
+
+        output/test-tmp/logs
+
+ 4. It is possible to configure formatter used by JUnit reports.
+ Configuration properties are "junit.formatter.type",
+ "junit.formatter.extension" and "junit.formatter.usefile".
+
+ For example the following property deactivates generation of separate report
+ files:
+
+        junit.formatter.usefile=false
+
+ 5. It is possible to speed up testing by letting JUnit to run several
+ tests in parallel.
+
+ This is configured by setting "test.threads" property. The recommended
+ value is one thread per core.
+
+ 6. Optional support is provided for the Cobertura code coverage tool.
+
+NOTE: Cobertura is licensed under GPL v2 with parts of it being under
+      Apache License v1.1. See https://cobertura.github.io/cobertura/ for details.
+      Using it during Tomcat build is optional and is off by default.
+
+ Cobertura can be enabled using the following properties:
+
+        test.cobertura=true
+        test.threads=1
+
+ Using Cobertura currently requires setting test.threads configuration
+ property to the value of 1. Setting that property to a different value
+ will deactivate code coverage.
+
+ The report files by default are written to
+
+        output/coverage
+
+ 7. The performance tests are written to run reasonably powerful machines (such
+    as a developer may use day to day) assuming no other resource hungry
+    processes are running.
+
+    These assumptions are not always true (e.g. on CI systems running in a
+    virtual machine) so the performance tests may be deactivated by using the
+    following property:
+
+        test.excludePerformance=true
+
+ 8. Some tests include checks that the access log valve entries are as expected.
+    These checks include timings. On slower / loaded systems these checks will
+    often fail. The checks may be relaxed by using the following property:
+
+        test.relaxTiming=true
+
+ 9. It is known that some platforms (e.g. OSX El Capitan) require IPv4 to
+    be the default for the multicast tests to work. This is configured by
+    the following property:
+
+        java.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
+
+ 10. By default the output of unit tests is sent to the console and can be
+     quite verbose. The output can be deactivated by setting the property:
+
+        test.verbose=false
+
+(8) Source code checks
+
+(8.1) Checkstyle
+
+NOTE: Checkstyle is licensed under LGPL. Using Checkstyle during Tomcat
+      build is optional and is off by default.
+
+      See http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/ for more information.
+
+Tomcat comes with a Checkstyle configuration that tests its source code
+for certain conventions, like presence of the license header.
+
+To enable Checkstyle, add the following property to build.properties file:
+
+    execute.validate=true
+
+Once Checkstyle is enabled, the check will be performed automatically
+during the build. The check is run before compilation of the source code.
+
+To speed-up repeated runs of this check, a cache is configured. The cache
+is located in the following directory:
+
+    output/res/checkstyle
+
+It is possible to run the check separately by calling the "validate"
+target. The command is:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant -Dexecute.validate=true validate
+
+
+(8.2) SpotBugs
+
+NOTE: SpotBugs is licensed under LGPL. Using SpotBugs during Tomcat build is
+      optional and is off by default.
+
+      See https://spotbugs.github.io/ for more information.
+
+To enable SpotBugs, add the following property to build.properties file:
+
+    execute.spotbugs=true
+
+To compile Tomcat classes and generate a SpotBugs report, call the
+"spotbugs" target. For example:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant -Dexecute.spotbugs=true spotbugs
+
+The report file by default is written to
+
+    output/spotbugs
+
+
+(8.3) End-of-line conventions check
+
+You usually would not need to run this check. You can skip this section.
+
+Apache Tomcat project has convention that all of its textual source files,
+stored in the Git repository, use Unix style LF line endings.
+
+This test is used by developers to check that the source code adheres to
+this convention. It verifies that the ends of lines in textual files are
+appropriate. The idea is to run this check regularly and notify developers
+when an inconsistency is detected.
+
+The command to run this test is:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant validate-eoln
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/CONTRIBUTING.md b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ffe20f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# Contributing to Apache Tomcat
+
+Firstly, thanks for your interest in contributing! I hope that this will be a
+pleasant experience for you, and that you will return to continue
+contributing.
+
+Please visit our [Get Involved page](https://tomcat.apache.org/getinvolved.html)
+for more information on how to contribute.
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
+This project and everyone participating in it are governed by the Apache
+software Foundation's
+[Code of Conduct](https://www.apache.org/foundation/policies/conduct.html). By
+participating, you are expected to adhere to this code. If you are aware of
+unacceptable behavior, please visit the
+[Reporting Guidelines page](https://www.apache.org/foundation/policies/conduct.html#reporting-guidelines)
+and follow the instructions there.
+
+## How Can I Contribute?
+
+Most of the contributions that we receive are code contributions, but you can
+also contribute to the documentation, wiki, etc., or simply report solid bugs
+for us to fix.
+
+### Reporting Bugs
+
+Please review our [guide](https://tomcat.apache.org/bugreport.html) on how to
+submit a bug report. This page also has links to other resources to assist
+you.
+
+### Reporting Translation improvements
+
+Apache Tomcat project uses POEditor for managing the localization files.
+Please see more at https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/vIPzBQ
+
+### Your First Code Contribution
+
+### Trouble Deciding How to Contribute?
+
+Unsure where to begin contributing to Tomcat? You can start by taking a look at
+the issues marked 'Beginner', link below. Please note that the Beginner keyword
+is pretty new to the project, so if there aren't any issues in the filter feel
+free to ask on the [dev list](https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-dev).
+
+* [Beginner issues](https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=NEW&bug_status=ASSIGNED&bug_status=REOPENED&bug_status=NEEDINFO&keywords=Beginner&keywords_type=allwords&list_id=160824&product=Tomcat%207&product=Tomcat%208.5&product=Tomcat%209&query_format=advanced) -
+issues which should only require a few lines of code, and a test or two to
+resolve.
+
+The list above shows all bugs that are marked 'Beginner' and are open in the
+currently supported Tomcat versions (7, 8.5, and 9).
+
+If you prefer C over Java, you may also take a look at the tomcat-native and
+Tomcat Connectors products in Bugzilla.
+
+### How to Provide Your First Patch
+
+Excited yet? This section will guide you through providing a patch to the
+committers of the project for review and acceptance.
+
+##### Choose Your Method of Submission
+
+You can provide a patch in one of the following ways (in order of preference):
+
+* GitHub Pull Request
+* Patch attachment to the Bugzilla issue
+* Email the patch to the developer list. This is not preferred, but if no bug
+is associated with the patch, or you would like a developer review, an email
+may be appropriate.
+
+##### Get the Sources
+
+Now that you've chosen how you want to submit a patch, you need to get the
+source code.
+
+###### Download The Source Distribution
+
+This method works if you want to submit a patch via email, but
+the difference in using the sources distribution and a VCS is that you have to
+manually generate the patch file by using diff. If this is what you want, you
+can download the sources from the "Source Code Distributions" section of the
+Download Page. There is one such page for every major Tomcat version:
+
+- [Tomcat 10](https://tomcat.apache.org/download-10.cgi)
+- [Tomcat 9](https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi)
+- [Tomcat 8](https://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi)
+- [Tomcat 7](https://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi)
+
+##### Manual Patch Generation
+
+If you have chosen to attach a patch to the Bugzilla issue (or email
+one), then you'll need to download the sources as noted above, make your
+desired changes and then manually generate your patch using diff (or any
+other tool).
+
+##### GitHub
+
+To submit a GitHub Pull Request you'll need to fork the
+[repository](https://github.com/apache/tomcat), clone your fork to do the work:
+
+```
+$ git clone https://github.com/$USERNAME/tomcat.git
+```
+
+and then push your changes, and submit a Pull Request via the GitHub UI.
+
+#### Submitting Your Patch!
+
+After you've chosen your method of submission, retrieved the sources, and
+fixed the issue it's time to submit your work. At this point, just follow
+the method of submission you chose earlier.
+
+* GitHub PR - after resolving the issue in your local fork and pushing to your
+copy of the repository, open a GitHub PR for review.
+* Bugzilla attachment - attach the patch to the Bugzilla issue
+* Email - again, not preferred, but you may send an email to the developer list
+with a patch attached for review.
+
+#### Waiting For Feedback
+
+It may take a while for committers to review. Please be patient during this
+time as all committers are volunteers on the project. If a significant amount
+of time has lapsed since your submission, such as a couple of months, feel free
+to either update your BZ, PR, or email the dev list with a message to bump your
+issue. Sometimes things get lost in all the work and we need a reminder :smile:
+
+## IDE Support
+
+Special IDE support for
+[Eclipse](https://www.eclipse.org/ide/),
+[IntelliJ IDEA](https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/) and
+[NetBeans](https://netbeans.org/)
+is provided through special ant targets:
+
+```bash
+ant ide-eclipse
+```
+```bash
+ant ide-intellij
+```
+```bash
+ant ide-netbeans
+```
+
+Just execute the ant target for your IDE after checking out the sources
+to set up the appropriate configuration files.
+Also make sure to re-execute the target after switching branches or
+after pulling upstream changes in order to keep your IDE configurations in sync.
+
+## Style Guide
+
+Apache Tomcat has very loosely defined coding conventions, but the following
+guidelines will be useful:
+
+* Use spaces for indenting, not tabs
+* 100 char line width for Java source, 80 char line width for documentation
+source (.txt, .xml)
+* Java source: { at end of line, 4 space indents
+* XML source: 2 space indents
+
+## Did we miss something?
+
+Have you reviewed this guide and found it lacking? Or are you confused about
+some particular step? If so, please let us know! Or better yet, submit a PR to
+address the issue :wink:
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/LICENSE b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6a6baf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
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+
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+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
+
+
+APACHE TOMCAT SUBCOMPONENTS:
+
+Apache Tomcat includes a number of subcomponents with separate copyright notices
+and license terms. Your use of these subcomponents is subject to the terms and
+conditions of the following licenses.
+
+
+For the Eclipse JDT Core Batch Compiler (ecj-x.x.x.jar) component:
+
+Eclipse Public License - v 1.0
+
+THE ACCOMPANYING PROGRAM IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS ECLIPSE PUBLIC
+LICENSE ("AGREEMENT"). ANY USE, REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM
+CONSTITUTES RECIPIENT'S ACCEPTANCE OF THIS AGREEMENT.
+
+1. DEFINITIONS
+
+"Contribution" means:
+
+a) in the case of the initial Contributor, the initial code and documentation
+distributed under this Agreement, and
+
+b) in the case of each subsequent Contributor:
+
+i) changes to the Program, and
+
+ii) additions to the Program;
+
+where such changes and/or additions to the Program originate from and are
+distributed by that particular Contributor. A Contribution 'originates' from a
+Contributor if it was added to the Program by such Contributor itself or anyone
+acting on such Contributor's behalf. Contributions do not include additions to
+the Program which: (i) are separate modules of software distributed in
+conjunction with the Program under their own license agreement, and (ii) are not
+derivative works of the Program.
+
+"Contributor" means any person or entity that distributes the Program.
+
+"Licensed Patents" mean patent claims licensable by a Contributor which are
+necessarily infringed by the use or sale of its Contribution alone or when
+combined with the Program.
+
+"Program" means the Contributions distributed in accordance with this Agreement.
+
+"Recipient" means anyone who receives the Program under this Agreement,
+including all Contributors.
+
+2. GRANT OF RIGHTS
+
+a) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants
+Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free copyright license to
+reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform,
+distribute and sublicense the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, and such
+derivative works, in source code and object code form.
+
+b) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants
+Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under Licensed
+Patents to make, use, sell, offer to sell, import and otherwise transfer the
+Contribution of such Contributor, if any, in source code and object code form.
+This patent license shall apply to the combination of the Contribution and the
+Program if, at the time the Contribution is added by the Contributor, such
+addition of the Contribution causes such combination to be covered by the
+Licensed Patents. The patent license shall not apply to any other combinations
+which include the Contribution. No hardware per se is licensed hereunder.
+
+c) Recipient understands that although each Contributor grants the licenses to
+its Contributions set forth herein, no assurances are provided by any
+Contributor that the Program does not infringe the patent or other intellectual
+property rights of any other entity. Each Contributor disclaims any liability to
+Recipient for claims brought by any other entity based on infringement of
+intellectual property rights or otherwise. As a condition to exercising the
+rights and licenses granted hereunder, each Recipient hereby assumes sole
+responsibility to secure any other intellectual property rights needed, if any.
+For example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient to
+distribute the Program, it is Recipient's responsibility to acquire that license
+before distributing the Program.
+
+d) Each Contributor represents that to its knowledge it has sufficient copyright
+rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant the copyright license set forth in
+this Agreement.
+
+3. REQUIREMENTS
+
+A Contributor may choose to distribute the Program in object code form under its
+own license agreement, provided that:
+
+a) it complies with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and
+
+b) its license agreement:
+
+i) effectively disclaims on behalf of all Contributors all warranties and
+conditions, express and implied, including warranties or conditions of title and
+non-infringement, and implied warranties or conditions of merchantability and
+fitness for a particular purpose;
+
+ii) effectively excludes on behalf of all Contributors all liability for
+damages, including direct, indirect, special, incidental and consequential
+damages, such as lost profits;
+
+iii) states that any provisions which differ from this Agreement are offered by
+that Contributor alone and not by any other party; and
+
+iv) states that source code for the Program is available from such Contributor,
+and informs licensees how to obtain it in a reasonable manner on or through a
+medium customarily used for software exchange.
+
+When the Program is made available in source code form:
+
+a) it must be made available under this Agreement; and
+
+b) a copy of this Agreement must be included with each copy of the Program.
+
+Contributors may not remove or alter any copyright notices contained within the
+Program.
+
+Each Contributor must identify itself as the originator of its Contribution, if
+any, in a manner that reasonably allows subsequent Recipients to identify the
+originator of the Contribution.
+
+4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION
+
+Commercial distributors of software may accept certain responsibilities with
+respect to end users, business partners and the like. While this license is
+intended to facilitate the commercial use of the Program, the Contributor who
+includes the Program in a commercial product offering should do so in a manner
+which does not create potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if
+a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such
+Contributor ("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and indemnify
+every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") against any losses, damages
+and costs (collectively "Losses") arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal
+actions brought by a third party against the Indemnified Contributor to the
+extent caused by the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in
+connection with its distribution of the Program in a commercial product
+offering. The obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses
+relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In order
+to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify the Commercial
+Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the Commercial Contributor
+to control, and cooperate with the Commercial Contributor in, the defense and
+any related settlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributor may
+participate in any such claim at its own expense.
+
+For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product
+offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial Contributor. If that
+Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties
+related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such
+Commercial Contributor's responsibility alone. Under this section, the
+Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other
+Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court
+requires any other Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial
+Contributor must pay those damages.
+
+5. NO WARRANTY
+
+EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS PROVIDED ON AN
+"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE,
+NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each
+Recipient is solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and
+distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its exercise of
+rights under this Agreement , including but not limited to the risks and costs
+of program errors, compliance with applicable laws, damage to or loss of data,
+programs or equipment, and unavailability or interruption of operations.
+
+6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
+
+EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT NOR ANY
+CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST
+PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS
+GRANTED HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+7. GENERAL
+
+If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under applicable
+law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the
+terms of this Agreement, and without further action by the parties hereto, such
+provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such
+provision valid and enforceable.
+
+If Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity (including a
+cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program itself
+(excluding combinations of the Program with other software or hardware)
+infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such Recipient's rights granted under
+Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+All Recipient's rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it fails to
+comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this Agreement and does
+not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time after becoming aware of
+such noncompliance. If all Recipient's rights under this Agreement terminate,
+Recipient agrees to cease use and distribution of the Program as soon as
+reasonably practicable. However, Recipient's obligations under this Agreement
+and any licenses granted by Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and
+survive.
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of this Agreement, but in
+order to avoid inconsistency the Agreement is copyrighted and may only be
+modified in the following manner. The Agreement Steward reserves the right to
+publish new versions (including revisions) of this Agreement from time to time.
+No one other than the Agreement Steward has the right to modify this Agreement.
+The Eclipse Foundation is the initial Agreement Steward. The Eclipse Foundation
+may assign the responsibility to serve as the Agreement Steward to a suitable
+separate entity. Each new version of the Agreement will be given a
+distinguishing version number. The Program (including Contributions) may always
+be distributed subject to the version of the Agreement under which it was
+received. In addition, after a new version of the Agreement is published,
+Contributor may elect to distribute the Program (including its Contributions)
+under the new version. Except as expressly stated in Sections 2(a) and 2(b)
+above, Recipient receives no rights or licenses to the intellectual property of
+any Contributor under this Agreement, whether expressly, by implication,
+estoppel or otherwise. All rights in the Program not expressly granted under
+this Agreement are reserved.
+
+This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and the
+intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party to this
+Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more than one year
+after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its rights to a jury trial in
+any resulting litigation.
+
+
+For the Windows Installer component:
+
+    * All NSIS source code, plug-ins, documentation, examples, header files and
+       graphics, with the exception of the compression modules and where
+       otherwise noted, are licensed under the zlib/libpng license.
+    * The zlib compression module for NSIS is licensed under the zlib/libpng
+       license.
+    * The bzip2 compression module for NSIS is licensed under the bzip2 license.
+    * The lzma compression module for NSIS is licensed under the Common Public
+       License version 1.0.
+
+zlib/libpng license
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In
+no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of
+this software.
+
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including
+commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to
+the following restrictions:
+
+   1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim
+       that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a
+       product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
+       appreciated but is not required.
+   2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+       misrepresented as being the original software.
+   3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
+
+bzip2 license
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+       this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+   2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim
+       that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a
+       product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
+       appreciated but is not required.
+   3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+       misrepresented as being the original software.
+   4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
+OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
+IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
+OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+Julian Seward, Cambridge, UK.
+
+jseward@acm.org
+Common Public License version 1.0
+
+THE ACCOMPANYING PROGRAM IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS COMMON PUBLIC
+LICENSE ("AGREEMENT"). ANY USE, REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM
+CONSTITUTES RECIPIENT'S ACCEPTANCE OF THIS AGREEMENT.
+
+1. DEFINITIONS
+
+"Contribution" means:
+
+a) in the case of the initial Contributor, the initial code and documentation
+distributed under this Agreement, and b) in the case of each subsequent
+Contributor:
+
+i) changes to the Program, and
+
+ii) additions to the Program;
+
+where such changes and/or additions to the Program originate from and are
+distributed by that particular Contributor. A Contribution 'originates' from a
+Contributor if it was added to the Program by such Contributor itself or anyone
+acting on such Contributor's behalf. Contributions do not include additions to
+the Program which: (i) are separate modules of software distributed in
+conjunction with the Program under their own license agreement, and (ii) are not
+derivative works of the Program.
+
+"Contributor" means any person or entity that distributes the Program.
+
+"Licensed Patents " mean patent claims licensable by a Contributor which are
+necessarily infringed by the use or sale of its Contribution alone or when
+combined with the Program.
+
+"Program" means the Contributions distributed in accordance with this Agreement.
+
+"Recipient" means anyone who receives the Program under this Agreement,
+including all Contributors.
+
+2. GRANT OF RIGHTS
+
+a) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants
+Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free copyright license to
+reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform,
+distribute and sublicense the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, and such
+derivative works, in source code and object code form.
+
+b) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants
+Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under Licensed
+Patents to make, use, sell, offer to sell, import and otherwise transfer the
+Contribution of such Contributor, if any, in source code and object code form.
+This patent license shall apply to the combination of the Contribution and the
+Program if, at the time the Contribution is added by the Contributor, such
+addition of the Contribution causes such combination to be covered by the
+Licensed Patents. The patent license shall not apply to any other combinations
+which include the Contribution. No hardware per se is licensed hereunder.
+
+c) Recipient understands that although each Contributor grants the licenses to
+its Contributions set forth herein, no assurances are provided by any
+Contributor that the Program does not infringe the patent or other intellectual
+property rights of any other entity. Each Contributor disclaims any liability to
+Recipient for claims brought by any other entity based on infringement of
+intellectual property rights or otherwise. As a condition to exercising the
+rights and licenses granted hereunder, each Recipient hereby assumes sole
+responsibility to secure any other intellectual property rights needed, if any.
+For example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient to
+distribute the Program, it is Recipient's responsibility to acquire that license
+before distributing the Program.
+
+d) Each Contributor represents that to its knowledge it has sufficient copyright
+rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant the copyright license set forth in
+this Agreement.
+
+3. REQUIREMENTS
+
+A Contributor may choose to distribute the Program in object code form under its
+own license agreement, provided that:
+
+a) it complies with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and
+
+b) its license agreement:
+
+i) effectively disclaims on behalf of all Contributors all warranties and
+conditions, express and implied, including warranties or conditions of title and
+non-infringement, and implied warranties or conditions of merchantability and
+fitness for a particular purpose;
+
+ii) effectively excludes on behalf of all Contributors all liability for
+damages, including direct, indirect, special, incidental and consequential
+damages, such as lost profits;
+
+iii) states that any provisions which differ from this Agreement are offered by
+that Contributor alone and not by any other party; and
+
+iv) states that source code for the Program is available from such Contributor,
+and informs licensees how to obtain it in a reasonable manner on or through a
+medium customarily used for software exchange.
+
+When the Program is made available in source code form:
+
+a) it must be made available under this Agreement; and
+
+b) a copy of this Agreement must be included with each copy of the Program.
+
+Contributors may not remove or alter any copyright notices contained within the
+Program.
+
+Each Contributor must identify itself as the originator of its Contribution, if
+any, in a manner that reasonably allows subsequent Recipients to identify the
+originator of the Contribution.
+
+4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION
+
+Commercial distributors of software may accept certain responsibilities with
+respect to end users, business partners and the like. While this license is
+intended to facilitate the commercial use of the Program, the Contributor who
+includes the Program in a commercial product offering should do so in a manner
+which does not create potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if
+a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such
+Contributor ("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and indemnify
+every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") against any losses, damages
+and costs (collectively "Losses") arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal
+actions brought by a third party against the Indemnified Contributor to the
+extent caused by the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in
+connection with its distribution of the Program in a commercial product
+offering. The obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses
+relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In order
+to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify the Commercial
+Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the Commercial Contributor to
+control, and cooperate with the Commercial Contributor in, the defense and any
+related settlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributor may participate in
+any such claim at its own expense.
+
+For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product
+offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial Contributor. If that
+Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties
+related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such
+Commercial Contributor's responsibility alone. Under this section, the
+Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other
+Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court
+requires any other Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial
+Contributor must pay those damages.
+
+5. NO WARRANTY
+
+EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS PROVIDED ON AN
+"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE,
+NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each
+Recipient is solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and
+distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its exercise of
+rights under this Agreement, including but not limited to the risks and costs of
+program errors, compliance with applicable laws, damage to or loss of data,
+programs or equipment, and unavailability or interruption of operations.
+
+6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
+
+EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT NOR ANY
+CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST
+PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS
+GRANTED HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+7. GENERAL
+
+If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under applicable
+law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the
+terms of this Agreement, and without further action by the parties hereto, such
+provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such
+provision valid and enforceable.
+
+If Recipient institutes patent litigation against a Contributor with respect to
+a patent applicable to software (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a
+lawsuit), then any patent licenses granted by that Contributor to such Recipient
+under this Agreement shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. In
+addition, if Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity
+(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program
+itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other software or hardware)
+infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such Recipient's rights granted under
+Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+All Recipient's rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it fails to
+comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this Agreement and does
+not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time after becoming aware of
+such noncompliance. If all Recipient's rights under this Agreement terminate,
+Recipient agrees to cease use and distribution of the Program as soon as
+reasonably practicable. However, Recipient's obligations under this Agreement
+and any licenses granted by Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and
+survive.
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of this Agreement, but in
+order to avoid inconsistency the Agreement is copyrighted and may only be
+modified in the following manner. The Agreement Steward reserves the right to
+publish new versions (including revisions) of this Agreement from time to time.
+No one other than the Agreement Steward has the right to modify this Agreement.
+IBM is the initial Agreement Steward. IBM may assign the responsibility to serve
+as the Agreement Steward to a suitable separate entity. Each new version of the
+Agreement will be given a distinguishing version number. The Program (including
+Contributions) may always be distributed subject to the version of the Agreement
+under which it was received. In addition, after a new version of the Agreement
+is published, Contributor may elect to distribute the Program (including its
+Contributions) under the new version. Except as expressly stated in Sections
+2(a) and 2(b) above, Recipient receives no rights or licenses to the
+intellectual property of any Contributor under this Agreement, whether
+expressly, by implication, estoppel or otherwise. All rights in the Program not
+expressly granted under this Agreement are reserved.
+
+This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and the
+intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party to this
+Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more than one year
+after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its rights to a jury trial in
+any resulting litigation.
+
+Special exception for LZMA compression module
+
+Igor Pavlov and Amir Szekely, the authors of the LZMA compression module for
+NSIS, expressly permit you to statically or dynamically link your code (or bind
+by name) to the files from the LZMA compression module for NSIS without
+subjecting your linked code to the terms of the Common Public license version
+1.0. Any modifications or additions to files from the LZMA compression module
+for NSIS, however, are subject to the terms of the Common Public License version
+1.0.
+
+
+For the following XML Schemas for Java EE Deployment Descriptors:
+ - javaee_5.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_1_2.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_client_1_2.xsd
+ - javaee_6.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_1_3.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_client_1_3.xsd
+ - jsp_2_2.xsd
+ - web-app_3_0.xsd
+ - web-common_3_0.xsd
+ - web-fragment_3_0.xsd
+ - javaee_7.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_1_4.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_client_1_4.xsd
+ - jsp_2_3.xsd
+ - web-app_3_1.xsd
+ - web-common_3_1.xsd
+ - web-fragment_3_1.xsd
+ - javaee_8.xsd
+ - web-app_4_0.xsd
+ - web-common_4_0.xsd
+ - web-fragment_4_0.xsd
+
+COMMON DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION LICENSE (CDDL) Version 1.0
+
+1. Definitions.
+
+   1.1. Contributor. means each individual or entity that creates or contributes
+        to the creation of Modifications.
+
+   1.2. Contributor Version. means the combination of the Original Software,
+        prior Modifications used by a Contributor (if any), and the
+        Modifications made by that particular Contributor.
+
+   1.3. Covered Software. means (a) the Original Software, or (b) Modifications,
+        or (c) the combination of files containing Original Software with files
+        containing Modifications, in each case including portions thereof.
+
+   1.4. Executable. means the Covered Software in any form other than Source
+        Code.
+
+   1.5. Initial Developer. means the individual or entity that first makes
+        Original Software available under this License.
+
+   1.6. Larger Work. means a work which combines Covered Software or portions
+        thereof with code not governed by the terms of this License.
+
+   1.7. License. means this document.
+
+   1.8. Licensable. means having the right to grant, to the maximum extent
+        possible, whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently
+        acquired, any and all of the rights conveyed herein.
+
+   1.9. Modifications. means the Source Code and Executable form of any of the
+        following:
+
+        A. Any file that results from an addition to, deletion from or
+           modification of the contents of a file containing Original Software
+           or previous Modifications;
+
+        B. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Software or
+           previous Modification; or
+
+        C. Any new file that is contributed or otherwise made available under
+           the terms of this License.
+
+   1.10. Original Software. means the Source Code and Executable form of
+         computer software code that is originally released under this License.
+
+   1.11. Patent Claims. means any patent claim(s), now owned or hereafter
+         acquired, including without limitation, method, process, and apparatus
+         claims, in any patent Licensable by grantor.
+
+   1.12. Source Code. means (a) the common form of computer software code in
+         which modifications are made and (b) associated documentation included
+         in or with such code.
+
+   1.13. You. (or .Your.) means an individual or a legal entity exercising
+         rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For
+         legal entities, .You. includes any entity which controls, is controlled
+         by, or is under common control with You. For purposes of this
+         definition, .control. means (a) the power, direct or indirect, to cause
+         the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+         otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the
+         outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+2. License Grants.
+
+      2.1. The Initial Developer Grant.
+
+      Conditioned upon Your compliance with Section 3.1 below and subject to
+      third party intellectual property claims, the Initial Developer hereby
+      grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license:
+
+        (a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark)
+            Licensable by Initial Developer, to use, reproduce, modify, display,
+            perform, sublicense and distribute the Original Software (or
+            portions thereof), with or without Modifications, and/or as part of
+            a Larger Work; and
+
+        (b) under Patent Claims infringed by the making, using or selling of
+            Original Software, to make, have made, use, practice, sell, and
+            offer for sale, and/or otherwise dispose of the Original Software
+            (or portions thereof).
+
+        (c) The licenses granted in Sections 2.1(a) and (b) are effective on the
+            date Initial Developer first distributes or otherwise makes the
+            Original Software available to a third party under the terms of this
+            License.
+
+        (d) Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is granted:
+            (1) for code that You delete from the Original Software, or (2) for
+            infringements caused by: (i) the modification of the Original
+            Software, or (ii) the combination of the Original Software with
+            other software or devices.
+
+    2.2. Contributor Grant.
+
+    Conditioned upon Your compliance with Section 3.1 below and subject to third
+    party intellectual property claims, each Contributor hereby grants You a
+    world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license:
+
+        (a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark)
+            Licensable by Contributor to use, reproduce, modify, display,
+            perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by such
+            Contributor (or portions thereof), either on an unmodified basis,
+            with other Modifications, as Covered Software and/or as part of a
+            Larger Work; and
+
+        (b) under Patent Claims infringed by the making, using, or selling of
+            Modifications made by that Contributor either alone and/or in
+            combination with its Contributor Version (or portions of such
+            combination), to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and/or
+            otherwise dispose of: (1) Modifications made by that Contributor (or
+            portions thereof); and (2) the combination of Modifications made by
+            that Contributor with its Contributor Version (or portions of such
+            combination).
+
+        (c) The licenses granted in Sections 2.2(a) and 2.2(b) are effective on
+            the date Contributor first distributes or otherwise makes the
+            Modifications available to a third party.
+
+        (d) Notwithstanding Section 2.2(b) above, no patent license is granted:
+            (1) for any code that Contributor has deleted from the Contributor
+            Version; (2) for infringements caused by: (i) third party
+            modifications of Contributor Version, or (ii) the combination of
+            Modifications made by that Contributor with other software (except
+            as part of the Contributor Version) or other devices; or (3) under
+            Patent Claims infringed by Covered Software in the absence of
+            Modifications made by that Contributor.
+
+3. Distribution Obligations.
+
+      3.1. Availability of Source Code.
+      Any Covered Software that You distribute or otherwise make available in
+      Executable form must also be made available in Source Code form and that
+      Source Code form must be distributed only under the terms of this License.
+      You must include a copy of this License with every copy of the Source Code
+      form of the Covered Software You distribute or otherwise make available.
+      You must inform recipients of any such Covered Software in Executable form
+      as to how they can obtain such Covered Software in Source Code form in a
+      reasonable manner on or through a medium customarily used for software
+      exchange.
+
+      3.2. Modifications.
+      The Modifications that You create or to which You contribute are governed
+      by the terms of this License. You represent that You believe Your
+      Modifications are Your original creation(s) and/or You have sufficient
+      rights to grant the rights conveyed by this License.
+
+      3.3. Required Notices.
+      You must include a notice in each of Your Modifications that identifies
+      You as the Contributor of the Modification. You may not remove or alter
+      any copyright, patent or trademark notices contained within the Covered
+      Software, or any notices of licensing or any descriptive text giving
+      attribution to any Contributor or the Initial Developer.
+
+      3.4. Application of Additional Terms.
+      You may not offer or impose any terms on any Covered Software in Source
+      Code form that alters or restricts the applicable version of this License
+      or the recipients. rights hereunder. You may choose to offer, and to
+      charge a fee for, warranty, support, indemnity or liability obligations to
+      one or more recipients of Covered Software. However, you may do so only on
+      Your own behalf, and not on behalf of the Initial Developer or any
+      Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear that any such warranty,
+      support, indemnity or liability obligation is offered by You alone, and
+      You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor
+      for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor as
+      a result of warranty, support, indemnity or liability terms You offer.
+
+      3.5. Distribution of Executable Versions.
+      You may distribute the Executable form of the Covered Software under the
+      terms of this License or under the terms of a license of Your choice,
+      which may contain terms different from this License, provided that You are
+      in compliance with the terms of this License and that the license for the
+      Executable form does not attempt to limit or alter the recipient.s rights
+      in the Source Code form from the rights set forth in this License. If You
+      distribute the Covered Software in Executable form under a different
+      license, You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which differ
+      from this License are offered by You alone, not by the Initial Developer
+      or Contributor. You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and
+      every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or
+      such Contributor as a result of any such terms You offer.
+
+      3.6. Larger Works.
+      You may create a Larger Work by combining Covered Software with other code
+      not governed by the terms of this License and distribute the Larger Work
+      as a single product. In such a case, You must make sure the requirements
+      of this License are fulfilled for the Covered Software.
+
+4. Versions of the License.
+
+      4.1. New Versions.
+      Sun Microsystems, Inc. is the initial license steward and may publish
+      revised and/or new versions of this License from time to time. Each
+      version will be given a distinguishing version number. Except as provided
+      in Section 4.3, no one other than the license steward has the right to
+      modify this License.
+
+      4.2. Effect of New Versions.
+      You may always continue to use, distribute or otherwise make the Covered
+      Software available under the terms of the version of the License under
+      which You originally received the Covered Software. If the Initial
+      Developer includes a notice in the Original Software prohibiting it from
+      being distributed or otherwise made available under any subsequent version
+      of the License, You must distribute and make the Covered Software
+      available under the terms of the version of the License under which You
+      originally received the Covered Software. Otherwise, You may also choose
+      to use, distribute or otherwise make the Covered Software available under
+      the terms of any subsequent version of the License published by the
+      license steward.
+
+      4.3. Modified Versions.
+      When You are an Initial Developer and You want to create a new license for
+      Your Original Software, You may create and use a modified version of this
+      License if You: (a) rename the license and remove any references to the
+      name of the license steward (except to note that the license differs from
+      this License); and (b) otherwise make it clear that the license contains
+      terms which differ from this License.
+
+5. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.
+
+   COVERED SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN .AS IS. BASIS, WITHOUT
+   WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT
+   LIMITATION, WARRANTIES THAT THE COVERED SOFTWARE IS FREE OF DEFECTS,
+   MERCHANTABLE, FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGING. THE ENTIRE RISK
+   AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED SOFTWARE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD
+   ANY COVERED SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT, YOU (NOT THE INITIAL
+   DEVELOPER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY
+   SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN
+   ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE OF ANY COVERED SOFTWARE IS AUTHORIZED
+   HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER.
+
+6. TERMINATION.
+
+      6.1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate
+           automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to
+           cure such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach.
+           Provisions which, by their nature, must remain in effect beyond the
+           termination of this License shall survive.
+
+      6.2. If You assert a patent infringement claim (excluding declaratory
+           judgment actions) against Initial Developer or a Contributor (the
+           Initial Developer or Contributor against whom You assert such claim
+           is referred to as .Participant.) alleging that the Participant
+           Software (meaning the Contributor Version where the Participant is a
+           Contributor or the Original Software where the Participant is the
+           Initial Developer) directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then
+           any and all rights granted directly or indirectly to You by such
+           Participant, the Initial Developer (if the Initial Developer is not
+           the Participant) and all Contributors under Sections 2.1 and/or 2.2
+           of this License shall, upon 60 days notice from Participant terminate
+           prospectively and automatically at the expiration of such 60 day
+           notice period, unless if within such 60 day period You withdraw Your
+           claim with respect to the Participant Software against such
+           Participant either unilaterally or pursuant to a written agreement
+           with Participant.
+
+      6.3. In the event of termination under Sections 6.1 or 6.2 above, all end
+           user licenses that have been validly granted by You or any
+           distributor hereunder prior to termination (excluding licenses
+           granted to You by any distributor) shall survive termination.
+
+7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.
+
+   UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING
+   NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL YOU, THE INITIAL DEVELOPER, ANY
+   OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF COVERED SOFTWARE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF
+   ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
+   INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT
+   LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE,
+   COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR
+   LOSSES, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+   SUCH DAMAGES. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR
+   DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY.S NEGLIGENCE TO THE EXTENT
+   APPLICABLE LAW PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE
+   EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THIS
+   EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
+
+8. U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS.
+
+   The Covered Software is a .commercial item,. as that term is defined in 48
+   C.F.R. 2.101 (Oct. 1995), consisting of .commercial computer software. (as
+   that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. ? 252.227-7014(a)(1)) and commercial
+   computer software documentation. as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212
+   (Sept. 1995). Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1
+   through 227.7202-4 (June 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire Covered
+   Software with only those rights set forth herein. This U.S. Government Rights
+   clause is in lieu of, and supersedes, any other FAR, DFAR, or other clause or
+   provision that addresses Government rights in computer software under this
+   License.
+
+9. MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+   This License represents the complete agreement concerning subject matter
+   hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such
+   provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it
+   enforceable. This License shall be governed by the law of the jurisdiction
+   specified in a notice contained within the Original Software (except to the
+   extent applicable law, if any, provides otherwise), excluding such
+   jurisdiction's conflict-of-law provisions. Any litigation relating to this
+   License shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts located in the
+   jurisdiction and venue specified in a notice contained within the Original
+   Software, with the losing party responsible for costs, including, without
+   limitation, court costs and reasonable attorneys. fees and expenses. The
+   application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the
+   International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any law or regulation
+   which provides that the language of a contract shall be construed against
+   the drafter shall not apply to this License. You agree that You alone are
+   responsible for compliance with the United States export administration
+   regulations (and the export control laws and regulation of any other
+   countries) when You use, distribute or otherwise make available any Covered
+   Software.
+
+10. RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS.
+
+   As between Initial Developer and the Contributors, each party is responsible
+   for claims and damages arising, directly or indirectly, out of its
+   utilization of rights under this License and You agree to work with Initial
+   Developer and Contributors to distribute such responsibility on an equitable
+   basis. Nothing herein is intended or shall be deemed to constitute any
+   admission of liability.
+
+   NOTICE PURSUANT TO SECTION 9 OF THE COMMON DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
+   LICENSE (CDDL)
+
+   The code released under the CDDL shall be governed by the laws of the State
+   of California (excluding conflict-of-law provisions). Any litigation relating
+   to this License shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of
+   the Northern District of California and the state courts of the State of
+   California, with venue lying in Santa Clara County, California.
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/NOTICE b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/NOTICE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13f15a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/NOTICE
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+Apache Tomcat
+Copyright 1999-2023 The Apache Software Foundation
+
+This product includes software developed at
+The Apache Software Foundation (https://www.apache.org/).
+
+This software contains code derived from netty-native
+developed by the Netty project
+(https://netty.io, https://github.com/netty/netty-tcnative/)
+and from finagle-native developed at Twitter
+(https://github.com/twitter/finagle).
+
+This software contains code derived from jgroups-kubernetes
+developed by the JGroups project (http://www.jgroups.org/).
+
+The Windows Installer is built with the Nullsoft
+Scriptable Install System (NSIS), which is
+open source software.  The original software and
+related information is available at
+http://nsis.sourceforge.net.
+
+Java compilation software for JSP pages is provided by the Eclipse
+JDT Core Batch Compiler component, which is open source software.
+The original software and related information is available at
+https://www.eclipse.org/jdt/core/.
+
+org.apache.tomcat.util.json.JSONParser.jj is a public domain javacc grammar
+for JSON written by Robert Fischer.
+https://github.com/RobertFischer/json-parser
+
+For portions of the Tomcat JNI OpenSSL API and the OpenSSL JSSE integration
+The org.apache.tomcat.jni and the org.apache.tomcat.net.openssl packages
+are derivative work originating from the Netty project and the finagle-native
+project developed at Twitter
+* Copyright 2014 The Netty Project
+* Copyright 2014 Twitter
+
+For portions of the Tomcat cloud support
+The org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.cloud package contains derivative
+work originating from the jgroups project.
+https://github.com/jgroups-extras/jgroups-kubernetes
+Copyright 2002-2018 Red Hat Inc.
+
+The original XML Schemas for Java EE Deployment Descriptors:
+ - javaee_5.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_1_2.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_client_1_2.xsd
+ - javaee_6.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_1_3.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_client_1_3.xsd
+ - jsp_2_2.xsd
+ - web-app_3_0.xsd
+ - web-common_3_0.xsd
+ - web-fragment_3_0.xsd
+ - javaee_7.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_1_4.xsd
+ - javaee_web_services_client_1_4.xsd
+ - jsp_2_3.xsd
+ - web-app_3_1.xsd
+ - web-common_3_1.xsd
+ - web-fragment_3_1.xsd
+ - javaee_8.xsd
+ - web-app_4_0.xsd
+ - web-common_4_0.xsd
+ - web-fragment_4_0.xsd
+
+may be obtained from:
+http://www.oracle.com/webfolder/technetwork/jsc/xml/ns/javaee/index.html
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/README.md b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..839a367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+## Welcome to Apache Tomcat!
+
+### What Is It?
+
+The Apache Tomcat® software is an open source implementation of the Java
+Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language and Java WebSocket
+technologies. The Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language and
+Java WebSocket specifications are developed under the
+[Java Community Process](https://jcp.org/en/introduction/overview).
+
+The Apache Tomcat software is developed in an open and participatory
+environment and released under the
+[Apache License version 2](https://www.apache.org/licenses/). The Apache Tomcat
+project is intended to be a collaboration of the best-of-breed developers from
+around the world. We invite you to participate in this open development
+project. To learn more about getting involved,
+[click here](https://tomcat.apache.org/getinvolved.html) or keep reading.
+
+Apache Tomcat software powers numerous large-scale, mission-critical web
+applications across a diverse range of industries and organizations. Some of
+these users and their stories are listed on the
+[PoweredBy wiki page](https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/PoweredBy).
+
+Apache Tomcat, Tomcat, Apache, the Apache feather, and the Apache Tomcat
+project logo are trademarks of the Apache Software Foundation.
+
+### Get It
+
+For every major Tomcat version there is one download page containing
+links to the latest binary and source code downloads, but also
+links for browsing the download directories and archives:
+- [Tomcat 10](https://tomcat.apache.org/download-10.cgi)
+- [Tomcat 9](https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi)
+- [Tomcat 8](https://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi)
+- [Tomcat 7](https://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi)
+
+To facilitate choosing the right major Tomcat version one, we have provided a
+[version overview page](https://tomcat.apache.org/whichversion.html).
+
+### Documentation
+
+The documentation available as of the date of this release is
+included in the docs webapp which ships with tomcat. You can access that webapp
+by starting tomcat and visiting <http://localhost:8080/docs/> in your browser.
+The most up-to-date documentation for each version can be found at:
+- [Tomcat 10.1](https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-10.1-doc/)
+- [Tomcat 10.0](https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-10.0-doc/)
+- [Tomcat 9](https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/)
+- [Tomcat 8](https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.5-doc/)
+
+### Installation
+
+Please see [RUNNING.txt](RUNNING.txt) for more info.
+
+### Licensing
+
+Please see [LICENSE](LICENSE) for more info.
+
+### Support and Mailing List Information
+
+* Free community support is available through the
+[tomcat-users](https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-users) email list and
+a dedicated [IRC channel](https://tomcat.apache.org/irc.html) (#tomcat on
+Freenode).
+
+* If you want freely available support for running Apache Tomcat, please see the
+resources page [here](https://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html).
+
+* If you want to be informed about new code releases, bug fixes,
+security fixes, general news and information about Apache Tomcat, please
+subscribe to the
+[tomcat-announce](https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-announce) email
+list.
+
+* If you have a concrete bug report for Apache Tomcat, please see the
+instructions for reporting a bug
+[here](https://tomcat.apache.org/bugreport.html).
+
+### Contributing
+
+Please see [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md) for more info.
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/RELEASE-NOTES b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/RELEASE-NOTES
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30a9a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/RELEASE-NOTES
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+================================================================================
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+================================================================================
+
+
+                     Apache Tomcat Version 9.0.75
+                            Release Notes
+
+
+=========
+CONTENTS:
+=========
+
+* Dependency Changes
+* API Stability
+* Bundled APIs
+* Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries
+* Security manager URLs
+* Symlinking static resources
+* Viewing the Tomcat Change Log
+* Cryptographic software notice
+* When all else fails
+
+
+===================
+Dependency Changes:
+===================
+Tomcat 9.0 is designed to run on Java 8 and later.
+
+
+==============
+API Stability:
+==============
+
+The public interfaces for the following classes are fixed and will not be
+changed at all during the remaining lifetime of the 9.x series:
+- All classes in the javax namespace
+
+The public interfaces for the following classes may be added to in order to
+resolve bugs and/or add new features. No existing interface method will be
+removed or changed although it may be deprecated.
+- org.apache.catalina.* (excluding sub-packages)
+
+Note: As Tomcat 9 matures, the above list will be added to. The list is not
+      considered complete at this time.
+
+The remaining classes are considered part of the Tomcat internals and may change
+without notice between point releases.
+
+
+=============
+Bundled APIs:
+=============
+A standard installation of Tomcat 9.0 makes all of the following APIs available
+for use by web applications (by placing them in "lib"):
+* annotations-api.jar (Annotations package)
+* catalina.jar (Tomcat Catalina implementation)
+* catalina-ant.jar (Tomcat Catalina Ant tasks)
+* catalina-ha.jar (High availability package)
+* catalina-ssi.jar (Server-side Includes module)
+* catalina-storeconfig.jar (Generation of XML configuration from current state)
+* catalina-tribes.jar (Group communication)
+* ecj-4.20.jar (Eclipse JDT Java compiler)
+* el-api.jar (EL 3.0 API)
+* jasper.jar (Jasper 2 Compiler and Runtime)
+* jasper-el.jar (Jasper 2 EL implementation)
+* jsp-api.jar (JSP 2.3 API)
+* servlet-api.jar (Servlet 4.0 API)
+* tomcat-api.jar (Interfaces shared by Catalina and Jasper)
+* tomcat-coyote.jar (Tomcat connectors and utility classes)
+* tomcat-dbcp.jar (package renamed database connection pool based on Commons DBCP 2)
+* tomcat-jdbc.jar (Tomcat's database connection pooling solution)
+* tomcat-jni.jar (Interface to the native component of the APR/native connector)
+* tomcat-util.jar (Various utilities)
+* tomcat-websocket.jar (WebSocket 1.1 implementation)
+* websocket-api.jar (WebSocket 1.1 API)
+
+You can make additional APIs available to all of your web applications by
+putting unpacked classes into a "classes" directory (not created by default),
+or by placing them in JAR files in the "lib" directory.
+
+To override the XML parser implementation or interfaces, use the appropriate
+feature for your JVM. For Java <= 8 use the endorsed standards override
+feature. The default configuration defines JARs located in "endorsed" as endorsed.
+For Java 9+ use the upgradeable modules feature.
+
+
+================================================================
+Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries:
+================================================================
+Some shared libraries (many are part of the JDK) keep references to objects
+instantiated by the web application. To avoid class loading related problems
+(ClassCastExceptions, messages indicating that the classloader
+is stopped, etc.), the shared libraries state should be reinitialized.
+
+Something which might help is to avoid putting classes which would be
+referenced by a shared static field in the web application classloader,
+and putting them in the shared classloader instead (JARs should be put in the
+"lib" folder, and classes should be put in the "classes" folder).
+
+
+======================
+Security manager URLs:
+======================
+In order to grant security permissions to JARs located inside the
+web application repository, use URLs of the following format
+in your policy file:
+
+file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar
+
+
+============================
+Symlinking static resources:
+============================
+By default, Unix symlinks will not work when used in a web application to link
+resources located outside the web application root directory.
+
+This behavior is optional, and the "allowLinking" flag may be used to deactivate
+the check.
+
+
+==============================
+Viewing the Tomcat Change Log:
+==============================
+The full change log is available from https://tomcat.apache.org and is also
+included in the documentation web application.
+
+
+=============================
+Cryptographic software notice
+=============================
+This distribution includes cryptographic software.  The country in
+which you currently reside may have restrictions on the import,
+possession, use, and/or re-export to another country, of
+encryption software.  BEFORE using any encryption software, please
+check your country's laws, regulations and policies concerning the
+import, possession, or use, and re-export of encryption software, to
+see if this is permitted.  See <http://www.wassenaar.org/> for more
+information.
+
+The U.S. Government Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and
+Security (BIS), has classified this software as Export Commodity
+Control Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.1, which includes information security
+software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric
+algorithms.  The form and manner of this Apache Software Foundation
+distribution makes it eligible for export under the License Exception
+ENC Technology Software Unrestricted (TSU) exception (see the BIS
+Export Administration Regulations, Section 740.13) for both object
+code and source code.
+
+The following provides more details on the included cryptographic
+software:
+  - Tomcat includes code designed to work with JSSE
+  - Tomcat includes code designed to work with OpenSSL
+
+
+====================
+When all else fails:
+====================
+See the FAQ
+https://tomcat.apache.org/faq/
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/RUNNING.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/RUNNING.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd4540a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/RUNNING.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+================================================================================
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+================================================================================
+
+            ===================================================
+            Running The Apache Tomcat 9.0 Servlet/JSP Container
+            ===================================================
+
+Apache Tomcat 9.0 requires a Java Standard Edition Runtime
+Environment (JRE) version 8 or later.
+
+=============================
+Running With JRE 8 Or Later
+=============================
+
+(1) Download and Install a Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE)
+
+(1.1) Download a Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE),
+      release version 8 or later, from
+      http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
+
+(1.2) Install the JRE according to the instructions included with the
+      release.
+
+      You may also use a full Java Development Kit (JDK) rather than just
+      a JRE.
+
+
+(2) Download and Install Apache Tomcat
+
+(2.1) Download a binary distribution of Tomcat from:
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/
+
+(2.2) Unpack the binary distribution so that it resides in its own
+      directory (conventionally named "apache-tomcat-[version]").
+
+      For the purposes of the remainder of this document, the name
+      "CATALINA_HOME" is used to refer to the full pathname of that
+      directory.
+
+NOTE:  As an alternative to downloading a binary distribution, you can
+create your own from the Tomcat source code, as described in
+"BUILDING.txt".  You can either
+
+  a)  Do the full "release" build and find the created distribution in the
+      "output/release" directory and then proceed with unpacking as above, or
+
+  b)  Do a simple build and use the "output/build" directory as
+      "CATALINA_HOME".  Be warned that there are some differences between the
+      contents of the "output/build" directory and a full "release"
+      distribution.
+
+
+(3) Configure Environment Variables
+
+Tomcat is a Java application and does not use environment variables directly.
+Environment variables are used by the Tomcat startup scripts. The scripts use
+the environment variables to prepare the command that starts Tomcat.
+
+(3.1) Set CATALINA_HOME (required) and CATALINA_BASE (optional)
+
+The CATALINA_HOME environment variable should be set to the location of the
+root directory of the "binary" distribution of Tomcat.
+
+The Tomcat startup scripts have some logic to set this variable
+automatically if it is absent, based on the location of the startup script
+in *nix and on the current directory in Windows. That logic might not work
+in all circumstances, so setting the variable explicitly is recommended.
+
+The CATALINA_BASE environment variable specifies location of the root
+directory of the "active configuration" of Tomcat. It is optional. It
+defaults to be equal to CATALINA_HOME.
+
+Using distinct values for the CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE variables is
+recommended to simplify further upgrades and maintenance. It is documented
+in the "Multiple Tomcat Instances" section below.
+
+
+(3.2) Set JRE_HOME or JAVA_HOME (required)
+
+These variables are used to specify location of a Java Runtime
+Environment or of a Java Development Kit that is used to start Tomcat.
+
+The JRE_HOME variable is used to specify location of a JRE. The JAVA_HOME
+variable is used to specify location of a JDK.
+
+Using JAVA_HOME provides access to certain additional startup options that
+are not allowed when JRE_HOME is used.
+
+If both JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME are specified, JRE_HOME is used.
+
+The recommended place to specify these variables is a "setenv" script. See
+below.
+
+
+(3.3) Other variables (optional)
+
+Other environment variables exist, besides the four described above.
+See the comments at the top of catalina.bat or catalina.sh scripts for
+the list and a description of each of them.
+
+One frequently used variable is CATALINA_OPTS. It allows specification of
+additional options for the java command that starts Tomcat.
+
+See the Java documentation for the options that affect the Java Runtime
+Environment.
+
+See the "System Properties" page in the Tomcat Configuration Reference for
+the system properties that are specific to Tomcat.
+
+A similar variable is JAVA_OPTS. It is used less frequently. It allows
+specification of options that are used both to start and to stop Tomcat as well
+as for other commands.
+
+Note: Do not use JAVA_OPTS to specify memory limits. You do not need much
+memory for a small process that is used to stop Tomcat. Those settings
+belong to CATALINA_OPTS.
+
+Another frequently used variable is CATALINA_PID (on *nix only). It
+specifies the location of the file where process id of the forked Tomcat
+java process will be written. This setting is optional. It will activate
+the following features:
+
+ *  better protection against duplicate start attempts and
+ *  allows forceful termination of Tomcat process when it does not react to
+    the standard shutdown command.
+
+
+(3.4) Using the "setenv" script (optional, recommended)
+
+Apart from CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE, all environment variables can
+be specified in the "setenv" script. The script is placed either into
+CATALINA_BASE/bin or into CATALINA_HOME/bin directory and is named
+setenv.bat (on Windows) or setenv.sh (on *nix). The file has to be
+readable.
+
+By default the setenv script file is absent. If the script file is present
+both in CATALINA_BASE and in CATALINA_HOME, the one in CATALINA_BASE is
+preferred.
+
+For example, to configure the JRE_HOME and CATALINA_PID variables you can
+create the following script file:
+
+On Windows, %CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat:
+
+  set "JRE_HOME=%ProgramFiles%\Java\jre8"
+  exit /b 0
+
+On *nix, $CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh:
+
+  JRE_HOME=/usr/java/latest
+  CATALINA_PID="/run/tomcat.pid"
+
+
+The CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE variables cannot be configured in the
+setenv script, because they are used to locate that file.
+
+All the environment variables described here and the "setenv" script are
+used only if you use the standard scripts to launch Tomcat. For example, if
+you have installed Tomcat as a service on Windows, the service wrapper
+launches Java directly and does not use the script files.
+
+
+(4) Start Up Tomcat
+
+(4.1) Tomcat can be started by executing one of the following commands:
+
+  On Windows:
+
+      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\startup.bat
+
+    or
+
+      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat start
+
+  On *nix:
+
+      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
+
+    or
+
+      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start
+
+(4.2) After startup, the default web applications included with Tomcat will be
+      available by visiting:
+
+      http://localhost:8080/
+
+(4.3) Further information about configuring and running Tomcat can be found in
+      the documentation included here, as well as on the Tomcat web site:
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/
+
+
+(5) Shut Down Tomcat
+
+(5.1) Tomcat can be shut down by executing one of the following commands:
+
+  On Windows:
+
+      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\shutdown.bat
+
+    or
+
+      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat stop
+
+  On *nix:
+
+      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
+
+    or
+
+      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop
+
+==================================================
+Advanced Configuration - Multiple Tomcat Instances
+==================================================
+
+In many circumstances, it is desirable to have a single copy of a Tomcat
+binary distribution shared among multiple users on the same server.  To make
+this possible, you can set the CATALINA_BASE environment variable to the
+directory that contains the files for your 'personal' Tomcat instance.
+
+When running with a separate CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE, the files
+and directories are split as following:
+
+In CATALINA_BASE:
+
+ * bin  - Only the following files:
+
+           * setenv.sh (*nix) or setenv.bat (Windows),
+           * tomcat-juli.jar
+
+          The setenv scripts were described above. The tomcat-juli library
+          is documented in the Logging chapter in the User Guide.
+
+ * conf - Server configuration files (including server.xml)
+
+ * lib  - Libraries and classes, as explained below
+
+ * logs - Log and output files
+
+ * webapps - Automatically loaded web applications
+
+ * work - Temporary working directories for web applications
+
+ * temp - Directory used by the JVM for temporary files (java.io.tmpdir)
+
+
+In CATALINA_HOME:
+
+ * bin  - Startup and shutdown scripts
+
+          The following files will be used only if they are absent in
+          CATALINA_BASE/bin:
+
+          setenv.sh (*nix), setenv.bat (Windows), tomcat-juli.jar
+
+ * lib  - Libraries and classes, as explained below
+
+ * endorsed - Libraries that override standard "Endorsed Standards"
+              libraries provided by JRE. See Classloading documentation
+              in the User Guide for details.
+              This is only supported for Java <= 8.
+              By default this "endorsed" directory is absent.
+
+In the default configuration the JAR libraries and classes both in
+CATALINA_BASE/lib and in CATALINA_HOME/lib will be added to the common
+classpath, but the ones in CATALINA_BASE will be added first and thus will
+be searched first.
+
+The idea is that you may leave the standard Tomcat libraries in
+CATALINA_HOME/lib and add other ones such as database drivers into
+CATALINA_BASE/lib.
+
+In general it is advised to never share libraries between web applications,
+but put them into WEB-INF/lib directories inside the applications. See
+Classloading documentation in the User Guide for details.
+
+
+It might be useful to note that the values of CATALINA_HOME and
+CATALINA_BASE can be referenced in the XML configuration files processed
+by Tomcat as ${catalina.home} and ${catalina.base} respectively.
+
+For example, the standard manager web application can be kept in
+CATALINA_HOME/webapps/manager and loaded into CATALINA_BASE by copying
+its deployment descriptor into the desired virtual host:
+
+ * Copy the CATALINA_HOME/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
+   file as CATALINA_BASE/conf/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml
+
+ * Add docBase attribute as shown below.
+
+The file will look like the following:
+
+  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  <Context docBase="${catalina.home}/webapps/manager"
+    antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
+    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         allow="127\.0\.0\.1" />
+    <Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
+  </Context>
+
+See Deployer chapter in User Guide and Context and Host chapters in the
+Configuration Reference for more information on contexts and web
+application deployment.
+
+
+================
+Troubleshooting
+================
+
+There are only really 2 things likely to go wrong during the stand-alone
+Tomcat install:
+
+(1) The most common hiccup is when another web server (or any process for that
+    matter) has laid claim to port 8080.  This is the default HTTP port that
+    Tomcat attempts to bind to at startup.  To change this, open the file:
+
+       $CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml
+
+    and search for '8080'.  Change it to a port that isn't in use, and is
+    greater than 1024, as ports less than or equal to 1024 require superuser
+    access to bind under UNIX.
+
+    Restart Tomcat and you're in business.  Be sure that you replace the "8080"
+    in the URL you're using to access Tomcat.  For example, if you change the
+    port to 1977, you would request the URL http://localhost:1977/ in your
+    browser.
+
+(2) The 'localhost' machine isn't found.  This could happen if you're behind a
+    proxy.  If that's the case, make sure the proxy configuration for your
+    browser knows that you shouldn't be going through the proxy to access the
+    "localhost".
+
+    In Firefox, this is under Tools/Preferences -> Advanced/Network ->
+    Connection -> Settings..., and in Internet Explorer it is Tools ->
+    Internet Options -> Connections -> LAN Settings.
+
+
+====================
+Optional Components
+====================
+
+The following optional components may be included with the Apache Tomcat binary
+distribution. If they are not included, you can install them separately.
+
+ 1. Apache Tomcat Native library
+
+ 2. Apache Commons Daemon service launcher
+
+Both of them are implemented in C language and as such have to be compiled
+into binary code. The binary code will be specific for a platform and CPU
+architecture and it must match the Java Runtime Environment executables
+that will be used to launch Tomcat.
+
+The Windows-specific binary distributions of Apache Tomcat include binary
+files for these components. On other platforms you would have to look for
+binary versions elsewhere or compile them yourself.
+
+If you are new to Tomcat, do not bother with these components to start with.
+If you do use them, do not forget to read their documentation.
+
+
+Apache Tomcat Native library
+-----------------------------
+
+It is a library that allows to use the "Apr" variant of HTTP and AJP
+protocol connectors in Apache Tomcat. It is built around OpenSSL and Apache
+Portable Runtime (APR) libraries. Those are the same libraries as used by
+Apache HTTPD Server project.
+
+This feature was especially important in the old days when Java performance
+was poor. It is less important nowadays, but it is still used and respected
+by many. See Tomcat documentation for more details.
+
+For further reading:
+
+ - Apache Tomcat documentation
+
+    * Documentation for APR/Native library in the Tomcat User's Guide
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/apr.html
+
+    * Documentation for the HTTP and AJP protocol connectors in the Tomcat
+      Configuration Reference
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/config/http.html
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/config/ajp.html
+
+ - Apache Tomcat Native project home
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/native-doc/
+
+ - Other projects
+
+    * OpenSSL
+
+      https://www.openssl.org/
+
+    * Apache Portable Runtime
+
+      https://apr.apache.org/
+
+    * Apache HTTP Server
+
+      https://httpd.apache.org/
+
+To deactivate Apache Tomcat Native library:
+
+ - To deactivate Apache Tomcat Native library when it is installed, or
+ - To remove the warning that is logged during Tomcat startup when the
+   library is not installed:
+
+   Edit the "conf/server.xml" file and remove "AprLifecycleListener" from
+   it.
+
+The binary file of Apache Tomcat Native library is usually named
+
+  - "tcnative-1.dll" on Windows
+  - "libtcnative-1.so" on *nix systems
+
+
+Apache Commons Daemon
+----------------------
+
+Apache Commons Daemon project provides wrappers that can be used to
+install Apache Tomcat as a service on Windows or as a daemon on *nix
+systems.
+
+The Windows-specific implementation of Apache Commons Daemon is called
+"procrun". The *nix-specific one is called "jsvc".
+
+For further reading:
+
+ - Apache Commons Daemon project
+
+      https://commons.apache.org/daemon/
+
+ - Apache Tomcat documentation
+
+    * Installing Apache Tomcat
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/setup.html
+
+    * Windows Service How-To
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/windows-service-howto.html
+
+The binary files of Apache Commons Daemon in Apache Tomcat distributions
+for Windows are named:
+
+  - "tomcat9.exe"
+  - "tomcat9w.exe"
+
+These files are renamed copies of "prunsrv.exe" and "prunmgr.exe" from
+Apache Commons Daemon distribution. The file names have a meaning: they are
+used as the service name to register the service in Windows, as well as the
+key name to store distinct configuration for this installation of
+"procrun". If you would like to install several instances of Tomcat 9.0
+in parallel, you have to further rename those files, using the same naming
+scheme.
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/bootstrap.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/bootstrap.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c84b89
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/bootstrap.jar differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina-tasks.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina-tasks.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7c9c28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina-tasks.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!--
+  XML file for importing Catalina ant tasks.
+  <import file="${catalina.home}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml"/>
+-->
+
+<project name="catalina-tasks">
+  <description>Catalina Ant Manager, JMX and JSPC Tasks</description>
+  <!-- set catalina.home if it's not already set -->
+  <dirname property="catalina.home.bin.dir" file="${ant.file.catalina-tasks}"/>
+  <property name="catalina.home" value="${catalina.home.bin.dir}/.."/>
+  <typedef resource="org/apache/catalina/ant/catalina.tasks">
+    <classpath>
+      <fileset file="${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"/>
+      <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/lib" includes="*.jar"/>
+    </classpath>
+  </typedef>
+  <typedef resource="org/apache/catalina/ant/jmx/jmxaccessor.tasks">
+    <classpath>
+      <fileset file="${catalina.home}/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
+    </classpath>
+  </typedef>
+</project>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e306bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
+rem
+rem For supported commands call "catalina.bat help" or see the usage section
+rem towards the end of this file.
+rem
+rem Environment Variable Prerequisites
+rem
+rem   Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a script
+rem   setenv.bat in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.
+rem
+rem   WHEN RUNNING TOMCAT AS A WINDOWS SERVICE:
+rem   Note that the environment variables that affect the behavior of this
+rem   script will have no effect at all on Windows Services. As such, any
+rem   local customizations made in a CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.bat script
+rem   will also have no effect on Tomcat when launched as a Windows Service.
+rem   The configuration that controls Windows Services is stored in the Windows
+rem   Registry, and is most conveniently maintained using the "tomcat9w.exe"
+rem   maintenance utility.
+rem
+rem   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
+rem
+rem   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
+rem                   of a Catalina installation.  If not present, resolves to
+rem                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
+rem
+rem   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
+rem                   "run" or "debug" command is executed.
+rem                   Include here and not in JAVA_OPTS all options, that should
+rem                   only be used by Tomcat itself, not by the stop process,
+rem                   the version command etc.
+rem                   Examples are heap size, GC logging, JMX ports etc.
+rem
+rem   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
+rem                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults to
+rem                   %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
+rem
+rem   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
+rem                   Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
+rem
+rem   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
+rem                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
+rem                   are both set, JRE_HOME is used.
+rem
+rem   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when any command
+rem                   is executed.
+rem                   Include here and not in CATALINA_OPTS all options, that
+rem                   should be used by Tomcat and also by the stop process,
+rem                   the version command etc.
+rem                   Most options should go into CATALINA_OPTS.
+rem
+rem   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
+rem                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
+rem                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
+rem                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
+rem                   This is only supported for Java <= 8.
+rem                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
+rem
+rem   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
+rem                   command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
+rem
+rem   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
+rem                   command is executed. The default is localhost:8000.
+rem
+rem   JPDA_SUSPEND    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
+rem                   command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
+rem                   execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
+rem
+rem   JPDA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
+rem                   command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
+rem                   and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
+rem                   options MUST be specified. The default is:
+rem
+rem                   -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
+rem                       address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
+rem
+rem   JSSE_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used to control the TLS
+rem                   implementation when JSSE is used. Default is:
+rem                   "-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
+rem
+rem   CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
+rem                   Example (all one line)
+rem                   set CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
+rem
+rem   LOGGING_CONFIG  Deprecated
+rem                   Use CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG
+rem                   This is only used if CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG is not set
+rem                   and LOGGING_CONFIG starts with "-D..."
+rem
+rem   LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
+rem                   Example (all one line)
+rem                   set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
+rem
+rem   TITLE           (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
+rem                   TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
+rem                   Example (all one line)
+rem                   set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C
+if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry
+if "%TEMP%" == "" goto mainEntry
+if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
+echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
+if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
+echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
+call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
+rem Use provided errorlevel
+set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%
+del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
+exit /B %RETVAL%
+:mainEntry
+del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okHome
+
+rem Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
+set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
+:gotBase
+
+rem Ensure that neither CATALINA_HOME nor CATALINA_BASE contains a semi-colon
+rem as this is used as the separator in the classpath and Java provides no
+rem mechanism for escaping if the same character appears in the path. Check this
+rem by replacing all occurrences of ';' with '' and checking that neither
+rem CATALINA_HOME nor CATALINA_BASE have changed
+if "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "%CATALINA_HOME:;=%" goto homeNoSemicolon
+echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   "%CATALINA_HOME%"
+echo Unable to start as CATALINA_HOME contains a semicolon (;) character
+goto end
+:homeNoSemicolon
+
+if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "%CATALINA_BASE:;=%" goto baseNoSemicolon
+echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   "%CATALINA_BASE%"
+echo Unable to start as CATALINA_BASE contains a semicolon (;) character
+goto end
+:baseNoSemicolon
+
+rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
+rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
+set CLASSPATH=
+
+rem Get standard environment variables
+if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" goto checkSetenvHome
+call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
+goto setenvDone
+:checkSetenvHome
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
+:setenvDone
+
+rem Get standard Java environment variables
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
+echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
+echo This file is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okSetclasspath
+call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
+if errorlevel 1 goto end
+
+rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
+rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
+rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
+if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
+set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
+:emptyClasspath
+set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"
+
+if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
+set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
+:gotTmpdir
+
+rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
+rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
+if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
+set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
+goto juliClasspathDone
+:juliClasspathHome
+set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
+:juliClasspathDone
+
+if not "%JSSE_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJsseOpts
+set "JSSE_OPTS=-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
+:gotJsseOpts
+set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %JSSE_OPTS%"
+
+rem Register custom URL handlers
+rem Do this here so custom URL handles (specifically 'war:...') can be used in the security policy
+set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources"
+
+rem Check for the deprecated LOGGING_CONFIG
+rem Only use it if CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG is not set and LOGGING_CONFIG starts with "-D..."
+if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG:~0,2%"=="-D" goto noLoggingDeprecation
+if not "%CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noLoggingDeprecation
+set "CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG=%LOGGING_CONFIG%"
+:noLoggingDeprecation
+
+if not "%CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
+set CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
+if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
+set CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
+:noJuliConfig
+
+if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
+set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
+:noJuliManager
+
+rem Configure JAVA 9 specific start-up parameters
+set "JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS=%JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS% --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED"
+set "JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS=%JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS% --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED"
+set "JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS=%JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS% --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED"
+set "JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS=%JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS% --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED"
+set "JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS=%JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS% --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED"
+
+rem Java 9 no longer supports the java.endorsed.dirs
+rem system property. Only try to use it if
+rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS was explicitly set
+rem or CATALINA_HOME/endorsed exists.
+set ENDORSED_PROP=ignore.endorsed.dirs
+if "%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == "" goto noEndorsedVar
+set ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+goto doneEndorsed
+:noEndorsedVar
+if not exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\endorsed" goto doneEndorsed
+set ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+:doneEndorsed
+
+rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------
+
+echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   "%CATALINA_BASE%"
+echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   "%CATALINA_HOME%"
+echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
+if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
+echo Using JRE_HOME:        "%JRE_HOME%"
+goto java_dir_displayed
+:use_jdk
+echo Using JAVA_HOME:       "%JAVA_HOME%"
+:java_dir_displayed
+echo Using CLASSPATH:       "%CLASSPATH%"
+echo Using CATALINA_OPTS:   "%CATALINA_OPTS%"
+
+set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
+set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
+set ACTION=start
+set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
+set DEBUG_OPTS=
+set JPDA=
+
+if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
+set JPDA=jpda
+if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
+set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
+:gotJpdaTransport
+if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
+set JPDA_ADDRESS=localhost:8000
+:gotJpdaAddress
+if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
+set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
+:gotJpdaSuspend
+if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
+set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
+:gotJpdaOpts
+shift
+:noJpda
+
+if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
+if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
+if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
+if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
+if ""%1"" == ""configtest"" goto doConfigTest
+if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion
+
+echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )
+echo commands:
+echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
+echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
+echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
+echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window
+echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
+echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window
+echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
+echo   stop              Stop Catalina
+echo   configtest        Run a basic syntax check on server.xml
+echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?
+goto end
+
+:doDebug
+shift
+set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
+set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
+if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
+shift
+echo Using Security Manager
+set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
+goto execCmd
+
+:doRun
+shift
+if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
+shift
+echo Using Security Manager
+set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
+goto execCmd
+
+:doStart
+shift
+if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
+set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
+if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
+shift
+echo Using Security Manager
+set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
+goto execCmd
+
+:doStop
+shift
+set ACTION=stop
+set CATALINA_OPTS=
+goto execCmd
+
+:doConfigTest
+shift
+set ACTION=configtest
+set CATALINA_OPTS=
+goto execCmd
+
+:doVersion
+%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
+goto end
+
+
+:execCmd
+rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+:setArgs
+if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
+shift
+goto setArgs
+:doneSetArgs
+
+rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
+if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
+if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
+%_EXECJAVA% %CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG% %LOGGING_MANAGER% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -D%ENDORSED_PROP%="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
+goto end
+:doSecurity
+%_EXECJAVA% %CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG% %LOGGING_MANAGER% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -D%ENDORSED_PROP%="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
+goto end
+:doJpda
+if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
+%_EXECJAVA% %CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG% %LOGGING_MANAGER% %JAVA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -D%ENDORSED_PROP%="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
+goto end
+:doSecurityJpda
+%_EXECJAVA% %CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG% %LOGGING_MANAGER% %JAVA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -D%ENDORSED_PROP%="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
+goto end
+
+:end
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3a2ffda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/catalina.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Control Script for the CATALINA Server
+#
+# For supported commands call "catalina.sh help" or see the usage section at
+# the end of this file.
+#
+# Environment Variable Prerequisites
+#
+#   Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a script
+#   setenv.sh in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.
+#
+#   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
+#
+#   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
+#                   of a Catalina installation.  If not present, resolves to
+#                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
+#
+#   CATALINA_OUT    (Optional) Full path to a file where stdout and stderr
+#                   will be redirected.
+#                   Default is $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out
+#
+#   CATALINA_OUT_CMD (Optional) Command which will be executed and receive
+#                   as its stdin the stdout and stderr from the Tomcat java
+#                   process. If CATALINA_OUT_CMD is set, the value of
+#                   CATALINA_OUT will be used as a named pipe.
+#                   No default.
+#                   Example (all one line)
+#                   CATALINA_OUT_CMD="/usr/bin/rotatelogs -f $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out.%Y-%m-%d.log 86400"
+#
+#   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
+#                   "run" or "debug" command is executed.
+#                   Include here and not in JAVA_OPTS all options, that should
+#                   only be used by Tomcat itself, not by the stop process,
+#                   the version command etc.
+#                   Examples are heap size, GC logging, JMX ports etc.
+#
+#   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
+#                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults to
+#                   $CATALINA_BASE/temp.
+#
+#   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
+#                   Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
+#
+#   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
+#                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
+#                   are both set, JRE_HOME is used.
+#
+#   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when any command
+#                   is executed.
+#                   Include here and not in CATALINA_OPTS all options, that
+#                   should be used by Tomcat and also by the stop process,
+#                   the version command etc.
+#                   Most options should go into CATALINA_OPTS.
+#
+#   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of colon separated directories
+#                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
+#                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
+#                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
+#                   This is only supported for Java <= 8.
+#                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
+#
+#   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
+#                   command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
+#
+#   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
+#                   command is executed. The default is localhost:8000.
+#
+#   JPDA_SUSPEND    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
+#                   command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
+#                   execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
+#
+#   JPDA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
+#                   command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
+#                   and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
+#                   options MUST be specified. The default is:
+#
+#                   -agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,
+#                       address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND
+#
+#   JSSE_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used to control the TLS
+#                   implementation when JSSE is used. Default is:
+#                   "-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
+#
+#   CATALINA_PID    (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid
+#                   of the catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is
+#                   used
+#
+#   CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
+#                   Example (all one line)
+#                   CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
+#
+#   LOGGING_CONFIG  Deprecated
+#                   Use CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG
+#                   This is only used if CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG is not set
+#                   and LOGGING_CONFIG starts with "-D..."
+#
+#   LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
+#                   Example (all one line)
+#                   LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
+#
+#   UMASK           (Optional) Override Tomcat's default UMASK of 0027
+#
+#   USE_NOHUP       (Optional) If set to the string true the start command will
+#                   use nohup so that the Tomcat process will ignore any hangup
+#                   signals. Default is "false" unless running on HP-UX in which
+#                   case the default is "true"
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# OS specific support.  $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
+cygwin=false
+darwin=false
+os400=false
+hpux=false
+case "`uname`" in
+CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
+Darwin*) darwin=true;;
+OS400*) os400=true;;
+HP-UX*) hpux=true;;
+esac
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+# Get standard environment variables
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+
+# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set
+[ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd`
+
+# Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not already set
+[ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"
+
+# Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
+# but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed.
+CLASSPATH=
+
+if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
+  . "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"
+elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
+  . "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
+fi
+
+# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched
+if $cygwin; then
+  [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"`
+  [ -n "$JRE_HOME" ] && JRE_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JRE_HOME"`
+  [ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"`
+  [ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"`
+  [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`
+fi
+
+# Ensure that neither CATALINA_HOME nor CATALINA_BASE contains a colon
+# as this is used as the separator in the classpath and Java provides no
+# mechanism for escaping if the same character appears in the path.
+case $CATALINA_HOME in
+  *:*) echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:   $CATALINA_HOME";
+       echo "Unable to start as CATALINA_HOME contains a colon (:) character";
+       exit 1;
+esac
+case $CATALINA_BASE in
+  *:*) echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:   $CATALINA_BASE";
+       echo "Unable to start as CATALINA_BASE contains a colon (:) character";
+       exit 1;
+esac
+
+# For OS400
+if $os400; then
+  # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using
+  # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests
+  # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs.
+  COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)'
+  system $COMMAND
+
+  # Enable multi threading
+  export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y
+fi
+
+# Get standard Java environment variables
+if $os400; then
+  # -r will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
+  # 1. owned by the user
+  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
+  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
+  . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
+else
+  if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then
+    . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
+  else
+    echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh"
+    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+# Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH
+if [ ! -z "$CLASSPATH" ] ; then
+  CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":
+fi
+CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH""$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jar
+
+if [ -z "$CATALINA_OUT" ] ; then
+  CATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then
+  # Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for Catalina
+  CATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/temp
+fi
+
+# Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
+# tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
+if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" ] ; then
+  CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
+else
+  CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
+fi
+
+# Bugzilla 37848: When no TTY is available, don't output to console
+have_tty=0
+if [ -t 0 ]; then
+    have_tty=1
+fi
+
+# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if $cygwin; then
+  JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"`
+  JRE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JRE_HOME"`
+  CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"`
+  CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"`
+  CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"`
+  CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"`
+  [ -n "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" ] && JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"`
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$JSSE_OPTS" ] ; then
+  JSSE_OPTS="-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
+fi
+JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS $JSSE_OPTS"
+
+# Register custom URL handlers
+# Do this here so custom URL handles (specifically 'war:...') can be used in the security policy
+JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources"
+
+# Check for the deprecated LOGGING_CONFIG
+# Only use it if CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG is not set and LOGGING_CONFIG starts with "-D..."
+if [ -z "$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then
+  case $LOGGING_CONFIG in
+    -D*) CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="$LOGGING_CONFIG"
+  esac
+fi
+
+# Set juli LogManager config file if it is present and an override has not been issued
+if [ -z "$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then
+  if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/logging.properties ]; then
+    CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
+  else
+    # Bugzilla 45585
+    CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop"
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$LOGGING_MANAGER" ]; then
+  LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
+fi
+
+# Set UMASK unless it has been overridden
+if [ -z "$UMASK" ]; then
+    UMASK="0027"
+fi
+umask $UMASK
+
+# Java 9 no longer supports the java.endorsed.dirs
+# system property. Only try to use it if
+# JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS was explicitly set
+# or CATALINA_HOME/endorsed exists.
+ENDORSED_PROP=ignore.endorsed.dirs
+if [ -n "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" ]; then
+    ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+fi
+if [ -d "$CATALINA_HOME/endorsed" ]; then
+    ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+fi
+
+# Make the umask available when using the org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener
+JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=`umask`"
+
+if [ -z "$USE_NOHUP" ]; then
+    if $hpux; then
+        USE_NOHUP="true"
+    else
+        USE_NOHUP="false"
+    fi
+fi
+unset _NOHUP
+if [ "$USE_NOHUP" = "true" ]; then
+    _NOHUP="nohup"
+fi
+
+# Add the JAVA 9 specific start-up parameters required by Tomcat
+JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED"
+JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED"
+JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED"
+JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED"
+JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS="$JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED"
+export JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS
+
+# ----- Execute The Requested Command -----------------------------------------
+
+# Bugzilla 37848: only output this if we have a TTY
+if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
+  echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:   $CATALINA_BASE"
+  echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:   $CATALINA_HOME"
+  echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR"
+  if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then
+    echo "Using JAVA_HOME:       $JAVA_HOME"
+  else
+    echo "Using JRE_HOME:        $JRE_HOME"
+  fi
+  echo "Using CLASSPATH:       $CLASSPATH"
+  echo "Using CATALINA_OPTS:   $CATALINA_OPTS"
+  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+    echo "Using CATALINA_PID:    $CATALINA_PID"
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then
+  if [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; then
+    JPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket"
+  fi
+  if [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; then
+    JPDA_ADDRESS="localhost:8000"
+  fi
+  if [ -z "$JPDA_SUSPEND" ]; then
+    JPDA_SUSPEND="n"
+  fi
+  if [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; then
+    JPDA_OPTS="-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$JPDA_SUSPEND"
+  fi
+  CATALINA_OPTS="$JPDA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS"
+  shift
+fi
+
+if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then
+  if $os400; then
+    echo "Debug command not available on OS400"
+    exit 1
+  else
+    shift
+    if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
+      if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
+        echo "Using Security Manager"
+      fi
+      shift
+      eval exec "\"$_RUNJDB\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
+        -D$ENDORSED_PROP="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" \
+        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
+        -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \
+        -Djava.security.manager \
+        -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \
+        -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
+        -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
+        -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
+        org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
+    else
+      eval exec "\"$_RUNJDB\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
+        -D$ENDORSED_PROP="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" \
+        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
+        -sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../java \
+        -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
+        -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
+        -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
+        org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
+    fi
+  fi
+
+elif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then
+
+  shift
+  if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
+    if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
+      echo "Using Security Manager"
+    fi
+    shift
+    eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
+      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+      -Djava.security.manager \
+      -Djava.security.policy=="\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
+      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
+  else
+    eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
+      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
+      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
+  fi
+
+elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then
+
+  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+      if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+        echo "Existing PID file found during start."
+        if [ -r "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+          PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
+          ps -p $PID >/dev/null 2>&1
+          if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
+            echo "Tomcat appears to still be running with PID $PID. Start aborted."
+            echo "If the following process is not a Tomcat process, remove the PID file and try again:"
+            ps -f -p $PID
+            exit 1
+          else
+            echo "Removing/clearing stale PID file."
+            rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
+            if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+              if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+                cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
+              else
+                echo "Unable to remove or clear stale PID file. Start aborted."
+                exit 1
+              fi
+            fi
+          fi
+        else
+          echo "Unable to read PID file. Start aborted."
+          exit 1
+        fi
+      else
+        rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
+        if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+          if [ ! -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+            echo "Unable to remove or write to empty PID file. Start aborted."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  shift
+  if [ -z "$CATALINA_OUT_CMD" ] ; then
+    touch "$CATALINA_OUT"
+  else
+    if [ ! -e "$CATALINA_OUT" ]; then
+      if ! mkfifo "$CATALINA_OUT"; then
+        echo "cannot create named pipe $CATALINA_OUT. Start aborted."
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    elif [ ! -p "$CATALINA_OUT" ]; then
+      echo "$CATALINA_OUT exists and is not a named pipe. Start aborted."
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    $CATALINA_OUT_CMD <"$CATALINA_OUT" &
+  fi
+  if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
+    if [ $have_tty -eq 1 ]; then
+      echo "Using Security Manager"
+    fi
+    shift
+    eval $_NOHUP "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
+      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+      -Djava.security.manager \
+      -Djava.security.policy=="\"$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
+      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \
+      >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&"
+
+  else
+    eval $_NOHUP "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
+      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
+      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \
+      >> "$CATALINA_OUT" 2>&1 "&"
+
+  fi
+
+  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+    echo $! > "$CATALINA_PID"
+  fi
+
+  echo "Tomcat started."
+
+elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then
+
+  shift
+
+  SLEEP=5
+  if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
+    echo $1 | grep "[^0-9]" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
+      SLEEP=$1
+      shift
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  FORCE=0
+  if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then
+    shift
+    FORCE=1
+  fi
+
+  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+      if [ -s "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+        kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
+        if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
+          echo "PID file found but either no matching process was found or the current user does not have permission to stop the process. Stop aborted."
+          exit 1
+        fi
+      else
+        echo "PID file is empty and has been ignored."
+      fi
+    else
+      echo "\$CATALINA_PID was set but the specified file does not exist. Is Tomcat running? Stop aborted."
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  eval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" \
+    -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+    -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+    -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+    -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+    -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
+    org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop
+
+  # stop failed. Shutdown port disabled? Try a normal kill.
+  if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+    if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+      echo "The stop command failed. Attempting to signal the process to stop through OS signal."
+      kill -15 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+    if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+      while [ $SLEEP -ge 0 ]; do
+        kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
+        if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
+          rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
+          if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+            if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+              cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
+              # If Tomcat has stopped don't try and force a stop with an empty PID file
+              FORCE=0
+            else
+              echo "The PID file could not be removed or cleared."
+            fi
+          fi
+          echo "Tomcat stopped."
+          break
+        fi
+        if [ $SLEEP -gt 0 ]; then
+          sleep 1
+        fi
+        if [ $SLEEP -eq 0 ]; then
+          echo "Tomcat did not stop in time."
+          if [ $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
+            echo "PID file was not removed."
+          fi
+          echo "To aid diagnostics a thread dump has been written to standard out."
+          kill -3 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
+        fi
+        SLEEP=`expr $SLEEP - 1 `
+      done
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=5
+  if [ $FORCE -eq 1 ]; then
+    if [ -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+      echo "Kill failed: \$CATALINA_PID not set"
+    else
+      if [ -f "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+        PID=`cat "$CATALINA_PID"`
+        echo "Killing Tomcat with the PID: $PID"
+        kill -9 $PID
+        while [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -ge 0 ]; do
+            kill -0 `cat "$CATALINA_PID"` >/dev/null 2>&1
+            if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
+                rm -f "$CATALINA_PID" >/dev/null 2>&1
+                if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+                    if [ -w "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
+                        cat /dev/null > "$CATALINA_PID"
+                    else
+                        echo "The PID file could not be removed."
+                    fi
+                fi
+                echo "The Tomcat process has been killed."
+                break
+            fi
+            if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -gt 0 ]; then
+                sleep 1
+            fi
+            KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL=`expr $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL - 1 `
+        done
+        if [ $KILL_SLEEP_INTERVAL -lt 0 ]; then
+            echo "Tomcat has not been killed completely yet. The process might be waiting on some system call or might be UNINTERRUPTIBLE."
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+  fi
+
+elif [ "$1" = "configtest" ] ; then
+
+    eval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" $LOGGING_MANAGER "$JAVA_OPTS" \
+      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMPDIR\"" \
+      org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap configtest
+    result=$?
+    if [ $result -ne 0 ]; then
+        echo "Configuration error detected!"
+    fi
+    exit $result
+
+elif [ "$1" = "version" ] ; then
+
+   eval "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "$JAVA_OPTS" \
+         -classpath "\"$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar\"" \
+         org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
+
+else
+
+  echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )"
+  echo "commands:"
+  if $os400; then
+    echo "  debug             Start Catalina in a debugger (not available on OS400)"
+    echo "  debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager (not available on OS400)"
+  else
+    echo "  debug             Start Catalina in a debugger"
+    echo "  debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager"
+  fi
+  echo "  jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger"
+  echo "  run               Start Catalina in the current window"
+  echo "  run -security     Start in the current window with security manager"
+  echo "  start             Start Catalina in a separate window"
+  echo "  start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager"
+  echo "  stop              Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end"
+  echo "  stop n            Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end"
+  echo "  stop -force       Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running"
+  echo "  stop n -force     Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running"
+  echo "  configtest        Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result"
+  echo "  version           What version of tomcat are you running?"
+  echo "Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that \$CATALINA_PID is defined"
+  exit 1
+
+fi
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/ciphers.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/ciphers.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb606c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/ciphers.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Script to digest password using the algorithm specified
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tool-wrapper.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tool-wrapper.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okHome
+
+set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tool-wrapper.bat"
+
+rem Check that target executable exists
+if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
+echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
+echo This file is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okExec
+
+rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+:setArgs
+if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
+shift
+goto setArgs
+:doneSetArgs
+
+call "%EXECUTABLE%" org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.ciphers.OpenSSLCipherConfigurationParser %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/ciphers.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/ciphers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d4a87b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/ciphers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Script to digest password using the algorithm specified
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
+os400=false
+case "`uname`" in
+OS400*) os400=true;;
+esac
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+EXECUTABLE=tool-wrapper.sh
+
+# Check that target executable exists
+if $os400; then
+  # -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
+  # 1. owned by the user
+  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
+  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
+  eval
+else
+  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
+    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
+    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
+    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.ciphers.OpenSSLCipherConfigurationParser "$@"
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/commons-daemon-native.tar.gz b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/commons-daemon-native.tar.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c349208
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/commons-daemon-native.tar.gz differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/commons-daemon.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/commons-daemon.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..891d37b
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/commons-daemon.jar differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/configtest.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/configtest.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02448e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/configtest.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Configuration test script for the CATALINA Server
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okHome
+
+set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"
+
+rem Check that target executable exists
+if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
+echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
+echo This file is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okExec
+
+rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+:setArgs
+if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
+shift
+goto setArgs
+:doneSetArgs
+
+call "%EXECUTABLE%" configtest %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/configtest.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/configtest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9a8ebff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/configtest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration Test Script for the CATALINA Server
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
+os400=false
+case "`uname`" in
+OS400*) os400=true;;
+esac
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh
+
+# Check that target executable exists
+if $os400; then
+  # -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
+  # 1. owned by the user
+  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
+  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
+  eval
+else
+  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
+    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
+    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
+    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" configtest "$@"
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/daemon.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/daemon.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..014a350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/daemon.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Commons Daemon wrapper script.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+DIRNAME="`dirname "$PRG"`"
+PROGRAM="`basename "$PRG"`"
+while [ ".$1" != . ]
+do
+  case "$1" in
+    --java-home )
+        JAVA_HOME="$2"
+        shift; shift;
+        continue
+    ;;
+    --catalina-home )
+        CATALINA_HOME="$2"
+        shift; shift;
+        continue
+    ;;
+    --catalina-base )
+        CATALINA_BASE="$2"
+        shift; shift;
+        continue
+    ;;
+    --catalina-pid )
+        CATALINA_PID="$2"
+        shift; shift;
+        continue
+    ;;
+    --tomcat-user )
+        TOMCAT_USER="$2"
+        shift; shift;
+        continue
+    ;;
+    --service-start-wait-time )
+        SERVICE_START_WAIT_TIME="$2"
+        shift; shift;
+        continue
+    ;;
+    * )
+        break
+    ;;
+  esac
+done
+# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
+cygwin=false;
+darwin=false;
+case "`uname`" in
+    CYGWIN*)
+        cygwin=true
+        ;;
+    Darwin*)
+        darwin=true
+        ;;
+esac
+
+# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that
+test ".$MAX_FD" = . && MAX_FD="maximum"
+# Setup parameters for running the jsvc
+#
+test ".$TOMCAT_USER" = . && TOMCAT_USER=tomcat
+# Set JAVA_HOME to working JDK or JRE
+# If not set we'll try to guess the JAVA_HOME
+# from java binary if on the PATH
+#
+if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
+    JAVA_BIN="`which java 2>/dev/null || type java 2>&1`"
+    while [ -h "$JAVA_BIN" ]; do
+        ls=`ls -ld "$JAVA_BIN"`
+        link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+        if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+            JAVA_BIN="$link"
+        else
+            JAVA_BIN="`dirname "$JAVA_BIN"`/$link"
+        fi
+    done
+    test -x "$JAVA_BIN" && JAVA_HOME="`dirname "$JAVA_BIN"`"
+    test ".$JAVA_HOME" != . && JAVA_HOME=`cd "$JAVA_HOME/.." >/dev/null; pwd`
+else
+    JAVA_BIN="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
+fi
+
+# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set
+test ".$CATALINA_HOME" = . && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$DIRNAME/.." >/dev/null; pwd`
+test ".$CATALINA_BASE" = . && CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"
+test ".$CATALINA_MAIN" = . && CATALINA_MAIN=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
+# If not explicitly set, look for jsvc in CATALINA_BASE first then CATALINA_HOME
+if [ -z "$JSVC" ]; then
+    JSVC="$CATALINA_BASE/bin/jsvc"
+    if [ ! -x "$JSVC" ]; then
+        JSVC="$CATALINA_HOME/bin/jsvc"
+    fi
+fi
+# Set the default service-start wait time if necessary
+test ".$SERVICE_START_WAIT_TIME" = . && SERVICE_START_WAIT_TIME=10
+
+# Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
+# but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed.
+CLASSPATH=
+JAVA_OPTS=
+if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
+  . "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"
+elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
+  . "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
+fi
+
+# Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH
+test ".$CLASSPATH" != . && CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH:"
+CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar"
+
+test ".$CATALINA_OUT" = . && CATALINA_OUT="$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina-daemon.out"
+test ".$CATALINA_TMP" = . && CATALINA_TMP="$CATALINA_BASE/temp"
+
+# Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
+# tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
+if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" ] ; then
+  CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"
+else
+  CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar"
+fi
+
+# Check for the deprecated LOGGING_CONFIG
+# Only use it if CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG is not set and LOGGING_CONFIG starts with "-D..."
+if [ -z "$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then
+  case $LOGGING_CONFIG in
+    -D*) CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="$LOGGING_CONFIG"
+  esac
+fi
+
+# Set juli LogManager config file if it is present and an override has not been issued
+if [ -z "$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG" ]; then
+  if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties" ]; then
+    CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties"
+  else
+    # Bugzilla 45585
+    CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG="-Dnop"
+  fi
+fi
+
+test ".$LOGGING_MANAGER" = . && LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
+JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS $LOGGING_MANAGER"
+
+# Set -pidfile
+test ".$CATALINA_PID" = . && CATALINA_PID="$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina-daemon.pid"
+
+# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can
+if [ "$cygwin" = "false" ]; then
+    MAX_FD_LIMIT=`ulimit -H -n`
+    if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
+        # Darwin does not allow RLIMIT_INFINITY on file soft limit
+        if [ "$darwin" = "true" ] && [ "$MAX_FD_LIMIT" = "unlimited" ]; then
+            MAX_FD_LIMIT=`/usr/sbin/sysctl -n kern.maxfilesperproc`
+        fi
+        test ".$MAX_FD" = ".maximum" && MAX_FD="$MAX_FD_LIMIT"
+        ulimit -n $MAX_FD
+        if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]; then
+            echo "$PROGRAM: Could not set maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD"
+        fi
+    else
+        echo "$PROGRAM: Could not query system maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD_LIMIT"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Set UMASK unless it has been overridden
+if [ -z "$UMASK" ]; then
+    UMASK="0027"
+fi
+umask $UMASK
+
+# Java 9 no longer supports the java.endorsed.dirs
+# system property. Only try to use it if
+# JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS was explicitly set
+# or CATALINA_HOME/endorsed exists.
+ENDORSED_PROP=ignore.endorsed.dirs
+if [ -n "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" ]; then
+    ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+fi
+if [ -d "$CATALINA_HOME/endorsed" ]; then
+    ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+fi
+
+# ----- Execute The Requested Command -----------------------------------------
+case "$1" in
+    run     )
+      shift
+      eval exec "\"$JSVC\"" $* \
+      "$JSVC_OPTS" \
+      -java-home "\"$JAVA_HOME\"" \
+      -pidfile "\"$CATALINA_PID\"" \
+      -wait $SERVICE_START_WAIT_TIME \
+      -umask $UMASK \
+      -nodetach \
+      -outfile "\"&1\"" \
+      -errfile "\"&2\"" \
+      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+      "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
+      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMP\"" \
+      $CATALINA_MAIN
+      exit $?
+    ;;
+    start   )
+      eval "\"$JSVC\"" \
+      "$JSVC_OPTS" \
+      -java-home "\"$JAVA_HOME\"" \
+      -user $TOMCAT_USER \
+      -pidfile "\"$CATALINA_PID\"" \
+      -wait $SERVICE_START_WAIT_TIME \
+      -umask $UMASK \
+      -outfile "\"$CATALINA_OUT\"" \
+      -errfile "\"&1\"" \
+      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+      "\"$CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG\"" "$JAVA_OPTS" "$CATALINA_OPTS" \
+      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMP\"" \
+      $CATALINA_MAIN
+      exit $?
+    ;;
+    stop    )
+      eval "\"$JSVC\"" \
+      "$JSVC_OPTS" \
+      -stop \
+      -pidfile "\"$CATALINA_PID\"" \
+      -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+      -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.base="\"$CATALINA_BASE\"" \
+      -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+      -Djava.io.tmpdir="\"$CATALINA_TMP\"" \
+      $CATALINA_MAIN
+      exit $?
+    ;;
+    version  )
+      "$JSVC" \
+      -java-home "$JAVA_HOME" \
+      -pidfile "$CATALINA_PID" \
+      -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
+      -errfile "&2" \
+      -version \
+      -check \
+      $CATALINA_MAIN
+      if [ "$?" = 0 ]; then
+        "$JAVA_BIN" \
+        -classpath "$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina.jar" \
+        org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
+      fi
+      exit $?
+    ;;
+    *       )
+      echo "Unknown command: '$1'"
+      echo "Usage: $PROGRAM ( commands ... )"
+      echo "commands:"
+      echo "  run               Start Tomcat without detaching from console"
+      echo "  start             Start Tomcat"
+      echo "  stop              Stop Tomcat"
+      echo "  version           What version of commons daemon and Tomcat"
+      echo "                    are you running?"
+      exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/digest.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/digest.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..428b9d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/digest.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Script to digest password using the algorithm specified
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tool-wrapper.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tool-wrapper.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okHome
+
+set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tool-wrapper.bat"
+
+rem Check that target executable exists
+if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
+echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
+echo This file is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okExec
+
+rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+:setArgs
+if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
+shift
+goto setArgs
+:doneSetArgs
+
+call "%EXECUTABLE%" -server org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/digest.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/digest.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..62ed5d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/digest.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Script to digest password using the algorithm specified
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
+os400=false
+case "`uname`" in
+OS400*) os400=true;;
+esac
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+EXECUTABLE=tool-wrapper.sh
+
+# Check that target executable exists
+if $os400; then
+  # -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
+  # 1. owned by the user
+  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
+  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
+  eval
+else
+  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
+    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
+    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
+    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" -server org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase "$@"
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/makebase.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/makebase.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93d7c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/makebase.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem This script creates the directory structure required for running Tomcat
+rem in a separate directory by pointing %CATALINA_BASE% to it. It copies the
+rem conf directory from %CATALINA_HOME%, and creates empty directories for
+rem bin, lib, logs, temp, webapps, and work.
+rem
+rem If the file %CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setenv.sh exists then it is copied to
+rem the target directory as well.
+rem
+rem Usage: makebase <path-to-target-directory> [-w | --webapps]
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto EOF
+:okHome
+
+rem first arg is the target directory
+set BASE_TGT=%1
+
+if %BASE_TGT%.==. (
+    rem target directory not provided; exit
+    echo Usage: makebase ^<path-to-target-directory^>
+    goto :EOF
+)
+
+set COPY_WEBAPPS=false
+
+rem parse args
+for %%a in (%*) do (
+   if "%%~a"=="--webapps" (
+       set COPY_WEBAPPS=true
+   )
+   if "%%~a"=="-w" (
+       set COPY_WEBAPPS=true
+   )
+)
+
+if exist %BASE_TGT% (
+  rem target directory exists
+  echo Target directory exists
+
+    rem exit if target directory is not empty
+    for /F %%i in ('dir /b %BASE_TGT%\*.*') do (
+        echo Target directory is not empty
+        goto :EOF
+    )
+) else (
+    rem create the target directory
+    mkdir %BASE_TGT%
+)
+
+rem create empty directories
+for %%d in (bin, conf, lib, logs, temp, webapps, work) do (
+    mkdir %BASE_TGT%\%%d
+)
+
+if "%COPY_WEBAPPS%" == "true" (
+    echo Copying webapps
+    robocopy %CATALINA_HOME%\webapps %BASE_TGT%\webapps /E > nul
+    rem copy conf directory recursively
+    robocopy %CATALINA_HOME%\conf %BASE_TGT%\conf /E > nul
+) else (
+    rem copy conf directory without subdirectories and suppress warning
+    robocopy %CATALINA_HOME%\conf %BASE_TGT%\conf > nul
+    rem create empty ROOT directory
+    mkdir %BASE_TGT%\webapps\ROOT
+)
+
+rem copy setenv.bat if exists
+robocopy %CATALINA_HOME%\bin %BASE_TGT%\bin setenv.bat > nul
+
+echo Created CATALINA_BASE directory at %BASE_TGT%
+
+echo.
+echo You can launch the new instance by running:
+echo     set CATALINA_HOME=%CATALINA_HOME%
+echo     set CATALINA_BASE=%BASE_TGT%
+echo     %%CATALINA_HOME%%/bin/catalina.bat run
+
+echo.
+echo Attention: The ports in conf\server.xml might be bound by a
+echo     different instance. Please review your config files
+echo     and update them where necessary.
+echo.
+
+:EOF
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/makebase.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/makebase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2b6eada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/makebase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This script creates the directory structure required for running Tomcat
+# in a separate directory by pointing $CATALINA_BASE to it. It copies the
+# conf directory from $CATALINA_HOME, and creates empty directories for
+# bin, lib, logs, temp, webapps, and work.
+#
+# If the file $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh exists then it is copied to
+# the target directory as well.
+#
+# Usage: makebase <path-to-target-directory> [-w | --webapps]
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+# Get standard environment variables
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+
+# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set
+[ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd`
+
+# first arg is the target directory
+BASE_TGT=$1
+
+if [ -z "$BASE_TGT" ]; then
+    # target directory not provided; exit
+    echo "Usage: makebase <path-to-target-directory>"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+COPY_WEBAPPS=false
+
+# parse args
+while [ "$1" != "" ]; do
+    case $1 in
+        -w | --webapps)
+            COPY_WEBAPPS=true
+            ;;
+    esac
+    shift
+done
+
+if [ -d "$BASE_TGT" ]; then
+  # target directory exists
+  echo "Target directory exists"
+
+    # exit if target directory is not empty
+    [ "`ls -A "$BASE_TGT"`" ] && \
+        echo "Target directory is not empty" && \
+        exit 1
+else
+    # create the target directory
+    mkdir -p "$BASE_TGT"
+fi
+
+for dir in bin conf lib logs temp webapps work;
+do
+    # create empty directories
+    mkdir "$BASE_TGT/$dir"
+done
+
+if [ "$COPY_WEBAPPS" = true ]; then
+    echo "Copying webapps"
+    cp -r "$CATALINA_HOME/webapps" "$BASE_TGT/"
+    # copy conf directory recursively
+    cp -r "$CATALINA_HOME/conf" "$BASE_TGT/"
+else
+    # copy conf directory without subdirectories and suppress warning
+    cp "${CATALINA_HOME}/conf"/* "$BASE_TGT/conf" 2> /dev/null
+    # create empty ROOT directory
+    mkdir "$BASE_TGT/webapps/ROOT"
+fi
+
+# copy setenv.sh if exists
+[ -f "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ] && \
+    cp "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" "$BASE_TGT/bin/"
+
+echo "Created CATALINA_BASE directory at $BASE_TGT"
+
+echo
+echo "You can launch the new instance by running:"
+echo "    export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME"
+echo "    export CATALINA_BASE=$BASE_TGT"
+echo "    \$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh run"
+
+echo
+echo "Attention: The ports in conf/server.xml might be bound by a "
+echo "    different instance. Please review your config files "
+echo "    and update them as necessary."
+echo
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/setclasspath.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/setclasspath.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c4c3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/setclasspath.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Set JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME if not already set, ensure any provided settings
+rem are valid and consistent with the selected start-up options and set up the
+rem endorsed directory.
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+rem Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set
+
+rem In debug mode we need a real JDK (JAVA_HOME)
+if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto needJavaHome
+
+rem Otherwise either JRE or JDK are fine
+if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto gotJreHome
+if not "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto gotJavaHome
+echo Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
+echo At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto exit
+
+:needJavaHome
+rem Check if we have a usable JDK
+if "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto noJavaHome
+if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
+if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe" goto noJavaHome
+if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac.exe" goto noJavaHome
+set "JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%"
+goto okJava
+
+:noJavaHome
+echo The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly.
+echo JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%
+echo It is needed to run this program in debug mode.
+echo NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE.
+goto exit
+
+:gotJavaHome
+rem No JRE given, check if JAVA_HOME is usable as JRE_HOME
+if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHomeAsJre
+rem Use JAVA_HOME as JRE_HOME
+set "JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%"
+goto okJava
+
+:noJavaHomeAsJre
+echo The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly.
+echo JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%
+echo NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE.
+goto exit
+
+:gotJreHome
+rem Check if we have a usable JRE
+if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJreHome
+goto okJava
+
+:noJreHome
+rem Needed at least a JRE
+echo The JRE_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo JRE_HOME=%JRE_HOME%
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto exit
+
+:okJava
+rem Don't override the endorsed dir if the user has set it previously
+if not "%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == "" goto gotEndorseddir
+rem Java 9 no longer supports the java.endorsed.dirs
+rem system property. Only try to use it if
+rem CATALINA_HOME/endorsed exists.
+if not exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\endorsed" goto gotEndorseddir
+set "JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=%CATALINA_HOME%\endorsed"
+:gotEndorseddir
+
+rem Don't override _RUNJAVA if the user has set it previously
+if not "%_RUNJAVA%" == "" goto gotRunJava
+rem Set standard command for invoking Java.
+rem Also note the quoting as JRE_HOME may contain spaces.
+set _RUNJAVA="%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe"
+:gotRunJava
+
+rem Don't override _RUNJDB if the user has set it previously
+rem Also note the quoting as JAVA_HOME may contain spaces.
+if not "%_RUNJDB%" == "" goto gotRunJdb
+set _RUNJDB="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe"
+:gotRunJdb
+
+goto end
+
+:exit
+exit /b 1
+
+:end
+exit /b 0
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/setclasspath.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/setclasspath.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..77f1cb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/setclasspath.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Set JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME if not already set, ensure any provided settings
+#  are valid and consistent with the selected start-up options and set up the
+#  endorsed directory.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set
+if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ] && [ -z "$JRE_HOME" ]; then
+  if $darwin; then
+    # Bugzilla 54390
+    if [ -x '/usr/libexec/java_home' ] ; then
+      export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home`
+    # Bugzilla 37284 (reviewed).
+    elif [ -d "/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/CurrentJDK/Home" ]; then
+      export JAVA_HOME="/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/CurrentJDK/Home"
+    fi
+  else
+    JAVA_PATH=`which java 2>/dev/null`
+    if [ "x$JAVA_PATH" != "x" ]; then
+      JAVA_PATH=`dirname "$JAVA_PATH" 2>/dev/null`
+      JRE_HOME=`dirname "$JAVA_PATH" 2>/dev/null`
+    fi
+    if [ "x$JRE_HOME" = "x" ]; then
+      # XXX: Should we try other locations?
+      if [ -x /usr/bin/java ]; then
+        JRE_HOME=/usr
+      fi
+    fi
+  fi
+  if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ] && [ -z "$JRE_HOME" ]; then
+    echo "Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined"
+    echo "At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ] && [ "$1" = "debug" ]; then
+  echo "JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK in order to run in debug mode."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# If we're running under jdb, we need a full jdk.
+if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then
+  if [ "$os400" = "true" ]; then
+    if [ ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/java ] || [ ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/javac ]; then
+      echo "The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly"
+      echo "JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME"
+      echo "This environment variable is needed to run this program"
+      echo "NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE"
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  else
+    if [ ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/java ] || [ ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/jdb ] || [ ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/javac ]; then
+      echo "The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly"
+      echo "JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME"
+      echo "This environment variable is needed to run this program"
+      echo "NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE"
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$JRE_HOME" ]; then
+  # JAVA_HOME_MUST be set
+  if [ ! -x "$JAVA_HOME"/bin/java ]; then
+    echo "The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly"
+    echo "JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME"
+    echo "This environment variable is needed to run this program"
+    echo "NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  JRE_HOME="$JAVA_HOME"
+else
+  if [ ! -x "$JRE_HOME"/bin/java ]; then
+    echo "The JRE_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly"
+    echo "JRE_HOME=$JRE_HOME"
+    echo "This environment variable is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+# Don't override the endorsed dir if the user has set it previously
+if [ -z "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" ]; then
+  # Java 9 no longer supports the java.endorsed.dirs
+  # system property. Only try to use it if
+  # CATALINA_HOME/endorsed exists.
+  if [ -d "$CATALINA_HOME"/endorsed ]; then
+    JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS="$CATALINA_HOME"/endorsed
+  fi
+fi
+
+# Set standard commands for invoking Java, if not already set.
+if [ -z "$_RUNJAVA" ]; then
+  _RUNJAVA="$JRE_HOME"/bin/java
+fi
+if [ "$os400" != "true" ]; then
+  if [ -z "$_RUNJDB" ]; then
+    _RUNJDB="$JAVA_HOME"/bin/jdb
+  fi
+fi
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/shutdown.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/shutdown.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..119fb99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/shutdown.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Stop script for the CATALINA Server
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okHome
+
+set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"
+
+rem Check that target executable exists
+if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
+echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
+echo This file is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okExec
+
+rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+:setArgs
+if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
+shift
+goto setArgs
+:doneSetArgs
+
+call "%EXECUTABLE%" stop %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/shutdown.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/shutdown.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cd0c97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/shutdown.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Stop script for the CATALINA Server
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
+os400=false
+case "`uname`" in
+OS400*) os400=true;;
+esac
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh
+
+# Check that target executable exists
+if $os400; then
+  # -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
+  # 1. owned by the user
+  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
+  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
+  eval
+else
+  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
+    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
+    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
+    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" stop "$@"
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/startup.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/startup.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9f46b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/startup.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Start script for the CATALINA Server
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okHome
+
+set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"
+
+rem Check that target executable exists
+if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
+echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
+echo This file is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okExec
+
+rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+:setArgs
+if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
+shift
+goto setArgs
+:doneSetArgs
+
+call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/startup.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/startup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7b10287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/startup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Start Script for the CATALINA Server
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
+os400=false
+case "`uname`" in
+OS400*) os400=true;;
+esac
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh
+
+# Check that target executable exists
+if $os400; then
+  # -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
+  # 1. owned by the user
+  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
+  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
+  eval
+else
+  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
+    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
+    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
+    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" start "$@"
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tomcat-juli.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3eb7a2b
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tomcat-juli.jar differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6784f5f
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tool-wrapper.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tool-wrapper.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b26616e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tool-wrapper.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Wrapper script for command line tools
+rem
+rem Environment Variable Prerequisites
+rem
+rem   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
+rem
+rem   TOOL_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options.
+rem
+rem   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
+rem                   Using JRE_HOME instead works as well.
+rem
+rem   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
+rem                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
+rem                   are both set, JRE_HOME is used.
+rem
+rem   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options.
+rem
+rem   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
+rem                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
+rem                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
+rem                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
+rem                   This is only supported for Java <= 8.
+rem                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tool-wrapper.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tool-wrapper.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okHome
+
+rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
+rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
+set CLASSPATH=
+
+rem Get standard environment variables
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
+
+rem Get standard Java environment variables
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
+echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
+echo This file is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okSetclasspath
+call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
+if errorlevel 1 goto end
+
+rem Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH
+rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
+rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
+if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
+set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
+:emptyClasspath
+set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\servlet-api.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\tomcat-util.jar"
+
+set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
+
+rem Java 9 no longer supports the java.endorsed.dirs
+rem system property. Only try to use it if
+rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS was explicitly set
+rem or CATALINA_HOME/endorsed exists.
+set ENDORSED_PROP=ignore.endorsed.dirs
+if "%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == "" goto noEndorsedVar
+set ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+goto doneEndorsed
+:noEndorsedVar
+if not exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\endorsed" goto doneEndorsed
+set ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+:doneEndorsed
+
+rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+:setArgs
+if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
+shift
+goto setArgs
+:doneSetArgs
+
+%_RUNJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %TOOL_OPTS% -D%ENDORSED_PROP%="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" org.apache.catalina.startup.Tool %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tool-wrapper.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tool-wrapper.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..863ca49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/tool-wrapper.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Wrapper script for command line tools
+#
+# Environment Variable Prerequisites
+#
+#   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
+#
+#   TOOL_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options.
+#
+#   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
+#                   Using JRE_HOME instead works as well.
+#
+#   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
+#                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
+#                   are both set, JRE_HOME is used.
+#
+#   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options.
+#
+#   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of colon separated directories
+#                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
+#                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
+#                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
+#                   This is only supported for Java <= 8.
+#                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# OS specific support.  $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
+cygwin=false
+darwin=false
+os400=false
+case "`uname`" in
+CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
+Darwin*) darwin=true;;
+OS400*) os400=true;;
+esac
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+# Get standard environment variables
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+
+# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set
+[ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd`
+
+# Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
+# but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed.
+CLASSPATH=
+
+if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
+  . "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
+fi
+
+# For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched
+if $cygwin; then
+  [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"`
+  [ -n "$JRE_HOME" ] && JRE_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JRE_HOME"`
+  [ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"`
+  [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`
+fi
+
+# For OS400
+if $os400; then
+  # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using
+  # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests
+  # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs.
+  COMMAND='chgjob job('$JOBNAME') runpty(6)'
+  system $COMMAND
+
+  # Enable multi threading
+  export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y
+fi
+
+# Get standard Java environment variables
+if $os400; then
+  # -r will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
+  # 1. owned by the user
+  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
+  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
+  . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
+else
+  if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then
+    . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
+  else
+    echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh"
+    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+# Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH
+if [ ! -z "$CLASSPATH" ] ; then
+  CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":
+fi
+CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH""$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jar:"$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/tomcat-juli.jar:"$CATALINA_HOME"/lib/servlet-api.jar:"$CATALINA_HOME"/lib/tomcat-util.jar
+
+# For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if $cygwin; then
+  JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JAVA_HOME"`
+  JRE_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$JRE_HOME"`
+  CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"`
+  CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"`
+  [ -n "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" ] && JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS"`
+fi
+
+# Java 9 no longer supports the java.endorsed.dirs
+# system property. Only try to use it if
+# JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS was explicitly set
+# or CATALINA_HOME/endorsed exists.
+ENDORSED_PROP=ignore.endorsed.dirs
+if [ -n "$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" ]; then
+    ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+fi
+if [ -d "$CATALINA_HOME/endorsed" ]; then
+    ENDORSED_PROP=java.endorsed.dirs
+fi
+
+JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
+
+# ----- Execute The Requested Command -----------------------------------------
+
+eval exec "\"$_RUNJAVA\"" "$JAVA_OPTS" "$TOOL_OPTS" \
+  -D$ENDORSED_PROP="\"$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS\"" \
+  -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" \
+  -Dcatalina.home="\"$CATALINA_HOME\"" \
+  org.apache.catalina.startup.Tool "$@"
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/version.bat b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/version.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d294f76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/version.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+@echo off
+rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+rem
+rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+rem
+rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+rem limitations under the License.
+
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rem Version script for the CATALINA Server
+rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+setlocal
+
+rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
+set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
+if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+cd ..
+set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
+cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
+:gotHome
+if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
+echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
+echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okHome
+
+set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"
+
+rem Check that target executable exists
+if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
+echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
+echo This file is needed to run this program
+goto end
+:okExec
+
+rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
+:setArgs
+if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
+set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
+shift
+goto setArgs
+:doneSetArgs
+
+call "%EXECUTABLE%" version %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
+
+:end
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/version.sh b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/version.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1cb19bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/bin/version.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Version Script for the CATALINA Server
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
+os400=false
+case "`uname`" in
+OS400*) os400=true;;
+esac
+
+# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
+PRG="$0"
+
+while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
+  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
+  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
+  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
+    PRG="$link"
+  else
+    PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
+  fi
+done
+
+PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
+EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh
+
+# Check that target executable exists
+if $os400; then
+  # -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
+  # 1. owned by the user
+  # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
+  # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
+  eval
+else
+  if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
+    echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
+    echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
+    echo "This file is needed to run this program"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" version "$@"
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/catalina.policy b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/catalina.policy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7aab95d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/catalina.policy
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+// contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+// this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+// The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+// the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// ============================================================================
+// catalina.policy - Security Policy Permissions for Tomcat
+//
+// This file contains a default set of security policies to be enforced (by the
+// JVM) when Catalina is executed with the "-security" option.  In addition
+// to the permissions granted here, the following additional permissions are
+// granted to each web application:
+//
+// * Read access to the web application's document root directory
+// * Read, write and delete access to the web application's working directory
+// ============================================================================
+
+
+// ========== SYSTEM CODE PERMISSIONS =========================================
+
+
+// These permissions apply to javac
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/jre/lib/ext/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to javac when ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/../lib/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions when
+// ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/ext/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// This permission is required when using javac to compile JSPs on Java 9
+// onwards
+//grant codeBase "jrt:/jdk.compiler" {
+//        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+//};
+
+
+// ========== CATALINA CODE PERMISSIONS =======================================
+
+// These permissions apply to the daemon code
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/commons-daemon.jar" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the logging API
+// Note: If tomcat-juli.jar is in ${catalina.base} and not in ${catalina.home},
+// update this section accordingly.
+//  grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {..}
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {
+        permission java.io.FilePermission
+         "${java.home}${file.separator}lib${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+
+        permission java.io.FilePermission
+         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}conf${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+        permission java.io.FilePermission
+         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs", "read, write";
+        permission java.io.FilePermission
+         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs${file.separator}*", "read, write, delete";
+
+        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "shutdownHooks";
+        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getClassLoader";
+        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "setContextClassLoader";
+
+        permission java.lang.management.ManagementPermission "monitor";
+
+        permission java.util.logging.LoggingPermission "control";
+
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.class", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.file", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.juli.AsyncMaxRecordCount", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.juli.AsyncOverflowDropType", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.debug", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "catalina.base", "read";
+
+        // Note: To enable per context logging configuration, permit read access to
+        // the appropriate file. Be sure that the logging configuration is
+        // secure before enabling such access.
+        // E.g. for the examples web application (uncomment and unwrap
+        // the following to be on a single line):
+        // permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator}
+        //  webapps${file.separator}examples${file.separator}WEB-INF
+        //  ${file.separator}classes${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the server startup code
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/bootstrap.jar" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the servlet API classes
+// and those that are shared across all class loaders
+// located in the "lib" directory
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/lib/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+
+// If using a per instance lib directory, i.e. ${catalina.base}/lib,
+// then the following permission will need to be uncommented
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/lib/-" {
+//         permission java.security.AllPermission;
+// };
+
+
+// ========== WEB APPLICATION PERMISSIONS =====================================
+
+
+// These permissions are granted by default to all web applications
+// In addition, a web application will be given a read FilePermission
+// for all files and directories in its document root.
+grant {
+    // Required for JNDI lookup of named JDBC DataSource's and
+    // javamail named MimePart DataSource used to send mail
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.home", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.naming.*", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "javax.sql.*", "read";
+
+    // OS Specific properties to allow read access
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.name", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.arch", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "path.separator", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read";
+
+    // JVM properties to allow read access
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor.url", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.class.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.vendor", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.name", "read";
+
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.vendor", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.name", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.vendor", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.name", "read";
+
+    // Required for OpenJMX
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getAttribute";
+
+    // Allow read of JAXP compliant XML parser debug
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "jaxp.debug", "read";
+
+    // All JSPs need to be able to read this package
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat";
+
+    // Precompiled JSPs need access to these packages.
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.el";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission
+     "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime.*";
+
+    // Applications using WebSocket need to be able to access these packages
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat.websocket";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server";
+};
+
+
+// The Manager application needs access to the following packages to support the
+// session display functionality. It also requires the custom Tomcat
+// DeployXmlPermission to enable the use of META-INF/context.xml
+// These settings support the following configurations:
+// - default CATALINA_HOME == CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, per instance Manager in CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, shared Manager in CATALINA_HOME
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/manager/-" {
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.ha.session";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.util";
+    permission org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission "manager";
+};
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/webapps/manager/-" {
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.ha.session";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.util";
+    permission org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission "manager";
+};
+
+// The Host Manager application needs the custom Tomcat DeployXmlPermission to
+// enable the use of META-INF/context.xml
+// These settings support the following configurations:
+// - default CATALINA_HOME == CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, per instance Host Manager in CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, shared Host Manager in CATALINA_HOME
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/host-manager/-" {
+    permission org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission "host-manager";
+};
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/webapps/host-manager/-" {
+    permission org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission "host-manager";
+};
+
+
+// You can assign additional permissions to particular web applications by
+// adding additional "grant" entries here, based on the code base for that
+// application, /WEB-INF/classes/, or /WEB-INF/lib/ jar files.
+//
+// Different permissions can be granted to JSP pages, classes loaded from
+// the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory, all jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/
+// directory, or even to individual jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/ directory.
+//
+// For instance, assume that the standard "examples" application
+// included a JDBC driver that needed to establish a network connection to the
+// corresponding database and used the scrape taglib to get the weather from
+// the NOAA web server.  You might create a "grant" entries like this:
+//
+// The permissions granted to the context root directory apply to JSP pages.
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/-" {
+//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
+//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
+// };
+//
+// The permissions granted to the context WEB-INF/classes directory
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/-" {
+// };
+//
+// The permission granted to your JDBC driver
+// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar!/-" {
+//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
+// };
+// The permission granted to the scrape taglib
+// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/scrape.jar!/-" {
+//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
+// };
+
+// To grant permissions for web applications using packed WAR files, use the
+// Tomcat specific WAR url scheme.
+//
+// The permissions granted to the entire web application
+// grant codeBase "war:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples.war*/-" {
+// };
+//
+// The permissions granted to a specific JAR
+// grant codeBase "war:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples.war*/WEB-INF/lib/foo.jar" {
+// };
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/catalina.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/catalina.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38ce4c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/catalina.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+#
+# List of comma-separated packages that start with or equal this string
+# will cause a security exception to be thrown when
+# passed to checkPackageAccess unless the
+# corresponding RuntimePermission ("accessClassInPackage."+package) has
+# been granted.
+package.access=sun.,org.apache.catalina.,org.apache.coyote.,org.apache.jasper.,org.apache.tomcat.
+#
+# List of comma-separated packages that start with or equal this string
+# will cause a security exception to be thrown when
+# passed to checkPackageDefinition unless the
+# corresponding RuntimePermission ("defineClassInPackage."+package) has
+# been granted.
+#
+# by default, no packages are restricted for definition, and none of
+# the class loaders supplied with the JDK call checkPackageDefinition.
+#
+package.definition=sun.,java.,org.apache.catalina.,org.apache.coyote.,\
+org.apache.jasper.,org.apache.naming.,org.apache.tomcat.
+
+#
+#
+# List of comma-separated paths defining the contents of the "common"
+# classloader. Prefixes should be used to define what is the repository type.
+# Path may be relative to the CATALINA_HOME or CATALINA_BASE path or absolute.
+# If left as blank,the JVM system loader will be used as Catalina's "common"
+# loader.
+# Examples:
+#     "foo": Add this folder as a class repository
+#     "foo/*.jar": Add all the JARs of the specified folder as class
+#                  repositories
+#     "foo/bar.jar": Add bar.jar as a class repository
+#
+# Note: Values are enclosed in double quotes ("...") in case either the
+#       ${catalina.base} path or the ${catalina.home} path contains a comma.
+#       Because double quotes are used for quoting, the double quote character
+#       may not appear in a path.
+common.loader="${catalina.base}/lib","${catalina.base}/lib/*.jar","${catalina.home}/lib","${catalina.home}/lib/*.jar"
+
+#
+# List of comma-separated paths defining the contents of the "server"
+# classloader. Prefixes should be used to define what is the repository type.
+# Path may be relative to the CATALINA_HOME or CATALINA_BASE path or absolute.
+# If left as blank, the "common" loader will be used as Catalina's "server"
+# loader.
+# Examples:
+#     "foo": Add this folder as a class repository
+#     "foo/*.jar": Add all the JARs of the specified folder as class
+#                  repositories
+#     "foo/bar.jar": Add bar.jar as a class repository
+#
+# Note: Values may be enclosed in double quotes ("...") in case either the
+#       ${catalina.base} path or the ${catalina.home} path contains a comma.
+#       Because double quotes are used for quoting, the double quote character
+#       may not appear in a path.
+server.loader=
+
+#
+# List of comma-separated paths defining the contents of the "shared"
+# classloader. Prefixes should be used to define what is the repository type.
+# Path may be relative to the CATALINA_BASE path or absolute. If left as blank,
+# the "common" loader will be used as Catalina's "shared" loader.
+# Examples:
+#     "foo": Add this folder as a class repository
+#     "foo/*.jar": Add all the JARs of the specified folder as class
+#                  repositories
+#     "foo/bar.jar": Add bar.jar as a class repository
+# Please note that for single jars, e.g. bar.jar, you need the URL form
+# starting with file:.
+#
+# Note: Values may be enclosed in double quotes ("...") in case either the
+#       ${catalina.base} path or the ${catalina.home} path contains a comma.
+#       Because double quotes are used for quoting, the double quote character
+#       may not appear in a path.
+shared.loader=
+
+# Default list of JAR files that should not be scanned using the JarScanner
+# functionality. This is typically used to scan JARs for configuration
+# information. JARs that do not contain such information may be excluded from
+# the scan to speed up the scanning process. This is the default list. JARs on
+# this list are excluded from all scans. The list must be a comma separated list
+# of JAR file names.
+# The list of JARs to skip may be over-ridden at a Context level for individual
+# scan types by configuring a JarScanner with a nested JarScanFilter.
+# The JARs listed below include:
+# - Tomcat Bootstrap JARs
+# - Tomcat API JARs
+# - Catalina JARs
+# - Jasper JARs
+# - Tomcat JARs
+# - Common non-Tomcat JARs
+# - Test JARs (JUnit, Cobertura and dependencies)
+tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToSkip=\
+annotations-api.jar,\
+ant-junit*.jar,\
+ant-launcher*.jar,\
+ant*.jar,\
+asm-*.jar,\
+aspectj*.jar,\
+bcel*.jar,\
+biz.aQute.bnd*.jar,\
+bootstrap.jar,\
+catalina-ant.jar,\
+catalina-ha.jar,\
+catalina-ssi.jar,\
+catalina-storeconfig.jar,\
+catalina-tribes.jar,\
+catalina.jar,\
+cglib-*.jar,\
+cobertura-*.jar,\
+commons-beanutils*.jar,\
+commons-codec*.jar,\
+commons-collections*.jar,\
+commons-compress*.jar,\
+commons-daemon.jar,\
+commons-dbcp*.jar,\
+commons-digester*.jar,\
+commons-fileupload*.jar,\
+commons-httpclient*.jar,\
+commons-io*.jar,\
+commons-lang*.jar,\
+commons-logging*.jar,\
+commons-math*.jar,\
+commons-pool*.jar,\
+derby-*.jar,\
+dom4j-*.jar,\
+easymock-*.jar,\
+ecj-*.jar,\
+el-api.jar,\
+geronimo-spec-jaxrpc*.jar,\
+h2*.jar,\
+ha-api-*.jar,\
+hamcrest-*.jar,\
+hibernate*.jar,\
+httpclient*.jar,\
+icu4j-*.jar,\
+jasper-el.jar,\
+jasper.jar,\
+jaspic-api.jar,\
+jaxb-*.jar,\
+jaxen-*.jar,\
+jaxws-rt-*.jar,\
+jdom-*.jar,\
+jetty-*.jar,\
+jmx-tools.jar,\
+jmx.jar,\
+jsp-api.jar,\
+jstl.jar,\
+jta*.jar,\
+junit-*.jar,\
+junit.jar,\
+log4j*.jar,\
+mail*.jar,\
+objenesis-*.jar,\
+oraclepki.jar,\
+org.hamcrest.core_*.jar,\
+org.junit_*.jar,\
+oro-*.jar,\
+servlet-api-*.jar,\
+servlet-api.jar,\
+slf4j*.jar,\
+taglibs-standard-spec-*.jar,\
+tagsoup-*.jar,\
+tomcat-api.jar,\
+tomcat-coyote.jar,\
+tomcat-dbcp.jar,\
+tomcat-i18n-*.jar,\
+tomcat-jdbc.jar,\
+tomcat-jni.jar,\
+tomcat-juli-adapters.jar,\
+tomcat-juli.jar,\
+tomcat-util-scan.jar,\
+tomcat-util.jar,\
+tomcat-websocket.jar,\
+tools.jar,\
+unboundid-ldapsdk-*.jar,\
+websocket-api.jar,\
+wsdl4j*.jar,\
+xercesImpl.jar,\
+xml-apis.jar,\
+xmlParserAPIs-*.jar,\
+xmlParserAPIs.jar,\
+xom-*.jar
+
+# Default list of JAR files that should be scanned that overrides the default
+# jarsToSkip list above. This is typically used to include a specific JAR that
+# has been excluded by a broad file name pattern in the jarsToSkip list.
+# The list of JARs to scan may be over-ridden at a Context level for individual
+# scan types by configuring a JarScanner with a nested JarScanFilter.
+tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToScan=\
+log4j-taglib*.jar,\
+log4j-web*.jar,\
+log4javascript*.jar,\
+slf4j-taglib*.jar
+
+# String cache configuration.
+tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.byte.enabled=true
+#tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.char.enabled=true
+#tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.trainThreshold=500000
+#tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.cacheSize=5000
+
+# Disable use of some privilege blocks Tomcat doesn't need since calls to the
+# code in question are always already inside a privilege block
+org.apache.el.GET_CLASSLOADER_USE_PRIVILEGED=false
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/context.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/context.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f6fc0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/context.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!-- The contents of this file will be loaded for each web application -->
+<Context>
+
+    <!-- Default set of monitored resources. If one of these changes, the    -->
+    <!-- web application will be reloaded.                                   -->
+    <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>
+    <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</WatchedResource>
+    <WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource>
+
+    <!-- Uncomment this to disable session persistence across Tomcat restarts -->
+    <!--
+    <Manager pathname="" />
+    -->
+</Context>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/jaspic-providers.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/jaspic-providers.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdebf87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/jaspic-providers.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<jaspic-providers xmlns="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
+                  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+                  xsi:schemaLocation="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml jaspic-providers.xsd"
+                  version="1.0">
+  <!-- No JASPIC providers configured by default -->
+</jaspic-providers>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/jaspic-providers.xsd b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/jaspic-providers.xsd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1004a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/jaspic-providers.xsd
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<xs:schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+           targetNamespace="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
+           xmlns:jaspic="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
+           xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+           elementFormDefault="qualified"
+           attributeFormDefault="unqualified"
+           version="1.0">
+  <xs:element name="jaspic-providers">
+    <xs:complexType>
+      <xs:sequence>
+        <xs:element name="provider" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xs:complexType>
+            <xs:sequence>
+              <xs:element name="property" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+                <xs:complexType>
+                  <xs:attribute name="name" use="required" type="jaspic:propertyname" />
+                  <xs:attribute name="value" use="required" type="xs:string" />
+                </xs:complexType>
+              </xs:element>
+            </xs:sequence>
+            <xs:attribute name="className" type="xs:string" />
+            <xs:attribute name="layer" type="xs:string" />
+            <xs:attribute name="appContext" type="xs:string" />
+            <xs:attribute name="description" type="xs:string" />
+          </xs:complexType>
+        </xs:element>
+      </xs:sequence>
+      <xs:attribute name="version" type="xs:string" />
+    </xs:complexType>
+  </xs:element>
+  <xs:simpleType name="propertyname">
+    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
+      <xs:minLength value="1"/>
+    </xs:restriction>
+  </xs:simpleType>
+</xs:schema>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/logging.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/logging.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8b7b16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/logging.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
+
+.handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
+
+############################################################
+# Handler specific properties.
+# Describes specific configuration info for Handlers.
+############################################################
+
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = catalina.
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.maxDays = 90
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = localhost.
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.maxDays = 90
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
+3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = manager.
+3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.maxDays = 90
+3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
+4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = host-manager.
+4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.maxDays = 90
+4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = org.apache.juli.OneLineFormatter
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+
+############################################################
+# Facility specific properties.
+# Provides extra control for each logger.
+############################################################
+
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].level = INFO
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].handlers = 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler
+
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].level = INFO
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].handlers = 3manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler
+
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].level = INFO
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/host-manager].handlers = 4host-manager.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler
+
+# For example, set the org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase logger to log
+# each component that extends LifecycleBase changing state:
+#org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.level = FINE
+
+# To see debug messages in TldLocationsCache, uncomment the following line:
+#org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache.level = FINE
+
+# To see debug messages for HTTP/2 handling, uncomment the following line:
+#org.apache.coyote.http2.level = FINE
+
+# To see debug messages for WebSocket handling, uncomment the following line:
+#org.apache.tomcat.websocket.level = FINE
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/server.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/server.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53eb415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/server.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
+     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
+     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
+ -->
+<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
+  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
+  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
+  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
+  -->
+  <!-- APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
+  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
+  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
+  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
+  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
+  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
+
+  <!-- Global JNDI resources
+       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
+  -->
+  <GlobalNamingResources>
+    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
+         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
+    -->
+    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
+              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
+              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
+              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
+              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
+  </GlobalNamingResources>
+
+  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
+       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
+       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
+       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
+   -->
+  <Service name="Catalina">
+
+    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
+    <!--
+    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
+        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
+    -->
+
+
+    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
+         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
+         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
+         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
+         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
+         Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
+    -->
+    <Connector port="3333" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
+               connectionTimeout="20000"
+               redirectPort="8443"
+               maxParameterCount="1000"
+               />
+    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
+    <!--
+    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
+               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
+               connectionTimeout="20000"
+               redirectPort="8443"
+               maxParameterCount="1000"
+               />
+    -->
+    <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
+         This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
+         SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
+         library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the AprLifecycleListener.
+         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
+         the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
+    -->
+    <!--
+    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
+               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true"
+               maxParameterCount="1000"
+               >
+        <SSLHostConfig>
+            <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
+                         type="RSA" />
+        </SSLHostConfig>
+    </Connector>
+    -->
+    <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
+         This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
+         OpenSSL for TLS.
+         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
+         configuration is used below.
+    -->
+    <!--
+    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
+               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true"
+               maxParameterCount="1000"
+               >
+        <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
+        <SSLHostConfig>
+            <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
+                         certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
+                         certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
+                         type="RSA" />
+        </SSLHostConfig>
+    </Connector>
+    -->
+
+    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
+    <!--
+    <Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
+               address="::1"
+               port="8009"
+               redirectPort="8443"
+               maxParameterCount="1000"
+               />
+    -->
+
+    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
+         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
+         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
+         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
+         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->
+
+    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
+    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
+    -->
+    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
+
+      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
+          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
+          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
+      <!--
+      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
+      -->
+
+      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
+           via a brute-force attack -->
+      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
+        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
+             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
+             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
+             available for use by the Realm.  -->
+        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
+               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
+      </Realm>
+
+      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
+            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
+
+        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
+             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
+        <!--
+        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
+        -->
+
+        <!-- Access log processes all example.
+             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
+             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
+        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
+               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
+               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
+
+      </Host>
+    </Engine>
+  </Service>
+</Server>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/tomcat-users.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/tomcat-users.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86b2a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/tomcat-users.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<tomcat-users xmlns="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
+              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+              xsi:schemaLocation="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml tomcat-users.xsd"
+              version="1.0">
+<!--
+  By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required
+  to operate the "/manager/html" web application.  If you wish to use this app,
+  you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.
+
+  Built-in Tomcat manager roles:
+    - manager-gui    - allows access to the HTML GUI and the status pages
+    - manager-script - allows access to the HTTP API and the status pages
+    - manager-jmx    - allows access to the JMX proxy and the status pages
+    - manager-status - allows access to the status pages only
+
+  The users below are wrapped in a comment and are therefore ignored. If you
+  wish to configure one or more of these users for use with the manager web
+  application, do not forget to remove the <!.. ..> that surrounds them. You
+  will also need to set the passwords to something appropriate.
+-->
+<!--
+  <user username="admin" password="<must-be-changed>" roles="manager-gui"/>
+  <user username="robot" password="<must-be-changed>" roles="manager-script"/>
+-->
+<!--
+  The sample user and role entries below are intended for use with the
+  examples web application. They are wrapped in a comment and thus are ignored
+  when reading this file. If you wish to configure these users for use with the
+  examples web application, do not forget to remove the <!.. ..> that surrounds
+  them. You will also need to set the passwords to something appropriate.
+-->
+<!--
+  <role rolename="tomcat"/>
+  <role rolename="role1"/>
+  <user username="tomcat" password="<must-be-changed>" roles="tomcat"/>
+  <user username="both" password="<must-be-changed>" roles="tomcat,role1"/>
+  <user username="role1" password="<must-be-changed>" roles="role1"/>
+-->
+</tomcat-users>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/tomcat-users.xsd b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/tomcat-users.xsd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a3446c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/tomcat-users.xsd
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<xs:schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+           targetNamespace="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
+           xmlns:users="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
+           xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+           elementFormDefault="qualified"
+           attributeFormDefault="unqualified"
+           version="1.0">
+  <xs:element name="tomcat-users">
+    <xs:complexType>
+      <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+        <xs:element name="role">
+          <xs:complexType>
+            <xs:attribute name="rolename" use="required" type="users:entityname" />
+            <xs:attribute name="description" type="xs:string" />
+          </xs:complexType>
+        </xs:element>
+        <xs:element name="group">
+          <xs:complexType>
+            <xs:attribute name="groupname" use="required" type="users:entityname" />
+            <xs:attribute name="description" type="xs:string" />
+            <xs:attribute name="roles" type="xs:string" />
+          </xs:complexType>
+        </xs:element>
+        <xs:element name="user">
+          <xs:complexType>
+            <xs:attribute name="username" use="required" type="users:entityname" />
+            <xs:attribute name="fullname" type="xs:string" />
+            <xs:attribute name="password" type="xs:string" />
+            <xs:attribute name="roles" type="xs:string" />
+            <xs:attribute name="groups" type="xs:string" />
+          </xs:complexType>
+        </xs:element>
+      </xs:choice>
+      <xs:attribute name="version" type="xs:string" />
+    </xs:complexType>
+  </xs:element>
+  <xs:simpleType name="entityname">
+    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
+      <xs:minLength value="1"/>
+    </xs:restriction>
+  </xs:simpleType>
+</xs:schema>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/web.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/web.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b8b1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/conf/web.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,4740 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
+                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
+  version="4.0">
+
+  <!-- ======================== Introduction ============================== -->
+  <!-- This document defines default values for *all* web applications      -->
+  <!-- loaded into this instance of Tomcat.  As each application is         -->
+  <!-- deployed, this file is processed, followed by the                    -->
+  <!-- "/WEB-INF/web.xml" deployment descriptor from your own               -->
+  <!-- applications.                                                        -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!-- WARNING:  Do not configure application-specific resources here!      -->
+  <!-- They should go in the "/WEB-INF/web.xml" file in your application.   -->
+
+
+  <!-- ================== Built In Servlet Definitions ==================== -->
+
+
+  <!-- The default servlet for all web applications, that serves static     -->
+  <!-- resources.  It processes all requests that are not mapped to other   -->
+  <!-- servlets with servlet mappings (defined either here or in your own   -->
+  <!-- web.xml file).  This servlet supports the following initialization   -->
+  <!-- parameters (default values are in square brackets):                  -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   debug               Debugging detail level for messages logged     -->
+  <!--                       by this servlet. Useful values are 0, 1, and   -->
+  <!--                       11 where higher values mean more detail. [0]   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   fileEncoding        Encoding to be used to read static resources   -->
+  <!--                       [platform default]                             -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   useBomIfPresent     If a static file contains a byte order mark    -->
+  <!--                       (BOM), should this be used to determine the    -->
+  <!--                       file encoding in preference to fileEncoding.   -->
+  <!--                       [true]                                         -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   input               Input buffer size (in bytes) when reading      -->
+  <!--                       resources to be served.  [2048]                -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   listings            Should directory listings be produced if there -->
+  <!--                       is no welcome file in this directory?  [false] -->
+  <!--                       WARNING: Listings for directories with many    -->
+  <!--                       entries can be slow and may consume            -->
+  <!--                       significant proportions of server resources.   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   output              Output buffer size (in bytes) when writing     -->
+  <!--                       resources to be served.  [2048]                -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   readonly            Is this context "read only", so HTTP           -->
+  <!--                       commands like PUT and DELETE are               -->
+  <!--                       rejected?  [true]                              -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   readmeFile          File to display together with the directory    -->
+  <!--                       contents. [null]                               -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   sendfileSize        If the connector used supports sendfile, this  -->
+  <!--                       represents the minimal file size in KB for     -->
+  <!--                       which sendfile will be used. Use a negative    -->
+  <!--                       value to always disable sendfile.  [48]        -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   useAcceptRanges     Should the Accept-Ranges header be included    -->
+  <!--                       in responses where appropriate? [true]         -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--  For directory listing customization. Checks localXsltFile, then     -->
+  <!--  globalXsltFile, then defaults to original behavior.                 -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   localXsltFile       Make directory listings an XML doc and         -->
+  <!--                       pass the result to this style sheet residing   -->
+  <!--                       in that directory. This overrides              -->
+  <!--                       contextXsltFile and globalXsltFile[null]       -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   contextXsltFile     Make directory listings an XML doc and         -->
+  <!--                       pass the result to this style sheet which is   -->
+  <!--                       relative to the context root. This overrides   -->
+  <!--                       globalXsltFile[null]                           -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   globalXsltFile      Site wide configuration version of             -->
+  <!--                       localXsltFile. This argument must either be an -->
+  <!--                       absolute or relative (to either                -->
+  <!--                       $CATALINA_BASE/conf or $CATALINA_HOME/conf)    -->
+  <!--                       path that points to a location below either    -->
+  <!--                       $CATALINA_BASE/conf (checked first) or         -->
+  <!--                       $CATALINA_HOME/conf (checked second).[null]    -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   showServerInfo      Should server information be presented in the  -->
+  <!--                       response sent to clients when directory        -->
+  <!--                       listings is enabled? [true]                    -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   allowPartialPut     Should the server treat an HTTP PUT request    -->
+  <!--                       with a Range header as a partial PUT? Note     -->
+  <!--                       that while RFC 7233 clarified that Range       -->
+  <!--                       headers only valid for GET requests, RFC 9110  -->
+  <!--                       (which obsoletes RFC 7233) now allows partial  -->
+  <!--                       puts. [true]                                   -->
+
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>debug</param-name>
+            <param-value>0</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>listings</param-name>
+            <param-value>false</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
+    </servlet>
+
+
+  <!-- The JSP page compiler and execution servlet, which is the mechanism  -->
+  <!-- used by Tomcat to support JSP pages.  Traditionally, this servlet    -->
+  <!-- is mapped to the URL pattern "*.jsp".  This servlet supports the     -->
+  <!-- following initialization parameters (default values are in square    -->
+  <!-- brackets):                                                           -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   checkInterval       If development is false and checkInterval is   -->
+  <!--                       greater than zero, background compilations are -->
+  <!--                       enabled. checkInterval is the time in seconds  -->
+  <!--                       between checks to see if a JSP page (and its   -->
+  <!--                       dependent files) needs to  be recompiled. [0]  -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   classdebuginfo      Should the class file be compiled with         -->
+  <!--                       debugging information?  [true]                 -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   classpath           What class path should I use while compiling   -->
+  <!--                       generated servlets?  [Created dynamically      -->
+  <!--                       based on the current web application]          -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   compiler            Which compiler Ant should use to compile JSP   -->
+  <!--                       pages.  See the jasper documentation for more  -->
+  <!--                       information.                                   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   compilerSourceVM    Compiler source VM. [1.8]                      -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   compilerTargetVM    Compiler target VM. [1.8]                      -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   development         Is Jasper used in development mode? If true,   -->
+  <!--                       the frequency at which JSPs are checked for    -->
+  <!--                       modification may be specified via the          -->
+  <!--                       modificationTestInterval parameter. [true]     -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   displaySourceFragment                                              -->
+  <!--                       Should a source fragment be included in        -->
+  <!--                       exception messages? [true]                     -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   dumpSmap            Should the SMAP info for JSR45 debugging be    -->
+  <!--                       dumped to a file? [false]                      -->
+  <!--                       False if suppressSmap is true                  -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   enablePooling       Determines whether tag handler pooling is      -->
+  <!--                       enabled. This is a compilation option. It will -->
+  <!--                       not alter the behaviour of JSPs that have      -->
+  <!--                       already been compiled. [true]                  -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   engineOptionsClass  Allows specifying the Options class used to    -->
+  <!--                       configure Jasper. If not present, the default  -->
+  <!--                       EmbeddedServletOptions will be used.           -->
+  <!--                       This option is ignored when running under a    -->
+  <!--                       SecurityManager.                               -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   errorOnUseBeanInvalidClassAttribute                                -->
+  <!--                       Should Jasper issue an error when the value of -->
+  <!--                       the class attribute in an useBean action is    -->
+  <!--                       not a valid bean class?  [true]                -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   fork                Tell Ant to fork compiles of JSP pages so that -->
+  <!--                       a separate JVM is used for JSP page compiles   -->
+  <!--                       from the one Tomcat is running in. [true]      -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   genStringAsCharArray                                               -->
+  <!--                       Should text strings be generated as char       -->
+  <!--                       arrays, to improve performance in some cases?  -->
+  <!--                       [false]                                        -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   ieClassId           Deprecated. Will be removed in Tomcat 10.1     -->
+  <!--                       The class-id value to be sent to Internet      -->
+  <!--                       Explorer when using <jsp:plugin> tags.         -->
+  <!--                       [clsid:8AD9C840-044E-11D1-B3E9-00805F499D93]   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   javaEncoding        Java file encoding to use for generating java  -->
+  <!--                       source files. [UTF8]                           -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   keepgenerated       Should we keep the generated Java source code  -->
+  <!--                       for each page instead of deleting it? [true]   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   mappedfile          Should we generate static content with one     -->
+  <!--                       print statement per input line, to ease        -->
+  <!--                       debugging?  [true]                             -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   maxLoadedJsps       The maximum number of JSPs that will be loaded -->
+  <!--                       for a web application. If more than this       -->
+  <!--                       number of JSPs are loaded, the least recently  -->
+  <!--                       used JSPs will be unloaded so that the number  -->
+  <!--                       of JSPs loaded at any one time does not exceed -->
+  <!--                       this limit. A value of zero or less indicates  -->
+  <!--                       no limit. [-1]                                 -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   jspIdleTimeout      The amount of time in seconds a JSP can be     -->
+  <!--                       idle before it is unloaded. A value of zero    -->
+  <!--                       or less indicates never unload. [-1]           -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   modificationTestInterval                                           -->
+  <!--                       Causes a JSP (and its dependent files) to not  -->
+  <!--                       be checked for modification during the         -->
+  <!--                       specified time interval (in seconds) from the  -->
+  <!--                       last time the JSP was checked for              -->
+  <!--                       modification. A value of 0 will cause the JSP  -->
+  <!--                       to be checked on every access.                 -->
+  <!--                       Used in development mode only. [4]             -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   recompileOnFail     If a JSP compilation fails should the          -->
+  <!--                       modificationTestInterval be ignored and the    -->
+  <!--                       next access trigger a re-compilation attempt?  -->
+  <!--                       Used in development mode only and is disabled  -->
+  <!--                       by default as compilation may be expensive and -->
+  <!--                       could lead to excessive resource usage.        -->
+  <!--                       [false]                                        -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   scratchdir          What scratch directory should we use when      -->
+  <!--                       compiling JSP pages?  [default work directory  -->
+  <!--                       for the current web application]               -->
+  <!--                       This option is ignored when running under a    -->
+  <!--                       SecurityManager.                               -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   suppressSmap        Should the generation of SMAP info for JSR45   -->
+  <!--                       debugging be suppressed?  [false]              -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   trimSpaces          Should template text that consists entirely of -->
+  <!--                       whitespace be removed from the output (true),  -->
+  <!--                       replaced with a single space (single) or left  -->
+  <!--                       unchanged (false)? Note that if a JSP page or  -->
+  <!--                       tag file specifies a trimDirectiveWhitespaces  -->
+  <!--                       value of true, that will take precedence over  -->
+  <!--                       this configuration setting for that page/tag.  -->
+  <!--                       [false]                                        -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   xpoweredBy          Determines whether X-Powered-By response       -->
+  <!--                       header is added by generated servlet.  [false] -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   strictQuoteEscaping When scriptlet expressions are used for        -->
+  <!--                       attribute values, should the rules in JSP.1.6  -->
+  <!--                       for the escaping of quote characters be        -->
+  <!--                       strictly applied? [true]                       -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   quoteAttributeEL    When EL is used in an attribute value on a     -->
+  <!--                       JSP page should the rules for quoting of       -->
+  <!--                       attributes described in JSP.1.6 be applied to  -->
+  <!--                       the expression? [true]                         -->
+
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>fork</param-name>
+            <param-value>false</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name>
+            <param-value>false</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
+    </servlet>
+
+
+  <!-- NOTE: An SSI Filter is also available as an alternative SSI          -->
+  <!-- implementation. Use either the Servlet or the Filter but NOT both.   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!-- Server Side Includes processing servlet, which processes SSI         -->
+  <!-- directives in HTML pages consistent with similar support in web      -->
+  <!-- servers like Apache.  Traditionally, this servlet is mapped to the   -->
+  <!-- URL pattern "*.shtml".  This servlet supports the following          -->
+  <!-- initialization parameters (default values are in square brackets):   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   buffered            Should output from this servlet be buffered?   -->
+  <!--                       (0=false, 1=true)  [0]                         -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   debug               Debugging detail level for messages logged     -->
+  <!--                       by this servlet.  [0]                          -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   expires             The number of seconds before a page with SSI   -->
+  <!--                       directives will expire.  [No default]          -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   isVirtualWebappRelative                                            -->
+  <!--                       Should "virtual" paths be interpreted as       -->
+  <!--                       relative to the context root, instead of       -->
+  <!--                       the server root? [false]                       -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   inputEncoding       The encoding to assume for SSI resources if    -->
+  <!--                       one is not available from the resource.        -->
+  <!--                       [Platform default]                             -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   outputEncoding      The encoding to use for the page that results  -->
+  <!--                       from the SSI processing. [UTF-8]               -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   allowExec           Is use of the exec command enabled? [false]    -->
+
+<!--
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>ssi</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>
+          org.apache.catalina.ssi.SSIServlet
+        </servlet-class>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>buffered</param-name>
+          <param-value>1</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>debug</param-name>
+          <param-value>0</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>expires</param-name>
+          <param-value>666</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>isVirtualWebappRelative</param-name>
+          <param-value>false</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <load-on-startup>4</load-on-startup>
+    </servlet>
+-->
+
+
+  <!-- Common Gateway Includes (CGI) processing servlet, which supports     -->
+  <!-- execution of external applications that conform to the CGI spec      -->
+  <!-- requirements.  Typically, this servlet is mapped to the URL pattern  -->
+  <!-- "/cgi-bin/*", which means that any CGI applications that are         -->
+  <!-- executed must be present within the web application.  This servlet   -->
+  <!-- supports the following initialization parameters (default values     -->
+  <!-- are in square brackets):                                             -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   cgiPathPrefix        The CGI search path will start at             -->
+  <!--                        webAppRootDir + File.separator + this prefix. -->
+  <!--                        If not set, then webAppRootDir is used.       -->
+  <!--                        Recommended value: WEB-INF/cgi                -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--  cmdLineArgumentsDecoded                                             -->
+  <!--                        Only used when enableCmdLineArguments is      -->
+  <!--                        true. The pattern that individual decoded     -->
+  <!--                        command line arguments must match else the    -->
+  <!--                        request will be rejected. This is to          -->
+  <!--                        work-around various issues when Java passes   -->
+  <!--                        the arguments to the OS. See the CGI How-To   -->
+  <!--                        for more details. The default varies by       -->
+  <!--                        platform.                                     -->
+  <!--                        Windows: [[\w\Q-.\\/:\E]+]            -->
+  <!--                        Others:  [.*]                                 -->
+  <!--                        Note that internally the CGI Servlet treats   -->
+  <!--                        [.*] as a special case to improve performance -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   cmdLineArgumentsEncoded                                            -->
+  <!--                        Only used when enableCmdLineArguments is      -->
+  <!--                        true. The pattern that individual encoded     -->
+  <!--                        command line arguments must match else the    -->
+  <!--                        request will be rejected. The default matches -->
+  <!--                        the allowed values defined by RFC3875.        -->
+  <!--                        [[\w\Q%;/?:@&,$-.!~*'()\E]+]          -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   enableCmdLineArguments                                             -->
+  <!--                        Are command line parameters generated from    -->
+  <!--                        the query string as per section 4.4 of 3875   -->
+  <!--                        RFC? [false]                                  -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   executable           Name of the executable used to run the        -->
+  <!--                        script. [perl]                                -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   envHttpHeaders       A regular expression used to select the HTTP  -->
+  <!--                        headers passed to the CGI process as          -->
+  <!--                        environment variables. Note that headers are  -->
+  <!--                        converted to upper case before matching and   -->
+  <!--                        that the entire header name must match the    -->
+  <!--                        pattern.                                      -->
+  <!--                        [ACCEPT[-0-9A-Z]*|CACHE-CONTROL|COOKIE|HOST|  -->
+  <!--                         IF-[-0-9A-Z]*|REFERER|USER-AGENT]            -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--  environment-variable- An environment to be set for the execution    -->
+  <!--                        environment of the CGI script. The name of    -->
+  <!--                        variable is taken from the parameter name.    -->
+  <!--                        To configure an environment variable named    -->
+  <!--                        FOO, configure a parameter named              -->
+  <!--                        environment-variable-FOO. The parameter value -->
+  <!--                        is used as the environment variable value.    -->
+  <!--                        The default is no environment variables.      -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   parameterEncoding    Name of parameter encoding to be used with    -->
+  <!--                        CGI servlet.                                  -->
+  <!--                        [System.getProperty("file.encoding","UTF-8")] -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   passShellEnvironment Should the shell environment variables (if    -->
+  <!--                        any) be passed to the CGI script? [false]     -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   stderrTimeout        The time (in milliseconds) to wait for the    -->
+  <!--                        reading of stderr to complete before          -->
+  <!--                        terminating the CGI process. [2000]           -->
+
+<!--
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>cgi</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.CGIServlet</servlet-class>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>cgiPathPrefix</param-name>
+          <param-value>WEB-INF/cgi</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <load-on-startup>5</load-on-startup>
+    </servlet>
+-->
+
+
+  <!-- ================ Built In Servlet Mappings ========================= -->
+
+
+  <!-- The servlet mappings for the built in servlets defined above.  Note  -->
+  <!-- that, by default, the CGI and SSI servlets are *not* mapped.  You    -->
+  <!-- must uncomment these mappings (or add them to your application's own -->
+  <!-- web.xml deployment descriptor) to enable these services              -->
+
+    <!-- The mapping for the default servlet -->
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+    <!-- The mappings for the JSP servlet -->
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
+        <url-pattern>*.jspx</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+    <!-- The mapping for the SSI servlet -->
+<!--
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>ssi</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+-->
+
+    <!-- The mapping for the CGI Gateway servlet -->
+
+<!--
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>cgi</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/cgi-bin/*</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+-->
+
+
+  <!-- ================== Built In Filter Definitions ===================== -->
+
+  <!-- A filter that sets various security related HTTP Response headers.   -->
+  <!-- This filter supports the following initialization parameters         -->
+  <!-- (default values are in square brackets):                             -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   hstsEnabled         Should the HTTP Strict Transport Security      -->
+  <!--                       (HSTS) header be added to the response? See    -->
+  <!--                       RFC 6797 for more information on HSTS. [true]  -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   hstsMaxAgeSeconds   The max age value that should be used in the   -->
+  <!--                       HSTS header. Negative values will be treated   -->
+  <!--                       as zero. [0]                                   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   hstsIncludeSubDomains                                              -->
+  <!--                       Should the includeSubDomains parameter be      -->
+  <!--                       included in the HSTS header.                   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   antiClickJackingEnabled                                            -->
+  <!--                       Should the anti click-jacking header           -->
+  <!--                       X-Frame-Options be added to every response?    -->
+  <!--                       [true]                                         -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   antiClickJackingOption                                             -->
+  <!--                       What value should be used for the header. Must -->
+  <!--                       be one of DENY, SAMEORIGIN, ALLOW-FROM         -->
+  <!--                       (case-insensitive). [DENY]                     -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   antiClickJackingUri IF ALLOW-FROM is used, what URI should be      -->
+  <!--                       allowed? []                                    -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   blockContentTypeSniffingEnabled                                    -->
+  <!--                       Should the header that blocks content type     -->
+  <!--                       sniffing be added to every response? [true]    -->
+<!--
+    <filter>
+        <filter-name>httpHeaderSecurity</filter-name>
+        <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.HttpHeaderSecurityFilter</filter-class>
+        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </filter>
+-->
+
+  <!-- A filter that sets character encoding that is used to decode -->
+  <!-- parameters in a POST request -->
+<!--
+    <filter>
+        <filter-name>setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
+        <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
+            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </filter>
+-->
+
+  <!-- A filter that triggers request parameters parsing and rejects the    -->
+  <!-- request if some parameters were skipped because of parsing errors or -->
+  <!-- request size limitations.                                            -->
+<!--
+    <filter>
+        <filter-name>failedRequestFilter</filter-name>
+        <filter-class>
+          org.apache.catalina.filters.FailedRequestFilter
+        </filter-class>
+        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </filter>
+-->
+
+
+  <!-- NOTE: An SSI Servlet is also available as an alternative SSI         -->
+  <!-- implementation. Use either the Servlet or the Filter but NOT both.   -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!-- Server Side Includes processing filter, which processes SSI          -->
+  <!-- directives in HTML pages consistent with similar support in web      -->
+  <!-- servers like Apache.  Traditionally, this filter is mapped to the    -->
+  <!-- URL pattern "*.shtml", though it can be mapped to "*" as it will     -->
+  <!-- selectively enable/disable SSI processing based on mime types. For   -->
+  <!-- this to work you will need to uncomment the .shtml mime type         -->
+  <!-- definition towards the bottom of this file.                          -->
+  <!-- The contentType init param allows you to apply SSI processing to JSP -->
+  <!-- pages, JavaScript, or any other content you wish.  This filter       -->
+  <!-- supports the following initialization parameters (default values are -->
+  <!-- in square brackets):                                                 -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   contentType         A regex pattern that must be matched before    -->
+  <!--                       SSI processing is applied.                     -->
+  <!--                       [text/x-server-parsed-html(;.*)?]              -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   debug               Debugging detail level for messages logged     -->
+  <!--                       by this servlet.  [0]                          -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   expires             The number of seconds before a page with SSI   -->
+  <!--                       directives will expire.  [No default]          -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   isVirtualWebappRelative                                            -->
+  <!--                       Should "virtual" paths be interpreted as       -->
+  <!--                       relative to the context root, instead of       -->
+  <!--                       the server root? [false]                       -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!--   allowExec           Is use of the exec command enabled? [false]    -->
+
+<!--
+    <filter>
+        <filter-name>ssi</filter-name>
+        <filter-class>
+          org.apache.catalina.ssi.SSIFilter
+        </filter-class>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>contentType</param-name>
+          <param-value>text/x-server-parsed-html(;.*)?</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>debug</param-name>
+          <param-value>0</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>expires</param-name>
+          <param-value>666</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>isVirtualWebappRelative</param-name>
+          <param-value>false</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+    </filter>
+-->
+
+
+  <!-- ==================== Built In Filter Mappings ====================== -->
+
+  <!-- The mapping for the HTTP header security Filter -->
+<!--
+    <filter-mapping>
+        <filter-name>httpHeaderSecurity</filter-name>
+        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
+        <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
+    </filter-mapping>
+-->
+
+  <!-- The mapping for the Set Character Encoding Filter -->
+<!--
+    <filter-mapping>
+        <filter-name>setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
+        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
+    </filter-mapping>
+-->
+
+  <!-- The mapping for the Failed Request Filter -->
+<!--
+    <filter-mapping>
+        <filter-name>failedRequestFilter</filter-name>
+        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
+    </filter-mapping>
+-->
+
+  <!-- The mapping for the SSI Filter -->
+<!--
+    <filter-mapping>
+        <filter-name>ssi</filter-name>
+        <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
+    </filter-mapping>
+-->
+
+
+  <!-- ==================== Default Session Configuration ================= -->
+  <!-- You can set the default session timeout (in minutes) for all newly   -->
+  <!-- created sessions by modifying the value below.                       -->
+
+    <session-config>
+        <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
+    </session-config>
+
+
+  <!-- ===================== Default MIME Type Mappings =================== -->
+  <!-- When serving static resources, Tomcat will automatically generate    -->
+  <!-- a "Content-Type" header based on the resource's filename extension,  -->
+  <!-- based on these mappings.  Additional mappings can be added here (to  -->
+  <!-- apply to all web applications), or in your own application's web.xml -->
+  <!-- deployment descriptor.                                               -->
+  <!-- Note: Extensions are always matched in a case-insensitive manner.    -->
+
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>123</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>3dml</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.in3d.3dml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>3ds</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-3ds</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>3g2</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/3gpp2</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>3gp</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/3gpp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>7z</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-7z-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aab</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-authorware-bin</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aac</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-aac</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aam</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-authorware-map</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aas</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-authorware-seg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>abs</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>abw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-abiword</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ac</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkix-attr-cert</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>acc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.americandynamics.acc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ace</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-ace-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>acu</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.acucobol</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>acutc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.acucorp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>adp</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/adpcm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aep</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.audiograph</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>afm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-type1</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>afp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ibm.modcap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ahead</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ahead.space</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ai</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aif</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aifc</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aiff</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aim</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-aim</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>air</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ait</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dvb.ait</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ami</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.amiga.ami</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>anx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/annodex</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>apk</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.android.package-archive</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>appcache</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/cache-manifest</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>application</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-ms-application</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>apr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.lotus-approach</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>arc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-freearc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>art</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-jg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>asc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pgp-signature</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>asf</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-ms-asf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>asm</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-asm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aso</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.accpac.simply.aso</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>asx</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-ms-asf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>atc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.acucorp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>atom</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/atom+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>atomcat</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/atomcat+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>atomsvc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/atomsvc+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>atx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.antix.game-component</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>au</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>avi</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-msvideo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>avx</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-rad-screenplay</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>aw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/applixware</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>axa</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/annodex</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>axv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/annodex</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>azf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>azs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azs</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>azw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.amazon.ebook</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bat</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msdownload</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bcpio</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-bcpio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-bdf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bdm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.syncml.dm+wbxml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bed</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.realvnc.bed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bh2</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fujitsu.oasysprs</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bin</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>blb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-blorb</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>blorb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-blorb</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bmi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.bmi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bmp</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/bmp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>body</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>book</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.framemaker</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>box</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.previewsystems.box</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>boz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-bzip2</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bpk</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>btif</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/prs.btif</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-bzip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>bz2</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-bzip2</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>c</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-c</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>c11amc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.cluetrust.cartomobile-config</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>c11amz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.cluetrust.cartomobile-config-pkg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>c4d</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.clonk.c4group</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>c4f</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.clonk.c4group</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>c4g</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.clonk.c4group</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>c4p</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.clonk.c4group</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>c4u</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.clonk.c4group</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cab</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>caf</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-caf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cap</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>car</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.curl.car</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cat</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cb7</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cbr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cba</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cbr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cbr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cbr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cbt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cbr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cbz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cbr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cc</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-c</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cct</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ccxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/ccxml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdbcmsg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.contact.cmsg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cdf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdkey</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mediastation.cdkey</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdmia</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/cdmi-capability</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdmic</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/cdmi-container</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdmid</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/cdmi-domain</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdmio</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/cdmi-object</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdmiq</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/cdmi-queue</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdx</extension>
+        <mime-type>chemical/x-cdx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.chemdraw+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cdy</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.cinderella</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cer</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkix-cert</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cfs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cfs-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cgm</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/cgm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>chat</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-chat</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>chm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-htmlhelp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>chrt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kchart</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cif</extension>
+        <mime-type>chemical/x-cif</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cii</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.anser-web-certificate-issue-initiation</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cil</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-artgalry</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cla</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.claymore</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>class</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/java</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>clkk</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.crick.clicker.keyboard</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>clkp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.crick.clicker.palette</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>clkt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.crick.clicker.template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>clkw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.crick.clicker.wordbank</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>clkx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.crick.clicker</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>clp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msclip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cmc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.cosmocaller</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cmdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>chemical/x-cmdf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cml</extension>
+        <mime-type>chemical/x-cml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cmp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.yellowriver-custom-menu</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cmx</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-cmx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cod</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.rim.cod</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>com</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msdownload</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>conf</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cpio</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cpio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cpp</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-c</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cpt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mac-compactpro</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>crd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-mscardfile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>crl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkix-crl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>crt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-x509-ca-cert</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cryptonote</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.rig.cryptonote</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>csh</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-csh</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>csml</extension>
+        <mime-type>chemical/x-csml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>csp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.commonspace</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>css</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/css</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cst</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>csv</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/csv</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cu</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/cu-seeme</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>curl</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.curl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cww</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/prs.cww</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cxt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>cxx</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-c</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dae</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/vnd.collada+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>daf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mobius.daf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dart</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dart</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dataless</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fdsn.seed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>davmount</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/davmount+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dbk</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/docbook+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dcr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dcurl</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.curl.dcurl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dd2</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oma.dd2+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ddd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fujixerox.ddd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>deb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-debian-package</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>def</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>deploy</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>der</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-x509-ca-cert</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dfac</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dreamfactory</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dgc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-dgc-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dib</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/bmp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dic</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-c</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dir</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dis</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mobius.dis</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dist</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>distz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>djv</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.djvu</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>djvu</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.djvu</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dll</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msdownload</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dmg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-apple-diskimage</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dmp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dms</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dna</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dna</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>doc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/msword</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>docm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>docx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dot</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/msword</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dotm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dotx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.osgi.dp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dpg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dpgraph</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dra</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.dra</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dsc</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/prs.lines.tag</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dssc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/dssc+der</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dtb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-dtbook+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dtd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xml-dtd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dts</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.dts</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dtshd</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.dts.hd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dump</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-dv</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dvb</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dvb.file</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dvi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-dvi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dwf</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/vnd.dwf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dwg</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.dwg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dxf</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.dxf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dxp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.spotfire.dxp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>dxr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ecelp4800</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.nuera.ecelp4800</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ecelp7470</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.nuera.ecelp7470</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ecelp9600</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.nuera.ecelp9600</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ecma</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/ecmascript</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>edm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.novadigm.edm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>edx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.novadigm.edx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>efif</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.picsel</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ei6</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.pg.osasli</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>elc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>emf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msmetafile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>eml</extension>
+        <mime-type>message/rfc822</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>emma</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/emma+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>emz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msmetafile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>eol</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.digital-winds</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>eot</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-fontobject</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>eps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>epub</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/epub+zip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>es3</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.eszigno3+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>esa</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.osgi.subsystem</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>esf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.epson.esf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>et3</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.eszigno3+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>etx</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-setext</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>eva</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-eva</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>evy</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-envoy</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>exe</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>exi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/exi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ext</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.novadigm.ext</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ez</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/andrew-inset</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ez2</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ezpix-album</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ez3</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ezpix-package</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>f</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-fortran</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>f4v</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-f4v</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>f77</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-fortran</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>f90</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-fortran</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fbs</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.fastbidsheet</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fcdt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.adobe.formscentral.fcdt</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fcs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.isac.fcs</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fdf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fe_launch</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.denovo.fcselayout-link</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fg5</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fujitsu.oasysgp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fgd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fh</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-freehand</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fh4</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-freehand</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fh5</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-freehand</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fh7</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-freehand</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fhc</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-freehand</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fig</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-xfig</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>flac</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/flac</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fli</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-fli</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>flo</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.micrografx.flo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>flv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-flv</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>flw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kivio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>flx</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.fmi.flexstor</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fly</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.fly</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.framemaker</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fnc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.frogans.fnc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>for</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-fortran</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fpx</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.fpx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>frame</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.framemaker</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fsc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fsc.weblaunch</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fst</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.fst</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ftc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fluxtime.clip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fti</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.anser-web-funds-transfer-initiation</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fvt</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.fvt</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fxp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.adobe.fxp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fxpl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.adobe.fxp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>fzs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fuzzysheet</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>g2w</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.geoplan</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>g3</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/g3fax</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>g3w</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.geospace</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gac</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.groove-account</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gam</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-tads</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gbr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/rpki-ghostbusters</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gca</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-gca-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gdl</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/vnd.gdl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>geo</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dynageo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gex</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.geometry-explorer</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ggb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.geogebra.file</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ggt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.geogebra.tool</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ghf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.groove-help</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gif</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/gif</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gim</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.groove-identity-message</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/gml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gmx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.gmx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gnumeric</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-gnumeric</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gph</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.flographit</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gpx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/gpx+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gqf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.grafeq</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gqs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.grafeq</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gram</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/srgs</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gramps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-gramps-xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gre</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.geometry-explorer</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>grv</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.groove-injector</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>grxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/srgs+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gsf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-ghostscript</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gtar</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-gtar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gtm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.groove-tool-message</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gtw</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/vnd.gtw</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gv</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.graphviz</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gxf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/gxf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gxt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.geonext</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>gz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-gzip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>h</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-c</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>h261</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/h261</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>h263</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/h263</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>h264</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/h264</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hal</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hal+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hbci</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hbci</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-hdf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hh</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-c</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hlp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/winhlp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hpgl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hp-hpgl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hpid</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hp-hpid</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hp-hps</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hqx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mac-binhex40</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>htc</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-component</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>htke</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kenameaapp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>htm</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>html</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hvd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.yamaha.hv-dic</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hvp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.yamaha.hv-voice</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>hvs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.yamaha.hv-script</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>i2g</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.intergeo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>icc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.iccprofile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ice</extension>
+        <mime-type>x-conference/x-cooltalk</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>icm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.iccprofile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ico</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-icon</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ics</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/calendar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ief</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/ief</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ifb</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/calendar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ifm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.shana.informed.formdata</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>iges</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/iges</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>igl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.igloader</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>igm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.insors.igm</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>igs</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/iges</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>igx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.micrografx.igx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>iif</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.shana.informed.interchange</mime-type>
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+        <extension>imp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.accpac.simply.imp</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ims</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-ims</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>in</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ink</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/inkml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>inkml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/inkml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>install</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-install-instructions</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>iota</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.astraea-software.iota</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ipfix</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/ipfix</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ipk</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.shana.informed.package</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>irm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ibm.rights-management</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>irp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.irepository.package+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>iso</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-iso9660-image</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>itp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.shana.informed.formtemplate</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ivp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.immervision-ivp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ivu</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.immervision-ivu</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jad</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jam</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.jam</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jar</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/java-archive</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>java</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-java-source</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jisp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.jisp</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jlt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hp-jlyt</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jnlp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-java-jnlp-file</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>joda</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.joost.joda-archive</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jpe</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jpeg</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jpg</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jpgm</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/jpm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jpgv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/jpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jpm</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/jpm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>js</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/javascript</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jsf</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>json</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/json</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jsonml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/jsonml+json</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>jspf</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kar</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/midi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>karbon</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.karbon</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kfo</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kformula</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kia</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kidspiration</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kmz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.google-earth.kmz</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kne</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kinar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>knp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kinar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kon</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kontour</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kpr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kpresenter</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kpt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kpresenter</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kpxx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ds-keypoint</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ksp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kspread</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ktr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kahootz</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ktx</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/ktx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ktz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kahootz</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kwd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kword</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>kwt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kde.kword</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lasxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.las.las+xml</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>latex</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-latex</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lbd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.llamagraphics.life-balance.desktop</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lbe</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.llamagraphics.life-balance.exchange+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>les</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hhe.lesson-player</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lha</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-lzh-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>link66</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.route66.link66+xml</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>list</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
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+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>list3820</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ibm.modcap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>listafp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ibm.modcap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lnk</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-ms-shortcut</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>log</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lostxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/lost+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lrf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lrm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-lrm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ltf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.frogans.ltf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lvp</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.lucent.voice</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lwp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.lotus-wordpro</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>lzh</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-lzh-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m13</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msmediaview</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m14</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msmediaview</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m1v</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m21</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mp21</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m2a</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m2v</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m3a</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m3u</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-mpegurl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m3u8</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.apple.mpegurl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m4a</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m4b</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m4r</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m4u</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.mpegurl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>m4v</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ma</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mathematica</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mac</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-macpaint</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mads</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mads+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mag</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ecowin.chart</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>maker</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.framemaker</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>man</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/troff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mar</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mathml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mathml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mathematica</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mbk</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mobius.mbk</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mbox</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mbox</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mc1</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.medcalcdata</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mcd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mcd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mcurl</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.curl.mcurl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mdb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msaccess</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mdi</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.ms-modi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>me</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/troff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mesh</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/mesh</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>meta4</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/metalink4+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>metalink</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/metalink+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mets</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mets+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mfm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mfmp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mft</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/rpki-manifest</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mgp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.osgeo.mapguide.package</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mgz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.proteus.magazine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mid</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/midi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>midi</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/midi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mie</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-mie</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mif</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-mif</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mime</extension>
+        <mime-type>message/rfc822</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mj2</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mj2</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mjp2</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mj2</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mk3d</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-matroska</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mka</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-matroska</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mks</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-matroska</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mkv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-matroska</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mlp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dolby.mlp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mmd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.chipnuts.karaoke-mmd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mmf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.smaf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mmr</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.fujixerox.edmics-mmr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mng</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-mng</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mny</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msmoney</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mobi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-mobipocket-ebook</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mods</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mods+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mov</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/quicktime</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>movie</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-sgi-movie</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp1</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp2</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp21</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mp21</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp2a</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp3</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp4</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp4a</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp4s</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mp4v</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpa</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mophun.certificate</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpe</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpeg</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpega</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpg</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpg4</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpga</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/mpeg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpkg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.apple.installer+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.blueice.multipass</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpn</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mophun.application</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-project</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-project</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpv2</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/mpeg2</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mpy</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ibm.minipay</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mqy</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mobius.mqy</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mrc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/marc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mrcx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/marcxml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ms</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/troff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mscml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mediaservercontrol+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mseed</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fdsn.mseed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mseq</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mseq</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>msf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.epson.msf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>msh</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/mesh</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>msi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msdownload</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>msl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mobius.msl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>msty</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.muvee.style</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mts</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/vnd.mts</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mus</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.musician</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>musicxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mvb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msmediaview</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mwf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mfer</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mxf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mxf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mxl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.recordare.musicxml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xv+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mxs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.triscape.mxs</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>mxu</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.mpegurl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>n-gage</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.nokia.n-gage.symbian.install</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>n3</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/n3</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/mathematica</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nbp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.wolfram.player</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-netcdf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ncx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-dtbncx+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nfo</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-nfo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ngdat</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.nokia.n-gage.data</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nitf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.nitf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nlu</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.neurolanguage.nlu</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.enliven</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nnd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.noblenet-directory</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nns</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.noblenet-sealer</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nnw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.noblenet-web</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>npx</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.net-fpx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nsc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-conference</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nsf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.lotus-notes</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ntf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.nitf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>nzb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-nzb</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oa2</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys2</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oa3</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys3</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oas</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>obd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msbinder</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>obj</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-tgif</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oda</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/oda</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Database -->
+        <extension>odb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Chart -->
+        <extension>odc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Formula -->
+        <extension>odf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>odft</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula-template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Drawing -->
+        <extension>odg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Image -->
+        <extension>odi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Master Document -->
+        <extension>odm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Presentation -->
+        <extension>odp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Spreadsheet -->
+        <extension>ods</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Text -->
+        <extension>odt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oga</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/ogg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ogg</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/ogg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ogv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/ogg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- xiph mime types -->
+        <extension>ogx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/ogg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>omdoc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/omdoc+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>onepkg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/onenote</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>onetmp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/onenote</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>onetoc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/onenote</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>onetoc2</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/onenote</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>opf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/oebps-package+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>opml</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-opml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oprc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.palm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>org</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.lotus-organizer</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>osf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.yamaha.openscoreformat</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>osfpvg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.yamaha.openscoreformat.osfpvg+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>otc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart-template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>otf</extension>
+        <mime-type>font/otf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Drawing Template -->
+        <extension>otg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- HTML Document Template -->
+        <extension>oth</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oti</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image-template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Presentation Template -->
+        <extension>otp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Spreadsheet Template -->
+        <extension>ots</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- OpenDocument Text Template -->
+        <extension>ott</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oxps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/oxps</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>oxt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openofficeorg.extension</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-pascal</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p10</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkcs10</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p12</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-pkcs12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p7b</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-pkcs7-certificates</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p7c</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkcs7-mime</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p7m</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkcs7-mime</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p7r</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p7s</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkcs7-signature</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>p8</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkcs8</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pas</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-pascal</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>paw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.pawaafile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pbd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.powerbuilder6</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pbm</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-portable-bitmap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pcap</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pcf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-pcf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pcl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hp-pcl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pclxl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hp-pclxl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pct</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pcurl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.curl.pcurl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pcx</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-pcx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pdb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.palm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pdf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pfa</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-type1</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pfb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-type1</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pfm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-type1</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pfr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/font-tdpfr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pfx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-pkcs12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pgm</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-portable-graymap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pgn</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-chess-pgn</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pgp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pgp-encrypted</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pic</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pict</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pkg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pki</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkixcmp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pkipath</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pkix-pkipath</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>plb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-large</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>plc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mobius.plc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>plf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.pocketlearn</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pls</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-scpls</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ctc-posml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>png</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/png</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pnm</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-portable-anymap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pnt</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-macpaint</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>portpkg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.macports.portpkg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pot</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>potm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>potx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ppam</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ppd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.cups-ppd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ppm</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-portable-pixmap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ppsm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ppsx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ppt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pptm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pptx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pqa</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.palm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>prc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-mobipocket-ebook</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pre</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.lotus-freelance</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>prf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pics-rules</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>psb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-small</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>psd</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.adobe.photoshop</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>psf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-linux-psf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pskcxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pskc+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ptid</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.pvi.ptid1</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pub</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-mspublisher</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pvb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-var</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pwn</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.3m.post-it-notes</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pya</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.ms-playready.media.pya</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>pyv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.ms-playready.media.pyv</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qam</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.epson.quickanime</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qbo</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.intu.qbo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qfx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.intu.qfx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.publishare-delta-tree</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qt</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/quicktime</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qti</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-quicktime</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qtif</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-quicktime</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qwd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qwt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qxb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qxd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qxl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>qxt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ra</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-pn-realaudio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ram</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-pn-realaudio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rar</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-rar-compressed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ras</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-cmu-raster</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rcprofile</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ipunplugged.rcprofile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/rdf+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rdz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.data-vision.rdz</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rep</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.businessobjects</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>res</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-dtbresource+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rgb</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-rgb</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rif</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/reginfo+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rip</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.rip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ris</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-research-info-systems</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/resource-lists+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rlc</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.fujixerox.edmics-rlc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rld</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/resource-lists-diff+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.rn-realmedia</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rmi</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/midi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rmp</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rms</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.jcp.javame.midlet-rms</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rmvb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.rn-realmedia-vbr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rnc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/relax-ng-compact-syntax</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>roa</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/rpki-roa</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>roff</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/troff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rp9</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.cloanto.rp9</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rpss</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.nokia.radio-presets</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rpst</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.nokia.radio-preset</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rq</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/sparql-query</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/rls-services+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rsd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/rsd+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rss</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/rss+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rtf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/rtf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>rtx</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/richtext</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>s</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-asm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>s3m</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/s3m</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>saf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.yamaha.smaf-audio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sbml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/sbml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ibm.secure-container</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>scd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msschedule</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>scm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.lotus-screencam</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>scq</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/scvp-cv-request</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>scs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/scvp-cv-response</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>scurl</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.curl.scurl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sda</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stardivision.draw</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sdc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stardivision.calc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sdd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stardivision.impress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sdkd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.solent.sdkm+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sdkm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.solent.sdkm+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sdp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/sdp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sdw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stardivision.writer</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>see</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.seemail</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>seed</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fdsn.seed</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sema</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sema</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>semd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.semd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>semf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.semf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ser</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/java-serialized-object</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>setpay</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/set-payment-initiation</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>setreg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/set-registration-initiation</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sfd-hdstx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.hydrostatix.sof-data</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sfs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.spotfire.sfs</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sfv</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-sfv</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sgi</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/sgi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sgl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stardivision.writer-global</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sgm</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/sgml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sgml</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/sgml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sh</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-sh</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>shar</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-shar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>shf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/shf+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <!--
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>shtml</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-server-parsed-html</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    -->
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sid</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-mrsid-image</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sig</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/pgp-signature</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sil</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/silk</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>silo</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/mesh</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sis</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.symbian.install</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sisx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.symbian.install</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sit</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-stuffit</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sitx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-stuffitx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>skd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.koan</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>skm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.koan</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>skp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.koan</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>skt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.koan</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sldm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sldx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>slt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.epson.salt</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stepmania.stepchart</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>smf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stardivision.math</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>smi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/smil+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>smil</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/smil+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>smv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-smv</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>smzip</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stepmania.package</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>snd</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>snf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-font-snf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>so</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>spc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-pkcs7-certificates</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>spf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.yamaha.smaf-phrase</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>spl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-futuresplash</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>spot</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.in3d.spot</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>spp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/scvp-vp-response</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>spq</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/scvp-vp-request</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>spx</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/ogg</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sql</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-sql</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>src</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-wais-source</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>srt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-subrip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sru</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/sru+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>srx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/sparql-results+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ssdl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/ssdl+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sse</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.kodak-descriptor</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ssf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.epson.ssf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ssml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/ssml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>st</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sailingtracker.track</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>stc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>std</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>stf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.wt.stf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sti</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>stk</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/hyperstudio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>stl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-pki.stl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>str</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.pg.format</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>stw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sub</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.dvb.subtitle</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sus</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sus-calendar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>susp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sus-calendar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sv4cpio</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-sv4cpio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sv4crc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-sv4crc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>svc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dvb.service</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>svd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.svd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>svg</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/svg+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>svgz</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/svg+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>swa</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>swf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-shockwave-flash</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>swi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.aristanetworks.swi</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sxc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.calc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sxd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.draw</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sxg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sxi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.impress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sxm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.math</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>sxw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.sun.xml.writer</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>t</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/troff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>t3</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-t3vm-image</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>taglet</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mynfc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tao</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.tao.intent-module-archive</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tar</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-tar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tcap</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.3gpp2.tcap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tcl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-tcl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>teacher</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.smart.teacher</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tei</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/tei+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>teicorpus</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/tei+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tex</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-tex</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>texi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-texinfo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>texinfo</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-texinfo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>text</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tfi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/thraud+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tfm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-tex-tfm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tga</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-tga</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>thmx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-officetheme</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tif</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/tiff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tiff</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/tiff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tmo</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.tmobile-livetv</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>torrent</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-bittorrent</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tpl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.groove-tool-template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tpt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.trid.tpt</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tr</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/troff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tra</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.trueapp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>trm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msterminal</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tsd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/timestamped-data</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>tsv</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/tab-separated-values</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ttc</extension>
+        <mime-type>font/collection</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ttf</extension>
+        <mime-type>font/ttf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ttl</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/turtle</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>twd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.simtech-mindmapper</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>twds</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.simtech-mindmapper</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>txd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.genomatix.tuxedo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>txf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mobius.txf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>txt</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>u32</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-authorware-bin</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>udeb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-debian-package</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ufd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ufdl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ufdl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ufdl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ulw</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ulx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-glulx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>umj</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.umajin</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>unityweb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.unity</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uoml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.uoml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uri</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/uri-list</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uris</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/uri-list</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>urls</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/uri-list</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>ustar</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-ustar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>utz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.uiq.theme</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uu</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-uuencode</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uva</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.dece.audio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.data</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.data</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvg</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.dece.graphic</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvh</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.hd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvi</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.dece.graphic</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvm</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.mobile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvp</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.pd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvs</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.sd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.ttml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvu</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.uvvu.mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.video</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvva</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/vnd.dece.audio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.data</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.data</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvg</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.dece.graphic</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvh</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.hd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvi</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.dece.graphic</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvm</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.mobile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvp</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.pd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvs</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.sd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.ttml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvu</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.uvvu.mp4</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.dece.video</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.unspecified</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvvz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.zip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.unspecified</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>uvz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.dece.zip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vcard</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vcard</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vcd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-cdlink</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vcf</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-vcard</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vcg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.groove-vcard</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vcs</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/x-vcalendar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vcx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.vcx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vis</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.visionary</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>viv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/vnd.vivo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vob</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-ms-vob</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vor</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.stardivision.writer</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vox</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-authorware-bin</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vrml</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/vrml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vsd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.visio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vsf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.vsf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vss</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.visio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vst</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.visio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vsw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.visio</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vtu</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/vnd.vtu</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>vxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/voicexml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>w3d</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-director</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wad</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-doom</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wasm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/wasm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wav</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-wav</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wax</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-ms-wax</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- Wireless Bitmap -->
+        <extension>wbmp</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.wap.wbmp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wbs</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.criticaltools.wbs+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wbxml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.wap.wbxml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wcm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-works</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wdb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-works</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wdp</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.ms-photo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>weba</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/webm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>webm</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/webm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>webp</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/webp</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wg</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.pmi.widget</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wgt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/widget</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wks</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-works</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wm</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-ms-wm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wma</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/x-ms-wma</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wmd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-ms-wmd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wmf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msmetafile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- WML Source -->
+        <extension>wml</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.wap.wml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- Compiled WML -->
+        <extension>wmlc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.wap.wmlc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- WML Script Source -->
+        <extension>wmls</extension>
+        <mime-type>text/vnd.wap.wmlscript</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <!-- Compiled WML Script -->
+        <extension>wmlsc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wmv</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-ms-wmv</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wmx</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-ms-wmx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wmz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-msmetafile</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>woff</extension>
+        <mime-type>font/woff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>woff2</extension>
+        <mime-type>font/woff2</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wpd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.wordperfect</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wpl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-wpl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-works</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wqd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.wqd</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wri</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-mswrite</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wrl</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/vrml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wsdl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/wsdl+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wspolicy</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/wspolicy+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wtb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.webturbo</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>wvx</extension>
+        <mime-type>video/x-ms-wvx</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>x32</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-authorware-bin</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>x3d</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/x3d+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>x3db</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/x3d+binary</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>x3dbz</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/x3d+binary</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>x3dv</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/x3d+vrml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>x3dvz</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/x3d+vrml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>x3dz</extension>
+        <mime-type>model/x3d+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xaml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xaml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xap</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-silverlight-app</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xar</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.xara</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xbap</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-ms-xbap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xbd</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks.binder</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xbm</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-xbitmap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xcap-diff+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xdm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.syncml.dm+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xdp</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.adobe.xdp+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xdssc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/dssc+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xdw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xenc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xenc+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xer</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/patch-ops-error+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xfdf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.adobe.xfdf</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xfdl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.xfdl</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xht</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xhtml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xhtml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xhtml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xhvml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xv+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xif</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/vnd.xiff</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xla</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlam</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlc</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-xliff+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xls</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlsb</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlsm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlsx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xltm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroenabled.12</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xltx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xlw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xm</extension>
+        <mime-type>audio/xm</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xo</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.olpc-sugar</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xop</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xop+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xpi</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-xpinstall</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xpl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xproc+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xpm</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-xpixmap</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xpr</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.is-xpr</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xps</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xpw</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.intercon.formnet</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xpx</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.intercon.formnet</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xsl</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xslt</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xslt+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xsm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.syncml+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xspf</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xspf+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xul</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xvm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xv+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xvml</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/xv+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xwd</extension>
+        <mime-type>image/x-xwindowdump</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xyz</extension>
+        <mime-type>chemical/x-xyz</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>xz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-xz</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>yang</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/yang</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>yin</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/yin+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-compress</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z1</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-zmachine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z2</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-zmachine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z3</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-zmachine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z4</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-zmachine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z5</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-zmachine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z6</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-zmachine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z7</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-zmachine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>z8</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/x-zmachine</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>zaz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.zzazz.deck+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>zip</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/zip</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>zir</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.zul</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>zirz</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.zul</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+    <mime-mapping>
+        <extension>zmm</extension>
+        <mime-type>application/vnd.handheld-entertainment+xml</mime-type>
+    </mime-mapping>
+
+  <!-- ==================== Default Welcome File List ===================== -->
+  <!-- When a request URI refers to a directory, the default servlet looks  -->
+  <!-- for a "welcome file" within that directory and, if present, to the   -->
+  <!-- corresponding resource URI for display.                              -->
+  <!-- If no welcome files are present, the default servlet either serves a -->
+  <!-- directory listing (see default servlet configuration on how to       -->
+  <!-- customize) or returns a 404 status, depending on the value of the    -->
+  <!-- listings setting.                                                    -->
+  <!--                                                                      -->
+  <!-- If you define welcome files in your own application's web.xml        -->
+  <!-- deployment descriptor, that list *replaces* the list configured      -->
+  <!-- here, so be sure to include any of the default values that you wish  -->
+  <!-- to use within your application.                                       -->
+
+    <welcome-file-list>
+        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
+        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
+        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
+    </welcome-file-list>
+
+</web-app>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/annotations-api.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/annotations-api.jar
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index 0000000..0720d3e
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-ant.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-ant.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d1d841
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-ha.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-ha.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92eb4b0
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-ssi.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-ssi.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a56a22
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-storeconfig.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-storeconfig.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..160fad6
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-tribes.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/lib/catalina-tribes.jar
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/RELEASE-NOTES.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/RELEASE-NOTES.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30a9a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/RELEASE-NOTES.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+================================================================================
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+================================================================================
+
+
+                     Apache Tomcat Version 9.0.75
+                            Release Notes
+
+
+=========
+CONTENTS:
+=========
+
+* Dependency Changes
+* API Stability
+* Bundled APIs
+* Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries
+* Security manager URLs
+* Symlinking static resources
+* Viewing the Tomcat Change Log
+* Cryptographic software notice
+* When all else fails
+
+
+===================
+Dependency Changes:
+===================
+Tomcat 9.0 is designed to run on Java 8 and later.
+
+
+==============
+API Stability:
+==============
+
+The public interfaces for the following classes are fixed and will not be
+changed at all during the remaining lifetime of the 9.x series:
+- All classes in the javax namespace
+
+The public interfaces for the following classes may be added to in order to
+resolve bugs and/or add new features. No existing interface method will be
+removed or changed although it may be deprecated.
+- org.apache.catalina.* (excluding sub-packages)
+
+Note: As Tomcat 9 matures, the above list will be added to. The list is not
+      considered complete at this time.
+
+The remaining classes are considered part of the Tomcat internals and may change
+without notice between point releases.
+
+
+=============
+Bundled APIs:
+=============
+A standard installation of Tomcat 9.0 makes all of the following APIs available
+for use by web applications (by placing them in "lib"):
+* annotations-api.jar (Annotations package)
+* catalina.jar (Tomcat Catalina implementation)
+* catalina-ant.jar (Tomcat Catalina Ant tasks)
+* catalina-ha.jar (High availability package)
+* catalina-ssi.jar (Server-side Includes module)
+* catalina-storeconfig.jar (Generation of XML configuration from current state)
+* catalina-tribes.jar (Group communication)
+* ecj-4.20.jar (Eclipse JDT Java compiler)
+* el-api.jar (EL 3.0 API)
+* jasper.jar (Jasper 2 Compiler and Runtime)
+* jasper-el.jar (Jasper 2 EL implementation)
+* jsp-api.jar (JSP 2.3 API)
+* servlet-api.jar (Servlet 4.0 API)
+* tomcat-api.jar (Interfaces shared by Catalina and Jasper)
+* tomcat-coyote.jar (Tomcat connectors and utility classes)
+* tomcat-dbcp.jar (package renamed database connection pool based on Commons DBCP 2)
+* tomcat-jdbc.jar (Tomcat's database connection pooling solution)
+* tomcat-jni.jar (Interface to the native component of the APR/native connector)
+* tomcat-util.jar (Various utilities)
+* tomcat-websocket.jar (WebSocket 1.1 implementation)
+* websocket-api.jar (WebSocket 1.1 API)
+
+You can make additional APIs available to all of your web applications by
+putting unpacked classes into a "classes" directory (not created by default),
+or by placing them in JAR files in the "lib" directory.
+
+To override the XML parser implementation or interfaces, use the appropriate
+feature for your JVM. For Java <= 8 use the endorsed standards override
+feature. The default configuration defines JARs located in "endorsed" as endorsed.
+For Java 9+ use the upgradeable modules feature.
+
+
+================================================================
+Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries:
+================================================================
+Some shared libraries (many are part of the JDK) keep references to objects
+instantiated by the web application. To avoid class loading related problems
+(ClassCastExceptions, messages indicating that the classloader
+is stopped, etc.), the shared libraries state should be reinitialized.
+
+Something which might help is to avoid putting classes which would be
+referenced by a shared static field in the web application classloader,
+and putting them in the shared classloader instead (JARs should be put in the
+"lib" folder, and classes should be put in the "classes" folder).
+
+
+======================
+Security manager URLs:
+======================
+In order to grant security permissions to JARs located inside the
+web application repository, use URLs of the following format
+in your policy file:
+
+file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar
+
+
+============================
+Symlinking static resources:
+============================
+By default, Unix symlinks will not work when used in a web application to link
+resources located outside the web application root directory.
+
+This behavior is optional, and the "allowLinking" flag may be used to deactivate
+the check.
+
+
+==============================
+Viewing the Tomcat Change Log:
+==============================
+The full change log is available from https://tomcat.apache.org and is also
+included in the documentation web application.
+
+
+=============================
+Cryptographic software notice
+=============================
+This distribution includes cryptographic software.  The country in
+which you currently reside may have restrictions on the import,
+possession, use, and/or re-export to another country, of
+encryption software.  BEFORE using any encryption software, please
+check your country's laws, regulations and policies concerning the
+import, possession, or use, and re-export of encryption software, to
+see if this is permitted.  See <http://www.wassenaar.org/> for more
+information.
+
+The U.S. Government Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and
+Security (BIS), has classified this software as Export Commodity
+Control Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.1, which includes information security
+software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric
+algorithms.  The form and manner of this Apache Software Foundation
+distribution makes it eligible for export under the License Exception
+ENC Technology Software Unrestricted (TSU) exception (see the BIS
+Export Administration Regulations, Section 740.13) for both object
+code and source code.
+
+The following provides more details on the included cryptographic
+software:
+  - Tomcat includes code designed to work with JSSE
+  - Tomcat includes code designed to work with OpenSSL
+
+
+====================
+When all else fails:
+====================
+See the FAQ
+https://tomcat.apache.org/faq/
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d94a86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
+                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
+  version="4.0"
+  metadata-complete="true">
+
+  <display-name>Welcome to Tomcat</display-name>
+  <description>
+     Welcome to Tomcat
+  </description>
+
+</web-app>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/asf-logo-wide.svg b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/asf-logo-wide.svg
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index 0000000..5743c42
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+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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+-->
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/bg-button.png b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/bg-button.png
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/bg-nav.png b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/bg-nav.png
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/bg-upper.png b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/bg-upper.png
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/favicon.ico b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/favicon.ico
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ada8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+<%--
+Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" pageEncoding="UTF-8" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+<%
+java.text.SimpleDateFormat sdf = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy");
+request.setAttribute("year", sdf.format(new java.util.Date()));
+request.setAttribute("tomcatUrl", "https://tomcat.apache.org/");
+request.setAttribute("tomcatDocUrl", "/docs/");
+request.setAttribute("tomcatExamplesUrl", "/examples/");
+%>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+    <head>
+        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+        <title><%=request.getServletContext().getServerInfo() %></title>
+        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
+        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+    </head>
+
+    <body>
+        <div id="wrapper">
+            <div id="navigation" class="curved container">
+                <span id="nav-home"><a href="${tomcatUrl}">Home</a></span>
+                <span id="nav-hosts"><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}">Documentation</a></span>
+                <span id="nav-config"><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}config/">Configuration</a></span>
+                <span id="nav-examples"><a href="${tomcatExamplesUrl}">Examples</a></span>
+                <span id="nav-wiki"><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/">Wiki</a></span>
+                <span id="nav-lists"><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></span>
+                <span id="nav-help"><a href="${tomcatUrl}findhelp.html">Find Help</a></span>
+                <br class="separator" />
+            </div>
+            <div id="asf-box">
+                <h1>${pageContext.servletContext.serverInfo}</h1>
+            </div>
+            <div id="upper" class="curved container">
+                <div id="congrats" class="curved container">
+                    <h2>If you're seeing this, you've successfully installed Tomcat. Congratulations!</h2>
+                </div>
+                <div id="notice">
+                    <img id="tomcat-logo" src="tomcat.svg" alt="[tomcat logo]" />
+                    <div id="tasks">
+                        <h3>Recommended Reading:</h3>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}security-howto.html">Security Considerations How-To</a></h4>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}manager-howto.html">Manager Application How-To</a></h4>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}cluster-howto.html">Clustering/Session Replication How-To</a></h4>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div id="actions">
+                    <div class="button">
+                        <a class="container shadow" href="/manager/status"><span>Server Status</span></a>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="button">
+                        <a class="container shadow" href="/manager/html"><span>Manager App</span></a>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="button">
+                        <a class="container shadow" href="/host-manager/html"><span>Host Manager</span></a>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <br class="separator" />
+            </div>
+            <div id="middle" class="curved container">
+                <h3>Developer Quick Start</h3>
+                <div class="col25">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <p><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}setup.html">Tomcat Setup</a></p>
+                        <p><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}appdev/">First Web Application</a></p>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col25">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <p><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}realm-howto.html">Realms &amp; AAA</a></p>
+                        <p><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">JDBC DataSources</a></p>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col25">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <p><a href="${tomcatExamplesUrl}">Examples</a></p>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col25">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <p><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet Specifications</a></p>
+                        <p><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Tomcat Versions</a></p>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <br class="separator" />
+            </div>
+            <div id="lower">
+                <div id="low-manage" class="">
+                    <div class="curved container">
+                        <h3>Managing Tomcat</h3>
+                        <p>For security, access to the <a href="/manager/html">manager webapp</a> is restricted.
+                        Users are defined in:</p>
+                        <pre>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml</pre>
+                        <p>In Tomcat 9.0 access to the manager application is split between
+                           different users. &nbsp; <a href="${tomcatDocUrl}manager-howto.html">Read more...</a></p>
+                        <br />
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></h4>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}changelog.html">Changelog</a></h4>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatUrl}migration.html">Migration Guide</a></h4>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatUrl}security.html">Security Notices</a></h4>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div id="low-docs" class="">
+                    <div class="curved container">
+                        <h3>Documentation</h3>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}">Tomcat 9.0 Documentation</a></h4>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}config/">Tomcat 9.0 Configuration</a></h4>
+                        <h4><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/">Tomcat Wiki</a></h4>
+                        <p>Find additional important configuration information in:</p>
+                        <pre>$CATALINA_HOME/RUNNING.txt</pre>
+                        <p>Developers may be interested in:</p>
+                        <ul>
+                            <li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/bugreport.html">Tomcat 9.0 Bug Database</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}api/index.html">Tomcat 9.0 JavaDocs</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/tree/9.0.x">Tomcat 9.0 Git Repository at GitHub</a></li>
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div id="low-help" class="">
+                    <div class="curved container">
+                        <h3>Getting Help</h3>
+                        <h4><a href="${tomcatUrl}faq/">FAQ</a> and <a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></h4>
+                        <p>The following mailing lists are available:</p>
+                        <ul>
+                            <li id="list-announce"><strong><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html#tomcat-announce">tomcat-announce</a><br />
+                                Important announcements, releases, security vulnerability notifications. (Low volume).</strong>
+                            </li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html#tomcat-users">tomcat-users</a><br />
+                                User support and discussion
+                            </li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html#taglibs-user">taglibs-user</a><br />
+                                User support and discussion for <a href="${tomcatUrl}taglibs/">Apache Taglibs</a>
+                            </li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html#tomcat-dev">tomcat-dev</a><br />
+                                Development mailing list, including commit messages
+                            </li>
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <br class="separator" />
+            </div>
+            <div id="footer" class="curved container">
+                <div class="col20">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <h4>Other Downloads</h4>
+                        <ul>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}download-connectors.cgi">Tomcat Connectors</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}download-native.cgi">Tomcat Native</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}taglibs/">Taglibs</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}deployer-howto.html">Deployer</a></li>
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col20">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <h4>Other Documentation</h4>
+                        <ul>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}connectors-doc/">Tomcat Connectors</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}connectors-doc/">mod_jk Documentation</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}native-doc/">Tomcat Native</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatDocUrl}deployer-howto.html">Deployer</a></li>
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col20">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <h4>Get Involved</h4>
+                        <ul>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}getinvolved.html">Overview</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}source.html">Source Repositories</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/">Wiki</a></li>
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col20">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <h4>Miscellaneous</h4>
+                        <ul>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}contact.html">Contact</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}legal.html">Legal</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html">Sponsorship</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html">Thanks</a></li>
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <div class="col20">
+                    <div class="container">
+                        <h4>Apache Software Foundation</h4>
+                        <ul>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}whoweare.html">Who We Are</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}heritage.html">Heritage</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="https://www.apache.org">Apache Home</a></li>
+                            <li><a href="${tomcatUrl}resources.html">Resources</a></li>
+                        </ul>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <br class="separator" />
+            </div>
+            <p class="copyright">Copyright &copy;1999-${year} Apache Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved</p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/tomcat.css b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/tomcat.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87af4a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/ROOT/tomcat.css
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+/*
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+*/
+body {
+    margin: 10px 20px;
+    text-align: center;
+    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, ul, ol {
+    margin: 0 0 0.5em;
+}
+h1 {
+    font-size: 18pt;
+    margin: 0.5em 0 0;
+}
+h2 {
+    font-size: 16pt;
+}
+h3 {
+    font-size: 13pt;
+}
+h4 {
+    font-size: 12pt;
+}
+h5 {
+    font-size: 11pt;
+}
+p {
+    font-size: 11pt
+}
+
+ul {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0 0 0 0.25em;
+    text-indent: 0;
+    list-style: none;
+}
+li {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0 0 0.25em;
+    text-indent: 0;
+    font-size: 80%;
+}
+
+pre {
+    text-indent: 0.25em;
+    width: 90%;
+    font-size: 90%;
+}
+
+br.separator {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+a img {
+    border: 0 none;
+}
+
+.container {
+    padding: 10px;
+    margin: 0 0 10px;
+}
+
+.col20 {
+    float: left;
+    width: 20%;
+}
+
+.col25 {
+    float: left;
+    width: 25%;
+}
+
+#wrapper {
+    display: block;
+    margin: 0 auto;
+    text-align: left;
+    min-width: 720px;
+    max-width: 1000px;
+}
+
+.curved {
+    border-radius: 10px;
+}
+
+#tomcat-logo {
+    width: 150px;
+    height: 106px;
+}
+
+#navigation {
+    background: #eee url(bg-nav.png) repeat-x top left;
+    margin: 0 0 10px;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+#navigation span {
+    float: left;
+}
+#navigation span a {
+    display: block;
+    padding: 10px;
+    font-weight: bold;
+    text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #fff;
+}
+#navigation span a:link,
+#navigation span a:visited,
+#navigation span a:hover,
+#navigation span a:active {
+    color: #666;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+#navigation span#nav-help {
+    float: right;
+    margin-right: 0;
+}
+
+#asf-box {
+    height: 40px;
+    background: #fff url(asf-logo-wide.svg) no-repeat top right;}
+#asf-box h1 {
+    padding: 0;
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+#upper {
+    background: #fff url(bg-upper.png) repeat-x top left;
+}
+
+#congrats {
+    text-align: center;
+    padding: 10px;
+    margin: 0 40px 20px;
+    background-color: #9c9;
+}
+#congrats h2 {
+    font-size: 14pt;
+    padding: 0;
+    margin: 0;
+    color: #fff;
+}
+
+#notice {
+    float: left;
+    width: 560px;
+    color: #696;
+}
+#notice a:link,
+#notice a:visited,
+#notice a:hover,
+#notice a:active {
+    color: #090;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+#notice img,
+#notice #tasks {
+    float: left;
+}
+#tasks a:link,
+#tasks a:visited,
+#tasks a:hover,
+#tasks a:active {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+#notice img {
+    margin-right: 20px;
+}
+
+#actions {
+    float: right;
+    width: 140px;
+}
+
+#actions .button {
+    display: block;
+    padding: 0;
+    height: 36px;
+    background: url(bg-button.png) no-repeat top left;
+}
+
+#actions .button a {
+    display: block;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+#actions .button a:link,
+#actions .button a:visited,
+#actions .button a:hover,
+#actions .button a:active {
+    color: #696;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+#actions .button a span {
+    display: block;
+    padding: 6px 10px;
+    color: #666;
+    text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #fff;
+    font-size: 10pt;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+#middle {
+    background: #eef url(bg-middle.png) repeat-x top left;
+    margin: 20px 0;
+    padding: 1px 10px;
+}
+#middle h3 {
+    margin: 0 0 10px;
+    color: #033;
+}
+#middle p {
+    font-size: 10pt;
+}
+#middle a:link,
+#middle a:visited,
+#middle a:hover,
+#middle a:active {
+    color: #366;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+#middle .col25 .container {
+    padding: 0 0 1px;
+}
+
+#developers {
+    float: left;
+    width: 40%;
+}
+#security {
+    float: right;
+    width: 50%;
+}
+
+#lower {
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+#lower a:link,
+#lower a:visited,
+#lower a:hover,
+#lower a:active {
+    color: #600;
+}
+
+#lower strong a:link,
+#lower strong a:visited,
+#lower strong a:hover,
+#lower strong a:active {
+    color: #c00;
+}
+
+#lower h3 {
+    color: #963;
+    font-size: 14pt;
+}
+#lower h4 {
+    font-size: 12pt;
+}
+#lower ul {
+    padding: 0;
+    margin: 0.5em 0;
+}
+#lower p,
+#lower li {
+    font-size: 9pt;
+    color: #753;
+    margin: 0 0 0.1em;
+}
+#lower li {
+    padding: 3px 5px;
+}
+#lower li strong {
+    color: #a53;
+}
+#lower li#list-announce {
+    border: 1px solid #f90;
+    background-color: #ffe8c8;
+}
+#lower p {
+    font-size: 10.5pt;
+}
+
+#low-manage,
+#low-docs,
+#low-help {
+    float: left;
+    width: 32%;
+}
+#low-docs {
+    margin: 0 0 0 2.2%;
+}
+#low-help {
+    float: right;
+}
+
+#low-manage div,
+#low-docs div,
+#low-help div {
+    min-height: 280px;
+    border: 3px solid #ffdc75;
+    background-color: #fff1c8;
+    padding: 10px;
+}
+
+#footer {
+    padding: 0;
+    margin: 20px 0;
+    color: #999;
+    background-color: #eee;
+}
+#footer h4 {
+    margin: 0 0 10px;
+    font-size: 10pt;
+}
+#footer p {
+    margin: 0 0 10px;
+    font-size: 10pt;
+}
+#footer ul {
+    margin: 6px 0 1px;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+#footer li {
+    margin: 0;
+    font-size: 9pt;
+}
+
+#footer a:link,
+#footer a:visited,
+#footer a:hover,
+#footer a:active {
+    color: #666;
+}
+
+.copyright {
+    font-size: 10pt;
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/BUILDING.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/BUILDING.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c23b99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/BUILDING.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+================================================================================
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+================================================================================
+
+            ====================================================
+            Building The Apache Tomcat 9.0 Servlet/JSP Container
+            ====================================================
+
+This project contains the source code for Tomcat 9.0, a container that
+implements the Servlet 4.0, JSP 2.3, EL 3.0, WebSocket 1.1 and JASPIC 1.1
+specifications from the Java Community Process <https://www.jcp.org/>.
+
+Note: If you just need to run Apache Tomcat, it is not necessary to build
+it. You may simply download a binary distribution. It is cross-platform.
+Read RUNNING.txt for the instruction on how to run it.
+
+In order to build a binary distribution version of Apache Tomcat from a
+source distribution, do the following:
+
+
+(1) Download and Install a Java Development Kit
+
+ 1. If the JDK is already installed, skip to (2).
+
+ 2. Download a version 11 or later of Java Development Kit (JDK) release (use
+    the latest update available for your chosen version) from one of:
+
+        http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
+        http://openjdk.java.net/install/index.html
+        or another JDK vendor.
+
+    Note regarding later versions of Java:
+
+      As documented elsewhere, one of components in Apache Tomcat includes
+      a private copy of the Apache Commons DBCP 2 library.
+
+      The JDBC interfaces implemented by DBCP frequently change in non-backwards
+      compatible ways between versions of the Java SE specification. Therefore,
+      it is likely that DBCP 2 will only compile with the specific version of Java
+      listed above and that compilation will fail if a later version of Java is
+      used.
+
+      See Apache Commons DBCP 2 project web site for more details on
+      available versions of the library and its requirements,
+
+        https://commons.apache.org/dbcp/
+
+ 3. Install the JDK according to the instructions included with the release.
+
+ 4. Set an environment variable JAVA_HOME to the pathname of the directory
+    into which you installed the JDK release.
+
+
+(2) Install Apache Ant version 1.10.2 or later on your computer.
+
+ 1. If Apache Ant version 1.10.2 or later is already installed on your
+    computer, skip to (3).
+
+ 2. Download a binary distribution of Ant from:
+
+        https://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi
+
+ 3. Unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location so that the
+    Ant release resides in its own directory (conventionally named
+    "apache-ant-[version]").
+
+    For the purposes of the remainder of this document, the symbolic name
+    "${ant.home}" is used to refer to the full pathname of the release
+    directory.
+
+ 4. Create an ANT_HOME environment variable to point the directory
+    ${ant.home}.
+
+ 5. Modify the PATH environment variable to include the directory
+    ${ant.home}/bin in its list.  This makes the "ant" command line script
+    available, which will be used to actually perform the build.
+
+
+(3) Building Tomcat 9.0
+
+(3.1) Checkout or obtain the source code for Tomcat 9.0
+
+Clone the source using git, then checkout a specific major branch or
+main for the latest code development, or download and unpack a source
+package.
+
+ *  Tomcat GitHub repository URL:
+
+        https://github.com/apache/tomcat
+
+ *  Source packages can be downloaded from:
+
+        https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi
+
+The location where the source has been placed will be further referred as
+${tomcat.source}.
+
+The Tomcat local build process does not modify line-endings. The svn repository
+is configured so that all files will be checked out with the line-ending
+appropriate for the current platform. When using a source package you should
+ensure that you use the source package that has the appropriate line-ending
+for your platform:
+
+  zip    -> CRLF
+  tar.gz -> LF
+
+Note that the release build process does modify line-endings to ensure that
+each release package has the appropriate line-endings.
+
+(3.2) Building
+
+ 1. The build is controlled by creating a ${tomcat.source}/build.properties
+    file.
+
+    It is recommended to always create the file, because of unfortunate
+    default value of base.path property. You may start with the following
+    content for the file:
+
+        # ----- Default Base Path for Dependent Packages -----
+        # Replace this path with the directory path where dependencies binaries
+        # should be downloaded
+        base.path=/home/me/some-place-to-download-to
+
+ 2. Configure base.path property by adding it to the
+    ${tomcat.source}/build.properties file.
+
+    The base.path property specifies the place where Tomcat dependencies
+    required by the build are downloaded. It is recommended to place this
+    directory outside of the source tree, so that you do not waste your
+    time re-downloading the libraries.
+
+* NOTE: The default value of the base.path property configures the build script
+  to download the libraries required to build Tomcat to the
+  ${user.home}/tomcat-build-libs directory.
+
+* NOTE: Users accessing the Internet through a proxy must use the properties
+  file to indicate to Ant the proxy configuration.
+
+  The following properties should be added to the ${tomcat.source}/build.properties
+  file.
+
+        proxy.use=true
+        proxy.host=proxy.domain
+        proxy.port=8080
+        proxy.user=username
+        proxy.password=password
+
+  See Apache Ant documentation for the <setproxy> task for details.
+
+ 3. Go to the sources directory and run Ant:
+
+        cd ${tomcat.source}
+        ant
+
+    This will execute the "deploy" target in build.xml.
+
+    Once the build has completed successfully, a usable Tomcat installation
+    will have been produced in the ${tomcat.source}/output/build directory,
+    and can be started and stopped with the usual scripts.
+
+    Note that the build includes Tomcat documentation, which can be found
+    in the output/build/webapps/docs directory.
+
+    The path of the output directory can be controlled by specifying the
+    "tomcat.output" property in the build.properties file.
+
+* NOTE: Do not run the build as the root user. Building and running Tomcat
+  does not require root privileges.
+
+
+(4) Updating sources and rebuilding
+
+It is recommended that you regularly update the downloaded Tomcat 9.0
+sources using your git client.
+
+For a quick rebuild of only modified code you can use:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant
+
+
+(5) Special builds
+
+There are several targets in Tomcat build files that are useful to be
+called separately. They build components that you may want to build
+quickly, or ones that are included in the full release and are not built
+during the default "deploy" build.
+
+(5.1) Building documentation
+
+The documentation web application is built during the default "deploy"
+build.
+
+It can be built quickly by using the following commands:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant build-docs
+
+The output of this command will be found in the following directory:
+
+    output/build/webapps/docs
+
+
+The API documentation (Javadoc) is built during a "release" build. It is
+easy to build it separately by using the following commands:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant javadoc
+
+The output of this command will be found in the following directories:
+
+    output/dist/webapps/docs/api
+    output/dist/webapps/docs/elapi
+    output/dist/webapps/docs/jspapi
+    output/dist/webapps/docs/servletapi
+
+
+(5.2) Building the extras (commons-logging, webservices etc.)
+
+These components are documented on the "Additional Components"
+(extras.html) page of documentation. They are built during a "release"
+build.
+
+You can build them by using the following commands:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant extras
+
+(5.3) Building the embedded packages
+
+These are built during a "release" build.
+
+You can build them by using the following commands:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant embed
+
+
+(6) Building a full release (as provided via the ASF download pages)
+
+    A full release includes the Windows installer which requires a Windows
+    environment to be available to create it. If not building in a Windows
+    environment, the build scripts assume that Wine is available. If this is not
+    the case, the skip.installer property may be set to skip the creation of the
+    Windows installer.
+
+    Provided that Wine is available on non-Windows platforms, a full release
+    build may be made on Windows, Linux or MacOS.
+
+ 1. Configure GPG, if needed
+
+    If the released artifacts have to be cryptographically signed with a
+    PGP signature, like the official ASF releases are, the following
+    property can be added to the build.properties file:
+
+        # Location of GPG executable (used only for releases)
+        gpg.exec=/path/to/gpg
+
+    You do not need it if you do not plan to sign the release.
+
+    If "gpg.exec" property does not point to an existing file, it will be
+    ignored and this feature will be deactivated.
+
+    You will be prompted for the GPG passphrase when the release build
+    starts, unless "gpg.passphrase" property is set.
+
+ 2. If building the Windows installer
+
+    If running the build in a UAC enabled environment, building the Windows
+    installer requires elevated privileges. The simplest way to do this is to
+    open the command prompt used for the build with the "Run as administrator"
+    option.
+
+ 3. Configure the code signing service
+
+    ASF committers performing official releases will need to configure the code
+    signing service so that the Windows installer is signed during the build
+    process. The following properties need to be added to the build.properties
+    file:
+
+        # Location of GPG executable (used only for releases)
+        gpg.exec=/path/to/gpg
+        # Code signing of Windows installer
+        do.codesigning=true
+        codesigning.storepass=request-via-pmc
+
+    Release managers will be provided with the necessary credentials by the PMC.
+
+ 4. Build the release:
+
+    Apache Tomcat releases are fully reproducible.
+
+    Release managers producing release builds must follow the following
+    procedure:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant pre-release
+    ant release
+    git commit -a -m "Tag <version-number>"
+    git tag <vesion-number>
+    git push origin <version-number>
+    ant release
+    git reset --hard HEAD~1
+
+    The output from either 'ant release' call may be uploaded as the official
+    release since they will be identical. It is recommended that the output from
+    the second call is used.
+
+    Anyone wishing to reproduce an official build must do so from an official
+    source release. The build tool chain defined in build.properties.release
+    must be used to reproduce an official build. Once unpacked to
+    ${tomcat.source}, the following steps must be followed
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant release
+
+    Following the same steps without using the defined build tool chain will
+    create a release that is functionally the same as an official release but
+    not bit for bit identical.
+
+
+(7) Tests
+
+(7.1) Running Tomcat tests
+
+Tomcat includes a number of junit tests. The tests are not run when a
+release is built. There is separate command to run them.
+
+To run the testsuite use the following command:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant test
+
+It is advisable to redirect output of the above command to a file for later
+inspection.
+
+The JUnit reports generated by the tests will be written to the following
+directory:
+
+    output/build/logs
+
+By default the testsuite is run three times to test 3 different
+implementations of Tomcat connectors: NIO, NIO2 and APR. (If you are not
+familiar with Tomcat connectors, see config/http.html in documentation for
+details).
+
+The 3 runs are activated and deactivated individually by the following
+properties, which all are "true" by default:
+
+    execute.test.nio=true
+    execute.test.nio2=true
+    execute.test.apr=true
+
+The APR connector can be tested only if Tomcat-Native library binaries are
+found by the testsuite. The "test.apr.loc" property specifies the directory
+where the library binaries are located.
+
+By default the "test.apr.loc" property specifies the following location:
+
+    output/build/bin/
+
+If you are on Windows and want to test the APR connector you can put the
+tcnative-1.dll file into ${tomcat.source}/bin/ and it will be copied
+into the above directory when the build runs.
+
+The unit tests include tests of the clustering functionality which require
+multicast to be enabled. There is a simple application provided in the Tomcat
+test source (org.apache.catalina.tribes.TesterMulticast) that can be used to
+check if a machine supports multicast. Notes on enabling multicast for different
+operating systems are provided in the Javadoc for that class.
+
+
+(7.2) Running a single test
+
+It is possible to run a single JUnit test class by adding the "test.entry"
+property to the build.properties file. The property specifies the name of
+the test class.
+
+For example:
+
+    test.entry=org.apache.catalina.util.TestServerInfo
+
+It is possible to further limit such run to a number of selected test
+methods by adding "test.entry.methods" property. The property specifies a
+comma-separated list of test case methods.
+
+For example:
+
+    test.entry=org.apache.el.lang.TestELArithmetic
+    test.entry.methods=testMultiply01,testMultiply02
+
+
+(7.3) Running a set of tests
+
+It is possible to run a set of JUnit test classes by adding the "test.name"
+property to the build.properties file. The property specifies an Ant
+includes pattern for the fileset of test class files to run.
+
+The default value is "**/Test*.java", so all test classes are being
+executed (with few exceptions - see build.xml for several exclude patterns).
+
+You can include multiple patterns by concatenating them with a comma (",")
+as the separator.
+
+For example:
+
+    test.name=**/TestSsl.java,**/TestWebSocketFrameClientSSL.java
+
+You can exclude specific JUnit test classes by adding the "test.exclude"
+property to the build.properties file. The property specifies an Ant
+excludes pattern for the fileset of test class files to exclude form the run.
+The default value is empty, so no classes are excluded. The syntax is the same
+as for the property "test.name".
+
+
+(7.4) Other configuration options
+
+ 1. It is possible to configure the directory where JUnit reports are
+ written to. It is configured by "test.reports" property. The default
+ value is
+
+        output/build/logs
+
+ 2. It is possible to enable generation of access log file when the tests
+ are run. This is off by default and can be enabled by the following
+ property:
+
+        test.accesslog=true
+
+ The "access_log.<date>" file will be written to the same directory as
+ JUnit reports,
+
+        output/build/logs
+
+ 3. The testsuite respects logging configuration as configured by
+ ${tomcat.source}/conf/logging.properties
+
+ The log files will be written to the temporary directory used by the
+ tests,
+
+        output/test-tmp/logs
+
+ 4. It is possible to configure formatter used by JUnit reports.
+ Configuration properties are "junit.formatter.type",
+ "junit.formatter.extension" and "junit.formatter.usefile".
+
+ For example the following property deactivates generation of separate report
+ files:
+
+        junit.formatter.usefile=false
+
+ 5. It is possible to speed up testing by letting JUnit to run several
+ tests in parallel.
+
+ This is configured by setting "test.threads" property. The recommended
+ value is one thread per core.
+
+ 6. Optional support is provided for the Cobertura code coverage tool.
+
+NOTE: Cobertura is licensed under GPL v2 with parts of it being under
+      Apache License v1.1. See https://cobertura.github.io/cobertura/ for details.
+      Using it during Tomcat build is optional and is off by default.
+
+ Cobertura can be enabled using the following properties:
+
+        test.cobertura=true
+        test.threads=1
+
+ Using Cobertura currently requires setting test.threads configuration
+ property to the value of 1. Setting that property to a different value
+ will deactivate code coverage.
+
+ The report files by default are written to
+
+        output/coverage
+
+ 7. The performance tests are written to run reasonably powerful machines (such
+    as a developer may use day to day) assuming no other resource hungry
+    processes are running.
+
+    These assumptions are not always true (e.g. on CI systems running in a
+    virtual machine) so the performance tests may be deactivated by using the
+    following property:
+
+        test.excludePerformance=true
+
+ 8. Some tests include checks that the access log valve entries are as expected.
+    These checks include timings. On slower / loaded systems these checks will
+    often fail. The checks may be relaxed by using the following property:
+
+        test.relaxTiming=true
+
+ 9. It is known that some platforms (e.g. OSX El Capitan) require IPv4 to
+    be the default for the multicast tests to work. This is configured by
+    the following property:
+
+        java.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
+
+ 10. By default the output of unit tests is sent to the console and can be
+     quite verbose. The output can be deactivated by setting the property:
+
+        test.verbose=false
+
+(8) Source code checks
+
+(8.1) Checkstyle
+
+NOTE: Checkstyle is licensed under LGPL. Using Checkstyle during Tomcat
+      build is optional and is off by default.
+
+      See http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/ for more information.
+
+Tomcat comes with a Checkstyle configuration that tests its source code
+for certain conventions, like presence of the license header.
+
+To enable Checkstyle, add the following property to build.properties file:
+
+    execute.validate=true
+
+Once Checkstyle is enabled, the check will be performed automatically
+during the build. The check is run before compilation of the source code.
+
+To speed-up repeated runs of this check, a cache is configured. The cache
+is located in the following directory:
+
+    output/res/checkstyle
+
+It is possible to run the check separately by calling the "validate"
+target. The command is:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant -Dexecute.validate=true validate
+
+
+(8.2) SpotBugs
+
+NOTE: SpotBugs is licensed under LGPL. Using SpotBugs during Tomcat build is
+      optional and is off by default.
+
+      See https://spotbugs.github.io/ for more information.
+
+To enable SpotBugs, add the following property to build.properties file:
+
+    execute.spotbugs=true
+
+To compile Tomcat classes and generate a SpotBugs report, call the
+"spotbugs" target. For example:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant -Dexecute.spotbugs=true spotbugs
+
+The report file by default is written to
+
+    output/spotbugs
+
+
+(8.3) End-of-line conventions check
+
+You usually would not need to run this check. You can skip this section.
+
+Apache Tomcat project has convention that all of its textual source files,
+stored in the Git repository, use Unix style LF line endings.
+
+This test is used by developers to check that the source code adheres to
+this convention. It verifies that the ends of lines in textual files are
+appropriate. The idea is to run this check regularly and notify developers
+when an inconsistency is detected.
+
+The command to run this test is:
+
+    cd ${tomcat.source}
+    ant validate-eoln
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/META-INF/context.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/META-INF/context.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae6803b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/META-INF/context.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Context antiResourceLocking="false" >
+  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
+</Context>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30a9a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+================================================================================
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+================================================================================
+
+
+                     Apache Tomcat Version 9.0.75
+                            Release Notes
+
+
+=========
+CONTENTS:
+=========
+
+* Dependency Changes
+* API Stability
+* Bundled APIs
+* Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries
+* Security manager URLs
+* Symlinking static resources
+* Viewing the Tomcat Change Log
+* Cryptographic software notice
+* When all else fails
+
+
+===================
+Dependency Changes:
+===================
+Tomcat 9.0 is designed to run on Java 8 and later.
+
+
+==============
+API Stability:
+==============
+
+The public interfaces for the following classes are fixed and will not be
+changed at all during the remaining lifetime of the 9.x series:
+- All classes in the javax namespace
+
+The public interfaces for the following classes may be added to in order to
+resolve bugs and/or add new features. No existing interface method will be
+removed or changed although it may be deprecated.
+- org.apache.catalina.* (excluding sub-packages)
+
+Note: As Tomcat 9 matures, the above list will be added to. The list is not
+      considered complete at this time.
+
+The remaining classes are considered part of the Tomcat internals and may change
+without notice between point releases.
+
+
+=============
+Bundled APIs:
+=============
+A standard installation of Tomcat 9.0 makes all of the following APIs available
+for use by web applications (by placing them in "lib"):
+* annotations-api.jar (Annotations package)
+* catalina.jar (Tomcat Catalina implementation)
+* catalina-ant.jar (Tomcat Catalina Ant tasks)
+* catalina-ha.jar (High availability package)
+* catalina-ssi.jar (Server-side Includes module)
+* catalina-storeconfig.jar (Generation of XML configuration from current state)
+* catalina-tribes.jar (Group communication)
+* ecj-4.20.jar (Eclipse JDT Java compiler)
+* el-api.jar (EL 3.0 API)
+* jasper.jar (Jasper 2 Compiler and Runtime)
+* jasper-el.jar (Jasper 2 EL implementation)
+* jsp-api.jar (JSP 2.3 API)
+* servlet-api.jar (Servlet 4.0 API)
+* tomcat-api.jar (Interfaces shared by Catalina and Jasper)
+* tomcat-coyote.jar (Tomcat connectors and utility classes)
+* tomcat-dbcp.jar (package renamed database connection pool based on Commons DBCP 2)
+* tomcat-jdbc.jar (Tomcat's database connection pooling solution)
+* tomcat-jni.jar (Interface to the native component of the APR/native connector)
+* tomcat-util.jar (Various utilities)
+* tomcat-websocket.jar (WebSocket 1.1 implementation)
+* websocket-api.jar (WebSocket 1.1 API)
+
+You can make additional APIs available to all of your web applications by
+putting unpacked classes into a "classes" directory (not created by default),
+or by placing them in JAR files in the "lib" directory.
+
+To override the XML parser implementation or interfaces, use the appropriate
+feature for your JVM. For Java <= 8 use the endorsed standards override
+feature. The default configuration defines JARs located in "endorsed" as endorsed.
+For Java 9+ use the upgradeable modules feature.
+
+
+================================================================
+Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries:
+================================================================
+Some shared libraries (many are part of the JDK) keep references to objects
+instantiated by the web application. To avoid class loading related problems
+(ClassCastExceptions, messages indicating that the classloader
+is stopped, etc.), the shared libraries state should be reinitialized.
+
+Something which might help is to avoid putting classes which would be
+referenced by a shared static field in the web application classloader,
+and putting them in the shared classloader instead (JARs should be put in the
+"lib" folder, and classes should be put in the "classes" folder).
+
+
+======================
+Security manager URLs:
+======================
+In order to grant security permissions to JARs located inside the
+web application repository, use URLs of the following format
+in your policy file:
+
+file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar
+
+
+============================
+Symlinking static resources:
+============================
+By default, Unix symlinks will not work when used in a web application to link
+resources located outside the web application root directory.
+
+This behavior is optional, and the "allowLinking" flag may be used to deactivate
+the check.
+
+
+==============================
+Viewing the Tomcat Change Log:
+==============================
+The full change log is available from https://tomcat.apache.org and is also
+included in the documentation web application.
+
+
+=============================
+Cryptographic software notice
+=============================
+This distribution includes cryptographic software.  The country in
+which you currently reside may have restrictions on the import,
+possession, use, and/or re-export to another country, of
+encryption software.  BEFORE using any encryption software, please
+check your country's laws, regulations and policies concerning the
+import, possession, or use, and re-export of encryption software, to
+see if this is permitted.  See <http://www.wassenaar.org/> for more
+information.
+
+The U.S. Government Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and
+Security (BIS), has classified this software as Export Commodity
+Control Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.1, which includes information security
+software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric
+algorithms.  The form and manner of this Apache Software Foundation
+distribution makes it eligible for export under the License Exception
+ENC Technology Software Unrestricted (TSU) exception (see the BIS
+Export Administration Regulations, Section 740.13) for both object
+code and source code.
+
+The following provides more details on the included cryptographic
+software:
+  - Tomcat includes code designed to work with JSSE
+  - Tomcat includes code designed to work with OpenSSL
+
+
+====================
+When all else fails:
+====================
+See the FAQ
+https://tomcat.apache.org/faq/
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/RUNNING.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/RUNNING.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd4540a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/RUNNING.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+================================================================================
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+================================================================================
+
+            ===================================================
+            Running The Apache Tomcat 9.0 Servlet/JSP Container
+            ===================================================
+
+Apache Tomcat 9.0 requires a Java Standard Edition Runtime
+Environment (JRE) version 8 or later.
+
+=============================
+Running With JRE 8 Or Later
+=============================
+
+(1) Download and Install a Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE)
+
+(1.1) Download a Java SE Runtime Environment (JRE),
+      release version 8 or later, from
+      http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
+
+(1.2) Install the JRE according to the instructions included with the
+      release.
+
+      You may also use a full Java Development Kit (JDK) rather than just
+      a JRE.
+
+
+(2) Download and Install Apache Tomcat
+
+(2.1) Download a binary distribution of Tomcat from:
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/
+
+(2.2) Unpack the binary distribution so that it resides in its own
+      directory (conventionally named "apache-tomcat-[version]").
+
+      For the purposes of the remainder of this document, the name
+      "CATALINA_HOME" is used to refer to the full pathname of that
+      directory.
+
+NOTE:  As an alternative to downloading a binary distribution, you can
+create your own from the Tomcat source code, as described in
+"BUILDING.txt".  You can either
+
+  a)  Do the full "release" build and find the created distribution in the
+      "output/release" directory and then proceed with unpacking as above, or
+
+  b)  Do a simple build and use the "output/build" directory as
+      "CATALINA_HOME".  Be warned that there are some differences between the
+      contents of the "output/build" directory and a full "release"
+      distribution.
+
+
+(3) Configure Environment Variables
+
+Tomcat is a Java application and does not use environment variables directly.
+Environment variables are used by the Tomcat startup scripts. The scripts use
+the environment variables to prepare the command that starts Tomcat.
+
+(3.1) Set CATALINA_HOME (required) and CATALINA_BASE (optional)
+
+The CATALINA_HOME environment variable should be set to the location of the
+root directory of the "binary" distribution of Tomcat.
+
+The Tomcat startup scripts have some logic to set this variable
+automatically if it is absent, based on the location of the startup script
+in *nix and on the current directory in Windows. That logic might not work
+in all circumstances, so setting the variable explicitly is recommended.
+
+The CATALINA_BASE environment variable specifies location of the root
+directory of the "active configuration" of Tomcat. It is optional. It
+defaults to be equal to CATALINA_HOME.
+
+Using distinct values for the CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE variables is
+recommended to simplify further upgrades and maintenance. It is documented
+in the "Multiple Tomcat Instances" section below.
+
+
+(3.2) Set JRE_HOME or JAVA_HOME (required)
+
+These variables are used to specify location of a Java Runtime
+Environment or of a Java Development Kit that is used to start Tomcat.
+
+The JRE_HOME variable is used to specify location of a JRE. The JAVA_HOME
+variable is used to specify location of a JDK.
+
+Using JAVA_HOME provides access to certain additional startup options that
+are not allowed when JRE_HOME is used.
+
+If both JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME are specified, JRE_HOME is used.
+
+The recommended place to specify these variables is a "setenv" script. See
+below.
+
+
+(3.3) Other variables (optional)
+
+Other environment variables exist, besides the four described above.
+See the comments at the top of catalina.bat or catalina.sh scripts for
+the list and a description of each of them.
+
+One frequently used variable is CATALINA_OPTS. It allows specification of
+additional options for the java command that starts Tomcat.
+
+See the Java documentation for the options that affect the Java Runtime
+Environment.
+
+See the "System Properties" page in the Tomcat Configuration Reference for
+the system properties that are specific to Tomcat.
+
+A similar variable is JAVA_OPTS. It is used less frequently. It allows
+specification of options that are used both to start and to stop Tomcat as well
+as for other commands.
+
+Note: Do not use JAVA_OPTS to specify memory limits. You do not need much
+memory for a small process that is used to stop Tomcat. Those settings
+belong to CATALINA_OPTS.
+
+Another frequently used variable is CATALINA_PID (on *nix only). It
+specifies the location of the file where process id of the forked Tomcat
+java process will be written. This setting is optional. It will activate
+the following features:
+
+ *  better protection against duplicate start attempts and
+ *  allows forceful termination of Tomcat process when it does not react to
+    the standard shutdown command.
+
+
+(3.4) Using the "setenv" script (optional, recommended)
+
+Apart from CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE, all environment variables can
+be specified in the "setenv" script. The script is placed either into
+CATALINA_BASE/bin or into CATALINA_HOME/bin directory and is named
+setenv.bat (on Windows) or setenv.sh (on *nix). The file has to be
+readable.
+
+By default the setenv script file is absent. If the script file is present
+both in CATALINA_BASE and in CATALINA_HOME, the one in CATALINA_BASE is
+preferred.
+
+For example, to configure the JRE_HOME and CATALINA_PID variables you can
+create the following script file:
+
+On Windows, %CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat:
+
+  set "JRE_HOME=%ProgramFiles%\Java\jre8"
+  exit /b 0
+
+On *nix, $CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh:
+
+  JRE_HOME=/usr/java/latest
+  CATALINA_PID="/run/tomcat.pid"
+
+
+The CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE variables cannot be configured in the
+setenv script, because they are used to locate that file.
+
+All the environment variables described here and the "setenv" script are
+used only if you use the standard scripts to launch Tomcat. For example, if
+you have installed Tomcat as a service on Windows, the service wrapper
+launches Java directly and does not use the script files.
+
+
+(4) Start Up Tomcat
+
+(4.1) Tomcat can be started by executing one of the following commands:
+
+  On Windows:
+
+      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\startup.bat
+
+    or
+
+      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat start
+
+  On *nix:
+
+      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
+
+    or
+
+      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start
+
+(4.2) After startup, the default web applications included with Tomcat will be
+      available by visiting:
+
+      http://localhost:8080/
+
+(4.3) Further information about configuring and running Tomcat can be found in
+      the documentation included here, as well as on the Tomcat web site:
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/
+
+
+(5) Shut Down Tomcat
+
+(5.1) Tomcat can be shut down by executing one of the following commands:
+
+  On Windows:
+
+      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\shutdown.bat
+
+    or
+
+      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat stop
+
+  On *nix:
+
+      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
+
+    or
+
+      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop
+
+==================================================
+Advanced Configuration - Multiple Tomcat Instances
+==================================================
+
+In many circumstances, it is desirable to have a single copy of a Tomcat
+binary distribution shared among multiple users on the same server.  To make
+this possible, you can set the CATALINA_BASE environment variable to the
+directory that contains the files for your 'personal' Tomcat instance.
+
+When running with a separate CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE, the files
+and directories are split as following:
+
+In CATALINA_BASE:
+
+ * bin  - Only the following files:
+
+           * setenv.sh (*nix) or setenv.bat (Windows),
+           * tomcat-juli.jar
+
+          The setenv scripts were described above. The tomcat-juli library
+          is documented in the Logging chapter in the User Guide.
+
+ * conf - Server configuration files (including server.xml)
+
+ * lib  - Libraries and classes, as explained below
+
+ * logs - Log and output files
+
+ * webapps - Automatically loaded web applications
+
+ * work - Temporary working directories for web applications
+
+ * temp - Directory used by the JVM for temporary files (java.io.tmpdir)
+
+
+In CATALINA_HOME:
+
+ * bin  - Startup and shutdown scripts
+
+          The following files will be used only if they are absent in
+          CATALINA_BASE/bin:
+
+          setenv.sh (*nix), setenv.bat (Windows), tomcat-juli.jar
+
+ * lib  - Libraries and classes, as explained below
+
+ * endorsed - Libraries that override standard "Endorsed Standards"
+              libraries provided by JRE. See Classloading documentation
+              in the User Guide for details.
+              This is only supported for Java <= 8.
+              By default this "endorsed" directory is absent.
+
+In the default configuration the JAR libraries and classes both in
+CATALINA_BASE/lib and in CATALINA_HOME/lib will be added to the common
+classpath, but the ones in CATALINA_BASE will be added first and thus will
+be searched first.
+
+The idea is that you may leave the standard Tomcat libraries in
+CATALINA_HOME/lib and add other ones such as database drivers into
+CATALINA_BASE/lib.
+
+In general it is advised to never share libraries between web applications,
+but put them into WEB-INF/lib directories inside the applications. See
+Classloading documentation in the User Guide for details.
+
+
+It might be useful to note that the values of CATALINA_HOME and
+CATALINA_BASE can be referenced in the XML configuration files processed
+by Tomcat as ${catalina.home} and ${catalina.base} respectively.
+
+For example, the standard manager web application can be kept in
+CATALINA_HOME/webapps/manager and loaded into CATALINA_BASE by copying
+its deployment descriptor into the desired virtual host:
+
+ * Copy the CATALINA_HOME/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
+   file as CATALINA_BASE/conf/Catalina/localhost/manager.xml
+
+ * Add docBase attribute as shown below.
+
+The file will look like the following:
+
+  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  <Context docBase="${catalina.home}/webapps/manager"
+    antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
+    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         allow="127\.0\.0\.1" />
+    <Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
+  </Context>
+
+See Deployer chapter in User Guide and Context and Host chapters in the
+Configuration Reference for more information on contexts and web
+application deployment.
+
+
+================
+Troubleshooting
+================
+
+There are only really 2 things likely to go wrong during the stand-alone
+Tomcat install:
+
+(1) The most common hiccup is when another web server (or any process for that
+    matter) has laid claim to port 8080.  This is the default HTTP port that
+    Tomcat attempts to bind to at startup.  To change this, open the file:
+
+       $CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml
+
+    and search for '8080'.  Change it to a port that isn't in use, and is
+    greater than 1024, as ports less than or equal to 1024 require superuser
+    access to bind under UNIX.
+
+    Restart Tomcat and you're in business.  Be sure that you replace the "8080"
+    in the URL you're using to access Tomcat.  For example, if you change the
+    port to 1977, you would request the URL http://localhost:1977/ in your
+    browser.
+
+(2) The 'localhost' machine isn't found.  This could happen if you're behind a
+    proxy.  If that's the case, make sure the proxy configuration for your
+    browser knows that you shouldn't be going through the proxy to access the
+    "localhost".
+
+    In Firefox, this is under Tools/Preferences -> Advanced/Network ->
+    Connection -> Settings..., and in Internet Explorer it is Tools ->
+    Internet Options -> Connections -> LAN Settings.
+
+
+====================
+Optional Components
+====================
+
+The following optional components may be included with the Apache Tomcat binary
+distribution. If they are not included, you can install them separately.
+
+ 1. Apache Tomcat Native library
+
+ 2. Apache Commons Daemon service launcher
+
+Both of them are implemented in C language and as such have to be compiled
+into binary code. The binary code will be specific for a platform and CPU
+architecture and it must match the Java Runtime Environment executables
+that will be used to launch Tomcat.
+
+The Windows-specific binary distributions of Apache Tomcat include binary
+files for these components. On other platforms you would have to look for
+binary versions elsewhere or compile them yourself.
+
+If you are new to Tomcat, do not bother with these components to start with.
+If you do use them, do not forget to read their documentation.
+
+
+Apache Tomcat Native library
+-----------------------------
+
+It is a library that allows to use the "Apr" variant of HTTP and AJP
+protocol connectors in Apache Tomcat. It is built around OpenSSL and Apache
+Portable Runtime (APR) libraries. Those are the same libraries as used by
+Apache HTTPD Server project.
+
+This feature was especially important in the old days when Java performance
+was poor. It is less important nowadays, but it is still used and respected
+by many. See Tomcat documentation for more details.
+
+For further reading:
+
+ - Apache Tomcat documentation
+
+    * Documentation for APR/Native library in the Tomcat User's Guide
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/apr.html
+
+    * Documentation for the HTTP and AJP protocol connectors in the Tomcat
+      Configuration Reference
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/config/http.html
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/config/ajp.html
+
+ - Apache Tomcat Native project home
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/native-doc/
+
+ - Other projects
+
+    * OpenSSL
+
+      https://www.openssl.org/
+
+    * Apache Portable Runtime
+
+      https://apr.apache.org/
+
+    * Apache HTTP Server
+
+      https://httpd.apache.org/
+
+To deactivate Apache Tomcat Native library:
+
+ - To deactivate Apache Tomcat Native library when it is installed, or
+ - To remove the warning that is logged during Tomcat startup when the
+   library is not installed:
+
+   Edit the "conf/server.xml" file and remove "AprLifecycleListener" from
+   it.
+
+The binary file of Apache Tomcat Native library is usually named
+
+  - "tcnative-1.dll" on Windows
+  - "libtcnative-1.so" on *nix systems
+
+
+Apache Commons Daemon
+----------------------
+
+Apache Commons Daemon project provides wrappers that can be used to
+install Apache Tomcat as a service on Windows or as a daemon on *nix
+systems.
+
+The Windows-specific implementation of Apache Commons Daemon is called
+"procrun". The *nix-specific one is called "jsvc".
+
+For further reading:
+
+ - Apache Commons Daemon project
+
+      https://commons.apache.org/daemon/
+
+ - Apache Tomcat documentation
+
+    * Installing Apache Tomcat
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/setup.html
+
+    * Windows Service How-To
+
+      https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/windows-service-howto.html
+
+The binary files of Apache Commons Daemon in Apache Tomcat distributions
+for Windows are named:
+
+  - "tomcat9.exe"
+  - "tomcat9w.exe"
+
+These files are renamed copies of "prunsrv.exe" and "prunmgr.exe" from
+Apache Commons Daemon distribution. The file names have a meaning: they are
+used as the service name to register the service in Windows, as well as the
+key name to store distinct configuration for this installation of
+"procrun". If you would like to install several instances of Tomcat 9.0
+in parallel, you have to further rename those files, using the same naming
+scheme.
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2dee6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+ <head>
+  <title>403 Access Denied</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  </style>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+   <h1>403 Access Denied</h1>
+   <p>
+    You are not authorized to view this page.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    By default the documentation web application is only accessible from a browser
+    running on the same machine as Tomcat. If you wish to modify this
+    restriction, you'll need to edit the documentation web applications's
+    <tt>context.xml</tt> file.
+   </p>
+ </body>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/WEB-INF/web.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/WEB-INF/web.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0494d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/WEB-INF/web.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
+                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
+  version="4.0"
+  metadata-complete="true">
+
+  <display-name>Tomcat Documentation</display-name>
+  <description>
+     Tomcat Documentation.
+  </description>
+
+  <error-page>
+    <error-code>403</error-code>
+    <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp</location>
+  </error-page>
+
+</web-app>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/aio.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/aio.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b4fc50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/aio.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Advanced IO and Tomcat</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Advanced IO and Tomcat</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Asynchronous_writes">Asynchronous writes</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    <b>IMPORTANT NOTE: Usage of these features requires using the
+    HTTP connectors. The AJP connectors do not support them.</b>
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Asynchronous_writes">Asynchronous writes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    When using HTTP connectors (based on APR or NIO/NIO2),
+    Tomcat supports using sendfile to send large static files.
+    These writes, as soon as the system load increases, will be performed
+    asynchronously in the most efficient way. Instead of sending a large response using
+    blocking writes, it is possible to write content to a static file, and write it
+    using a sendfile code. A caching valve could take advantage of this to cache the
+    response data in a file rather than store it in memory. Sendfile support is
+    available if the request attribute <code>org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.support</code>
+    is set to <code>Boolean.TRUE</code>.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Any servlet can instruct Tomcat to perform a sendfile call by setting the appropriate
+    request attributes. It is also necessary to correctly set the content length
+    for the response. When using sendfile, it is best to ensure that neither the
+    request or response have been wrapped, since as the response body will be sent later
+    by the connector itself, it cannot be filtered. Other than setting the 3 needed
+    request attributes, the servlet should not send any response data, but it may use
+    any method which will result in modifying the response header (like setting cookies).
+  </p>
+
+  <ul>
+  <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.filename</code>: Canonical filename of the file which will be sent as
+      a String</li>
+  <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.start</code>: Start offset as a Long</li>
+  <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.sendfile.end</code>: End offset as a Long</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>
+    In addition to setting these parameters it is necessary to set the content-length header.
+    Tomcat will not do that for you, since you may have already written data to the output stream.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Note that the use of sendfile will disable any compression that Tomcat may
+    otherwise have performed on the response.
+  </p>
+
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/annotationapi/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/annotationapi/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edf5028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/annotationapi/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>API docs</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+The Annotation API Javadoc is not installed by default. Download and install
+the "fulldocs" package to get it.
+
+You can also access the javadoc online in the Tomcat
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/">
+    documentation bundle</a>.
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/api/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/api/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6397d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/api/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>API docs</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+Tomcat's internal javadoc is not installed by default. Download and install
+the "fulldocs" package to get it.
+
+You can also access the javadoc online in the Tomcat
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/">
+documentation bundle</a>.
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/build.xml.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/build.xml.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a75afe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/build.xml.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<!--
+     General purpose build script for web applications and web services,
+     including enhanced support for deploying directly to a Tomcat
+     based server.
+
+     This build script assumes that the source code of your web application
+     is organized into the following subdirectories underneath the source
+     code directory from which you execute the build script:
+
+        docs                 Static documentation files to be copied to
+                             the "docs" subdirectory of your distribution.
+
+        src                  Java source code (and associated resource files)
+                             to be compiled to the "WEB-INF/classes"
+                             subdirectory of your web application.
+
+        web                  Static HTML, JSP, and other content (such as
+                             image files), including the WEB-INF subdirectory
+                             and its configuration file contents.
+-->
+
+
+<!-- A "project" describes a set of targets that may be requested
+     when Ant is executed.  The "default" attribute defines the
+     target which is executed if no specific target is requested,
+     and the "basedir" attribute defines the current working directory
+     from which Ant executes the requested task.  This is normally
+     set to the current working directory.
+-->
+
+<project name="My Project" default="compile" basedir=".">
+
+
+
+<!-- ===================== Property Definitions =========================== -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  Each of the following properties are used in the build script.
+  Values for these properties are set by the first place they are
+  defined, from the following list:
+
+  * Definitions on the "ant" command line (ant -Dfoo=bar compile).
+
+  * Definitions from a "build.properties" file in the top level
+    source directory of this application.
+
+  * Definitions from a "build.properties" file in the developer's
+    home directory.
+
+  * Default definitions in this build.xml file.
+
+  You will note below that property values can be composed based on the
+  contents of previously defined properties.  This is a powerful technique
+  that helps you minimize the number of changes required when your development
+  environment is modified.  Note that property composition is allowed within
+  "build.properties" files as well as in the "build.xml" script.
+
+-->
+
+  <property file="build.properties"/>
+  <property file="${user.home}/build.properties"/>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== File and Directory Names ======================== -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  These properties generally define file and directory names (or paths) that
+  affect where the build process stores its outputs.
+
+  app.name             Base name of this application, used to
+                       construct filenames and directories.
+                       Defaults to "myapp".
+
+  app.path             Context path to which this application should be
+                       deployed (defaults to "/" plus the value of the
+                       "app.name" property).
+
+  app.version          Version number of this iteration of the application.
+
+  build.home           The directory into which the "prepare" and
+                       "compile" targets will generate their output.
+                       Defaults to "build".
+
+  catalina.home        The directory in which you have installed
+                       a binary distribution of Tomcat.  This will
+                       be used by the "deploy" target.
+
+  dist.home            The name of the base directory in which
+                       distribution files are created.
+                       Defaults to "dist".
+
+  manager.password     The login password of a user that is assigned the
+                       "manager-script" role (so that they can execute
+                       commands via the "/manager" web application)
+
+  manager.url          The URL of the "/manager" web application on the
+                       Tomcat installation to which we will deploy web
+                       applications and web services.
+
+  manager.username     The login username of a user that is assigned the
+                       "manager-script" role (so that they can execute
+                       commands via the "/manager" web application)
+
+-->
+
+  <property name="app.name"      value="myapp"/>
+  <property name="app.path"      value="/${app.name}"/>
+  <property name="app.version"   value="0.1-dev"/>
+  <property name="build.home"    value="${basedir}/build"/>
+  <property name="catalina.home" value="../../../.."/> <!-- UPDATE THIS! -->
+  <property name="dist.home"     value="${basedir}/dist"/>
+  <property name="docs.home"     value="${basedir}/docs"/>
+  <property name="manager.url"   value="http://localhost:8080/manager/text"/>
+  <property name="src.home"      value="${basedir}/src"/>
+  <property name="web.home"      value="${basedir}/web"/>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== External Dependencies =========================== -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  Use property values to define the locations of external JAR files on which
+  your application will depend.  In general, these values will be used for
+  two purposes:
+  * Inclusion on the classpath that is passed to the Javac compiler
+  * Being copied into the "/WEB-INF/lib" directory during execution
+    of the "deploy" target.
+
+  Because we will automatically include all of the Java classes that Tomcat
+  exposes to web applications, we will not need to explicitly list any of those
+  dependencies.  You only need to worry about external dependencies for JAR
+  files that you are going to include inside your "/WEB-INF/lib" directory.
+
+-->
+
+<!-- Dummy external dependency -->
+<!--
+  <property name="foo.jar"
+           value="/path/to/foo.jar"/>
+-->
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Compilation Classpath =========================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  Rather than relying on the CLASSPATH environment variable, Ant includes
+  features that makes it easy to dynamically construct the classpath you
+  need for each compilation.  The example below constructs the compile
+  classpath to include the servlet.jar file, as well as the other components
+  that Tomcat makes available to web applications automatically, plus anything
+  that you explicitly added.
+
+-->
+
+  <path id="compile.classpath">
+
+    <!-- Include all JAR files that will be included in /WEB-INF/lib -->
+    <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** -->
+<!--
+    <pathelement location="${foo.jar}"/>
+-->
+
+    <!-- Include all elements that Tomcat exposes to applications -->
+    <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/bin">
+      <include name="*.jar"/>
+    </fileset>
+    <pathelement location="${catalina.home}/lib"/>
+    <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/lib">
+      <include name="*.jar"/>
+    </fileset>
+
+  </path>
+
+
+
+<!-- ================== Custom Ant Task Definitions ======================= -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  These properties define custom tasks for the Ant build tool that interact
+  with the "/manager" web application installed with Tomcat.  Before they
+  can be successfully utilized, you must perform the following steps:
+
+  - Copy the file "lib/catalina-ant.jar" from your Tomcat
+    installation into the "lib" directory of your Ant installation.
+
+  - Create a "build.properties" file in your application's top-level
+    source directory (or your user login home directory) that defines
+    appropriate values for the "manager.password", "manager.url", and
+    "manager.username" properties described above.
+
+  For more information about the Manager web application, and the functionality
+  of these tasks, see <http://localhost:8080/tomcat-docs/manager-howto.html>.
+
+-->
+
+  <taskdef resource="org/apache/catalina/ant/catalina.tasks"
+           classpathref="compile.classpath"/>
+
+
+<!--  ==================== Compilation Control Options ==================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  These properties control option settings on the Javac compiler when it
+  is invoked using the <javac> task.
+
+  compile.debug        Should compilation include the debug option?
+
+  compile.deprecation  Should compilation include the deprecation option?
+
+-->
+
+  <property name="compile.debug"       value="true"/>
+  <property name="compile.deprecation" value="false"/>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== All Target ====================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "all" target is a shortcut for running the "clean" target followed
+  by the "compile" target, to force a complete recompile.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="all" depends="clean,compile"
+   description="Clean build and dist directories, then compile"/>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Clean Target ==================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "clean" target deletes any previous "build" and "dist" directory,
+  so that you can be ensured the application can be built from scratch.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="clean"
+   description="Delete old build and dist directories">
+    <delete dir="${build.home}"/>
+    <delete dir="${dist.home}"/>
+  </target>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Compile Target ================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "compile" target transforms source files (from your "src" directory)
+  into object files in the appropriate location in the build directory.
+  This example assumes that you will be including your classes in an
+  unpacked directory hierarchy under "/WEB-INF/classes".
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="compile" depends="prepare"
+   description="Compile Java sources">
+
+    <!-- Compile Java classes as necessary -->
+    <mkdir    dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
+    <javac srcdir="${src.home}"
+          destdir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"
+            debug="${compile.debug}"
+      deprecation="${compile.deprecation}">
+        <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/>
+    </javac>
+
+    <!-- Copy application resources -->
+    <copy  todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes">
+      <fileset dir="${src.home}" excludes="**/*.java"/>
+    </copy>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Dist Target ===================================== -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  The "dist" target creates a binary distribution of your application
+  in a directory structure ready to be archived in a tar.gz or zip file.
+  Note that this target depends on two others:
+
+  * "compile" so that the entire web application (including external
+    dependencies) will have been assembled
+
+  * "javadoc" so that the application Javadocs will have been created
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="dist" depends="compile,javadoc"
+   description="Create binary distribution">
+
+    <!-- Copy documentation subdirectories -->
+    <mkdir   dir="${dist.home}/docs"/>
+    <copy    todir="${dist.home}/docs">
+      <fileset dir="${docs.home}"/>
+    </copy>
+
+    <!-- Create application JAR file -->
+    <jar jarfile="${dist.home}/${app.name}-${app.version}.war"
+         basedir="${build.home}"/>
+
+    <!-- Copy additional files to ${dist.home} as necessary -->
+
+  </target>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Install Target ================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "install" target tells the specified Tomcat installation to dynamically
+  install this web application and make it available for execution.  It does
+  *not* cause the existence of this web application to be remembered across
+  Tomcat restarts; if you restart the server, you will need to re-install all
+  this web application.
+
+  If you have already installed this application, and simply want Tomcat to
+  recognize that you have updated Java classes (or the web.xml file), use the
+  "reload" target instead.
+
+  NOTE:  This target will only succeed if it is run from the same server that
+  Tomcat is running on.
+
+  NOTE:  This is the logical opposite of the "remove" target.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="install" depends="compile"
+   description="Install application to servlet container">
+
+    <deploy url="${manager.url}"
+       username="${manager.username}"
+       password="${manager.password}"
+           path="${app.path}"
+       localWar="file://${build.home}"/>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Javadoc Target ================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "javadoc" target creates Javadoc API documentation for the Java
+  classes included in your application.  Normally, this is only required
+  when preparing a distribution release, but is available as a separate
+  target in case the developer wants to create Javadocs independently.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="javadoc" depends="compile"
+   description="Create Javadoc API documentation">
+
+    <mkdir          dir="${dist.home}/docs/api"/>
+    <javadoc sourcepath="${src.home}"
+                destdir="${dist.home}/docs/api"
+           packagenames="*">
+      <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/>
+    </javadoc>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+
+<!-- ====================== List Target =================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "list" target asks the specified Tomcat installation to list the
+  currently running web applications, either loaded at startup time or
+  installed dynamically.  It is useful to determine whether or not the
+  application you are currently developing has been installed.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="list"
+   description="List installed applications on servlet container">
+
+    <list    url="${manager.url}"
+        username="${manager.username}"
+        password="${manager.password}"/>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Prepare Target ================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "prepare" target is used to create the "build" destination directory,
+  and copy the static contents of your web application to it.  If you need
+  to copy static files from external dependencies, you can customize the
+  contents of this task.
+
+  Normally, this task is executed indirectly when needed.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="prepare">
+
+    <!-- Create build directories as needed -->
+    <mkdir  dir="${build.home}"/>
+    <mkdir  dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF"/>
+    <mkdir  dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
+
+
+    <!-- Copy static content of this web application -->
+    <copy todir="${build.home}">
+      <fileset dir="${web.home}"/>
+    </copy>
+
+    <!-- Copy external dependencies as required -->
+    <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** -->
+    <mkdir  dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib"/>
+<!--
+    <copy todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib" file="${foo.jar}"/>
+-->
+
+    <!-- Copy static files from external dependencies as needed -->
+    <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** -->
+
+  </target>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Reload Target =================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "reload" signals the specified application Tomcat to shut itself down
+  and reload. This can be useful when the web application context is not
+  reloadable and you have updated classes or property files in the
+  /WEB-INF/classes directory or when you have added or updated jar files in the
+  /WEB-INF/lib directory.
+
+  NOTE: The /WEB-INF/web.xml web application configuration file is not reread
+  on a reload. If you have made changes to your web.xml file you must stop
+  then start the web application.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="reload" depends="compile"
+   description="Reload application on servlet container">
+
+    <reload url="${manager.url}"
+       username="${manager.username}"
+       password="${manager.password}"
+           path="${app.path}"/>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Remove Target =================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "remove" target tells the specified Tomcat installation to dynamically
+  remove this web application from service.
+
+  NOTE:  This is the logical opposite of the "install" target.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="remove"
+   description="Remove application on servlet container">
+
+    <undeploy url="${manager.url}"
+         username="${manager.username}"
+         password="${manager.password}"
+             path="${app.path}"/>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+</project>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/deployment.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/deployment.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e22c50a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/deployment.html
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Application Developer's Guide (9.0.75) - Deployment</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Application Developer's Guide</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">App Dev Guide Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="installation.html">Installation</a></li><li><a href="deployment.html">Deployment</a></li><li><a href="source.html">Source Code</a></li><li><a href="processes.html">Processes</a></li><li><a href="sample/">Example App</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Deployment</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Background">Background</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Directory_Layout">Standard Directory Layout</a></li><li><a href="#Shared_Library_Files">Shared Library Files</a></li><li><a href="#Web_Application_Deployment_Descriptor">Web Application Deployment Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_Context_Descriptor">Tomcat Context Descriptor</a></li><li><a href="#Deployment_With_Tomcat">Deployment With Tomcat</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Before describing how to organize your source code directories,
+it is useful to examine the runtime organization of a web application.
+Prior to the Servlet API Specification, version 2.2, there was little
+consistency between server platforms.  However, servers that conform
+to the 2.2 (or later) specification are required to accept a
+<em>Web Application Archive</em> in a standard format, which is discussed
+further below.</p>
+
+<p>A web application is defined as a hierarchy of directories and files
+in a standard layout.  Such a hierarchy can be accessed in its "unpacked"
+form, where each directory and file exists in the filesystem separately,
+or in a "packed" form known as a Web ARchive, or WAR file.  The former format
+is more useful during development, while the latter is used when you
+distribute your application to be installed.</p>
+
+<p>The top-level directory of your web application hierarchy is also the
+<em>document root</em> of your application.  Here, you will place the HTML
+files and JSP pages that comprise your application's user interface.  When the
+system administrator deploys your application into a particular server, they
+assign a <em>context path</em> to your application (a later section
+of this manual describes deployment on Tomcat).  Thus, if the
+system administrator assigns your application to the context path
+<code>/catalog</code>, then a request URI referring to
+<code>/catalog/index.html</code> will retrieve the <code>index.html</code>
+file from your document root.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Standard_Directory_Layout">Standard Directory Layout</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>To facilitate creation of a Web Application Archive file in the required
+format, it is convenient to arrange the "executable" files of your web
+application (that is, the files that Tomcat actually uses when executing
+your app) in the same organization as required by the WAR format itself.
+To do this, you will end up with the following contents in your
+application's "document root" directory:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>*.html, *.jsp, etc.</strong> - The HTML and JSP pages, along
+    with other files that must be visible to the client browser (such as
+    JavaScript, stylesheet files, and images) for your application.
+    In larger applications you may choose to divide these files into
+    a subdirectory hierarchy, but for smaller apps, it is generally
+    much simpler to maintain only a single directory for these files.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>/WEB-INF/web.xml</strong> - The <em>Web Application Deployment
+    Descriptor</em> for your application.  This is an XML file describing
+    the servlets and other components that make up your application,
+    along with any initialization parameters and container-managed
+    security constraints that you want the server to enforce for you.
+    This file is discussed in more detail in the following subsection.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>/WEB-INF/classes/</strong> - This directory contains any Java
+    class files (and associated resources) required for your application,
+    including both servlet and non-servlet classes, that are not combined
+    into JAR files.  If your classes are organized into Java packages,
+    you must reflect this in the directory hierarchy under
+    <code>/WEB-INF/classes/</code>.  For example, a Java class named
+    <code>com.mycompany.mypackage.MyServlet</code>
+    would need to be stored in a file named
+    <code>/WEB-INF/classes/com/mycompany/mypackage/MyServlet.class</code>.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>/WEB-INF/lib/</strong> - This directory contains JAR files that
+    contain Java class files (and associated resources) required for your
+    application, such as third party class libraries or JDBC drivers.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>When you install an application into Tomcat (or any other 2.2 or later
+Servlet container), the classes in the <code>WEB-INF/classes/</code>
+directory, as well as all classes in JAR files found in the
+<code>WEB-INF/lib/</code> directory, are made visible to other classes
+within your particular web application.  Thus, if
+you include all of the required library classes in one of these places (be
+sure to check licenses for redistribution rights for any third party libraries
+you utilize), you will simplify the installation of your web application --
+no adjustment to the system class path (or installation of global library
+files in your server) will be necessary.</p>
+
+<p>Much of this information was extracted from Chapter 9 of the Servlet
+API Specification, version 2.3, which you should consult for more details.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Shared_Library_Files">Shared Library Files</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Like most servlet containers, Tomcat also supports mechanisms to install
+library JAR files (or unpacked classes) once, and make them visible to all
+installed web applications (without having to be included inside the web
+application itself).  The details of how Tomcat locates and shares such
+classes are described in the
+<a href="../class-loader-howto.html">Class Loader How-To</a> documentation.
+The location commonly used within a Tomcat installation for shared code is
+<strong>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</strong>. JAR files placed here are visible both to
+web applications and internal Tomcat code. This is a good place to put JDBC
+drivers that are required for both your application or internal Tomcat use
+(such as for a DataSourceRealm).</p>
+
+<p>Out of the box, a standard Tomcat installation includes a variety
+of pre-installed shared library files, including:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The <em>Servlet 4.0</em> and <em>JSP 2.3</em> APIs that are fundamental
+    to writing servlets and JavaServer Pages.<br><br></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Web_Application_Deployment_Descriptor">Web Application Deployment Descriptor</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>As mentioned above, the <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file contains the
+Web Application Deployment Descriptor for your application.  As the filename
+extension implies, this file is an XML document, and defines everything about
+your application that a server needs to know (except the <em>context path</em>,
+which is assigned by the system administrator when the application is
+deployed).</p>
+
+<p>The complete syntax and semantics for the deployment descriptor is defined
+in Chapter 13 of the Servlet API Specification, version 2.3.  Over time, it
+is expected that development tools will be provided that create and edit the
+deployment descriptor for you.  In the meantime, to provide a starting point,
+a <a href="web.xml.txt" target="_blank">basic web.xml file</a>
+is provided.  This file includes comments that describe the purpose of each
+included element.</p>
+
+<p><strong>NOTE</strong> - The Servlet Specification includes a Document
+Type Descriptor (DTD) for the web application deployment descriptor, and
+Tomcat enforces the rules defined here when processing your application's
+<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file.  In particular, you <strong>must</strong>
+enter your descriptor elements (such as <code>&lt;filter&gt;</code>,
+<code>&lt;servlet&gt;</code>, and <code>&lt;servlet-mapping&gt;</code> in
+the order defined by the DTD (see Section 13.3).</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_Context_Descriptor">Tomcat Context Descriptor</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>A /META-INF/context.xml file can be used to define Tomcat specific
+configuration options, such as an access log, data sources, session manager
+configuration and more. This XML file must contain one Context element, which
+will be considered as if it was the child of the Host element corresponding
+to the Host to which the web application is being deployed. The
+<a href="../config/context.html">Tomcat configuration documentation</a> contains
+information on the Context element.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Deployment_With_Tomcat">Deployment With Tomcat</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+<p>In order to be executed, a web application must be deployed on
+a servlet container.  This is true even during development.
+We will describe using Tomcat to provide the execution environment.
+A web application can be deployed in Tomcat by one of the following
+approaches:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Copy unpacked directory hierarchy into a subdirectory in directory
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/webapps/</code></em>.  Tomcat will assign a
+    context path to your application based on the subdirectory name you
+    choose.  We will use this technique in the <code>build.xml</code>
+    file that we construct, because it is the quickest and easiest approach
+    during development.  Be sure to restart Tomcat after installing or
+    updating your application.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><em>Copy the web application archive file into directory
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/webapps/</code></em>.  When Tomcat is started, it will
+    automatically expand the web application archive file into its unpacked
+    form, and execute the application that way.  This approach would typically
+    be used to install an additional application, provided by a third party
+    vendor or by your internal development staff, into an existing
+    Tomcat installation.  <strong>NOTE</strong> - If you use this approach,
+    and wish to update your application later, you must both replace the
+    web application archive file <strong>AND</strong> delete the expanded
+    directory that Tomcat created, and then restart Tomcat, in order to reflect
+    your changes.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><em>Use the Tomcat "Manager" web application to deploy and undeploy
+    web applications</em>.  Tomcat includes a web application, deployed
+    by default on context path <code>/manager</code>, that allows you to
+    deploy and undeploy applications on a running Tomcat server without
+    restarting it. See <a href="../manager-howto.html">Manager App How-To</a>
+    for more information on using the Manager web application.<br><br></li>
+<li><em>Use "Manager" Ant Tasks In Your Build Script</em>.  Tomcat
+    includes a set of custom task definitions for the <code>Ant</code>
+    build tool that allow you to automate the execution of commands to the
+    "Manager" web application.  These tasks are used in the Tomcat deployer.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><em>Use the Tomcat Deployer</em>.  Tomcat includes a packaged tool
+    bundling the Ant tasks, and can be used to automatically precompile JSPs
+    which are part of the web application before deployment to the server.
+    <br><br></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Deploying your app on other servlet containers will be specific to each
+container, but all containers compatible with the Servlet API Specification
+(version 2.2 or later) are required to accept a web application archive file.
+Note that other containers are <strong>NOT</strong> required to accept an
+unpacked directory structure (as Tomcat does), or to provide mechanisms for
+shared library files, but these features are commonly available.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/index.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Application Developer's Guide (9.0.75) - Table of Contents</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Application Developer's Guide</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">App Dev Guide Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="installation.html">Installation</a></li><li><a href="deployment.html">Deployment</a></li><li><a href="source.html">Source Code</a></li><li><a href="processes.html">Processes</a></li><li><a href="sample/">Example App</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Table of Contents</h2><h3 id="Preface">Preface</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>This manual includes contributions from many members of the Tomcat Project
+developer community.  The following authors have provided significant content:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Craig R. McClanahan
+    (<a href="mailto:craigmcc@apache.org">craigmcc@apache.org</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The information presented is divided into the following sections:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="introduction.html"><strong>Introduction</strong></a> -
+    Briefly describes the information covered here, with
+    links and references to other sources of information.</li>
+<li><a href="installation.html"><strong>Installation</strong></a> -
+    Covers acquiring and installing the required software
+    components to use Tomcat for web application development.</li>
+<li><a href="deployment.html"><strong>Deployment Organization</strong></a> -
+    Discusses the standard directory layout for a web application
+    (defined in the Servlet API Specification), the Web Application
+    Deployment Descriptor, and options for integration with Tomcat
+    in your development environment.</li>
+<li><a href="source.html"><strong>Source Organization</strong></a> -
+    Describes a useful approach to organizing the source code
+    directories for your project, and introduces the
+    <code>build.xml</code> used by Ant to manage compilation.</li>
+<li><a href="processes.html"><strong>Development Processes</strong></a> -
+    Provides brief descriptions of typical development processes
+    utilizing the recommended deployment and source organizations.</li>
+<li><a href="sample/" target="_blank"><strong>Example Application</strong></a> -
+    This directory contains a very simple, but functionally complete,
+    "Hello, World" application built according to the principles
+    described in this manual.  You can use this application to
+    practice using the described techniques.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/installation.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/installation.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Application Developer's Guide (9.0.75) - Installation</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Application Developer's Guide</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">App Dev Guide Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="installation.html">Installation</a></li><li><a href="deployment.html">Deployment</a></li><li><a href="source.html">Source Code</a></li><li><a href="processes.html">Processes</a></li><li><a href="sample/">Example App</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Installation</h2><h3 id="Installation">Installation</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>In order to use Tomcat for developing web applications, you must first
+install it (and the software it depends on).  The required steps are outlined
+in the following subsections.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JDK">JDK</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Tomcat 9.0 was designed to run on Java SE 8 or later.
+</p>
+
+<p>Compatible JDKs for many platforms (or links to where they can be found)
+are available at
+<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html</a>.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat">Tomcat</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Binary downloads of the <strong>Tomcat</strong> server are available from
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/">https://tomcat.apache.org/</a>.
+This manual assumes you are using the most recent release
+of Tomcat 9.  Detailed instructions for downloading and installing
+Tomcat are available <a href="../setup.html">here</a>.</p>
+
+<p>In the remainder of this manual, example shell scripts assume that you have
+set an environment variable <code>CATALINA_HOME</code> that contains the
+pathname to the directory in which Tomcat has been installed. Optionally, if
+Tomcat has been configured for multiple instances, each instance will have its
+own <code>CATALINA_BASE</code> configured.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Ant">Ant</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Binary downloads of the <strong>Ant</strong> build tool are available from
+<a href="https://ant.apache.org/">https://ant.apache.org/</a>.
+This manual assumes you are using Ant 1.8 or later.  The instructions may
+also be compatible with other versions, but this has not been tested.</p>
+
+<p>Download and install Ant.
+Then, add the <code>bin</code> directory of the Ant distribution to your
+<code>PATH</code> environment variable, following the standard practices for
+your operating system platform.  Once you have done this, you will be able to
+execute the <code>ant</code> shell command directly.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Source_Code_Control">Source Code Control</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Besides the required tools described above, you are strongly encouraged
+to download and install a <em>source code control</em> system, such as Git,
+Subversion, CVS or one of the many alternatives. You will need appropriate
+client tools to check out source code files, and check in modified versions and,
+depending on the tool and hosting option you choose, you may need to obtain and
+install server software or sign up for an account with a cloud provider.</p>
+
+<p>Detailed instructions for installing and using source code control
+applications is beyond the scope of this manual.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Application Developer's Guide (9.0.75) - Introduction</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Application Developer's Guide</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">App Dev Guide Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="installation.html">Installation</a></li><li><a href="deployment.html">Deployment</a></li><li><a href="source.html">Source Code</a></li><li><a href="processes.html">Processes</a></li><li><a href="sample/">Example App</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Introduction</h2><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Congratulations!  You've decided to (or been told to) learn how to
+build web applications using servlets and JSP pages, and picked the
+Tomcat server to use for your learning and development.  But now what
+do you do?</p>
+
+<p>This manual is a primer covering the basic steps of using Tomcat to
+set up a development environment, organize your source code, and then
+build and test your application.  It does not discuss architectures or
+recommended coding practices for web application development,
+or provide in depth instructions on operating the development
+tools that are discussed.  References to sources of additional information
+are included in the following subsections.</p>
+
+<p>The discussion in this manual is aimed at developers who will be using
+a text editor along with command line tools to develop and debug their
+applications.  As such, the recommendations are fairly generic &ndash; but you
+should easily be able to apply them in either a Windows-based or Unix-based
+development environment.  If you are utilizing an Integrated Development
+Environment (IDE) tool, you will need to adapt the advice given here to
+the details of your particular environment.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Links">Links</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The following links provide access to selected sources of online
+information, documentation, and software that is useful in developing
+web applications with Tomcat.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr245/index2.html">https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr245/index2.html</a> -
+    <i>JavaServer Pages (JSP) Specification, Version 2.3</i>.  Describes
+    the programming environment provided by standard implementations
+    of the JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology.  In conjunction with
+    the Servlet API Specification (see below), this document describes
+    what a portable API page is allowed to contain.  Specific
+    information on scripting (Chapter 9), tag extensions (Chapter 7),
+    and packaging JSP pages (Appendix A) is useful.  The Javadoc
+    API Documentation is included in the specification, and with the
+    Tomcat download.</p></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr369/index.html">https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr369/index.html</a> -
+    <i>Servlet API Specification, Version 4.0</i>.  Describes the
+    programming environment that must be provided by all servlet
+    containers conforming to this specification.  In particular, you
+    will need this document to understand the web application
+    directory structure and deployment file (Chapter 10), methods of
+    mapping request URIs to servlets (Chapter 12), container managed
+    security (Chapter 13), and the syntax of the <code>web.xml</code>
+    Web Application Deployment Descriptor (Chapter 14).  The Javadoc
+    API Documentation is included in the specification, and with the
+    Tomcat download.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Application Developer's Guide (9.0.75) - Development Processes</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Application Developer's Guide</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">App Dev Guide Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="installation.html">Installation</a></li><li><a href="deployment.html">Deployment</a></li><li><a href="source.html">Source Code</a></li><li><a href="processes.html">Processes</a></li><li><a href="sample/">Example App</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Development Processes</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Development_Processes">Development Processes</a><ol><li><a href="#One-Time_Setup_of_Ant_and_Tomcat_for_Development">One-Time Setup of Ant and Tomcat for Development</a></li><li><a href="#Create_Project_Source_Code_Directory">Create Project Source Code Directory</a></li><li><a href="#Edit_Source_Code_and_Pages">Edit Source Code and Pages</a></li><li><a href="#Build_the_Web_Application">Build the Web Application</a></li><li><a href="#Test_Your_Web_Application">Test Your Web Application</a></li><li><a href="#Creating_a_Release">Creating a Release</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Development_Processes">Development Processes</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Although application development can take many forms, this manual proposes
+a fairly generic process for creating web applications using Tomcat.  The
+following sections highlight the commands and tasks that you, as the developer
+of the code, will perform.  The same basic approach works when you have
+multiple programmers involved, as long as you have an appropriate source code
+control system and internal team rules about who is working on what parts
+of the application at any given time.</p>
+
+<p>The task descriptions below do not assume any particular source code control
+system but simply identify when and what source code control tasks are typically
+performed. You will need to idenitfy the appropriate source code control
+commands for your system.</p>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="One-Time_Setup_of_Ant_and_Tomcat_for_Development">One-Time Setup of Ant and Tomcat for Development</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>In order to take advantage of the special Ant tasks that interact with the
+<em>Manager</em> web application, you need to perform the following tasks
+once (no matter how many web applications you plan to develop).</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><em>Configure the Ant custom tasks</em>.  The implementation code for the
+    Ant custom tasks is in a JAR file named
+    <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib/catalina-ant.jar</code>, which must be
+    copied in to the <code>lib</code> directory of your Ant installation.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p><em>Define one or more Tomcat users</em>.  The <em>Manager</em> web
+    application runs under a security constraint that requires a user to be
+    logged in, and have the security role <code>manager-script</code> assigned
+    to then.  How such users are defined depends on which Realm you have
+    configured in Tomcat's <code>conf/server.xml</code> file -- see the
+    <a href="../realm-howto.html">Realm Configuration How-To</a> for more
+    information.  You may define any number of users (with any username
+    and password that you like) with the <code>manager-script</code> role.
+    </p></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Create_Project_Source_Code_Directory">Create Project Source Code Directory</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>The first step is to create a new project source directory, and customize
+the <code>build.xml</code> and <code>build.properties</code> files you will
+be using.  The directory structure is described in <a href="source.html">the
+previous section</a>, or you can use the
+<a href="sample/">sample application</a> as a starting point.</p>
+
+<p>Create your project source directory, and define it within your source code
+control system. This might be done by a series of commands like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd {my home directory}
+mkdir myapp &lt;-- Assumed "project source directory"
+cd myapp
+mkdir docs
+mkdir src
+mkdir web
+mkdir web/WEB-INF
+cvs or svn or git ... &lt;-- Add this structure to the appropriate repository
+</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>To verify that the project was created correctly in the source code control
+repository, you may wish to check out the project to a separate directory and
+confirm that all the expected contents are present.</p>
+
+<p>Next, you will need to create and check in an initial version of the
+<code>build.xml</code> script to be used for development.  For getting
+started quickly and easily, base your <code>build.xml</code> on the
+<a href="build.xml.txt">basic build.xml file</a>, included with this manual,
+or code it from scratch.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd {my home directory}
+cd myapp
+emacs build.xml     &lt;-- if you want a real editor :-)
+cvs or svn or git ... &lt;-- Add this file to the repository
+</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The next step is to customize the Ant <em>properties</em> that are
+named in the <code>build.xml</code> script.  This is done by creating a
+file named <code>build.properties</code> in your project's top-level
+directory.  The supported properties are listed in the comments inside
+the sample <code>build.xml</code> script.  At a minimum, you will generally
+need to define the <code>catalina.home</code> property defining where
+Tomcat is installed, and the manager application username and password.
+You might end up with something like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code># Context path to install this application on
+app.path=/hello
+
+# Tomcat installation directory
+catalina.home=/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0
+
+# Manager webapp username and password
+manager.username=myusername
+manager.password=mypassword</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>In general, you will <strong>not</strong> want to check the
+<code>build.properties</code> file in to the source code control repository,
+because it is unique to each developer's environment.</p>
+
+<p>Now, create the initial version of the web application deployment
+descriptor.  You can base <code>web.xml</code> on the
+<a href="web.xml.txt">basic web.xml file</a>, or code it from scratch.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd {my home directory}
+cd myapp/web/WEB-INF
+emacs web.xml
+cvs or svn or git ... &lt;-- Add this file to the repository
+</code></pre></div>
+
+Note that this is only an example web.xml file.  The full definition
+of the deployment descriptor file is in the
+<a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet Specification.</a>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Edit_Source_Code_and_Pages">Edit Source Code and Pages</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>The edit/build/test tasks will generally be your most common activities
+during development and maintenance.  The following general principles apply.
+As described in <a href="source.html">Source Organization</a>, newly created
+source files should be located in the appropriate subdirectory, under your
+project source directory.</p>
+
+<p>You should regularly refresh your development directory to reflect the
+work performed by other developers.</p>
+
+<p>To create a new file, go to the appropriate directory and create the file.
+When you are satisfied with its contents (after building and testing is
+successful), add the new file to the repository. For example, to create a new
+JSP page:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd {my home directory}
+cd myapp/web        &lt;-- Ultimate destination is document root
+emacs mypage.jsp
+... build and test the application ...
+cvs or svn or git ... &lt;-- Add this file to the repository
+</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Java source code that is defined in packages must be organized in a directory
+hierarchy (under the <strong>src/</strong> subdirectory) that matches the
+package names.  For example, a Java class named
+<code>com.mycompany.mypackage.MyClass.java</code> should be stored in file
+<code>src/com/mycompany/mypackage/MyClass.java</code>.
+Whenever you create a new file, don't forget to add it to the source code
+control system.</p>
+
+<p>To edit an existing source file, you will generally just start editing
+and testing, then commit the changed file when everything works.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Build_the_Web_Application">Build the Web Application</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>When you are ready to compile the application, issue the following
+commands (generally, you will want a shell window open that is set to
+the project source directory, so that only the last command is needed):</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd {my home directory}
+cd myapp        &lt;-- Normally leave a window open here
+ant</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The Ant tool will be execute the default "compile" target in your
+<code>build.xml</code> file, which will compile any new or updated Java
+code.  If this is the first time you compile after a "build clean",
+it will cause everything to be recompiled.</p>
+
+<p>To force the recompilation of your entire application, do this instead:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd {my home directory}
+cd myapp
+ant all</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>This is a very good habit immediately before checking in changes, to
+make sure that you have not introduced any subtle problems that Javac's
+conditional checking did not catch.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Test_Your_Web_Application">Test Your Web Application</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>To test your application, you will want to install it under Tomcat.  The
+quickest way to do that is to use the custom Ant tasks that are included in
+the sample <code>build.xml</code> script.  Using these commands might follow
+a pattern like this:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><em>Start Tomcat if needed</em>.  If Tomcat is not already running,
+    you will need to start it in the usual way.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p><em>Compile your application</em>.  Use the <code>ant compile</code>
+    command (or just <code>ant</code>, since this is the default).  Make
+    sure that there are no compilation errors.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p><em>Install the application</em>.  Use the <code>ant install</code>
+    command.  This tells Tomcat to immediately start running your app on
+    the context path defined in the <code>app.path</code> build property.
+    Tomcat does <strong>NOT</strong> have to be restarted for this to
+    take effect.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p><em>Test the application</em>.  Using your browser or other testing
+    tools, test the functionality of your application.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p><em>Modify and rebuild as needed</em>.  As you discover that changes
+    are required, make those changes in the original <strong>source</strong>
+    files, not in the output build directory, and re-issue the
+    <code>ant compile</code> command.  This ensures that your changes will be
+    available to be saved (via your chosen source code control system) later on
+    -- the output build directory is deleted and recreated as necessary.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p><em>Reload the application</em>.  Tomcat will recognize changes in
+    JSP pages automatically, but it will continue to use the old versions
+    of any servlet or JavaBean classes until the application is reloaded.
+    You can trigger this by executing the <code>ant reload</code> command.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p><em>Remove the application when you are done</em>.  When you are through
+    working on this application, you can remove it from live execution by
+    running the <code>ant remove</code> command.
+    </p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Do not forget to commit your changes to the source code repository when
+you have completed your testing!</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Creating_a_Release">Creating a Release</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>When you are through adding new functionality, and you've tested everything
+(you DO test, don't you :-), it is time to create the distributable version
+of your web application that can be deployed on the production server.  The
+following general steps are required:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Issue the command <code>ant all</code> from the project source
+    directory, to rebuild everything from scratch one last time.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p>Use the source code control system to tag the current state of the code
+    to create an identifier for all of the source files utilized to create this
+    release.  This allows you to reliably reconstruct a release (from sources)
+    at a later time.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p>Issue the command <code>ant dist</code> to create a distributable
+    web application archive (WAR) file, as well as a JAR file containing
+    the corresponding source code.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p>Package the contents of the <code>dist</code> directory using the
+    <strong>tar</strong> or <strong>zip</strong> utility, according to
+    the standard release procedures used by your organization.
+    </p></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/build.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/build.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a75afe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/build.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<!--
+     General purpose build script for web applications and web services,
+     including enhanced support for deploying directly to a Tomcat
+     based server.
+
+     This build script assumes that the source code of your web application
+     is organized into the following subdirectories underneath the source
+     code directory from which you execute the build script:
+
+        docs                 Static documentation files to be copied to
+                             the "docs" subdirectory of your distribution.
+
+        src                  Java source code (and associated resource files)
+                             to be compiled to the "WEB-INF/classes"
+                             subdirectory of your web application.
+
+        web                  Static HTML, JSP, and other content (such as
+                             image files), including the WEB-INF subdirectory
+                             and its configuration file contents.
+-->
+
+
+<!-- A "project" describes a set of targets that may be requested
+     when Ant is executed.  The "default" attribute defines the
+     target which is executed if no specific target is requested,
+     and the "basedir" attribute defines the current working directory
+     from which Ant executes the requested task.  This is normally
+     set to the current working directory.
+-->
+
+<project name="My Project" default="compile" basedir=".">
+
+
+
+<!-- ===================== Property Definitions =========================== -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  Each of the following properties are used in the build script.
+  Values for these properties are set by the first place they are
+  defined, from the following list:
+
+  * Definitions on the "ant" command line (ant -Dfoo=bar compile).
+
+  * Definitions from a "build.properties" file in the top level
+    source directory of this application.
+
+  * Definitions from a "build.properties" file in the developer's
+    home directory.
+
+  * Default definitions in this build.xml file.
+
+  You will note below that property values can be composed based on the
+  contents of previously defined properties.  This is a powerful technique
+  that helps you minimize the number of changes required when your development
+  environment is modified.  Note that property composition is allowed within
+  "build.properties" files as well as in the "build.xml" script.
+
+-->
+
+  <property file="build.properties"/>
+  <property file="${user.home}/build.properties"/>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== File and Directory Names ======================== -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  These properties generally define file and directory names (or paths) that
+  affect where the build process stores its outputs.
+
+  app.name             Base name of this application, used to
+                       construct filenames and directories.
+                       Defaults to "myapp".
+
+  app.path             Context path to which this application should be
+                       deployed (defaults to "/" plus the value of the
+                       "app.name" property).
+
+  app.version          Version number of this iteration of the application.
+
+  build.home           The directory into which the "prepare" and
+                       "compile" targets will generate their output.
+                       Defaults to "build".
+
+  catalina.home        The directory in which you have installed
+                       a binary distribution of Tomcat.  This will
+                       be used by the "deploy" target.
+
+  dist.home            The name of the base directory in which
+                       distribution files are created.
+                       Defaults to "dist".
+
+  manager.password     The login password of a user that is assigned the
+                       "manager-script" role (so that they can execute
+                       commands via the "/manager" web application)
+
+  manager.url          The URL of the "/manager" web application on the
+                       Tomcat installation to which we will deploy web
+                       applications and web services.
+
+  manager.username     The login username of a user that is assigned the
+                       "manager-script" role (so that they can execute
+                       commands via the "/manager" web application)
+
+-->
+
+  <property name="app.name"      value="myapp"/>
+  <property name="app.path"      value="/${app.name}"/>
+  <property name="app.version"   value="0.1-dev"/>
+  <property name="build.home"    value="${basedir}/build"/>
+  <property name="catalina.home" value="../../../.."/> <!-- UPDATE THIS! -->
+  <property name="dist.home"     value="${basedir}/dist"/>
+  <property name="docs.home"     value="${basedir}/docs"/>
+  <property name="manager.url"   value="http://localhost:8080/manager/text"/>
+  <property name="src.home"      value="${basedir}/src"/>
+  <property name="web.home"      value="${basedir}/web"/>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== External Dependencies =========================== -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  Use property values to define the locations of external JAR files on which
+  your application will depend.  In general, these values will be used for
+  two purposes:
+  * Inclusion on the classpath that is passed to the Javac compiler
+  * Being copied into the "/WEB-INF/lib" directory during execution
+    of the "deploy" target.
+
+  Because we will automatically include all of the Java classes that Tomcat
+  exposes to web applications, we will not need to explicitly list any of those
+  dependencies.  You only need to worry about external dependencies for JAR
+  files that you are going to include inside your "/WEB-INF/lib" directory.
+
+-->
+
+<!-- Dummy external dependency -->
+<!--
+  <property name="foo.jar"
+           value="/path/to/foo.jar"/>
+-->
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Compilation Classpath =========================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  Rather than relying on the CLASSPATH environment variable, Ant includes
+  features that makes it easy to dynamically construct the classpath you
+  need for each compilation.  The example below constructs the compile
+  classpath to include the servlet.jar file, as well as the other components
+  that Tomcat makes available to web applications automatically, plus anything
+  that you explicitly added.
+
+-->
+
+  <path id="compile.classpath">
+
+    <!-- Include all JAR files that will be included in /WEB-INF/lib -->
+    <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** -->
+<!--
+    <pathelement location="${foo.jar}"/>
+-->
+
+    <!-- Include all elements that Tomcat exposes to applications -->
+    <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/bin">
+      <include name="*.jar"/>
+    </fileset>
+    <pathelement location="${catalina.home}/lib"/>
+    <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/lib">
+      <include name="*.jar"/>
+    </fileset>
+
+  </path>
+
+
+
+<!-- ================== Custom Ant Task Definitions ======================= -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  These properties define custom tasks for the Ant build tool that interact
+  with the "/manager" web application installed with Tomcat.  Before they
+  can be successfully utilized, you must perform the following steps:
+
+  - Copy the file "lib/catalina-ant.jar" from your Tomcat
+    installation into the "lib" directory of your Ant installation.
+
+  - Create a "build.properties" file in your application's top-level
+    source directory (or your user login home directory) that defines
+    appropriate values for the "manager.password", "manager.url", and
+    "manager.username" properties described above.
+
+  For more information about the Manager web application, and the functionality
+  of these tasks, see <http://localhost:8080/tomcat-docs/manager-howto.html>.
+
+-->
+
+  <taskdef resource="org/apache/catalina/ant/catalina.tasks"
+           classpathref="compile.classpath"/>
+
+
+<!--  ==================== Compilation Control Options ==================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  These properties control option settings on the Javac compiler when it
+  is invoked using the <javac> task.
+
+  compile.debug        Should compilation include the debug option?
+
+  compile.deprecation  Should compilation include the deprecation option?
+
+-->
+
+  <property name="compile.debug"       value="true"/>
+  <property name="compile.deprecation" value="false"/>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== All Target ====================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "all" target is a shortcut for running the "clean" target followed
+  by the "compile" target, to force a complete recompile.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="all" depends="clean,compile"
+   description="Clean build and dist directories, then compile"/>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Clean Target ==================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "clean" target deletes any previous "build" and "dist" directory,
+  so that you can be ensured the application can be built from scratch.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="clean"
+   description="Delete old build and dist directories">
+    <delete dir="${build.home}"/>
+    <delete dir="${dist.home}"/>
+  </target>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Compile Target ================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "compile" target transforms source files (from your "src" directory)
+  into object files in the appropriate location in the build directory.
+  This example assumes that you will be including your classes in an
+  unpacked directory hierarchy under "/WEB-INF/classes".
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="compile" depends="prepare"
+   description="Compile Java sources">
+
+    <!-- Compile Java classes as necessary -->
+    <mkdir    dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
+    <javac srcdir="${src.home}"
+          destdir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"
+            debug="${compile.debug}"
+      deprecation="${compile.deprecation}">
+        <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/>
+    </javac>
+
+    <!-- Copy application resources -->
+    <copy  todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes">
+      <fileset dir="${src.home}" excludes="**/*.java"/>
+    </copy>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Dist Target ===================================== -->
+
+
+<!--
+
+  The "dist" target creates a binary distribution of your application
+  in a directory structure ready to be archived in a tar.gz or zip file.
+  Note that this target depends on two others:
+
+  * "compile" so that the entire web application (including external
+    dependencies) will have been assembled
+
+  * "javadoc" so that the application Javadocs will have been created
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="dist" depends="compile,javadoc"
+   description="Create binary distribution">
+
+    <!-- Copy documentation subdirectories -->
+    <mkdir   dir="${dist.home}/docs"/>
+    <copy    todir="${dist.home}/docs">
+      <fileset dir="${docs.home}"/>
+    </copy>
+
+    <!-- Create application JAR file -->
+    <jar jarfile="${dist.home}/${app.name}-${app.version}.war"
+         basedir="${build.home}"/>
+
+    <!-- Copy additional files to ${dist.home} as necessary -->
+
+  </target>
+
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Install Target ================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "install" target tells the specified Tomcat installation to dynamically
+  install this web application and make it available for execution.  It does
+  *not* cause the existence of this web application to be remembered across
+  Tomcat restarts; if you restart the server, you will need to re-install all
+  this web application.
+
+  If you have already installed this application, and simply want Tomcat to
+  recognize that you have updated Java classes (or the web.xml file), use the
+  "reload" target instead.
+
+  NOTE:  This target will only succeed if it is run from the same server that
+  Tomcat is running on.
+
+  NOTE:  This is the logical opposite of the "remove" target.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="install" depends="compile"
+   description="Install application to servlet container">
+
+    <deploy url="${manager.url}"
+       username="${manager.username}"
+       password="${manager.password}"
+           path="${app.path}"
+       localWar="file://${build.home}"/>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Javadoc Target ================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "javadoc" target creates Javadoc API documentation for the Java
+  classes included in your application.  Normally, this is only required
+  when preparing a distribution release, but is available as a separate
+  target in case the developer wants to create Javadocs independently.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="javadoc" depends="compile"
+   description="Create Javadoc API documentation">
+
+    <mkdir          dir="${dist.home}/docs/api"/>
+    <javadoc sourcepath="${src.home}"
+                destdir="${dist.home}/docs/api"
+           packagenames="*">
+      <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/>
+    </javadoc>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+
+<!-- ====================== List Target =================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "list" target asks the specified Tomcat installation to list the
+  currently running web applications, either loaded at startup time or
+  installed dynamically.  It is useful to determine whether or not the
+  application you are currently developing has been installed.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="list"
+   description="List installed applications on servlet container">
+
+    <list    url="${manager.url}"
+        username="${manager.username}"
+        password="${manager.password}"/>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Prepare Target ================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "prepare" target is used to create the "build" destination directory,
+  and copy the static contents of your web application to it.  If you need
+  to copy static files from external dependencies, you can customize the
+  contents of this task.
+
+  Normally, this task is executed indirectly when needed.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="prepare">
+
+    <!-- Create build directories as needed -->
+    <mkdir  dir="${build.home}"/>
+    <mkdir  dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF"/>
+    <mkdir  dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
+
+
+    <!-- Copy static content of this web application -->
+    <copy todir="${build.home}">
+      <fileset dir="${web.home}"/>
+    </copy>
+
+    <!-- Copy external dependencies as required -->
+    <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** -->
+    <mkdir  dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib"/>
+<!--
+    <copy todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib" file="${foo.jar}"/>
+-->
+
+    <!-- Copy static files from external dependencies as needed -->
+    <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** -->
+
+  </target>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Reload Target =================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "reload" signals the specified application Tomcat to shut itself down
+  and reload. This can be useful when the web application context is not
+  reloadable and you have updated classes or property files in the
+  /WEB-INF/classes directory or when you have added or updated jar files in the
+  /WEB-INF/lib directory.
+
+  NOTE: The /WEB-INF/web.xml web application configuration file is not reread
+  on a reload. If you have made changes to your web.xml file you must stop
+  then start the web application.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="reload" depends="compile"
+   description="Reload application on servlet container">
+
+    <reload url="${manager.url}"
+       username="${manager.username}"
+       password="${manager.password}"
+           path="${app.path}"/>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+<!-- ==================== Remove Target =================================== -->
+
+<!--
+
+  The "remove" target tells the specified Tomcat installation to dynamically
+  remove this web application from service.
+
+  NOTE:  This is the logical opposite of the "install" target.
+
+-->
+
+  <target name="remove"
+   description="Remove application on servlet container">
+
+    <undeploy url="${manager.url}"
+         username="${manager.username}"
+         password="${manager.password}"
+             path="${app.path}"/>
+
+  </target>
+
+
+</project>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/docs/README.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/docs/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f146b0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/docs/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+
+This is a dummy README file for the sample
+web application.
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..589bd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8" />
+<meta name="author" content="Ben Souther" />
+<title>Sample Application</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h2>Sample Application</h2>
+      <p>
+        The example app has been packaged as a war file and can be downloaded
+        <a href="sample.war">here</a> (Note: make sure your browser doesn't
+        change file extension or append a new one).
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The easiest way to run this application is simply to move the war file
+        to your <b>CATALINA_BASE/webapps</b> directory. A default Tomcat install
+        will automatically expand and deploy the application for you. You can
+        view it with the following URL (assuming that you're running tomcat on
+        port 8080 which is the default):
+        <br />
+        <a href="http://localhost:8080/sample">http://localhost:8080/sample</a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        If you just want to browse the contents, you can unpack the war file
+        with the <b>jar</b> command.
+      </p>
+      <pre>
+        jar -xvf sample.war
+      </pre>
+      <p>
+         Note: <b>CATALINA_BASE</b> is usually the directory in which you
+         unpacked the Tomcat distribution. For more information on
+         <b>CATALINA_HOME</b>, <b>CATALINA_BASE</b> and the difference between
+         them see <b>RUNNING.txt</b> in the directory you unpacked your Tomcat
+         distribution.
+      </p>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/sample.war b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/sample.war
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a127e6
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/sample.war differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/src/mypackage/Hello.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/src/mypackage/Hello.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..190e01c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/src/mypackage/Hello.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package mypackage;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+
+/**
+ * Simple servlet to validate that the Hello, World example can
+ * execute servlets.  In the web application deployment descriptor,
+ * this servlet must be mapped to correspond to the link in the
+ * "index.html" file.
+ *
+ * @author Craig R. McClanahan &lt;Craig.McClanahan@eng.sun.com>
+ */
+
+public final class Hello extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    /**
+     * Respond to a GET request for the content produced by
+     * this servlet.
+     *
+     * @param request The servlet request we are processing
+     * @param response The servlet response we are producing
+     *
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     * @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+      throws IOException, ServletException {
+
+        response.setContentType("text/html");
+        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+        try (PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter()) {
+
+            writer.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
+            writer.println("<head>");
+            writer.println("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\" />");
+            writer.println("<title>Sample Application Servlet Page</title>");
+            writer.println("</head>");
+            writer.println("<body>");
+
+
+            writer.println("<div style=\"float: left; padding: 10px;\">");
+            writer.println("<img src=\"images/tomcat.gif\" alt=\"\" />");
+            writer.println("</div>");
+            writer.println("<h1>Sample Application Servlet</h1>");
+            writer.println("<p>");
+            writer.println("This is the output of a servlet that is part of");
+            writer.println("the Hello, World application.");
+            writer.println("</p>");
+
+            writer.println("</body>");
+            writer.println("</html>");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/WEB-INF/web.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/WEB-INF/web.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8502f99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/WEB-INF/web.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
+                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
+  version="4.0">
+
+    <display-name>Hello, World Application</display-name>
+    <description>
+        This is a simple web application with a source code organization
+        based on the recommendations of the Application Developer's Guide.
+    </description>
+
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>mypackage.Hello</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+</web-app>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd5680a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" pageEncoding="UTF-8" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8" />
+<title>Sample Application JSP Page</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<div style="float: left; padding: 10px;">
+<img src="images/tomcat.gif" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h1>Sample Application JSP Page</h1>
+This is the output of a JSP page that is part of the Hello, World
+application.
+
+
+<%= new String("Hello!") %>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/images/tomcat.gif b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/images/tomcat.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2aa6f8
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/images/tomcat.gif differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c6938a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8" />
+<title>Sample "Hello, World" Application</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<div style="float: left; padding: 10px;">
+<img src="images/tomcat.gif" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h1>Sample "Hello, World" Application</h1>
+<p>This is the home page for a sample application used to illustrate the
+source directory organization of a web application utilizing the principles
+outlined in the Application Developer's Guide.
+
+<p>To prove that they work, you can execute either of the following links:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>To a <a href="hello.jsp">JSP page</a>.</li>
+<li>To a <a href="hello">servlet</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/source.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/source.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66d1543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/source.html
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Application Developer's Guide (9.0.75) - Source Organization</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Application Developer's Guide</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">App Dev Guide Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="installation.html">Installation</a></li><li><a href="deployment.html">Deployment</a></li><li><a href="source.html">Source Code</a></li><li><a href="processes.html">Processes</a></li><li><a href="sample/">Example App</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Source Organization</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Directory_Structure">Directory Structure</a><ol><li><a href="#External_Dependencies">External Dependencies</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Source_Code_Control">Source Code Control</a></li><li><a href="#BUILD.XML_Configuration_File">BUILD.XML Configuration File</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Directory_Structure">Directory Structure</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+<p>A key recommendation of this manual is to separate the directory
+hierarchy containing your source code (described in this section) from
+the directory hierarchy containing your deployable application
+(described in the preceding section).  Maintaining this separation has
+the following advantages:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>The contents of the source directories can be more easily administered,
+    moved, and backed up if the "executable" version of the application
+    is not intermixed.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p>Source code control is easier to manage on directories that contain
+    only source files.
+    </p></li>
+<li><p>The files that make up an installable distribution of your
+    application are much easier to select when the deployment
+    hierarchy is separate.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>As we will see, the <code>ant</code> development tool makes the creation
+and processing of such directory hierarchies nearly painless.</p>
+
+<p>The actual directory and file hierarchy used to contain the source code
+of an application can be pretty much anything you like.  However, the
+following organization has proven to be quite generally applicable, and is
+expected by the example <code>build.xml</code> configuration file that
+is discussed below.  All of these components exist under a top level
+<em>project source directory</em> for your application:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>docs/</strong> - Documentation for your application, in whatever
+    format your development team is using.<br><br></li>
+<li><strong>src/</strong> - Java source files that generate the servlets,
+    beans, and other Java classes that are unique to your application.
+    If your source code is organized in packages (<strong>highly</strong>
+    recommended), the package hierarchy should be reflected as a directory
+    structure underneath this directory.<br><br></li>
+<li><strong>web/</strong> - The static content of your web site (HTML pages,
+    JSP pages, JavaScript files, CSS stylesheet files, and images) that will
+    be accessible to application clients.  This directory will be the
+    <em>document root</em> of your web application, and any subdirectory
+    structure found here will be reflected in the request URIs required to
+    access those files.<br><br></li>
+<li><strong>web/WEB-INF/</strong> - The special configuration files required
+    for your application, including the web application deployment descriptor
+    (<code>web.xml</code>, defined in the
+    <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet Specification</a>),
+    tag library descriptors for custom tag libraries
+    you have created, and other resource files you wish to include within
+    your web application.  Even though this directory appears to be a
+    subdirectory of your <em>document root</em>, the Servlet Specification
+    prohibits serving the contents of this directory (or any file it contains)
+    directly to a client request.  Therefore, this is a good place to store
+    configuration information that is sensitive (such as database connection
+    usernames and passwords), but is required for your application to
+    operate successfully.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>During the development process, two additional directories will be
+created on a temporary basis:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>build/</strong> - When you execute a default build
+    (<code>ant</code>), this directory will contain an exact image
+    of the files in the web application archive for this application.
+    Tomcat allows you to deploy an application in an unpacked
+    directory like this, either by copying it to the
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/webapps</code> directory, or by <em>installing</em>
+    it via the "Manager" web application.  The latter approach is very
+    useful during development, and will be illustrated below.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>dist/</strong> - When you execute the <code>ant dist</code>
+    target, this directory will be created.  It will create an exact image
+    of the binary distribution for your web application, including an license
+    information, documentation, and README files that you have prepared.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note that these two directories should <strong>NOT</strong> be archived in
+your source code control system, because they are deleted and recreated (from
+scratch) as needed during development.  For that reason, you should not edit
+any source files in these directories if you want to maintain a permanent
+record of the changes, because the changes will be lost the next time that a
+build is performed.</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="External_Dependencies">External Dependencies</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>What do you do if your application requires JAR files (or other
+  resources) from external projects or packages?  A common example is that
+  you need to include a JDBC driver in your web application, in order to
+  operate.</p>
+
+  <p>Different developers take different approaches to this problem.
+  Some will encourage checking a copy of the JAR files you depend on into
+  the source code control archives for every application that requires those
+  JAR files.  However, this can cause significant management issues when you
+  use the same JAR in many applications - particular when faced with a need
+  to upgrade to a different version of that JAR file.</p>
+
+  <p>Therefore, this manual recommends that you <strong>NOT</strong> store
+  a copy of the packages you depend on inside the source control archives
+  of your applications.  Instead, the external dependencies should be
+  integrated as part of the process of <strong>building</strong> your
+  application.  In that way, you can always pick up the appropriate version
+  of the JAR files from wherever your development system administrator has
+  installed them, without having to worry about updating your application
+  every time the version of the dependent JAR file is changed.</p>
+
+  <p>In the example Ant <code>build.xml</code> file, we will demonstrate
+  how to define <em>build properties</em> that let you configure the locations
+  of the files to be copied, without having to modify <code>build.xml</code>
+  when these files change.  The build properties used by a particular
+  developer can be customized on a per-application basis, or defaulted to
+  "standard" build properties stored in the developer's home directory.</p>
+
+  <p>In many cases, your development system administrator will have already
+  installed the required JAR files into the <code>lib</code> directory of Tomcat.
+  If this has been done, you need
+  to take no actions at all - the example <code>build.xml</code> file
+  automatically constructs a compile classpath that includes these files.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Source_Code_Control">Source Code Control</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>As mentioned earlier, it is highly recommended that you place all of the
+source files that comprise your application under the management of a
+source code control system.  If you elect to do this, every directory and file
+in the source hierarchy should be registered and saved -- but none of the
+generated files.  If you register binary format files (such as images or JAR
+libraries), be sure to indicate this to your source code control system.</p>
+
+<p>We recommended (in the previous section) that you should not store the
+contents of the <code>build/</code> and <code>dist/</code> directories
+created by your development process in the source code control system. Source
+code control systems typically provide mechanisms to ignore these directories
+(Git uses a <code>.gitignore</code> file, Subversion uses the
+<code>svn:ignore</code> property, CVS uses a <code>.cvsignore</code> file, etc.)
+You should configure your source code control system to ignore:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>build</li>
+  <li>dist</li>
+  <li>build.properties</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The reason for mentioning <code>build.properties</code> here will be
+explained in the <a href="processes.html">Processes</a> section.</p>
+
+<p>Detailed instructions for your source code control environment are beyond
+the scope of this manual.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="BUILD.XML_Configuration_File">BUILD.XML Configuration File</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>We will be using the <strong>ant</strong> tool to manage the compilation of
+our Java source code files, and creation of the deployment hierarchy.  Ant
+operates under the control of a build file, normally called
+<code>build.xml</code>, that defines the processing steps required.  This
+file is stored in the top-level directory of your source code hierarchy, and
+should be checked in to your source code control system.</p>
+
+<p>Like a Makefile, the <code>build.xml</code> file provides several
+"targets" that support optional development activities (such as creating
+the associated Javadoc documentation, erasing the deployment home directory
+so you can build your project from scratch, or creating the web application
+archive file so you can distribute your application.  A well-constructed
+<code>build.xml</code> file will contain internal documentation describing
+the targets that are designed for use by the developer, versus those targets
+used internally.  To ask Ant to display the project documentation, change to
+the directory containing the <code>build.xml</code> file and type:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>ant -projecthelp</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>To give you a head start, a <a href="build.xml.txt">basic build.xml file</a>
+is provided that you can customize and install in the project source directory
+for your application.  This file includes comments that describe the various
+targets that can be executed.  Briefly, the following targets are generally
+provided:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>clean</strong> - This target deletes any existing
+    <code>build</code> and <code>dist</code> directories, so that they
+    can be reconstructed from scratch.  This allows you to guarantee that
+    you have not made source code modifications that will result in
+    problems at runtime due to not recompiling all affected classes.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>compile</strong> - This target is used to compile any source code
+    that has been changed since the last time compilation took place.  The
+    resulting class files are created in the <code>WEB-INF/classes</code>
+    subdirectory of your <code>build</code> directory, exactly where the
+    structure of a web application requires them to be.  Because
+    this command is executed so often during development, it is normally
+    made the "default" target so that a simple <code>ant</code> command will
+    execute it.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>all</strong> - This target is a short cut for running the
+    <code>clean</code> target, followed by the <code>compile</code> target.
+    Thus, it guarantees that you will recompile the entire application, to
+    ensure that you have not unknowingly introduced any incompatible changes.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>javadoc</strong> - This target creates Javadoc API documentation
+    for the Java classes in this web application.  The example
+    <code>build.xml</code> file assumes you want to include the API
+    documentation with your app distribution, so it generates the docs
+    in a subdirectory of the <code>dist</code> directory.  Because you normally
+    do not need to generate the Javadocs on every compilation, this target is
+    usually a dependency of the <code>dist</code> target, but not of the
+    <code>compile</code> target.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>dist</strong> - This target creates a distribution directory for
+    your application, including any required documentation, the Javadocs for
+    your Java classes, and a web application archive (WAR) file that will be
+    delivered to system administrators who wish to install your application.
+    Because this target also depends on the <code>deploy</code> target, the
+    web application archive will have also picked up any external dependencies
+    that were included at deployment time.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For interactive development and testing of your web application using
+Tomcat, the following additional targets are defined:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>install</strong> - Tell the currently running Tomcat to make
+    the application you are developing immediately available for execution
+    and testing.  This action does not require Tomcat to be restarted, but
+    it is also not remembered after Tomcat is restarted the next time.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>reload</strong> - Once the application is installed, you can
+    continue to make changes and recompile using the <code>compile</code>
+    target.  Tomcat will automatically recognize changes made to JSP pages,
+    but not to servlet or JavaBean classes - this command will tell Tomcat
+    to restart the currently installed application so that such changes are
+    recognized.
+    <br><br></li>
+<li><strong>remove</strong> - When you have completed your development and
+    testing activities, you can optionally tell Tomcat to remove this
+    application from service.
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Using the development and testing targets requires some additional
+one-time setup that is described on the next page.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/web.xml.txt b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/web.xml.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f07916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/appdev/web.xml.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<!DOCTYPE web-app
+    PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
+    "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
+
+<web-app>
+
+
+    <!-- General description of your web application -->
+
+    <display-name>My Web Application</display-name>
+    <description>
+      This is version X.X of an application to perform
+      a wild and wonderful task, based on servlets and
+      JSP pages.  It was written by Dave Developer
+      (dave@mycompany.com), who should be contacted for
+      more information.
+    </description>
+
+
+    <!-- Context initialization parameters that define shared
+         String constants used within your application, which
+         can be customized by the system administrator who is
+         installing your application.  The values actually
+         assigned to these parameters can be retrieved in a
+         servlet or JSP page by calling:
+
+             String value =
+               getServletContext().getInitParameter("name");
+
+         where "name" matches the <param-name> element of
+         one of these initialization parameters.
+
+         You can define any number of context initialization
+         parameters, including zero.
+    -->
+
+    <context-param>
+      <param-name>webadmin</param-name>
+      <param-value>myaddress@mycompany.com</param-value>
+      <description>
+        The EMAIL address of the administrator to whom questions
+        and comments about this application should be addressed.
+      </description>
+    </context-param>
+
+
+    <!-- Servlet definitions for the servlets that make up
+         your web application, including initialization
+         parameters.  With Tomcat, you can also send requests
+         to servlets not listed here with a request like this:
+
+           http://localhost:8080/{context-path}/servlet/{classname}
+
+         but this usage is not guaranteed to be portable.  It also
+         makes relative references to images and other resources
+         required by your servlet more complicated, so defining
+         all of your servlets (and defining a mapping to them with
+         a servlet-mapping element) is recommended.
+
+         Servlet initialization parameters can be retrieved in a
+         servlet or JSP page by calling:
+
+             String value =
+               getServletConfig().getInitParameter("name");
+
+         where "name" matches the <param-name> element of
+         one of these initialization parameters.
+
+         You can define any number of servlets, including zero.
+    -->
+
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
+      <description>
+        This servlet plays the "controller" role in the MVC architecture
+        used in this application.  It is generally mapped to the ".do"
+        filename extension with a servlet-mapping element, and all form
+        submits in the app will be submitted to a request URI like
+        "saveCustomer.do", which will therefore be mapped to this servlet.
+
+        The initialization parameter names for this servlet are the
+        "servlet path" that will be received by this servlet (after the
+        filename extension is removed).  The corresponding value is the
+        name of the action class that will be used to process this request.
+      </description>
+      <servlet-class>com.mycompany.mypackage.ControllerServlet</servlet-class>
+      <init-param>
+        <param-name>listOrders</param-name>
+        <param-value>com.mycompany.myactions.ListOrdersAction</param-value>
+      </init-param>
+      <init-param>
+        <param-name>saveCustomer</param-name>
+        <param-value>com.mycompany.myactions.SaveCustomerAction</param-value>
+      </init-param>
+      <!-- Load this servlet at server startup time -->
+      <load-on-startup>5</load-on-startup>
+    </servlet>
+
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>graph</servlet-name>
+      <description>
+        This servlet produces GIF images that are dynamically generated
+        graphs, based on the input parameters included on the request.
+        It is generally mapped to a specific request URI like "/graph".
+      </description>
+    </servlet>
+
+
+    <!-- Define mappings that are used by the servlet container to
+         translate a particular request URI (context-relative) to a
+         particular servlet.  The examples below correspond to the
+         servlet descriptions above.  Thus, a request URI like:
+
+           http://localhost:8080/{contextpath}/graph
+
+         will be mapped to the "graph" servlet, while a request like:
+
+           http://localhost:8080/{contextpath}/saveCustomer.do
+
+         will be mapped to the "controller" servlet.
+
+         You may define any number of servlet mappings, including zero.
+         It is also legal to define more than one mapping for the same
+         servlet, if you wish to.
+    -->
+
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>graph</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/graph</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+
+    <!-- Define the default session timeout for your application,
+         in minutes.  From a servlet or JSP page, you can modify
+         the timeout for a particular session dynamically by using
+         HttpSession.getMaxInactiveInterval(). -->
+
+    <session-config>
+      <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>    <!-- 30 minutes -->
+    </session-config>
+
+
+</web-app>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/apr.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/apr.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e6379d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/apr.html
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Apache Portable Runtime (APR) based Native library for Tomcat</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Portable Runtime (APR) based Native library for Tomcat</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a><ol><li><a href="#Windows">Windows</a></li><li><a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#APR_Components">APR Components</a></li><li><a href="#APR_Lifecycle_Listener_Configuration">APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#APR_Connectors_Configuration">APR Connectors Configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#HTTP/HTTPS">HTTP/HTTPS</a></li><li><a href="#AJP">AJP</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+      Tomcat can use the <a href="https://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime</a> to
+      provide superior scalability, performance, and better integration with native server
+      technologies. The Apache Portable Runtime is a highly portable library that is at
+      the heart of Apache HTTP Server 2.x. APR has many uses, including access to advanced IO
+      functionality (such as sendfile, epoll and OpenSSL), OS level functionality (random number
+      generation, system status, etc), and native process handling (shared memory, NT
+      pipes and Unix sockets).
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+      These features allows making Tomcat a general purpose webserver, will enable much better
+      integration with other native web technologies, and overall make Java much more viable as
+      a full fledged webserver platform rather than simply a backend focused technology.
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Installation">Installation</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      APR support requires three main native components to be installed:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>APR library</li>
+      <li>JNI wrappers for APR used by Tomcat (libtcnative)</li>
+      <li>OpenSSL libraries</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Windows">Windows</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      Windows binaries are provided for tcnative-1, which is a statically compiled .dll which includes
+      OpenSSL and APR. It can be downloaded from <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/download-native.cgi">here</a>
+      as 32bit or AMD x86-64 binaries.
+      In security conscious production environments, it is recommended to use separate shared dlls
+      for OpenSSL, APR, and libtcnative-1, and update them as needed according to security bulletins.
+      Windows OpenSSL binaries are linked from the <a href="https://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
+      website</a> (see related/binaries).
+    </p>
+
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Linux">Linux</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      Most Linux distributions will ship packages for APR and OpenSSL. The JNI wrapper (libtcnative) will
+      then have to be compiled. It depends on APR, OpenSSL, and the Java headers.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      Requirements:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>APR 1.2+ development headers (libapr1-dev package)</li>
+      <li>OpenSSL 1.0.2+ development headers (libssl-dev package)</li>
+      <li>JNI headers from Java compatible JDK 1.4+</li>
+      <li>GNU development environment (gcc, make)</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      The wrapper library sources are located in the Tomcat binary bundle, in the
+      <code>bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz</code> archive.
+      Once the build environment is installed and the source archive is extracted, the wrapper library
+      can be compiled using (from the folder containing the configure script):
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>./configure &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</code></pre></div>
+
+    </div></div>
+
+  </div><h3 id="APR_Components">APR Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    Once the libraries are properly installed and available to Java (if loading fails, the library path
+    will be displayed), the Tomcat connectors will automatically use APR. Configuration of the connectors
+    is similar to the regular connectors, but have a few extra attributes which are used to configure
+    APR components. Note that the defaults should be well tuned for most use cases, and additional
+    tweaking shouldn't be required.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    When APR is enabled, the following features are also enabled in Tomcat:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+    <li>Secure session ID generation by default on all platforms (platforms other than Linux required
+        random number generation using a configured entropy)</li>
+    <li>OS level statistics on memory usage and CPU usage by the Tomcat process are displayed by
+        the status servlet</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  </div><h3 id="APR_Lifecycle_Listener_Configuration">APR Lifecycle Listener Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>See <a href="config/listeners.html#APR_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener">the
+    listener configuration</a>.</p>
+  </div><h3 id="APR_Connectors_Configuration">APR Connectors Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="HTTP/HTTPS">HTTP/HTTPS</h4><div class="text">
+
+      <p>For HTTP configuration, see the <a href="config/http.html">HTTP</a>
+      connector configuration documentation.</p>
+
+      <p>For HTTPS configuration, see the
+      <a href="config/http.html#SSL_Support">HTTPS</a> connector configuration
+      documentation.</p>
+
+      <p>An example SSL Connector declaration is:</p>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Connector port="443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
+                 maxThreads="150"
+                 enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
+                 acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"
+                 SSLEnabled="true"
+                 SSLCertificateFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.crt"
+                 SSLCertificateKeyFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.key" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="AJP">AJP</h4><div class="text">
+
+      <p>For AJP configuration, see the <a href="config/ajp.html">AJP</a>
+      connector configuration documentation.</p>
+
+    </div></div>
+
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Architecture (9.0.75) - Table of Contents</title><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Architecture</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Architecture Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="overview.html">Overview</a></li><li><a href="startup.html">Server Startup</a></li><li><a href="requestProcess.html">Request Process</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Table of Contents</h2><h3 id="Preface">Preface</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>This section of the Tomcat documentation attempts to explain
+the architecture and design of the Tomcat server.  It includes significant
+contributions from several tomcat developers:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Yoav Shapira
+    (<a href="mailto:yoavs@apache.org">yoavs@apache.org</a>)</li>
+<li>Jeanfrancois Arcand
+    (<a href="mailto:jfarcand@apache.org">jfarcand@apache.org</a>)</li>
+<li>Filip Hanik
+    (<a href="mailto:fhanik@apache.org">fhanik@apache.org</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The information presented is divided into the following sections:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="overview.html"><strong>Overview</strong></a> -
+    An overview of the Tomcat server architecture with key terms
+    and concepts.</li>
+<li><a href="startup.html"><strong>Server Startup</strong></a> -
+    A detailed description, with sequence diagrams, of how the Tomcat
+    server starts up.</li>
+<li><a href="requestProcess.html"><strong>Request Process Flow</strong></a> -
+    A detailed description of how Tomcat handles a request.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Architecture (9.0.75) - Architecture Overview</title><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Architecture</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Architecture Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="overview.html">Overview</a></li><li><a href="startup.html">Server Startup</a></li><li><a href="requestProcess.html">Request Process</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Architecture Overview</h2><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+This page provides an overview of the Tomcat server architecture.
+</p>
+</div><h3 id="Terms">Terms</h3><div class="text">
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Server">Server</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+In the Tomcat world, a
+<a href="../config/server.html">Server</a> represents the whole container.
+Tomcat provides a default implementation of the
+<a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Server.html">Server interface</a>
+which is rarely customized by users.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Service">Service</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+A <a href="../config/service.html">Service</a> is an intermediate component
+which lives inside a Server and ties one or more Connectors to exactly one
+Engine.  The Service element is rarely customized by users, as the default
+implementation is simple and sufficient:
+<a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Service.html">Service interface</a>.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Engine">Engine</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+An
+<a href="../config/engine.html">Engine</a> represents request processing
+pipeline for a specific Service.  As a Service may have multiple Connectors,
+the Engine receives and processes all requests from these connectors, handing
+the response back to the appropriate connector for transmission to the client.
+The <a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Engine.html">Engine interface</a>
+may be implemented to supply custom Engines, though this is uncommon.
+</p>
+<p>
+Note that the Engine may be used for Tomcat server clustering via the
+jvmRoute parameter.  Read the Clustering documentation for more information.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Host">Host</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+A <a href="../config/host.html">Host</a> is an association of a network name,
+e.g. www.yourcompany.com, to the Tomcat server.  An Engine may contain
+multiple hosts, and the Host element also supports network aliases such as
+yourcompany.com and abc.yourcompany.com.  Users rarely create custom
+<a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Host.html">Hosts</a>
+because the
+<a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardHost.html">StandardHost
+implementation</a> provides significant additional functionality.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector">Connector</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+A Connector handles communications with the client.  There are multiple
+connectors available with Tomcat. These include the
+<a href="../config/http.html">HTTP connector</a> which is used for
+most HTTP traffic, especially when running Tomcat as a standalone server,
+and the <a href="../config/ajp.html">AJP connector</a> which implements
+the AJP protocol used when connecting Tomcat to a web server such as
+Apache HTTPD server. Creating a customized connector is a significant
+effort.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Context">Context</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+A
+<a href="../config/context.html">Context</a>
+represents a web application.  A Host may contain multiple
+contexts, each with a unique path.  The
+<a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Context.html">Context
+interface</a> may be implemented to create custom Contexts, but
+this is rarely the case because the
+<a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardContext.html">
+StandardContext</a> provides significant additional functionality.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Comments">Comments</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+Tomcat is designed to be a fast and efficient implementation of the
+Servlet Specification.  Tomcat came about as the reference implementation
+of this specification, and has remained rigorous in adhering to the
+specification.  At the same time, significant attention has been paid
+to Tomcat's performance and it is now on par with other servlet containers,
+including commercial ones.
+</p>
+<p>
+In recent releases of Tomcat, mostly starting with Tomcat 5,
+we have begun efforts to make more aspects of Tomcat manageable via
+JMX.  In addition, the Manager and Admin webapps have been greatly
+enhanced and improved.  Manageability is a primary area of concern
+for us as the product matures and the specification becomes more
+stable.
+</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Architecture (9.0.75) - Request Process Flow</title><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Architecture</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Architecture Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="overview.html">Overview</a></li><li><a href="startup.html">Server Startup</a></li><li><a href="requestProcess.html">Request Process</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Request Process Flow</h2><h3 id="Request_Process_Flow">Request Process Flow</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+This page describes the process used by Tomcat to handle
+an incoming request.  This process is largely defined by
+the Servlet Specification, which outlines the order
+of events that must take place.
+</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="description">description</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+TODO
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="diagrams">diagrams</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+A UML sequence diagram of the request process is available
+<a href="requestProcess/request-process.png">here.</a>
+</p>
+<p>
+A UML sequence diagram of the authentication process is available
+<a href="requestProcess/authentication-process.png">here.</a>
+</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="comments">comments</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+The Servlet Specification provides many opportunities for
+listening in (using Listeners) or modifying (using Filters)
+the request handling process even before the request arrives
+at the servlet that will handle it.
+</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Architecture (9.0.75) - Startup</title><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Architecture</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Architecture Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="overview.html">Overview</a></li><li><a href="startup.html">Server Startup</a></li><li><a href="requestProcess.html">Request Process</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Startup</h2><h3 id="Server_Startup">Server Startup</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+This page describes how the Tomcat server starts up.  There are several
+different ways to start tomcat, including:
+</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>From the command line.</li>
+  <li>From a Java program as an embedded server.</li>
+  <li>Automatically as a Windows service.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="description">description</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+A text description of the startup procedure is available
+<a href="startup/serverStartup.txt">here.</a>
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="diagram">diagram</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+A UML sequence diagram of the startup procedure is available
+<a href="startup/serverStartup.pdf">here.</a>
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="comments">comments</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+The startup process can be customized in many ways, both
+by modifying Tomcat code and by implementing your own
+LifecycleListeners which are then registered in the server.xml
+configuration file.
+</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+
+Tomcat Startup Sequence
+
+Sequence 1. Start from Command Line
+Class: org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
+What it does:
+    a) Set up classloaders
+        commonLoader (common)-> System Loader
+        sharedLoader (shared)-> commonLoader -> System Loader
+        catalinaLoader(server) -> commonLoader -> System Loader
+        (by default the commonLoader is used for the
+         sharedLoader and the serverLoader)
+    b) Load startup class (reflection)
+        org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina
+        setParentClassloader -> sharedLoader
+        Thread.contextClassloader -> catalinaLoader
+    c) Bootstrap.daemon.init() complete
+
+Sequence 2. Process command line argument (start, stop)
+Class: org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap (assume command->start)
+What it does:
+    a) Catalina.setAwait(true);
+    b) Catalina.load()
+        b1) initDirs() -> set properties like
+                          catalina.home
+                          catalina.base == catalina.home (most cases)
+        b2) initNaming
+            setProperty(javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
+                    org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory ->default)
+        b3) createStartDigester()
+            Configures a digester for the main server.xml elements like
+            org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer (can change of course :)
+            org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources
+                Stores naming resources in the J2EE JNDI tree
+            org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener
+                implements events for start/stop of major components
+            org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService
+                The single entry for a set of connectors,
+                so that a container can listen to multiple connectors
+                ie, single entry
+            org.apache.catalina.Connector
+                Connectors to listen for incoming requests only
+            It also adds the following rulesets to the digester
+                NamingRuleSet
+                EngineRuleSet
+                HostRuleSet
+                ContextRuleSet
+        b4) Load the server.xml and parse it using the digester
+            Parsing the server.xml using the digester is an automatic
+            XML-object mapping tool, that will create the objects defined in server.xml
+            Startup of the actual container has not started yet.
+        b5) Assigns System.out and System.err to the SystemLogHandler class
+        b6) Calls initialize on all components, this makes each object register itself with the
+            JMX agent.
+            During the process call the Connectors also initialize the adapters.
+            The adapters are the components that do the request pre-processing.
+            Typical adapters are HTTP1.1 (default if no protocol is specified,
+            org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol)
+            AJP1.3 for mod_jk etc.
+
+    c) Catalina.start()
+        c1) Starts the NamingContext and binds all JNDI references into it
+        c2) Starts the services under <Server> which are:
+            StandardService -> starts Engine (ContainerBase -> Realm,Cluster etc)
+        c3) StandardHost (started by the service)
+                Configures an ErrorReportValve to do proper HTML output for different HTTP
+                errors codes
+                Starts the Valves in the pipeline (at least the ErrorReportValve)
+                Configures the StandardHostValve,
+                    this valves ties the Webapp Class loader to the thread context
+                    it also finds the session for the request
+                    and invokes the context pipeline
+                Starts the HostConfig component
+                    This component deploys all the webapps
+                        (webapps & conf/Catalina/localhost/*.xml)
+                    HostConfig will create a Digester for your context, this digester
+                    will then invoke ContextConfig.start()
+                        The ContextConfig.start() will process the default web.xml (conf/web.xml)
+                        and then process the applications web.xml (WEB-INF/web.xml)
+
+        c4) During the lifetime of the container (StandardEngine) there is a background thread that
+            keeps checking if the context has changed. If a context changes (timestamp of war file,
+            context xml file, web.xml) then a reload is issued (stop/remove/deploy/start)
+
+    d) Tomcat receives a request on an HTTP port
+        d1) The request is received by a separate thread which is waiting in the ThreadPoolExecutor
+             class. It is waiting for a request in a regular ServerSocket.accept() method.
+             When a request is received, this thread wakes up.
+        d2) The ThreadPoolExecutor assigns the a TaskThread to handle the request.
+            It also supplies a JMX object name to the catalina container (not used I believe)
+        d3) The processor to handle the request in this case is Coyote Http11Processor,
+            and the process method is invoked.
+            This same processor is also continuing to check the input stream of the socket
+            until the keep alive point is reached or the connection is disconnected.
+        d4) The HTTP request is parsed using an internal buffer class (Http11InputBuffer)
+            The buffer class parses the request line, the headers, etc and store the result in a
+            Coyote request (not an HTTP request) This request contains all the HTTP info, such
+            as servername, port, scheme, etc.
+        d5) The processor contains a reference to an Adapter, in this case it is the
+            CoyoteAdapter. Once the request has been parsed, the Http11Processor
+            invokes service() on the adapter. In the service method, the Request contains a
+            CoyoteRequest and CoyoteResponse (null for the first time)
+            The CoyoteRequest(Response) implements HttpRequest(Response) and HttpServletRequest(Response)
+            The adapter parses and associates everything with the request, cookies, the context through a
+            Mapper, etc
+        d6) When the parsing is finished, the CoyoteAdapter invokes its container (StandardEngine)
+            and invokes the invoke(request,response) method.
+            This initiates the HTTP request into the Catalina container starting at the engine level
+        d7) The StandardEngine.invoke() simply invokes the container pipeline.invoke()
+        d8) By default the engine only has one valve the StandardEngineValve, this valve simply
+            invokes the invoke() method on the Host pipeline (StandardHost.getPipeLine())
+        d9) the StandardHost has two valves by default, the StandardHostValve and the ErrorReportValve
+        d10) The standard host valve associates the correct class loader with the current thread
+             It also retrieves the Manager and the session associated with the request (if there is one)
+             If there is a session access() is called to keep the session alive
+        d11) After that the StandardHostValve invokes the pipeline on the context associated
+             with the request.
+        d12) The first valve that gets invoked by the Context pipeline is the FormAuthenticator
+             valve. Then the StandardContextValve gets invoke.
+             The StandardContextValve invokes any context listeners associated with the context.
+             Next it invokes the pipeline on the Wrapper component (StandardWrapperValve)
+        d13) During the invocation of the StandardWrapperValve, the JSP wrapper (Jasper) gets invoked
+             This results in the actual compilation of the JSP.
+             And then invokes the actual servlet.
+    e) Invocation of the servlet class
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/balancer-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/balancer-howto.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e017b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/balancer-howto.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Load Balancer How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"><meta name="author" content="Andy Oliver"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Load Balancer How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Using_the_JK_1.2.x_native_connector">Using the JK 1.2.x native connector</a></li><li><a href="#Using_Apache_HTTP_Server_2.x_with_mod_proxy">Using Apache HTTP Server 2.x with mod_proxy</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Using_the_JK_1.2.x_native_connector">Using the JK 1.2.x native connector</h3><div class="text">
+
+Please refer to the JK 1.2.x documentation.
+
+</div><h3 id="Using_Apache_HTTP_Server_2.x_with_mod_proxy">Using Apache HTTP Server 2.x with mod_proxy</h3><div class="text">
+
+Please refer to the mod_proxy documentation for Apache HTTP Server 2.2. This supports either
+HTTP or AJP load balancing. This new version of mod_proxy is also usable with
+Apache HTTP Server 2.0, but mod_proxy will have to be compiled separately using the code
+from Apache HTTP Server 2.2.
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/building.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/building.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26e0f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/building.html
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Building Tomcat</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Building Tomcat</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Download_a_Java_Development_Kit_(JDK)">Download a Java Development Kit (JDK)</a></li><li><a href="#Install_Apache_Ant">Install Apache Ant</a></li><li><a href="#Obtain_the_Tomcat_source_code">Obtain the Tomcat source code</a></li><li><a href="#Configure_download_area">Configure download area</a></li><li><a href="#Building_Tomcat">Building Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Building_with_Eclipse">Building with Eclipse</a></li><li><a href="#Building_with_other_IDEs">Building with other IDEs</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+Building Apache Tomcat from source is very easy, and is the first step to
+contributing to Tomcat. The complete and comprehensive instructions are
+provided in the file <a href="BUILDING.txt">BUILDING.txt</a>.
+The following is a quick step by step guide.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Download_a_Java_Development_Kit_(JDK)">Download a Java Development Kit (JDK)</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+Building Apache Tomcat requires a JDK (version <build-java-version></build-java-version>) or later to be installed. You
+can download one from
+<a href="https://adoptium.net/temurin/releases">https://adoptium.net/temurin/releases</a>
+or another JDK vendor.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<b>IMPORTANT</b>: Set an environment variable JAVA_HOME to the pathname of the
+directory into which you installed the JDK release.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Install_Apache_Ant">Install Apache Ant</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+Download a binary distribution of Ant <ant-version-required></ant-version-required> or later from
+<a href="https://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi">here</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location so that the
+Ant release resides in its own directory (conventionally named
+<code>apache-ant-[version]</code>).  For the remainder of this guide,
+the symbolic name <code>${ant.home}</code> is used to refer to the full pathname of
+ the Ant installation directory.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<b>IMPORTANT</b>: Create an ANT_HOME environment variable to point the directory <code>${ant.home}</code>,
+and modify the PATH environment variable to include directory
+<code>${ant.home}/bin</code> in its list.  This makes the <code>ant</code> command line script
+available, which will be used to actually perform the build.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Obtain_the_Tomcat_source_code">Obtain the Tomcat source code</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+  Tomcat Git repository URL:
+  <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat">https://github.com/apache/tomcat</a>
+  </p>
+  <p>
+  Tomcat source packages:
+  <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi">https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi</a>.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+  Clone the source repository using Git, selecting a tag for released version or
+  9.0.x for the current development code, or download and unpack a
+  source package. For the remainder of this guide, the symbolic name
+  <code>${tomcat.source}</code> is used to refer to the
+  location where the source has been placed.
+  </p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Configure_download_area">Configure download area</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+  Building Tomcat involves downloading a number of libraries that it depends on.
+  It is strongly recommended to configure download area for those libraries.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  By default the build is configured to download the dependencies into the
+  <code>${user.home}/tomcat-build-libs</code> directory. You can change this
+  (see below) but it must be an absolute path.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  The build is controlled by creating a
+  <code>${tomcat.source}/build.properties</code> file. It can be used to
+  redefine any property that is present in <code>build.properties.default</code>
+  and <code>build.xml</code> files. The <code>build.properties</code> file
+  does not exist by default. You have to create it.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  The download area is defined by property <code>base.path</code>. For example:
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code># ----- Default Base Path for Dependent Packages -----
+# Replace this path with the directory path where
+# dependencies binaries should be downloaded.
+base.path=/home/me/some-place-to-download-to</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+  Different versions of Tomcat are allowed to share the same download area.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+  Another example:
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>base.path=${user.dir}/../libraries-tomcat9.0</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+  Users who access the Internet through a proxy must use the properties
+  file to indicate to Ant the proxy configuration:
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code># ----- Proxy setup -----
+proxy.host=proxy.domain
+proxy.port=8080
+proxy.use=on</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Building_Tomcat">Building Tomcat</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+Use the following commands to build Tomcat:
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<code>cd ${tomcat.source}</code><br>
+<code>ant</code>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Once the build has completed successfully, a usable Tomcat installation will have been
+produced in the <code>${tomcat.source}/output/build</code> directory, and can be started
+and stopped with the usual scripts.
+</p>
+</div><h3 id="Building_with_Eclipse">Building with Eclipse</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+<b>IMPORTANT:</b> This is not a supported means of building Tomcat; this information is
+provided without warranty :-).
+The only supported means of building Tomcat is with the Ant build described above.
+However, some developers like to work on Java code with a Java IDE,
+and the following steps have been used by some developers.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<b>NOTE:</b> This will not let you build everything under Eclipse;
+the build process requires use of Ant for the many stages that aren't
+simple Java compilations.
+However, it will allow you to view and edit the Java code,
+get warnings, reformat code, perform refactorings, run Tomcat
+under the IDE, and so on.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<b>WARNING:</b> Do not forget to create and configure
+  <code>${tomcat.source}/build.properties</code> file as described above
+  before running any Ant targets.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Sample Eclipse project files and launch targets are provided in the
+<code>res/ide-support/eclipse</code> directory of the source tree.
+The instructions below will automatically copy these into the required locations.
+</p>
+<p>
+An Ant target is provided as a convenience to download all binary dependencies, and to create
+the Eclipse project and classpath files in the root of the source tree.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<code>cd ${tomcat.source}</code><br>
+<code>ant ide-eclipse</code>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Start Eclipse and create a new Workspace.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Use <em>File-&gt;Import</em> and choose <em>Existing Projects into Workspace</em>.
+From there choose the root directory of the Tomcat source tree (<code>${tomcat.source}</code>)
+and import the Tomcat project located there.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<code>start-tomcat</code> and <code>stop-tomcat</code> launch configurations are provided in
+<code>res/ide-support/eclipse</code> and will be available in the <em>Run-&gt;Run Configurations</em>
+dialog. Use these to start and stop Tomcat from Eclipse.
+If you want to configure these yourself (or are using a different IDE)
+then use <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap</code> as the main class,
+<code>start</code>/<code>stop</code> etc. as program arguments, and specify <code>-Dcatalina.home=...</code>
+(with the name of your build directory) as VM arguments.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Tweaking a few formatting preferences will make it much easier to keep consistent with Tomcat
+coding conventions (and have your contributions accepted):
+</p>
+
+<table class="defaultTable">
+  <tr><td>Java -&gt; Code Style -&gt; Formatter -&gt; Edit...</td>
+  <td>Tab policy: Spaces only<br>Tab and Indentation size: 4</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>General -&gt; Editors -&gt; Text Editors</td>
+  <td>Displayed tab width: 2<br>Insert spaces for tabs<br>Show whitespace characters (optional)</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>XML -&gt; XML Files -&gt; Editor</td><td>Indent using spaces<br>Indentation size: 2</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Ant -&gt; Editor -&gt; Formatter</td><td>Tab size: 2<br>Use tab character instead of spaces: unchecked</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+The recommended configuration of Compiler Warnings is documented in
+<code>res/ide-support/eclipse/java-compiler-errors-warnings.txt</code> file.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Building_with_other_IDEs">Building with other IDEs</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+The same general approach should work for most IDEs; it has been reported
+to work in IntelliJ IDEA, for example.
+</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/cdi.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/cdi.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - CDI 2, JAX-RS and dependent libraries support</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>CDI 2, JAX-RS and dependent libraries support</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#CDI_2_support">CDI 2 support</a></li><li><a href="#JAX-RS_support">JAX-RS support</a></li><li><a href="#Eclipse_Microprofile_support">Eclipse Microprofile support</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    CDI and JAX-RS are dependencies for many other APIs and libraries. This
+    guide explains how to add support for them in Tomcat using two optional
+    modules that are provided in the Tomcat sources.
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="CDI_2_support">CDI 2 support</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    CDI 2 support is provided by the <code>modules/owb</code> optional module.
+    It packages the Apache OpenWebBeans project and allows adding CDI 2 support
+    to the Tomcat container. The build process of the module uses Apache Maven,
+    and is not available as a binary bundle as it is built using a number of
+    publicly available JARs.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    The process to build CDI support is the following.
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd $TOMCAT_SRC/modules/owb
+mvn clean &amp;&amp; mvn package</code></pre></div>
+    The resulting JAR at
+    <code>target/tomcat-owb-x.y.z.jar</code> (where x.y.z depends on the
+    Apache OpenWebBeans version used during the build)
+    should then be placed into the <code>lib</code> folder of the Tomcat
+    installation.<br>
+    CDI support can then be enabled for all webapps in the container by adding
+    the following listener in <code>server.xml</code> nested inside the
+    <code>Server</code> element:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Listener className="org.apache.webbeans.web.tomcat.OpenWebBeansListener" optional="true" startWithoutBeansXml="false" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    The listener will produce a non fatal error if the CDI container loading
+    fails.<br>
+    CDI support can also be enabled at the individual webapp level by adding
+    the following listener to the webapp <code>context.xml</code> file nested
+    inside the <code>Server</code> element:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Listener className="org.apache.webbeans.web.tomcat.OpenWebBeansContextLifecycleListener" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="JAX-RS_support">JAX-RS support</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    JAX-RS support is provided by the <code>modules/cxf</code> optional module.
+    It packages the Apache CXF project and allows adding JAX-RS support
+    to individual webapps. The build process of the module uses Apache Maven,
+    and is not available as a binary bundle as it is built using a number of
+    publicly available JARs. The support depends on CDI 2 support, which should
+    have previously been installed at either the container or webapp level.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    The process to build JAX-RS support is the following.
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd $TOMCAT_SRC/modules/cxf
+mvn clean &amp;&amp; mvn package</code></pre></div>
+    The resulting JAR at
+    <code>target/tomcat-cxf-x.y.z.jar</code> (where x.y.z depends on the
+    Apache CXF version used during the build)
+    should then be placed into the <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> folder of the
+    desired web application.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    If the CDI 2 support is available at the container
+    level, the JAR can also be placed in the Tomcat <code>lib</code> folder,
+    but in that case the CXF Servlet declaration must be individually added
+    in each webapp as needed (it is normally loaded by the web fragment that is
+    present in the JAR). The CXF Servlet class that should be used is
+    <code>org.apache.cxf.cdi.CXFCdiServlet</code> and should be mapped to the
+    desired root path where JAX-RS resources will be available.
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Eclipse_Microprofile_support">Eclipse Microprofile support</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    ASF artifacts are available that implement Eclipse Microprofile
+    specifications using CDI 2 extensions. Once the CDI 2 and JAX-RS support
+    is installed, they will be usable by individual webapps.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    The following implementations are available (reference:
+    <code>org.apache.tomee.microprofile.TomEEMicroProfileListener</code>) as
+    Maven artifacts which must be added to the webapp <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code>
+    folders:
+    <ul>
+      <li><strong>Configuration</strong>:
+        Maven artifact:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo.config:geronimo-config</code>
+        CDI extension class:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo.config.cdi.ConfigExtension</code>
+      </li>
+      <li><strong>Fault Tolerance</strong>:
+        Maven artifact:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo.safeguard:safeguard-parent</code>
+        CDI extension class:
+        <code>org.apache.safeguard.impl.cdi.SafeguardExtension</code>
+      </li>
+      <li><strong>Health</strong>:
+        Maven artifact:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo:geronimo-health</code>
+        CDI extension class:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo.microprofile.impl.health.cdi.GeronimoHealthExtension</code>
+      </li>
+      <li><strong>Metrics</strong>:
+        Maven artifact:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo:geronimo-metrics</code>
+        CDI extension class:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo.microprofile.metrics.cdi.MetricsExtension</code>
+      </li>
+      <li><strong>OpenTracing</strong>:
+        Maven artifact:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo:geronimo-opentracing</code>
+        CDI extension class:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo.microprofile.opentracing.microprofile.cdi.OpenTracingExtension</code>
+      </li>
+      <li><strong>OpenAPI</strong>:
+        Maven artifact:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo:geronimo-openapi</code>
+        CDI extension class:
+        <code>org.apache.geronimo.microprofile.openapi.cdi.GeronimoOpenAPIExtension</code>
+      </li>
+      <li><strong>Rest client</strong>:
+        Maven artifact:
+        <code>org.apache.cxf:cxf-rt-rs-mp-client</code>
+        CDI extension class:
+        <code>org.apache.cxf.microprofile.client.cdi.RestClientExtension</code>
+      </li>
+      <li><strong>JSON Web Tokens</strong>:
+        Note: Fore reference only, unusable outside Apache TomEE;
+        Maven artifact:
+        <code>org.apache.tomee:mp-jwt</code>
+        CDI extension class:
+        <code>org.apache.tomee.microprofile.jwt.cdi.MPJWTCDIExtension</code>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </p>
+
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - CGI How To</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>CGI How To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The CGI (Common Gateway Interface) defines a way for a web server to
+interact with external content-generating programs, which are often
+referred to as CGI programs or CGI scripts.
+</p>
+
+<p>Within Tomcat, CGI support can be added when you are using Tomcat as your
+HTTP server and require CGI support.  Typically this is done
+during development when you don't want to run a web server like
+Apache httpd.
+Tomcat's CGI support is largely compatible with Apache httpd's,
+but there are some limitations (e.g., only one cgi-bin directory).
+</p>
+
+<p>CGI support is implemented using the servlet class
+<code>org.apache.catalina.servlets.CGIServlet</code>.  Traditionally,
+this servlet is mapped to the URL pattern "/cgi-bin/*".</p>
+
+<p>By default CGI support is disabled in Tomcat.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Installation">Installation</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p><strong>CAUTION</strong> - CGI scripts are used to execute programs
+external to the Tomcat JVM. If you are using the Java SecurityManager this
+will bypass your security policy configuration in <code>catalina.policy.</code></p>
+
+<p>To enable CGI support:</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><p>There are commented-out sample servlet and servlet-mapping elements for
+CGI servlet in the default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code> file.
+To enable CGI support in your web application, copy that servlet and
+servlet-mapping declarations into <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file of your
+web application.</p>
+
+<p>Uncommenting the servlet and servlet-mapping in
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code> file enables CGI for all installed
+web applications at once.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li><p>Set <code>privileged="true"</code> on the Context element for your
+web application.</p>
+
+<p>Only Contexts which are marked as privileged are allowed to use the
+CGI servlet. Note that modifying the global <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/context.xml</code>
+file affects all web applications. See
+<a href="config/context.html">Context documentation</a> for details.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+</div><h3 id="Configuration">Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>There are several servlet init parameters which can be used to
+configure the behaviour of the CGI servlet.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>cgiMethods</strong> - Comma separated list of HTTP methods. Requests
+using one of these methods will be passed to the CGI script for the script to
+generate the response. The default value is <code>GET,POST</code>. Use
+<code>*</code> for the script to handle all requests regardless of method.
+Unless over-ridden by the configuration of this parameter, requests using HEAD,
+OPTIONS or TRACE will have handled by the superclass.</li>
+<li><strong>cgiPathPrefix</strong> - The CGI search path will start at
+the web application root directory + File.separator + this prefix.
+By default there is no value, which results in the web application root
+directory being used as the search path. The recommended value is
+<code>WEB-INF/cgi</code></li>
+<li><strong>cmdLineArgumentsDecoded</strong> - If command line arguments
+are enabled (via <strong>enableCmdLineArguments</strong>) and Tomcat is running
+on Windows then each individual decoded command line argument must match this
+pattern else the request will be rejected. This is to protect against known
+issues passing command line arguments from Java to Windows. These issues can
+lead to remote code execution. For more information on these issues see
+<a href="https://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2016/02/java-and-command-line-injections-in-windows.html">Markus
+Wulftange's blog</a> and this archived
+<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228144344/https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/twistylittlepassagesallalike/2011/04/23/everyone-quotes-command-line-arguments-the-wrong-way/">blog
+by Daniel Colascione</a>.</li>
+<li><strong>cmdLineArgumentsEncoded</strong> - If command line arguments
+are enabled (via <strong>enableCmdLineArguments</strong>) individual encoded
+command line argument must match this pattern else the request will be rejected.
+The default matches the allowed values defined by RFC3875 and is
+<code>[\w\Q%;/?:@&amp;,$-.!~*'()\E]+</code></li>
+<li><strong>enableCmdLineArguments</strong> - Are command line arguments
+generated from the query string as per section 4.4 of 3875 RFC? The default is
+<code>false</code>.</li>
+<li><strong>environment-variable-</strong> - An environment to be set for the
+execution environment of the CGI script. The name of variable is taken from the
+parameter name. To configure an environment variable named FOO, configure a
+parameter named environment-variable-FOO. The parameter value is used as the
+environment variable value. The default is no environment variables.</li>
+<li><strong>executable</strong> - The name of the executable to be used to
+run the script. You may explicitly set this parameter to be an empty string
+if your script is itself executable (e.g. an exe file). Default is
+<code>perl</code>.</li>
+<li><strong>executable-arg-1</strong>, <strong>executable-arg-2</strong>,
+and so on - additional arguments for the executable. These precede the
+CGI script name. By default there are no additional arguments.</li>
+<li><strong>envHttpHeaders</strong> - A regular expression used to select the
+HTTP headers passed to the CGI process as environment variables. Note that
+headers are converted to upper case before matching and that the entire header
+name must match the pattern. Default is
+<code>ACCEPT[-0-9A-Z]*|CACHE-CONTROL|COOKIE|HOST|IF-[-0-9A-Z]*|REFERER|USER-AGENT</code>
+</li>
+<li><strong>parameterEncoding</strong> - Name of the parameter encoding
+to be used with the CGI servlet. Default is
+<code>System.getProperty("file.encoding","UTF-8")</code>. That is the system
+default encoding, or UTF-8 if that system property is not available.</li>
+<li><strong>passShellEnvironment</strong> - Should the shell environment
+variables from Tomcat process (if any) be passed to the CGI script? Default is
+<code>false</code>.</li>
+<li><strong>stderrTimeout</strong> - The time (in milliseconds) to wait for
+the reading of stderr to complete before terminating the CGI process. Default
+is <code>2000</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The CGI script executed depends on the configuration of the CGI Servlet and
+how the request is mapped to the CGI Servlet. The CGI search path starts at the
+web application root directory + File.separator + cgiPathPrefix. The
+<strong>pathInfo</strong> is then searched unless it is <code>null</code> - in
+which case the <strong>servletPath</strong> is searched.</p>
+
+<p>The search starts with the first path segment and expands one path segment
+at a time until no path segments are left (resulting in a 404) or a script is
+found. Any remaining path segments are passed to the script in the
+<strong>PATH_INFO</strong> environment variable.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Changelog</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Changelog</h2><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.75_(remm)"><span style="float: right;"></span> Tomcat 9.0.75 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.75_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66567">66567</a>: Fix missing <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>
+        after the Tomcat code was converted to using URI instead of URL. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Escape timestamp output in <code>AccessLogValve</code> if a
+        <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> is used which contains verbatim
+        characters that need escaping. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Change output of vertical tab in <code>AccessLogValve</code> from
+        <code>\v</code> to <code>\u000b</code>. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Improve performance of escaping in <code>AccessLogValve</code>
+        roughly by a factor of two. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Improve <code>JsonAccessLogValve</code>: support more patterns
+        like for headers and attributes. Those will be logged as sub objects.
+        (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/613">#613</a>: Fix possible partial corrupted file copies when using
+        file locking protection or the manager servlet. Submitted
+        by Jack Shirazi. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.75_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for a new character set, <code>gb18030-2022</code> -
+        introduced in Java 21, to the character set caching mechanism. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix an edge case in HTTP header parsing and ensure that HTTP headers
+        without names are treated as invalid. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Deprecate the HTTP Connector settings <code>rejectIllegalHeader</code>
+        and <code>allowHostHeaderMismatch</code> as they have been removed in
+        Tomcat 11 onwards. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66591">66591</a>: Fix a regression introduced in the fix for
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66512">66512</a> that meant that an AJP Send Headers was not sent for
+        responses where no HTTP headers were set. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.75_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66582">66582</a>: Account for EL having stricter requirements for static
+        imports than JSPs when adding JSP static imports to the EL context.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.75_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66574">66574</a>: Refactor WebSocket session close to remove the lock on
+        the <code>SocketWrapper</code> which was a potential cause of deadlocks
+        if the application code used simulated blocking. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66575">66575</a>: Avoid unchecked use of the backing array of a
+        buffer provided by the user in the compression transformation. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve exception handling when flushing batched messages during
+        WebSocket session close. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66581">66581</a>: Update <code>AsyncChannelGroupUtil</code> to align it
+        with the current defaults for AsynchronousChannelGroup. Pull request
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/612">#612</a> by Matthew Painter. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.75_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Checkstyle to 10.10.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Jacoco to 0.8.10. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.74_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2023-04-18</span> Tomcat 9.0.74 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.74_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65995">65995</a>: Implement RFC 9239 and use
+        <code>text/javascript</code> as the media type for JavaScript rather
+        than <code>application/javascript</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add an access log valve that uses a json format. Based on pull request
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/539">#539</a> provided by Thomas Meyer. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Harden the FORM authentication process against DoS attacks by using a
+        reduced session timeout if the FORM authentication process creates a
+        session. The duration of this timeout is configured by the
+        <code>authenticationSessionTimeout</code> attribute of the FORM
+        authenticator. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66527">66527</a>: Correct the Javadoc for the
+        <code>Tomcat.addWebapp()</code> methods that incorrectly stated that the
+        <code>docBase</code> parameter could be a relative path. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66524">66524</a> Correct eviction ordering in WebResource cache to
+        by LRU as intended. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Use server.xml to reduce the default value of
+        <code>maxParameterCount</code> from 10,000 to 1,000. If not configured
+        in server.xml, the default remains 10,000. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update Digest authentication support to align with RFC 7616. This adds a
+        new configuration attribute, <code>algorithms</code>, to the
+        <code>DigestAuthenticator</code> with a default of
+        <code>SHA-256,MD5</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add support code for custom user attributes in <code>RealmBase</code>.
+        Based on code from <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/473">#473</a> by Carsten Klein. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Expand the set of HTTP request headers considered sensitive that should
+        be skipped when generating a response to a <code>TRACE</code> request.
+        This aligns with 11.0.x. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66541">66541</a>: Improve handling for cached resources for resources
+        that use custom URL schemes. The scheme specific <code>equals()</code>
+        and <code>hashCode()</code> algorithms, if present, will now be used for
+        URLs for these resources. This addresses a potential performance issue
+        with some OSGi custom URL schemes that can trigger potentially slow DNS
+        lookups in some configurations. Based on a patch provided by Tom
+        Whitmore. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When using a custom session manager deployed as part of the web
+        application, avoid <code>ClassNotFoundException</code>s when validating
+        session IDs extracted from requests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66543">66543</a>: Give <code>StandardContext#fireRequestDestroyEvent</code>
+         its own log message. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66554">66554</a>: Initialize Random during server initialization to
+        avoid possible JVM thread creation in the webapp context on some
+        platforms. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Make the server utility executor available to webapps using a Servlet
+        context attribute named
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.74_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        JSON filter should support specific escaping for common special
+        characters as defined in RFC 8259. Based on code submitted by
+        Thomas Meyer. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66511">66511</a>: Fix <code>GzipOutputFilter</code> (used for compressed
+        HTTP responses) when used with direct buffers. Patch suggested by Arjen
+        Poutsma. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66512">66512</a>: Align AJP handling of invalid HTTP response headers
+        (they are now removed from the response) with HTTP. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66530">66530</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for bug
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66442">66442</a> that meant that streams without a response body did not
+        decrement the active stream count when completing leading to
+        <code>ERR_HTTP2_SERVER_REFUSED_STREAM</code> for some connections.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor synchronization blocks locking on <code>SocketWrapper</code> to
+        use <code>ReentrantLock</code> to support users wishing to experiment
+        with project Loom. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.74_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66536">66536</a>: Fix parsing of tag files that meant that tag
+        directives could be ignored for some tag files. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.74_(remm)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66535">66535</a>: Redefine the <code>maxValidTime</code> attribute of
+        <code>FarmWarDeployer</code> to be the maximum time allowed between
+        receiving parts of a transferred file before the transfer is cancelled
+        and the associated resources cleaned-up. A new warning message will be
+        logged if the file transfer is cancelled. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.74_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66508">66508</a>: When using WebSocket with NIO2, avoid waiting for
+        a timeout before sending the close frame if an I/O error occurs during a
+        write. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.74_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations. Contributed by Shirayuking and
+        tak7iji. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. Contributed by totoo. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor code using <code>MD5Encoder</code> to use
+        <code>HexUtils.toHexString()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66507">66507</a>: Fix a bug that <code>$JAVA_OPTS</code> is not passed
+        to the jvm in <code>catalina.sh</code> when calling <code>version</code>.
+        Patch suggested by Eric Hamilton. (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons DBCP to f131286 (2023-03-08,
+        2.10.0-SNAPSHOT). This corrects a regression introduced in 9.0.71.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the error messages if <code>JRE_HOME</code> or
+        <code>JAVA_HOME</code> are not set correctly. On windows, align the
+        handling of <code>JRE_HOME</code> and <code>JAVA_HOME</code> for the
+        start-up scripts and the service install script. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update UnboundID to 6.0.8. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Checkstyle to 10.9.3. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Jacoco to 0.8.9. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enhance PEMFile to load from an InputStream. Patch provided by
+        Romain Manni-Bucau. (schultz)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.73_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2023-03-03</span> Tomcat 9.0.73 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.73_(remm)/General">General</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a bug that memory allocation is larger than limit in
+        <code>SynchronizedStack</code> to reduce memory footprint. (lihan)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.73_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for <code>txt:</code> and <code>rnd:</code> rewrite map
+        types from mod_rewrite. Based on a pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/591">#591</a>
+        provided by Dimitrios Soumis. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Provide a more appropriate response (501 rather than 400) when rejecting
+        an HTTP request using the CONNECT method. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66488">66488</a>: Correct a regression introduced in the fix for bug
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66196">66196</a> that meant that the HTTP headers and/or request line
+        could get corrupted (one part overwriting another part) within a single
+        request. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.73_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a check for the validity of the scheme pseudo-header in HTTP/2.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66482">66482</a>: Restore inline state after async operation in NIO2,
+        to account the fact that unexpected exceptions are sometimes thrown
+        by the implementation. Patch submitted by zhougang. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.72_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2023-02-23</span> Tomcat 9.0.72 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.72_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Allow a Valve to access cookies from a request that cannot be mapped to
+        a Context. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor uses of <code>String.replaceAll()</code> to use
+        <code>String.replace()</code> where regular expressions where not being
+        used. Pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/581">#581</a> provided by Andrei Briukhov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add error report valve that allows redirecting to of proxying from an
+        external web server. Based on code and ideas from pull request
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/506">#506</a> provided by Max Fortun. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66470">66470</a>: Add the Shared Address Space defined by RFC 6598
+        (100.64.0.0/10) to the regular expression used to identify internal
+        proxies for the <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> and
+        <code>RemoteIpValve</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66471">66471</a>: Fix JSessionId secure attribute missing When
+        <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> determines that this request was submitted
+        via a secure channel. (lihan)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.72_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Log basic information for each configured TLS certificate when Tomcat
+        starts. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66442">66442</a>: When an HTTP/2 response must not include a body,
+        ensure that the end of stream flag is set on the headers frame and that
+        no data frame is sent. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66455">66455</a>: Fix the cause of a potential
+        <code>ClassCastException</code> when processing a
+        <code>WINDOW_UPDATE</code> frame on an HTTP/2 connection where the flow
+        control window for the overall connection has been exhausted. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a regression introduced in 9.0.65 that prevented HTTP/2 connections
+        from timing out when using a Connector configured with
+        <code>useAsyncIO=true</code> (the default for NIO and NIO2). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Provided dedicated loggers
+        (<code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.certificate</code> /
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.Nio2Endpoint.certificate</code> /
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint.certificate</code>) for
+        logging of configured TLS certificates. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.72_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66419">66419</a>: Fix calls from expression language to a method that
+        accepts varargs when only one argument was passed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66441">66441</a>: Make imports of static fields in JSPs visible to any
+        EL expressions used on the page. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.72_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66429">66429</a>: Documentation. Limit access to the documentation web
+        application to localhost by default. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66429">66429</a>: Examples. Limit access to the examples web application
+        to localhost by default. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.72_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update BND to 6.4.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Apache Tomcat Native Library to
+        1.2.36 to pick up the Windows binaries built with with OpenSSL 1.1.1t.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.71_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2023-01-13</span> Tomcat 9.0.71 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.71_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66388">66388</a>: Correct a regression in the refactoring that replaced
+        the use of the <code>URL</code> constructors. The regression broke
+        lookups for resources that contained one or more characters in their
+        name that required escaping when used in a URI path. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66392">66392</a>: Change the default value of <code>AccessLogValve</code>'s
+        file encoding to UTF-8 and update documentation. (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66393">66393</a>: Align <code>ExtendedAccessLogValve</code>'s x-P(XXX) with the
+        documentation. (lihan)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.71_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When resetting an HTTP/2 stream because the final response has been
+        generated before the request has been fully read, use the HTTP/2 error
+        code <code>NO_ERROR</code> so that client does not discard the response.
+        Based on a suggestion by Lorenzo Dalla Vecchia. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66196">66196</a>: Align HTTP/1.1 with HTTP/2 and throw an exception when
+        attempting to commit a response with an header value that includes one
+        or more characters with a code point above 255. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66385">66385</a>: Correct a bug in HTTP/2 where a non-blocking read for
+        a new frame with the NIO2 connector was incorrectly made using the read
+        timeout leading to unexpected stream closure. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.71_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66370">66370</a>: Change the default of the
+        <code>org.apache.el.GET_CLASSLOADER_USE_PRIVILEGED</code> system
+        property to <code>true</code> unless the EL library is running on Tomcat
+        in which case the default remains <code>false</code> as the EL library
+        is already called from within a privileged block and skipping the
+        unnecessary privileged block improves performance. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 21 (with the value <code>21</code>) as
+        the compiler source and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. If used
+        with an Eclipse JDT compiler version that does not support these values,
+        a warning will be logged and the default will used.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.71_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons BCEL to 2ee2bff (2023-01-03,
+        6.7.1-SNAPSHOT). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Codec to 3eafd6c (2023-01-03,
+        1.16-SNAPSHOT). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons FileUpload to 34eb241
+        (2023-01-03, 2.0-SNAPSHOT). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP to f131286 (2023-01-03,
+        2.10.0-SNAPSHOT). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations. Contributed by Shirayuking.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Portuguese translations. Contributed by Guilherme
+        Cust&oacute;dio. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Checkstyle to 10.6.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Unboundid to 6.0.7. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update SpotBugs to 4.7.3. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.70_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-12-05</span> Tomcat 9.0.70 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.70_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the default implementation of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.isTrailerFieldsReady()</code> to return
+        <code>true</code> so it is consistent with the default implementation of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getTrailerFields()</code> and with the Servlet
+        API provided by the Jakarta EE project. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the behavior of the credential handler attribute that is set in
+        the Servlet context so that it actually reflects what is used during
+        authentication. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66359">66359</a>: Update javadoc for RemoteIpValve and RemoteIpFilter with
+        correct <code>protocolHeader</code> default value of "X-Forwarded-Proto".
+        (lihan)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.70_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When an HTTP/2 stream was reset, the current active stream count was not
+        reduced. If enough resets occurred on a connection, the current active
+        stream count limit was reached and no new streams could be created on
+        that connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.70_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66348">66348</a>: Update the JARs listed in the class loader
+        documentation and note which ones are optional. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Documentation. Replace references in the application developer's guide
+        to CVS with more general references to a source code control system.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.70_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor code base to replace use of URL constructors. While they are
+        deprecated in Java 20 onwards, the reasons for deprecation are valid for
+        all versions so move away from them now. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons BCEL to b015e90 (2022-11-28,
+        6.7.0-RC1). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Codec to ae32a3f (2022-11-29,
+        1.16-SNAPSHOT). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to Commons Daemon 1.3.3. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons FileUpload to aa8eff6
+        (2022-11-29, 2.0-SNAPSHOT). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations. Contributed by Shirayuking and
+        tak7iji. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.69_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-11-14</span> Tomcat 9.0.69 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.69_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66209">66209</a>: Add a configuration option to allow bloom filters used
+        to index JAR files to be retained for the lifetime of the web
+        application. Prior to this addition, the indexes were always flushed by
+        the periodic calls to <code>WebResourceRoot.gc()</code>. As part of this
+        addition, configuration of archive indexing moves from
+        <code>Context</code> to <code>WebResourceRoot</code>. Based on a patch
+        provided by Rahul Jaisimha. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66330">66330</a>: Correct a regression introduced when fixing
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62897">62897</a> that meant any value configured for
+        <code>skipMemoryLeakChecksOnJvmShutdown</code> on the
+        <code>Context</code> was ignored and the default was always used.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66331">66331</a>: Fix a regression in refactoring for <code>Stack</code>
+        on the <code>SystemLogHandler</code> which caught incorrect exception.
+        (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66338">66338</a>: Fix a regression that caused a nuance in refactoring
+        for <code>ErrorReportValve</code>. (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Escape values used to construct output for the
+        <code>JsonErrorReportValve</code> to ensure that it always outputs valid
+        JSON. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.69_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the date format used with the expires attribute of HTTP cookies.
+        A single space rather than a single dash should be used to separate the
+        day, month and year components to be compliant with RFC 6265. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Include the name of the current stream state in the error message when a
+        stream is cancelled due to an attempt to write to the stream when it is
+        in a state that does not permit writes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        NIO writes never return -1 so refactor <code>CLOSED_NIO_CHANNEL</code>
+        not to do so and remove checks for this return value. Based on
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/562">#562</a> by tianshuang. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove unnecessary code that exposed the <code>asyncTimeout</code> to
+        components that never used it. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.69_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66294">66294</a>: Make the use of a privileged block to obtain the
+        thread context class loader added to address <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62080">62080</a> optional
+        and disabled by default. This is now controlled by the
+        <code>org.apache.el.GET_CLASSLOADER_USE_PRIVILEGED</code> system
+        property. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66325">66325</a>: Fix concurrency issue in evaluation of expression
+        language containing lambda expressions. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.69_(remm)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66346">66346</a>: Ensure all JDBC pool JARs are reproducible. Pull
+        request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/566">#566</a> provided by John Neffenger. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.69_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to Commons Daemon 1.3.2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. Contributed by DigitalCat and
+        lihan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. Contributed by Mathieu Bouchard.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations. Contributed by Shirayuking.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.68_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2022-10-07</span> Tomcat 9.0.68 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.68_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the <code>RewriteValve</code> to perform pattern matching using
+        dotall mode to avoid unexpected behaviour if the URL includes encoded
+        line terminators. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.68_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66276">66276</a>: Fix incorrect class cast when adding
+        a descendant of HTTP/2 streams. (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66281">66281</a>: Fix unexpected timeouts that may appear as client
+        disconnections when using HTTP/2 and NIO2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enforce the requirement of RFC 7230 onwards that a request with a
+        malformed <code>content-length</code> header should always be rejected
+        with a 400 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.68_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66277">66277</a>: Fix regressions in refactoring from <code>Stack</code>
+        <code>ArrayDeque</code>.
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 20 (with the value <code>20</code>) as
+        the compiler source and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. If used
+        with an Eclipse JDT compiler version that does not support these values,
+        a warning will be logged and the default will used.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.68_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Documentation. Document the <code>nonceRequestParameterName</code>
+        attribute for the <code>CsrfPreventionFilter</code>. Based on
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/553">#553</a> by Mert &Uuml;lkg&uuml;n. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.68_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Objenesis to 3.2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update UnboundID to 6.0.6. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Checkstyle to 10.3.4. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update JaCoCo to 0.8.8. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update SpotBugs to 4.7.2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update JSign to 4.2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Derby to 10.16.1.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Czech translations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations. Contributed by tak7iji and
+        Shirayuking. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Spanish translations. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.67_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-09-26</span> Tomcat 9.0.67 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.67_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a regression in refactoring for Hashtables which caused mbeans to
+        lose many of their attributes. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.66_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.66 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.66_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct handling of HTTP TRACE requests where there are multiple
+        instances of an HTTP header with the same name. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement the requirements of RFC 7231 and do not include sensitive
+        headers in responses to HTTP TRACE requests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement the clarification in RFC 9110 that the units in HTTP range
+        specifiers are case insensitive. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Properly-escape role and group information when writing
+        MemoryUserDatabase to an XML file. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Move control of XML-export logic from individual support classes into
+        MemoryUserDatabase.save(). Deprecate and discontinue use of MemoryUser,
+        MemoryRole, and MemoryGroup classes. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66183">66183</a>: When logging cookie values in an access log valve and
+        there are multiple cookies with the same name, log all cookie values
+        rather than just the first. Based on pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/541">#541</a> by Han
+        Li. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66184">66184</a>: Ensure that JULI root loggers have a default level of
+        <code>INFO</code>. Pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/533">#533</a> provided by Piotr P.
+        Karwasz. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of stack overflow errors when parsing SSI expressions.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66120">66120</a>: Enable FORM authentication to work correctly if
+        session persistence and restoration occurs during the authentication
+        process. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66233">66233</a>: Include an error message when sending a 400 response
+        because a request has too many cookies. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When web application deployment fails due to JARs with duplicate
+        fragment names, improve the error message by listing the JARs that
+        contain the duplicates. Based on pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/535">#535</a> by Mads
+        Rolsdorph. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Replace logging thread for JULI's <code>AsyncFileHandler</code> with an
+        executor to protect against failure of the logging thread. Based on pull
+        request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/545">#545</a> by Piotr P. Karwasz. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.66_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid potential NPE by skipping duplicate accept check when using a Unix
+        Domain Socket. Based on <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/532">#532</a> by Han Li. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Address an edge case in HTTP header parsing that allowed CRCRLF to be
+        used as a valid line terminator. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure HTTP/2 requests that include connection specific headers are
+        rejected. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When processing HTTP/2 requests, allow a <code>host</code> header to be
+        used in place of an <code>:authority</code> header. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When processing HTTP/2 requests, allow a <code>host</code> header and an
+        <code>:authority</code> header to  be present providing they are
+        consistent. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When processing HTTP/2 requests, reject requests containing multiple
+        <code>host</code> headers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make parsing of invalid filename directives in
+        <code>Content-Disposition</code> headers more robust. Invalid filename
+        directives will now be ignored rather than triggering a 500 response.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66194">66194</a>: Log HTTP/2 stream closures (usually caused by client
+        errors) via a <code>UserDataHelper</code> to broadly align it with the
+        behaviour of HTTP/1.1 for parsing issues and exceeding limits. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66236">66236</a>: Implement support for the special values zero and
+        minus one when configuring <code>maxSavePostSize</code> for a Connector
+        when used in conjunction with TLS renegotiation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66240">66240</a>: Avoid int overflow when parsing octets by limiting
+        the maximum value to 255. Based on a PR <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/548">#548</a> by Stefan Mayr.
+        (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/550">#550</a>: Correctly handle case where a Servlet responds to a
+        request with an expectation with a 2xx response without reading the
+        request body. Pull request provided by Malay Shah. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/551">#551</a>: Avoid potential IndexOutOfBoundsException by fixing
+        incorrect check when matching HTTP/2 preface. Submitted by 刘文章.
+        (lihan)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.66_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of stack overflow errors when parsing EL expressions.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct parsing of integer and floating point literals in EL expressions
+        so that larger values are correctly parsed to <code>BigInteger</code>
+        and <code>BigDecimal</code> respectively. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66203">66203</a>: Log an error message when the JSP compiler is unable
+        to create the output directory for the generated code. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66235">66235</a>: Fix various issues with the bean resolver used for
+        Graal. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the performance of the <code>ImportHandler</code> in the
+        Expression Language implementation. This removes a previous optimisation
+        that is now detrimental rather than helpful. Pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/547">#547</a>
+        provided by rmannibucau. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of EL error messages so instances of Number are not
+        formatted in unexpected ways. (markt/kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Switch to using ELException rather than IllegalArgumentException when a
+        type conversion fails during an EL arithmetic operation. This is an EL
+        error so ELException seems more appropriate. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66246">66246</a>: Fix JspC generates invalid web.xml due to incorrect header. (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a bug in <code>MethodExpression</code> handling that triggered an
+        error when invoking a static method on an instance of the class rather
+        than directly on the class. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use <code>BigInteger.remainder()</code> rather than
+        <code>BigInteger.mod()</code> when performing the modulus operation for
+        instances of <code>BigInteger</code> as part of an EL expression.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.66_(remm)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        To aid future additions of new functionality, rather than throw an
+        <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> if a <code>DeltaRequest</code> is
+        passed an unrecognised action type, a warning message will now be
+        logged. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66120">66120</a>: Enable FORM authentication to work correctly if
+        session failover occurs during the authentication process. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.66_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62312">62312</a>: Add support for authenticating WebSocket clients with
+        an HTTP forward proxy when establishing a connection to a WebSocket
+        endpoint via a forward proxy that requires authentication. Based on a
+        patch provided by Joe Mokos. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.66_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that zip archives use UTC for file modification times to ensure
+        repeatable builds across time zones. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. (lihan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Czech translations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to German translations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations. Contributed by tak7iji and
+        Shirayuking. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. Contributed by 수현. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Russian translations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Spanish translations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Further automation to the build process to reduce the number of manual
+        steps that release managers must perform. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.65_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-07-20</span> Tomcat 9.0.65 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.65_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66104">66104</a>: Avoid error message by not trying to clean up old
+        files from the logging directory before the directory has been created.
+        Based on <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/521">#521</a> by HanLi. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.65_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Provide dedicated loggers
+        (<code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.handshake</code> /
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.Nio2Endpoint.handshake</code>) for TLS
+        handshake failures. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Enable the use of the FIPS provider for TLS enabled Connectors when
+        using Tomcat Native 1.2.34 onwards built with OpenSSL 3.0.x onwards.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Deprecated the <code>jvmRoute</code> system property used to configure a
+        default value for the <code>jvmRoute</code> attribute of an Engine.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix duplicate Poller registration with HTTP/2, NIO and async IO that
+        could cause HTTP/2 connections to unexpectedly fail. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.65_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 19 (with the value <code>19</code>) as
+        the compiler source and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. If used
+        with an Eclipse JDT compiler version that does not support these values,
+        a warning will be logged and the default will used.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.65_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Documentation. <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62245">62245</a>: Include <code>contextXsltFile</code>
+        when discussing options for configuring directory listings. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Examples. Fix CVE-2022-34305, a low severity XSS vulnerability in the
+        Form authentication example. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Documentation. Expand the description of the <code>useSendfile</code>
+        attribute for HTTP/2 and reference the possibility of file locking when
+        using this feature on Windows operating systems. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.65_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to bnd 6.3.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        The minimum Ant version required to build Tomcat 9.0.x is now 1.10.2.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add additional automation to the build process to reduce the number of
+        manual steps that release managers must perform. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Implement support for reproducible builds. Reproducible builds are
+        independent of operating system but require the same Ant version and
+        same JDK (vendor and version) to be used as associated version
+        information is embedded in a number of build outputs such as JAR file
+        manifests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.34 to
+        improve the support for building with OpenSSL 3.0.x.(markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove and/or update references to the removed
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.res</code> package. The
+        <code>LocalStrings*.properties</code> files in that package were moved
+        to <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.threads</code> package for consistency
+        with the rest of the Tomcat code base.
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66134">66134</a>: The NSIS based Tomcat installer for Windows now
+        correctly handles the combination of <code>TomcatAdminRoles</code>
+        defined in a configuration file and selecting the Manager and/or
+        Host Manager web applications in the installer's GUI. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.27. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.5.3. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by tak7iji. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.35 to
+        pick up Windows binaries built with OpenSSL 1.1.1q.(markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.64_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-06-09</span> Tomcat 9.0.64 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.64_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the memory leak protection code to support stopping application
+        created executor threads when running on Java 19 and later. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the error message if a required <code>--add-opens</code> option
+        is missing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Disable the memory leak correction code enabled by the Context attribute
+        <code>clearReferencesObjectStreamClassCaches</code> when running on a
+        JRE that includes a fix for the underlying memory leak. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/515">#515</a>: Avoid deadlock on startup with some utility executor
+        configurations. Submitted by Han Li. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66068">66068</a>: Ensure that the changes made to a request by the
+        <code>RemoteIPValve</code> persist after the request is put into
+        asynchronous mode. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Include the major version in the recommended version used for Tomcat
+        Native with the <code>AprLifecycleListener</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.64_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Additional fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65118">65118</a>. Fix a potential
+        <code>NullPointerException</code> when pruning closed HTTP/2 streams
+        from the connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66076">66076</a>: When using TLS with non-blocking writes and the NIO
+        connector, ensure that flushing the buffers attempts to empty all of the
+        output buffers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66084">66084</a>: Correctly calculate bytes written to a response. Pull
+        request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/516">#516</a> provided by aooohan HanLi. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the support added for encrypted PKCS#1 formatted
+        private keys in the previous release that broke support for unencrypted
+        PKCS#1 formatted private keys. (jfclere/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove support for NPN when using the Tomcat Native Connector as NPN was
+        never standardised and browser support for NPN was removed several years
+        ago. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.64_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update <code>ImportHandler</code> optimisation for new classes
+        introduced in Java 19. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.64_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66064">66064</a>: Update the building page in the documentation web
+        application to reflect changes in required Java version and source
+        repository. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Documentation. Make the description of the HTTP/1.1 configuration
+        attributes that control the maximum allowed HTTP header size more
+        specific. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.64_(remm)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Increase the default buffer size for replication messages from 43800 to
+        65536 bytes. This is expected to improve performance for large messages
+        when running on Linux based systems. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.64_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by Shirayuking and
+        tak7iji. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations contributed by Dingzi2012. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.63_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-05-16</span> Tomcat 9.0.63 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.63_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65736">65736</a>: Disable the <code>forceString</code> option for the
+        JNDI <code>BeanFactory</code> and replace it with an automatic search
+        for an alternative setter with the same name that accepts a
+        <code>String</code>. This is a security hardening measure. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65853">65853</a>: Refactor the <code>CsrfPreventionFilter</code> to make
+        it easier for sub-classes to modify the nonce generation and storage.
+        Based on suggestions by Marvin Fr&ouml;hlich. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65991">65991</a>: Avoid NPE with <code>SSLAuthenticator</code> when
+        <code>boundOnInit</code> is used on a connector, during the check
+        for client certificate authentication availability. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66009">66009</a>: Use <code>getSubjectX500Principal().toString()</code>
+        rather than <code>getSubjectX500Principal().getName(...)</code> to
+        retrieve a certificate DN, to match the output of the deprecated
+        <code>getSubjectDN().getName()</code> that was used previously. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Revert the change in 9.0.59 that added a mapping of
+        <code>Shift_JIS</code> for the <code>ja</code> locale to the default
+        mappings used by <code>ServletResponse.setLocale()</code> as it
+        caused regressions for applications using UTF-8. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Provide a property source that sources values from Kubernetes service
+        bindings. Pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/512">#512</a> provided by Sumit Kulhadia and
+        Gareth Evans. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.63_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/501">#501</a>: Add new <code>maxHttpRequestHeaderSize</code> and
+        <code>maxHttpResponseHeaderSize</code> attributes which allow setting
+        the maximum HTTP header sizes independently. If not specified, the
+        value of the <code>maxHttpHeaderSize</code> connector attribute will
+        be used. Submitted by Zhongming Hua. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The root cause of the Linux kernel duplicate accept bug has been
+        identified along with the version of the kernel that includes the fix.
+        The error message displayed when this bug occurs has been updated to
+        reflect this new information and to advise users to update to a version
+        of the OS that uses kernel 5.10 or later. Thanks to Christopher Gual for
+        the research into this issue. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66023">66023</a>: Improve the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65726">65726</a> and support HTTP
+        upgrade with a request body for a wider set of use cases. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for encrypted PKCS#1 formatted private keys when configuring
+        the internal, in memory key store. Based on <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/511">#511</a>.
+        (jfclere/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove the <code>prestartminSpareThreads</code> attribute of the
+        <code>StandardThreadExecutor</code> since all core threads are always
+        started by default making this attribute meaningless. Pull request
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/510">#510</a> provided by Aooohan. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.63_(remm)/Webapps">Webapps</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66008">66008</a>: In the documentation web application, clarify the
+        recommendation for the use the <code>trimSpaces</code> option for Jasper
+        in production environments. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the documentation web application to state that the
+        <code>EncryptInterceptor</code> does not provide sufficient protection
+        to run Tomcat clustering over an untrusted network. This is
+        CVE-2022-29885. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.63_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to German translations contributed by Thomas Hoffmann.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by Shirayuking.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to Commons Daemon 1.3.1. This fixes a known regression in 1.3.0
+        when configuring the Windows service with custom scripts as described in
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66055">66055</a>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to JSign 4.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.33 to
+        pick up Windows binaries built with OpenSSL 1.1.1o.(markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.62_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-04-01</span> Tomcat 9.0.62 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.62_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+         Effectively disable the
+         <code>WebappClassLoaderBase.getResources()</code> method as it is not
+         used and if something accidentally exposes the class loader this method
+         can be used to gain access to Tomcat internals. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.61_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.61 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.61_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Harden the CredentialHandler implementations by switching to a
+        constant-time implementation for credential comparisons. (schultz/markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.61_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use a constant for the default TLS cipher suite. This will allow
+        skipping setting it in some cases (for example, it does not make
+        sense for OpenSSL TLS 1.3). (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/487">#487</a>: Improve logging of unknown settings frames. Pull request
+        by Thomas Hoffmann. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65975">65975</a>: Add a warning if a TLS virtual host is configured with
+        optional certificate authentication and the containing connector is also
+        configured to support HTTP/2 as HTTP/2 does not permit optional
+        certificate authentication. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65975">65975</a>: Add a warning if a TLS virtual host is configured for
+        TLS 1.3 with a JSSE implementation and a web application is configured
+        for <code>CLIENT-CERT</code> authentication. <code>CLIENT-CERT</code>
+        authentication requires post-handshake authentication (PHA) when used
+        with TLS 1.3 but the JSSE TLS 1.3 implementation does not support PHA.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the recycling of Processor objects to make it more robust.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.61_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65959">65959</a>: Serialize Function as String[] rather Class[]. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.61_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65952">65952</a>: Align <code>--add-opens</code> configuration for jsvc
+        with the current Tomcat scripts. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the AJP and HTTP/1.1 Connector configuration pages in the
+        documentation web application to show which attributes are applicable to
+        all Connectors and which are implementation specific. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.61_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a spelling mistake in the German translations. Thanks to Thomas
+        Hoffmann. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65951">65951</a>: Use the <code>tomcat.output</code> property for OSGi bundle
+        manifest paths. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to Commons Daemon 1.3.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to Checkstyle 10.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to SpotBugs 4.6.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the <code>spotbugs</code> Ant task to also cover test code.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to bnd 6.2.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove OSGi annotations dependency as it is no longer required with bnd
+        6.2.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the resource files for the Apache Tomcat installer for Windows
+        so that all the resource files are located in a single directory in the
+        source tree. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.32 to
+        pick up Windows binaries built with OpenSSL 1.1.1n.(markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations contributed by 15625988003. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by tak7iji. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand coverage of translations for <code>jakarta.el</code> package.
+        Based on <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/488">#488</a> from Volodymyr Siedlecki. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.60_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-03-14</span> Tomcat 9.0.60 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.60_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65921">65921</a>: The <code>type</code> substitution flag for the
+        rewrite valve should set the content type for the response, not the
+        request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/479">#479</a>: Enable the rewrite valve to redirect requests when the
+        original request cannot be mapped to a context. This typically happens
+        when no ROOT context is defined. Pull request by elkman. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65940">65940</a>: Fix <code>NullPointerException</code> if an exception
+        occurs during the destruction of a Servlet. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.60_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix regression introduced with <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65757">65757</a> bugfix which better
+        identified non request threads but which introduced a similar problem
+        when user code was doing sequential operations in a single thread.
+        Test case code submitted by Istvan Szekely. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix potential thread-safety issue that could cause HTTP/1.1 request
+        processing to wait, and potentially timeout, waiting for additional
+        data when the full request has been received. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Throw <code>IOException</code> rather than
+        <code>IllegalStateException</code> when the application attempts to
+        write to an HTTP/2 stream after the client has closed the stream.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.60_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When resolving methods in EL expressions that use beans and/or static
+        fields, ensure that any custom type conversion is considered when
+        identifying the method to call. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.60_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the name of the <code>value</code> attribute in the new
+        documentation of <code>OpenSSLConfCmd</code> elements. (rjung)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.59_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-02-28</span> Tomcat 9.0.59 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.59_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add <code>ha-api-*.jar</code> and <code>jaxws-rt-*.jar</code> to the
+        list of JARs to skip when scanning for TLDs, web fragments and
+        annotations. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the default mappings used by
+        <code>ServletResponse.setLocale()</code> to include a mapping from the
+        <code>ja</code> locale to the <code>Shift_JIS</code> encoding. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65806">65806</a>: Improve the handling of session ID generation when the
+        default algorithm for <code>SecureRandom</code> (<code>SHA1PRNG</code>)
+        is not supported by the configured providers as will be the case for a
+        FIPS compliant configuration. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/464">#464</a>: Fall back to the class loader used to load JULI when the
+        thread context class loader is not set. In a normal Tomcat
+        configuration, this will be the system class loader. Based on a pull
+        request by jackshirazi. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/469">#469</a>: Include the Java Annotations API in the classes that
+        Tomcat will not load from web applications. Pull request provided by
+        ppkarwasz. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/472">#472</a>: Add support for additional user attributes to
+        <code>TomcatPrincipal</code> and <code>GenericPrincipal</code>.
+        Patch provided by Carsten Klein. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential <code>StringIndexOutOfBoundsException</code> exception
+        when generating a WebDAV multi-status response after an error during a
+        copy or delete. Report the paths relative to the server root for any
+        resources with an error. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the format of WebDAV XML responses to make them easier for
+        humans to read. The change ensures that there is always a line break
+        before starting a new element. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve validation of the <code>Destination</code> header for WebDAV
+        <code>MOVE</code> and <code>COPY</code> requests. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.59_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65454">65454</a> that meant that
+        <code>minSpareThreads</code> and <code>maxThreads</code> settings were
+        ignored when the Connector used an internal executor. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65776">65776</a>: Improve the detection of the Linux duplicate accept
+        bug and reduce (hopefully avoid) instances of false positives. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65848">65848</a>: Revert the change that attempted to align the
+        behaviour of client certificate authentication with NIO or NIO2 with
+        OpenSSL for TLS between MacOS and Linux/Windows as the root cause was
+        traced to configuration differences. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/467">#467</a>: When system time moves backwards (e.g. after clock
+        correction), ensure that the cached formatted current date used for
+        HTTP headers tracks this change. Pull request provided by zhenguoli.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.59_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/474">#474</a>: Prevent a tag file from corrupting the ELContext of the
+        calling page. Pull request provided by Dmitri Blinov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Minor optimisation of serialization for <code>FunctionMapperImpl</code>
+        in response to pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/476">#476</a>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.59_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove the applet example from the example web application as applets
+        are no longer supported in any major browser. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor a small number of pages in the examples web application to
+        avoid an issue with reproducible builds due to differences in file
+        ordering across different operating systems with Ant's zip task. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Better documentation for the <code>protocol</code> attribute of the
+        <code>JNDIRealm</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Clarify the settings described in the documentation web application to
+        configure a cluster using static membership. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add information on the <code>OpenSSLConf</code> and
+        <code>OpenSSLConfCmd</code> elements to the HTTP SSL configuration page
+        in the documentation web applications. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.59_(remm)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Use LF line endings for text files in JARs to support reproducible
+        builds across different operating systems. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.59_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Switch to building with Java 11 and using <code>--release</code> to
+        target Java 8. Once back-ported to all currently supported branches,
+        this will reduce the number of Java versions developers need to juggle.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Use LF line endings for text files in JARs to support reproducible
+        builds across different operating systems. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix dependencies for individual test targets in Ant build file. Based on
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/468">#468</a> provided by Totoo chenyonghui. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.26. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Revert the cherry-pick of JavaDoc fix from DBCP applied in 9.0.57 that
+        broke the <code>DataSourceMXBean</code> by using a type that isn't
+        supported by MXBeans. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.58_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2022-01-20</span> Tomcat 9.0.58 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.58_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65785">65785</a> that broke HTTP/2
+        server push. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.57_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.57 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.57_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add additional locking to <code>DataSourceUserDatabase</code> to provide
+        improved protection for concurrent modifications. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add recycling check in the input and output stream isReady to try to
+        give a more informative ISE when the facade has been recycled. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove the deprecated <code>JmxRemoteLifecycleListener</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make the calculation of the session storage location more robust when
+        using file based persistent storage. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.57_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65726">65726</a>: Implement support for HTTP/1.1 upgrade when the
+        request includes a body. The maximum permitted size of the body is
+        controlled by <code>maxSavePostSize</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Restore pre-starting of <code>minSpareThreads</code> lost in the fix for
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65454">65454</a>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Revert the previous fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65714">65714</a> and implement a more
+        comprehensive fix. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65757">65757</a>: Missing initial IO listener notification on Servlet
+        container dispatch to another container thread. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Expand the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65757">65757</a> so that rather than just checking if
+        processing is happening on a container thread, the check is now if
+        processing is happening on the container thread currently allocated to
+        this request/response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the fix for RST frame ordering added in 9.0.56 to avoid a
+        potential deadlock on some systems in non-default configurations.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65767">65767</a>:  Add support for certificates that use keys encrypted
+        using PBES2. Based on a pull request provided by xiezhaokun. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor testing whether a String is a valid HTTP token. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65785">65785</a>: Perform additional validation of HTTP headers when
+        using HTTP/2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When a Connector or Endpoint is paused, ensure that only new connections
+        and new requests on existing connections are stopped while allowing in
+        progress requests to run to completion. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Explicitly release ByteBuffer instances associated with pooled channels
+        when stopping the NioEndpoint and Nio2Endpoint. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Narrow the scope of the logging of invalid cookie headers to just the
+        invalid cookie rather than the whole cookie header. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.57_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65724">65724</a>: Fix missing messages for some
+        <code>PropertyNotWritableException</code>s caused by a typo in the name
+        used for a resource string. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 18 (with the value <code>18</code>) as
+        the compiler source and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. If used
+        with an Eclipse JDT compiler version that does not support these values,
+        a warning will be logged and the default will used.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.57_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for POJO WebSocket endpoints to the programmatic upgrade
+        that allows applications to opt to upgrade an HTTP connection to
+        WebSocket. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65763">65763</a>: Improve handling of WebSocket connection close if a
+        message write times out before the message is fully written. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.57_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.25. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.5.0. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations contributed by zhnnn. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by Shirayuking, yoshy
+        and tak7iji. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update SpotBugs to 4.5.2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the NSIS installer to 3.08. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update UnboundID to 6.0.3. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update CheckStyle to 9.2.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update BND to 6.1.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update OSGI annotations to 1.1.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.56_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2021-12-02</span> Tomcat 9.0.56 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.56_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make SPNEGO authentication more robust for the case where the provided
+        credential has expired. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65684">65684</a>: Fix a potential <code>NullPointerException</code> when
+        using JULI. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Docs: " class="icon" src="./images/docs.gif">
+        Document conditions under which the <code>AprLifecycleListener</code>
+        can be used to avoid JVM crashes. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the <code>AsyncFileHandler</code> to reduce the possibility of
+        log messages being lost on shutdown. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor the <code>AsyncFileHandler</code> to remove the need for the
+        <code>org.apache.juli.AsyncLoggerPollInterval</code>. If set, this
+        property now has no effect. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add debug logging to the <code>RestCsrfPreventionFilter</code>. Based on
+        pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/452">#452</a> by Polina Georgieva. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65710">65710</a>: Implement a workaround for a JVM bug that can trigger
+        a file descriptor leak when using multi-part upload and the application
+        does not explicitly close an input stream for an uploaded file that was
+        cached on disk. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.56_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve error handling if APR/Native fails to attach TLS capabilities to
+        a TLS enabled client connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve error handling if APR/Native fails to accept an incoming
+        connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Provide protection against a known <a href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1924298">OS
+        bug</a> that causes the acceptor to report an incoming connection more
+        than once. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid unnecessary duplicate read registrations for blocking I/O with the
+        NIO connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65677">65677</a>: Improve exception handling for errors during HTTP/1.1
+        reads with NIO2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor APR/native connector shutdown to remove a potential source of
+        JVM crashes on shutdown when sendfile is used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When an error occurs that triggers a stream reset, ensure that the first
+        <code>RST</code> frame sent to the client is the one associated with the
+        error that triggered the reset. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65714">65714</a>: Fix exceptions when the security manager is enabled
+        and the first request received after starting is an HTTP request to a
+        TLS enabled NIO2 connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Ensure that using NIO or NIO2 with OpenSSL for TLS behaves the same way
+        on MacOS as it does on Linux and Windows when no trusted certificate
+        authorities are configured and reject all client certificates. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a potential deadlock during the concurrent processing of incoming
+        HTTP/2 frames for a stream and that stream being reset. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.56_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Switch from Cobertura to JaCoCo for code coverage as Cobertura does not
+        support code coverage for code compiled for Java 11 onwards. It also
+        removes the need to use a single thread to run the tests. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.55_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2021-11-10</span> Tomcat 9.0.55 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.55_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve robustness of JNDIRealm for exceptions occurring when getting
+        the connection. Also add missing close when running into issues
+        getting the passord of a user. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Docs: " class="icon" src="./images/docs.gif">
+        Add Javadoc comment which listeners must be nested within
+        <code>Server</code> elements only. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for custom caching strategies for web application resources.
+        This initial implementation allows control over whether or not a
+        resource is cached. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Log warning if a listener is not nested inside a Server element
+        although it must have been. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.55_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Improve performance of Connector shutdown - primarily to reduce the time
+        it takes to run the test suite. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the APR/native connector shutdown to reduce the possibility of
+        a JVM crash during the connector shutdown. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/457">#457</a>: Add a <code>toString()</code> method to
+        <code>MimeHeader</code> to aid debugging. (dblevins)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add experimental OpenSSL support through the Panama API incubating in
+        Java 17, with support for OpenSSL 1.1+. This no longer requires
+        tomcat-native or APR. Please refer to the <code>openssl-java17</code>
+        module from the <code>main</code> branch for more details. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix APR connector stop so it correctly waits for the sendfile thread, if
+        any, to exit. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not ignore the error condition if the APR connector is not able to
+        open a server socket as continuing in this case will trigger a JVM crash.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential JVM crash when using the APR/Native connector with TLS.
+        A crash could occur if the connector was stopped whilst a connection was
+        performing a TLS handshake. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.55_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Regenerate the EL parser using JavaCC 7.0.10. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a bug that prevented the EL parser correctly parsing a literal Map
+        that used variables rather than literals for both keys and values.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.55_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add a new method <code>WsServerContainer.upgradeHttpToWebSocket()</code>
+        to align with the new method that will be available from WebSocket 2.1
+        onwards. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.55_(remm)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/454">#454</a>: Differentiate warning messages in
+        <code>KubernetesMembershipProvider</code> so that the missing attribute
+        is clear to the user. PR provided by Hal Deadman. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.54_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2021-10-01</span> Tomcat 9.0.54 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.54_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Provide the DataSource in the constructor of
+        <code>DataSourceUserDatabase</code>, since it is always global. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix delete then create object manipulations with
+        <code>DataSourceUserDatabase</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65553">65553</a>: Implement a work-around for a
+        <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8273874">JRE bug</a>
+        that can trigger a memory leak when using the JNDI realm. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65586">65586</a>: Fix the bloom filter used to improve performance of
+        archive file look ups in the web resources implementation so it works
+        correctly for directory lookups whether or not the provided directory
+        name includes the trailing <code>/</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/451">#451</a>: Improve the usefulness of the thread name cache used in
+        JULI. Pull request provided by t-gergely. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.54_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65563">65563</a>: Correct parsing of HTTP <code>Content-Range</code>
+        headers. Tomcat was incorrectly requiring an <code>=</code> character
+        after <code>bytes</code>. Fix based on pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/449">#449</a> by
+        Thierry Gu&eacute;rin. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a potential <code>StackOverflowException</code> with HTTP/2 and
+        sendfile. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Further improvements in the management of the connection flow control
+        window. This addresses various bugs that caused streams to incorrectly
+        report that they had timed out waiting for an allocation from the
+        connection flow control window. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65577">65577</a>: Fix a <code>AccessControlException</code> reporting
+        when running an NIO2 connector with TLS enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Reclassify TLS ciphers that use AESCCM8 as medium security rather than
+        high security to align with recent changes in OpenSSL. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix an issue that caused some Servlet non-blocking API reads of the HTTP
+        request body to incorrectly use blocking IO. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.54_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the implementation of <code>MethodExpression.getMethodInfo()</code>
+        so that it returns the expected value rather than failing when the
+        method expression is defined with the parameter values in the expression
+        rather than the types being passed explicitly to
+        <code>ExpressionFactory.createMethodExpression()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.54_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The internal upgrade handler should close the associated
+        <code>WebConnection</code> on destroy. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.54_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Clarify the JASPIC configuration options in the documentation web
+        application. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.54_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65585">65585</a>: Update obsolete comments at the start of the
+        <code>build.properties.default</code> file. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.53_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2021-09-10</span> Tomcat 9.0.53 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.53_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enable Tomcat to start if an (old) XML parser is configured that does
+        not support <code>allow-java-encodings</code>. A warning will be logged
+        if such an XML parser is detected. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Change the behaviour of custom error pages. If an error occurs after the
+        response is committed, once the custom error page content has been added
+        to the response the connection is now closed immediately rather than
+        closed cleanly. i.e. the last chunk that marks the end of the response
+        body is no longer sent. This acts as an additional signal to the client
+        that the request experienced an error. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65479">65479</a>: When handling requests using JASPIC authentication,
+        ensure that <code>PasswordValidationCallback.getResult()</code> returns
+        the result of the password validation rather than always returning
+        <code>false</code>. Fixed via pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/438">#438</a> provided by
+        Robert Rodewald. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the authenticators to delegate the check for preemptive
+        authentication to the individual authenticators where an authentication
+        scheme specific check can be performed. Based on pull request
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/444">#444</a> by Robert Rodewald. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Improve the reusability of the <code>UserDatabase</code> by adding
+        intermediate concrete implementation classes and allowing to do
+        partial database updates on <code>save</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a <code>UserDatabase</code> implementation as a superset of the
+        <code>DataSourceRealm</code> functionality. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make sure the dynamic Principal returned by
+        <code>UserDatabaseRealm</code> stays up to date with the database
+        contents, and add an option to have it be static, similar to the other
+        realms. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add <code>derby-*.jar</code> to the list of JARs to skip when scanning
+        for TLDs, web fragments and annotations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/447">#447</a>. Correct JPMS metadata for catalina.jar. Pull request
+        provided by Hui Wang. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.53_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a logic error that meant setting
+        <code>certificateKeystoreFile</code> to <code>NONE</code> did not have
+        the expected effect. <code>NONE</code> was incorrectly treated as a file
+        path. Patch provided by Mikael Sterner. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65505">65505</a>: When an HTTP header value is removed, ensure that the
+        order of the remaining header values is unchanged. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.53_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65506">65506</a>: Fix write timeout check that was using the read
+        timeout value. Patch submitted by Gustavo Mahlow. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.53_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove unnecessary Context settings from the examples web application.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Document default value for <code>unpackWARs</code> and related clean-up.
+        Pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/439">#439</a> provided by Robert Rodewald. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Clarify the documentation of the <code>compressionMinSize</code> and
+        <code>compressibleMimeType</code> HTTP <code>Connector</code>
+        attributes. Pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/442">#442</a> provided by crisgeek. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.53_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix failing build when building on non-English locales. Pull request
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/441">#441</a> provided by Dachuan J. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to JSign version 4.0 to enable code signing without the need for
+        the installation of additional client tools. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons BCEL to 40d5eb4 (2021-09-01,
+        6.6.0-SNAPSHOT). Code clean-up only. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Codec to fd44e6b (2021-09-01,
+        1.16-SNAPSHOT). Minor refactoring. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add Apache Derby 10.14.2.0 to the testsuite dependencies, for JDBC
+        and DataSource testing. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65661">65661</a>: Update the internal fork of Apache Commons FileUpload
+        to 33d2d79 (2021-09-01, 2.0-SNAPSHOT). Refactoring and code clean-up. As
+        a result of Commons File Upload now using
+        <code>java.nio.file.Files</code>, applications using multi-part uploads
+        need to ensure that the JVM is configured with sufficient direct memory
+        to store all in progress multi-part uploads. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Pool to 2.11.1 (2021-08-17).
+        Improvements, code clean-up and refactoring. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP to 2.9.0 (2021-08-03).
+        Improvements, code clean-up and refactoring. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.31 to
+        pick up Windows binaries built with OpenSSL 1.1.1l.(markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Switch to the CDN as the primary download location for ASF dependencies.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations contributed by syseal, wolibo,
+        ZhangJieWen and DigitalFatCat. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by tak7iji. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.52_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2021-08-06</span> Tomcat 9.0.52 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.52_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65476">65476</a>: Correct an error in some code clean-up that mean that
+        web application classes were not configured with the correct package.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.51_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.51 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.51_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65411">65411</a>: Always close the connection when an uncaught
+        <code>NamingException</code> occurs to avoid connection locking.
+        Submitted by Ole Ostergaard. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65433">65433</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65397">65397</a>
+        where a <code>StringIndexOutOfBoundsException</code> could be triggered
+        if the canonical path of the target of a symlink was shorter than the
+        canonical path of the directory in which the symlink had been created.
+        Patch provided by Cedomir Igaly. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65443">65443</a>: Refactor the <code>CorsFilter</code> to make it easier
+        to extend. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        To avoid unnecessary cache revalidation, do not add an HTTP
+        <code>Expires</code> header when setting adding an HTTP header of
+        <code>CacheControl: private</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.51_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When writing an HTTP/2 response via sendfile (only enabled when
+        <code>useAsyncIO</code> is true) the connection flow control window was
+        sometimes ignored leading to various error conditions. sendfile now
+        checks both the stream and connection flow control windows before
+        writing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add debug logging for writing an HTTP/2 response via sendfile. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct bugs in the HTTP/2 connection flow control management that meant
+        it was possible for a connection to stall waiting for a connection flow
+        control window update that had already arrived. Any streams on that
+        connection that were trying to write when this happened would time out.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65448">65448</a>: When using TLS with NIO, it was possible for a
+        blocking response write to hang just before the final TLS packet
+        associated with the response until the connection timed out at which
+        point the final packet would be sent and the connection closed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65454">65454</a>: Fix a race condition that could result in a delay to
+        a new request. The new request could be queued to wait for an existing
+        request to finish processing rather than the thread pool creating a new
+        thread to process the new request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65460">65460</a>: Correct a regression introduced in the previous
+        release in the change to reduce the number of small HTTP/2 window
+        updates sent for streams. A logic error meant that small window updates
+        for the connection were dropped. This meant that the connection flow
+        window slowly reduced over time until nothing could be sent. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.51_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65404">65404</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63362">63362</a>
+        that caused the server status page in the Manager web application to be
+        truncated if HTTP upgrade was used such as when starting a WebSocket
+        connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.51_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations contributed by ZhangJieWen and
+        chengzheyan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations contributed by tak7iji. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use of GraalVM native images no longer automatically disables JMX
+        support. JMX support may still be disabled by calling
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.Registry.disableRegistry()</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.50_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2021-07-02</span> Tomcat 9.0.50 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.50_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Jakarta to Javax backport issue in tests. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.49_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.49 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.49_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the <code>RemoteIpValve</code> to use the common utility method
+        for list to comma separated string conversion. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor <code>JNDIRealm$JNDIConnection</code> so its fields are
+        accessible to sub-classes of <code>JNDIRealm</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix serialization warnings in <code>UserDatabasePrincipal</code>
+        reported by SpotBugs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65397">65397</a>: Calls to
+        <code>ServletContext.getResourcePaths()</code> no longer include
+        symbolic links in the results unless <code>allowLinking</code> has been
+        set to <code>true</code>. If a resource is skipped because of this
+        change, a warning will be logged as this typically indicates a
+        configuration issue. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.49_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65368">65368</a>: Improve handling of clean closes of inbound TLS
+        connections. Treat them the same way as clean closes of non-TLS
+        connections rather than as unknown errors. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Modify the HTTP/2 connector not to sent small updates for stream flow
+        control windows to the user agent as, depending on how the user agent is
+        written, this may trigger small writes from the user agent that in turn
+        trigger the overhead protection. Small updates for stream flow control
+        windows are now combined with subsequent flow control window updates for
+        that stream to ensure that all stream flow control window updates sent
+        from Tomcat are larger than <code>overheadWindowUpdateThreshold</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add additional debug logging to track the current state of the HTTP/2
+        overhead count that Tomcat uses to detect and close potentially
+        malicious connections. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Many HTTP/2 requests from browsers will trigger one overhead frame and
+        one non-overhead frame. Change the overhead calculation so that a
+        non-overhead frame reduces the current overhead count by 2 rather than
+        1. This means that, over time, the overhead count for a well-behaved
+        connection will trend downwards. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Change the initial HTTP/2 overhead count from <code>-10</code> to
+        <code>-10 * overheadCountFactor</code>. This means that, regardless of
+        the value chosen for <code>overheadCountFactor</code>, when a connection
+        opens 10 overhead frames in a row will be required to trigger the
+        overhead protection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Increase the default <code>overheadCountFactor</code> from
+        <code>1</code> to <code>10</code> and change the reduction in overhead
+        count for a non-overhead frame from <code>-2</code> to <code>-20</code>.
+        This allows for a larger range (0-20) to be used for
+        <code>overheadCountFactor</code> providing for finer-grained control.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Modify the parsing of HTTP header values that use the
+        <code>1#token</code> to ignore empty elements as per RFC 7230 section 7
+        instead of treating the presence of empty elements as an error. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Expand the unit tests for <code>HttpServlet.doHead()</code> and correct
+        the flushing of the response buffer. The buffer used to behave as if it
+        was one byte smaller than the configured size. The buffer was flushed
+        (and the response committed if required) when the buffer was full. The
+        buffer is now flushed (and the response committed if required) if the
+        buffer is full and there is more data to write. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix an issue where concurrent HTTP/2 writes (or concurrent reads) to the
+        same connection could hang and eventually timeout when async IO was
+        enabled (it is enabled by default). (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.49_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65390">65390</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65124">65124</a>
+        and restore code that was removed in error leading to JSP compilation
+        failures in some circumstances. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4.20. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 17 (with the value <code>17</code>) as
+        the compiler source and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. If used
+        with an Eclipse JDT compiler version that does not support these values,
+        a warning will be logged and the latest supported version will used.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65377">65377</a>: Update the Java code generation for JSPs not to use
+        the boxed primitive constructors as they have been deprecated in Java 9
+        and marked for future removal in Java 16. <code>valueOf()</code> is now
+        used instead. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.49_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the <code>DigestAuthenticator</code> to reuse a shared
+        <code>SecureRandom</code> instance rather than create a new one to
+        generate the <code>cnonce</code> if required. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.49_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65385">65385</a>: Correct the link in the documentation web application
+        the Maven Central repository. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.49_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.23. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.4.4. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65369">65369</a> / <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/422">#422</a>: Add the additional
+        <code>--add-opens=...</code> options required for running Tomcat on Java
+        16 onwards to the <code>service.bat</code> script to align it with the
+        other start-up scripts. PR provided by MCMicS. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update JUnit to version 4.13.2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update EasyMock to 4.3. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Objenesis to 3.2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update UnboundID to 6.0.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update CheckStyle to 8.43. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update SpotBugs to 4.2.3. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update OSGi annotations to 1.1.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.48_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">2021-06-15</span> Tomcat 9.0.48 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.48_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Regression when generating reflection due to removed NIO classes
+        in 9.0.47. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.48_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Use JSign to integrate the build script with the code signing service to
+        enable release builds to be created on Linux as well as Windows. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.47_(remm)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.47 (remm)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.47_(remm)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65301">65301</a>: <code>RemoteIpValve</code> will now avoid getting
+        the local host name when it is not needed. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65308">65308</a>: NPE in JNDIRealm when no <code>userRoleAttribute</code>
+        is given. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/412">#412</a>: Add commented out, sample users for the Tomcat Manager app
+        to the default <code>tomcat-users.xml</code> file. Based on a PR by
+        Arnaud Dagnelies. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/418">#418</a>: Add a new option, <code>pass-through</code>, to the
+        default servlet's <code>useBomIfPresent</code> initialization parameter
+        that causes the default servlet to leave any BOM in place when
+        processing a static file and not to use the BOM to determine the
+        encoding of the file. Based on a pull request by Jean-Louis Monteiro.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add <code>cookieName</code> attribute to the SSO valve to configure the
+        SSO cookie name. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/pull/419">#419</a>: When processing POST requests of type
+        <code>multipart/form-data</code> for parts without a filename that are
+        added to the parameter map in String form, check the size of the part
+        before attempting conversion to String. Pull request provided by
+        tianshuang. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62912">62912</a>: Don't mutate an application provided content header if
+        it does not contain a charset. Also remove the outdated workaround for
+        the buggy Adobe Reader 9 plug-in for IE. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        AprLifecycleListener does not show dev version suffix for libtcnative
+        and libapr. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor principal handling in <code>UserDatabaseRealm</code> using
+        an inner class that extends <code>GenericPrincipal</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enable the default <code>doHead()</code> implementation in
+        <code>HttpServlet</code> to correctly handle responses where the content
+        length needs to be represented as a long since it is larger than the
+        maximum value that can be represented by an int. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid synchronization on roles verification for the memory
+        <code>UserDatabase</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the default <code>doHead()</code> implementation in
+        <code>HttpServlet</code> to correctly handle responses where the Servlet
+        calls <code>ServletResponse.reset()</code> and/or
+        <code>ServletResponse.resetBuffer()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the default <code>doHead()</code> implementation in
+        <code>HttpServlet</code> to correctly handle responses generated using
+        the Servlet non-blocking API. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.47_(remm)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64943">64943</a>: Add support for Unix Domain Sockets to
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol</code>. Depends on
+        <code>tomcat-native</code> 1.2.26 and up. (minfrin)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65303">65303</a>: Fix a possible <code>NullPointerException</code> if
+        an error occurs on an HTTP/1.1 connection being upgraded to HTTP/2 or on
+        a pushed HTTP/2 stream. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65311">65311</a>: Fix a race condition in the
+        <code>NioBlockingSelector</code> that could cause a delay to select
+        operations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Simplify AprEndpoint socket bind for all platforms. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add back simplification of NIO block read and write, now better
+        validated in Tomcat 10. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Optimize NIO selector handling for Java 11. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65340">65340</a>: Add missing check for a negative return value for
+        <code>Hpack.decodeInteger</code> in the <code>HpackDecoder</code>,
+        which could cause a <code>NegativeArraySizeException</code> exception.
+        Submitted by Thomas, and verified the fix is present in the donated
+        hpack code in a further update. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add debug logging for HTTP/2 HPACK header decoding. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct parsing of HTTP headers consisting of a list of tokens so that a
+        header with an empty token is treated consistently regardless of whether
+        the empty token is at the start, middle or end of the list of tokens.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove support for the <code>identity</code> transfer encoding. The
+        inclusion of this encoding in RFC 2616 was an error that was corrected
+        in 2001. Requests using this transfer encoding will now receive a 501
+        response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Process transfer encoding headers from both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1
+        clients. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that if the transfer encoding header contains the
+        <code>chunked</code>, that the <code>chunked</code> encoding is the
+        final encoding listed. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.47_(remm)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Review code used to generate Java source from JSPs and tags and remove
+        code found to be unnecessary. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor use of internal <code>ChildInfo</code> class to use compile
+        time type checking rather than run time type checking. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65358">65358</a>: Improve expression language method matching for
+        methods with varargs. Where multiple methods may match the provided
+        parameters, the method that requires the fewest varargs is preferred.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65332">65332</a>: Add a commented out section in
+        <code>catalina.policy</code> that provides the necessary permissions to
+        compile JSPs with javac when running on Java 9 onwards with a security
+        manager. It is commented out as it will cause errors if used with
+        earlier Java versions. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.47_(remm)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65317">65317</a>: When using <code>permessage-deflate</code>, the
+        WebSocket connection was incorrectly closed if the uncompressed payload
+        size was an exact multiple of 8192. Based on a patch provided by Saksham
+        Verma. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65342">65342</a>: Correct a regression introduced with the fix for
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65262">65262</a> that meant Tomcat's WebSocket implementation would only
+        work with Tomcat's implementation of the Java EE WebSocket API. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.47_(remm)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the description of the <code>maxConnections</code> and
+        <code>acceptCount</code> attributes in the Connector section of the
+        documentation web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.47_(remm)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65362">65362</a>: Correct a regression in the previous release. The
+        change to create OSGi <code>Require-Capability</code> sections in
+        manifests for Jakarta API JARs manually rather than with bnd annotations
+        did not add the necessary manual entries to the embedded JARs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.30. Also
+        update the minimum recommended version to 1.2.30. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.46_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2021-05-12</span> Tomcat 9.0.46 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.46_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Allow APR connector creation using the listener with the flag and
+        the default <code>HTTP/1.1</code> protocol. (rjung/remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Expand coverage of unit tests for JNDIRealm using the UnboundID LDAP SDK
+        for Java. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65224">65224</a>: Ensure the correct escaping of attribute values and
+        search filters in the JNDIRealm. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65235">65235</a>: Add missing attributes to the MBean descriptor file
+        for the <code>RemoteIpValve</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65244">65244</a>: HandlesTypes should include classes that use
+        the specified annotation types on fields or methods. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65251">65251</a>: Correct a regression introduced in 9.0.44 that meant
+        that the auto-deployment process may attempt a second, concurrent
+        deployment of a web application that is being deployed by the Manager
+        resulting in one of the deployments failing and errors being reported.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the <code>SSLValve</code> so it is able to handle escaped
+        client certificate headers from Nginx. Based on a patch by Florent
+        Guillaume. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.46_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that all HTTP requests that contain an invalid character in the
+        protocol component of the request line are rejected with a 400 response
+        rather than some requests being rejected with a 505 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When generating the error message for an HTTP request with an invalid
+        request line, ensure that all the available data is included in the
+        error message. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65272">65272</a>: Restore the optional HTTP feature that allows
+        <code>LF</code> to be treated as a line terminator for the request line
+        and/or HTTP headers lines as well as the standard <code>CRLF</code>.
+        This behaviour was previously removed as a side-effect of the fix for
+        CVE-2020-1935. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.46_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Review code used to generate Java source from JSPs and tags and remove
+        code found to be unnecessary. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <code>&lt;servlet&gt;</code> entries in web.xml that include a
+        <code>&lt;jsp-file&gt;</code> element and a negative
+        <code>&lt;load-no-startup&gt;</code> element that is not the default
+        value of <code>-1</code> will no longer be loaded at start-up. This
+        makes it possible to define a <code>&lt;jsp-file&gt;</code> that will
+        not be loaded at start-up. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Allow the JSP configuration option
+        <code>useInstanceManagerForTags</code> to be used with Tags that are
+        implemented as inner classes. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.46_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the way Tomcat passes path parameters to POJO end points to
+        simplify the code. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65262">65262</a>: Refactor the creation of WebSocket end point, decoder
+        and encoder instances to be more IoC friendly. Instances are now created
+        via the <code>InstanceManager</code> where possible. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.46_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65235">65235</a>: Correct name of <code>changeLocalName</code> in the
+        documentation for the <code>RemoteIpValve</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65265">65265</a>: Avoid getting the boot classpath when it is not
+        available in the Manager diagnostics. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.46_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Create OSGi <code>Require-Capability</code> sections in manifests for
+        Jakarta API JARs manually rather than via the
+        <code>aQute.bnd.annotation.spi.ServiceConsumer</code> annotation as this
+        triggers TCK failures for downstream consumers of the API JARs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.28.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.22. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.4.3. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Move <code>SystemPropertySource</code> to be a regular class to allow
+        more precise configuration if needed. The system property source will
+        still always be enabled. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. Provided by bytesgo. (mark)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.45_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2021-04-06</span> Tomcat 9.0.45 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.45_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid NPE when a JNDI reference cannot be resolved in favor of a
+        NamingException. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid using reflection for setting properties on the webapp
+        classloader. Based on a patch submitted by Romain Manni-Bucau. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.45_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve consistency of OpenSSL error stack handling in the TLS engine,
+        and log all errors found as debug. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that HTTP/2 streams are only recycled once as multiple attempts
+        to recycle an HTTP/2 stream may result in
+        <code>NullPointerException</code>s. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Simplify the closing on an HTTP/2 stream when an error condition is
+        present. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64771">64771</a>: Prevent concurrent calls to
+        <code>ServletInputStream.isReady()</code> corrupting the input buffer.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65179">65179</a>: Ensure that the connection level flow control window
+        from the client to the server is updated when handling DATA frames
+        received for completed streams else the flow control window  may become
+        exhausted. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65203">65203</a>: Fix a regression introduced in 9.0.44 that meant that
+        an error during an asynchronous read broke all future asynchronous reads
+        associated with the same request instance. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Disable keep-alive when inconsistent content delimitation is present in
+        a request. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.45_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Include the new <code>org.apache.jasper.optimizations</code> package in
+        the list of OSGi exported packages for the Jasper embedded JAR. Patch
+        provided by Sokratis Zappis. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a new option for the <code>trimSpaces</code> configuration.
+        <code>extended</code> will attempt to remove leading and trailing
+        whitespace from template text and collapse sequences of whitespace and
+        newlines within template text into a single new line. Based on a pull
+        request by kamnani. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.45_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Implement the first phase of reproducible builds. Sequential builds on
+        the same machine now produce identical output provided that the Ant
+        property <code>ant.tstamp.now</code> is set. The minimum required Ant
+        version is now 1.9.10. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. Provided by Ruan Wenjun. (mark)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Japanese translations. Provided by kfujino and
+        Shirayuking. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.27.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.44_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2021-03-10</span> Tomcat 9.0.44 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.44_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Revert an incorrect fix for a potential resource leak that broke
+        deployment via the Ant deploy task. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve error message for failed ConfigurationSource lookups in the
+        Catalina implementation. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64938">64938</a>: Align the behaviour when <code>null</code> is passed
+        to the <code>ServletResponse</code> methods
+        <code>setCharacterEncoding()</code>, <code>setContentType()</code> and
+        <code>setLocale()</code> with the recent clarification from the Jakarta
+        Servlet project of the expected behaviour in these cases. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65135">65135</a>: Rename Context method
+        <code>isParallelAnnotationScanning</code> to
+        <code>getParallelAnnotationScanning</code> for consistency and ease
+        of use in JMX descriptors. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the <code>AsyncListener.onError()</code> event is triggered
+        when a I/O error occurs during non-blocking I/O. There were some cases
+        discovered where this was not happening. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make the non-blocking I/O error handling more robust by handling the
+        case where the application code swallows an <code>IOException</code> in
+        <code>WriteListener.onWritePossible()</code> and
+        <code>ReadListener.onDataAvailable()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct syntax error in output of <code>JsonErrorReportValve</code>.
+        Pull request provided by Viraj Kanwade. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Make the <code>StandardContext.postWorkDirectory()</code> protected
+        rather than private to help users wishing to customise the default
+        work directory behaviour. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.44_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65118">65118</a>: Fix a potential <code>NullPointerException</code> when
+        pruning closed HTTP/2 streams from the connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid NullPointerException when a secure channel is closed before the
+        SSL engine was initialized. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the <code>ReadListener</code>'s <code>onError()</code> event
+        is triggered if the client closes the connection before sending the
+        entire request body and the server is ready the request body using
+        non-blocking I/O. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65137">65137</a>: Ensure that a response is not corrupted as well as
+        incomplete if the connection is closed before the response is fully
+        written due to a write timeout. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Related to bug <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65131">65131</a>, make sure all errors from OpenSSL are
+        fully cleared, as there could be more than one error present after
+        an operation (confirmed in the OpenSSL API documentation). (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make handling of OpenSSL read errors more robust when plain text data is
+        reported to be available to read. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct handling of write errors during non-blocking I/O to ensure that
+        the associated <code>AsyncContext</code> was closed down correctly.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.44_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65136">65136</a>: Remove the restriction that prevented the Manager web
+        application deploying different web applications in parallel. This
+        required some refactoring, most notably to
+        <code>HostConfig.check()</code> and how it is used. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.44_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.21. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.4.2. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Brazilian Portuguese translations. Provided by Thiago.
+        (mark)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Russian translations. Provided by Azat. (mark)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. Provided by shawn. (mark)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to bnd 5.3.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.43_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2021-02-02</span> Tomcat 9.0.43 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.43_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65106">65106</a>: Fix the ConfigFileLoader handling of file URIs when
+        running under a security manager on some JREs. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.43_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that SNI provided host names are matched to SSL virtual host
+        configurations in a case insensitive manner. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65111">65111</a>: Free direct memory buffers in the APR connector.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.42_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.42 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.42_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60781">60781</a>: Escape elements in the access log that need to be
+        escaped for the access log to be parsed unambiguously.
+        (fschumacher/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64110">64110</a>: Add support for additional TLS related request
+        attributes that provide details of the protocols and ciphers requested
+        by a client in the initial TLS handshake. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Let the <code>RemoteCIDRValve</code> inherit from
+        <code>RequestFilterValve</code> and support all of its features.
+        Especially add support for connector specific configuration
+        using <code>addConnectorPort</code>. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add <code>peerAddress</code> to coyote request, which contains
+        the IP address of the direct connection peer. If a reverse proxy
+        sits in front of Tomcat and the protocol used is AJP or HTTP
+        in combination with the <code>RemoteIp(Valve|Filter)</code>,
+        the peer address might differ from the <code>remoteAddress</code>.
+        The latter then contains the address of the client in front of the
+        reverse proxy, not the address of the proxy itself.
+        Support for the peer address has been added to the
+        RemoteAddrValve and RemoteCIDRValve with the new attribute
+        <code>usePeerAddress</code>. This can be used to restrict access
+        to Tomcat based on the reverse proxy IP address, which is especially
+        useful to harden access to AJP connectors. The peer address can also
+        be logged in the access log using the new <code>%{peer}a</code>
+        syntax. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid uncaught InaccessibleObjectException on Java 16 trying to clear
+        references threads. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65033">65033</a>: Fix JNDI realm error handling when connecting to a
+        failed server when pooling was not enabled. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65047">65047</a>: If the <code>AccessLogValve</code> is unable to open
+        the access log file, include information on the current user in the
+        associated log message  (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.42_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Additional fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64830">64830</a> to address an edge case that could
+        trigger request corruption with h2c connections. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64974">64974</a>: Improve handling of pipelined HTTP requests in
+        combination with the Servlet non-blocking IO API. It was possible that
+        some requests could get dropped. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for using Unix domain sockets for NIO when running
+        on Java 16 or later. This uses NIO specific
+        <code>unixDomainSocketPath</code> and
+        <code>unixDomainSocketPathPermissions</code> attributes.
+        Based on a PR submitted by Graham Leggett. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65001">65001</a>: Fix error handling for exceptions thrown from calls
+        to <code>ReadListener</code> and <code>WriteListener</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid possible infinite loop in <code>OpenSSLEngine.unwrap</code>
+        when the destination buffers state is changed concurrently. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.42_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a new <code>StringInterpreter</code> interface that allows
+        applications to provide customised string attribute value to type
+        conversion within JSPs. This allows applications to provide a conversion
+        implementation that is optimised for the application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64965">64965</a>: <code>JspContextWrapper.findAttribute</code> should
+        ignore expired sessions rather than throw an
+        <code>IllegalStateException</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4.18. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.42_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65007">65007</a>: Clarify that the commands shown in the TLS
+        documentation for importing a signed TLS certificate from a certificate
+        authority are typical examples that may need to be adjusted in some
+        cases. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.42_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Work around DNS caching for the DNS provider of the cloud membership.
+        (jfclere)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.42_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. Provided by leeyazhou and Yi Shen.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.26.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Pool to 2.9.1-SNAPSHOT
+        (2021-01-15). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP to 2.9.0-SNAPSHOT
+        (2021-01-15). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Migrate to new code signing service. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Use <code>java.nio.file.Path</code> to test for one directory being a
+        sub-directory of another in a consistent way. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to Commons Daemon 1.2.4. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Brazilian Portuguese translations. Provided by Rual
+        Zaninetti Rosa and Lucas. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Russian translations. Provided by Polina and Azat.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the NSIS Installer used to build the Windows installer to version
+        3.06.1. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.41_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-12-08</span> Tomcat 9.0.41 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.41_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=56181">56181</a>: Update the RemoteIpValve and RemoteIpFilter so that
+        calls to <code>ServletRequest.getRemoteHost()</code> are consistent with
+        the return value of <code>ServletRequest.getRemoteAddr()</code> rather
+        than always returning a value for the proxy. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=56890">56890</a>: Align the behaviour of
+        <code>ServletContext.getRealPath(String path)</code> with the recent
+        clarification from the Servlet specification project. If the path
+        parameter does not start with <code>/</code> then Tomcat processes the
+        call as if <code>/</code> is appended to the beginning of the
+        provided path. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64080">64080</a>: Enhance the graceful shutdown feature. Includes a new
+        option for <code>StandardService</code>,
+        <code>gracefulStopAwaitMillis</code>, that allows a time to be
+        specified to wait for client connections to complete and close before
+        the Container hierarchy is stopped. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64921">64921</a>: Ensure that the <code>LoadBalancerDrainingValve</code>
+        uses the correct setting for the secure attribute for any session
+        cookies it creates. Based on a pull request by Andreas Kurth. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64947">64947</a>: Don't assume that the <code>Upgrade</code> header has
+        been set on the <code>HttpServletResponse</code> before any call is made
+        to <code>HttpServletRequest.upgrade()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that values are not duplicated when manipulating the vary header.
+        Based on a pull request by Fredrik Fall. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.41_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64944">64944</a>: Ensure that the bytesSent metric is correctly updated
+        when compression is enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.41_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64951">64951</a>: Fix a potential file descriptor leak when WebSocket
+        connections are attempted and fail. Patch provided by Maurizio Adami.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.41_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the addition of the HTTP header security filter
+        to the examples web application that prevented the Servlet examples that
+        depend on the asynchronous API from functioning correctly.
+        (kkolinko/markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.41_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Start all core threads when starting the receiver and dispatch
+        interceptor. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.41_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.20. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.4.1. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64931">64931</a>: Implement validation of <code>changelog.xml</code>
+        file at build time. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to Maven Ant Resolver Tasks 1.3.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62695">62695</a>: Provide SHA-256 and SHA-512 checksums for files
+        published via Maven. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.40_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-11-17</span> Tomcat 9.0.40 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.40_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=55559">55559</a>: Add a new attribute, <code>localJndiResource</code>,
+        that allows a UserDatabaseRealm to obtain a UserDatabase instance from
+        the local (web application) JNDI context rather than the global JNDI
+        context. This option is only useful when the Realm is defined on the
+        Context. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64805">64805</a>: Correct imports used by <code>JMXProxyServlet</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix JNDIRealm pooling problems retrying on another bad connection. Any
+        retries are made on a new connection, just like with the single
+        connection scenario. Also remove all connections from the pool after
+        an error. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove the entry for <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.tld.LocalStrings</code>
+        from tomcat-embed-core's GraalVM tomcat-resource.json. It no more part of the jar
+        since <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/3815b4951eb3acd30a0b77aafa75fbdb928d5782">
+        Fix unwanted JPMS dependency of embed-core on embed-jasper</a>. (mgrigorov)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol to the list of classes which could be instantiated
+        via reflection in GraalVM. (mgrigorov)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add <code>JsonErrorReportValve</code> that extends the
+        <code>ErrorReportValve</code> that returns  response as JSON instead of
+        HTML. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add GraalVM config for Tomcat JNI related classes. This makes it
+        possible to use the APR protocol in GraalVM native images.
+        To use it add the following to the native-image arguments:
+        <code>-H:JNIConfigurationResources=META-INF/native-image/org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core/tomcat-jni.json</code>
+        (mgrigorov)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        JNDIRealm connections should only be created with the container
+        classloader as the thread context classloader, just like for the JAAS
+        realm. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64871">64871</a>: Log a warning if Tomcat blocks access to a file
+        because it uses symlinks. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Rename <code>JDBCStore</code> to <code>DataSourceStore</code>
+        and remove bottlenecks for database backed session store. The
+        <code>JDBCStore</code> is deprecated but remains unchanged. Patch
+        submitted by Philippe Mouawad. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.40_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the HTTP/2 window update handling for padding in data frames to
+        ensure that the connection window is correctly updated after a data
+        frame with zero length padding is received. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix processing of URIs with %nn encoded solidus characters when
+        <code>encodedSolidusHandling</code> was set to <code>passthrough</code>
+        and the encoded solidus was preceded by other %nn encoded characters.
+        Based on a pull request by willmeck. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63362">63362</a>: Add collection of statistics for HTTP/2, WebSocket and
+        connections upgraded via the HTTP upgrade mechanism. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Restore exception catch around Poller.events, as it would cause
+        the NIO poller thread to exit. This is a regression caused when
+        the Poller.events method was refactored. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Provide messages for some <code>SocketTimeoutException</code> instances
+        that did not have one. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid most of the thread pool use during NIO2 socket accept. Patch
+        submitted by Anil Gursel. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add additional debug logging for I/O issues when communicating with the
+        user agent. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64830">64830</a>: Fix concurrency issue in HPACK decoder. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a concurrency issue in the NIO connector that could cause newly
+        created connections to be removed from the poller. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.40_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64784">64784</a>: Don't include the time the Java file was generated as
+        a comment when generating Java files for JSPs and/or tags if the Java
+        file was created during pre-compilation. This is to aid repeatable
+        builds. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64794">64794</a>: Security exception reading system property on
+        JspRuntimeLibrary use. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 16 (with the value <code>16</code>) as
+        the compiler source and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. If used
+        with an ECJ version that does not support these values, a warning will
+        be logged and the latest supported version will used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4.17. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64849">64849</a>: Correct JPMS metadata for the Jakarta Expression
+        Language JARs to provide missing ServiceLoader information. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.40_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64848">64848</a>: Fix a variation of this memory leak when a write I/O
+        error occurs on a non-container thread. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.40_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64799">64799</a>: Added missing resources to host-manager web app. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64797">64797</a>: Align manager.xml template file in Host-Manager with
+        context.xml of real Manager web application. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Configure the examples web applications to set
+        <code>SameSite=strict</code> for all cookies, including session cookies,
+        created by the application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Configure the examples, Manager and Host Manager to use the HTTP header
+        security filter with default settings apart from no HSTS header. Based
+        on a suggestion by Debangshu Kundu. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.40_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Russian translations. Provided by Azat. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Align JPMS module names with current Jakarta EE expectations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64870">64870</a>: Update to bnd 5.3.0-SNAPSHOT to work around a
+        <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8255854">JRE bug</a>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.39_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-10-09</span> Tomcat 9.0.39 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.39_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        The health check valve will now check the state of its associated
+        containers to report availability. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix race condition when saving and recycling session in
+        <code>PersistentValve</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Deprecate the JDBCRealm. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct numerous spellings throughout the code base. Based on a pull
+        request from John Bampton. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64715">64715</a>: Add PasswordValidationCallback to the JASPIC
+        implementation. Patch provided by Robert Rodewald. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Allow using the utility executor for annotation scanning. Patch
+        provided by Jatin Kamnani. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64751">64751</a>: Correct the JPMS module descriptor so the embedded
+        JARs may be used with JPMS. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When performing an incremental build, ensure bnd does not create
+        unwanted JPMS dependencies between embedded JARs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add a bloom filter to speed up archive lookup and improve deployment
+        speed of applications with a large number of JARs. Patch
+        provided by Jatin Kamnani. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Throw <code>SQLException</code> instead of
+        <code>NullpointerException</code> when failing to connect to the
+        database. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64735">64735</a>: Ensure that none of the methods on a
+        <code>ServletContext</code> instance always fail when running under a
+        SecurityManager. Pull request provided by Kyle Stiemann. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64765">64765</a>: Ensure that the number of currently processing threads
+        is tracked correctly when a web application is undeployed, long running
+        requests are being processed and
+        <code>renewThreadsWhenStoppingContext</code> is enabled for the web
+        application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve the error messages when running under JPMS without the necessary
+        options to enable reflection required by the memory leak prevention /
+        detection code. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add connection pooling to JNDI realm. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When estimating the size of a resource in the static resource cache,
+        include a specific allowance for the path to the resource. Based on a
+        pull request by blueSky1825821. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.39_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not send an HTTP/2 PING frame to measure round-trip time when it is
+        known that the HTTP/2 connection is not in a good state. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure HTTP/2 timeouts are processed for idle connections. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64743">64743</a>: Correct a regression introduced in 9.0.37 that
+        caused a <code>Connection: close</code> header to be added to the
+        response if the Connector was configured with
+        <code>maxSwallowSize=-1</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When logging HTTP/2 debug messages, use consistent formatting for stream
+        identifiers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct some double counting in the code that tracks the number of
+        in-flight asynchronous requests. The tracking enables Tomcat to shutdown
+        gracefully when asynchronous processing is in use. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the error handling for the HTTP/2 connection preface when the
+        Connector is configured with <code>useAsyncIO="true"</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the handling of closed HTTP/2 streams to reduce the heap usage
+        associated with used streams and to retain information for more streams
+        in the priority tree. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Don't send the Keep-Alive response header if the connection has been
+        explicitly closed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64710">64710</a>: Avoid a <code>BufferOverflowException</code> if an
+        HTTP/2 connection is closed while the parser still has a partial HTTP/2
+        frame in the input buffer. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.39_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use lazy instantiation to improve the performance when working with
+        listeners added to the <code>ELContext</code>. Pull request provided by
+        Thomas Andraschko. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.39_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Configure the Manager and Host Manager applications to set
+        <code>SameSite=strict</code> for all cookies, including session cookies,
+        created by the application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the Manager How-To in the documentation web application to
+        clarify when a user may wish to deploy additional instances of the
+        Manager web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.39_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to Commons Daemon 1.2.3. This adds support to jsvc for
+        <code>--enable-preview</code> and native memory tracking (Procrun
+        already supported these features), adds some addition debug logging and
+        adds a new feature to Procrun that outputs the command to (re-)configure
+        the service with the current settings. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When building, only rebuild JAR files (including OSGi and JPMS metadata)
+        if the contents has changed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. Pull request provided by Yang
+        Yang. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand coverage of Russian translations. Pull request provided by
+        Nikolay Gribanov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.18. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.4.0. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix running service.bat when called from <code>$CATALINA_HOME</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Complete the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63815">63815</a>. Users wishing to use system
+        properties that require quoting with <code>catalina.sh</code> and the
+        <code>debug</code> option must use a JRE that includes the fix for <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8234808">JDK-8234808</a>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Chinese translations. Provided by leeyazhou. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Czech translations. Provided by Dušan Hlav&aacute;č and Arnošt
+        Havelka. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to French translations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Korean translations. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to Spanish translations. Provided by Andrewlanecarr.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.38_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-09-15</span> Tomcat 9.0.38 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.38_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64582">64582</a>: Pre-load the <code>CoyoteOutputStream</code> class to
+        prevent a potential exception when running under a security manager.
+        Patch provided by Johnathan Gilday. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64593">64593</a>: If a request is not matched to a Context, delay
+        issuing the 404 response to give the rewrite valve, if configured, an
+        opportunity to rewrite the request. (remm/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Change top package name for generated embedded classes to avoid
+        conflict with default host name on case insensitive filesystems.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add missing code generation for remaining digester rules. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add a dedicated loader for generated code to avoid dynamic class
+        loading. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Refactor the Default servlet to provide a single method that can be
+        overridden (<code>generateETag()</code>) should a custom entity tag
+        format be required. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the validation of entity tags provided with conditional
+        requests. Requests with headers that contain invalid entity tags will be
+        rejected with a 400 response code. Improve the matching algorithm used
+        to compare entity tags in conditional requests with the entity tag for
+        the requested resource. Based on a pull request by Sergey Ponomarev.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the description of the storage format for salted hashes in the
+        Javadoc for <code>MessageDigestCredentialHandler</code> and refactor the
+        associated code for clarity.
+        Based on a patch provided by Milo van der Zee. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the path validation to allow the use of the file system root for
+        the <code>docBase</code> attribute of a <code>Context</code>. Note that
+        such a configuration should be used with caution. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Added filtering expression for requests that are not supposed to use
+        session in <code>PersistentValve</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use the correct method to calculate session idle time in
+        <code>PersistentValve</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix path used by the health check valve when it is not associated with
+        a <code>Context</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64712">64712</a>: The JASPIC authenticator now checks the
+        <code>ServerAuthModule</code> for
+        <code>jakarta.servlet.http.authType</code> and, if present, uses the
+        value provided. Based on a patch by Robert Rodewald. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64713">64713</a>: The JASPIC authenticator now checks the value of
+        <code>jakarta.servlet.http.registerSession</code> set by the
+        <code>ServerAuthModule</code> when deciding whether or nor to register
+        the session. Based on a patch by Robert Rodewald. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.38_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57661">57661</a>: For requests containing the
+        <code>Expect: 100-continue</code> header, add optional support to delay
+        sending an intermediate 100 status response until the servlet reads the
+        request body, allowing the servlet the opportunity to respond without
+        asking for the request body. Based on a pull request by malaysf. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the implementation of
+        <code>ServletInputStream.available()</code> to provide a more accurate
+        return value, particularly when end of stream has been reached. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the stopping of the acceptor to ensure that the acceptor thread
+        stops when a connector is started immediately after it is stopped.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64614">64614</a>: Improve compatibility with FIPS keystores. When a FIPS
+        keystore is configured and the keystore contains multiple keys, the
+        alias attribute will be ignored and the key used will be implementation
+        dependent. (jfclere)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64621">64621</a>: Improve handling HTTP/2 stream reset frames received
+        from clients. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64660">64660</a>: Avoid a potential NPE in the AprEndpoint if a socket
+        is closed in one thread at the same time as the poller is processing an
+        event for that socket in another. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64671">64671</a>: Avoid several potential NPEs introduced in the changes
+        in the previous release to reduce the memory footprint of closed HTTP/2
+        streams. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the HTTP/2 implementation to more consistently return a stream
+        closed error if errors occur after a stream has been reset by the
+        client. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of HTTP/2 stream level flow control errors and notify
+        the stream immediately if it is waiting for an allocation when the flow
+        control error occurs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that window update frames are sent for HTTP/2 connections to
+        account for DATA frames containing padding including when the associated
+        stream has been closed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that window update frames are sent for HTTP/2 connections and
+        streams to account for DATA frames containing zero-length padding.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64710">64710</a>: Revert the changes to reduce the memory footprint of
+        closed HTTP/2 streams as they triggered multiple regressions in the form
+        of <code>NullPointerException</code>s. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the HTTP/2 overhead protection check is performed after
+        each HTTP/2 frame is processed. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.38_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Requests received via proxies may be marked as using the <code>ws</code>
+        or <code>wss</code> protocol rather than <code>http</code> or
+        <code>https</code>. Ensure that such requests are not rejected. PR
+        provided by Ronny Perinke. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64848">64848</a>: Fix a potential issue where the write lock for a
+        WebSocket connection may not be released if an exception occurs during
+        the write. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64644">64644</a>: Add support for a read idle timeout and a write idle
+        timeout to the WebSocket session via custom properties in the user
+        properties instance associated with the session. Based on a pull request
+        by sakshamverma. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.38_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove the localization of the text output of the Manager application
+        list of contexts and the Host Manager application list of hosts so that
+        the output is more consistent. PR provided by Holomark. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Clean-up / standardize the XSL files used to generate the documentation.
+        PR provided by John Bampton. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62723">62723</a>: Clarify the effects of some options for cluster
+        <code>channelSendOptions</code>. Patch provided by Mitch Claborn.
+        (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove the out of date functional specification section from the
+        documentation web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Extracted CSS styles from the Manager we application for better code
+        maintenance and replaced the GIF logo with SVG. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add document for <code>PersistentValve</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.38_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64540">64540</a> and include
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.modules</code> and
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse</code> in the list of exported
+        packages. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove the local copy of <code>javax.transaction.xa</code> package which
+        is only used during compilation. The package is provided by the JRE from
+        Java 1.4 onwards so the local copy should be unnecessary. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve the quality of the Japanese translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. Includes contributions from Yuki Shira. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64645">64645</a>: Use a non-zero exit code if the
+        <code>service.bat</code> does not complete normally. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons BCEL to 6.5.0. Code clean-up
+        only. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Codec to 53c93d0 (2020-08-18,
+        1.15-SNAPSHOT). Code clean-up. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons FileUpload to c25a4e3
+        (2020-08-26, 2.0-SNAPSHOT). Code clean-up and RFC 2231 support. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Pool to 2.8.1. Code clean-up
+        and improved abandoned pool handling. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP to 6d232e5 (2020-08-11,
+        2.8.0-SNAPSHOT). Code clean-up various bug fixes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.25.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.37_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-07-05</span> Tomcat 9.0.37 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.37_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Remove the error message on start if <code>java.io.tmpdir</code> is
+        missing and add an explicit error message on application deployment when
+        the sole feature that depends on it (anti-resource locking) is
+        configured and can't be used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Implement a significant portion of the TLS environment variables for
+        the rewrite valve. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64506">64506</a>: Correct a potential race condition in the resource
+        cache implementation that could lead to
+        <code>NullPointerException</code>s during class loading. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add <code>application/wasm</code> to the media types recognised by
+        Tomcat. Based on a PR by Thiago Henrique H&uuml;pner. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a bug in <code>HttpServlet</code> so that a <code>405</code>
+        response is returned for an HTTP/2 request if the mapped servlet does
+        implement the requested method rather than the more general
+        <code>400</code> response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add generated classes using Tomcat embedded as an optional replacement
+        for the Catalina configuration files. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64541">64541</a>: Refactor the DTD used to validate
+        <code>mbeans-descriptors.xml</code> files to avoid issues when XML
+        entity expansion is limited or disabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.37_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Include a <code>Connection: close</code> HTTP header when committing a
+        response and it is known that the <code>maxSwallowSize</code> limit is
+        going to be exceeded. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64509">64509</a>: Correctly parse RFC 2109 version 1 cookies that use a
+        comma as a separator between cookies when using the RFC 6265 cookie
+        processor. Based on a patch by W J Carpenter. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the utility code that converted IPv6 addresses to a canonical form
+        to correctly handle input addresses that ended with a pair of colons.
+        Based on a patch by syarramsetty-skyhook. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly parse RFC 2109 version 1 cookies that have additional linear
+        white space around cookie attribute names and values when using the RFC
+        6265 cookie processor. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Once an HTTP/2 stream has been closed, ensure that the code that cleans
+        up references that are no longer required is called. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Reduce the memory footprint of closed HTTP/2 streams. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the HTTP/1.1 processor is correctly recycled when a direct
+        connection to h2c is made. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.37_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64560">64560</a>: Refactor the replication of a changed session ID for a
+        replicated session so that the list of changes associated with the
+        session is not reset when the session ID changes. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.37_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64563">64563</a>: Add additional validation of payload length for
+        WebSocket messages. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the calculation of payload length when four or more bytes are
+        required to represent the payload length. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.37_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64498">64498</a>: Fix incorrect version format in OSGi manifests. Patch
+        provided by Raymond Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64501">64501</a>: Refactor the handling of the deprecated
+        <code>LOGGING_CONFIG</code> environment variable to avoid using a POSIX
+        shell feature that is not available by default on Solaris 10. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64513">64513</a>: Remove bndlib from dependencies as it is not required.
+        Pull request provided by Raymond Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64515">64515</a>: Bnd files don't need to be filtered (save some work).
+        Pull request provided by Raymond Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.17. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64514">64514</a>: Fixes some missing class dependency issues in bootstrap
+        to address packaging/dependency concerns for JPMS and OSGi. Pull request
+        provided by Raymond Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64521">64521</a>: Avoid moving i18n translations into classes dir since
+        they are packaged into separate jars. Pull request provided by Raymond
+        Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64522">64522</a>: Package jars in effective dependency order. Pull
+        request provided by Raymond Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Store common build details in a shared build-defaults.bnd. Pull
+        request provided by Raymond Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64532">64532</a>: Update to bnd 5.1.1. Pull request provided by Raymond
+        Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64540">64540</a>: Switch from bndwrap task to bnd task, begin generating
+        a better manifest and make sure the resulting jar contents are correct.
+        Pull request provided by Raymond Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64544">64544</a>: Add built libs to the bnd classpath for introspection.
+        Pull request provided by Raymond Aug&eacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve the quality and expand the coverage of the French translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64548">64548</a>: Generate JPMS metadata. (rotty3000)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.36_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-06-07</span> Tomcat 9.0.36 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.36_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64432">64432</a>: Correct a refactoring regression that broke handling
+        of multi-line configuration in the RewriteValve. Patch provided by Jj.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix use of multiple parameters when defining RewriteMaps.
+        (remm/fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add the special internal rewrite maps for case modification and
+        escaping. (remm/fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in an earlier fix that broke the loading of
+        configuration files such as keystores via URIs on Windows. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64470">64470</a>: The default value of the solidus handling should
+        reflect the associated system property. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement a few rewrite SSL env that correspond to Servlet request
+        attributes. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64442">64442</a>: Be more flexible with respect to the ordering of
+        groups, roles and users in the <code>tomcat-users.xml</code> file.
+        (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64493">64493</a>: Revert possible change of returned protocol
+        attribute value on the <code>Connector</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.36_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add support for ALPN on recent OpenJDK 8 releases. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64467">64467</a>: Improve performance of closing idle HTTP/2 streams.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Expose server certificate through the <code>SSLSupport</code>
+        interface. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64483">64483</a>: Log a warning if an AJP request is rejected because it
+        contains an unexpected request attribute. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64485">64485</a>: Fix possible resource leak getting last modified from
+        <code>ConfigurationSource.Resource</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.36_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64488">64488</a>: Ensure that the ImportHandler from the Expression
+        Language API is able to load classes from the Java runtime when running
+        under a SecurityManager. Based on a patch by Volodymyr Siedleck. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.36_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Consistently throw a <code>DeploymentException</code> when an invalid
+        endpoint path is specified and catch invalid endpoint paths earlier.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Include the target URL in the log message when a WebSocket connection
+        fails. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.36_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the list of known <code>Charset</code>s in the
+        <code>CharsetCache</code> to include <code>ISO-8859-16</code>, added in
+        OpenJDK 15. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve the quality and expand the coverage of the French translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64430">64430</a>: Add support for the <code>CATALINA_OUT_CMD</code>
+        environment variable that defines a command to which captured stdout and
+        stderr will be redirected. Patch provided by Harald Dunkel. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Switch from the unsupported Maven Ant Tasks to the supported Maven
+        Resolver Ant Tasks to upload artifacts to the ASF Maven repository (and
+        from there to Maven Central). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update dependency on bnd to 5.1.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.35_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-05-11</span> Tomcat 9.0.35 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.35_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Reduce reflection use and remove AJP specific code in the Connector.
+        (remm/markt/fhanik)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Rework the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64021">64021</a> to better support web applications
+        that use a custom class loader that loads resources from non-standard
+        locations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove redundant sole path/URI from error page message on SC_NOT_FOUND.
+        (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Log a warning if a <code>CredentialHandler</code> instance is added to
+        an instance of the <code>CombinedRealm</code> (or a sub-class) as the
+        <code>CombinedRealm</code> doesn't use a configured
+        <code>CredentialHandler</code> and it is likely that a configuration
+        error has occurred. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add more descriptive error message in DefaultServlet for SC_NOT_FOUND.
+        (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59203">59203</a>: Before calling <code>Thread.stop()</code> (if
+        configured to do so) on a web application created thread that is not
+        stopped by the web application when the web application is stopped, try
+        interrupting the thread first. Based on a pull request by Govinda
+        Sakhare. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64309">64309</a>: Improve the regular expression used to search for
+        class loader repositories when bootstrapping Tomcat. Pull request
+        provided by Paul Muriel Biya-Bi. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64384">64384</a>: Fix multipart configuration ignoring some parameters
+        in some cases. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64386">64386</a>: WebdavServlet does not send "getlastmodified"
+        property for resource collections. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove reason phrase on WebDAV Multi-Status (207) response. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64398">64398</a>: Change default value separator for property
+        replacement to <code>:-</code> due to possible conflicts. The
+        syntax is now <code>${name:-default}</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve validation of storage location when using FileStore. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.35_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Move <code>SocketProperties</code> mbean to its own type rather than
+        use a subType to improve robustness with tools. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Include the problematic data in the error message when reporting that
+        the provided request line contains an invalid component. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the handling of requests that use an expectation. Do not disable
+        keep-alive where the response has a non-2xx status code but the request
+        body has been fully read. (rjung/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64403">64403</a>: Ensure that compressed HTTP/2 responses are not sent
+        with a content length header appropriate for the original, uncompressed
+        response. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.35_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove redundant sole path/URI from error page message on SC_NOT_FOUND.
+        (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add more descriptive error message in DefaultServlet for SC_NOT_FOUND.
+        (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64373">64373</a>: When a tag file is packaged in a WAR and then that WAR
+        is unpacked in <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> ensure that the tag file
+        can still be found. Patch provided by Karl von Randow. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the Jasper code that interfaces with the Eclipse Compiler
+        for Java (ECJ) enables Jasper to compile JSPs using ECJ 4.14 onwards
+        when the JSPs have inner classes. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.35_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the saving of a Context configuration file via the scripting
+        interface of the Manager web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a section to the TLS Connector documentation on different key store
+        types and how to configure them. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.35_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update JUnit to version 4.13. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add missing entries to test class path in sample NetBeans configuration
+        files. Patch provided by Brian Burch. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor to use parameterized <code>Collection</code> constructors where
+        possible. Pull request provided by Lars Grefer. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor to use empty arrays with <code>Collections.toArray()</code>.
+        Pull request provided by Lars Grefer. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor loops with a condition to exit as soon as the condition is met.
+        Pull request provided by Lars Grefer. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor bulk addition to collections to use <code>addAll()</code>
+        rather than a loop. Pull request provided by Lars Grefer. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve the quality and expand the coverage of the French translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the Chinese translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. Contributions provided by winsonzhao, ZhangJieWen and Lee
+        Yazhou. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.24.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor to use enhanced for loops where possible. Pull request by Lars
+        Grefer. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve IDE support for IntelliJ IDEA. Patch provided by Lars Grefer.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve the quality of the Japanese translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. Includes contributions from Yoshy. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve the coverage and quality of the Korean translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update dependency on bnd to 5.0.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.34_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-04-08</span> Tomcat 9.0.34 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.34_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure all URL patterns provided via web.xml are %nn decoded
+        consistently using the encoding of the web.xml file where specified and
+        UTF-8 where no explicit encoding is specified. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Allow a comma separated list of class names for the
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.PROPERTY_SOURCE</code>
+        system property. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64149">64149</a>: Avoid NPE when using the access log valve without
+        a pattern. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64226">64226</a>: Reset timezone after parsing a date since the date
+        format is reused. Test case submitted by Gary Thomas. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64247">64247</a>: Using a wildcard for <code>jarsToSkip</code> should
+        not override a possibly present <code>jarsToScan</code>. Based on code
+        submitted by Iridias. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64265">64265</a>: Fix ETag comparison performed by the default servlet.
+        The default servlet always uses weak comparison. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add support for default values when using <code>${...}</code> property
+        replacement in configuration files. Based on a pull request provided by
+        Bernd Bohmann. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.34_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When configuring an HTTP Connector, warn if the encoding specified for
+        <code>URIEncoding</code> is not a superset of US-ASCII as required by
+        RFC7230. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid always retrieving the NIO poller selection key when processing
+        to reduce sync. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64240">64240</a>: Ensure that HTTP/0.9 requests that contain additional
+        data on the request line after the URI are treated consistently. Such
+        requests will now always be treated as HTTP/1.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expose the HTTP/2 connection ID and stream ID to applications via the
+        request attributes <code>org.apache.coyote.connectionID</code> and
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.streamID</code> respectively. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Replace the system property
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.UDecoder.ALLOW_ENCODED_SLASH</code>
+        with the Connector attribute <code>encodedSolidusHandling</code> that
+        adds an additional option to pass the <code>%2f</code> sequence through
+        to the application without decoding it in addition to rejecting such
+        sequences and decoding such sequences. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expose the associated <code>HttpServletRequest</code> to the
+        <code>CookieProcessor</code> when generating a cookie header so the
+        header can be tailored based on the properties of the request, such as
+        the user agent, if required. Based on a patch by Lazar Kirchev. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.34_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4.15. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 14 (with the value <code>14</code>) and
+        Java 15 (with the value <code>15</code>) as the compiler source and/or
+        compiler target for JSP compilation. If used with an ECJ version that
+        does not support these values, a warning will be logged and the latest
+        supported version will used. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.34_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the creation of <code>DeltaRequest</code> objects to make it
+        simpler to use custom implementations. Based on a pull request provided
+        by Thomas Stock. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.34_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the documentation web application to remove references to the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code> system
+        property changing the default for the <code>URIEncoding</code> attribute
+        of the Connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the documentation web application to remove references to the
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.UDecoder.ALLOW_ENCODED_SLASH</code>
+        system property changing how the sequence <code>%5c</code> is
+        interpreted in a URI. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.34_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve the quality and expand the coverage of the French translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. Contribution provided by Tom Bens. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the Chinese translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. Contribution provided by Lee Yazhou. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64270">64270</a>: Set the documented default umask of <code>0027</code>
+        when using jsvc via <code>daemon.sh</code> and allow the umask used to
+        be configured via the <code>UMASK</code> environment variable as it is
+        when using <code>catalina.sh</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.16. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.3.6. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Deprecated the <code>LOGGING_CONFIG</code> environment variable and
+        replace it with the <code>CATALINA_LOGGING_CONFIG</code> environment
+        variable to avoid clashes with other components that use
+        <code>LOGGING_CONFIG</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.33_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-03-16</span> Tomcat 9.0.33 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.33_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64210">64210</a>: Correct a regression in the improvements to HTTP
+        header validation that caused requests to be incorrectly treated as
+        invalid if a <code>CRLF</code> sequence was split between TCP packets.
+        Improve validation of request lines, including for HTTP/0.9 requests.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.33_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64206">64206</a>: Correct regression introduced in 9.0.31 that meant
+        that the HTTP port specified when using the Windows Installer was
+        ignored and 8080 was always used. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.32_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.32 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.32_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Store config compatibility with HostWebXmlCacheCleaner listener. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Modify the <code>RewriteValve</code> to use
+        <code>ServletRequest.getServerName()</code> to populate the
+        <code>HTTP_HOST</code> variable rather than extracting it from the
+        <code>Host</code> header as this allows HTTP/2 to be supported. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Switch Tomcat embedded to loading MIME type mappings from a property
+        file generated from the default <code>web.xml</code> so the MIME type
+        mappings are consistent regardless of how Tomcat is started. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Missing store config attributes for Resources elements. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64153">64153</a>: Ensure that the parent for the web application class
+        loader is set consistently. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64166">64166</a>: Ensure that the names returned by
+        <code>HttpServletResponse.getHeaderNames()</code> are unique. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Rename <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester$EnvironmentPropertySource</code>
+        to
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.EnvironmentPropertySource</code>.
+        The old class is still available but deprecated. Patch provided by Bernd
+        Bohmann. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add new attribute <code>persistAuthentication</code> to both
+        <code>StandardManager</code> and <code>PersistentManager</code> to
+        support authentication persistence. Patch provided by Carsten Klein.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64184">64184</a>: Avoid repeated log messages if a
+        <code>MemoryUserDatabase</code> is configured but the specified
+        configuration file is missing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64189">64189</a>: Expose the web application version String as a
+        <code>ServletContext</code> attribute named
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.webappVersion</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.32_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When the NIO or APR/native connectors were configured with
+        <code>useAsyncIO="true"</code> and a zero length read or write was
+        performed, the read/write would time out rather than return immediately.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64141">64141</a>: If using a CA certificate, remove a default value
+        for the truststore file when not using a JSSE configuration. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve robustness of OpenSSLEngine shutdown. Based on code submitted
+        by Manuel Dominguez Sarmiento. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add the TLS request attributes used by IIS to the attributes that an AJP
+        Connector will always accept. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        A zero length AJP secret will now behave as if it has not been
+        specified. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64188">64188</a>: If an error occurs while committing or flushing the
+        response when using a multiplexing protocol like HTTP/2 that requires
+        the channel to be closed but not the connection, just close the channel
+        and allow the other channels using the connection to continue. Based on
+        a suggestion from Alejandro Anadon. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the semantics of <code>getEnableSessionCreation</code> and
+        <code>setEnableSessionCreation</code> for <code>OpenSSLEngine</code>.
+        Pull request provided by Alexander Scheel. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64192">64192</a>: Correctly handle case where unread data is returned to
+        the read buffer when the read buffer is non empty. Ensure a gathering
+        TLS read stops once the provided ByteBuffers are full or no more data is
+        available. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64195">64195</a>: Revert simplification of NIO block read and write,
+        deferred to Tomcat 10. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Allow async requests to complete cleanly when the Connector is paused
+        before <code>complete()</code> is called on a container thread. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.32_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Parameterize JSP version and API class names in localization messages to
+        allow simpler re-use between major versions. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that TLD files listed in the <code>jsp-config</code> section of
+        <code>web.xml</code> that are registered in the
+        <code>uriTldResourcePathMap</code> with the URI specified in
+        <code>web.xml</code> are also registered with the URI in the TLD file if
+        it is different. Patch provided by Markus Lottmann. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.32_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix cloud environment lookup order and add a dedicated
+        <code>DNS_MEMBERSHIP_SERVICE_NAME</code> environment for use with the
+        DNS membership provider. Submitted by Bernd Bohmann. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Allow configuring the <code>DNSMembershipProvider</code> using the
+        <code>dns</code> alias. Submitted by Bernd Bohmann. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.32_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add to the documentation for the <code>JmxRemoteLifecycleListener</code>
+        the requirement to use
+        <code>-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.registry.ssl=false</code> if TLS is
+        not being used else clients will be unable to connect to the JMX server.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the documentation for the <code>address</code> attribute of the
+        AJP Connector and document that the AJP Connector also supports the
+        <code>ipv6v6only</code> attribute with the APR/Native implementation.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.32_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the French translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the Chinese translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. Contribution provided by BoltzmannWxd. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.15. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.3.5. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the Korean translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. Contributions provided by B. Cansmile Cha. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the French translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64190">64190</a>: Add support for specifying milliseconds (using
+        <code>S</code>, <code>SS</code> or <code>SSS</code>) in the timestamp
+        used by JULI's <code>OneLineFormatter</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.31_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2020-02-11</span> Tomcat 9.0.31 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.31_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Do not store username and password as session notes during
+        authentication if they are not needed. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid useless environment restore when not using GSSCredential
+        in JNDIRealm. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58577">58577</a>: Respect the argument-count when searching for MBean
+        operations to invoke via the JMXProxyServlet. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63691">63691</a>: Skip all jar and directory scanning when the wildcard
+        pattern "*" or "*.jar" is set or added to
+        <code>tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToSkip</code>. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64005">64005</a>: Correct a regression in the static resource caching
+        changes introduced in 9.0.28. Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code>
+        when working with the URL provided for the root of a packed WAR. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64006">64006</a>: Provide default configuration source based on the
+        current directory if none has been set, for full compatibility with
+        existing code. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64008">64008</a>: Clarify/expand the Javadoc for the
+        <code>Tomcat#addWebapp()</code> and related methods. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Deprecate the <code>JmxRemoteLifecycleListener</code> as the features it
+        provides are now available in the remote JMX capability included with
+        the JRE. This listener will be removed in Tomcat 10 and may be removed
+        from Tomcat 9.0.x some time after 2020-12-31. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64011">64011</a>: <code>JNDIRealm</code> no longer authenticates to LDAP.
+        (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64021">64021</a>: Ensure that container provided SCIs are always loaded
+        before application provided SCIs. Note that where both the container and
+        the application provide the same SCI, it is the application provided SCI
+        that will be used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        SCI definitions from JARs unpacked into <code>WEB-INF/classes</code> are
+        now handled consistently and will always be found irrespective of
+        whether the web application defines a JAR ordering or not. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64023">64023</a>: Skip null-valued session attributes when deserializing
+        sessions. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not throw a NullPointerException when an MBean or operation cannot
+        be found by the JMXProxyServlet. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64067">64067</a>: Allow more than one parameter when defining RewriteMaps.
+        (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64074">64074</a>: <code>InputStream</code>s for directories obtained
+        from resource URLs now return a directory listing consistent with the
+        behaviour of <code>FileURLConnection</code>. In addition to restoring
+        the behaviour that was lost as a result of the introduction of
+        <code>CachedResourceURLConnection</code>, it expands the feature to
+        include packedWARs and to take account of resource JARs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor recycle facade system property into a new connector attribute
+        named <code>discardFacades</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64089">64089</a>: Add <code>${...}</code> property replacement support
+        to XML external entity definitions. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Deprecate <code>MappingData.contextPath</code> as it is unused. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a problem that meant that remote host, address and port information
+        could be missing in the access log for an HTTP/2 request where the
+        connection was closed unexpectedly. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.31_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Simplify NIO blocking read and write. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that Servlet Asynchronous processing timeouts fire when requests
+        are made using HTTP/2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the corruption of the TLS configuration when using the deprecated TLS
+        attributes on the Connector if the configuration has already been set
+        via the new <code>SSLHostConfig</code> and
+        <code>SSLHostConfigCertificate</code> elements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63966">63966</a>: Switch the message shown when using HTTP to connect to
+        an HTTPS port from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64007">64007</a>: Cancel selection key in poller before wrapper close to
+        avoid possible deadlock. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for RFC 5915 formatted, unencrypted EC key files when using
+        a JSSE based TLS connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression introduced in 9.0.28 that meant invalid tokens in
+        the <code>Transfer-Encoding</code> header were ignored rather than
+        treated as an error. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Rename the HTTP Connector attribute <code>rejectIllegalHeaderName</code>
+        to <code>rejectIllegalHeader</code> and expand the underlying
+        implementation to include header values as well as names. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Disable (comment out in server.xml) the AJP/1.3 connector by default.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Change the default bind address for the AJP/1.3 connector to be the
+        loopback address. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Rename the <code>requiredSecret</code> attribute of the AJP/1.3
+        Connector to <code>secret</code> and add a new attribute
+        <code>secretRequired</code> that defaults to <code>true</code>. When
+        <code>secretRequired</code> is <code>true</code> the AJP/1.3 Connector
+        will not start unless the <code>secret</code> attribute is configured to
+        a non-null, non-zero length String. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a new attribute, <code>allowedRequestAttributesPattern</code> to
+        the AJP/1.3 Connector. Requests with unrecognised attributes will be
+        blocked with a 403. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.31_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the performance optimisation for using expressions in tags that
+        depend on uninitialised tag attributes with implied scope to make the
+        performance optimisation aware of the new public class
+        (<code>java.lang.Record</code>) added in Java 14. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64097">64097</a>: Replace the faulty custom services lookup used for
+        <code>ExpressionFactory</code> implementations with
+        <code>ServiceLoader</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a <code>META-INF/services</code> entry to jasper-el.jar so that the
+        Expression Language implementation can be discovered via the services
+        API. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.31_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64043">64043</a>: Ensure that session ID changes are replicated during
+        form-authentication. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.31_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64000">64000</a>: In the examples web application, where a Servlet
+        example includes i18n support, the Locale used should be based on the
+        request locale and not the server locale. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add additional information on securing AJP/1.3 Connectors. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.31_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63995">63995</a>: Ensure statements are closed when a pooled JDBC
+        connection is passivated in Tomcat's fork of Commons DBCP2. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.30_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-12-12</span> Tomcat 9.0.30 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.30_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63681">63681</a>: Introduce RealmBase#authenticate(GSSName, GSSCredential)
+        and friends. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63964">63964</a>: Correct a regression in the static resource caching
+        changes introduced in 9.0.28. URLs constructed from URLs obtained from
+        the cache could not be used to access resources. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63970">63970</a>: Correct a regression in the static resource caching
+        changes introduced in 9.0.28. Connections to URLs obtained for JAR
+        resources could not be cast to <code>JarURLConnection</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63937">63937</a>: Add a new attribute to the standard
+        <code>Authenticator</code> implementations,
+        <code>allowCorsPreflight</code>, that allows the
+        <code>Authenticator</code>s to be configured to allow CORS preflight
+        requests to bypass authentication as required by the CORS specification.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63939">63939</a>: Correct the same origin check in the CORS filter. An
+        origin with an explicit default port is now considered to be the same as
+        an origin without a default port and origins are now compared in a
+        case-sensitive manner as required by the CORS specification. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63981">63981</a>: Allow multiple calls to
+        <code>Registry.disableRegistry()</code> without the second and
+        subsequent calls triggering the logging of a warning. Based on a patch
+        by Andy Wilkinson. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63982">63982</a>: CombinedRealm makes assumptions about principal implementation
+        (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63983">63983</a>: Correct a regression in the static resource caching
+        changes introduced in 9.0.28. A large number of file descriptors were
+        opened that could reach the OS limit before being released by GC.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63987">63987</a>: Deprecate <code>Realm.getRoles(Principal)</code>. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Add a unit test for the session <code>FileStore</code> implementation
+        and refactor loops in <code>FileStore</code> to use the ForEach style.
+        Pull request provided by Govinda Sakhare. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Moved server-side include (SSI) module into a separate JAR library. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor FORM authentication to reduce duplicate code and to ensure that
+        the authenticated Principal is not cached in the session when caching is
+        disabled. This is the fix for CVE-2019-17563. (markt/kkolinko)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.30_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix endpoint closeSocket and destroySocket discrepancies, in particular
+        in the APR connector. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Harmonize maxConnections default value to 8192 across all connectors.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63931">63931</a>: Improve timeout handling for asyncIO to ensure that
+        blocking operations see a <code>SocketTimeoutException</code> if one
+        occurs. (remm/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63932">63932</a>: By default, do not compress content that has a strong
+        ETag. This behaviour is configurable for the HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2
+        connectors via the new Connector attribute
+        <code>noCompressionStrongETag</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63949">63949</a>: Fix non blocking write problems with NIO due to the
+        need for a write loop. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Simplify regular endpoint writes by removing write(Non)BlockingDirect.
+        All regular writes will now be buffered for a more predictable
+        behavior. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Send an exception directly to the completion handler when a timeout
+        exception occurs for the operation, and add a boolean to make sure the
+        completion handler is called only once. (remm/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When reporting / logging invalid HTTP headers encode any non-printing
+        characters using the 0xNN form. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.30_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure a couple of very unlikely concurrency issues are avoided when
+        writing WebSocket messages. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.30_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the broken re-try link on the error page for the FORM authentication
+        example in the JSP section of the examples web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvements to CsrfPreventionFilter: additional logging, allow the
+        CSRF nonce request parameter name to be customized.
+        (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the documentation for the <code>maxConnections</code> attribute
+        of the <code>Connector</code> in the documentation web application.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add the ability to set and display session attributes in the JSP FORM
+        authentication example to demonstrate session persistence across
+        restarts for authenticated sessions. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.30_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63815">63815</a> (quoting the use of
+        <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> and <code>JAVA_OPTS</code> when used in shell
+        scripts to avoid the expansion of <code>*</code>) as it caused various
+        regressions, particularly with <code>daemon.sh</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.13. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Support Java 11 in Graal Native Images with Graal 19.3+. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the search made by the Windows installer for a suitable Java
+        installation to include the 64-bit JDK registry entries and the
+        <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment variable. Pull request provided by
+        Alexander Norz. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the Korean translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the French translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage of the Chinese translations provided with Apache
+        Tomcat. Contributions provided by lins and 磊. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons BCEL to ff6941e (2019-12-06,
+        6.4.2-dev). Code clean-up only. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Codec to 9637dd4 (2019-12-06,
+        1.14-SNAPSHOT). Code clean-up and a fix for CODEC-265. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons FileUpload to 2317552
+        (2019-12-06, 2.0-SNAPSHOT). Refactoring. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Pool 2 to 6092f92 (2019-12-06,
+        2.8.0-SNAPSHOT). Clean-up and minor refactoring. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP 2 to a36390 (2019-12-06,
+        2.7.1-SNAPSHOT). Minor refactoring. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.29_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-11-21</span> Tomcat 9.0.29 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.29_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+       Refactor JMX remote RMI registry creation. This is the fix for
+       CVE-2019-12418. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improvement to CsrfPreventionFilter: expose the latest available nonce
+        as a request attribute; expose the expected nonce request parameter
+        name as a context attribute.
+        (schultz)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.29_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63835">63835</a>: Add support for Keep-Alive response header. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a logic bug in the <code>NioEndpoint</code> timeout handling
+        that meant a write timeout could be handled as a read timeout. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.29_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a warning regarding potential poor performance of the HTTP and AJP
+        connectors if <code>socket.txBufSize</code> is configured with an
+        explicit value rather than using the JVM default. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.29_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve OWB module based using custom shade appender. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add security filter in OWB module in addition to the valve for more flexibility. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.28_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.28 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.28_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Bad paths for URIs can cause exceptions on Windows due to its
+        path separator, so wrap using an IOException. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63832">63832</a>: Properly mark container as FAILED when a JVM error
+        occurs on stop. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add more details on the usage of <code>RewriteMap</code>
+        functionality in the <code>RewriteValve</code>. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63836">63836</a> Ensure that references to the Host object are cleared
+        once the Host instance is destroyed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that, when static resource caching is enabled for a web
+        application, all access to static files (including JSP files) goes via
+        the cache so that a consistent view of the static files is seen. Prior
+        to this change it was possible to see an updated last modified time but
+        the content would be that prior to the modification. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63905">63905</a> Clean up Tomcat CSS. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63909">63909</a>: When the <code>ExpiresFilter</code> is used without a
+        default and the response is served by the Default Servlet, ensure that
+        the filter processes the response if the Default Servlet sets a 304 (Not
+        Found) status code. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.28_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that <code>ServletRequest.isAsyncStarted()</code> returns
+        <code>false</code> once <code>AsyncContext.complete()</code> or
+        <code>AsyncContext.dispatch()</code> has been called during
+        <code>AsyncListener.onTimeout()</code> or
+        <code>AsyncListener.onError()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63816">63816</a> and <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63817">63817</a>: Correctly handle I/O errors after
+        asynchronous processing has been started but before the container thread
+        that started asynchronous processing has completed processing the
+        current request/response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63825">63825</a>: When processing the <code>Expect</code> and
+        <code>Connection</code> HTTP headers looking for a specific token, be
+        stricter in ensuring that the exact token is present. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63829">63829</a>: Improve the check of the <code>Content-Encoding</code>
+        header when looking to see if Tomcat is serving pre-compressed content.
+        Ensure that only a full token is matched and that the match is case
+        insensitive. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63864">63864</a>: Refactor parsing of the <code>transfer-encoding</code>
+        request header to use the shared parsing code and reduce duplication.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63865">63865</a>: Add <code>Unset</code> option to same-site cookies
+        and pass through <code>None</code> value if set by user. Patch provided
+        by John Kelly. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63879">63879</a>: Remove stack trace from debug logging on socket
+        wrapper close. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add connection tracking on the connector endpoint to remove excessive
+        concurrency in the protocol handler when maintaining an association
+        between the socket wrapper and its current processor. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63894">63894</a>: Ensure that the configured values for
+        <code>certificateVerification</code> and
+        <code>certificateVerificationDepth</code> are correctly passed to the
+        OpenSSL based SSLEngine implementation. (remm/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve cleanup after errors when setting socket options. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63859">63859</a>: Do not perform a blocking read after a
+        <code>CPING</code> message is received by the AJP connector because, if
+        the JK Connector is configured with
+        <code>ping_mode="I"</code>, the <code>CPING</code> message
+        will not always be followed by the start of a request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Properly calculate all dynamic parts of the ErrorReportValve response
+        on the fly in
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.http2.TestHttp2InitialConnection</code>.
+        (michaelo)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.28_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63897">63897</a>: Capture the timestamp of a JSP for the purposes of
+        modification tracking before the JSP is compiled to prevent a race
+        condition if the JSP is modified during compilation. Patch provided by
+        Karl von Randow. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a race condition that could mean changes to a modified JSP were not
+        visible to end users. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.28_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63913">63913</a>: Wrap any <code>NullPointerException</code>s throw by
+        the <code>Inflater</code> or <code>Deflater</code> used by the
+        <code>PerMessageDeflate</code> extension in an <code>IOException</code>
+        so that the error can be caught and handled by the WebSocket error
+        handling mechanism. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.28_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the description of the default value for the server attribute in
+        the security How-To. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.28_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63815">63815</a>: Quote the use of <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> and
+        <code>JAVA_OPTS</code> when used in shell scripts to avoid the expansion
+        of <code>*</code>. Note that any newlines present in
+        <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> and/or <code>JAVA_OPTS</code> will no longer
+        removed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63826">63826</a>: Remove <code>commons-daemon-native.tar.gz</code> and
+        <code>tomcat-native.tar.gz</code> from the binary zip distributions for
+        Windows since compiled versions of those components are already
+        included within the zip distributions. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63838">63838</a>: Suppress reflexive access warnings when running the
+        unit tests on the command line. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add missing charsets from the HPE JVM on HP-UX to pass unit tests in
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.TestCharsetCache</code>. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.3.4. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Japanese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Patch provided by motohashi.yuki. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Simplified Chinese translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. Contributions provided by rpo130, Mason
+        Shen, leeyazhou, winsonzhao, qingshi huang, Lay, Shucheng Hou and
+        Yanming Zhou. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Brazilian Portuguese translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. Patch provided by Danielamorais. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.27_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-10-11</span> Tomcat 9.0.27 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.27_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression introduced in 9.0.25 that prevented configuration
+        files from being loaded from the class path. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.27_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use URL safe base 64 encoding rather than standard base 64 encoding when
+        generating or parsing the <code>HTTP2-Settings</code> header as part of
+        an HTTP upgrade to <code>h2c</code> as required by RFC 7540. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63765">63765</a>: NIO2 should try to unwrap after TLS handshake to
+        avoid edge cases. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63766">63766</a>: Ensure Processor objects are recycled when processing
+        an HTTP upgrade connection that terminates before processing switches to
+        the Processor for the upgraded protocol. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a memory leak introduced by the HTTP/2 timeout refactoring in 9.0.23
+        that could occur when HTTP/2 or WebSocket was used. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.27_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4.13. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add GraalVM specific ELResolver to avoid BeanInfo use in BeanElResolver
+        if possible, as it needs manual reflection configuration. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63781">63781</a>: When performing various checks related to the
+        visibility of classes, fields an methods in the EL implementation, also
+        check that the containing module has been exported. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Web_Socket">Web Socket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63753">63753</a>: Ensure that the <code>Host</code> header in a Web
+        Socket HTTP upgrade request only contains a port if a non-default port
+        is being used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When running on Java 9 and above, don't attempt to instantiate WebSocket
+        Endpoints found in modules that are not exported. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.27_(markt)/Web_Applications">Web Applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add base GraalVM documentation. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add Javadoc for the Common Annotations API implementation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct various typos in the comments, error messages and Javadoc. Patch
+        provided by 康智冬. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.27_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When connections are validated without an explicit validation query,
+        ensure that any transactions opened by the validation process are
+        committed. Patch provided by Pascal Davoust. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.27_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Deprecate <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.TLS</code>.
+        Its functionality was only used for unit tests in
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.TesterSupport</code>
+        and has been moved there. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63759">63759</a>: When installing Tomcat with the Windows installer,
+        grant sufficient privileges to enable the uninstaller to execute when
+        user account control is active. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Use a build property to define the minimum supported Java version and
+        use that build property to reduce the number of edits required to update
+        the minimum supported Java version. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the OWB module to Apache OpenWebBeans 2.0.12. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the CXF module to Apache CXF 3.3.3. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63767">63767</a>: Update to Commons Daemon 1.2.2. This corrects a
+        regression in Commons Daemon 1.2.0 and 1.2.1 that caused the Windows
+        Service to crash on start when running on an operating system that had
+        not been fully updated. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.26_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-09-19</span> Tomcat 9.0.26 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.26_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Re-tagged to ensure that the source file for the changelog did not
+        contain an XML byte order mark. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.25_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.25 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.25_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a possible <code>InvalidPathException</code> when obtaining a URI
+        for a configuration file. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63684">63684</a>: <code>Wrapper</code> never passed to
+        <code>RealmBase.hasRole()</code> for given security constraints.
+        (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63740">63740</a>: Ensure configuration files are loaded correctly when a
+        <code>Host</code> is configured with an <code>xmlBase</code>. Patch
+        provided by uk4sx. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a potential <code>NullPointerException</code> on Service stop if a
+        Service is embedded directly (i.e. with no Server) in an application
+        and JNDI is enabled. Patch provided by S. Ali Tokmen. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a new <code>PropertySource</code> implementation,
+        <code>EnvironmentPropertySource</code>, that can be used to do property
+        replacement in configuration files with environment variables. Based on
+        a pull request provided by Thomas Meyer. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.25_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63682">63682</a>: Fix a potential hang when using the asynchronous
+        Servlet API to write the response body and the stream and/or connection
+        window reaches 0 bytes in size. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63690">63690</a>: Use the average of the current and previous sizes when
+        calculating overhead for HTTP/2 <code>DATA</code> and
+        <code>WINDOW_UPDATE</code> frames to avoid false positives as a result
+        of client side buffering behaviour that causes a small percentage of
+        non-final DATA frames to be smaller than expected. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63706">63706</a>: Avoid NPE accessing https port with plaintext. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct typos in the names of the configuration attributes
+        <code>overheadDataThreshold</code> and
+        <code>overheadWindowUpdateThreshold</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        If the HTTP/2 connection requires an initial window size larger than the
+        default, send a WINDOW_UPDATE to increase the flow control window for the
+        connection so that the initial size of the flow control window for the
+        connection is consistent with the increased value. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63710">63710</a>: When using HTTP/2, ensure that a
+        <code>content-length</code> header is not set for those responses with
+        status codes that do not permit one. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63737">63737</a>: Correct various issues when parsing the
+        <code>accept-encoding</code> header to determine if gzip encoding is
+        supported including only parsing the first header found. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.25_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63724">63724</a>: Correct a regression introduced in 9.0.21 that broke
+        compilation of JSPs in some configurations. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.25_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the source code links on the index page for the ROOT web
+        application to point to Git rather than Subversion. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix various issues with the Javadoc generated for the documentation web
+        application to enable release builds to be built with Java 10 onwards.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63733">63733</a>: Remove the documentation for the "Additional
+        Components" since they have been removed / merged into the core
+        Tomcat distribution for 9.0.5 onwards. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63739">63739</a>: Correct the invalid <code>Automatic-Module-Name</code>
+        manifest entries for the Tomcat provided JARs included in the Tomcat
+        embedded distribution. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a large number of Javadoc and documentation typos. Patch provided by
+        KangZhiDong. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Spelling and formatting corrections for the cluster how-to. Pull request
+        provided by Bill Mitchell. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.25_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Simplified Chinese translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by leeyazhou and
+        康智冬. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62140">62140</a>: Additional usage documentation in comments for
+        <code>catalina.[bat|sh]</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix <code>JSSE_OPTS</code> quoting in <code>catalina.bat</code>.
+        Contributed by Peter Uhnak. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63625">63625</a>: Update to Commons Daemon 1.2.1. This corrects several
+        regressions in Commons Daemon 1.2.1, most notably the Windows Service
+        crashing on start when using 32-bit JVMs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63689">63689</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63285">63285</a>
+        that meant that when installing a service, the service display name was
+        not set. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When performing a silent install with the Windows Installer, ensure that
+        the registry entries are added to the 64-bit registry when using a
+        64-bit JVM. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove unused i18n messages and associated translations. Patch provided
+        by KangZhiDong. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Korean translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.24_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-08-17</span> Tomcat 9.0.24 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.24_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove the code in the sendfile poller that ensured smaller pollsets
+        were used with older, no longer supported versions of Windows that
+        could not support larger pollsets. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.23_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.23 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.23_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57665">57665</a>: Add support for the <code>X-Forwarded-Host</code>
+        header to the <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> and <code>RemoteIpValve</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62496">62496</a>: Add option to write auth information (remote user/auth type)
+        to response headers. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63550">63550</a>: Only try the <code>alternateURL</code> in the
+        <code>JNDIRealm</code> if one has been specified. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63556">63556</a>: Mark request as forwarded in RemoteIpValve and
+        RemoteIpFilter (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63579">63579</a>: Correct parsing of malformed OPTIONS requests and
+        reject them with a 400 response rather than triggering an internal error
+        that results in a 500 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63608">63608</a>: Align the implementation of the negative match feature
+        for patterns used with the <code>RewriteValve</code> with the
+        description in the documentation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63627">63627</a>: Implement more fine-grained handling in
+        <code>RealmBase.authenticate(GSSContext, boolean)</code>. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        If an unhandled exception occurs on a asynchronous thread started via
+        <code>AsyncContext.start(Runnable)</code>, process it using the standard
+        error page mechanism. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Discard large byte buffers allocated using setBufferSize when recycling
+        the request. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code> in the
+        <code>CrawlerSessionManagerValve</code> if no ROOT Context is deployed
+        and a request does not map to any of the other deployed Contexts. Patch
+        provided by Jop Zinkweg. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63636">63636</a>: <code>Context.findRoleMapping()</code> never called
+        in <code>StandardWrapper.findSecurityReference()</code>. (michaelo)
+      </li>
+     </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.23_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the APR poller to always use a single pollset now that the
+        Windows operating systems that required multiple smaller pollsets to be
+        used are no longer supported. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63524">63524</a>: Improve the handling of PEM file based keys and
+        certificates that do not include a full certificate chain when
+        configuring the internal, in-memory key store. Improve the handling of
+        PKCS#1 formatted private keys when configuring the internal, in-memory
+        key store. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add callback when finishing the set properties rule in the digester.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63568">63568</a>: Avoid error when trying to set tcpNoDelay on socket
+        types that do not support it, which can occur when using the NIO
+        inherited channel capability. Submitted by František Kučera. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63570">63570</a>: Fix regression retrieving local address with
+        the NIO connector. Submitted by Aditya Kadakia. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct parsing of invalid host names that contain bytes in the range
+        128 to 255 and reject them with a 400 response rather than triggering an
+        internal error that results in a 500 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63571">63571</a>: Allow users to configure infinite TLS session caches
+        and/or timeouts. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63578">63578</a>: Improve handling of invalid requests so that 400
+        responses are returned to the client rather than 500 responses. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix h2spec test suite failure. It is an error if a Huffman encoded
+        string literal contains the EOS symbol. (jfclere)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Connections that fail the TLS handshake will now appear in the access
+        logs with a 400 status code. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Timeouts for HTTP/2 connections were not always correctly handled
+        leaving some connections open for longer than expected. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63650">63650</a>: Refactor initialisation for JSSE based TLS connectors
+        to enable custom JSSE providers that provide custom cipher suites to be
+        used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the HTTP/2 excessive overhead protection to cover various forms
+        of abusive client behaviour and close the connection if any such
+        behaviour is detected. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a crash on shutdown with the APR/native connector when a blocking
+        I/O operation was still in progress when the connector stopped. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.23_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid failing Kubernetes membership (and preventing startup) if the
+        stream cannot be opened, to get the same behavior as the DNS based
+        membership. The namespace is still a failure on startup but it is easy
+        to provide. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid non fatal NPEs with Tribes when JMX is not available. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make Kube environment optional for Kube memberships, for easier testing
+        and Graal training. A warn log will occur if the environment is not
+        present. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.23_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63597">63597</a>: Update the custom 404 error page for the Host Manager
+        to take account of previous refactoring so that the page is used for
+        404 errors rather than falling back to the default error page. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.23_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        JNDI support for GraalVM native images. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        JSP runtime library support for GraalVM native images. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        java.util.logging configuration for GraalVM native images. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update Checkstyle to 8.22. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=55969">55969</a>: Tighten up the security of the Apache Tomcat
+        installation created by the Windows installer. Change the default
+        shutdown port used by the Windows installer from <code>8005</code> to
+        <code>-1</code> (disabled). Limit access to the chosen installation
+        directory to local administrators, Local System and Local Service.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62696">62696</a>: The digital signature for the Windows installer now
+        uses SHA-256 for hashes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63285">63285</a>: Add an option to <code>service.bat</code> so that when
+        installing a Windows service, the name of the executables used by the
+        Windows service may be changed to match the service name. This
+        makes the installation behaviour consistent with the Windows installer.
+        The original executable names will be restored when the Windows service
+        is removed. The renaming can be enabled by using the new
+        <code>--rename</code> option after the service name. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63310">63310</a>: Update to Commons Daemon 1.2.0. This provides improved
+        support for Java 11. This also changes the user configured by the
+        Windows installer for the Windows service from <code>Local System</code>
+        to the lower privileged <code>Local Service</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63555">63555</a>: Add <code>Automatic-Module-Name</code> entries for
+        each of the Tomcat provided JARs included in the Tomcat embedded
+        distribution. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63567">63567</a>: Restore the passing of <code>$LOGGING_MANAGER</code>
+        to the jvm in <code>catalina.sh</code> when calling <code>stop</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct broken OSGi data in JAR file manifests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add "embed" to the <code>Bundle-Name</code> and
+        <code>Bundle-Symbolic-Name</code> for the Tomcat embedded WebSocket JAR
+        to align the naming with the other embedded JARs and to differentiate it
+        from the standard WebSocket JAR that does not include the API classes.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update dependency on bnd to 4.2.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons Codec to 3ebef4a (2018-08-01) to
+        pick up the fix for CODEC-134. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons Pool2 to 796e32d (2018-08-01) to
+        pick up the changes Commons Pool2 2.7.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons DBCP2 to 87d9e3a (2018-08-01) to
+        pick up the changes Commons DBCP2 2.7.0 and DBCP-555. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63648">63648</a>: Update the test TLS keys and certificates used in the
+        test suite to replace the keys and certificates that are about to
+        expire. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.22_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-07-09</span> Tomcat 9.0.22 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.22_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve parsing of Range request headers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Range headers that specify a range unit Tomcat does not recognise should
+        be ignored rather than triggering a 416 response. Based on a pull
+        request by zhanhb. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When comparing a date from a <code>If-Range</code> header, an exact
+        match is required. Based on a pull request by zhanhb. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add an option to the default servlet to disable processing of PUT
+        requests with Content-Range headers as partial PUTs. The default
+        behaviour (processing as partial PUT) is unchanged. Based on a pull
+        request by zhanhb. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve parsing of Content-Range headers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the recommended minimum Tomcat Native version to 1.2.23. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.22_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove a source of potential deadlocks when using HTTP/2 when the
+        Connector is configured with <code>useAsyncIO</code> as
+        <code>true</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63523">63523</a>: Restore SSLUtilBase methods as protected to preserve
+        compatibility. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix typo in UTF-32LE charset name. Patch by zhanhb via Github.
+        (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Once a URI is identified as invalid don't attempt to process it further.
+        Based on a PR by Alex Repert. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix to avoid the possibility of long poll times for individual pollers
+        when using multiple pollers with APR. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63205">63205</a> so it only applies when using
+        PKCS12 keystores as regressions have been reported with some other
+        keystore types. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.22_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Include file names if SMAP processor is unable to delete or rename a
+        class file during SMAP generation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4.12. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.22_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63521">63521</a>: As required by the WebSocket specification, if a POJO
+        that is deployed as a result of the SCI scan for annotated POJOs is
+        subsequently deployed via the programmatic API ignore the programmatic
+        deployment. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.22_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Switch the check for terminal availability to test for stdin as using
+        stdout does not work when output is piped to another process. Patch
+        provided by Radosław J&oacute;zwik. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add user buildable optional modules for easier CDI 2 and JAX-RS
+        support. Also include a new documentation page describing how
+        to use it. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.21_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-06-07</span> Tomcat 9.0.21 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.21_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57287">57287</a>: Add file sorting to DefaultServlet (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix <code>--no-jmx</code> flag processing, which was called after
+        registry initialization. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that a default request character encoding set on a
+        <code>ServletContext</code> is used when calling
+        <code>ServletRequest#getReader()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make a best efforts attempt to clean-up if a request fails during
+        processing due to an <code>OutOfMemoryException</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the BoM detection for static files handled by the default
+        servlet for the rarely used UTF-32 encodings. Identified by Coverity
+        Scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the default servlet reads the entire global XSLT file if
+        one is defined. Identified by Coverity Scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid potential <code>NullPointerException</code> when generating an
+        HTTP <code>Allow</code> header. Identified by Coverity Scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Add <code>Context.createInstanceManager()</code> for easier framework
+        integration. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Add utility <code>org.apache.catalina.core.FrameworkListener</code> to
+        allow replicating adding a Listener to context.xml in a programmatic
+        way. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Move <code>Container.ADD_CHILD_EVENT</code> to before the child
+        container start, and <code>Container.REMOVE_CHILD_EVENT</code> to
+        before removal of the child from the internal child collection.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Remove any fragment included in the target path used to obtain a
+        <code>RequestDispatcher</code>. The requested target path is logged as a
+        warning since this is an application error. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.21_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        NIO poller seems to create some unwanted concurrency, causing rare
+        CI test failures. Add sync when processing async operation to avoid
+        this. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix concurrency issue that lead to incorrect HTTP/2 connection timeout.
+        (remm/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid useless exception wrapping in async IO. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63412">63412</a>: Security manager failure when using the async IO
+        API from a webapp. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove <code>acceptorThreadCount</code> Connector attribute,
+        one accept thread is sufficient. As documented, value <code>2</code>
+        was the only other sensible value, but without and impact beyond
+        certain microbenchmarks. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid possible NPEs on connector stop. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove <code>pollerThreadCount</code> Connector attribute for NIO,
+        one poller thread is sufficient. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add async IO for APR connector for consistency, but disable it by
+        default due to low performance. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid blocking write of internal buffer when using async IO. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor async IO implementation to the <code>SocketWrapperBase</code>.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor <code>SocketWrapperBase</code> close using an atomic boolean
+        and a <code>doClose</code> method that subclasses will implement, with
+        a guarantee that it will be run only once. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Decouple the socket wrapper, which is not recycled, from the NIOx
+        channel after close, and replace it with a dummy static object. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Clear buffers on socket wrapper close. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        NIO2 failed to properly close sockets on connector stop. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Reduce the default for <code>maxConcurrentStreams</code> on the
+        <code>Http2Protocol</code> from 200 to 100 to align with typical
+        defaults for HTTP/2 implementations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Reduce the default HTTP/2 header list size from 4GB to 32kB to align
+        with typical HTTP/2 implementations. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for same-site cookie attribute. Patch provided by John
+        Kelly. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Drop legacy NIO double socket close (close channel, then close
+        socket). (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix HTTP/2 end of stream concurrency with async. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a bug in the stream flushing code that could lead to multiple
+        threads processing the stream concurrently which in turn could cause
+        errors processing the stream. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.21_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62841">62841</a>: Refactor the <code>DeltaRequest</code> serialization
+        to reduce the window during which the <code>DeltaSession</code> is
+        locked and to remove a potential cause of deadlocks during
+        serialization. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63441">63441</a>: Further streamline the processing of session creation
+        messages in the <code>DeltaManager</code> to reduce the possibility of a
+        session update message being processed before the session has been
+        created. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.21_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix timeout logic for async non blocking writes. Identified by
+        Coverity Scan. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.21_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the explanation of how deprecated TLS configuration attributes
+        are converted to the new TLS configuration style. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.21_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Treat <code>NoRouteToHostException</code> the same way as
+        <code>SocketTimeoutException</code> when checking the health of group
+        members. This avoids a SEVERE log message every time the check is
+        performed when the host associated with a group member is not powered
+        on. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.21_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Switch from FindBugs to SpotBugs. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Start Graal native image compatibility, using the tomcat-maven
+        packaging. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63403">63403</a>: Fix TestHttp2InitialConnection test failures when
+        running with a non-English locale. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add Graal JreCompat, and use it to disable JMX and URL stream handlers.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Czech translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by Arnošt Havelka. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the German translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by Niklasmerz, dusiema and
+        Jens. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Simplified Chinese translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by 諵. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use the <code>test</code> command to check for terminal availability
+        rather than the <code>tty</code> command since the <code>tty</code>
+        based test fails on non-English locales. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.20_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-05-13</span> Tomcat 9.0.20 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.20_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix some edge cases where the docBase was not being set using a canonical
+        path which in turn meant resource URLs were not being constructed as
+        expected. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential resource leak when executing CGI scripts from a WAR
+        file. Identified by Coverity scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential concurrency issue in the StringCache identified by
+        Coverity scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential concurrency issue in the main Sendfile thread of the APR
+        connector. Identified by Coverity scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential resource leak when running a web application from a WAR
+        file. Identified by Coverity scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential resource leak on some exception paths in the
+        <code>DataSourceRealm</code>. Identified by Coverity scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential resource leak on an exception path when parsing JSP
+        files. Identified by Coverity scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential resource leak when a JNDI lookup returns an object of an
+        in compatible class. Identified by Coverity scan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor <code>ManagerServlet</code> to avoid loading classes when
+        filtering JNDI resources for resources of a specified type. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63324">63324</a>: Refactor the <code>CrawlerSessionManagerValve</code>
+        so that the object placed in the session is compatible with session
+        serialization with mem-cached. Patch provided by Martin Lemanski.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63358">63358</a>: Expand the <code>throwOnFailure</code> support in the
+        <code>Connector</code> to include the adding of a <code>Connector</code>
+        to a running <code>Service</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63361">63361</a>: Add a new method
+        (<code>Registry.disableRegistry()</code>) that can be used to disable
+        JMX registration of Tomcat components providing it is called before the
+        first component is registered. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid <code>OutOfMemoryError</code>s and
+        <code>ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException</code>s when accessing large files
+        via the default servlet when resource caching has been disabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code> when a <code>Context</code> is
+        defined in <code>server.xml</code> with a <code>docBase</code> but not
+        the optional <code>path</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63333">63333</a>: Override the <code>isAvailable()</code> method in the
+        <code>JAASRealm</code> so that only login failures caused by invalid
+        credentials trigger account lock out when the <code>LockOutRealm</code>
+        is in use. Patch provided by jchobantonov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add <code>--no-jmx</code> flag to allow disabling JMX in
+        <code>startup.Tomcat.main</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.20_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The <code>useAsyncIO</code> boolean attribute on the Connector element
+        value now defaults to <code>true</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Possible HTTP/2 connection leak issue when using async with NIO. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix socket close discrepancies for NIO, now the wrapper close
+        is used everywhere except for socket accept problems. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement poller timeout when using async IO with NIO. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid creating and using object caches when they are disabled. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When running on newer JREs that don't support SSLv2Hello, don't warn
+        that it is not available unless explicitly configured. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Change default value of <code>pollerThreadCount</code> of NIO
+        to <code>1</code>. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Associate BlockPoller thread name with its NIO connector for better
+        readability. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The async HTTP/2 frame parser should tolerate concurrency so clearing
+        shared buffers before attempting a read is not possible. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the HTTP/2 connection preface and initial frame reading to be
+        asynchronous instead of blocking IO. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor Hostname validation to improve performance. Patch provided by
+        Uwe Hees. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add additional NIO2 style read and write methods closer to core NIO2,
+        for possible use with an asynchronous workflow like CompletableFuture.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Expand HTTP/2 timeout handling to include connection window exhaustion
+        on write. This is the fix for CVE-2019-10072. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.20_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63359">63359</a>: Ensure that the type conversions used when converting
+        from strings for <code>jsp:setProperty</code> actions are correctly
+        implemented as per section JSP.1.14.2.1 of the JSP 2.3 specification.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.20_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63335">63335</a>: Ensure that stack traces written by the
+        <code>OneLineFormatter</code> are fully indented. The entire stack trace
+        is now indented by an additional TAB character. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63370">63370</a>: Message files (LocalStrings_*.properties) of the
+        examples webapp not converted to ascii. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Japanese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by motohashi.yuki. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Czech translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by Arnošt Havelka. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When using the <code>OneLineFormatter</code>, don't print a blank line
+        in the log after printing a stack trace. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons FileUpload to 41e4047
+        (2019-04-24) pick up some enhancements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP 2 to dcdbc72
+        (2019-04-24) to pick up some clean-up and enhancements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Pool 2 to 0664f4d
+        (2019-04-30) to pick up some enhancements and bug fixes. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.19_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-04-13</span> Tomcat 9.0.19 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.19_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix wrong JMX registration regression in 9.0.18. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.19_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add vectoring for NIO in the base and SSL channels. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add asynchronous IO from NIO2 to the NIO connector, with support for
+        the async IO implementations for HTTP/2 and Websockets. The
+        <code>useAsyncIO</code> boolean attribute on the Connector element
+        allows enabling use of the asynchronous IO API. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.19_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the correct files are included in the source distribution
+        for javacc based parsers depending on whether jjtree is used or not.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that text files in the source distribution have the correct line
+        endings for the target platform. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.18_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.18 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.18_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63196">63196</a>: Provide a default (<code>X-Forwarded-Proto</code>) for
+        the <code>protocolHeader</code> attribute of the
+        <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> and <code>RemoteIpValve</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63235">63235</a>: Refactor Charset cache to reduce start time. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63249">63249</a>: Use a consistent log level (<code>WARN</code>) when
+        logging the failure to register or deregister a JMX Bean. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63249">63249</a>: Use a consistent log level (<code>ERROR</code>) when
+        logging the <code>LifecycleException</code> associated with the failure
+        to start or stop a component. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When the SSI directive <code>fsize</code> is used with an invalid
+        target, return a file size of <code>-</code> rather than
+        <code>1k</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63251">63251</a>: Implement a work-around for a known JRE bug (<a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8194653">JDK-8194653</a>)
+        that may cause a dead-lock when Tomcat starts. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63275">63275</a>: When using a <code>RequestDispatcher</code> ensure
+        that <code>HttpServletRequest.getContextPath()</code> returns an encoded
+        path in the dispatched request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add optional listeners for Server/Listener, as a slight variant of
+        a standard listener. The difference is that loading is not fatal when
+        it fails. This would allow adding example configuration to the standard
+        server.xml if deemed useful. Storeconfig will not attempt to persist
+        the new listener. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63286">63286</a>: Document the differences in behaviour between the
+        <code>LogFormat</code> directive in httpd and the <code>pattern</code>
+        attribute in the <code>AccessLogValve</code> for <code>%D</code> and
+        <code>%T</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63287">63287</a>: Make logging levels more consistent for similar issues
+        of similar severity. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63311">63311</a>: Add support for https URLs to the local resolver within
+        Tomcat used to resolve standard XML DTDs and schemas when Tomcat is
+        configured to validate XML configuration files such as web.xml. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Encode the output of the SSI <code>printenv</code> command. This is the
+        fix for CVE-2019-0221. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Use constants for SSI encoding values. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When the CGI Servlet is configured with
+        <code>enableCmdLineArguments</code> set to true, limit the encoded form
+        of the individual command line arguments to those values allowed by RFC
+        3875. This restriction may be relaxed by the use of the new
+        initialisation parameter <code>cmdLineArgumentsEncoded</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When the CGI Servlet is configured with
+        <code>enableCmdLineArguments</code> set to true, limit the decoded form
+        of the individual command line arguments to known safe values when
+        running on Windows. This restriction may be relaxed by the use of the
+        new initialisation parameter <code>cmdLineArgumentsDecoded</code>. This
+        is the fix for CVE-2019-0232. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.18_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix bad interaction between NIO2 async read API and the regular read.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor NIO2 write pending strategy for the classic IO API. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Restore original maxConnections default for NIO2 as the underlying
+        close issues have been fixed. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Harmonize NIO2 isReadyForWrite with isReadyForRead code. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When using a JSSE TLS connector that supported ALPN (Java 9 onwards) and
+        a protocol was not negotiated, Tomcat failed to fallback to HTTP/1.1 and
+        instead dropped the connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the TLS connector refactoring in Tomcat 9.0.17
+        that prevented the use of PKCS#8 private keys with OpenSSL based
+        connectors. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix NIO2 SSL edge cases. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When performing an upgrade from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/2, ensure that any
+        query string present in the original HTTP/1.1 request is passed to the
+        HTTP/2 request processing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When Tomcat writes a final response without reading all of an HTTP/2
+        request, reset the stream to inform the client that the remaining
+        request body is not required. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.18_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 11 (with the value <code>11</code>) as
+        the compiler source and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 12 (with the value <code>12</code>) and
+        Java 13 (with the value <code>13</code>) as the compiler source and/or
+        compiler target for JSP compilation. If used with an ECJ version that
+        does not support these values, a warning will be logged and the latest
+        supported version will used. Based on a patch by Thomas Collignon.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.18_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63184">63184</a>: Expand the SSI documentation to provide more
+        information on the supported directives and their attributes. Patch
+        provided by nightwatchcyber. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a note to the documentation about the risk of DoS with poorly
+        written regular expressions and the <code>RewriteValve</code>. Patch
+        provided by salgattas. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.18_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improved maxAge handling. Add support for age check on idle connections.
+        Connection that expired reconnects rather than closes it. Patch provided
+        by toby1984. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63320">63320</a>: Ensure that <code>StatementCache</code> caches
+        statements that include arrays in arguments. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.18_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT compiler 4.10. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Spanish translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by Ulises Gonzalez Horta.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Czech translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by Arnošt Havelka. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Chinese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by winsonzhao and wjt.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Russian translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Japanese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Korean translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the German translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.17_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-03-18</span> Tomcat 9.0.17 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.17_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor how cookies are transferred from the base request to a
+        <code>PushBuilder</code> so that they are accessible, and may be edited,
+        via the standard <code>PushBuilder</code> methods for working with HTTP
+        headers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Simplify the value of <code>jarsToSkip</code> property in
+        <code>catalina.properties</code> file for tomcat-i18n jar files.
+        Use prefix pattern instead of listing each language. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Restore the getter and setter for the access log valve attribute
+        <code>maxLogMessageBufferSize</code> that were accidentally removed.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63206">63206</a>: Add a new attribute to <code>Context</code> -
+        <code>createUploadTargets</code> which, if <code>true</code> enables
+        Tomcat to create the temporary upload location used by a Servlet if the
+        location specified by the Servlet does not already exist. The default
+        value is <code>false</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63210">63210</a>: Ensure that the Apache Commons DBCP 2 based default
+        connection pool is correctly shutdown when it is no longer required.
+        This ensures that a non-daemon thread is not left running that will
+        prevent Tomcat from shutting down cleanly. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63213">63213</a>: Ensure the correct escaping of group names when
+        searching for nested groups when the JNDIRealm is configured with
+        <code>roleNested</code> set to <code>true</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63236">63236</a>: Use <code>String.intern()</code> as suggested by
+        Phillip Webb to reduce memory wasted due to String duplication. This
+        changes saves ~245k when starting a clean installation. With additional
+        thanks to YourKit Java profiler for helping to track down the wasted
+        memory and the root causes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63246">63246</a>: Fix a potential <code>NullPointerException</code> when
+        calling <code>AsyncContext.dispatch()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Always use the absolute path of the <code>docBase</code> during the
+        deployment process to determine the Context name, deployment type,
+        whether the <code>docBase</code> is located within the
+        <code>appBase</code> etc. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.17_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When performing an HTTP/1.1 upgrade to HTTP/2 (h2c) ensure that the hostname
+        and port from the HTTP/1.1 Host header of the upgraded request are made
+        available via the standard methods
+        <code>ServletRequest.getServerName()</code> and
+        <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the APR/Native endpoint TLS configuration code to enable JSSE
+        style configuration - including JKS keystores - to be used with the
+        APR/Native connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        With the TLS configuration refactoring, the configuration attributes
+        <code>sessionCacheSize</code> and <code>sessionTimeout</code> are no
+        longer limited to JSSE implementations. They may now be used with
+        OpenSSL implementations as well. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor NIO2 read pending strategy for the classic IO API. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63182">63182</a>: Avoid extra read notifications for HTTP/1.1 with
+        NIO2 when using asynchronous threads. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63205">63205</a>: Add a work-around for a known
+        <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8157404">JRE KeyStore
+        loading bug</a>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        NIO2 should try to use SocketTimeoutException everywhere rather than a
+        mix of it and InterruptedByTimeout. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct an error in the request validation that meant that HTTP/2 push
+        requests always resulted in a 400 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63223">63223</a>: Correctly account for push requests when tracking
+        currently active HTTP/2 streams. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure enough buffer space when using TLS with NIO2 by using the main
+        read buffer to store additional decrypted data. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Verify HTTP/2 stream is still writable before assuming a timeout
+        occurred. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid some overflow cases with OpenSSL to improve efficiency, as the
+        OpenSSL engine has an internal buffer. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Harmonize HTTP/1.1 NIO2 keepalive code. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.17_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove the <code>STREAMS_DROP_EMPTY_MESSAGES</code> system property that
+        was introduced to work-around four failing TCK tests. An alternative
+        solution has been implemented. Sending messages via
+        <code>getSendStream()</code> and <code>getSendWriter()</code> will now
+        only result in messages on the wire if data is written to the
+        <code>OutputStream</code> or <code>Writer</code>. Writing zero length
+        data will result in an empty message. Note that sending a message via an
+        <code>Encoder</code> may result in the message being send via
+        <code>getSendStream()</code> or <code>getSendWriter()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.17_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix messages used by Manager and Host Manager web applications.
+        Disambiguate message keys used when adding or removing a host.
+        Improve display of summary values on the status page: separate
+        terms and values with a whitespace. Improve wording of messages
+        for expire sessions command. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not add CSRF nonce parameter and suppress Referer header for external
+        links in Manager and Host Manager web applications. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.17_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add feature that discover local member from the static member list.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that members registered in the addSuspects list are static
+        members. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.17_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63041">63041</a>: Revert the changes for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53930">53930</a> that added
+        support for the <code>CATALINA_OUT_CMD</code> environment variable as
+        they prevented correct operation with systemd configurations that did
+        not explicitly specify a PID file. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Russian translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the artifactId of <code>tomcat-i18n-cs</code>. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Korean translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Chinese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by winsonzhao. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Czech translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by Arnošt Havelka. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Spanish translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions by Ulises Gonzalez Horta.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.16_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2019-02-08</span> Tomcat 9.0.16 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.16_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use client's preferred language for the Server Status page of the
+        Manager web application. Review and fix several cases when the
+        client's language preference was not respected in Manager and
+        Host Manager web applications. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63141">63141</a>: Ensure that translated manager response strings still
+        start with <code>OK -</code> where expected by the associated Ant tasks.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63143">63143</a>: Ensure that the Manager web application respects the
+        language preferences of the user as configured in the browser when the
+        language of the default system locale is not English. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.16_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove unnecessary shutdown for executor. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.16_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the NSIS Installer used to build the Windows installer to version
+        3.04. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add Czech translations to Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from
+        Arnošt Havelka and Alice. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Spanish translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from Ulises Gonzalez Horta.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Korean translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (woonsan)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Japanese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from Yujiorama. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Chinese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from zheng. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Russian translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.15_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.15 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.15_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=54741">54741</a>: Add a new method,
+        <code>Tomcat.addWebapp(String,URL)</code>, that allows a web application
+        to be deployed from a URL when using Tomcat in embedded mode. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63002">63002</a>: Fix setting rewrite qsdiscard flag. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement the requirements of section 8.2.2 2c of the Servlet
+        specification and prevent a web application from deploying if it has
+        fragments with duplicate names and is configured to use relative
+        ordering of fragments. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the HEAD response is consistent with the GET response when
+        <code>HttpServlet</code> is relied upon to generate the HEAD response
+        and the GET response uses chunking. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the <code>ServletOutputStream</code> implementation is
+        consistent with the requirements of asynchronous I/O and that all of the
+        write methods use a single write rather than multiple writes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the Javadoc for <code>Context.getDocBase()</code> and
+        <code>Context.setDocBase()</code> and remove text that indicates that a
+        URL may be used for the <code>docBase</code> as this has not been the
+        case for quite some time. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add basic health check valve. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a bug exposed in 9.0.14 and ensure that the Tomcat terminates in
+        a timely manner when running as a service. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Log a message when using a Connector that requires Apr without enabling
+        the AprLifecycleListener first. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Utility thread count for special negative or zero values will again be
+        based on Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(). (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Treat I/O errors during request body reads the same way as I/O errors
+        during response body writes. The errors are treated as client side
+        errors rather than server side errors and only logged at debug level.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63038">63038</a>: Ensure that a <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> is
+        thrown when attempting to load a class from a corrupted JAR file.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63078">63078</a>: Ensure the utility thread pool is at least two, as the
+        deployer uses a blocking pattern. (remm, markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make the removal of leading and trailing whitespace from credentials
+        passed to BASIC authentication configurable via a new attribute,
+        <code>trimCredentials</code> on the <code>BasicAuthenticator</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63003">63003</a>: Extend the <code>unloadDelay</code> attribute on a
+        <code>Context</code> to include in-flight asynchronous requests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63026">63026</a>: Add a new attribute, <code>forceDnHexEscape</code>, to
+        the <code>JNDIRealm</code> that forces escaping in the String
+        representation of a distinguished name to use the <code>\nn</code> form.
+        This may avoid issues with realms using Active Directory which appears
+        to be more tolerant of optional escaping when the <code>\nn</code> form
+        is used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a swallowed (and therefore ignored) access failure during web
+        application class loading when running under a
+        <code>SecurityManager</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add SSL configuration options to the JMX remote listener using the
+        <code>SSLHostConfig</code> framework. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the recommended minimum Tomcat Native version to 1.2.21. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63137">63137</a>: If the resources for a web application have been
+        configured with multiple locations mapped to
+        <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code>, ensure that all of those locations are
+        used when building the web application class path. Patch provided by
+        Marcin Gołębski. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.15_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63009">63009</a>: Include the optional <code>content-length</code>
+        header in HTTP/2 responses where an appropriate value is available.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63022">63022</a>: Do not use the socket open state when using the
+        wrapper isClosed method for NIO and NIO2, as it will disable all
+        further processing. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix socket close discrepancies for NIO2, now the wrapper close
+        is used everywhere except for socket accept problems. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix use of write timeout instead of read timeout for HTTP/2 NIO2
+        frame read. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix incorrect APR sendfile thread stop. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.15_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63056">63056</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53737">53737</a>
+        that did not correctly scan the web application directory structure for
+        JSPs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the performance optimisation for using expressions in tags that
+        depend on uninitialised tag attributes with implied scope to make the
+        performance optimisation aware of the new public class
+        (<code>java.lang.Enum$EnumDesc</code>) added in Java 12. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.15_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57974">57974</a>: Ensure implementation of
+        <code>Session.getOpenSessions()</code> returns correct value for both
+        client-side and server-side calls. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63019">63019</a>: Use payload remaining bytes rather than limit when
+        writing. Submitted by Benoit Courtilly. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When running under a <code>SecurityManager</code>, ensure that the
+        <code>ServiceLoader</code> look-up for the default
+        <code>javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpointConfig.Configurator</code>
+        implementation completes correctly rather than silently using the
+        hard-coded fall-back. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the network connection is closed if the client receives an
+        I/O error trying to communicate with the server. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ignore synthetic methods when scanning POJO methods. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement the requirements of section 5.2.1 of the WebSocket 1.1
+        specification and ensure that if the deployment of one Endpoint fails,
+        no Endpoints are deployed for that web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement the requirements of section 4.3 of the WebSocket 1.1
+        specification and ensure that the deployment of an Endpoint fails if
+        <code>@PathParam</code> is used with an invalid parameter type. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure a <code>DeploymentException</code> rather than an
+        <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> is thrown if a method annotated
+        with <code>@OnMessage</code> does not conform to the requirements set
+        out in the Javadoc. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve algorithm that determines if two <code>@OnMessage</code>
+        annotations have been added for the same message type. Prior to this
+        change some matches were missed. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.15_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63103">63103</a>: Remove the unused source.jsp file and associated tag
+        from the examples web application as it is no longer used. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.15_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add dns-ping support to enumerate cluster members. This is much simpler
+        than getting the pod list but it does not indicate pod status.
+        Submitted by Maxime Beck. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Never expire the local member from a Membership. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.15_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update container image with monitoring contraptions. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Korean translations provided with
+        Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from woonsan and Chris Cho.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Japanese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from kfujino, Yujiorama and
+        motohashi.yuki. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided with
+        Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from remm, Ludovic P&eacute;net and
+        evernat. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the German translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from fschumacher, Stefan and
+        burghard. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Chinese (simplified) translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from winsonzhao,
+        Lanranzi, shawn, Winsonzhoa, JinXiqian, RichardHo, qingshi huang,
+        Greenman0007, Jim Ma, huxing, 袁宇杰 and evernat. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Spanish translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from Ulises Gonzalez Horta,
+        Israel, Eduardo Quintanilla and Miguel Ortega. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Russian translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from Andrei Maiseyenka and
+        solomax. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Brazilian Portuguese translations
+        provided with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from Victor Caetano
+        and Dabilo. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63041">63041</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53930">53930</a>
+        that prevented Tomcat from working correctly with systemd. Patch
+        provided by Patrik S. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <fix>63072</fix>: Remove extras (JMX remote listener and webservices
+        object factories) and merge them back into the core build.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons FileUpload to pick up the
+        changes in the Apache Commons FileUpload 1.4 release. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP 2 to de20b77
+        (2019-01-29) to pick up some bug fixes and enhancements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.21 to
+        pick up the memory leak fixes when using NIO/NIO2 with OpenSSL. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.14_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-12-12</span> Tomcat 9.0.14 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.14_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62788">62788</a>: Add explicit logging configuration to write log files
+        using UTF-8 to align with Tomcat's use of UTF-8 by default
+        elsewhere. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The default Servlet should not override a previously set content-type.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix storeconfig for the cluster encryption interceptor key attribute.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a scheduled executor to the Server, which can be used to
+        process periodic utility tasks. The utility threads are non daemon
+        by default. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor container background processor using the Server executor, and
+        add monitoring to reschedule it in case of an unexpected error. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor parallel deployment threads using the Server executor. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Introduce a ConfigurationSource API to standardize access to the core
+        configuration resources of Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the Tomcat embedded API by allowing to set a configuration
+        source, which will allow processing of core configuration. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor processing of server.xml, web.xml, context.xml, other
+        configuration files and resources using the ConfigurationSource API.
+        JASPIC persistent providers load and store remains file based.
+        StoreConfig Tomcat configuration files storing remains file based
+        at their previous default locations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62897">62897</a>: Provide a property
+        (<code>clearReferencesThreadLocals</code>) on the standard
+        <code>Context</code> implementation that enables the check for memory
+        leaks via <code>ThreadLocal</code>s to be disabled because this check
+        depends on the use of an API that has been deprecated in later versions
+        of Java. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix more storeconfig issues with duplicated SSL attributes. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62924">62924</a>: Fix file descriptor leak introduced in the code that
+        monitors <code>tomcat-users.xml</code> for modifications. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add periodic event notification for lifecycle listeners configured on
+        the Server. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62968">62968</a>: Avoid unnecessary (and relatively expensive)
+        <code>getResources()</code> call in the Mapper when processing rule 7.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the recommended minimum Tomcat Native version to 1.2.19. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62978">62978</a>: Update the RemoteIpValve to handle multiple values in
+        the <code>x-forwarded-proto</code> header. Patch provided by Tom Groot.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the RemoteIpFilter to handle multiple values in the
+        <code>x-forwarded-proto</code> header. Based on a patch provided by Tom
+        Groot. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62986">62986</a>: Refactor the code that performs class scanning during
+        web application start to make integration simpler for downstream users.
+        Patch provided by rmannibucau. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Filter out tomcat-web.xml from the watched resources list in
+        storeconfig. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62988">62988</a>: Fix the <code>LoadBalancerDrainingValve</code> so it
+        works when the session cookie configuration is not explicitly declared.
+        Based on a patch provided by Andreas Kurth. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.14_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor connector async timeout threads using a scheduled executor.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Avoid using a dedicated thread for accept on the NIO2 connector, it is
+        always less efficient. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Load SSL configuration resources for JSSE using the ConfigurationSource
+        API. OpenSSL use requires actual files. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62899">62899</a>: Prevent the incorrect timing out of connections when
+        Servlet non-blocking I/O is used to read a request body over an HTTP/2
+        stream. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid bad SSLHostConfig JMX registrations before init. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a potential hang when a client connects using TLS 1.0 to a Tomcat
+        HTTPS connector configured to use NIO or NIO2 with OpenSSL 1.1.1 or
+        later. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.14_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the Eclipse Compiler for Java to 4.9. Additional patch by Lukasz
+        Jader. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53737">53737</a>: Extend JspC, the precompilation tool, to include
+        support for resource JARs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62976">62976</a>: Avoid an <code>IllegalStateException</code> when using
+        background compilation when tag files are packaged in JAR files. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.14_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53553">53553</a>: Add the ability to specify a context.xml from the
+        server to use when uploading a web application for deployment with the
+        Manager web application. Patch provided by Anton Lindstr&ouml;m. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62918">62918</a>: Filter out subtype mbeans to avoid breaking the
+        connector status page. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Unify letter case of the word 'How-To' in the webapps (csutherl)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.14_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Refactor various operations performed in tribes using a scheduled
+        executor. When tribes is not running standalone, it will use the
+        executor from the Catalina Server. If running independently, the
+        Channel will provide the executor. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make EncryptInterceptor thread-safe. This makes this interceptor
+        actually usable. (schultz/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for GCM mode to EncryptInterceptor. (schultz)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.14_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Prevent an error when running in a Cygwin shell and the
+        <code>JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS</code> system property is empty. Patch provided
+        by Zemian Deng. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the French translations provided with
+        Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from remm, soliplaya, Ludovic
+        P&eacute;net, David, NicolasG and bdelacretaz. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add Simplified Chinese translations to the translations to Apache
+        Tomcat. Includes contributions from Darren Luo, syseal, Winsonzhao,
+        袁宇杰, Lanranzi, ZhangJieWen, Jerry, yinzhili001, 安柏诚, shawn, lavender,
+        Zheng Feng, zengwc, RichardHo, mm, gingshi huang, Bob, geekwang, zheng,
+        Deanzhg, Tianfengjingjing, Panblack, oking, Dave Newman, Cnfnss, Jim Ma,
+        852394875, huxing and Greenman0007. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add Korean translations to Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from
+        woonsan, JunSang Park, song choe and OhChan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Spanish translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from Ulises Gonzalez Horta,
+        Israel, Eduardo Quintanilla and Miguel suarez. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Russian translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from solomax, Rafael Sachakov
+        and Andrei Maiseyenka. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the German translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from Matk80, burghard,
+        Daniel Wehringer and Felix Schumacher. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the coverage and quality of the Japanese translations provided
+        with Apache Tomcat. Includes contributions from Yujiorama,
+        motohashi.yuki and kfujino. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add Brazilian Portuguese translations to Apache Tomcat. Includes
+        contributions from geraldo netto. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Include Brazilian Portuguese translations in the standard Tomcat
+        distribution. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Include Simplified Chinese translations in the standard Tomcat
+        distribution. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Include Korean translations in the standard Tomcat distribution. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a packaging method for Tomcat using Maven, as well as a container
+        build file for it. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add XML Namespace to the project element of all POM files so that the
+        XML files are Well Formed and Valid. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53930">53930</a>: Add support for the <code>CATALINA_OUT_CMD</code>
+        environment variable that defines a command to which captured stdout and
+        stderr will be redirected. Patch provided by Casey Lucas. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.19 to
+        pick up the latest Windows binaries built with APR 1.6.5 and OpenSSL
+        1.1.1a. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add i18n to many strings that lacked it. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.13_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-11-07</span> Tomcat 9.0.13 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.13_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58590">58590</a>: Add the ability for a UserDatabase to monitor the
+        backing XML file for changes and reload the source file if a change in
+        the last modified time is detected. This is enabled by default meaning
+        that changes to <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code> will
+        now take effect a short time after the file is saved. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61171">61171</a>: Add the <code>portOffset</code> attribute to the
+        <code>Server</code> element which is added to the configured shutdown
+        and <code>Connector</code> ports. Based on a patch by Marek Czernek.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61692">61692</a>: Add the ability to control which HTTP methods are
+        handled by the CGI Servlet via a new initialization parameter
+        <code>cgiMethods</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62687">62687</a>: Expose content length information for resources
+        when using a compressed war. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62737">62737</a>: Fix rewrite substitutions parsing of {} nesting.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add rewrite flags output when getting the rewrite configuration back.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add missing qsdiscard flag to the rewrite flags as a cleaner way to
+        discard the query string. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62755">62755</a>: Add ability to opt out of adding the default web.xml
+        config when embedding Tomcat and adding a context via
+        <code>addWebapp()</code>. Call
+        <code>setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(false)</code> to prevent the automatic
+        config. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add documentation about the files <code>context.xml.default</code> and
+        <code>web.xml.default</code> that can be used to customize
+        <code>conf/context.xml</code> and <code>conf/web.xml</code> on a per
+        host basis. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that a canonical path is always used for the docBase of a Context
+        to ensure consistent behaviour. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62803">62803</a>: Fix SSL connector configuration processing
+        in storeconfig. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62797">62797</a>: Pass throwable to keep client aborts with status 200
+        rather than 500. Patch submitted by zikfat. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62802">62802</a>: Restore the <code>appContextProtection</code>
+        attribute to the <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code> as
+        application code may still trigger this memory leak. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62809">62809</a>: Correct a regression in the implementation of DIGEST
+        authentication support for the Deployer Ant tasks (bug <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=45832">45832</a>)
+        that prevented the <code>DeployTask</code> from working when
+        authentication was required. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the recommended minimum Tomcat Native version to 1.2.18. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Ignore an attribute named <code>source</code> on <code>Context</code>
+        elements provided by <code>StandardContext</code>. This is to suppress
+        warnings generated by the Eclipse / Tomcat integration provided by
+        Eclipse. Based on a patch by mdfst13. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62830">62830</a>: Added <code>JniLifeCycleListener</code> and static
+        methods <code>Library.loadLibrary(libraryName)</code> and
+        <code>Library.load(filename)</code> to load a native library by a
+        shared class loader so that more than one Webapp can use it. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the <code>Connector</code> so that the port is obtained from
+        the <code>Endpoint</code> rather than a local field that could end up
+        out of sync. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a typo in the Spanish resource files. Patch provided by Diego
+        Agull&oacute;. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62868">62868</a>: Order the <code>Enumeration&lt;URL&gt;</code> provided
+        by <code>WebappClassLoaderBase.getResources(String)</code> according to
+        the setting of the delegate flag. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.13_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add TLSv1.3 to the default protocols and to the <code>all</code>
+        alias for JSSE based TLS connectors when running on a JVM that
+        supports TLS version 1.3. One such JVM is OpenJDK version 11. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62685">62685</a>: Correct an error in host name validation parsing that
+        did not allow a fully qualified domain name to terminate with a period.
+        Patch provided by AG. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make PEM file parser a public utility class. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62739">62739</a>: Do not reject requests with an empty HTTP Host header.
+        Such requests are unusual but not invalid. Patch provided by Michael
+        Orr. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62748">62748</a>: Add TLS 1.3 support for the APR/Native connector and
+        the NIO/NIO2 connector when using the OpenSSL backed JSSE
+        implementation. (schultz/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62791">62791</a>: Remove an unnecessary check in the NIO TLS
+        implementation that prevented from secure WebSocket connections from
+        being established. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix server initiated TLS renegotiation to obtain a client certificate
+        when using NIO/NIO2 and the OpenSSL backed JSSE TLS implementation.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure open sockets etc. are cleaned up if the socket binding process
+        fails. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62871">62871</a>: Improve MBeans for Endpoint instances (type
+        <code>ThreadPool</code> in JMX) by using explicit declaration of
+        attributes and operations rather than relying on introspection. Add a
+        new MBean to expose the <code>Socketproperties</code> values. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.13_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct parsing of XML whitespace in TLD function signatures that
+        incorrectly only looked for the space character. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62674">62674</a>: Correct a regression in the stand-alone JSP compiler
+        utility, <code>JspC</code>, caused by the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53492">53492</a>, that
+        caused the JSP compiler to hang. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62721">62721</a>: Correct generation of web.xml header when using JspC.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62757">62757</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62603">62603</a>
+        that caused <code>NullPointerException</code>s when compiling tag files
+        on first access when development mode was disabled and background
+        compilation was enabled. Based on a patch by Jordi Llach. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.13_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62731">62731</a>: Make the URI returned by
+        <code>HandshakeRequest.getRequestURI()</code> and
+        <code>Session.getRequestURI()</code> absolute so that the scheme, host
+        and port are accessible. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.13_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62676">62676</a>: Expand the CORS filter documentation to make it clear
+        that explicit configuration is required to enable support for
+        cross-origin requests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62712">62712</a>: Correct NPE in Manager application when attempting to
+        view configured certificates for an APR/native TLS connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62761">62761</a>: Correct the advanced CORS example in the Filter
+        documentation to use a valid configuration. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62786">62786</a>: Add a note to the Context documentation to explain
+        that, by default, settings for a Context element defined in server.xml
+        will be overwritten by settings specified in a default context file such
+        as <code>conf/context.xml</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Create a little visual separation between the Undeploy button and the
+        other buttons in the Manager application. Patch provided by Łukasz
+        Jąder. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.13_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add <code>setMembershipService</code> method to the
+        <code>MembershipProvider</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Experimental Kubernetes aware cloud membership provider, based on code
+        by Maxime Beck. Contains code derived from jgroups. (remm/kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Move the event notification <code>ThreadPoolExecutor</code> to
+        <code>MembershipProviderBase</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Even if all members have already disappeared and PING can not be sent,
+        ensure that members will be expired. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that remove the member from suspect list when member added.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add EncryptInterceptor to the portfolio of available clustering
+        interceptors. This adds symmetric encryption of session data
+        to Tomcat clustering regardless of the type of cluster manager
+        or membership being used. (schultz)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.13_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Port DBCP transaction synchronization registry fix
+        (commit d49d45e). (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Pool 2 to d4e0e88
+        (2018-09-12) to pick up some bug fixes and enhancements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62705">62705</a>: Added a fail fast check for minimum required Apache
+        Ant version 1.9.8 when building Tomcat. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Added ant target ide-intellij to create an IntelliJ IDEA project. (isapir)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Utility JSON parser generated from a public domain javacc grammar
+        written by Robert Fischer. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.18 to
+        pick up the latest Windows binaries built with APR 1.6.5 and OpenSSL
+        1.1.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.12_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-09-10</span> Tomcat 9.0.12 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.12_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the handling of path parameters when working with
+        RequestDispatcher objects. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62664">62664</a>: Process requests with content type
+        <code>multipart/form-data</code> to servlets with a
+        <code>@MultipartConfig</code> annotation regardless of HTTP method.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62667">62667</a>: Add recursion to rewrite substitution parsing. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62669">62669</a>: When using the SSIFilter and a resource does not
+        specify a content type, do not force the content type to
+        <code>application/x-octet-stream</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62670">62670</a>: Adjust the memory leak protection for the
+        <code>DriverManager</code> so that JDBC drivers located in
+        <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code> and <code>$CATALINA_BASE/lib</code> are
+        loaded via the service loader mechanism when the protection is enabled.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When generating a redirect to a directory in the Default Servlet, avoid
+        generating a protocol relative redirect. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.12_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix potential deadlocks when using asynchronous Servlet processing with
+        HTTP/2 connectors. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62620">62620</a>: Fix corruption of response bodies when writing large
+        bodies using asynchronous processing over HTTP/2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62628">62628</a>: Additional fixes for output corruption of response
+        bodies when writing large bodies using asynchronous processing over
+        HTTP/2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Support for Netware in the <code>org.apache.tomcat.jni</code> package
+        has been removed as there has not been a supported Netware platform for
+        a number of years. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.12_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the JSP version in the X-PoweredBy HTTP header generated when
+        the xpoweredBy option is enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62662">62662</a>: Fix the corruption of web.xml output during JSP
+        compilation caused by the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53492">53492</a>. Patch provided by
+        Bernhard Frauendienst. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.12_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the information in the documentation web application regarding
+        the use of <code>CATALINA_HOME</code> and <code>CATALINA_BASE</code>.
+        Patch provided by Marek Czernek. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62652">62652</a>: Make it clearer that the version of DBCP that is
+        packaged in Tomcat 9.0.x is DBCP 2. Correct the names of some DBCP 2
+        configuration attributes that changed between 1.x and 2.x. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62666">62666</a>: Expand internationalisation support in the Manager
+        application to include the server status page and provide Russian
+        translations in addition to English. Patch provided by Artem Chebykin.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.12_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Switch the build script to use http for downloads from an ASF mirror
+        using the closer.lua script to avoid failures due to HTTPS to HTTP
+        redirects. (rjung)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.11_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-08-17</span> Tomcat 9.0.11 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.11_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make the <code>isLocked()</code> method of the <code>LockOutRealm</code>
+        public and expose the method via JMX. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53387">53387</a>: Add support for regular expression capture groups to
+        the SSI servlet and filter. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53411">53411</a>: Improve the handling of HTTP requests that do not
+        explicitly specify a host name when no default host is configured. Also
+        improve the tracking of changes to the default host as hosts are added
+        and removed while Tomcat is running. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the HTTP Vary header is set correctly when using the CORS
+        filter and improve the cacheability of requests that pass through the
+        COPRS filter. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62527">62527</a>: Revert restriction of JNDI to the <code>java:</code>
+        namespace. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Introduce a new class - <code>MultiThrowable</code> - to report
+        exceptions when multiple actions are taken where each action may throw
+        an exception but all actions are taken before any errors are reported.
+        Use this new class when reporting multiple container (e.g. web
+        application) failures during start. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly decode URL paths (<code>+</code> should not be decoded to a
+        space in the path) in the <code>RequestDispatcher</code> and the web
+        application class loader. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make logout more robust if JASPIC subject is unexpectedly unavailable.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62547">62547</a>: JASPIC <code>cleanSubject()</code> was not called on
+        logout when the authenticator was configured to cache the authenticated
+        Principal. Patch provided by Guillermo Gonz&aacute;lez de Ag&uuml;ero. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62559">62559</a>: Add <code>jaxb-*.jar</code> to the list of JARs
+        ignored by <code>StandardJarScanner</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62560">62560</a>: Add <code>oraclepki.jar</code> to the list of JARs
+        ignored by <code>StandardJarScanner</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62607">62607</a>: Return a non-zero exit code from
+        <code>catalina.[bat|sh] run</code> if Tomcat fails to start. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use short circuit logic to prevent potential NPE in CorsFilter. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Simplify construction of appName from container name in JAASRealm. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove <code>ServletException</code> from declaration of
+        <code>Tomcat.addWebapp(String,String)</code> since it is never thrown.
+        Patch provided by Tzafrir. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.11_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor HTTP date creation and parsing to reduce code duplication,
+        reduce the use of ThreadLocals and to increase the use of caching.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=56676">56676</a>: Add a default location for the native library, as
+        ${catalina.home}/bin, which the testsuite already uses. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60560">60560</a>: Add support for using an inherited channel to
+        the NIO connector. Based on a patch submitted by Thomas Meyer with
+        testing and suggestions by Coty Sutherland. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62507">62507</a>: Ensure that JSSE based TLS connectors work correctly
+        with a DKS keystore. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor code that adds an additional header name to the
+        <code>Vary</code> HTTP response header to use a common utility method
+        that addresses several additional edge cases. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62515">62515</a>: When a connector is configured (via setting
+        <code>bindOnInit</code> to <code>false</code>) to bind/unbind the server
+        socket during start/stop, close the socket earlier in the stop process
+        so new connections do not sit in the TCP backlog during the shutdown
+        process only to be dropped as stop completes. In this scenario new
+        connections will now be refused immediately. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62526">62526</a>: Correctly handle PKCS12 format key stores when the key
+        store password is configured to be the empty string. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62605">62605</a>: Ensure <code>ReadListener.onDataAvailable()</code> is
+        called when the initial request body data arrives after the request
+        headers when using asynchronous processing over HTTP/2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62614">62614</a>: Ensure that
+        <code>WriteListener.onWritePossible()</code> is called after
+        <code>isReady()</code> returns <code>false</code> and the window size is
+        subsequently incremented when using asynchronous processing over HTTP/2.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.11_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53492">53492</a>: Make the Java file generation process multi-threaded.
+        By default, one thread will be used per core. Based on a patch by Dan
+        Fabulich. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62453">62453</a>: Add a performance optimisation for using expressions
+        in tags that depend on uninitialised tag attributes with implied scope.
+        Generally, using an explicit scope with tag attributes in EL is the best
+        way to avoid various potential performance issues. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly decode URL paths (<code>+</code> should not be decoded to a
+        space in the path) in the Jasper class loader. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62603">62603</a>: Fix a potential race condition when development mode
+        is disabled and background compilation checks are enabled. It was
+        possible that some updates would not take effect and/or
+        <code>ClassNotFoundException</code>s would occur. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.11_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62596">62596</a>: Remove the limit on the size of the initial HTTP
+        upgrade request used to establish the web socket connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.11_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62558">62558</a>: Add Russian translations for the Manager and Host
+        Manager web applications. Based on a patch by Ivan Krasnov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add documents for Static Membership service. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62561">62561</a>: Add advanced class loader configuration information
+        regarding the use of the Server and Shared class loaders to the
+        documentation web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.11_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensures that the specified <code>rxBufSize</code> is correctly set to
+        receiver buffer size. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the stop order of the Channel components. It stops in the
+        reverse order to that at startup. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Added new StaticMembership implementation. This implementation does not
+        require any additional configuration of other
+        <code>ChannelInterceptors</code>. It works only with membership service.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.11_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Support building with Java 9+ while preserving the Java 8 compatibility
+        at runtime (requires Ant 1.9.8 or later). (ebourg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update WSDL4J library to version 1.6.3 (from 1.6.2). (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update JUnit library to version 4.12 (from 4.11). (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Downgrade CGLib library used for testing with EasyMock to version
+        2.2.2 (from 2.2.3) as version 2.2.3 is not available from Maven Central.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Implement checksum checks when downloading dependencies that are used
+        to build Tomcat. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fixed spelling. Patch provided by Jimmy Casey via GitHub. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons Pool 2 to 3e02523
+        (2018-08-09) to pick up some bug fixes and enhancements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons DBCP 2 to abc0484
+        (2018-08-09) to pick up some bug fixes and enhancements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct various spelling errors throughout the source code and
+        documentation. Patch provided by Kazuhiro Sera. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.10_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-06-25</span> Tomcat 9.0.10 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.10_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62476">62476</a>: Use GMT timezone for the value of
+        <code>Expires</code> header as required by HTTP specification
+        (RFC 7231, 7234). (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.9 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Treat the <code>&lt;mapped-name&gt;</code> element of a
+        <code>&lt;env-entry&gt;</code> in web.xml in the same way as the
+        <code>mappedName</code> element of the equivalent <code>@Resource</code>
+        annotation. Both now attempt to set the <code>mappedName</code> property
+        of the resource. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the processing of resources with
+        <code>&lt;injection-target&gt;</code>s defined in web.xml. First look
+        for a match using JavaBean property names and then, only if a match is
+        not found, look for a match using fields. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When restoring a saved request with a request body after FORM
+        authentication, ensure that calls to the <code>HttpServletRequest</code>
+        methods <code>getRequestURI()</code>, <code>getQueryString()</code> and
+        <code>getProtocol()</code> are not corrupted by the processing of the
+        saved request body. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        JNDI resources that are defined with injection targets but no value are
+        now treated as if the resource is not defined. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that JNDI names used for <code>&lt;lookup-name&gt;</code> entries
+        in web.xml and for <code>lookup</code> elements of
+        <code>@Resource</code> annotations specify a name with an explicit
+        <code>java:</code> namespace. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=50019">50019</a>: Add support for <code>&lt;lookup-name&gt;</code>.
+        Based on a patch by Gurkan Erdogdu. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add the <code>AuthenticatedUserRealm</code> for use with CLIENT-CERT and
+        SPNEGO when just the authenticated user name is required. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=50175">50175</a>: Add a new attribute to the standard context
+        implementation, <code>skipMemoryLeakChecksOnJvmShutdown</code>, that
+        allows the user to configure Tomcat to skip the memory leak checks
+        usually performed during web application stop if that stop is triggered
+        by a JVM shutdown. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=51497">51497</a>: Add an option, <code>ipv6Canonical</code>, to the
+        <code>AccessLogValve</code> that causes IPv6 addresses to be output in
+        canonical form defined by RFC 5952. (ognjen/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=51953">51953</a>: Add the <code>RemoteCIDRFilter</code> and
+        <code>RemoteCIDRValve</code> that can be used to allow/deny requests
+        based on IPv4 and/or IPv6 client address where the IP ranges are defined
+        using CIDR notation. Based on a patch by Francis Galiegue. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62343">62343</a>: Make CORS filter defaults more secure. This is the fix
+        for CVE-2018-8014. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the web application resources implementation does not
+        incorrectly cache results for resources that are only visible as class
+        loader resources. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62387">62387</a>: Do not log a warning message if the file based
+        persistent session store fails to delete the file for a session when the
+        session is invalidated because the file has not been created yet.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make all loggers associated with Tomcat provided Filters non-static to
+        ensure that log messages are not lost when a web application is
+        reloaded. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the manifest for the annotations-api.jar. The JAR implements the
+        Common Annotations API 1.3 and the manifest should reflect that. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Switch to non-static loggers where there is a possibility of a logger
+        becoming associated with a web application class loader causing log
+        messages to be lost if the web application is stopped. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62389">62389</a>: Add the IPv6 loopback address to the default
+        <code>internalProxies</code> regular expression. Patch by Craig Andrews.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        In the <code>RemoteIpValve</code> and <code>RemoteIpFilter</code>,
+        correctly handle the case when the request passes through one or more
+        <code>trustedProxies</code> but no <code>internalProxies</code>. Based
+        on a patch by zhanhb. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the logic in <code>MBeanFactory.removeConnector()</code> to
+        ensure that the correct Connector is removed when there are multiple
+        Connectors using different addresses but the same port. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make <code>JAASRealm</code> mis-configuration more obvious by requiring
+        the authenticated Subject to include at least one Principal of a type
+        specified by <code>userClassNames</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the error page handling that prevented error
+        pages from issuing redirects or taking other action that required the
+        response status code to be changed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Consistent exception propagation for NIO2 SSL close. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Followup sync fix for NIO2 async IO blocking read/writes. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Log an error message if the AJP connector detects that the reverse proxy
+        is sending AJP messages that are too large for the configured
+        <code>packetSize</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Relax Host validation by removing the requirement that the final
+        component of a FQDN must be alphabetic. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62371">62371</a>: Improve logging of Host validation failures. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a couple of unlikely edge cases in the shutting down of the
+        APR/native connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add missing handshake timeout for NIO2. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly handle a digest authorization header when the user name
+        contains an escaped character. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly handle a digest authorization header when one of the hex
+        field values ends the header with in an invalid character. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly handle an invalid quality value in an
+        <code>Accept-Language</code> header. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Docs: " class="icon" src="./images/docs.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62423">62423</a>: Fix SSL docs CRL attribute typo. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve IPv6 validation by ensuring that IPv4-Mapped IPv6 addresses do
+        not contain leading zeros in the IPv4 part. Based on a patch by Katya
+        Stoycheva. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix <code>NullPointerException</code> thrown from <code>
+        replaceSystemProperties()</code> when trying to log messages. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid unnecessary processing of async timeouts. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=50234">50234</a>: Add the capability to generate a web-fragment.xml file
+        to JspC. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62080">62080</a>: Ensure that all reads of the current thread's context
+        class loader made by the UEL API and implementation are performed via a
+        <code>PrivilegedAction</code> to ensure that a
+        <code>SecurityException</code> is not triggered when running under a
+        <code>SecurityManager</code>. (mark)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62350">62350</a>: Refactor
+        <code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl</code> so a
+        <code>SecurityException</code> is not thrown when running under a
+        SecurityManger and additional permissions are not required in the
+        <code>catalina.policy</code> file. This is a follow-up to the fix for
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=43925">43925</a>. (kkolinko/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enable JspC from Tomcat 9 to work with Maven JspC compiler plug-ins
+        written for Tomcat 8.5.x. Patch provided by Pavel Cibulka. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update web.xml, web-fragment.xml and web.xml extracts generated by JspC
+        to use the Servlet 4.0 version of the relevant schemas. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove duplicate calls when creating a replicated session to reduce the
+        time taken to create the session and thereby reduce the chances of a
+        subsequent session update message being ignored because the session does
+        not yet exist. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add the method to send a message with a specified sendOptions. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When sending the <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> message, make sure that
+        sends with asynchronous option in order to avoid ack timeout. Waiting to
+        receive the <code>ALL_SESSION_DATA</code> message should be done with
+        <code>waitForSendAllSessions</code> instead of ACK. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Use NIO2 API for websockets writes. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When decoding of path parameter failed, make sure to throw
+        <code>DecodeException</code> instead of throwing
+        <code>ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the handling of exceptions during TLS handshakes for the
+        WebSocket client. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enable host name verification when using TLS with the WebSocket client.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62395">62395</a>: Clarify the meaning of the connector attribute
+        <code>minSpareThreads</code> in the documentation web application.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the documentation for the <code>allowHostHeaderMismatch</code>
+        attribute of the standard HTTP Connector implementations. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the correct default value is returned when retrieve unset
+        properties in <code>McastService</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make <code>MembershipService</code> more easily extensible. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When <code>logValidationErrors</code> is set to true, the connection
+        validation error is logged as <code>SEVERE</code> instead of
+        <code>WARNING</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.9_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that Apache Tomcat may be built from source with Java 11. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52381">52381</a>: Add OSGi metadata to JAR files. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62391">62391</a>: Remove references to <code>javaw.exe</code> as this
+        file is not required by Tomcat and the references prevent the use of the
+        Server JRE. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.17 to
+        pick up the latest Windows binaries built with APR 1.6.3 and OpenSSL
+        1.0.2o. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62458">62458</a>: Update the internal fork of Commons Pool 2 to dfef97b
+        (2018-06-18) to pick up some bug fixes and enhancements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons DBCP 2 to 2.4.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.8_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-05-03</span> Tomcat 9.0.8 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.8_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62263">62263</a>: Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code> when the
+        <code>RemoteIpValve</code> processes a request for which no Context can
+        be found. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62258">62258</a>: Don't trigger the standard error page mechanism when
+        the error has caused the connection to the client to be closed as no-one
+        will ever see the error page. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Register MBean when DataSource Resource <code>
+        type="javax.sql.XADataSource"</code>. Patch provided by Masafumi Miura.
+        (csutherl)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a rare edge case that is unlikely to occur in real usage. This edge
+        case meant that writing long streams of UTF-8 characters to the HTTP
+        response that consisted almost entirely of surrogate pairs could result
+        in one surrogate pair being dropped. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Apache Commons BCEL to r1829827 to add early
+        access Java 11 support to the annotation scanning code. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62297">62297</a>: Enable the <code>CrawlerSessionManagerValve</code> to
+        correctly handle bots that crawl multiple hosts and/or web applications
+        when the Valve is configured on a Host or an Engine. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62309">62309</a>: Fix a <code>SecurityException</code> when using JASPIC
+        under a <code>SecurityManager</code> when authentication is not
+        mandatory. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62329">62329</a>: Correctly list resources in JAR files when directories
+        do not have dedicated entries. Patch provided by Meelis M&uuml;&uuml;r. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Collapse multiple leading <code>/</code> characters to a single
+        <code>/</code> in the return value of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest#getContextPath()</code> to avoid issues if the
+        value is used with <code>HttpServletResponse#sendRedirect()</code>. This
+        behaviour is enabled by default and configurable via the new Context
+        attribute <code>allowMultipleLeadingForwardSlashInPath</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of overflow in the UTF-8 decoder with supplementary
+        characters. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.8_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct off-by-one error in thread pool that allowed thread pools to
+        increase in size to one more than the configured limit. Patch provided
+        by usc. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Prevent unexpected TLS handshake failures caused by errors during a
+        previous handshake that were not correctly cleaned-up when using the NIO
+        or NIO2 connector with the <code>OpenSSLImplementation</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62273">62273</a>: Implement configuration options to work-around
+        specification non-compliant user agents (including all the major
+        browsers) that do not correctly %nn encode URI paths and query strings
+        as required by RFC 7230 and RFC 3986. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix sync for NIO2 async IO blocking read/writes. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.8_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the Eclipse Compiler for Java to 4.7.3a. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Allow <code>9</code> to be used to specify Java 9 as the compiler source
+        and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. The Early Access value of
+        <code>1.9</code> is still supported. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying Java 10 (with the value <code>10</code>) as
+        the compiler source and/or compiler target for JSP compilation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62287">62287</a>: Do not rely on hash codes to test instances of
+        <code>ValueExpressionImpl</code> for equality. Patch provided by Mark
+        Struberg. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.8_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62301">62301</a>: Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61491">61491</a>
+        that didn't correctly handle a final empty message part in all
+        circumstances when using <code>PerMessageDeflate</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62332">62332</a>: Ensure WebSocket connections are closed after an I/O
+        error is experienced reading from the client. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.8_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid warning when running under Cygwin when the
+        <code>JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS</code> environment variable is not set. Patch
+        provided by Zemian Deng. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.7_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-04-07</span> Tomcat 9.0.7 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.7_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=51195">51195</a>: Avoid a false positive report of a web application
+        memory leak by clearing <code>ObjectStreamClass$Caches</code> of classes
+        loaded by the web application when the web application is stopped.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52688">52688</a>: Add support for the <code>maxDays</code> attribute to
+        the <code>AccessLogValve</code> and <code>ExtendedAccessLogValve</code>.
+        This allows the maximum number of days for which rotated access logs
+        should be retained before deletion to be defined. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure the MBean names for the <code>SSLHostConfig</code> and
+        <code>SSLHostConfigCertificate</code> are correctly formed when the
+        <code>Connector</code> is bound to a specific IP address. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62168">62168</a>: When using the <code>PersistentManager</code> honor a
+        value of <code>-1</code> for <code>minIdleSwap</code> and do not swap
+        out sessions to keep the number of active sessions under
+        <code>maxActive</code>. Patch provided by Holger Sunke. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62172">62172</a>: Improve Javadoc for
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.Constants</code> and ensure that the
+        constants are correctly used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62175">62175</a>: Avoid infinite recursion, when trying to validate
+        a session while loading it with <code>PersistentManager</code>.
+        (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that <code>NamingContextListener</code> instances are only
+        notified once of property changes on the associated naming resources.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62224">62224</a>: Disable the <code>forkJoinCommonPoolProtection</code>
+        of the <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code> when running on Java
+        9 and above since the underlying JRE bug has been fixed. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.7_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid potential loop in APR/Native poller. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure streams that are received but not processed are excluded from the
+        tracking of maximum ID of processed streams. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the check for a paused connector to consistently prevent new
+        streams from being created after the connector has been paused. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve debug logging for HTTP/2 pushed streams. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The OpenSSL engine SSL session will now ignore invalid accesses. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62177">62177</a>: Correct two protocol errors with HTTP/2
+        <code>PUSH_PROMISE</code> frames. Firstly, the HTTP/2 protocol only
+        permits pushes to be sent on peer initiated requests. Secondly, pushes
+        must be sent in order of increasing stream ID. These restriction were
+        not being enforced leading to protocol errors at the client. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.7_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add document for <code>FragmentationInterceptor</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Document how the roles for an authenticated user are determined when the
+        <code>CombinedRealm</code> is used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62163">62163</a>: Correct the Tomcat Setup documentation that
+        incorrectly referred to Java 7 as the minimum version rather than Java
+        8. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.7_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add JMX support for <code>FragmentationInterceptor</code> in order to
+        prevent warning of startup. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.7_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that <code>SQLWarning</code> has been cleared when connection
+        returns to the pool. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Enable clearing of <code>SQLWarning</code> via JMX. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that parameters have been cleared when
+        <code>PreparedStatement</code> and/or <code>CallableStatement</code> are
+        cached. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enable PoolCleaner to be started even if <code>validationQuery</code>
+        is not set. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.7_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the build script so MD5 hashes are no longer generated for
+        releases as per the change in the ASF distribution policy. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62164">62164</a>: Switch the build script to use TLS for downloads from
+        SourceForge and Maven Central to avoid failures due to HTTP to HTTPS
+        redirects. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Always report the OS's umask when launching the JVM. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add managed connections package to the package renamed DBCP 2 to provide
+        a complete DBCP 2 in Tomcat. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.6_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-03-08</span> Tomcat 9.0.6 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.6_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=43866">43866</a>: Add additional attributes to the Manager to provide
+        control over which listeners are called when an attribute is added to
+        the session when it has already been added under the same name. This is
+        to aid clustering scenarios where <code>setAttribute()</code> is often
+        called to signal that the attribute value has been mutated and needs to
+        be replicated but it may not be required, or even desired, for the
+        associated listeners to be triggered. The default behaviour has not been
+        changed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Minor optimization when calling class transformers. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Pass errors triggered by invalid requests or unavailable services to the
+        application provided error handling and/or the container provided error
+        handling (<code>ErrorReportValve</code>) as appropriate. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=41007">41007</a>: Add the ability to specify static HTML responses for
+        specific error codes and/or exception types with the
+        <code>ErrorReportValve</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Prevent Tomcat from applying gzip compression to content that is already
+        compressed with brotli compression. Based on a patch provided by burka.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62090">62090</a>: Null container names are not allowed. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62104">62104</a>: Fix programmatic login regression as the
+        NonLoginAuthenticator has to be set for it to work (if no login method
+        is specified). (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62117">62117</a>: Improve error message in <code>catalina.sh</code> when
+        calling <code>kill -0 &lt;pid&gt;</code> fails. Based on a suggestion
+        from Mark Morschhaeuser. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62118">62118</a>: Correctly create a JNDI <code>ServiceRef</code> using
+        the specified interface rather than the concrete type. Based on a
+        suggestion by &Aacute;ngel &Aacute;lvarez P&aacute;scua. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix for <code>RequestDumperFilter</code> log attribute. Patch provided
+        by Kirill Romanov via Github. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62123">62123</a>: Avoid <code>ConcurrentModificationException</code>
+        when attempting to clean up application triggered RMI memory leaks on
+        web application stop. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When a deployment descriptor is deployed that includes a
+        <code>path</code> attribute, log a warning that the <code>path</code>
+        attribute will be ignored. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When a deployment descriptor is deployed that references an external
+        <code>docBase</code> and, as a result, a <code>docBase</code> under the
+        <code>appBase</code> will be ignored, log a warning. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60276">60276</a> that meant that
+        compression was applied to all MIME types. Patch provided by Stefan
+        Knoblich. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.6_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add async HTTP/2 parser for NIO2. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add minor HPACK fixes, based on fixes by Stuart Douglas. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61751">61751</a>: Follow up fix so that OpenSSL engine returns
+        underflow when unwrapping if no bytes were produced and the input is
+        empty. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Minor OpenSSL engine cleanups. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        NIO SSL handshake should throw an exception on overflow status, like
+        NIO2 SSL. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.6_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47467">47467</a>: When deploying a web application via the manager
+        application and a path is not explicitly specified, derive it from the
+        provided deployment descriptor or, if that is not present, the WAR or
+        DIR. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48672">48672</a>: Add documentation for the Host Manager web
+        application. Patch provided by Marek Czernek. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for specifying the application version when deploying an
+        application via the Manager application HTML interface. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Work-around a known, non-specification compliant behaviour in some
+        versions of IE that can allow XSS when the Manager application generates
+        a plain text response. Based on a suggestion from Muthukumar Marikani.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.5_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-02-11</span> Tomcat 9.0.5 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.5_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Prevent a stack trace being written to standard out when running on Java
+        10 due to changes in the <code>LogManager</code> implementation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid duplicate load attempts if one has been made already. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid NPE in ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener if there is no Engine.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62000">62000</a>: When a JNDI reference cannot be resolved, ensure that
+        the root cause exception is reported rather than swallowed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62036">62036</a>: When caching an authenticated user Principal in the
+        session when the web application is configured with the
+        <code>NonLoginAuthenticator</code>, cache the internal Principal object
+        rather than the user facing Principal object as Tomcat requires the
+        internal object to correctly process later authorization checks. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Refactor error handling to enable errors that occur before processing is
+        passed to the application to be handled by the application provided
+        error handling and/or the container provided error handling
+        (<code>ErrorReportValve</code>) as appropriate. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Pass 404 errors triggered by a missing ROOT web application to the
+        container error handling to generate the response body. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Pass 400 errors triggered by invalid request targets to the container
+        error handling to generate the response body. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Provide a correct <code>Allow</code> header when responding to an HTTP
+        <code>TRACE</code> request for a JSP with a 405 status code. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When using Tomcat embedded, only perform Authenticator configuration
+        once during web application start. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62067">62067</a>: Correctly apply security constraints mapped to the
+        context root using a URL pattern of <code>""</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Process all <code>ServletSecurity</code> annotations at web application
+        start rather than at servlet load time to ensure constraints are applied
+        consistently. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.5_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61751">61751</a>: Fix truncated request input streams when using NIO2
+        with TLS. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62023">62023</a>: Log error reporting multiple SSLHostConfig elements
+        when using the APR Connector instead of crashing Tomcat. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62032">62032</a>: Fix NullPointerException when certificateFile is not
+        defined on an SSLHostConfig and unify the behavior when a
+        certificateFile is defined but the file does not exist for both
+        JKS and PEM file types. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the <code>toString()</code> method behaves consistently for
+        <code>ByteChunk</code> and <code>CharChunk</code> and that
+        <code>null</code> is returned when <code>toString()</code> is called
+        both on newly created objects and immediately after a call to
+        <code>recycle()</code>. This should not impact typical Tomcat users. It
+        may impact users who use these classes directly in their own code.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the <code>toString()</code>, <code>toBytes()</code> and
+        <code>toChars()</code> methods of <code>MessageBytes</code> behave
+        consistently and do not throw a <code>NullPointerException</code> both
+        on newly created objects and immediately after a call to
+        <code>recycle()</code>. This should not impact typical Tomcat users. It
+        may impact users who use these classes directly in their own code.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When processing an HTTP 1.0 request in the HTTP connector and no host
+        information is provided in the request, obtain the server port from the
+        local port rather than the connector configuration since the configured
+        value maybe zero. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Enable strict validation of the provided host name and port for all
+        connectors. Requests with invalid host names and/or ports will be
+        rejected with a 400 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the host validation to permit host names and components of domain
+        names (excluding top-level domains) to start with a number and to ensure
+        that top-level domains are fully alphabetic. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62053">62053</a>: Fix NPE when writing push headers with HTTP/2 NIO2.
+        Patch submitted by Holger Sunke. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.5_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Include an HTTP <code>Allow</code> header when a JSP generates a
+        405 response due to a request with an unsupported method. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for the HTTP <code>OPTION</code> method to JSPs. The
+        JSP specification explicitly states that the behaviour for this
+        method is undefined for JSPs so this is a Tomcat specific
+        behaviour. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.5_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62024">62024</a>: When closing a connection with an abnormal close,
+        close the socket immediately rather than waiting for a close message
+        from the client that may never arrive. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.5_(markt)/Webapps">Webapps</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62049">62049</a>: Fix missing class from manager 404 JSP error page.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.5_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Enhance the JMX support for jdbc-pool in order to expose
+        <code>PooledConnection</code> and <code>JdbcInterceptors</code>.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add MBean for <code>PooledConnection</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62011">62011</a>: Add MBean for <code>StatementCache</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expose the cache size for each connection via JMX in
+        <code>StatementCache</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add MBean for <code>ResetAbandonedTimer</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.5_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the list with the public interfaces in the RELEASE-NOTES.
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the NSIS Installer used to build the Windows installer to version
+        3.03. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.4_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2018-01-22</span> Tomcat 9.0.4 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.4_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the previous fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61916">61916</a> that meant
+        that any call to <code>addHeader()</code> would have been replaced with
+        a call to <code>setHeader()</code> for all requests mapped to the
+        <code>AddDefaultCharsetFilter</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61999">61999</a>: maxSavePostSize set to 0 should disable saving POST
+        data during authentication. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.4_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix NIO2 HTTP/2 sendfile. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61993">61993</a>: Improve handling for <code>ByteChunk</code> and
+        <code>CharChunk</code> instances that grow close to the maximum size
+        allowed by the JRE. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.4_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=43925">43925</a>: Add a new system property
+        (<code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.BUFFER_SIZE</code>) to
+        control the size of the buffer used by Jasper when buffering tag bodies.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.4_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=62006">62006</a>: Document the new <code>JvmOptions9</code> command line
+        parameter for <code>tomcat9.exe</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.3_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.3 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.3_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57619">57619</a>: Implement a small optimisation to how JAR URLs are
+        processed to reduce the storage of duplicate String objects in memory.
+        Patch provided by Dmitri Blinov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add some missing NPEs to ServletContext. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the Java EE 8 XML schema to the released versions. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Minor HTTP/2 push fixes. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61916">61916</a>: Extend the <code>AddDefaultCharsetFilter</code> to add
+        a character set when the content type is set via
+        <code>setHeader()</code> or <code>addHeader()</code> as well as when it
+        is set via <code>setContentType()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When using WebDAV to copy a file resource to a destination that requires
+        a collection to be overwritten, ensure that the operation succeeds
+        rather than fails (with a 500 response). This enables Tomcat to pass two
+        additional tests from the Litmus WebDAV test suite. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Modify the Default and WebDAV Servlets so that a 405 status code is
+        returned for <code>PUT</code> and <code>DELETE</code> requests when
+        disabled via the <code>readonly</code> initialisation parameter.
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Align the contents of the <code>Allow</code> header with the response
+        code for the Default and WebDAV Servlets. For any given resource a
+        method that returns a 405 status code will not be listed in the
+        <code>Allow</code> header and a method listed in the <code>Allow</code>
+        header will not return a 405 status code. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.3_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60276">60276</a>: Implement GZIP compression support for responses
+        served over HTTP/2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not call onDataAvailable without any data to read. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly handle EOF when <code>ServletInputStream.isReady()</code> is
+        called. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61886">61886</a>: Log errors on non-container threads at
+        <code>DEBUG</code> rather than <code>INFO</code>. The exception will be
+        made available to the application via the asynchronous error handling
+        mechanism. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61914">61914</a>: Possible NPE with Java 9 when creating an SSL engine.
+        Patch submitted by Evgenij Ryazanov. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61918">61918</a>: Fix connectionLimitLatch counting when closing an
+        already closed socket. Based on a patch by Ryan Fong. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for the OpenSSL ARIA ciphers to the OpenSSL to JSSE
+        cipher mapping. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61932">61932</a>: Allow a call to <code>AsyncContext.dispatch()</code>
+        to terminate non-blocking I/O. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61948">61948</a>: Improve the handling of malformed ClientHello messages
+        in the code that extracts the SNI information from a TLS handshake for
+        the JSSE based NIO and NIO2 connectors. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix NIO2 handshaking with a full input buffer. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Return a simple, plain text error message if a client attempts to make a
+        plain text HTTP connection to a TLS enabled NIO or NIO2 Connector.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.3_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61854">61854</a>: When using sets and/or maps in EL expressions, ensure
+        that Jasper correctly parses the expression. Patch provided by Ricardo
+        Martin Camarero. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the handling of methods with varargs in EL expressions. In
+        particular, the calling of a varargs method with no parameters now works
+        correctly. Based on a patch by Nitkalya (Ing) Wiriyanuparb. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61945">61945</a>: Fix prototype mode used to compile tags. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.3_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61223">61223</a>: Add the mbeans-descriptors.dtd file to the custom
+        MBean documentation so users have a reference to use when constructing
+        mbeans-descriptors.xml files for custom components. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61565">61565</a>: Add the ability to trigger a reloading of TLS host
+        configuration (certificate and key files, server.xml is not re-parsed)
+        via the Manager web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61566">61566</a>: Expose the currently in use certificate chain and list
+        of trusted certificates for all virtual hosts configured using the JSSE
+        style (keystore) TLS configuration via the Manager web application.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Partial fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61886">61886</a>. Ensure that multiple threads do not
+        attempt to complete the <code>AsyncContext</code> if an I/O error occurs
+        in the stock ticker example Servlet. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61886">61886</a>: Prevent <code>ConcurrentModificationException</code>
+        when running the asynchronous stock ticker in the examples web
+        application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61886">61886</a>: Prevent <code>NullPointerException</code> and other
+        errors if the stock ticker example is running when the examples web
+        application is stopped. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61910">61910</a>: Clarify the meaning of the <code>allowLinking</code>
+        option in the documentation web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add OCSP configuration information to the SSL How-To. Patch provided by
+        Marek Czernek. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.3_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61312">61312</a>: Prevent <code>NullPointerException</code> when using
+        the statement cache of connection that has been closed. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.3_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add an additional system property for the system property replacement.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add missing SHA-512 hash for release artifacts to the build script.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons Pool 2 to 2.4.3. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons DBCP 2 to 8a71764 (2017-10-18) to
+        pick up some bug fixes and enhancements. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons FileUpload to 6c00d57 (2017-11-23)
+        to pick up some code clean-up. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons Codec to r1817136 to pick up some
+        code clean-up. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The native source bundles (for Commons Daemon and Tomcat Native) are no
+        longer copied to the bin directory for the deploy target. They are now
+        only copied to the bin directory for the release target. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.2_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-11-30</span> Tomcat 9.0.2 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.2_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix possible <code>SecurityException</code> when using TLS related
+        request attributes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61597">61597</a>: Extend the <code>StandardJarScanner</code> to scan
+        JARs on the module path when running on Java 9 and class path scanning
+        is enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61601">61601</a>: Add support for multi-release JARs in JAR scanning and
+        web application class loading. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61681">61681</a>: Allow HTTP/2 push when using request wrapping. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Provide the <code>SessionInitializerFilter</code> that can be used to
+        ensure that an HTTP session exists when initiating a WebSocket
+        connection. Patch provided by isapir. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61682">61682</a>: When re-prioritising HTTP/2 streams, ensure that both
+        parent and children fields are correctly updated to avoid a possible
+        <code>StackOverflowError</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve concurrency by reducing the scope of the synchronisation for
+        <code>javax.security.auth.message.config.AuthConfigFactory</code> in the
+        JASPIC API implementation. Based on a patch by Pavan Kumar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a possible <code>NullPointerException</code> when timing out
+        <code>AsyncContext</code> instances during shut down. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61777">61777</a>: Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code> when
+        detaching a JASPIC <code>RegistrationListener</code>. Patch provided by
+        Lazar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61778">61778</a>: Correct the return value when detaching a JASPIC
+        <code>RegistrationListener</code>. Patch provided by Lazar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61779">61779</a>: Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code> when a
+        <code>null</code> <code>RegistrationListener</code> is passed to
+        <code>AuthConfigFactory.getConfigProvider()</code>. Patch provided by
+        Lazar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61780">61780</a>: Only include the default JASPIC registration ID in the
+        return value for a call to
+        <code>AuthConfigFactory.getRegistrationIDs()</code> if a
+        <code>RegistrationContext</code> has been registered using the default
+        registration ID. Patch provided by Lazar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61781">61781</a>: Enable JASPIC provider registrations to be persisted
+        when the layer and/or application context are <code>null</code>. Patch
+        provided by Lazar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61782">61782</a>: When calling
+        <code>AuthConfigFactory.doRegisterConfigProvider()</code> and the
+        requested JASPIC config provider class is found by the web application
+        class loader, do not attempt to load the class with the class loader
+        that loaded the JASPIC API. Patch provided by Lazar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61783">61783</a>: When calling
+        <code>AuthConfigFactory.removeRegistration()</code> and the registration
+        is persistent, it should be removed from the persistent store. Patch
+        provided by Lazar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61784">61784</a>: Correctly handle the case when
+        <code>AuthConfigFactoryImpl.registerConfigProvider()</code> is called
+        with a provider name of <code>null</code>. Patch provided by Lazar.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61795">61795</a>: Add a property to the <code>Authenticator</code>
+        implementations to enable a custom JASPIC <code>CallbackHandler</code>
+        to be specified. Patch provided by Lazar. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.2_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61568">61568</a>: Avoid a potential <code>SecurityException</code> when
+        using the NIO2 connector and a new thread is added to the pool. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61583">61583</a>: Correct a further regression in the fix to enable the
+        use of Java key stores that contained multiple keys that did not all
+        have the same password. This fixes PKCS11 key store handling with
+        multiple keys selected with an alias. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve NIO2 syncing for async IO operations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Sendfile support for HTTP/2 and NIO2. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Reduce default HTTP/2 stream concurrent execution within a connection
+        from 200 to 20. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61668">61668</a>: Avoid a possible NPE when calling
+        <code>AbstractHttp11Protocol.getSSLProtocol()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61673">61673</a>: Avoid a possible
+        <code>ConcurrentModificationException</code> when working with the
+        streams associated with a connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61719">61719</a>: Avoid possible NPE calling
+        InputStream.setReadListener with HTTP/2. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61736">61736</a>: Improve performance of NIO connector when clients
+        leave large time gaps between network packets. Patch provided by Zilong
+        Song. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61740">61740</a>: Correct an off-by-one error in the Hpack header index
+        validation that caused intermittent request failures when using HTTP/2.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.2_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61604">61604</a>: Fix SMAP generation for JSPs that generate no output.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61816">61816</a>: Invalid expressions in attribute values or template
+        text should trigger a translation (compile time) error, not a run time
+        error. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.2_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61604">61604</a>: Add support for authentication in the websocket
+        client. Patch submitted by J Fernandez. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.2_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct Javadoc links to point to Java SE 8 and Java EE 8. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enable Javadoc to be built with Java 9. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61603">61603</a>: Add XML filtering for the status servlet output where
+        needed. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the description of how the CGI servlet maps a request to a
+        script in the CGI How-To. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.2_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix incorrect behavior that attempts to resend channel messages more
+        than the actual setting value of <code>maxRetryAttempts</code>.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the remaining Sender can send channel messages by avoiding
+        unintended <code>ChannelException</code> caused by comparing the number
+        of failed members and the number of remaining Senders. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that remaining SelectionKeys that were not handled by throwing a
+        <code>ChannelException</code> during SelectionKey processing are
+        handled. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.2_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61439">61439</a> and exclude the JPA, JAX-WS and EJB
+        annotations completely from the Tomcat distributions. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of endorsed directories. The endorsed directory
+        mechanism will only be used if the <code>JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS</code>
+        system property is explicitly set or if
+        <code>$CATALINA_HOME/endorsed</code> exists. When running on Java 9, any
+        such attempted use of the endorsed directory mechanism will trigger an
+        error and Tomcat will fail to start. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=51496">51496</a>: When using the Windows installer, check if the
+        requested service name already exists and, if it does, prompt the user
+        to select an alternative service name. Patch provided by Ralph
+        Plawetzki. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61590">61590</a>: Enable <code>service.bat</code> to recognise when
+        <code>JAVA_HOME</code> is configured for a Java 9 JDK. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61598">61598</a>: Update the Windows installer to search the new (as of
+        Java 9) registry locations when looking for a JRE. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add generation of a SHA-512 hash for release artifacts to the build
+        script. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61658">61658</a>: Update MIME mappings for fonts to use
+        <code>font/*</code> as per RFC8081. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.16 to
+        pick up the latest Windows binaries built with APR 1.6.3 and OpenSSL
+        1.0.2m. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the NSIS Installer used to build the Windows installer to version
+        3.02.1. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the Windows installer to use "The Apache Software Foundation" as
+        the Publisher when Tomcat is displayed in the list of installed
+        applications in Microsoft Windows. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61803">61803</a>: Remove outdated SSL information from the Security
+        documentation. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.1_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-09-30</span> Tomcat 9.0.1 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.1_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use the correct path when loading the JVM <code>logging.properties</code>
+        file for Java 9. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add additional validation to the resource handling required to fix
+        CVE-2017-12617 on Windows. The checks were being performed elsewhere but
+        adding them to the resource handling ensures that the checks are always
+        performed. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.1_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61563">61563</a>: Correct typos in Spanish translation. Patch provided by
+        Gonzalo V&aacute;squez. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61542">61542</a>: Fix CVE-2017-12617 and prevent JSPs from being
+        uploaded via a specially crafted request when HTTP PUT was enabled.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61554">61554</a>: Exclude test files in unusual encodings and markdown
+        files intended for display in GitHub from RAT analysis. Patch provided
+        by Chris Thistlethwaite. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60762">60762</a>: Add the ability to make changes to the TLS
+        configuration of a connector at runtime without having to restart the
+        Connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add an option to reject requests that contain HTTP headers with invalid
+        (non-token) header names with a 400 response and reject such requests by
+        default. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement the requirements of RFC 7230 (and RFC 2616) that HTTP/1.1
+        requests must include a <code>Host</code> header and any request that
+        does not must be rejected with a 400 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement the requirements of RFC 7230 that any HTTP/1.1 request that
+        specifies a host in the request line, must specify the same host in the
+        <code>Host</code> header and that any such request that does not, must
+        be rejected with a 400 response. This check is optional but enabled by
+        default. It may be disabled with the
+        <code>allowHostHeaderMismatch</code> attribute of the Connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Implement the requirements of RFC 7230 that any HTTP/1.1 request that
+        contains multiple <code>Host</code> headers is rejected with a 400
+        response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add a way to set the property source in embedded mode. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61557">61557</a>: Correct a further regression in the fix to enable the
+        use of Java key stores that contain multiple keys that do not all have
+        the same password. The regression broke support for some FIPS compliant
+        key stores. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61545">61545</a>: Correctly handle invocations of methods defined in the
+        <code>PooledConnection</code> interface when using pooled XA
+        connections. Patch provided by Nils Winkler. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59904">59904</a> so that values less than zero are accepted
+        instead of throwing a NegativeArraySizeException. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Complete the implementation of the Servlet 4.0 specification. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M27_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-09-19</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M27 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M27_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Before generating an error page in the <code>ErrorReportValve</code>,
+        check to see if I/O is still permitted for the associated connection
+        before generating the error page so that the page generation can be
+        skipped if the page is never going to be sent. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61189">61189</a>: Add the ability to set environment variables for
+        individual CGI scripts. Based on a patch by jm009. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61210">61210</a>: When running under a SecurityManager, do not print a
+        warning about not being able to read a logging configuration file when
+        that file does not exist. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61280">61280</a>: Add RFC 7617 support to the
+        <code>BasicAuthenticator</code>. Note that the default configuration
+        does not change the existing behaviour. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61424">61424</a>: Avoid a possible <code>StackOverflowError</code> when
+        running under a <code>SecurityManager</code> and using
+        <code>Subject.doAs()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When running under Java 9 or later, and the
+        <code>urlCacheProtection</code> option of the
+        <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code> is enabled, use the API
+        added in Java 9 to only disable the caching for JAR URL connections.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61489">61489</a>: When using the CGI servlet, make the generation of
+        command line arguments from the query string (as per section 4.4 of RFC
+        3875) optional and disabled by default. Based on a patch by jm009.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61503">61503</a>: This corrects a potential regression in the fix for
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60940">60940</a> with an alternative solution that adds the
+        <code>JarEntry</code> objects normally skipped by a
+        <code>JarInputStream</code> only if those entries exist. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M27_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        The minimum required Tomcat Native version has been increased to 1.2.14.
+        This version includes a new API needed for correct client certificate
+        support when using a Java connector with OpenSSL TLS implementation and
+        support for the <code>SSL_CONF</code> OpenSSL API. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for the OpenSSL <code>SSL_CONF</code> API when using
+        TLS with OpenSSL implementation. It can be used by adding
+        <code>OpenSSLConf</code> elements underneath <code>SSLHostConfig</code>.
+        The new element contains a list of <code>OpenSSLConfCmd</code> elements,
+        each with the attributes <code>name</code> and <code>value</code>.
+        (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When using a Java connector in combination with the OpenSSL TLS
+        implementation, do not configure each SSL connection object via
+        the OpenSSLEngine. For OpenSSL the SSL object inherits its
+        settings from the SSL_CTX which we have already configured.
+        (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When using JSSE TLS configuration with the OpenSSL implementation and
+        client certificates: include client CA subjects in the TLS handshake
+        so that the client can choose an appropriate client certificate to
+        present. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        If an invalid option is specified for the
+        <code>certificateVerification</code> attribute of an
+        <code>SSLHostConfig</code> element, treat it as <code>required</code>
+        which is the most secure / restrictive option in addition to reporting
+        the configuration error. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the handling of client disconnections during the TLS
+        renegotiation handshake. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Prevent exceptions being thrown during normal shutdown of NIO
+        connections. This enables TLS connections to close cleanly. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix possible race condition when setting IO listeners on an upgraded
+        connection. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the APR/native connector uses blocking I/O for TLS
+        renegotiation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48655">48655</a>: Enable Tomcat to shutdown cleanly when using sendfile,
+        the APR/native connector and a multi-part download is in progress.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58244">58244</a>: Handle the case when OpenSSL resumes a TLS session
+        using a ticket and the full client certificate chain is not available.
+        In this case the client certificate without the chain will be presented
+        to the application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the warning message when JSSE and OpenSSL configuration styles
+        are mixed on the same <code>SSLHostConfig</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61415">61415</a>: Fix TLS renegotiation with OpenSSL based connections
+        and session caching. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Delay checking that the configured attributes for an
+        <code>SSLHostConfig</code> instance are consistent with the configured
+        SSL implementation until <code>Connector</code> start to avoid incorrect
+        warnings when the SSL implementation changes during initialisation.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61450">61450</a>: Fix default key alias algorithm. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61451">61451</a>: Correct a regression in the fix to enable the use of
+        Java key stores that contained multiple keys that did not all have the
+        same password. The regression broke support for any key store that did
+        not store keys in PKCS #8 format such as hardware key stores and Windows
+        key stores. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M27_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60523">60523</a>: Reduce the number of packets used to send WebSocket
+        messages by not flushing between the header and the payload when the
+        two are written together. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61491">61491</a>: When using the <code>permessage-deflate</code>
+        extension, correctly handle the sending of empty messages after
+        non-empty messages to avoid the <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M27_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Show connector cipher list in the manager web application in the
+        correct cipher order. (rjung)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M27_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        To avoid unexpected session timeout notification from backup session,
+        update the access time when receiving the map member notification
+        message. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add member info to the log message when the failure detection check
+        fails in <code>TcpFailureDetector</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid Ping timeout until the added map member by receiving
+        <code>MSG_START</code> message is completely started. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When sending a channel message, make sure that the Sender has connected.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the backup node selection logic that node 0 is returned twice
+        consecutively. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix race condition of <code>responseMap</code> in
+        <code>RpcChannel</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M27_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61391">61391</a>: Ensure that failed queries are logged if the
+        <code>SlowQueryReport</code> interceptor is configured to do so and the
+        connection has been abandoned. Patch provided by Craig Webb. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61425">61425</a>: Ensure that transaction of idle connection has
+        terminated  when the <code>testWhileIdle</code> is set to
+        <code>true</code> and <code>defaultAutoCommit</code> is set to
+        <code>false</code>. Patch provided by WangZheng. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M27_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61419">61419</a>: Replace a Unix style comment in the DOS bat file
+        <code>catalina.bat</code> with the correct <code>rem</code> markup.
+        (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61439">61439</a>: Remove the Java Annotation API classes from
+        tomcat-embed-core.jar and package them in a separate JAR in the
+        embedded distribution to provide end users with greater flexibility to
+        handle potential conflicts with the JRE and/or other JARs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61441">61441</a>: Improve the detection of <code>JAVA_HOME</code> by the
+        <code>daemon.sh</code> script when running on a platform where Java has
+        been installed from an RPM. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.14 to
+        pick up the latest Windows binaries built with APR 1.6.2 and OpenSSL
+        1.0.2l. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61599">61599</a>: Update to Commons Daemon 1.1.0 for improved Java 9
+        support. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M26_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-08-08</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M26 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M26_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct multiple regressions in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=49464">49464</a> that could
+        corrupt static content served by the <code>DefaultServlet</code>.(markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a bug in the <code>PushBuilder</code> implementation that
+        meant push URLs containing <code>%nn</code> sequences were not correctly
+        decoded. Identified by FindBugs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61164">61164</a>: Add support for the <code>%X</code> pattern in the
+        <code>AccessLogValve</code> that reports the connection status at the
+        end of the request. Patch provided by Zemian Deng. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61351">61351</a>: Correctly handle %nn decoding of URL patterns in
+        web.xml and similar locations that may legitimately contain characters
+        that are not permitted by RFC 3986. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61366">61366</a>: Add a new attribute, <code>localDataSource</code>, to
+        the <code>JDBCStore</code> that allows the Store to be configured to use
+        a DataSource defined by the web application rather than the default of
+        using a globally defined DataSource. Patch provided by Jonathan
+        Horowitz. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M26_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61086">61086</a>: Ensure to explicitly signal an empty request body for
+        HTTP 205 responses. Additional fix to r1795278. Based on a patch
+        provided by Alexandr Saperov. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61345">61345</a>: Add a server listener that can be used to do system
+        property replacement from the property source configured in the
+        digester. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add additional logging to record problems that occur while waiting for
+        the NIO pollers to stop during the Connector stop process. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M26_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61364">61364</a>: Ensure that files are closed after detecting encoding
+        of JSPs so that files do not remain locked by the file system. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M26_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57767">57767</a>: Add support to the WebSocket client for following
+        redirects when attempting to establish a WebSocket connection. Patch
+        provided by J Fernandez. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M25_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-07-28</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M25 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M25_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Performance improvements for service loader look-ups (and look-ups of
+        other class loader resources) when the web application is deployed in a
+        packed WAR file. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60963">60963</a>: Add <code>ExtractingRoot</code>, a new
+        <code>WebResourceRoot</code> implementation that extracts JARs to the
+        work directory for improved performance when deploying packed WAR files.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61253">61253</a>: Add warn message when Digester.updateAttributes
+        throws an exception instead of ignoring it. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a further regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=49464">49464</a> that could
+        cause an byte order mark character to appear at the start of content
+        included by the <code>DefaultServlet</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61313">61313</a>: Make the read timeout configurable in the
+        <code>JNDIRealm</code> and ensure that a read timeout will result in an
+        attempt to fail over to the alternateURL. Based on patches by Peter
+        Maloney and Felix Schumacher. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M25_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the documentation for how <code>StandardRoot</code> is
+        configured. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M25_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61316">61316</a>: Fix corruption of UTF-16 encoded source files in
+        released source distributions. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M24_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M24 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M24_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52924">52924</a>: Add support for a Tomcat specific deployment
+        descriptor, <code>/WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</code>. This descriptor has an
+        identical format to <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. The Tomcat descriptor
+        takes precedence over any settings in <code>conf/web.xml</code> but does
+        not take precedence over any settings in <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61232">61232</a>: When log rotation is disabled only one separator will
+        be used when generating the log file name. For example if the prefix is
+        <code>catalina.</code> and the suffix is <code>.log</code> then the log
+        file name will be <code>catalina.log</code> instead of
+        <code>catalina..log</code>. Patch provided by Katya Stoycheva.
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61264">61264</a>: Correct a regression in the refactoring to use
+        <code>Charset</code> rather than <code>String</code> to store request
+        character encoding that prevented <code>getReader()</code> throwing an
+        <code>UnsupportedEncodingException</code> if the user agent specifies
+        an unsupported character encoding. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=49464">49464</a> that could cause an
+        incorrect <code>Content-Length</code> header to be sent by the
+        <code>DefaultServlet</code> if the encoding of a static is not
+        consistent with the encoding of the response. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M24_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enable TLS connectors to use Java key stores that contain multiple keys
+        where each key has a separate password. Based on a patch by Frank
+        Taffelt. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the handling of HTTP/2 stream resets due to excessive headers
+        when a continuation frame is used. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M24_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53031">53031</a>: Add support for the <code>fork</code> option when
+        compiling JSPs with the Jasper Ant task and javac. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M24_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=52791">52791</a>: Add the ability to set the defaults used by the
+        Windows installer from a configuration file. Patch provided by Sandra
+        Madden. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M23_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M23 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M23_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=49464">49464</a>: Improve the Default Servlet's handling of static files
+        when the file encoding is not compatible with the required response
+        encoding. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61214">61214</a>: Remove deleted attribute <code>servlets</code> from
+        the Context MBean description. Patch provided by Alexis Hassler. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61215">61215</a>: Correctly define <code>addConnectorPort</code> and
+        <code>invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny</code> in the
+        <code>mbean-descriptors.xml</code> file for the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.valves</code> package so that the attributes
+        are accessible via JMX. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61216">61216</a>: Improve layout for <code>CompositeData</code> and
+        <code>TabularData</code> when viewing via the JMX proxy servlet. Patch
+        provided by Alexis Hassler. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Additional permission for deleting files is granted to JULI as it is
+        required by FileHandler when running under a Security Manager. The
+        thread that cleans the log files is marked as daemon thread.
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61229">61229</a>: Correct a regression in 9.0.0.M21 that broke WebDAV
+        handling for resources with names that included a <code>&amp;</code>
+        character. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M23_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Restore the ability to configure support for SSLv3. Enabling this
+        protocol will trigger a warning in the logs since it is known to be
+        insecure. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add LoadBalancerDrainingValve, a Valve designed to reduce the amount of
+        time required for a node to drain its authenticated users. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not log a warning when a <code>null</code> session is returned for an
+        OpenSSL based TLS session since this is expected when session tickets
+        are enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When the access log valve logs a TLS related request attribute and the
+        NIO2 connector is used with OpenSSL, ensure that the TLS attributes are
+        available to the access log valve when the connection is closing.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60461">60461</a>: Sync SSL session access for the APR connector. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61224">61224</a>: Make the <code>GlobalRequestProcessor</code> MBean
+        attributes read-only. Patch provided by Alexis Hassler. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M23_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=49176">49176</a>: When generating JSP runtime error messages that quote
+        the relevant JSP source code, switch from using the results of the JSP
+        page parsing process to using the JSR 045 source map data to identify
+        the correct part of the JSP source from the stack trace. This
+        significantly reduces the memory footprint of Jasper in development
+        mode, provides a small performance improvement for error page generation
+        and enables source quotes to continue to be provided after a Tomcat
+        restart. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M23_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove references to the Loader attribute
+        <code>searchExternalFirst</code> from the documentation since the
+        attribute is no longer supported. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M23_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=51513">51513</a>: Add support for the <code>compressionMinSize</code>
+        attribute to the <code>GzipInterceptor</code>, add optional statistics
+        collection and expose the Interceptor over JMX. Based on a patch by
+        Christian St&ouml;ber. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61127">61127</a>: Allow human-readable names for channelSendOptions and
+        mapSendOptions. Patch provided by Igal Sapir. (schultz)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M23_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Restore the local definition of the web service annotations since the
+        JRE provided versions are deprecated and Java 9 does not provide them by
+        default. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add necessary Java 9 configuration options to the startup scripts to
+        prevent warnings being generated on web application stop. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M22_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-06-26</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M22 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M22_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48543">48543</a>: Add the option to specify an alternative file name for
+        the <code>catalina.config</code> system property. Also document that
+        relative, as well as absolute, URLs are permitted. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61072">61072</a>: Respect the documentation statements that allow
+        using the platform default secure random for session id generation.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the javadoc for
+        <code>o.a.c.connector.CoyoteAdapter#parseSessionCookiesId</code>.
+        Patch provided by John Andrew (XUZHOUWANG) via Github. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61101">61101</a>: CORS filter should set Vary header in response.
+        Submitted by Rick Riemer. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61105">61105</a>: Add a new JULI FileHandler configuration for
+        specifying the maximum number of days to keep the log files. By default
+        the log files will be kept 90 days as configured in
+        <code>logging.properties</code>. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the Servlet 4.0 implementation to add support for setting
+        trailer fields for HTTP responses. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61125">61125</a>: Ensure that <code>WarURLConnection</code> returns the
+        correct value for calls to <code>getLastModified()</code> as this is
+        required for the correct detection of JSP modifications when the JSP is
+        packaged in a WAR file. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the <code>SSLValve</code> so it is able to handle client
+        certificate headers from Nginx. Based on a patch by Lucas Ventura Carro.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61134">61134</a>: Do not use '[' and ']' symbols around substituted
+        text fragments when generating the default error pages. Patch provided
+        by Katya Todorova. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61154">61154</a>: Allow the Manager and Host Manager web applications to
+        start by default when running under a security manager. This was
+        accomplished by adding a custom permission,
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission</code>, that
+        permits an application to use a <code>META-INF/context.xml</code> file
+        and then granting that permission to the Manager and Host Manager.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61173">61173</a>: Polish the javadoc for
+        <code>o.a.catalina.startup.Tomcat</code>. Patch provided by
+        peterhansson_se. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        A new configuration property <code>crawlerIps</code> is added to the
+        <code>o.a.catalina.valves.CrawlerSessionManagerValve</code>. Using this
+        property one can specify a regular expression that will be used to
+        identify crawlers based on their IP address. Based on a patch provided
+        by Tetradeus. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61180">61180</a>: Log a warning message rather than an information
+        message if it takes more than 100ms to initialised a
+        <code>SecureRandom</code> instance for a web application to use to
+        generate session identifiers. Patch provided by Piotr Chlebda. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61185">61185</a>: When an asynchronous request is dispatched via
+        <code>AsyncContext.dispatch()</code> ensure that
+        <code>getRequestURI()</code> for the dispatched request matches that of
+        the original request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61197">61197</a>: Ensure that the charset name used in the
+        <code>Content-Type</code> header has exactly the same form as that
+        provided by the application. This reverts a behavioural change in
+        9.0.0.M21 that caused problems for some clients. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61201">61201</a>: Ensure that the <code>SCRIPT_NAME</code> environment
+        variable for CGI executables is populated in a consistent way regardless
+        of how the CGI servlet is mapped to a request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure to send a space between trailer field name and field value
+        for HTTP responses trailer fields. (huxing)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M22_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61086">61086</a>: Explicitly signal an empty request body for HTTP 205
+        responses. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61120">61120</a>: Do not ignore path parameters when processing HTTP/2
+        requests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Revert a change introduced in the fix for bug <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60718">60718</a> that
+        changed the status code recorded in the access log when the client
+        dropped the connection from 200 to 500. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make asynchronous error handling more robust. In particular ensure that
+        <code>onError()</code> is called for any registered
+        <code>AsyncListener</code>s after an I/O error on a non-container
+        thread. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add additional syncs to the SSL session object provided by the OpenSSL
+        engine so that a concurrent destruction cannot cause a JVM crash.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M22_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=44787">44787</a>: Improve error message when JSP compiler configuration
+        options are not valid. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=45931">45931</a>: Extend Jasper's <code>timeSpaces</code> option to add
+        support for <code>single</code> which replaces template text that
+        consists entirely of whitespace with a single space character. Based on
+        a patch by Meetesh Karia. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53011">53011</a>: When pre-compiling with JspC, report all compilation
+        errors rather than stopping after the first error. A new option
+        <code>-failFast</code> can be used to restore the previous behaviour of
+        stopping after the first error. Based on a patch provided by Marc Pompl.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61137">61137</a>: <code>j.s.jsp.tagext.TagLibraryInfo#uri</code> and
+        <code>j.s.jsp.tagext.TagLibraryInfo#prefix</code> fields should not be
+        final. Patch provided by Katya Todorova. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M22_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the log message when a <code>MessageHandler</code> for
+        <code>PongMessage</code> does not implement
+        <code>MessageHandler.Whole</code>. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve thread-safety of <code>Future</code>s used to report the result
+        of sending WebSocket messages. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61183">61183</a>: Correct a regression in the previous fix for
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58624">58624</a> that could trigger a deadlock depending on the locking
+        strategy employed by the client code. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M22_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Better document the meaning of the trimSpaces option for Jasper. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61150">61150</a>: Configure the Manager and Host-Manager web
+        applications to permit serialization and deserialization of
+        CRSFPreventionFilter related session objects to avoid warning messages
+        and/or stack traces on web application stop and/or start when running
+        under a security manager. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the TLS configuration documentation to remove SSLv2 and SSLv3
+        from the list of supported protocols. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M22_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=45832">45832</a>: Add HTTP DIGEST authentication support to the Catalina
+        Ant tasks used to communicate with the Manager application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=45879">45879</a>: Add the <code>RELEASE-NOTES</code> file to the root of
+        the installation created by the Tomcat installer for Windows to make it
+        easier for users to identify the installed Tomcat version. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61055">61055</a>: Clarify the code comments in the rewrite valve to make
+        clear that there are no plans to provide proxy support for this valve
+        since Tomcat does not have proxy capabilities. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61076">61076</a>: Document the <code>altDDName</code> attribute for the
+        <code>Context</code> element. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct typo in Jar Scan Filter Configuration Reference.
+        Issue reported via comments.apache.org. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the requirement for the minimum Java SE version in Application
+        Developer's Guide. Issue reported via comments.apache.org. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61145">61145</a>: Add missing <code>@Documented</code> annotation to
+        annotations in the annotations API. Patch provided by Katya Todorova.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61146">61146</a>: Add missing <code>lookup()</code> method to
+        <code>@EJB</code> annotation in the annotations API. Patch provided by
+        Katya Todorova. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct typo in Context Container Configuration Reference.
+        Patch provided by Katya Todorova. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-05-10</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M21 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)/General">General</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Allow to exclude JUnit test classes using the build property
+        <code>test.exclude</code> and document the property in
+        BUILDING.txt. (rjung)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Review those places where Tomcat re-encodes a URI or URI component and
+        ensure that the correct encoding (path differs from query string) is
+        applied and that the encoding is applied consistently. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code> when reading attributes for a
+        initialised HTTP connector where TLS is enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Always quote the <code>hostName</code> of an <code>SSLHostConfig</code>
+        element when using it as part of the JMX object name to avoid errors that
+        prevent the associated TLS connector from starting if a wild card
+        <code>hostName</code> is configured (because <code>*</code> is a
+        reserved character for JMX object names). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the default <code>URIEncoding</code> for a <code>Connector</code>
+        to <code>UTF-8</code> as required by the Servlet 4.0 specification.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Switch to using <code>Charset</code> rather than <code>String</code> to
+        store encoding settings (including for configuration and for the
+        <code>Content-Type header</code>) to reduce the number of places the
+        associated <code>Charset</code> needs to be looked up. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use a more reliable mechanism for the <code>DefaultServlet</code> when
+        determining if the current request is for custom error page or not.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that when the Default or WebDAV servlets process an error
+        dispatch that the error resource is processed via the
+        <code>doGet()</code> method irrespective of the method used for the
+        original request that triggered the error. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        If a static custom error page is specified that does not exist or cannot
+        be read, ensure that the intended error status is returned rather than a
+        404 or 403. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When the WebDAV servlet is configured and an error dispatch is made to a
+        custom error page located below <code>WEB-INF</code>, ensure that the
+        target error page is displayed rather than a 404 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the Servlet 4.0 implementation to add support for obtaining
+        trailer fields from chunked HTTP requests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61047">61047</a>: Add MIME mapping for woff2 fonts in the default
+        web.xml. Patch provided by Justin Williamson. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the logic that selects the encoding to use to decode the query
+        string in the <code>SSIServletExternalResolver</code> so that the
+        <code>useBodyEncodingForURI</code> attribute of the
+        <code>Connector</code> is correctly taken into account. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Within the Expires filter, make the content type value specified with the
+        <code>ExpiresByType</code> parameter, case insensitive. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When a <code>TrustManager</code> is configured that does not support
+        <code>certificateVerificationDepth</code> only log a warning about that
+        lack of support when <code>certificateVerificationDepth</code> has been
+        explicitly set. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60970">60970</a>: Extend the fix for large headers to push requests.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not include a <code>Date</code> header in HTTP/2 responses with
+        status codes less than 200. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When sending an HTTP/2 push promise with the NIO2 connector, the pushed
+        stream ID should only be included with the initial push promise frame
+        and not any subsequent continuation frames. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When no BOM is present and an encoding is detected, do not skip the
+        bytes used to detect the encoding since they are not part of a BOM.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61057">61057</a>: Update to Eclipse JDT Compiler 4.6.3. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61065">61065</a>: Ensure that once the class is resolved by
+        <code>javax.el.ImportHandler#resolveClass</code> it will be cached with
+        the proper name. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Introduce new API <code>o.a.tomcat.websocket.WsSession#suspend</code>/
+        <code>o.a.tomcat.websocket.WsSession#resume</code> that can be used to
+        suspend/resume reading of the incoming messages. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61003">61003</a>: Ensure the flags for reading/writing in
+        <code>o.a.t.websocket.AsyncChannelWrapperSecure</code> are correctly
+        reset even if some exceptions occurred during processing. (markt/violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)/Web_Applications">Web Applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add documents for <code>maxIdleTime</code> attribute to Channel Receiver
+        docs. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add features to get the statistics of the thread pool of the
+        <code>Receiver</code> component and
+        <code>MessageDispatchInterceptor</code>. These statistics information
+        can be acquired via JMX. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add <code>maxIdleTime</code> attribute to <code>NioReceiverMBean</code>
+        in order to expose to JMX. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add JMX support for <code>Channel Interceptors</code>. The Interceptors
+        that implement JMX support are <code>TcpFailureDetector</code>,
+        <code>ThroughputInterceptor</code>, <code>TcpPingInterceptor</code>,
+        <code>StaticMembershipInterceptor</code>,
+        <code>MessageDispatchInterceptor</code> and
+        <code>DomainFilterInterceptor</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M21_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Modify the Ant build script used to publish to a Maven repository so
+        that it no longer requires artifacts to be GPG signed. This is make it
+        possible for the CI system to upload snapshot builds to the ASF Maven
+        repository. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M20_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-04-18</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M20 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M20_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the Servlet 4.0 API implementation to reflect the change in
+        method name from <code>getPushBuilder()</code> to
+        <code>newPushBuilder()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct various edge cases in the new HTTP Host header validation
+        parser. Patch provided by Katya Todorova. (martk)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the X to comma refactoring that broke JMX
+        operations that take parameters. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code> when reading attributes for a
+        running HTTP connector where TLS is not enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47214">47214</a>: Refactor code so that explicitly referenced inner
+        classes are given explicit names rather than being anonymous. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59825">59825</a>: Log a message that lists the components in the
+        processing chain that do not support async processing when a call to
+        <code>ServletRequest.startAsync()</code> fails. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60940">60940</a>: Improve the handling of the <code>META-INF/</code> and
+        <code>META-INF/MANIFEST.MF</code> entries for Jar files located in
+        <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> when running a web application from a packed
+        WAR file. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Pre-load the <code>ExceptionUtils</code> class. Since the class is used
+        extensively in error handling, it is prudent to pre-load it to avoid any
+        failure to load this class masking the true problem during error
+        handling. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid potential <code>NullPointerException</code>s related to access
+        logging during shutdown, some of which have been observed when running
+        the unit tests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When there is no <code>javax.servlet.WriteListener</code> registered
+        then a call to <code>javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream#isReady</code>
+        will return <code>false</code> instead of throwing
+        <code>IllegalStateException</code>. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When there is no <code>javax.servlet.ReadListener</code> registered
+        then a call to <code>javax.servlet.ServletInputStream#isReady</code>
+        will return <code>false</code> instead of throwing
+        <code>IllegalStateException</code>. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M20_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Align cipher configuration parsing with current OpenSSL master. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60970">60970</a>: Fix infinite loop if application tries to write a
+        large header to the response when using HTTP/2. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M20_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47214">47214</a>: Refactor code so that explicitly referenced inner
+        classes are given explicit names rather than being anonymous. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60925">60925</a>: Improve the handling of access to properties defined
+        by interfaces when a <code>BeanELResolver</code> is used under a
+        <code>SecurityManager</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M20_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add JMX support for Tribes components. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M20_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the creating a constructor for a proxy class to reduce
+        duplicate code. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        In <code>StatementFacade</code>, the method call on the statements that
+        have been closed throw <code>SQLException</code> rather than
+        <code>NullPointerException</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M20_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60932">60932</a>: Correctly escape single quotes when used in i18n
+        messages. Based on a patch by Michael Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Review i18n property files, remove unnecessary escaping and consistently
+        use <code>[...]</code> to delimit inserted values. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the custom Ant task that integrates with the Symantec code
+        signing service to use the now mandatory 2-factor authentication.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactoring in preparation for Java 9. Refactor to avoid using some
+        methods that will be deprecated in Java 9 onwards. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M19_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-03-30</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M19 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M19_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=54618">54618</a>: Add support to the
+        <code>HttpHeaderSecurityFilter</code> for the HSTS preload parameter.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a bug in the implementation of the Servlet 4.0 feature that
+        allows specifying a default request and/or response character encoding
+        per web application. <code>null</code> values passed via the
+        programmatic interface no longer trigger a
+        <code>NullPointerException</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a potential exception during shutdown when one or more
+        Containers are configured with a value of 1 for startStopThreads.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60853">60853</a>: Expose the <code>SSLHostConfig</code> and
+        <code>SSLHostConfigCertificate</code> objects via JMX. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60876">60876</a>: Ensure that <code>Set-Cookie</code> headers generated
+        by the <code>Rfc6265CookieProcessor</code> are aligned with the
+        specification. Patch provided by Jim Griswold. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60882">60882</a>: Fix a <code>NullPointerException</code> when obtaining
+        a <code>RequestDispatcher</code> for a request that will not have any
+        pathInfo associated with it. This was a regression in the changes in
+        9.0.0.M18 for the Servlet 4.0 API changes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Align <code>PushBuilder</code> API with changes from the Servlet expert
+        group. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Align web.xml parsing rules with changes from the Servlet expert group
+        for <code>&lt;request-character-encoding&gt;</code> and
+        <code>&lt;response-character-encoding&gt;</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the various implementations of X to comma separated list to a
+        single utility class and update the code to use the new utility class.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60911">60911</a>: Ensure NPE will not be thrown when looking for SSL
+        session ID. Based on a patch by Didier Gutacker. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M19_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add async based IO groundwork for HTTP/2. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix HTTP/2 incorrect input unblocking on EOF. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Close the connection sooner if an event occurs for a current connection
+        that is not consistent with the current state of that connection.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Speed up shutdown when using multiple acceptor threads by ensuring that
+        the code that unlocks the acceptor threads correctly handles the case
+        where there are multiple threads. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60851">60851</a>: Add <code>application/xml</code> and
+        <code>application/json</code> to the default list of compressible MIME
+        types. Patch by Michael Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60852">60852</a>: Correctly spell compressible when used in
+        configuration attributes and internal code. Based on a patch by Michael
+        Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60900">60900</a>: Avoid a <code>NullPointerException</code> in the APR
+        Poller if a connection is closed at the same time as new data arrives on
+        that connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve HPACK specification compliance by fixing some test failures
+        reported by the h2spec tool written by Moto Ishizawa. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve HTTP/2 specification compliance by fixing some test failures
+        reported by the h2spec tool written by Moto Ishizawa. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60918">60918</a>: Fix sendfile processing error that could lead to
+        subsequent requests experiencing an <code>IllegalStateException</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve sendfile handling when requests are pipelined. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M19_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60844">60844</a>: Correctly handle the error when fewer parameter values
+        than required by the method are used to invoke an EL method expression.
+        Patch provided by Daniel Gray. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M19_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60764">60764</a>: Implement <code>equals()</code> and
+        <code>hashCode()</code> in the <code>StatementFacade</code> in order to
+        enable these methods to be called on the closed statements if any
+        statement proxy is set. This behavior can be changed with
+        <code>useStatementFacade</code> attribute. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M19_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the build script and the NSIS installer script so that either
+        NSIS 2.x or NSIS 3.x can be used to build the installer. This is
+        primarily to re-enable building the installer on the Linux based CI
+        system where the combination of NSIS 3.x and wine leads to failed
+        installer builds. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-03-13</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M18 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60469">60469</a>: Refactor <code>RealmBase</code> for better code re-use
+        when implementing Realms that use a custom <code>Principal</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60490">60490</a>: Various formatting and layout improvements for the
+        <code>ErrorReportValve</code>. Patch provided by Michael Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60573">60573</a>: Remove the reason phrase when sending a
+        <code>100</code> response status for consistency with other response
+        status lines. Patch provided by Michael Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60596">60596</a>: Improve performance of DefaultServlet when sendfile
+        feature is disabled on connector. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Make it easier for sub-classes of <code>Tomcat</code> to modify the
+        default web.xml settings by over-riding
+        <code>getDefaultWebXmlListener()</code>. Patch provided by Aaron
+        Anderson. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Reduce the contention in the default <code>InstanceManager</code>
+        implementation when multiple threads are managing objects and need to
+        reference the annotation cache. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60623">60623</a>: When startStopThreads is 1 (or a special value that
+        is equivalent to 1) then rather than using an
+        <code>ExecutorService</code> to start the children of the current
+        component, the children will be started on the current thread. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60674">60674</a>: Remove <code>final</code> marker from
+        <code>CorsFilter</code> to enable sub-classing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60683">60683</a>: Security manager failure causing NPEs when doing IO
+        on some JVMs. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60688">60688</a>: Update the internal fork of Apache Commons BCEL to
+        r1782855 to add early access Java 9 support to the annotation scanning
+        code. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60694">60694</a>: Prevent NPE during authentication when no JASPIC
+        <code>AuthConfigFactory</code> is available. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60697">60697</a>: When HTTP TRACE requests are disabled on the
+        Connector, ensure that the HTTP OPTIONS response from custom servlets
+        does not include TRACE in the returned Allow header. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60718">60718</a>: Improve error handling for asynchronous processing and
+        correct a number of cases where the <code>requestDestroyed()</code>
+        event was not being fired and an entry wasn't being made in the access
+        logs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60720">60720</a>: Replace "WWW-Authenticate" literal with static final
+        AUTH_HEADER_NAME in SpnegoAuthenticator. Patch provided by Michael
+        Osipov. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The default JASPIC <code>AuthConfigFactory</code> now correctly notifies
+        registered <code>RegistrationListener</code>s when a new
+        <code>AuthConfigProvider</code> is registered. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Improve the performance of <code>AuthenticatorBase</code> when there is
+        no JASPIC configuration available. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When HTTP TRACE requests are disabled on the Connector, ensure that the
+        HTTP OPTIONS response from the WebDAV servlet does not include
+        TRACE in the returned Allow header. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60722">60722</a>: Take account of the
+        <strong>dispatchersUseEncodedPaths</strong> setting on the current
+        <strong>Context</strong> when generating paths for dispatches triggered
+        by <code>AsyncContext.dispatch()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60728">60728</a>: Make the separator Tomcat uses in the Tomcat specific
+        <code>war:file:...</code> URL protocol customizable via a system
+        property. The separator is equivalent to the use of the <code>!</code>
+        character in <code>jar:file:...</code> URLs. The default separator of
+        <code>*</code> remains unchanged. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the Servlet 4.0 API implementation to align with the latest
+        proposals from the Servlet 4.0 expert group. This includes updates to
+        the new Servlet mapping API, new methods on the
+        <code>ServletContext</code> to make the available API more equivalent to
+        the deployment descriptor, updates to the HTTP push API and the ability
+        to set default request and response character encoding per web
+        application. Note that the Servlet 4.0 API is still a work in progress
+        and further changes are likely. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60798">60798</a>: Correct a bug in the handling of JARs in unpacked WARs
+        that meant multiple attempts to read the same entry from a JAR in
+        succession would fail for the second and subsequent attempts. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60808">60808</a>: Ensure that the <code>Map</code> returned by
+        <code>ServletRequest.getParameterMap()</code> is fully immutable. Based
+        on a patch provided by woosan. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60824">60824</a>: Correctly cache the <code>Subject</code> in the
+        session - if there is a session - when running under a
+        <code>SecurityManager</code>. Patch provided by Jan Engehausen. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure request and response facades are used when firing application
+        listeners. (markt/remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of case when an HTTP/2 client sends more data that is
+        subject to flow control than the current window size allows. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve NIO2 look-ahead parsing of TLS client hello for SNI with large
+        client hello messages. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Enable ALPN and also, therefore, HTTP/2 for the NIO and NIO2 HTTP
+        connectors when using the JSSE implementation for TLS when running on
+        Java 9. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Restore Java 9 direct byte buffer compatibility. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59807">59807</a>: Provide a better error message when there is no
+        <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> defined with a <code>hostName</code> that
+        matches the <code>defaultSSLHostConfigName</code> for the associated
+        <strong>Connector</strong>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60627">60627</a>: Modify the <code>Rfc6265CookieProcessor</code> so that
+        in addition to cookie headers that start with an explicit RFC 2109
+        <code>$Version=1</code>, cookies that start with <code>$Version=0</code>
+        are also parsed as RFC 2109 cookies. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Include the value of <code>SslHostConfig.truststoreAlgorithm</code> when
+        warning that the algorithm does not support the
+        <code>certificateVerificationDepth</code> configuration option. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that executor thread pools used with connectors pre-start the
+        configured minimum number of idle threads. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60716">60716</a>: Add a new JSSE specific attribute,
+        <code>revocationEnabled</code>, to <code>SSLHostConfig</code> to permit
+        JSSE provider revocation checks to be enabled when no
+        <code>certificateRevocationListFile</code> has been configured. The
+        expectation is that configuration will be performed via a JSSE provider
+        specific mechanisms. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Modify the cookie header generated by the
+        <code>Rfc6265CookieProcessor</code> so it always sends an
+        <code>Expires</code> attribute as well as a <code>Max-Age</code>
+        attribute to avoid problems with Microsoft browsers that do not support
+        the <code>Max-Age</code> attribute. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60761">60761</a>: Expose a protected getter and setter for
+        <code>NioEndpoint.stopLatch</code> to make the class easier to extend.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Prevent blocking reads after a stream exception occurs with HTTP/2.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Follow up to the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58178">58178</a>. When creating the
+        <code>ELContext</code> for a tag file, ensure that any registered
+        <code>ELContextListener</code>s are fired. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor code generated for JSPs to reduce the size of the code required
+        for tags. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the error handling for simple tags to ensure that the tag is
+        released and destroyed once used. (remm, violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60769">60769</a>: Correct a regression in the XML encoding detection
+        refactoring carried out for 9.0.0.M16 that incorrectly always used the
+        detected BOM encoding in preference to any encoding specified in the
+        prolog. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make the <code>accessTimeout</code> configurable in
+        <code>BackupManager</code> and <code>ClusterSingleSignOn</code>. The
+        <code>accessTimeout</code> is used as a timeout period for PING in
+        replication map. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60806">60806</a>: To avoid <code>ClassNotFoundException</code>, make
+        sure that the web application class loader is passed to
+        <code>ReplicatedContext</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60617">60617</a>: Correctly create a <code>CONNECT</code> request when
+        establishing a WebSocket connection via a proxy. Patch provided by
+        Svetlin Zarev. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add log message that PING message has received beyond the timeout
+        period. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When a PING message that beyond the time-out period has been received,
+        make sure that valid member is added to the map membership. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that <code>NoRpcChannelReply</code> messages are not received on
+        <code>RpcCallback</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)/Web_Applications">Web Applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add Specification and Javadoc references for JASPIC to the Docs
+        application. (csutherl)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M18_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Spelling corrections provided by Josh Soref. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove local definition of web service annotations since these are
+        provided by the JRE. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.12 to
+        pick up the latest Windows binaries built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60784">60784</a>: Update all unit tests that test the HTTP status line
+        to check for the required space after the status code. Patch provided by
+        Michael Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M17_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2017-01-16</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M17 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M17_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60620">60620</a>:
+        Extend the <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code> to provide
+        protection against <code>ForkJoinPool.commonPool()</code> related memory
+        leaks. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M17_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure UpgradeProcessor instances associated with closed connections are
+        removed from the map of current connections to Processors. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove a workaround for a problem previously reported with WebSocket,
+        TLS and APR that treated some error conditions as not errors. The
+        original problem cannot be reproduced with the current code and the
+        work-around is now causing problems. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M17_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60497">60497</a>: Follow up fix using a better variable name for the
+        tag reuse flag. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Revert use of try/finally for simple tags. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M17_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Prevent potential processing loop on unexpected WebSocket connection
+        closure. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M17_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Enable reset the statistics without restarting the pool. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M17_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the NSIS Installer used to build the Windows installer to version
+        3.01. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Spelling corrections provided by Josh Soref. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M16_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M16 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M16_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53602">53602</a>: Add HTTP status code 451 (RFC 7725) to the list of
+        HTTP status codes recognised by the ErrorReportValve. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60446">60446</a>: Handle the case where the stored user credential uses
+        a different key length than the length currently configured for the
+        <code>CredentialHandler</code>. Based on a patch by Niklas Holm. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the warnings that reference required options for running on Java
+        9 to use the latest syntax for those options. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60513">60513</a>: Fix thread safety issue with RMI cleanup code. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M16_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Expand the search process for a server certificate when OpenSSL is used
+        with a JSSE connector and an explicit alias has not been configured.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Extract the common Acceptor code from each Endpoint into a new Acceptor
+        class that is used by all Endpoints. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60450">60450</a>: Improve the selection algorithm for the default trust
+        store type for a TLS Virtual Host. In particular, don't use
+        <code>PKCS12</code> as a default trust store type. Better document how
+        the default trust store type is selected for a TLS virtual host. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60451">60451</a>: Correctly handle HTTP/2 header values that contain
+        characters with unicode code points in the range 128 to 255. Reject
+        with a clear error message HTTP/2 header values that contain characters
+        with unicode code points above 255. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the logic that selects an address to use to unlock the Acceptor
+        to take account of platforms what do not listen on all local addresses
+        when configured with an address of <code>0.0.0.0</code> or
+        <code>::</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the refactoring to make wider use of
+        <code>ByteBuffer</code> that caused an intermittent failure in the unit
+        tests. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60482">60482</a>: HTTP/2 shouldn't do URL decoding on the query string.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix an HTTP/2 compression error. Once a new size has been agreed for the
+        dynamic HPACK table, the next header block must begin with a dynamic
+        table update. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60508">60508</a>: Set request start time for HTTP/2. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        The default output buffer size for AJP connectors is now based on the
+        configured AJP packet size rather than the minimum permitted AJP packet
+        size. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M16_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Implement a simpler JSP file encoding detector that delegates XML prolog
+        encoding detection to the JRE rather than using a custom XML parser.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60497">60497</a>: Restore previous tag reuse behavior following the use
+        of try/finally. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the error handling for simple tags to ensure that the tag is
+        released and destroyed once used. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M16_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly handle blocking WebSocket writes when the write times out just
+        before the write is attempted. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M16_(markt)/Web_Applications">Web Applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60344">60344</a>: Add a note to BUILDING.txt regarding using the source
+        bundle with the correct line endings. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60467">60467</a>: remove problematic characters from XML documentation.
+        Based upon a patch by Michael Osipov. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        In the documentation web application, be explicit that clustering
+        requires a secure network for all of the cluster network traffic.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the ASF logos to the new versions.
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60468">60468</a>: Correct the format of the sample ISO-8601 date used
+        to report the build date for the documentation. Patch provided by
+        Michael Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M16_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the ASF logos used in the Apache Tomcat installer for Windows to
+        use the new versions.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M15_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-12-08</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M15 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M15_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Increment version due a local build configuration error with 9.0.0.M14
+        that wasn't caught until after digital signing had been completed
+        Signing requires unique names so a new tag was required. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M14 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60202">60202</a>: Add an available flag to realms, to indicate the
+        state, or the realm backend. Update lockout realm to only register
+        auth failures if the realm is available. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60340">60340</a>: Readability improvements for CSS used in
+        DefaultServlet and ErrorReportValve. Patch provided by Michael
+        Osipov. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60351">60351</a>: Delay creating <code>META-INF/war-tracker</code> file
+        until after the WAR has been expanded to address the case where the
+        Tomcat process terminates during the expansion. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly generate URLs for resources located inside JARs that are
+        themselves located inside a packed WAR file. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly handle the <code>configClass</code> attribute of a Host when
+        embedding Tomcat. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60368">60368</a>: Stop creating a default connector on start in
+        embedded mode. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60379">60379</a>: Dispose of the GSS credential once it is no longer
+        required. Patch provided by Michael Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60380">60380</a>: Ensure that a call to
+        <code>HttpServletRequest#logout()</code> triggers a call to
+        <code>TomcatPrincipal#logout()</code>. Based on a patch by Michael
+        Osipov. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60381">60381</a>: Provide a standard <code>toString()</code>
+        implementation for components that implement <code>Contained</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60387">60387</a>: Correct the javadoc for
+        <code>o.a.catalina.AccessLog.setRequestAttributesEnabled</code>.
+        The default value is different for the different implementations.
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60393">60393</a>: Use consistent parameter naming in implementations of
+        <code>Realm#authenticate(GSSContext, boolean)</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the <code>org.apache.naming</code> package to reduce duplicate
+        code. Duplicate code identified by the Simian tool. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the implementations of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest#getRequestURL()</code> to reduce duplicate
+        code. Duplicate code identified by the Simian tool. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor Catalina interfaces to make wider use of the
+        <code>Contained</code> interface and reduce duplication. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove the <code>getName()</code> method from <code>RealmBase</code>
+        along with the various constants used by the sub-classes to store the
+        return value. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60395">60395</a>: Log when an <code>Authenticator</code> passes an
+        incomplete <code>GSSContext</code> to a Realm since it indicates a bug
+        in the <code>Authenticator</code>. Patch provided by Michael Osipov.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60400">60400</a>: When expanding the buffer used for reading the
+        request body, ensure the read position will be restored to the
+        original one. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the MBean implementations for the internal Tomcat components
+        to reduce code duplication. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60410">60410</a>: Ensure that multiple calls to
+        <code>JarInputStreamWrapper#close()</code> do not incorrectly trigger
+        the closure of the underlying JAR or WAR file. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60411">60411</a>: Implement support in the <code>RewriteValve</code> for
+        symbolic names to specify the redirect code to use when returning a
+        redirect response to the user agent. Patch provided by Michael Osipov.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60413">60413</a>: In the <code>RewriteValve</code> write empty capture
+        groups as the empty string rather than as <code>"null"</code>
+        when generating the re-written URL. Based on a patch by Michael Osipov.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60372">60372</a>: Ensure the response headers' buffer limit is reset to
+        the capacity of this buffer when IOException occurs while writing the
+        headers to the socket. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the availability of configured upgrade protocols that
+        require ALPN is correctly reported during Tomcat start. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60386">60386</a>: Implement a more sophisticated pruning algorithm for
+        removing closed streams from the priority tree to ensure that the tree
+        does not grow too large. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60409">60409</a>: When unable to complete sendfile request, ensure the
+        Processor will be added to the cache only once. (markt/violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the endpoint is able to unlock the acceptor thread during
+        shutdown if the endpoint is configured to listen to any local address
+        of a specific type such as <code>0.0.0.0</code> or <code>::</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a new configuration option, <code>ipv6v6only</code> to the APR
+        connectors that allows them to be configure to only accept IPv6
+        connections when configured with an IPv6 address rather than the
+        default which is to accept IPv4 connections as well if the operating
+        system uses a dual network stack. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the logic that unlocks the acceptor thread so a better choice is
+        made for the address to connect to when a connector is configured for
+        any local port. This reduces the likelihood of the unlock failing.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60436">60436</a>: Avoid a potential NPE when processing async timeouts.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Reduce the window in which an async request that has just started
+        processing on a container thread remains eligible for an async timeout.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60431">60431</a>: Improve handling of varargs in UEL expressions. Based
+        on a patch by Ben Wolfe. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a typo in Host Configuration Reference.
+        Issue reported via comments.apache.org. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60412">60412</a>: Add information on the comment syntax for the
+        <code>RewriteValve</code> configuration. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Reduce the warning logs for a message received from a different domain
+        in order to avoid excessive log outputs. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60437">60437</a>: Avoid possible handshake overflows in the websocket
+        client. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58816">58816</a>: Implement the statistics of jdbc-pool. The stats infos
+        are <code>borrowedCount</code>, <code>returnedCount</code>,
+        <code>createdCount</code>, <code>releasedCount</code>,
+        <code>reconnectedCount</code>, <code>releasedIdleCount</code> and
+        <code>removeAbandonedCount</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60194">60194</a>: If <code>validationQuery</code> is not specified,
+        connection validation is done by calling the <code>isValid()</code>
+        method. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60398">60398</a>: Fix testcase of <code>TestSlowQueryReport</code>.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M14_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Allow customization of service.bat, such as heap memory size, service
+        startup mode and JVM args. Patch provided by isapir via Github.
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60366">60366</a>: Change <code>catalina.bat</code> to use directly
+        <code>LOGGING_MANAGER</code> and <code>LOGGING_CONFIG</code> variables
+        in order to configure logging, instead of modifying
+        <code>JAVA_OPTS</code>. Patch provided by Petter Isberg. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60383">60383</a>: JASPIC API is added as a dependency to the
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina</code> maven artifact.
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the comments associated with the TLS Connector examples in
+        <code>server.xml</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        New property is added <code>test.verbose</code> in order to control
+        whether the output of the tests is displayed on the console or not.
+        Patch provided by Emmanuel Bourg. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        <code>TestOpenSSLCipherConfigurationParser.testSpecification</code>
+        - if there are test failures, provide more detailed information. Patch
+        provided by Emmanuel Bourg. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M13_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-11-08</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M13 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M13_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Check that threadPriority values used in AbstractProtocol are valid.
+        (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M12_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M12 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M12_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When creating a new Connector via JMX, ensure that both HTTP/1.1 and
+        AJP/1.3 connectors can be created. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Reduce multiple error messages when Connector fails to instantiate the
+        associated ProtocolHandler. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60152">60152</a>: Provide an option for Connector Lifecycle exceptions
+        to be re-thrown rather than logged. This is controlled by the new
+        <code>throwOnFailure</code> attribute of the Connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Include the Context name in the log message when an item cannot be
+        added to the cache. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Exclude JAR files in <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> from the static resource
+        cache. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When calling <code>getResourceAsStream()</code> on a directory, ensure
+        that <code>null</code> is returned. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60161">60161</a>: Allow creating subcategories of the container logger,
+        and use it for the rewrite valve. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly test for control characters when reading the provided shutdown
+        password. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60297">60297</a>: Simplify connector creation in embedded mode. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor creation of containers in embedded mode for more consistency
+        and flexibility. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Log a warning if running on Java 9 with the ThreadLocal memory leak
+        detection enabled (the default) but without the command line option it
+        now requires. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When a Connector is configured to use an executor, ensure that the
+        StoreConfig component includes the executor name when writing the
+        Connector configuration. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When configuring the JMX remote listener, specify the allowed types for
+        the credentials. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M12_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the HPACK header table size configuration that transposed the
+        client and server table sizes when creating the encoder and decoder.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Review HTTP/2 implementation removing unused code, reducing visibility
+        where possible and using final where appropriate. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Don't continue to process an HTTP/2 stream if it is reset during header
+        parsing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        HTTP/2 uses separate headers for each Cookie. As required by RFC 7540,
+        merge these into a single Cookie header before processing continues.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Align the HTTP/2 implementation with the HTTP/1.1 implementation and
+        return a 500 response when an unhandled exception occurs during request
+        processing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the HTTP header parser so that DEL is not treated as a valid
+        token character. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add checks around the handling of HTTP/2 pseudo headers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for trailer headers to the HTTP/2 implementation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60232">60232</a>: When processing headers for an HTTP/2 stream, ensure
+        that the read buffer is large enough for the header being processed.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add configuration options to the HTTP/2 implementation to control the
+        maximum number of headers allowed, the maximum size of headers allowed,
+        the maximum number of trailer headers allowed, the maximum size of
+        trailer headers allowed and the maximum number of cookies allowed.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly differentiate between sending and receiving a reset frame when
+        tracking the state of an HTTP/2 stream. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove the undocumented support for using the old Connector attribute
+        names <code>backlog</code>, <code>soLinger</code> and
+        <code>soTimeout</code> that were renamed several major versions ago.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60319">60319</a>: When using an Executor, disconnect it from the
+        Connector attributes <code>maxThreads</code>,
+        <code>minSpareThreads</code> and <code>threadPriority</code> to enable
+        the configuration settings to be consistently reported. These Connector
+        attributes will be reported as <code>-1</code> when an Executor is in
+        use. The values used by the executor may be set and obtained via the
+        Executor. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        If an I/O error occurs during async processing on a non-container
+        thread, ensure that the <code>onError()</code> event is triggered.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve detection of I/O errors during async processing on non-container
+        threads and trigger async error handling when they are detected. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add additional checks for valid characters to the HTTP request line
+        parsing so invalid request lines are rejected sooner. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M12_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT Compiler 4.6.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M12_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add HTTP/2 configuration information to the documentation web
+        application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix default value of <code>validationInterval</code> attribute in
+        jdbc-pool. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a typo in CGI How-To.
+        Issue reported via comments.apache.org. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M12_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When the proxy node sends a backup retrieve message, ensure that using
+        the <code>channelSendOptions</code> that has been set rather than the
+        default <code>channelSendOptions</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M12_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add the JASPIC API jar to the Maven Central publication script. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove classes from tomcat-util-scan.jar that are duplicates of those in
+        tomcat-util.jar. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Update the NSIS Installer used to build the Windows installer to version
+        3.0. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M11_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-10-10</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M11 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M11_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59961">59961</a>: Add an option to the <code>StandardJarScanner</code>
+        to control whether or not JAR Manifests are scanned for additional
+        class path entries. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60013">60013</a>: Refactor the previous fix to align the behaviour of
+        the Rewrite Valve with mod_rewrite. As part of this, provide an
+        implementation for the <code>B</code> and <code>NE</code> flags and
+        improve the handling for the <code>QSA</code> flag. Includes multiple
+        test cases by Santhana Preethiand a patch by Tiago Oliveira. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60087">60087</a>: Refactor the web resources handling to use the Tomcat
+        specific <code>war:file:...</code> URL protocol to refer to WAR files
+        and their contents rather than the standard <code>jar:file:...</code>
+        form since some components of the JRE, such as JAR verification, give
+        unexpected results when the standard form is used. A side-effect of the
+        refactoring is that when using packed WARs, it is now possible to
+        reference a WAR and/or specific JARs within a WAR in the security policy
+        file used when running under a <code>SecurityManager</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60116">60116</a>: Fix a problem with the rewrite valve that caused back
+        references evaluated in conditions to be forced to lower case when using
+        the <code>NC</code> flag. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure <code>Digester.useContextClassLoader</code> is considered in
+        case the class loader is used. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60117">60117</a>: Ensure that the name of <code>LogLevel</code> is
+        localized when using <code>OneLineFormatter</code>. Patch provided by
+        Tatsuya Bessho. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60138">60138</a>: Fix the <code>SSLHostConfig</code> so that the
+        <code>protocols</code> attribute is limited to the protocols supported
+        by the current JSSE implementation rather than the default protocols
+        used by the implementation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60146">60146</a>: Improve performance for resource retrieval by making
+        calls to WebResource.getInputStream() trigger caching if the resource is
+        small enough. Patch provided by mohitchugh. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60151">60151</a>: Improve the exception error messages when a
+        <code>ResourceLink</code> fails to specify the type, specifies an
+        unknown type or specifies the wrong type. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60167">60167</a>: Ignore empty lines in <code>/etc/passwd</code> files
+        when using the <code>PasswdUserDatabase</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60170">60170</a>: Exclude the compressed test file
+        <code>index.html.br</code> from RAT analysis. Patch provided by Gavin
+        McDonald. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When starting web resources, ensure that class resources are only
+        started once. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the access checks for linked global resources to handle the case
+        where the current class loader is a child of the web application class
+        loader. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60196">60196</a>: Ensure that the <code>isMandatory</code> flag is
+        correctly set when using JASPIC authentication. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60199">60199</a>: Log a warning if deserialization issues prevent a
+        session attribute from being loaded. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60208">60208</a>: When using RFC6265 compliant cookies, the
+        <code>/</code> character should not be allowed in a cookie name since
+        the RFC6265 will drop such cookies as invalid. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Introduce new methods <code>read(ByteBuffer)</code>/
+        <code>write(ByteBuffer)</code> in
+        <code>o.a.catalina.connector.CoyoteInputStream</code>/
+        <code>o.a.catalina.connector.CoyoteOutputStream</code>. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M11_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Refactor the code that implements the requirement that a call to
+        <code>complete()</code> or <code>dispatch()</code> made from a
+        non-container thread before the container initiated thread that called
+        <code>startAsync()</code> completes must be delayed until the container
+        initiated thread has completed. Rather than implementing this by
+        blocking the non-container thread, extend the internal state machine to
+        track this. This removes the possibility that blocking the non-container
+        thread could trigger a deadlock. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fail earlier if the client closes the connection during SNI processing.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60123">60123</a>: Avoid potential threading issues that could cause
+        excessively large values to be returned for the processing time of
+        a current request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60174">60174</a>: Log instances of <code>HeadersTooLargeException</code>
+        during request processing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60173">60173</a>: Allow up to 64kB HTTP/2 header table size limit. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Java 9 compatibility of direct ByteBuffer cleaner. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M11_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60101">60101</a>: Remove preloading of the class that was deleted.
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M11_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Expand the documentation for the nested elements within a
+        <code>Resources</code> element to clarify the behaviour of different
+        configuration options with respect to the order in which resources are
+        searched. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add an example of using the <code>classesToInitialize</code> attribute
+        of the <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code> to the documentation
+        web application. Based on a patch by Cris Berneburg. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60192">60192</a>: Correct a typo in the status output of the Manager
+        application. Patch provided by  Radhakrishna Pemmasani. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M11_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Notify jmx when returning the connection that has been marked suspect.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the <code>POOL_EMPTY</code> notification has been added to
+        the jmx notification types. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60099">60099</a>: Ensure that use all method arguments as a cache key
+        when using <code>StatementCache</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M11_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update the download location for Objenesis. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60164">60164</a>: Replace <code>log4j-core*.jar</code> with
+        <code>log4j-web*.jar</code> since it is <code>log4j-web*.jar</code> that
+        contains the <code>ServletContainerInitializer</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add documentation to the bin/catalina.bat script to remind users that
+        environment variables don't affect the configuration of Tomcat when
+        run as a Windows Service. Based upon a documentation patch by
+        James H.H. Lampert. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.10 to
+        pick up the latest Windows binaries built with OpenSSL 1.0.2j. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M10_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-09-05</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M10 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M10_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59813">59813</a>: Ensure that circular relations of the Class-Path
+        attribute from JAR manifests will be processed correctly. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that reading the <code>singleThreadModel</code> attribute of a
+        <code>StandardWrapper</code> via JMX does not trigger initialisation of
+        the associated servlet. With some frameworks this can trigger an
+        unexpected initialisation thread and if initialisation is not thread-safe
+        the initialisation can then fail. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Compatibility with rewrite from httpd for non existing headers.
+        (jfclere)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        By default, treat paths used to obtain a request dispatcher as encoded.
+        This behaviour can be changed per web application via the
+        <code>dispatchersUseEncodedPaths</code> attribute of the Context.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Provide a mechanism that enables the container to check if a component
+        (typically a web application) has been granted a given permission when
+        running under a SecurityManager without the current execution stack
+        having to have passed through the component. Use this new mechanism to
+        extend SecurityManager protection to the system property replacement
+        feature of the digester. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When retrieving an object via a <code>ResourceLink</code>, ensure that
+        the object obtained is of the expected type. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59823">59823</a>: Ensure that JASPIC configuration is taken into account
+        when calling <code>HttpServletRequest.authenticate()</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59824">59824</a>: Mark the <code>RewriteValve</code> as supporting async
+        processing by default. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59839">59839</a>: Apply <code>roleSearchAsUser</code> to all nested
+        searches in JNDIRealm. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59859">59859</a>: Fix resource leak in WebDAV servlet. Based on patch by
+        Coty Sutherland. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59862">59862</a>: Allow nested jar files scanning to be filtered with
+        the system property
+        <code>tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToSkip</code>. Patch
+        is provided by Terence Bandoian. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59866">59866</a>: When scanning <code>WEB-INF/classes</code> for
+        annotations, don't scan the contents of
+        <code>WEB-INF/classes/META-INF</code> (if present) since classes will
+        never be loaded from that location. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59888">59888</a>: Correctly handle tabs and spaces in quoted version one
+        cookies when using the <code>Rfc6265CookieProcessor</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        A number of the JRE memory leaks addressed by the
+        <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code> have been fixed in Java 9
+        so the associated protection is now disabled when running on Java 9
+        onwards. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59912">59912</a>: Fix an edge case in input stream handling where an
+        <code>IOException</code> could be thrown when reading a POST body.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59913">59913</a>: Correct a regression introduced with the support for
+        the Servlet 4 <code>HttpServletRequest.getMapping()</code> API that
+        caused the attributes for forwarded requests to be lost if requested
+        from within a subsequent include. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59966">59966</a>: Do not start the web application if the error page
+        configuration in web.xml is invalid. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Switch the CGI servlet to the standard logging mechanism and remove
+        support for the debug attribute. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60012">60012</a>: Improvements in the log messages. Based on
+        suggestions by Nemo Chen. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Changes to the <code>allowLinking</code> attribute of a
+        <code>StandardRoot</code> instance now invalidate the cache if caching
+        is enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a new initialisation parameter, <code>envHttpHeaders</code>, to
+        the CGI Servlet to mitigate <a href="https://httpoxy.org">httpoxy</a>
+        (<a href="https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2016-5388">CVE-2016-5388</a>) by default and to provide a mechanism that can be
+        used to mitigate any future, similar issues. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When adding and removing <code>ResourceLink</code>s dynamically, ensure
+        that the global resource is only visible via the
+        <code>ResourceLinkFactory</code> when it is meant to be. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60008">60008</a>: When processing CORs requests, treat any origin with a
+        URI scheme of <code>file</code> as a valid origin. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of exceptions during a Lifecycle events triggered by a
+        state transition. The exception is now caught and the component is now
+        placed into the <code>FAILED</code> state. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60013">60013</a>: Fix encoding issues when using the RewriteValve with
+        UTF-8 query strings or UTF-8 redirect URLs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60022">60022</a>: Improve handling when a WAR file and/or the associated
+        exploded directory are symlinked into the <code>appBase</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a file descriptor leak when reading the global web.xml. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Consistently decode URL patterns provided via web.xml using the encoding
+        of the web.xml file where specified or UTF-8 where no explicit encoding
+        is specified. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make timing attacks against the Realm implementations harder. (schultz)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M10_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in refactoring to enable injection of custom
+        keystores that broke the automatic conversion of OpenSSL style PEM
+        key and certificate files for use with JSSE TLS connectors. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59910">59910</a>: Don't hardcode key alias value to "tomcat" for JSSE.
+        When using a keystore, OpenSSL will still default to it. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59904">59904</a>: Add a limit (default 200) for the number of cookies
+        allowed per request. Based on a patch by gehui. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59925">59925</a>: Correct regression in r1628368 and ensure that HTTP
+        separators are handled as configured in the
+        <code>LegacyCookieProcessor</code>. Patch provided by Kyohei Nakamura.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59950">59950</a>: Correct log message when reporting that the current
+        number of HTTP/2 streams for a connection could not be pruned to below
+        the limit. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that <code>Semaphore.release</code> is called in all cases. Even
+        when there is an exception. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60030">60030</a>: Correct a potential infinite loop in the SNI parsing
+        code triggered by failing to handle an end of stream condition. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the JSSE client certificate validation so that the
+        effectiveness of the <code>certificateVerificationDepth</code>
+        configuration attribute does not depend on the presence of a certificate
+        revocation list. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Small logging optimization in the <code>Rfc6265CookieProcessor</code>.
+        Patch provided by Svetlin Zarev. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        OpenSSL now disables 3DES by default so reflect this when using OpenSSL
+        syntax to select ciphers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use the proper ERROR socket status code for async errors with NIO2.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60035">60035</a>: Fix a potential connection leak if the client drops a
+        TLS connection before the handshake completes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Log a warning at start up if a JSSE TLS connector is configured with
+        a trusted certificate that is either not yet valid or has expired.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M10_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When writing out a full web.xml file with JspC ensure that the encoding
+        used in the XML prolog matches the encoding used to write the contents
+        of the file. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve the error handling for custom tags to ensure that the tag is
+        returned to the pool or released and destroyed once used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60032">60032</a>: Fix handling of method calls that use varargs within
+        EL value expressions. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ignore <code>engineOptionsClass</code> and <code>scratchdir</code> when
+        running under a security manager. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fixed StringIndexOutOfBoundsException. Based on a patch provided by
+        wuwen via Github. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M10_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59908">59908</a>: Ensure that a reason phrase is included in the close
+        message if a session is closed due to a timeout. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M10_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59867">59867</a>: Correct the documentation provided by Manager's
+        403.jsp. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59868">59868</a>: Clarify the documentation for the Manager web
+        application to make clearer that the host name and IP address in the
+        server section are the primary host name and IP address. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59940">59940</a>: Correct the name of the
+        <code>truststorePassword</code> attribute of the
+        <code>SSLHostConfig</code> element in the configuration documentation.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        MBeans Descriptors How-To is moved to
+        <code>mbeans-descriptors-howto.html</code>. Patch provided by Radoslav
+        Husar. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update NIO Connector configuration documentation with an information
+        about <code>socket.directSslBuffer</code>. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60034">60034</a>: Correct a typo in the Manager How-To page of the
+        documentation web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the name of the CRL location configuration attributes in the
+        documentation web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M10_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        In order to avoid the unintended skip of <code>PoolCleaner</code>,
+        remove the check code of the execution interval in the task that has
+        been scheduled. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59850">59850</a>: Ensure that the <code>ResultSet</code> is closed when
+        enabling the <code>StatementCache</code> interceptor. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59923">59923</a>: Reduce the default value of
+        <code>validationInterval</code> in order to avoid the potential issue
+        that continues to return an invalid connection after database restart.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the <code>ResultSet</code> is returned as Proxy object when
+        enabling the <code>StatementDecoratorInterceptor</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60043">60043</a>: Ensure that the <code>suspectTimeout</code> works
+        without removing connection when the <code>removeAbandoned</code> is
+        disabled. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add log message of when returning the connection that has been marked
+        suspect. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct Javadoc for <code>ConnectionPool.suspect()</code>. Based on a
+        patch by Yahya Cahyadi. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M10_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59871">59871</a>: Add a property (<code>timeFormat</code>) to
+        JULI's <code>OneLineFormatter</code> to enable the format of the
+        time stamp used in log messages to be configured. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59899">59899</a>: Update Tomcat's copy of the Java Persistence
+        annotations to include the changes made in 2.1 / JavaEE 7. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fixed typos in mbeans-descriptors.xml files. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons BCEL to r1757132 to align with the
+        BCEL 6 release. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons DBCP 2 to r1757164 to pick up a
+        couple of bug fixes. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons Codec to r1757174. Code formatting
+        changes only. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons FileUpload to afdedc9. This pulls in
+        a fix to improve the performance with large multipart boundaries.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-07-12</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M9 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18500">18500</a>: Add limited support for wildcard host names and host
+        aliases. Names of the form <code>*.domainname</code> are now permitted.
+        Note that an exact host name match takes precedence over a wild card
+        host name match. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57705">57705</a>: Add debug logging for requests denied by the remote
+        host and remote address valves and filters. Based on a patch by Graham
+        Leggett. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58588">58588</a> that removed the
+        entire <code>org.apache.juli</code> package from the embedded JARs
+        rendering them unusable. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59399">59399</a>: Add a new option to the Realm implementations that
+        ship with Tomcat that allows the HTTP status code used for HTTP -&gt; HTTPS
+        redirects to be controlled per Realm. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59708">59708</a>: Modify the LockOutRealm logic. Valid authentication
+        attempts during the lock out period will no longer reset the lock out
+        timer to zero. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Change the default of the
+        <code>sessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash</code> attribute of the
+        <code>Context</code> element to <code>false</code> since the problems
+        caused when a Servlet is mapped to <code>/*</code> are more significant
+        than the security risk of not enabling this option by default. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Follow-up to <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59655">59655</a>. Improve the documentation for configuring
+        permitted cookie names. Patch provided by Kyohei Nakamura. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not attempt to start web resources during a web application's
+        initialisation phase since the web application is not fully configured
+        at that point and the web resources may not be correctly configured.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve error handling around user code prior to calling
+        <code>InstanceManager.destroy()</code> to ensure that the method is
+        executed. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a cause of multiple attempts to close the same socket. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor the certificate keystore and trust store generation to make it
+        easier for embedded users to inject their own key stores. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add a <code>maxConcurrentStreamExecution</code> on the HTTP/2
+        protocol handler to allow restricting the amount of concurrent stream
+        that are being executed in a single connection. The default is to
+        not limit it. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59233">59233</a>: Add the ability to add TLS virtual hosts dynamically.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a problem with <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code> for
+        secure HTTP/2 connections that meant an incorrect value was returned when
+        using the default port. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve error handling around user code prior to calling
+        <code>InstanceManager.destroy()</code> to ensure that the method is
+        executed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Document the default for the HTTP/2 configuration parameter
+        <code>maxConcurrentStreamExecution</code> as 20. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve error handling around user code prior to calling
+        <code>InstanceManager.destroy()</code> to ensure that the method is
+        executed. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Now the WebSocket implementation is not built directly on top of the
+        Servlet API and can use Tomcat internals, there is no need for the
+        dedicated WebSocket Executor. It has been replaced by the use of the
+        Connector/Endpoint provided Executor. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve error handling around user code prior to calling
+        <code>InstanceManager.destroy()</code> to ensure that the method is
+        executed. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)/Web_Applications">Web Applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not log an additional case of <code>IOException</code>s in the
+        error handler for the Drawboard WebSocket example when the root cause is
+        the client disconnecting since the logs add no value. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59642">59642</a>: Mention the <code>localDataSource</code> in the
+        <code>DataSourceRealm</code> section of the Realm How-To. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59672">59672</a>: Update the security considerations page of the
+        documentation web application to take account of the fact that the
+        Manager and HostManager applications now have a
+        <code>RemoteAddrValve</code> configured by default. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Follow-up to the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59399">59399</a>. Ensure that the new attribute
+        <code>transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code> is documented for all
+        <strong>Realm</strong>s. Also document the <code>NullRealm</code> and
+        when it is automatically created for an <strong>Engine</strong>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the description of <code>maxAge</code> attribute in jdbc-pool doc.
+        This attribute works both when a connection is returned and when a
+        connection is borrowed. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59774">59774</a>: Correct the <code>prefix</code> values in the
+        documented examples for configuring the <code>AccessLogValve</code>.
+        Patch provided by Mike Noordermeer. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add log message when the ping has timed-out. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        If the ping message has been received at the
+        <code>AbstractReplicatedMap#leftOver</code> method, ensure that notify
+        the member is alive than ignore it. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix the duplicated connection release when connection verification
+        failed. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that do not remove the abandoned connection that has been already
+        released. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M9_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove JULI plus log4j extras and embedded artifacts from Maven release
+        script. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Use the mirror network rather than the ASF master site to download the
+        current ASF dependencies. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.8 to
+        pick up the latest fixes and make 1.2.8 the minimum recommended version.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M8_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-06-13</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M8 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M8_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove accidentally committed debug code. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M7_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M7 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M7_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        RMI Target related memory leaks are avoidable which makes them an
+        application bug that needs to be fixed rather than a JRE bug to work
+        around. Therefore, start logging RMI Target related memory leaks on web
+        application stop. Add an option that controls if the check for these
+        leaks is made. Log a warning if running on Java 9 with this check
+        enabled but without the command line option it requires. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure NPE will not be thrown during deployment when scanning jar files
+        without MANIFEST.MF file. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove the <code>clearReferencesStatic</code> option from
+        <code>StandardContext</code>. It was known to cause problems with some
+        libraries (such as log4j) and was only linked to suspected memory leaks
+        rather than known memory leaks. It had been disabled by default with no
+        increase in the reports of memory leaks for some time. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59604">59604</a>: Correct the assumption made in the URL decoding that
+        the default platform encoding is always compatible with ISO-8859-1. This
+        assumption is not always valid, e.g. on z/OS. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59608">59608</a>: Skip over any invalid <code>Class-Path</code> attribute
+        from JAR manifests. Log errors at debug level due to many bad libraries.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix error message when failed to register MBean. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59655">59655</a>: Configure the cookie name validation to use RFC6265
+        rules by default to align it with the default cookie parser. Document
+        the impact system properties have on cookie name validation. (mark)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M7_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that requests with HTTP method names that are not tokens (as
+        required by RFC 7231) are rejected with a 400 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When an asynchronous request is processed by the AJP connector, ensure
+        that request processing has fully completed before starting the next
+        request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve handling of HTTP/2 stream resets. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58750">58750</a>: The HTTP Server header is no longer set by default. A
+        Server header may be configured by setting the <code>server</code>
+        attribute on the <code>Connector</code>. A new <code>Connector</code>
+        attribute, <code>serverRemoveAppProvidedValues</code> may be used to
+        remove any Server header set by a web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59564">59564</a>: Correct offset when reading into HTTP/2 input buffer
+        that could cause problems reading request bodies. (violetagg/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Modify the handling of read/write timeouts so that the appropriate error
+        handling (<code>ReadListener.onError()</code>,
+        <code>WriteListener.onError()</code> or
+        <code>AsyncListener.onError()</code>) is called. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+       If an async dispatch results in the completion of request processing,
+       ensure that any remaining request body is swallowed before starting the
+       processing of the next request else the remaining body may be read as the
+       start of the next request leading to a 400 response. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M7_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59567">59567</a>: Fix NPE scanning webapps for TLDs when an exploded
+        JAR has an empty WEB-INF/classes/META-INF folder. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a memory leak in the expression language implementation that caused
+        the class loader of the first web application to use expressions to be
+        pinned in memory. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59654">59654</a>: Improve error message when attempting to use a TLD
+        file from an invalid location. Patch provided by Huxing Zhang. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M7_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59659">59659</a>: Fix possible memory leak in WebSocket handling of
+        unexpected client disconnects. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M7_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58891">58891</a>: Update the SSL How-To. Based on a suggestion by
+        Alexander Kj&auml;ll. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Extras">Extras</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58588">58588</a>: Remove the JULI extras package from the distribution.
+        It was only useful for switching Tomcat's internal logging to log4j
+        1.2.x and that version of log4j is no longer supported. No additional
+        Tomcat code is required if switching Tomcat's internal logging to log
+        via log4j 2.x. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M7_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a memory leak with the pool cleaner thread that retained a reference
+        to the web application class loader for the first web application to use
+        a connection pool. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M7_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons DBCP 2 to r1743696 (2.1.1 plus
+        additional fixes). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons Pool 2 to r1743697 (2.4.2 plus
+        additional fixes). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons File Upload to r1743698 (1.3.1 plus
+        additional fixes). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Use UTF-8 with a standard prolog for all XML files. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58626">58626</a>: Add support for a new environment variable
+        (<code>USE_NOHUP</code>) that causes <code>nohup</code> to be used when
+        starting Tomcat. It is disabled by default except on HP-UX where it is
+        enabled by default since it is required when starting Tomcat at boot on
+        HP-UX. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M6_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-05-16</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M6 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M6_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that annotated web components packed in web fragments will be
+        processed when <code>unpackWARs</code> is enabled. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M5_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M5 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M5_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48922">48922</a>: Apply a very small performance improvement to the
+        date formatting in Tomcat's internal request object. Based on a patch
+        provided by Ondrej Medek. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59206">59206</a>: Ensure NPE will not be thrown by
+        <code>o.a.tomcat.util.file.ConfigFileLoader</code> when
+        <code>catalina.base</code> is not specified. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59217">59217</a>: Remove duplication in the recycling of the path in
+        <code>o.a.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie</code>. Patch is provided by
+        Kyohei Nakamura. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fixed possible NPE in
+        <code>o.a.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.getResourceAsStream</code>
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59213">59213</a>: Async dispatches should be based off a wrapped
+        request. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that <code>javax.servlet.ServletRequest</code> and
+        <code>javax.servlet.ServletResponse</code> provided during
+        <code>javax.servlet.AsyncListener</code> registration are made
+        available via <code>javax.servlet.AsyncEvent.getSuppliedRequest</code>
+        and <code>javax.servlet.AsyncEvent.getSuppliedResponse</code>
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59219">59219</a>: Ensure <code>AsyncListener.onError()</code> is called
+        if an <code>Exception</code> is thrown during async processing. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59220">59220</a>: Ensure that <code>AsyncListener.onComplete()</code> is
+        called if the async request times out and the response is already
+        committed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59226">59226</a>: Process the <code>Class-Path</code> attribute from
+        JAR manifests for JARs on the class path excluding JARs packaged in
+        <code>WEB-INF/lib</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59255">59255</a>: Fix possible NPE in mapper. (kkolinko/remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59256">59256</a>: <code>slf4j-taglib*.jar</code> should not be excluded
+        from the standard JAR scanning by default. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Clarify the log message that specifying both urlPatterns and value
+        attributes in @WebServlet and @WebFilter annotations is not allowed.
+        (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure the exceptions caused by Valves will be available in the log
+        files so that they can be evaluated when
+        <code>o.a.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.showReport</code> is
+        disabled. Patch is provided by Svetlin Zarev. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove unused <code>distributable</code> attribute that is defined as
+        <code>TransientAttribute</code> of <code>Manager</code> in StoreConfig.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix handling of Cluster Receiver in StoreConfig. The <code>bind</code>
+        and <code>host</code> attributes define as
+        <code>TransientAttribute</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59261">59261</a>: <code>ServletRequest.getAsyncContext()</code> now
+        throws an <code>IllegalStateException</code> as required by the Servlet
+        specification if the request is not in asynchronous mode when called.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59269">59269</a>: Correct the implementation of
+        <code>PersistentManagerBase</code> so that <code>minIdleSwap</code>
+        functions as designed and sessions are swapped out to keep the active
+        session count below <code>maxActiveSessions</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the implementation of the proposed Servlet 4.0 API to provide
+        mapping type information for the current request to reflect discussions
+        within the EG. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly configure the base path for a resources directory provided by
+        an expanded JAR file. Patch provided by hengyunabc. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        When multiple compressed formats are available and the client does not
+        express a preference, use the server order to determine the preferred
+        format. Based on a patch by gmokki. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59284">59284</a>: Allow the Tomcat provided JASPIC
+        <code>SimpleServerAuthConfig</code> to pick up module configuration
+        properties from either the property set passed to its constructor or
+        from the properties passed in the call to <code>getAuthContext</code>.
+        Based on a patch by Thomas Maslen. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59310">59310</a>: Do not add a <code>Content-Length: 0</code> header for
+        custom responses to <code>HEAD</code> requests that do not set a
+        <code>Content-Length</code> value. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When normalizing paths, improve the handling when paths end with
+        <code>/.</code> or <code>/..</code> and ensure that input and output are
+        consistent with respect to whether or not they end with <code>/</code>.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59317">59317</a>: Ensure that
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getRequestURI()</code> returns an encoded URI
+        rather than a decoded URI after a dispatch. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use the correct URL for the fragment when reporting errors processing
+        a <code>web-fragment.xml</code> file from a JAR located in an unpacked
+        WAR. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that <code>JarScanner</code> only uses the explicit call-back to
+        process <code>WEB-INF/classes</code> and only when configured to treat
+        the contents of <code>WEB-INF/classes</code> as a possible exploded JAR.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove the <code>java2DDisposerProtection</code> option from the
+        <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code>. The leak is fixed in Java
+        7 onwards and Tomcat 9 requires Java 8 so the option is unnecessary.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove the <code>securityPolicyProtection</code> option from the
+        <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code>. The leak is fixed in Java
+        8 onwards and Tomcat 9 requires Java 8 so the option is unnecessary.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove the <code>securityLoginConfigurationProtection</code> option from
+        the <code>JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</code>. The leak is fixed in
+        Java 8 onwards and Tomcat 9 requires Java 8 so the option is
+        unnecessary. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the value for the header <code>X-Frame-Options</code> is
+        constructed correctly according to the specification when
+        <code>ALLOW-FROM</code> option is used. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix an <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> if the first use of an
+        internal <code>Response</code> object requires JASPIC authentication.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Do not trigger unnecessary session ID changes when using JASPIC and the
+        user is authenticated using cached credentials. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59437">59437</a>: Ensure that the JASPIC <code>CallbackHandler</code> is
+        thread-safe. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59449">59449</a>: In <code>ContainerBase</code>, ensure that the process
+        to remove a child container is the reverse of the process to add one.
+        Patch provided by Huxing Zhang. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M5_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improves OpenSSL engine robustness when SSL allocation fails for
+        some reason. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        OpenSSL engine code cleanups. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Align cipher configuration parsing with current OpenSSL master. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Change the default for <code>honorCipherOrder</code> to
+        <code>false</code>. With the current default TLS configuration, it is no
+        longer necessary for this to be <code>true</code> for a reasonably
+        secure configuration. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add a new environment variable <code>JSSE_OPTS</code> that is intended
+        to be used to pass JVM wide configuration to the JSSE implementation.
+        The default value is <code>-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048</code>
+        which protects against weak Diffie-Hellman keys. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58970">58970</a>: Fix a connection counting bug in the NIO connector
+        that meant some dropped connections were not removed from the current
+        connection count. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59289">59289</a>: Do not recycle upgrade processors in unexpected close
+        situations. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59295">59295</a>: Use <code>Locale.toLanguageTag()</code> to construct
+        the <code>Content-Language</code> HTTP header to ensure the locale is
+        correctly represented. Patch provided by zikfat. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59344">59344</a>: Add support for using pem encoded certificates with
+        JSSE SSL. Submitted by Emmanuel Bourg with additional tweaks. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make the TLS certificate chain available to clients when using
+        JSSE+OpenSSL with the certificate chain stored in a Java KeyStore.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Work around <a href="https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/188">a
+        known issue in OpenSSL</a> that does not permit the TLS handshake to be
+        failed if the ALPN negotiation fails. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59421">59421</a>: Add direct HTTP/2 connection support. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly handle a call to <code>AsyncContext.complete()</code> from a
+        non-container thread when non-blocking I/O is being used. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59451">59451</a>: Correct Javadoc for <code>MessageBytes</code>. Patch
+        provided by Kyohei Nakamura. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59450">59450</a>: Correctly handle the case where the
+        <code>LegacyCookieProcessor</code> is configured with
+        <code>allowHttpSepsInV0</code> set to <code>false</code> and
+        <code>forwardSlashIsSeparator</code> set to <code>true</code>. Patch
+        provided by Kyohei Nakamura. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M5_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When scanning JARs for TLDs, correctly handle the (rare) case where a
+        JAR has been exploded into <code>WEB-INF/classes</code> and the web
+        application is deployed as a packed WAR. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59640">59640</a>: NPEs with not found TLDs. (remm)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M5_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59189">59189</a>: Explicitly release the native memory held by the
+        <code>Inflater</code> and <code>Deflater</code> when using
+        PerMessageDeflate and the WebSocket session ends. Based on a patch by
+        Henrik Olsson. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Restore the <code>WsServerContainer.doUpgrade()</code> method which was
+        accidentally removed since it is not used by Tomcat. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a regression caused by the connector refactoring and ensure that the
+        thread context class loader is set to the web application
+        classloader when processing WebSocket messages on the server. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that a client disconnection triggers the error handling for the
+        associated WebSocket end point. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make WebSocket client more robust when handling errors during the close
+        of a WebSocket session. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M5_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59218">59218</a>: Correct the path to <code>jaspic-providers.xml</code>
+        in Jaspic How-To. Patch is provided by Tatsuya Bessho. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Remove button that has accidentally been added to the host manager.
+        Submitted by Coty Sutherland. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Update in the documentation the link to the maven repository where
+        Tomcat snapshot artifacts are deployed. (markt/violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Clarify in the documentation that calls to
+        <code>ServletContext.log(String, Throwable)</code> or
+        <code>GenericServlet.log(String, Throwable)</code> are logged at the
+        SEVERE level. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a typo in SSL/TLS Configuration How-To.
+        Issue reported via comments.apache.org. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M5_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Avoid NPE when a proxy node failed to retrieve a backup entry. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add the flag indicating that member is a localMember. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix potential NPE that depends on the setting order of attributes of
+        static member when using the static cluster. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add get/set method for the channel that is related to
+        <code>ChannelInterceptor</code>. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        As with the multicast cluster environment, in the static cluster
+        environment, the local member inherits properties from the cluster
+        receiver. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add get/set method for the channel that is related to each Channel
+        services. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add name to channel in order to identify channels. In tomcat cluster
+        environment, it is set the cluster name + "-Channel" as default value.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add the channel name to the thread which is invoked by channel services
+        in order to identify the associated channel. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that clear the channel instance from channel services when
+        stopping channel. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Implement map state in the replication map. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the ping is not executed during the start/stop of the
+        replication map. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        In ping processing in the replication map, send not the
+        <code>INIT</code> message but the newly introduced <code>PING</code>
+        message. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M5_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59211">59211</a>: Add hamcrest to Eclipse classpath. Patch is provided
+        by Huxing Zhang. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59276">59276</a>: Update optional Checkstyle library to 6.17.
+        (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59280">59280</a>: Update the NSIS Installer used to build the
+        Windows Installers to version 2.51. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.7 to
+        pick up the Windows binaries that are based on OpenSSL 1.0.2h and APR
+        1.5.2. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M4_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-03-16</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M4 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M4_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> is never processed as a web
+        fragment. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Switch default connector when native is installed. Unless configured
+        otherwise, the NIO endpoint will be used by default. If SSL is
+        configured, OpenSSL will be used rather than JSSE. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58867">58867</a>. When configuring a
+        Context to use an external directory for the <code>docBase</code>, and
+        that directory happens to be located along side the original WAR, use
+        the directory as the <code>docBase</code> rather than expanding the
+        WAR into the <code>appBase</code> and using the newly created expanded
+        directory as the <code>docBase</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58351">58351</a>: Make the server build date and server version number
+        accessible via JMX. Patch provided by  Huxing Zhang. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58988">58988</a>: Special characters in the substitutions for the
+        RewriteValve can now be quoted with a backslash. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58999">58999</a>: Fix class and resource name filtering in
+        WebappClassLoader. It throws a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the
+        name is exactly "org" or "javax". (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add JASPIC (JSR-196) support. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make checking for var and map replacement in RewriteValve a bit stricter
+        and correct detection of colon in var replacement. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the web application class loader to reduce the impact of JAR
+        scanning on the memory footprint of the web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix some resource leaks in the error handling for accessing files from
+        JARs and WARs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the JAR and JAR-in-WAR resource handling to reduce the memory
+        footprint of the web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor the web.xml parsing so a new parser is created every time the
+        web application starts rather than creating and caching the parser when
+        the Context is created. This enables the parser to take account of
+        modified Context configuration parameters and reduces (slightly) the
+        memory footprint of a running Tomcat instance. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Switch the web application class loader to the
+        <code>ParallelWebappClassLoader</code> by default. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57809">57809</a>: Remove the custom context attribute that held the
+        effective web.xml. Components needing access to configuration
+        information may access it via the Servlet API. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Refactor JAR scanning to reduce memory footprint. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59001">59001</a>: Correctly handle the case when Tomcat is installed on
+        a path where one of the segments ends in an exclamation mark. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Expand the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59001">59001</a> to cover the special sequences used
+        in Tomcat's custom jar:war: URLs. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59043">59043</a>: Avoid warning while expiring sessions associated with
+        a single sign on if <code>HttpServletRequest.logout()</code> is used.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59054">59054</a>: Ensure that using the
+        <code>CrawlerSessionManagerValve</code> in a distributed environment
+        does not trigger an error when the Valve registers itself in the
+        session. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add socket properties support to storeconfig. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix incorrect parsing of the NE and NC flags in rewrite rules. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59065">59065</a>: Correct the timing of the check for colons in paths
+        on non-Windows systems implemented in <code>catalina.sh</code> so it
+        works correctly with Cygwin. Patch provided by Ed Randall. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When a Host is configured with an appBase that does not exist, create
+        the appBase before trying to expand an external WAR file into it.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+       <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59115">59115</a>: When using the Servlet 3.0 file upload, the submitted
+       file name may be provided as a token or a quoted-string. If a
+       quoted-string, unquote the string before returning it to the user.
+       (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59123">59123</a>: Close <code>NamingEnumeration</code> objects used by
+        the <code>JNDIRealm</code> once they are no longer required.
+        (fschumacher/markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Implement the proposed Servlet 4.0 API to provide mapping type
+        information for the current request. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59138">59138</a>: Correct a false positive warning for ThreadLocal
+        related memory leaks when the key class but not the value class has been
+        loaded by the web application class loader. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59017">59017</a>: Make the pre-compressed file support in the Default
+        Servlet generic so any compression may be used rather than just gzip.
+        Patch provided by Mikko Tiihonen. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59145">59145</a>: Don't log an invalid warning when a user logs out of
+        a session associated with SSO. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59150">59150</a>: Add an additional flag on APR listener to allow
+        disabling automatic use of OpenSSL. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59151">59151</a>: Fix a regression in the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=56917">56917</a> that
+        added additional (and arguably unnecessary) validation to the provided
+        redirect location. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59154">59154</a>: Fix a <code>NullPointerException</code> in the
+        <code>JAASMemoryLoginModule</code> resulting from the introduction of
+        the <code>CredentialHandler</code> to <code>Realm</code>s.
+        (schultz/markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M4_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Handle the case in the NIO2 connector where the required TLS buffer
+        sizes increase after the connection has been initiated. (markt/remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Bad processing of handshake errors in NIO2. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Use JSSE session configuration options with OpenSSL. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59015">59015</a>: Fix potential cause of endless APR Poller loop during
+        shutdown if the Poller experiences an error during the shutdown process.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Align cipher aliases for <code>kECDHE</code> and <code>ECDHE</code> with
+        the current OpenSSL implementation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59081">59081</a>: Retain the user defined cipher order when defining
+        ciphers. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59089">59089</a>: Correctly ignore HTTP headers that include non-token
+        characters in the header name. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M4_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update to the Eclipse JDT Compiler 4.5.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57583">57583</a>: Improve the performance of
+        <code>javax.servlet.jsp.el.ScopedAttributeELResolver</code> when
+        resolving attributes that do not exist. This improvement only works when
+        Jasper is used with Tomcat's EL implementation. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M4_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a timing issue on session close that could result in an exception
+        being thrown for an incomplete message even through the message was
+        completed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly handle compression of partial messages when the final message
+        fragment has a zero length payload. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59119">59119</a>: Correct read logic for WebSocket client when using
+        secure connections. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59134">59134</a>: Correct client connect logic for secure connections
+        made through a proxy. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M4_(markt)/Web_applications">Web applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct an error in the documentation of the expected behaviour for
+        automatic deployment. If a WAR is updated and an expanded directory is
+        present, the directory will always be deleted and recreated by expanding
+        the WAR if <code>unpackWARs</code> is <code>true</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48674">48674</a>: Implement an option within the Host Manager web
+        application to persist the current configuration. Based on a patch by
+        Coty Sutherland. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58935">58935</a>: Remove incorrect references in the documentation to
+        using <code>jar:file:</code> URLs with the Manager application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the description of the
+        <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code> in Proxy How-To.
+        Issue reported via comments.apache.org. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        The Manager and Host Manager applications are now only accessible via
+        <code>localhost</code> by default. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M4_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        If promoting a proxy node to a primary node when getting a session,
+        notify the change of the new primary node to the original backup node.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M4_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58283">58283</a>: Change the default download location for libraries
+        during the build process from <code>/usr/share/java</code> to
+        <code>${user.home}/temp</code>. Patch provided by Ahmed Hosni. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59031">59031</a>: When using the Windows uninstaller, do not remove the
+        contents of any directories that have been symlinked into the Tomcat
+        directory structure. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.5 to
+        pick up the Windows binaries that are based on OpenSSL 1.0.2g and APR
+        1.5.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Modify the default <code>tomcat-users.xml</code> file to make it harder
+        for users to configure the entries intended for use with the examples
+        web application for the Manager application. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M3_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2016-02-05</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M3 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M3_(markt)/General">General</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Allow to configure multiple JUnit test class patterns with the build
+        property <code>test.name</code> and document the property in
+        BUILDING.txt. (rjung)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M3_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Protect initialization of <code>ResourceLinkFactory</code> when
+        running with a SecurityManager. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a thread safety issue in the filtering of session attributes
+        based on the implementing class name of the value object. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix class loader decision on the delegation for class loading and
+        resource lookup and make it faster too. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58768">58768</a>: Log a warning if a redirect fails because of an
+        invalid location. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58827">58827</a>: Remove remains of JSR-77 implementation. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58946">58946</a>: Ensure that the request parameter map remains
+        immutable when processing via a RequestDispatcher. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58905">58905</a>: Ensure that <code>Tomcat.silence()</code> silences the
+        correct logger and respects the current setting. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M3_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct a regression in the connector refactoring in 9.0.0.M2 that broke
+        TLS support for the APR/native connector. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct an NPE when listing the enabled ciphers (e.g. via the Manager
+        web application) for a TLS enabled APR/native connector. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        New configuration option <code>ajpFlush</code> for the AJP connectors
+        to disable the sending of AJP flush packets. (rjung)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Handle the case in the NIO connector where the required TLS buffer sizes
+        increase after the connection has been initiated. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">not released</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M2 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor creation of <code>MapperListener</code> to ensure that the
+        <code>Mapper</code> used is the <code>Mapper</code> associated with the
+        <code>Service</code> for which the listener was created. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Move the functionality that provides redirects for context roots and
+        directories where a trailing <code>/</code> is added from the Mapper to
+        the <code>DefaultServlet</code>. This enables such requests to be
+        processed by any configured Valves and Filters before the redirect is
+        made. This behaviour is configurable via the
+        <code>mapperContextRootRedirectEnabled</code> and
+        <code>mapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled</code> attributes of the Context
+        which may be used to restore the previous behaviour. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor <code>Service.getContainer()</code> to return an
+        <code>Engine</code> rather than a <code>Container</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=34319">34319</a>: Only load those keys in <code>StoreBase.processExpire</code>
+        from JDBCStore, that are old enough, to be expired. Based on a patch
+        by Tom Anderson. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=56917">56917</a>: As per RFC7231 (HTTP/1.1), allow HTTP/1.1 and later
+        redirects to use relative URIs. This is controlled by a new attribute
+        <code>useRelativeRedirects</code> on the <strong>Context</strong> and
+        defaults to <code>true</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58629">58629</a>: Allow an embedded Tomcat instance to start when the
+        <code>Service</code> has no <code>Engine</code> configured. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correctly notify the MapperListener associated with a Service if the
+        Engine for that Service is changed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make a web application's CredentialHandler available through a context
+        attribute. This allows a web application to use the same algorithm
+        for validating or generating new stored credentials from cleartext
+        ones. (schultz)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58635">58635</a>: Enable break points to be set within agent code when
+        running Tomcat with a Java agent. Based on a patch by Huxing Zhang.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fixed potential NPE in <code>HostConfig</code> while deploying an
+        application. Issue reported by coverity scan. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58655">58655</a>: Fix an <code> IllegalStateException</code> when
+        calling <code>HttpServletResponse.sendRedirect()</code> with the
+        <code>RemoteIpFilter</code>. This was caused by trying to correctly
+        generate the absolute URI for the redirect. With the fix for
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=56917">56917</a>, redirects may now be relative making the
+        <code>sendRedirect()</code> implementation for the
+        <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> much simpler. This also addresses issues
+        where the redirect may not have behaved as expected when redirecting
+        from http to https to from https to http. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58657">58657</a>: Exceptions in a Servlet 3.1 <code>ReadListener</code>
+        or <code>WriteListener</code> do not need to be immediately fatal to the
+        connection. Allow an error response to be written. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct implementation of
+        <code>validateClientProvidedNewSessionId</code> so client provided
+        session IDs may be rejected if validation is enabled. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58701">58701</a>: Reset the <code>instanceInitialized</code> field in
+        <code>StandardWrapper</code> when unloading a Servlet so that a new
+        instance may be correctly initialized. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Add a new flag <code>aprPreferred</code> to the Apr listener. if set to
+        <code>false</code>, when using the connector defaults, it will use
+        NIO + OpenSSL if tomcat-native is available, rather than the APR
+        connector. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add path parameter handling to
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getContextPath()</code>. This is a follow-up to
+        the fix for <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57215">57215</a>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58692">58692</a>: Make <code>StandardJarScanner</code> more robust. Log
+        a warning if a class path entry cannot be scanned rather than triggering
+        the failure of the web application. Includes a test case written by
+         Derek Abdine. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58702">58702</a>: Ensure an access log entry is generated if the client
+        aborts the connection. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fixed various issues reported by Findbugs. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58735">58735</a>: Add support for the <code>X-XSS-Protection</code>
+        header to the <code>HttpHeaderSecurityFilter</code>. Patch provided by
+        Jacopo Cappellato. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add the <code>StatusManagerServlet</code> to the list of Servlets that
+        can only be loaded by privileged applications. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Simplify code and fix messages in
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager</code> class.
+        (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58751">58751</a>: Correctly handle the case where an
+        <code>AsyncListener</code> dispatches to a Servlet on an asynchronous
+        timeout and the Servlet uses <code>sendError()</code> to trigger an
+        error page. Includes a test case based on code provided by Andy
+        Wilkinson.(markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the proper file encoding if specified will be used when
+        a readme file is served by DefaultServlet. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix declaration of <code>localPort</code> attribute of Connector MBean:
+        it is read-only. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58766">58766</a>: Make skipping non-class files during annotation
+        scanning faster by checking the file name first. Improve debug logging.
+        (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58836">58836</a>: Correctly merge query string parameters when
+        processing a forwarded request where the target includes a query string
+        that contains a parameter with no value. (markt/kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Make sure that shared Digester is reset in an unlikely error case
+        in <code>HostConfig.deployWAR()</code>. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Extend the feature available in the cluster session manager
+        implementations that enables session attribute replication to be
+        filtered based on attribute name to all session manager implementations.
+        Note that configuration attribute name has changed from
+        <code>sessionAttributeFilter</code> to
+        <code>sessionAttributeNameFilter</code>. Apply the filter on load as
+        well as unload to ensure that configuration changes made while the web
+        application is stopped are applied to any persisted data. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Extend the session attribute filtering options to include filtering
+        based on the implementation class of the value and optional
+        <code>WARN</code> level logging if an attribute is filtered. These
+        options are available for all of the Manager implementations that ship
+        with Tomcat. When a <code>SecurityManager</code> is used filtering will
+        be enabled by default. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Remove <code>distributable</code> and <code>maxInactiveInterval</code>
+        from the <code>Manager</code> interface because the attributes are never
+        used. The equivalent attributes from the <code>Context</code> always
+        take precedence. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58867">58867</a>: Improve checking on Host start for WAR files that have
+        been modified while Tomcat has stopped and re-expand them if
+        <code>unpackWARs</code> is <code>true</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58900">58900</a>: Correctly undeploy symlinked resources and prevent an
+        infinite cycle of deploy / undeploy. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58621">58621</a>: The certificate chain cannot be set using the main
+        certificate attribute, so restore the certificate chain property. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Allow a new SSL config type where a connector can use either JSSE or
+        OpenSSL. Both could be allowed, but it would likely create support
+        issues. This type is used by the OpenSSL implementation for NIOx. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Improve upgrade context classloader handling by using Context.bind and
+        unbind. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Improve OpenSSL keystore/truststore configuration by using the code
+        from the JSSE implementation. (remm, jfclere)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix a potential loop when a client drops the connection unexpectedly.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        OpenSSL renegotiation support for client certificate authentication.
+        (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix NIO connector renegotiation. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58659">58659</a>: Fix a potential deadlock during HTTP/2 processing when
+        the connection window size is limited. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/Jasper">Jasper</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57136#c25">57136#c25</a>: Change default value of
+        <code>quoteAttributeEL</code> setting in Jasper to be <code>true</code>
+        for better compatibility with other implementations and older versions
+        of Tomcat. Add command line option <code>-no-quoteAttributeEL</code> in
+        JspC. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix handling of missing messages in
+        <code>org.apache.el.util.MessageFactory</code>. (violetagg)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Enable an explicit configuration of local member in the static cluster
+        membership. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix potential integer overflow in <code>DeltaSession</code>.
+        Reported by coverity scan. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        In order to avoid that the heartbeat thread and the background thread to
+        run <code>Channel.heartbeat</code> simultaneously, if
+        <code>heartbeatBackgroundEnabled</code> of <code>SimpleTcpCluster</code>
+        set to <code>true</code>, ensure that the heartbeat thread does not
+        start. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/WebSocket">WebSocket</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=55006">55006</a>: The WebSocket client now honors the
+        <code>java.net.java.net.ProxySelector</code> configuration (using the
+        HTTP type) when establishing WebSocket connections to servers. Based on
+        a patch by Niki Dokovski. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58624">58624</a>: Correct a potential deadlock if the WebSocket
+        connection is closed when a message write is in progress. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57489">57489</a>: Ensure <code>onClose()</code> is called when a
+        WebSocket connection is closed even if the sending of the close message
+        fails. Includes test cases by Barry Coughlan. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/Web_Applications">Web Applications</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58631">58631</a>: Correct the continuation character use in the Windows
+        Service How-To page of the documentation web application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct the SSL documentation for deprecated attributes to point to the
+        correct, new location for attributes related to individual certificates.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct some typos in the JNDI resources How-To. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Don't create session unnecessarily in the Manager application. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Don't create session unnecessarily in the Host Manager application.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58723">58723</a>: Clarify documentation and error messages for the text
+        interface of the manager to make clear that version must be used with
+        path when referencing contexts deployed using parallel deployment.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Document <code>test.threads</code> option in BUILDING.txt. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ensure that the static member is registered to the add suspect list even
+        if the static member that is registered to the remove suspect list has
+        disappeared. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        When using a static cluster, add the members that have been cached in
+        the membership service to the map members list in order to ensure that
+        the map member is a static member. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add support for the startup notification of local members in the static
+        cluster. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Ignore the unnecessary member remove operation from different domain.
+        (kfujino)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Add support for the shutdown notification of local members in the static
+        cluster. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/jdbc-pool">jdbc-pool</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Correct evaluation of system property
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.onlyAttemptCurrentClassLoader</code>.
+        It was basically ignored before. Reported by coverity scan. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Fix potential integer overflow in <code>ConnectionPool</code> and
+        <code>PooledConnection</code>. Reported by coverity scan. (fschumacher)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M2_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update optional Checkstyle library to 6.14.1. (kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the packaged version of the Tomcat Native Library to 1.2.4 to
+        pick up the Windows binaries that are based on OpenSSL 1.0.2e and APR
+        1.5.1. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the NSIS Installer used to build the Windows Installers to
+        version 2.50. (markt/kkolinko)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons BCEL to r1725718 to align with the
+        refactoring for BCEL 6, the next major BCEL release. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons DBCP 2 to r1725730 (2.1.1 plus
+        additional fixes). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons Pool 2 to r1725738 (2.4.2 plus
+        additional fixes). (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Update the internal fork of Commons Codec to r1725746 (1.9 plus
+        additional fixes). (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M1_(markt)"><span style="float: right;">2015-11-17</span> Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 (markt)</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M1_(markt)/General">General</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Make Java 8 the minimum required version to build and run Tomcat 9.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove support for Comet. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Tighten up the default file permissions for the <code>.tar.gz</code>
+        distribution so no files or directories are world readable by default.
+        Configure Tomcat to run with a default umask of <code>0027</code> which
+        may be overridden by setting <code>UMASK</code> in
+        <code>setenv.sh</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove native code (Windows Service Wrapper, APR/native connector)
+        support for Windows Itanium. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M1_(markt)/Catalina">Catalina</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        The default HTTP cookie parser has been changed to
+        <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor</code>. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M1_(markt)/Coyote">Coyote</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        Remove support for the HTTP BIO and AJP BIO connectors. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Code: " class="icon" src="./images/code.gif">
+        Refactor HTTP upgrade and AJP implementations to reduce duplication.
+        (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for HPACK header encoding and decoding, contributed
+        by Stuart Douglas. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57108">57108</a>: Add support for Server Name Indication (SNI). There
+        has been significant changes to the SSL configuration in server.xml to
+        support this. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add SSL engine for JSSE backed by OpenSSL. Includes ALPN support.
+        Based on code contributed by Numa de Montmollin and derived from code
+        developed by Twitter and Netty. (remm)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        RFC 7230 states that clients should ignore reason phrases in HTTP/1.1
+        response messages. Since the reason phrase is optional, Tomcat no longer
+        sends it. As a result the system property
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.USE_CUSTOM_STATUS_MSG_IN_HEADER</code> is no
+        longer used and has been removed. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Update: " class="icon" src="./images/update.gif">
+        The minimum required Tomcat Native version has been increased to 1.2.2.
+        The 1.2.x branch includes ALPN and SNI support which are required for
+        HTTP/2. (markt)
+      </li>
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Add support for HTTP/2 including server push. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M1_(markt)/Tribes">Tribes</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Fix: " class="icon" src="./images/fix.gif">
+        Clarify the handling of Copy message and Copy nodes. (kfujino)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_9.0.0.M1_(markt)/Other">Other</h4><div class="text">
+    <ul class="changelog">
+      <li><img alt="Add: " class="icon" src="./images/add.gif">
+        Support the use of the <code>threads</code> attribute on Ant's
+        junit task. Note that using this with a value of greater than one will
+        disable Cobertura code coverage. (markt)
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Class Loader How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Class Loader How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#Class_Loader_Definitions">Class Loader Definitions</a></li><li><a href="#XML_Parsers_and_Java">XML Parsers and Java</a></li><li><a href="#Running_under_a_security_manager">Running under a security manager</a></li><li><a href="#Advanced_configuration">Advanced configuration</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Like many server applications, Tomcat installs a variety of class loaders
+(that is, classes that implement <code>java.lang.ClassLoader</code>) to allow
+different portions of the container, and the web applications running on the
+container, to have access to different repositories of available classes and
+resources.  This mechanism is used to provide the functionality defined in the
+Servlet Specification, version 2.4&nbsp;&mdash; in particular, Sections 9.4
+and 9.6.</p>
+
+<p>In a Java environment, class loaders are
+arranged in a parent-child tree.  Normally, when a class loader is asked to
+load a particular class or resource, it delegates the request to a parent
+class loader first, and then looks in its own repositories only if the parent
+class loader(s) cannot find the requested class or resource.  Note, that the
+model for web application class loaders <em>differs</em> slightly from this,
+as discussed below, but the main principles are the same.</p>
+
+<p>When Tomcat is started, it creates a set of class loaders that are
+organized into the following parent-child relationships, where the parent
+class loader is above the child class loader:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>      Bootstrap
+          |
+       System
+          |
+       Common
+       /     \
+  Webapp1   Webapp2 ...</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The characteristics of each of these class loaders, including the source
+of classes and resources that they make visible, are discussed in detail in
+the following section.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Class_Loader_Definitions">Class Loader Definitions</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>As indicated in the diagram above, Tomcat creates the following class
+loaders as it is initialized:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><strong>Bootstrap</strong> &mdash; This class loader contains the basic
+    runtime classes provided by the Java Virtual Machine, plus any classes from
+    JAR files present in the System Extensions directory
+    (<code>$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext</code>).  <em>Note</em>: some JVMs may
+    implement this as more than one class loader, or it may not be visible
+    (as a class loader) at all.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>System</strong> &mdash; This class loader is normally initialized
+    from the contents of the <code>CLASSPATH</code> environment variable.  All
+    such classes are visible to both Tomcat internal classes, and to web
+    applications.  However, the standard Tomcat startup scripts
+    (<code>$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh</code> or
+    <code>%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat</code>) totally ignore the contents
+    of the <code>CLASSPATH</code> environment variable itself, and instead
+    build the System class loader from the following repositories:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><p><em>$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar</em> &mdash; Contains the
+        main() method that is used to initialize the Tomcat server, and the
+        class loader implementation classes it depends on.</p></li>
+    <li><p><em>$CATALINA_BASE/bin/tomcat-juli.jar</em> or
+        <em>$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar</em> &mdash; Logging
+        implementation classes. These include enhancement classes to
+        <code>java.util.logging</code> API, known as Tomcat JULI,
+        and a package-renamed copy of Apache Commons Logging library
+        used internally by Tomcat.
+        See <a href="logging.html">logging documentation</a> for more
+        details.</p>
+        <p>If <code>tomcat-juli.jar</code> is present in
+        <em>$CATALINA_BASE/bin</em>, it is used instead of the one in
+        <em>$CATALINA_HOME/bin</em>. It is useful in certain logging
+        configurations</p></li>
+    <li><p><em>$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar</em> &mdash; The classes
+        from <a href="https://commons.apache.org/daemon/">Apache Commons
+        Daemon</a> project.
+        This JAR file is not present in the <code>CLASSPATH</code> built by
+        <code>catalina.bat</code>|<code>.sh</code> scripts, but is referenced
+        from the manifest file of <em>bootstrap.jar</em>.</p></li>
+    </ul>
+    </li>
+<li><p><strong>Common</strong> &mdash; This class loader contains additional
+    classes that are made visible to both Tomcat internal classes and to all
+    web applications.</p>
+    <p>Normally, application classes should <strong>NOT</strong>
+    be placed here.  The locations searched by this class loader are defined by
+    the <code>common.loader</code> property in
+    $CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.properties. The default setting will search the
+    following locations in the order they are listed:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>unpacked classes and resources in <code>$CATALINA_BASE/lib</code></li>
+      <li>JAR files in <code>$CATALINA_BASE/lib</code></li>
+      <li>unpacked classes and resources in <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code></li>
+      <li>JAR files in <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code></li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>By default, this includes the following:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><em>annotations-api.jar</em> &mdash; Common Annotations 1.3 classes.
+        </li>
+    <li><em>catalina.jar</em> &mdash; Implementation of the Catalina servlet
+        container portion of Tomcat.</li>
+    <li><em>catalina-ant.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Tomcat Catalina Ant tasks
+        for working with the Manager web application.</li>
+    <li><em>catalina-ha.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. High availability package
+        that provides session clustering functionality built on Tribes.</li>
+    <li><em>catalina-ssi.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Server-side Includes module.
+        </li>
+    <li><em>catalina-storeconfig.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Generation of XML
+        configuration files from current state.</li>
+    <li><em>catalina-tribes.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Group communication
+        package used by the high availabaility package.</li>
+    <li><em>ecj-*.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Eclipse JDT Java compiler used to
+        compile JSPs to Servlets.</li>
+    <li><em>el-api.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. EL 3.0 API.</li>
+    <li><em>jasper.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Tomcat Jasper JSP Compiler and
+        Runtime.</li>
+    <li><em>jasper-el.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Tomcat EL implementation.</li>
+    <li><em>jaspic-api.jar</em> &mdash; JASPIC 1.1 API.</li>
+    <li><em>jsp-api.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. JSP 2.3 API.</li>
+    <li><em>servlet-api.jar</em> &mdash; Java Servlet 4.0 API.</li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-api.jar</em> &mdash; Several interfaces defined by Tomcat.
+        </li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-coyote.jar</em> &mdash; Tomcat connectors and utility
+        classes.</li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-dbcp.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Database connection pool
+        implementation based on package-renamed copy of Apache Commons Pool 2
+        and Apache Commons DBCP 2.</li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-i18n-**.jar</em> &mdash; Optional JARs containing resource
+        bundles for other languages. As default bundles are also included in
+        each individual JAR, they can be safely removed if no
+        internationalization of messages is needed.</li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-jdbc.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. An alternative database
+        connection pool implementation, known as Tomcat JDBC pool. See
+        <a href="jdbc-pool.html">documentation</a> for more details.</li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-jni.jar</em> &mdash; Provides the integration with the Tomcat
+        Native library.</li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-util.jar</em> &mdash; Common classes used by various
+        components of Apache Tomcat.</li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-util-scan.jar</em> &mdash; Provides the class scanning
+        functionality used by Tomcat.</li>
+    <li><em>tomcat-websocket.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Java WebSocket 1.1
+        implementation</li>
+    <li><em>websocket-api.jar</em> &mdash; Optional. Java WebSocket 1.1 API
+        </li>
+    </ul></li>
+<li><p><strong>WebappX</strong> &mdash; A class loader is created for each web
+    application that is deployed in a single Tomcat instance.  All unpacked
+    classes and resources in the <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> directory of
+    your web application, plus classes and resources in JAR files
+    under the <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> directory of your web application,
+    are made visible to this web application, but not to other ones.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>As mentioned above, the web application class loader diverges from the
+default Java delegation model (in accordance with the recommendations in the
+Servlet Specification, version 2.4, section 9.7.2 Web Application Classloader).
+When a request to load a
+class from the web application's <em>WebappX</em> class loader is processed,
+this class loader will look in the local repositories <strong>first</strong>,
+instead of delegating before looking.  There are exceptions. Classes which are
+part of the JRE base classes cannot be overridden. There are some exceptions
+such as the XML parser components which can be overridden using the appropriate
+JVM feature which is the endorsed standards override feature for Java &lt;= 8
+and the upgradeable modules feature for Java 9+.
+Lastly, the web application class loader will always delegate first for JavaEE
+API classes for the specifications implemented by Tomcat
+(Servlet, JSP, EL, WebSocket). All other class loaders in Tomcat follow the
+usual delegation pattern.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, from the perspective of a web application, class or resource
+loading looks in the following repositories, in this order:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Bootstrap classes of your JVM</li>
+<li><em>/WEB-INF/classes</em> of your web application</li>
+<li><em>/WEB-INF/lib/*.jar</em> of your web application</li>
+<li>System class loader classes (described above)</li>
+<li>Common class loader classes (described above)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If the web application class loader is
+<a href="config/loader.html">configured</a> with
+<code>&lt;Loader delegate="true"/&gt;</code>
+then the order becomes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Bootstrap classes of your JVM</li>
+<li>System class loader classes (described above)</li>
+<li>Common class loader classes (described above)</li>
+<li><em>/WEB-INF/classes</em> of your web application</li>
+<li><em>/WEB-INF/lib/*.jar</em> of your web application</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="XML_Parsers_and_Java">XML Parsers and Java</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Starting with Java 1.4 a copy of JAXP APIs and an XML parser are packed
+inside the JRE.  This has impacts on applications that wish to use their own
+XML parser.</p>
+
+<p>In old versions of Tomcat, you could simply replace the XML parser
+in the Tomcat libraries directory to change the parser
+used by all web applications.  However, this technique will not be effective
+when you are running modern versions of Java, because the usual class loader
+delegation process will always choose the implementation inside the JDK in
+preference to this one.</p>
+
+<p>Java &lt;= 8 supports a mechanism called the "Endorsed Standards Override
+Mechanism" to allow replacement of APIs created outside of the JCP
+(i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).  It can also be used to update the XML parser
+implementation.  For more information, see:
+<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/standards/index.html">
+http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/standards/index.html</a>. For
+Java 9+, use the upgradeable modules feature.</p>
+
+<p>Tomcat utilizes the endorsed mechanism by including the system property setting
+<code>-Djava.endorsed.dirs=$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS</code> in the
+command line that starts the container. The default value of this option is
+<em>$CATALINA_HOME/endorsed</em>. This <em>endorsed</em> directory is not
+created by default. Note that the endorsed feature is no longer supported
+with Java 9 and the above system property will only be set if either the
+directory <em>$CATALINA_HOME/endorsed</em> exists, or the variable
+<code>JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS</code> has been set.
+</p>
+
+<p>Note that overriding any JRE component carries risk. If the overriding
+component does not provide a 100% compatible API (e.g. the API provided by
+Xerces is not 100% compatible with the XML API provided by the JRE) then there
+is a risk that Tomcat and/or the deployed application will experience errors.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Running_under_a_security_manager">Running under a security manager</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>When running under a security manager the locations from which classes
+are permitted to be loaded will also depend on the contents of your policy
+file. See <a href="security-manager-howto.html">Security Manager How-To</a>
+for further information.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Advanced_configuration">Advanced configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>A more complex class loader hierarchy may also be configured. See the diagram
+below. By default, the <strong>Server</strong> and <strong>Shared</strong>
+class loaders are not defined and the simplified hierarchy shown above is used.
+This more complex hierarchy may be use by defining values for the
+<code>server.loader</code> and/or <code>shared.loader</code> properties in
+<code>conf/catalina.properties</code>.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+  Bootstrap
+      |
+    System
+      |
+    Common
+     /  \
+Server  Shared
+         /  \
+   Webapp1  Webapp2 ...</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The <strong>Server</strong> class loader is only visible to Tomcat internals
+and is completely invisible to web applications.</p>
+
+<p>The <strong>Shared</strong> class loader is visible to all web applications
+and may be used to shared code across all web applications. However, any updates
+to this shared code will require a Tomcat restart.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Clustering/Session Replication How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"><meta name="author" content="Peter Rossbach"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Clustering/Session Replication How-To</h2><h3 id="Important_Note">Important Note</h3><div class="text">
+<p><b>You can also check the <a href="config/cluster.html">configuration reference documentation.</a></b>
+</p>
+</div><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#For_the_impatient">For the impatient</a></li><li><a href="#Security">Security</a></li><li><a href="#Cluster_Basics">Cluster Basics</a></li><li><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#Cluster_Information">Cluster Information</a></li><li><a href="#Bind_session_after_crash_to_failover_node">Bind session after crash to failover node</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration_Example">Configuration Example</a></li><li><a href="#Cluster_Architecture">Cluster Architecture</a></li><li><a href="#How_it_Works">How it Works</a></li><li><a href="#Monitoring_your_Cluster_with_JMX">Monitoring your Cluster with JMX</a></li><li><a href="#FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="For_the_impatient">For the impatient</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    Simply add
+  </p>
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  <p>
+    to your <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code> or your <code>&lt;Host&gt;</code> element to enable clustering.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    Using the above configuration will enable all-to-all session replication
+    using the <code>DeltaManager</code> to replicate session deltas. By all-to-all, we mean that <i>every</i>
+    session gets replicated to <i>all the other nodes</i> in the cluster.
+    This works great for smaller clusters, but we don't recommend it for larger clusters &mdash; more than 4 nodes or so.
+    Also, when using the DeltaManager, Tomcat will replicate sessions to <i>all</i> nodes,
+    <i>even nodes that don't have the application deployed</i>.<br>
+    To get around these problem, you'll want to use the <code>BackupManager</code>. The <code>BackupManager</code>
+    only replicates the session data to <i>one</i> backup node, and only to nodes that have the application deployed.
+    Once you have a simple cluster running with the <code>DeltaManager</code>, you will probably want to
+    migrate to the <code>BackupManager</code> as you increase the number of nodes in your cluster.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    Here are some of the important default values:
+  </p>
+  <ol>
+    <li>Multicast address is 228.0.0.4</li>
+    <li>Multicast port is 45564 (the port and the address together determine cluster membership.</li>
+    <li>The IP broadcasted is <code>java.net.InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()</code> (make sure you don't broadcast 127.0.0.1, this is a common error)</li>
+    <li>The TCP port listening for replication messages is the first available server socket in range <code>4000-4100</code></li>
+    <li>Listener is configured <code>ClusterSessionListener</code></li>
+    <li>Two interceptors are configured <code>TcpFailureDetector</code> and <code>MessageDispatchInterceptor</code></li>
+  </ol>
+  <p>
+    The following is the default cluster configuration:
+  </p>
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>        &lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
+                 channelSendOptions="8"&gt;
+
+          &lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/&gt;
+
+          &lt;Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"&gt;
+            &lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
+                        address="228.0.0.4"
+                        port="45564"
+                        frequency="500"
+                        dropTime="3000"/&gt;
+            &lt;Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
+                      address="auto"
+                      port="4000"
+                      autoBind="100"
+                      selectorTimeout="5000"
+                      maxThreads="6"/&gt;
+
+            &lt;Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"&gt;
+              &lt;Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/&gt;
+            &lt;/Sender&gt;
+            &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/&gt;
+            &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/&gt;
+          &lt;/Channel&gt;
+
+          &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
+                 filter=""/&gt;
+          &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/&gt;
+
+          &lt;Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
+                    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
+                    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
+                    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
+                    watchEnabled="false"/&gt;
+
+          &lt;ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/&gt;
+        &lt;/Cluster&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  <p>We will cover this section in more detail later in this document.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The cluster implementation is written on the basis that a secure, trusted
+network is used for all of the cluster related network traffic. It is not safe
+to run a cluster on a insecure, untrusted network.</p>
+
+<p>There are many options for providing a secure, trusted network for use by a
+Tomcat cluster. These include:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>private LAN</li>
+  <li>a Virtual Private Network (VPN)</li>
+  <li>IPSEC</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a href="cluster-interceptor.html#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.EncryptInterceptor_Attributes">EncryptInterceptor</a>
+provides confidentiality and integrity protection but it does not protect
+against all risks associated with running a Tomcat cluster on an untrusted
+network, particularly DoS attacks.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Cluster_Basics">Cluster Basics</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>To run session replication in your Tomcat 9 container, the following steps
+should be completed:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>All your session attributes must implement <code>java.io.Serializable</code></li>
+  <li>Uncomment the <code>Cluster</code> element in server.xml</li>
+  <li>If you have defined custom cluster valves, make sure you have the <code>ReplicationValve</code>  defined as well under the Cluster element in server.xml</li>
+  <li>If your Tomcat instances are running on the same machine, make sure the <code>Receiver.port</code>
+      attribute is unique for each instance, in most cases Tomcat is smart enough to resolve this on it's own by autodetecting available ports in the range 4000-4100</li>
+  <li>Make sure your <code>web.xml</code> has the
+      <code>&lt;distributable/&gt;</code> element</li>
+  <li>If you are using mod_jk, make sure that jvmRoute attribute is set at your Engine <code>&lt;Engine name="Catalina" jvmRoute="node01" &gt;</code>
+      and that the jvmRoute attribute value matches your worker name in workers.properties</li>
+  <li>Make sure that all nodes have the same time and sync with NTP service!</li>
+  <li>Make sure that your loadbalancer is configured for sticky session mode.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Load balancing can be achieved through many techniques, as seen in the
+<a href="balancer-howto.html">Load Balancing</a> chapter.</p>
+<p>Note: Remember that your session state is tracked by a cookie, so your URL must look the same from the out
+   side otherwise, a new session will be created.</p>
+<p>The Cluster module uses the Tomcat JULI logging framework, so you can configure logging
+   through the regular logging.properties file. To track messages, you can enable logging on the key: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.MESSAGES</code></p>
+</div><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>To enable session replication in Tomcat, three different paths can be followed to achieve the exact same thing:</p>
+<ol>
+  <li>Using session persistence, and saving the session to a shared file system (PersistenceManager + FileStore)</li>
+  <li>Using session persistence, and saving the session to a shared database (PersistenceManager + JDBCStore)</li>
+  <li>Using in-memory-replication, using the SimpleTcpCluster that ships with Tomcat (lib/catalina-tribes.jar + lib/catalina-ha.jar)</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Tomcat can perform an all-to-all replication of session state using the <code>DeltaManager</code> or
+   perform backup replication to only one node using the <code>BackupManager</code>.
+   The all-to-all replication is an algorithm that is only efficient when the clusters are small. For larger clusters, you
+   should use the BackupManager to use a primary-secondary session replication strategy where the session will only be
+   stored at one backup node.<br>
+
+   Currently you can use the domain worker attribute (mod_jk &gt; 1.2.8) to build cluster partitions
+   with the potential of having a more scalable cluster solution with the DeltaManager
+   (you'll need to configure the domain interceptor for this).
+   In order to keep the network traffic down in an all-to-all environment, you can split your cluster
+   into smaller groups. This can be easily achieved by using different multicast addresses for the different groups.
+   A very simple setup would look like this:
+   </p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>        DNS Round Robin
+               |
+         Load Balancer
+          /           \
+      Cluster1      Cluster2
+      /     \        /     \
+  Tomcat1 Tomcat2  Tomcat3 Tomcat4</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>What is important to mention here, is that session replication is only the beginning of clustering.
+   Another popular concept used to implement clusters is farming, i.e., you deploy your apps only to one
+   server, and the cluster will distribute the deployments across the entire cluster.
+   This is all capabilities that can go into with the FarmWarDeployer (s. cluster example at <code>server.xml</code>)</p>
+<p>In the next section will go deeper into how session replication works and how to configure it.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Cluster_Information">Cluster Information</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Membership is established using multicast heartbeats.
+   Hence, if you wish to subdivide your clusters, you can do this by
+   changing the multicast IP address or port in the <code>&lt;Membership&gt;</code> element.
+</p>
+<p>
+   The heartbeat contains the IP address of the Tomcat node and the TCP port that
+   Tomcat listens to for replication traffic. All data communication happens over TCP.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The <code>ReplicationValve</code> is used to find out when the request has been completed and initiate the
+    replication, if any. Data is only replicated if the session has changed (by calling setAttribute or removeAttribute
+    on the session).
+</p>
+<p>
+    One of the most important performance considerations is the synchronous versus asynchronous replication.
+    In a synchronous replication mode the request doesn't return until the replicated session has been
+    sent over the wire and reinstantiated on all the other cluster nodes.
+    Synchronous vs. asynchronous is configured using the <code>channelSendOptions</code>
+    flag and is an integer value. The default value for the <code>SimpleTcpCluster/DeltaManager</code> combo is
+    8, which is asynchronous.
+    See the <a href="config/cluster.html#SimpleTcpCluster_Attributes">configuration reference</a>
+    for more discussion on the various <code>channelSendOptions</code> values.
+</p>
+<p>
+    For convenience, <code>channelSendOptions</code> can be set by name(s) rather than integer,
+    which are then translated to their integer value upon startup.  The valid option names are:
+    "asynchronous" (alias "async"), "byte_message" (alias "byte"), "multicast", "secure",
+    "synchronized_ack" (alias "sync"), "udp", "use_ack".  Use comma to separate multiple names,
+    e.g. pass "async, multicast" for the options
+    <code>SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS | SEND_OPTIONS_MULTICAST</code>.
+</p>
+<p>
+  You can read more on the <a href="tribes/introduction.html">send flag(overview)</a> or the
+  <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/Channel.html">send flag(javadoc)</a>.
+  During async replication, the request is returned before the data has been replicated. async
+  replication yields shorter request times, and synchronous replication guarantees the session
+  to be replicated before the request returns.
+</p>
+</div><h3 id="Bind_session_after_crash_to_failover_node">Bind session after crash to failover node</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+    If you are using mod_jk and not using sticky sessions or for some reasons sticky session don't
+    work, or you are simply failing over, the session id will need to be modified as it previously contained
+    the worker id of the previous tomcat (as defined by jvmRoute in the Engine element).
+    To solve this, we will use the JvmRouteBinderValve.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The JvmRouteBinderValve rewrites the session id to ensure that the next request will remain sticky
+    (and not fall back to go to random nodes since the worker is no longer available) after a fail over.
+    The valve rewrites the JSESSIONID value in the cookie with the same name.
+    Not having this valve in place, will make it harder to ensure stickiness in case of a failure for the mod_jk module.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Remember, if you are adding your own valves in server.xml then the defaults are no longer valid,
+    make sure that you add in all the appropriate valves as defined by the default.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <b>Hint:</b><br>
+    With attribute <i>sessionIdAttribute</i> you can change the request attribute name that included the old session id.
+    Default attribute name is <i>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteOriginalSessionID</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+    <b>Trick:</b><br>
+    You can enable this mod_jk turnover mode via JMX before you drop a node to all backup nodes!
+    Set enable true on all JvmRouteBinderValve backups, disable worker at mod_jk
+    and then drop node and restart it! Then enable mod_jk Worker and disable JvmRouteBinderValves again.
+    This use case means that only requested session are migrated.
+</p>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Configuration_Example">Configuration Example</h3><div class="text">
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>        &lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
+                 channelSendOptions="6"&gt;
+
+          &lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
+                   mapSendOptions="6"/&gt;
+          &lt;!--
+          &lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/&gt;
+          --&gt;
+          &lt;Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"&gt;
+            &lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
+                        address="228.0.0.4"
+                        port="45564"
+                        frequency="500"
+                        dropTime="3000"/&gt;
+            &lt;Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
+                      address="auto"
+                      port="5000"
+                      selectorTimeout="100"
+                      maxThreads="6"/&gt;
+
+            &lt;Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"&gt;
+              &lt;Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/&gt;
+            &lt;/Sender&gt;
+            &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/&gt;
+            &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/&gt;
+            &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/&gt;
+          &lt;/Channel&gt;
+
+          &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
+                 filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"/&gt;
+
+          &lt;Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
+                    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
+                    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
+                    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
+                    watchEnabled="false"/&gt;
+
+          &lt;ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/&gt;
+        &lt;/Cluster&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+      Break it down!!
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>        &lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
+                 channelSendOptions="6"&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+      The main element, inside this element all cluster details can be configured.
+      The <code>channelSendOptions</code> is the flag that is attached to each message sent by the
+      SimpleTcpCluster class or any objects that are invoking the SimpleTcpCluster.send method.
+      The description of the send flags is available at <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/Channel.html">
+      our javadoc site</a>
+      The <code>DeltaManager</code> sends information using the SimpleTcpCluster.send method, while the backup manager
+      sends it itself directly through the channel.
+      <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>          &lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
+                   mapSendOptions="6"/&gt;
+          &lt;!--
+          &lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
+                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
+                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/&gt;
+          --&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        This is a template for the manager configuration that will be used if no manager is defined in the &lt;Context&gt;
+        element. In Tomcat 5.x each webapp marked distributable had to use the same manager, this is no longer the case
+        since Tomcat you can define a manager class for each webapp, so that you can mix managers in your cluster.
+        Obviously the managers on one node's application has to correspond with the same manager on the same application on the other node.
+        If no manager has been specified for the webapp, and the webapp is marked &lt;distributable/&gt; Tomcat will take this manager configuration
+        and create a manager instance cloning this configuration.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-manager.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>          &lt;Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        The channel element is <a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a>, the group communication framework
+        used inside Tomcat. This element encapsulates everything that has to do with communication and membership logic.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-channel.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>            &lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
+                        address="228.0.0.4"
+                        port="45564"
+                        frequency="500"
+                        dropTime="3000"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        Membership is done using multicasting. Please note that Tribes also supports static memberships using the
+        <code>StaticMembershipInterceptor</code> if you want to extend your membership to points beyond multicasting.
+        The address attribute is the multicast address used and the port is the multicast port. These two together
+        create the cluster separation. If you want a QA cluster and a production cluster, the easiest config is to
+        have the QA cluster be on a separate multicast address/port combination than the production cluster.<br>
+        The membership component broadcasts TCP address/port of itself to the other nodes so that communication between
+        nodes can be done over TCP. Please note that the address being broadcasted is the one of the
+        <code>Receiver.address</code> attribute.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-membership.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>            &lt;Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
+                      address="auto"
+                      port="5000"
+                      selectorTimeout="100"
+                      maxThreads="6"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        In tribes the logic of sending and receiving data has been broken into two functional components. The Receiver, as the name suggests
+        is responsible for receiving messages. Since the Tribes stack is thread less, (a popular improvement now adopted by other frameworks as well),
+        there is a thread pool in this component that has a maxThreads and minThreads setting.<br>
+        The address attribute is the host address that will be broadcasted by the membership component to the other nodes.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-receiver.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>            &lt;Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"&gt;
+              &lt;Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/&gt;
+            &lt;/Sender&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        The sender component, as the name indicates is responsible for sending messages to other nodes.
+        The sender has a shell component, the <code>ReplicationTransmitter</code> but the real stuff done is done in the
+        sub component, <code>Transport</code>.
+        Tribes support having a pool of senders, so that messages can be sent in parallel and if using the NIO sender,
+        you can send messages concurrently as well.<br>
+        Concurrently means one message to multiple senders at the same time and Parallel means multiple messages to multiple senders
+        at the same time.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-sender.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>            &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/&gt;
+            &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/&gt;
+            &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/&gt;
+          &lt;/Channel&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        Tribes uses a stack to send messages through. Each element in the stack is called an interceptor, and works much like the valves do
+        in the Tomcat servlet container.
+        Using interceptors, logic can be broken into more manageable pieces of code. The interceptors configured above are:<br>
+        TcpFailureDetector - verifies crashed members through TCP, if multicast packets get dropped, this interceptor protects against false positives,
+        ie the node marked as crashed even though it still is alive and running.<br>
+        MessageDispatchInterceptor - dispatches messages to a thread (thread pool) to send message asynchronously.<br>
+        ThroughputInterceptor - prints out simple stats on message traffic.<br>
+        Please note that the order of interceptors is important. The way they are defined in server.xml is the way they are represented in the
+        channel stack. Think of it as a linked list, with the head being the first most interceptor and the tail the last.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-interceptor.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>          &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
+                 filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        The cluster uses valves to track requests to web applications, we've mentioned the ReplicationValve and the JvmRouteBinderValve above.
+        The &lt;Cluster&gt; element itself is not part of the pipeline in Tomcat, instead the cluster adds the valve to its parent container.
+        If the &lt;Cluster&gt; elements is configured in the &lt;Engine&gt; element, the valves get added to the engine and so on.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-valve.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>          &lt;Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
+                    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
+                    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
+                    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
+                    watchEnabled="false"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        The default tomcat cluster supports farmed deployment, ie, the cluster can deploy and undeploy applications on the other nodes.
+        The state of this component is currently in flux but will be addressed soon. There was a change in the deployment algorithm
+        between Tomcat 5.0 and 5.5 and at that point, the logic of this component changed to where the deploy dir has to match the
+        webapps directory.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-deployer.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>          &lt;ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/&gt;
+        &lt;/Cluster&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        Since the SimpleTcpCluster itself is a sender and receiver of the Channel object, components can register themselves as listeners to
+        the SimpleTcpCluster. The listener above <code>ClusterSessionListener</code> listens for DeltaManager replication messages
+        and applies the deltas to the manager that in turn applies it to the session.
+        <br>For more info, Please visit the <a href="config/cluster-listener.html">reference documentation</a>
+    </p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Cluster_Architecture">Cluster Architecture</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p><b>Component Levels:</b></p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>         Server
+           |
+         Service
+           |
+         Engine
+           |  \
+           |  --- Cluster --*
+           |
+         Host
+           |
+         ------
+        /      \
+     Cluster    Context(1-N)
+        |             \
+        |             -- Manager
+        |                   \
+        |                   -- DeltaManager
+        |                   -- BackupManager
+        |
+     ---------------------------
+        |                       \
+      Channel                    \
+    ----------------------------- \
+        |                          \
+     Interceptor_1 ..               \
+        |                            \
+     Interceptor_N                    \
+    -----------------------------      \
+     |          |         |             \
+   Receiver    Sender   Membership       \
+                                         -- Valve
+                                         |      \
+                                         |       -- ReplicationValve
+                                         |       -- JvmRouteBinderValve
+                                         |
+                                         -- LifecycleListener
+                                         |
+                                         -- ClusterListener
+                                         |      \
+                                         |       -- ClusterSessionListener
+                                         |
+                                         -- Deployer
+                                                \
+                                                 -- FarmWarDeployer
+
+</code></pre></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="How_it_Works">How it Works</h3><div class="text">
+<p>To make it easy to understand how clustering works, we are gonna to take you through a series of scenarios.
+   In this scenario we only plan to use two tomcat instances <code>TomcatA</code> and <code>TomcatB</code>.
+   We will cover the following sequence of events:</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</li>
+<li><code>TomcatB</code> starts up (Wait the TomcatA start is complete)</li>
+<li><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, a session <code>S1</code> is created.</li>
+<li><code>TomcatA</code> crashes</li>
+<li><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request for session <code>S1</code></li>
+<li><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</li>
+<li><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, invalidate is called on the session (<code>S1</code>)</li>
+<li><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request, for a new session (<code>S2</code>)</li>
+<li><code>TomcatA</code> The session <code>S2</code> expires due to inactivity.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Ok, now that we have a good sequence, we will take you through exactly what happens in the session replication code</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</b>
+    <p>
+        Tomcat starts up using the standard start up sequence. When the Host object is created, a cluster object is associated with it.
+        When the contexts are parsed, if the distributable element is in place in the web.xml file,
+        Tomcat asks the Cluster class (in this case <code>SimpleTcpCluster</code>) to create a manager
+        for the replicated context. So with clustering enabled, distributable set in web.xml
+        Tomcat will create a <code>DeltaManager</code> for that context instead of a <code>StandardManager</code>.
+        The cluster class will start up a membership service (multicast) and a replication service (tcp unicast).
+        More on the architecture further down in this document.
+    </p>
+</li>
+<li><b><code>TomcatB</code> starts up</b>
+    <p>
+        When TomcatB starts up, it follows the same sequence as TomcatA did with one exception.
+        The cluster is started and will establish a membership (TomcatA, TomcatB).
+        TomcatB will now request the session state from a server that already exists in the cluster,
+        in this case TomcatA. TomcatA responds to the request, and before TomcatB starts listening
+        for HTTP requests, the state has been transferred from TomcatA to TomcatB.
+        In case TomcatA doesn't respond, TomcatB will time out after 60 seconds, issue a log
+        entry, and continue starting. The session state gets transferred for each web
+        application that has distributable in its web.xml. (Note: To use session replication
+        efficiently, all your tomcat instances should be configured the same.)
+    </p>
+</li>
+<li><B><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, a session <code>S1</code> is created.</B>
+    <p>
+        The request coming in to TomcatA is handled exactly the same way as without session
+        replication, until the request is completed, at which time the
+        <code>ReplicationValve</code> will intercept the request before the response is
+        returned to the user.  At this point it finds that the session has been modified,
+        and it uses TCP to replicate the session to TomcatB. Once the serialized data has
+        been handed off to the operating system's TCP logic, the request returns to the user,
+        back through the valve pipeline.  For each request the entire session is replicated,
+        this allows code that modifies attributes in the session without calling setAttribute
+        or removeAttribute to be replicated.  A useDirtyFlag configuration parameter can
+        be used to optimize the number of times a session is replicated.
+    </p>
+
+</li>
+<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> crashes</b>
+    <p>
+        When TomcatA crashes, TomcatB receives a notification that TomcatA has dropped out
+        of the cluster. TomcatB removes TomcatA from its membership list, and TomcatA will
+        no longer be notified of any changes that occurs in TomcatB.  The load balancer
+        will redirect the requests from TomcatA to TomcatB and all the sessions are current.
+    </p>
+</li>
+<li><b><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request for session <code>S1</code></b>
+    <p>Nothing exciting, TomcatB will process the request as any other request.
+    </p>
+</li>
+<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</b>
+    <p>Upon start up, before TomcatA starts taking new request and making itself
+    available to it will follow the start up sequence described above 1) 2).
+    It will join the cluster, contact TomcatB for the current state of all the sessions.
+    And once it receives the session state, it finishes loading and opens its HTTP/mod_jk ports.
+    So no requests will make it to TomcatA until it has received the session state from TomcatB.
+    </p>
+</li>
+<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, invalidate is called on the session (<code>S1</code>)</b>
+    <p>The invalidate call is intercepted, and the session is queued with invalidated sessions.
+        When the request is complete, instead of sending out the session that has changed, it sends out
+        an "expire" message to TomcatB and TomcatB will invalidate the session as well.
+    </p>
+
+</li>
+<li><b><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request, for a new session (<code>S2</code>)</b>
+    <p>Same scenario as in step 3)
+    </p>
+
+
+</li>
+<li><code>TomcatA</code> The session <code>S2</code> expires due to inactivity.
+    <p>The invalidate call is intercepted the same way as when a session is invalidated by the user,
+       and the session is queued with invalidated sessions.
+       At this point, the invalidated session will not be replicated across until
+       another request comes through the system and checks the invalid queue.
+    </p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Phuuuhh! :)</p>
+
+<p><b>Membership</b>
+    Clustering membership is established using very simple multicast pings.
+    Each Tomcat instance will periodically send out a multicast ping,
+    in the ping message the instance will broadcast its IP and TCP listen port
+    for replication.
+    If an instance has not received such a ping within a given timeframe, the
+    member is considered dead. Very simple, and very effective!
+    Of course, you need to enable multicasting on your system.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>TCP Replication</b>
+    Once a multicast ping has been received, the member is added to the cluster
+    Upon the next replication request, the sending instance will use the host and
+    port info and establish a TCP socket. Using this socket it sends over the serialized data.
+    The reason I chose TCP sockets is because it has built in flow control and guaranteed delivery.
+    So I know, when I send some data, it will make it there :)
+</p>
+
+<p><b>Distributed locking and pages using frames</b>
+    Tomcat does not keep session instances in sync across the cluster.
+    The implementation of such logic would be to much overhead and cause all
+    kinds of problems. If your client accesses the same session
+    simultaneously using multiple requests, then the last request
+    will override the other sessions in the cluster.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Monitoring_your_Cluster_with_JMX">Monitoring your Cluster with JMX</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Monitoring is a very important question when you use a cluster. Some of the cluster objects are JMX MBeans </p>
+<p>Add the following parameter to your startup script:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>set CATALINA_OPTS=\
+-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote \
+-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=%my.jmx.port% \
+-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false \
+-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+  List of Cluster Mbeans
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Name</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>MBean ObjectName - Engine</th>
+    <th>MBean ObjectName - Host</th>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cluster</td>
+    <td>The complete cluster element</td>
+    <td><code>type=Cluster</code></td>
+    <td><code>type=Cluster,host=${HOST}</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>DeltaManager</td>
+    <td>This manager control the sessions and handle session replication </td>
+    <td><code>type=Manager,context=${APP.CONTEXT.PATH}, host=${HOST}</code></td>
+    <td><code>type=Manager,context=${APP.CONTEXT.PATH}, host=${HOST}</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>FarmWarDeployer</td>
+    <td>Manages the process of deploying an application to all nodes in the cluster</td>
+    <td>Not supported</td>
+    <td><code>type=Cluster, host=${HOST}, component=deployer</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>Member</td>
+    <td>Represents a node in the cluster</td>
+    <td>type=Cluster, component=member, name=${NODE_NAME}</td>
+    <td><code>type=Cluster, host=${HOST}, component=member, name=${NODE_NAME}</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ReplicationValve</td>
+    <td>This valve control the replication to the backup nodes</td>
+    <td><code>type=Valve,name=ReplicationValve</code></td>
+    <td><code>type=Valve,name=ReplicationValve,host=${HOST}</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>JvmRouteBinderValve</td>
+    <td>This is a cluster fallback valve to change the Session ID to the current tomcat jvmroute.</td>
+    <td><code>type=Valve,name=JvmRouteBinderValve,
+              context=${APP.CONTEXT.PATH}</code></td>
+    <td><code>type=Valve,name=JvmRouteBinderValve,host=${HOST},
+              context=${APP.CONTEXT.PATH}</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+</div><h3 id="FAQ">FAQ</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Please see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Clustering">the clustering section of the FAQ</a>.</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Documentation User Comments</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Documentation User Comments</h2><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
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+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The AJP Connector</title><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"><meta name="author" content="Andrew R. Jaquith"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The AJP Connector</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementations">Standard Implementations</a></li><li><a href="#Java_TCP_socket_attributes">Java TCP socket attributes</a></li><li><a href="#NIO_specific_configuration">NIO specific configuration</a></li><li><a href="#NIO2_specific_configuration">NIO2 specific configuration</a></li><li><a href="#APR/native_specific_configuration">APR/native specific configuration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a><ol><li><a href="#Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="#Connector_Comparison">Connector Comparison</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>AJP Connector</strong> element represents a
+  <strong>Connector</strong> component that communicates with a web
+  connector via the <code>AJP</code> protocol.  This is used for cases
+  where you wish to invisibly integrate Tomcat into an existing (or new)
+  Apache installation, and you want Apache to handle the static content
+  contained in the web application, and/or utilize Apache's SSL
+  processing.</p>
+
+  <p>Use of the AJP protocol requires additional security considerations because
+  it allows greater direct manipulation of Tomcat's internal data structures
+  than the HTTP connectors. Particular attention should be paid to the values
+  used for the <code>address</code>, <code>secret</code>,
+  <code>secretRequired</code> and <code>allowedRequestAttributesPattern</code>
+  attributes.</p>
+
+  <p>This connector supports load balancing when used in conjunction with
+  the <code>jvmRoute</code> attribute of the
+  <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>.</p>
+
+  <p>The native connectors supported with this Tomcat release are:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>JK 1.2.x with any of the supported servers. See
+      <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">the JK docs</a>
+      for details.</li>
+      <li>mod_proxy on Apache httpd 2.x (included by default in Apache HTTP
+      Server 2.2), with AJP enabled: see
+      <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">the
+      httpd docs</a> for details.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  <p><b>Other native connectors supporting AJP may work, but are no longer
+  supported.</b></p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>All implementations of <strong>Connector</strong>
+  support the following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowTrace</code></td><td>
+      <p>A boolean value which can be used to enable or disable the TRACE
+      HTTP method. If not specified, this attribute is set to false. As per RFC
+      7231 section 4.3.8, cookie and authorization headers will be excluded from
+      the response to the TRACE request. If you wish to include these, you can
+      implement the <code>doTrace()</code> method for the target Servlet and
+      gain full control over the response.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">asyncTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The default timeout for asynchronous requests in milliseconds. If not
+      specified, this attribute is set to the Servlet specification default of
+      30000 (30 seconds).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">discardFacades</code></td><td>
+      <p>A boolean value which can be used to enable or disable the recycling
+      of the facade objects that isolate the container internal request
+      processing objects. If set to <code>true</code> the facades will be
+      set for garbage collection after every request, otherwise they will be
+      reused. This setting has no effect when the security manager is enabled.
+      If not specified, this attribute is set to <code>true</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">enableLookups</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want calls to
+      <code>request.getRemoteHost()</code> to perform DNS lookups in
+      order to return the actual host name of the remote client.  Set
+      to <code>false</code> to skip the DNS lookup and return the IP
+      address in String form instead (thereby improving performance).
+      By default, DNS lookups are disabled.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">encodedSolidusHandling</code></td><td>
+      <p>When set to <code>reject</code> request paths containing a
+      <code>%2f</code> sequence will be rejected with a 400 response. When set
+      to <code>decode</code> request paths containing a <code>%2f</code>
+      sequence will have that sequence decoded to <code>/</code> at the same
+      time other <code>%nn</code> sequences are decoded. When set to
+      <code>passthrough</code> request paths containing a <code>%2f</code>
+      sequence will be processed with the <code>%2f</code> sequence unchanged.
+      If not specified the default value is <code>reject</code>. This default
+      may be modified if the deprecated <a href="systemprops.html">system
+      property</a>
+      <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.UDecoder.ALLOW_ENCODED_SLASH</code> is
+      set.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxCookieCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of cookies that are permitted for a request. A value
+      of less than zero means no limit. If not specified, a default value of 200
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxParameterCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum total number of request parameters (including uploaded
+      files) obtained from the query string and, for POST requests, the request
+      body if the content type is
+      <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> or
+      <code>multipart/form-data</code>. Request parameters beyond this limit
+      will be ignored. A value of less than 0 means no limit. If not specified,
+      a default of 1000 is used. Note that <code>FailedRequestFilter</code>
+      <a href="filter.html">filter</a> can be used to reject requests that
+      exceed the limit.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxPostSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum size in bytes of the POST which will be handled by
+      the container FORM URL parameter parsing. The limit can be disabled by
+      setting this attribute to a value less than zero. If not specified, this
+      attribute is set to 2097152 (2 megabytes). Note that the
+      <a href="filter.html#Failed_Request_Filter"><code>FailedRequestFilter</code></a>
+      can be used to reject requests that exceed this limit.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxSavePostSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum size in bytes of the POST which will be saved/buffered by
+      the container during FORM or CLIENT-CERT authentication. For both types
+      of authentication, the POST will be saved/buffered before the user is
+      authenticated. For CLIENT-CERT authentication, the POST is buffered for
+      the duration of the SSL handshake and the buffer emptied when the request
+      is processed. For FORM authentication the POST is saved whilst the user
+      is re-directed to the login form and is retained until the user
+      successfully authenticates or the session associated with the
+      authentication request expires. The limit can be disabled by setting this
+      attribute to -1. Setting the attribute to zero will disable the saving of
+      POST data during authentication. If not specified, this attribute is set
+      to 4096 (4 kilobytes).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">parseBodyMethods</code></td><td>
+      <p>A comma-separated list of HTTP methods for which request
+      bodies using <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> will be parsed
+      for request parameters identically to POST. This is useful in RESTful
+      applications that want to support POST-style semantics for PUT requests.
+      Note that any setting other than <code>POST</code> causes Tomcat
+      to behave in a way that goes against the intent of the servlet
+      specification.
+      The HTTP method TRACE is specifically forbidden here in accordance
+      with the HTTP specification.
+      The default is <code>POST</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">port</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The TCP port number on which this <strong>Connector</strong>
+      will create a server socket and await incoming connections.  Your
+      operating system will allow only one server application to listen
+      to a particular port number on a particular IP address. If the special
+      value of 0 (zero) is used, then Tomcat will select a free port at random
+      to use for this connector. This is typically only useful in embedded and
+      testing applications.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">protocol</code></td><td>
+      <p>Sets the protocol to handle incoming traffic. To configure an AJP
+        connector this must be specified. If no value for protocol is provided,
+        an <a href="http.html">HTTP connector</a> rather than an AJP connector
+        will be configured.<br>
+        The standard protocol value for an AJP connector is <code>AJP/1.3</code>
+        which uses an auto-switching mechanism to select either a Java NIO based
+        connector or an APR/native based connector. If the
+        <code>PATH</code> (Windows) or <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> (on most unix
+        systems) environment variables contain the Tomcat native library, the
+        native/APR connector will be used. If the native library cannot be
+        found, the Java NIO based connector will be used.<br>
+        To use an explicit protocol rather than rely on the auto-switching
+        mechanism described above, the following values may be used:<br>
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpNioProtocol</code>
+        - non blocking Java NIO connector.<br>
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpNio2Protocol</code>
+        - non blocking Java NIO2 connector.<br>
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol</code>
+        - the APR/native connector.<br>
+        Custom implementations may also be used.<br>
+        Take a look at our <a href="#Connector_Comparison">Connector
+        Comparison</a> chart.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">proxyName</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is being used in a proxy
+      configuration, configure this attribute to specify the server name
+      to be returned for calls to <code>request.getServerName()</code>.
+      See <a href="#Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</a> for more
+      information.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">proxyPort</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is being used in a proxy
+      configuration, configure this attribute to specify the server port
+      to be returned for calls to <code>request.getServerPort()</code>.
+      See <a href="#Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</a> for more
+      information.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">redirectPort</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is supporting non-SSL
+      requests, and a request is received for which a matching
+      <code>&lt;security-constraint&gt;</code> requires SSL transport,
+      Catalina will automatically redirect the request to the port
+      number specified here.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scheme</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this attribute to the name of the protocol you wish to have
+      returned by calls to <code>request.getScheme()</code>.  For
+      example, you would set this attribute to "<code>https</code>"
+      for an SSL Connector.  The default value is "<code>http</code>".
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secure</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> if you wish to have
+      calls to <code>request.isSecure()</code> to return <code>true</code>
+      for requests received by this Connector. You would want this on an
+      SSL Connector or a non SSL connector that is receiving data from a
+      SSL accelerator, like a crypto card, an SSL appliance or even a webserver.
+      The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">URIEncoding</code></td><td>
+      <p>This specifies the character encoding used to decode the URI bytes,
+      after %xx decoding the URL. The default value is <code>UTF-8</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useBodyEncodingForURI</code></td><td>
+      <p>This specifies if the encoding specified in contentType should be used
+      for URI query parameters, instead of using the URIEncoding. This
+      setting is present for compatibility with Tomcat 4.1.x, where the
+      encoding specified in the contentType, or explicitly set using
+      Request.setCharacterEncoding method was also used for the parameters from
+      the URL. The default value is <code>false</code>.
+      </p>
+      <p><em>Notes:</em> See notes on this attribute in
+      <a href="http.html">HTTP Connector</a> documentation.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useIPVHosts</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> to cause Tomcat to use
+      the IP address passed by the native web server to determine the Host
+      to send the request to.  The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">xpoweredBy</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> to cause Tomcat to advertise
+      support for the Servlet specification using the header recommended in the
+      specification.  The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementations">Standard Implementations</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>To use AJP, you must specify the protocol attribute (see above).</p>
+
+  <p>The standard AJP connectors (NIO, NIO2 and APR/native) all support the
+  following attributes in addition to the common Connector attributes listed
+  above.</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">acceptCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum length of the operating system provided queue for incoming
+      connection requests when <code>maxConnections</code> has been reached. The
+      operating system may ignore this setting and use a different size for the
+      queue. When this queue is full, the operating system may actively refuse
+      additional connections or those connections may time out. The default
+      value is 100.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">acceptorThreadCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of threads to be used to accept connections. Increase this
+      value on a multi CPU machine, although you would never really need more
+      than <code>2</code>. Also, with a lot of non keep alive connections, you
+      might want to increase this value as well. Default value is
+      <code>1</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">acceptorThreadPriority</code></td><td>
+      <p>The priority of the acceptor threads. The threads used to accept
+      new connections. The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the
+      <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc
+      for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what
+      this priority means.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">address</code></td><td>
+      <p>For servers with more than one IP address, this attribute specifies
+      which address will be used for listening on the specified port. By
+      default, the connector will listen on the loopback address. Unless the JVM
+      is configured otherwise using system properties, the Java based connectors
+      (NIO, NIO2) will listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses when configured
+      with either <code>0.0.0.0</code> or <code>::</code>. The APR/native
+      connector will only listen on IPv4 addresses if configured with
+      <code>0.0.0.0</code> and will listen on IPv6 addresses (and optionally
+      IPv4 addresses depending on the setting of <strong>ipv6v6only</strong>) if
+      configured with <code>::</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ajpFlush</code></td><td>
+      <p>A boolean value which can be used to enable or disable sending
+      AJP flush messages to the fronting proxy whenever an explicit
+      flush happens. The default value is <code>true</code>.<br>
+      An AJP flush message is a SEND_BODY_CHUNK packet with no body content.
+      Proxy implementations like mod_jk or mod_proxy_ajp will flush the
+      data buffered in the web server to the client when they receive
+      such a packet. Setting this to <code>false</code> can reduce
+      AJP packet traffic but might delay sending packets to the client.
+      At the end of the response, AJP does always flush to the client.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowedRequestAttributesPattern</code></td><td>
+      <p>The AJP protocol passes some information from the reverse proxy to the
+      AJP connector using request attributes. These attributes are:</p>
+      <ul>
+        <li>javax.servlet.request.cipher_suite</li>
+        <li>javax.servlet.request.key_size</li>
+        <li>javax.servlet.request.ssl_session</li>
+        <li>javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate</li>
+        <li>AJP_LOCAL_ADDR</li>
+        <li>AJP_REMOTE_PORT</li>
+        <li>AJP_SSL_PROTOCOL</li>
+        <li>JK_LB_ACTIVATION</li>
+        <li>CERT_ISSUER (IIS only)</li>
+        <li>CERT_SUBJECT (IIS only)</li>
+        <li>CERT_COOKIE (IIS only)</li>
+        <li>HTTPS_SERVER_SUBJECT (IIS only)</li>
+        <li>CERT_FLAGS (IIS only)</li>
+        <li>HTTPS_SECRETKEYSIZE (IIS only)</li>
+        <li>CERT_SERIALNUMBER (IIS only)</li>
+        <li>HTTPS_SERVER_ISSUER (IIS only)</li>
+        <li>HTTPS_KEYSIZE (IIS only)</li>
+      </ul>
+      <p>The AJP protocol supports the passing of arbitrary request attributes.
+      Requests containing arbitrary request attributes will be rejected with a
+      403 response unless the entire attribute name matches this regular
+      expression. If not specified, the default value is <code>null</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">bindOnInit</code></td><td>
+      <p>Controls when the socket used by the connector is bound. If set to
+      <code>true</code> it is bound when the connector is initiated and unbound
+      when the connector is destroyed. If set to <code>false</code>, the socket
+      will be bound when the connector is started and unbound when it is
+      stopped. If not specified, the default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clientCertProvider</code></td><td>
+      <p>When client certificate information is presented in a form other than
+      instances of <code>java.security.cert.X509Certificate</code> it needs to
+      be converted before it can be used and this property controls which JSSE
+      provider is used to perform the conversion. For example it is used with
+      the AJP connectors, the <a href="http.html">HTTP APR connector</a> and
+      with the <a href="valve.html#SSL_Authenticator_Valve">
+      org.apache.catalina.valves.SSLValve</a>.If not specified, the default
+      provider will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionLinger</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of seconds during which the sockets used by this
+      <strong>Connector</strong> will linger when they are closed. The default
+      value is <code>-1</code> which disables socket linger.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of milliseconds this <strong>Connector</strong> will wait,
+      after accepting a connection, for the request URI line to be
+      presented.  The default value for AJP protocol connectors
+      is <code>-1</code> (i.e. infinite).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">executor</code></td><td>
+      <p>A reference to the name in an <a href="executor.html">Executor</a>
+      element. If this attribute is set, and the named executor exists, the
+      connector will use the executor, and all the other thread attributes will
+      be ignored. Note that if a shared executor is not specified for a
+      connector then the connector will use a private, internal executor to
+      provide the thread pool.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">executorTerminationTimeoutMillis</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time that the private internal executor will wait for request
+      processing threads to terminate before continuing with the process of
+      stopping the connector. If not set, the default is <code>5000</code> (5
+      seconds).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keepAliveTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of milliseconds this <strong>Connector</strong> will wait for
+       another AJP request before closing the connection.
+       The default value is to use the value that has been set for the
+       connectionTimeout attribute.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxConnections</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of connections that the server will accept and
+      process at any given time. When this number has been reached, the server
+      will accept, but not process, one further connection. This additional
+      connection be blocked until the number of connections being processed
+      falls below <strong>maxConnections</strong> at which point the server will
+      start accepting and processing new connections again. Note that once the
+      limit has been reached, the operating system may still accept connections
+      based on the <code>acceptCount</code> setting. The default value
+      is <code>8192</code>.</p>
+      <p>For NIO/NIO2 only, setting the value to -1, will disable the
+      maxConnections feature and connections will not be counted.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxHeaderCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of headers in a request that are allowed by the
+      container. A request that contains more headers than the specified limit
+      will be rejected. A value of less than 0 means no limit.
+      If not specified, a default of 100 is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxThreads</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of request processing threads to be created
+      by this <strong>Connector</strong>, which therefore determines the
+      maximum number of simultaneous requests that can be handled.  If
+      not specified, this attribute is set to 200. If an executor is associated
+      with this connector, this attribute is ignored as the connector will
+      execute tasks using the executor rather than an internal thread pool. Note
+      that if an executor is configured any value set for this attribute will be
+      recorded correctly but it will be reported (e.g. via JMX) as
+      <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">minSpareThreads</code></td><td>
+      <p>The minimum number of threads always kept running. This includes both
+      active and idle threads. If not specified, the default of <code>10</code>
+      is used. If an executor is associated with this connector, this attribute
+      is ignored as the connector will execute tasks using the executor rather
+      than an internal thread pool. Note that if an executor is configured any
+      value set for this attribute will be recorded correctly but it will be
+      reported (e.g. via JMX) as <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">packetSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>This attribute sets the maximum AJP packet size in Bytes. The maximum
+      value is 65536. It should be the same as the <code>max_packet_size</code>
+      directive configured for mod_jk. Normally it is not necessary to change
+      the maximum packet size. Problems with the default value have been
+      reported when sending certificates or certificate chains. The default
+      value is 8192. If set to less than 8192 then the setting will ignored and
+      the default value of 8192 used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">processorCache</code></td><td>
+      <p>The protocol handler caches Processor objects to speed up performance.
+      This setting dictates how many of these objects get cached.
+      <code>-1</code> means unlimited, default is <code>200</code>. If not using
+      Servlet 3.0 asynchronous processing, a good default is to use the same as
+      the maxThreads setting. If using Servlet 3.0 asynchronous processing, a
+      good default is to use the larger of maxThreads and the maximum number of
+      expected concurrent requests (synchronous and asynchronous).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secret</code></td><td>
+      <p>Only requests from workers with this secret keyword will be accepted.
+      The default value is <code>null</code>. This attribute must be specified
+      with a non-null, non-zero length value unless
+      <strong>secretRequired</strong> is explicitly configured to be
+      <code>false</code>. If this attribute is configured with a non-null,
+      non-zero length value then the workers <strong>must</strong> provide a
+      matching value else the request will be rejected irrespective of the
+      setting of <strong>secretRequired</strong>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secretRequired</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this attribute is <code>true</code>, the AJP Connector will only
+      start if the <strong>secret</strong> attribute is configured with a
+      non-null, non-zero length value. This attribute only controls whether
+      the <strong>secret</strong> attribute is required to be specified for the
+      AJP Connector to start. It <strong>does not</strong> control whether
+      workers are required to provide the secret. The default value is
+      <code>true</code>. This attribute should only be set to <code>false</code>
+      when the Connector is used on a trusted network.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tcpNoDelay</code></td><td>
+      <p>If set to <code>true</code>, the TCP_NO_DELAY option will be
+      set on the server socket, which improves performance under most
+      circumstances.  This is set to <code>true</code> by default.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">threadPriority</code></td><td>
+      <p>The priority of the request processing threads within the JVM.
+      The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the
+      <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc
+      for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what
+      this priority means.If an executor is associated
+      with this connector, this attribute is ignored as the connector will
+      execute tasks using the executor rather than an internal thread pool. Note
+      that if an executor is configured any value set for this attribute will be
+      recorded correctly but it will be reported (e.g. via JMX) as
+      <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">throwOnFailure</code></td><td>
+      <p>If the Connector experiences an Exception during a Lifecycle transition
+      should the Exception be rethrown or logged? If not specified, the default
+      of <code>false</code> will be used. Note that the default can be changed
+      by the <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE</code>
+      system property.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tomcatAuthentication</code></td><td>
+      <p>If set to <code>true</code>, the authentication will be done in Tomcat.
+      Otherwise, the authenticated principal will be propagated from the native
+      webserver and used for authorization in Tomcat. </p>
+      <p>The web server must send the user principal (username) as a request
+      <i>attribute</i> named <code>REMOTE_USER</code>.</p>
+      <p>Note that this principal will have no roles associated with it.</p>
+      <p>The default value is <code>true</code>. If
+      <code>tomcatAuthorization</code> is set to <code>true</code> this
+      attribute has no effect.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tomcatAuthorization</code></td><td>
+      <p>If set to <code>true</code>, the authenticated principal will be
+      propagated from the native webserver and considered already authenticated
+      in Tomcat. If the web application has one or more security constraints,
+      authorization will then be performed by Tomcat and roles assigned to the
+      authenticated principal. If the appropriate Tomcat Realm for the request
+      does not recognise the provided user name, a Principal will be still be
+      created but it will have no roles. The default value is
+      <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Java_TCP_socket_attributes">Java TCP socket attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The NIO and NIO2 implementation support the following Java TCP socket
+    attributes in addition to the common Connector and HTTP attributes listed
+    above.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.rxBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The socket receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) size in bytes. JVM default
+        used if not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.txBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The socket send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) size in bytes. JVM default
+        used if not set. Care should be taken if explicitly setting this value.
+        Very poor performance has been observed on some JVMs with values less
+        than ~8k.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.tcpNoDelay</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)This is equivalent to standard attribute
+        <strong>tcpNoDelay</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soKeepAlive</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value for the socket's keep alive setting
+        (SO_KEEPALIVE). JVM default used if not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.ooBInline</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value for the socket OOBINLINE setting. JVM default
+        used if not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soReuseAddress</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value for the sockets reuse address option
+        (SO_REUSEADDR). JVM default used if not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soLingerOn</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value for the sockets so linger option (SO_LINGER).
+        A value for the standard attribute <strong>connectionLinger</strong>
+        that is &gt;=0 is equivalent to setting this to <code>true</code>.
+        A value for the standard attribute <strong>connectionLinger</strong>
+        that is &lt;0 is equivalent to setting this to <code>false</code>.
+        Both this attribute and <code>soLingerTime</code> must be set else the
+        JVM defaults will be used for both.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soLingerTime</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Value in seconds for the sockets so linger option (SO_LINGER).
+        This is equivalent to standard attribute
+        <strong>connectionLinger</strong>.
+        Both this attribute and <code>soLingerOn</code> must be set else the
+        JVM defaults will be used for both.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>This is equivalent to standard attribute
+        <strong>connectionTimeout</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.performanceConnectionTime</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The first value for the performance settings. See
+        <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerformancePreferences(int,%20int,%20int)">Socket Performance Options</a>
+        All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
+        be used for all three.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.performanceLatency</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The second value for the performance settings. See
+        <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerformancePreferences(int,%20int,%20int)">Socket Performance Options</a>
+        All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
+        be used for all three.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.performanceBandwidth</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The third value for the performance settings. See
+        <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerformancePreferences(int,%20int,%20int)">Socket Performance Options</a>
+        All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
+        be used for all three.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.unlockTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int) The timeout for a socket unlock. When a connector is stopped, it will try to release the acceptor thread by opening a connector to itself.
+           The default value is <code>250</code> and the value is in milliseconds</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="NIO_specific_configuration">NIO specific configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The following attributes are specific to the NIO connector.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.directBuffer</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped
+        ByteBuffers. Default is <code>false</code>.<br>
+        When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the
+        appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Sun's JDK
+        that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.appReadBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
+        a read ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
+        default this read buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For lower
+        concurrency, you can increase this to buffer more data. For an extreme
+        amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your
+        heap size.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.appWriteBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
+        a write ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
+        default this write buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For low
+        concurrency you can increase this to buffer more response data. For an
+        extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or
+        increase your heap size.<br>
+        The default value here is pretty low, you should up it if you are not
+        dealing with tens of thousands concurrent connections.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.bufferPool</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The NIO connector uses a class called NioChannel that holds
+        elements linked to a socket. To reduce garbage collection, the NIO
+        connector caches these channel objects. This value specifies the size of
+        this cache. The default value is <code>500</code>, and represents that
+        the cache will hold 500 NioChannel objects. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.bufferPoolSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The NioChannel pool can also be size based, not used object
+        based. The size is calculated as follows:<br>
+        NioChannel
+        <code>buffer size = read buffer size + write buffer size</code><br>
+        SecureNioChannel <code>buffer size = application read buffer size +
+        application write buffer size + network read buffer size +
+        network write buffer size</code><br>
+        The value is in bytes, the default value is <code>1024*1024*100</code>
+        (100MB).</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.processorCache</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Tomcat will cache SocketProcessor objects to reduce garbage
+        collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
+        cache at most. The default is <code>500</code>. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.keyCache</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Tomcat will cache KeyAttachment objects to reduce garbage
+        collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
+        cache at most. The default is <code>500</code>. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.eventCache</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Tomcat will cache PollerEvent objects to reduce garbage
+        collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
+        cache at most. The default is <code>500</code>. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="NIO2_specific_configuration">NIO2 specific configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The following attributes are specific to the NIO2 connector.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useCaches</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Use this attribute to enable or disable object caching to
+        reduce the amount of GC objects produced.
+        The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.directBuffer</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped
+        ByteBuffers. Default is <code>false</code>.<br>
+        When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the
+        appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Sun's JDK
+        that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.appReadBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
+        a read ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
+        default this read buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For lower
+        concurrency, you can increase this to buffer more data. For an extreme
+        amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your
+        heap size.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.appWriteBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
+        a write ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
+        default this write buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For low
+        concurrency you can increase this to buffer more response data. For an
+        extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or
+        increase your heap size.<br>
+        The default value here is pretty low, you should up it if you are not
+        dealing with tens of thousands concurrent connections.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.bufferPoolSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The NIO2 connector uses a class called Nio2Channel that holds
+        elements linked to a socket. To reduce garbage collection, the NIO
+        connector caches these channel objects. This value specifies the size of
+        this cache. The default value is <code>500</code>, and represents that
+        the cache will hold 500 Nio2Channel objects. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.processorCache</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Tomcat will cache SocketProcessor objects to reduce garbage
+        collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
+        cache at most. The default is <code>500</code>. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="APR/native_specific_configuration">APR/native specific configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The APR/native implementation supports the following attributes in
+    addition to the common Connector and AJP attributes listed above.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ipv6v6only</code></td><td>
+        <p>If listening on an IPv6 address on a dual stack system, should the
+        connector only listen on the IPv6 address? If not specified the default
+        is <code>false</code> and the connector will listen on the IPv6 address
+        and the equivalent IPv4 address if present.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pollTime</code></td><td>
+        <p>Duration of a poll call in microseconds. Lowering this value will
+        slightly decrease latency of connections being kept alive in some cases
+        , but will use more CPU as more poll calls are being made. The default
+        value is 2000 (2ms).
+        </p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>None at this time.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <code>proxyName</code> and <code>proxyPort</code> attributes can
+  be used when Tomcat is run behind a proxy server.  These attributes
+  modify the values returned to web applications that call the
+  <code>request.getServerName()</code> and <code>request.getServerPort()</code>
+  methods, which are often used to construct absolute URLs for redirects.
+  Without configuring these attributes, the values returned would reflect
+  the server name and port on which the connection from the proxy server
+  was received, rather than the server name and port to whom the client
+  directed the original request.</p>
+
+  <p>For more information, see the
+  <a href="../proxy-howto.html">Proxy Support How-To</a>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector_Comparison">Connector Comparison</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Below is a small chart that shows how the connectors differ.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable" style="text-align: center;">
+      <tr>
+        <th></th>
+        <th style="text-align: center;">Java Nio Connector<br>NIO</th>
+        <th style="text-align: center;">Java Nio2 Connector<br>NIO2</th>
+        <th style="text-align: center;">APR/native Connector<br>APR</th>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Classname</th>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">AjpNioProtocol</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">AjpNio2Protocol</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">AjpAprProtocol</code></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Tomcat Version</th>
+        <td>7.x onwards</td>
+        <td>8.x onwards</td>
+        <td>5.5.x onwards</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Support Polling</th>
+        <td>YES</td>
+        <td>YES</td>
+        <td>YES</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Polling Size</th>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Read Request Headers</th>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Read Request Body</th>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Write Response Headers and Body</th>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Wait for next Request</th>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Max Connections</th>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - Automatic Deployment - Use cases</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Automatic Deployment - Use cases</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Key">Key</a></li><li><a href="#New_files">New files</a></li><li><a href="#Deleted_files">Deleted files</a></li><li><a href="#Modified_files">Modified files</a></li><li><a href="#Added_files">Added files</a></li><li><a href="#Notes">Notes</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This page defines the expected behaviour of the automatic deployer in many
+  typical use cases. This is a complex area of Tomcat's functionality.
+  While any difference between this document and Tomcat's behaviour is a
+  bug, the fix may be to change this document, Tomcat's behaviour or
+  both.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Key">Key</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="detail-table">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Term</th><th>Description</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>An XML configuration file located in the Host's
+          <em>configBase</em>. It must contain a single &lt;Context&gt; element
+          and may contain optional nested elements. It does not define an
+          explicit <em>docBase</em> attribute. It represents a single web
+          application. It is often referred to as a context.xml file.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td>XML+EW</td>
+      <td>An XML configuration file located in the Host's
+          <em>configBase</em>. It must contain a single &lt;Context&gt; element
+          and may contain optional nested elements. It includes an explicit
+          <em>docBase</em> attribute that points to an external WAR. It
+          represents a single web application. It is often referred to as a
+          context.xml file.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td>XML+ED</td>
+      <td>An XML configuration file located in the Host's
+          <em>configBase</em>. It must contain a single &lt;Context&gt; element
+          and may contain optional nested elements. It includes an explicit
+          <em>docBase</em> attribute that points to an external directory. It
+          represents a single web application. It is often referred to as a
+          context.xml file.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>A WAR file located in the Host's <em>appBase</em>. The WAR does
+          not include an embedded context.xml file.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td>WAR+XML</td>
+      <td>A WAR file located in the Host's <em>appBase</em>. The WAR does
+          include an embedded context.xml file.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>A directory located in the Host's <em>appBase</em>. The directory
+          does not include an embedded context.xml file.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td>DIR+XML</td>
+      <td>A directory located in the Host's <em>appBase</em>. The directory
+          does include an embedded context.xml file.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td>redeploy</td>
+      <td>The Context object that represents the web application is destroyed
+          and a new Context object is created. If present and permitted by the
+          configuration, this new Context object is created by parsing the
+          context.xml file. The web.xml file is parsed during the application
+          start process. Any sessions stored in the standard Manager in the
+          default configuration will not be persisted. Any requests to the web
+          application during the redeploy will be handled as if the web
+          application is not deployed.</td>
+    </tr><tr>
+      <td>reload</td>
+      <td>The Context object that represents the web application is stopped and
+          then started. The web.xml file is parsed during the application start
+          process. Any sessions stored in the standard Manager in the default
+          configuration will not be persisted. Any requests to the web
+          application during the reload will be held until the reload completes
+          at which point they will continue using the reloaded web application.
+          </td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+</div><h3 id="New_files">New files</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This section describes Tomcat's behaviour when the automatic
+  deployment process discovers a new web application.</p>
+
+  <table class="detail-table">
+    <tr>
+      <th rowspan="2">Starting artifact(s)</th>
+      <th colspan="3">Configuration Settings</th>
+      <th colspan="4">Result</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <th>deployXML</th><th>copyXML</th><th>unpackWARs</th>
+      <th>XML</th><th>WAR</th><th>DIR</th><th>Notes</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>either</td><td>either</td><td>either</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>1, 2, 3</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>XML+EW</td>
+      <td>either</td><td>either</td><td>false</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>1</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>XML+EW</td>
+      <td>either</td><td>either</td><td>true</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>1</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>XML+ED</td>
+      <td>either</td><td>either</td><td>either</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>1, 2</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>WAR+XML</td>
+      <td>false</td><td>either</td><td>false</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>4</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>WAR+XML</td>
+      <td>false</td><td>either</td><td>true</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>4</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>WAR+XML</td>
+      <td>true</td><td>false</td><td>false</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>WAR+XML</td>
+      <td>true</td><td>false</td><td>true</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>WAR+XML</td>
+      <td>true</td><td>true</td><td>false</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>WAR+XML</td>
+      <td>true</td><td>true</td><td>true</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>either</td><td>either</td><td>false</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>either</td><td>either</td><td>true</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>DIR+XML</td>
+      <td>false</td><td>either</td><td>either</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>4</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>DIR+XML</td>
+      <td>true</td><td>false</td><td>either</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>DIR+XML</td>
+      <td>true</td><td>true</td><td>either</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>false</td><td>either</td><td>either</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Deleted_files">Deleted files</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This section describes Tomcat's behaviour when the automatic
+  deployment process detects that a web application file has been deleted.</p>
+
+  <p>When a file is deleted or modified any redeploy resources that are listed
+  after the modified/deleted resource are themselves deleted (and possibly
+  re-created). The order of redeploy resources is:</p>
+
+  <ol>
+    <li>WAR</li>
+    <li>DIR</li>
+    <li>XML</li>
+    <li>global resources</li>
+  </ol>
+
+  <p>There are some exceptions to the deletion rule above:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>global resources are never deleted</li>
+    <li>external resources are never deleted</li>
+    <li>if the WAR or DIR has been modified then the XML file is only deleted if
+       <em>copyXML</em> is <code>true</code> and <em>deployXML</em> is
+       <code>true</code></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>In the following table:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>'-' means "unchanged from not present". i.e. the artifact wasn't present
+        before the change and isn't present after it either. '-' rather than 'N'
+        is used to focus attention on what changes.</li>
+    <li>'R' means that the directory is re-created by expanding the WAR file.
+        This will only happen if <em>unpackWARs</em> is <code>true</code>.</li>
+    <li>'XW' means that the if the WAR contains a META-INF/context.xml file it
+        will be extracted and placed in the Host's <em>configBase</em>.
+        This only happens if <em>copyXML</em> is <code>true</code> and
+        <em>deployXML</em> is <code>true</code>.</li>
+    <li>'XD' means that the if the directory contains a META-INF/context.xml
+        file it will be copied to the Host's <em>configBase</em>. This only
+        happens if <em>copyXML</em> is <code>true</code> and <em>deployXML</em>
+        is <code>true</code>.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <table class="detail-table">
+    <tr>
+      <th colspan="3">Artifacts present</th>
+      <th rowspan="2">Artifact removed</th>
+      <th colspan="4">Artifacts remaining</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <th>XML</th><th>WAR</th><th>DIR</th>
+      <th>XML</th><th>WAR</th><th>DIR</th><th>Notes</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>N</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>-</td><td>-</td><td>N</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>-</td><td>N</td><td>-</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>-</td><td>Y</td><td>R</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>-</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>-</td><td>N</td><td>5</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>XD</td><td>-</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>N</td><td>-</td><td>5</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>XW</td><td>Y</td><td>-</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>XW</td><td>Y</td><td>R</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>XW</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>-</td><td>3</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>-</td><td>6</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y (external)</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>-</td><td>N</td><td>3</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y (external)</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>-</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>6</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>R</td><td></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>3</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y (external)</td><td>N</td><td>6</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Modified_files">Modified files</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This section describes Tomcat's behaviour when the automatic
+  deployment process detects that a web application file has been modified.</p>
+
+  <p>In the following table:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>'-' means "unchanged from not present". i.e. the artifact wasn't present
+        before the change and isn't present after it either. '-' rather than 'N'
+        is used to focus attention on what changes.</li>
+    <li>'M' means that the artifact has been modified.</li>
+    <li>'R' means that the directory is deleted and re-created by expanding the
+        WAR file. This will only happen if <em>unpackWARs</em> is
+        <code>true</code>.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <table class="detail-table">
+    <tr>
+      <th colspan="3">Artifacts present</th>
+      <th rowspan="2">Artifact modified</th>
+      <th colspan="4">Artifacts remaining</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <th>XML</th><th>WAR</th><th>DIR</th>
+      <th>XML</th><th>WAR</th><th>DIR</th><th>Action</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>N</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>-</td><td>-</td><td>M</td><td>None</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>-</td><td>M</td><td>-</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>-</td><td>Y</td><td>M</td><td>None</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>N</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>-</td><td>M</td><td>R</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>M</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>-</td><td>M</td><td>None</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>M</td><td>-</td><td>Y</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>M</td><td>-</td><td>Reload</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>M</td><td>Y</td><td>-</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>M</td><td>None</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>M</td><td>R</td><td>Reload</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>M</td><td>Y</td><td>Y</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>M(external)</td><td>-</td><td>Reload</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>N</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>M</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>-</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y(external)</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>-</td><td>M(external)</td><td>None</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>N</td><td>Y(external)</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>M</td><td>-</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>DIR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>M</td><td>None</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>WAR</td>
+      <td>Y</td><td>M(external)</td><td>R</td><td>Reload</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>Y</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>Y</td>
+      <td>XML</td>
+      <td>M</td><td>Y(external)</td><td>Y</td><td>Redeploy</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Added_files">Added files</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This is treated as if the added file has been modified with the following
+  additional actions:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>If a WAR is added, any DIR is removed and may be recreated depending on
+        <em>unpackWARs</em>.</li>
+    <li>If an XML file is added that refers to an external <em>docBase</em> any
+        WAR or DIR in the appBase will be removed. The DIR may be recreated if
+        the external resource is a WAR and <em>unpackWARs</em> is true.</li>
+    <li>If a DIR is added when a WAR already exists and <em>unpackWARs</em> is
+        <code>false</code>, the DIR will be ignored but a warning will be
+        logged when the DIR is first detected. If the WAR is removed, the DIR
+        will be left and may be deployed via automatic deployment.</li>
+    <li>If a WAR is added to the <em>appBase</em> when an external WAR already
+        exists, the WAR in the <em>appBase</em> will be ignored but a warning
+        will be logged when the WAR in the <em>appBase</em> is first detected.
+        If the external WAR is removed, the WAR in the <em>appBase</em> will be
+        left and may be deployed via automatic deployment.</li>
+    <li>If an XML file is added to the META-INF directory of an application
+        deployed from that DIR, the application will always be redeployed. The
+        result will be the same as for a new deployment.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <ol>
+    <li><em>deployXML</em> and <em>copyXML</em> are ignored since an XML file
+        was discovered in the <em>configBase</em>.</li>
+    <li><em>unpackWARs</em> is ignored since there is no WAR file.</li>
+    <li>The context will fail to start because there is no content in the
+        expected <em>docBase</em>.</li>
+    <li>The web application fails to deploy because it contains an embedded
+        META-INF/context.xml, <em>deployXML</em> is <code>false</code> and an
+        XML has not been provided in the <em>configBase</em>.</li>
+    <li>The XML file is only deleted if <em>copyXML</em> is <code>true</code>
+        and <em>deployXML</em> is <code>true</code>.</li>
+    <li>Although the external resource is still present, the web application is
+        fully undeployed as Tomcat has no knowledge of the external resource.
+        </li>
+  </ol>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/cluster-channel.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/cluster-channel.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/cluster-channel.html
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Cluster Channel object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Cluster Channel object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  The cluster channel is the main component of a small framework we've nicknamed Apache Tribes.<br>
+  The channel manages a set of sub components and together they create a group communication framework.<br>
+  This framework is then used internally by the components that need to send messages between different Tomcat instances.
+  <br>
+  A few examples of these components would be the SimpleTcpCluster that does the messaging for the DeltaManager,
+  or the BackupManager that uses a different replication strategy. The ReplicatedContext object does also
+  use the channel object to communicate context attribute changes.
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a>:</b> <br>
+    The Membership component is responsible for auto discovering new nodes in the cluster
+    and also to provide for notifications for any nodes that have not responded with a heartbeat.
+    The default implementation uses multicast.<br>
+    In the membership component you configure how your nodes, aka. members, are to be discovered and/or
+    divided up.
+    You can always find out more about <a href="../tribes/introduction.html">Apache Tribes</a>
+  </p>
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a>:</b> <br>
+    The Sender component manages all outbound connections and data messages that are sent
+    over the network from one node to another.
+    This component allows messages to be sent in parallel.
+    The default implementation uses TCP client sockets, and socket tuning for outgoing messages are
+    configured here.<br>
+    You can always find out more about <a href="../tribes/introduction.html">Apache Tribes</a>
+  </p>
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-sender.html#transport">Channel/Sender/Transport</a>:</b> <br>
+    The Transport component is the bottom IO layer for the sender component.
+    The default implementation uses non-blocking TCP client sockets.<br>
+    You can always find out more about <a href="../tribes/introduction.html">Apache Tribes</a>
+  </p>
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a>:</b> <br>
+    The receiver component listens for messages from other nodes.
+    Here you will configure the cluster thread pool, as it will dispatch incoming
+    messages to a thread pool for faster processing.
+    The default implementation uses non-blocking TCP server sockets.<br>
+    You can always find out more about <a href="../tribes/introduction.html">Apache Tribes</a>
+  </p>
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a>:</b> <br>
+    The channel will send messages through an interceptor stack. Because of this, you have the ability to
+    customize the way messages are sent and received, and even how membership is handled.<br>
+    You can always find out more about <a href="../tribes/introduction.html">Apache Tribes</a>
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+       The default value here is <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel</code> and is
+       currently the only implementation available.
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">heartbeat</code></td><td>
+         Flag whether the channel manages its own heartbeat.
+         If set to true,  the channel start a local thread for the heart beat.
+         If set this flag to false, you must set SimpleTcpCluster#heartbeatBackgroundEnabled
+         to true. default value is true.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">heartbeatSleeptime</code></td><td>
+        If heartbeat == true, specifies the interval of heartbeat thread in milliseconds.
+        The default is 5000 (5 seconds).
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">optionCheck</code></td><td>
+        If set to true, the GroupChannel will check the option flags that each
+        interceptor is using. Reports an error if two interceptor share the same
+        flag. The default is false.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jmxEnabled</code></td><td>
+        Flag whether the channel components register with JMX or not.
+        The default value is true.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jmxDomain</code></td><td>
+        if <code>jmxEnabled</code> set to true, specifies the jmx domain which
+        this channel should be registered. The ClusterChannel is used as the
+        default value.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jmxPrefix</code></td><td>
+        if <code>jmxEnabled</code> set to true, specifies the jmx prefix which
+        will be used with channel ObjectName.
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/cluster-deployer.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/cluster-deployer.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/cluster-deployer.html
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Cluster Deployer object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Cluster Deployer object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer">org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer</a><ol><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>The Farm War Deployer can deploy and undeploy web applications on the other
+  nodes in the cluster.</p>
+  <p><strong>Note:</strong> FarmWarDeployer can be configured at host level
+  cluster only.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer">org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        The cluster deployer class, currently only one is available,
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer.</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">deployDir</code></strong></td><td>
+        Deployment directory. This is the pathname of a directory where deploy
+        the web applications. You may specify an absolute pathname, or a
+        pathname that is relative to the $CATALINA_BASE directory. In the
+        current implementation, this attribute must be the same value as the
+        <strong>Host's appBase</strong>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">tempDir</code></strong></td><td>
+        The temporaryDirectory to store binary data when downloading a war from
+        the cluster. You may specify an absolute pathname, or a pathname that is
+        relative to the $CATALINA_BASE directory.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">watchDir</code></td><td>
+        This is the pathname of a directory where watch for changes(add/modify/remove)
+        of web applications. You may specify an absolute pathname, or a pathname
+        that is relative to the $CATALINA_BASE directory.
+        <strong>Note: </strong> if <strong>watchEnabled</strong> is false, this
+        attribute will have no effect.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">watchEnabled</code></td><td>
+        Set to true if you want to watch for changes of web applications.
+        Only when this attribute set to true, you can trigger a deploy/undeploy
+        of web applications. The flag's value defaults to false.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">processDeployFrequency</code></td><td>
+        Frequency of the Farm watchDir check. Cluster wide deployment will be
+        done once for the specified amount of backgroundProcess calls (ie, the
+        lower the amount, the most often the checks will occur). The minimum
+        value is 1, and the default value is 2.
+        <strong>Note: </strong> if <strong>watchEnabled</strong> is false, this
+        attribute will have no effect.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxValidTime</code></td><td>
+        FileMessageFactory instances used by the FarmWarDeployer are only
+        retained while they are required. When receiving a WAR file, the
+        associated FileMessageFactory instance is deleted once the WAR file has
+        been fully received. To avoid memory leaks under various error
+        conditions (part of the file never received, very slow message transfer,
+        etc.), this attribute defines the maximum time permitted between
+        receiving valid messages that contain part of the WAR file. If that
+        maximum time is exceeded, the FileMessageFactory will be deleted and the
+        WAR file transfer will fail for that node. If a negative value is
+        specified, the FileMessageFactory will only be removed once the WAR file
+        is fully received. If not specified, the default value of 300 (5
+        minutes) will be used.
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/cluster-interceptor.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/cluster-interceptor.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Channel Interceptor object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Channel Interceptor object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Available_Interceptors">Available Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="#Static_Membership">Static Membership</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.DomainFilterInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.DomainFilterInterceptor Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.FragmentationInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.FragmentationInterceptor Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpPingInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpPingInterceptor Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.EncryptInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.EncryptInterceptor Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a><ol><li><a href="#StaticMember_Attributes">StaticMember Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+  Apache Tribes supports an interceptor architecture to intercept both messages and membership notifications.
+  This architecture allows decoupling of logic and opens the way for some very useful feature add-ons.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Available_Interceptors">Available Interceptors</h3><div class="text">
+   <ul>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.NonBlockingCoordinator</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.OrderInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.SimpleCoordinator</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.StaticMembershipInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TwoPhaseCommitInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.DomainFilterInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.FragmentationInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.GzipInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpPingInterceptor</code></li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.EncryptInterceptor</code></li>
+   </ul>
+</div><h3 id="Static_Membership">Static Membership</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+   In addition to dynamic discovery, Apache Tribes also supports static membership, with membership verification.
+   To achieve this add the <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.StaticMembershipInterceptor</code>
+   after the <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector</code> interceptor.
+   Inside the <code>StaticMembershipInterceptor</code> you can add the static members you wish to have.
+   The <code>TcpFailureDetector</code> will do a health check on the static members,and also monitor them for crashes
+   so they will have the same level of notification mechanism as the members that are automatically discovered.</p>
+   <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>     &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.StaticMembershipInterceptor"&gt;
+       &lt;LocalMember className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember"
+                  domain="staging-cluster"
+                  uniqueId="{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1}"/&gt;
+       &lt;Member className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember"
+                  port="5678"
+                  securePort="-1"
+                  host="tomcat01.mydomain.com"
+                  domain="staging-cluster"
+                  uniqueId="{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}"/&gt;
+     &lt;/Interceptor&gt;</code></pre></div>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+   <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+       Required, as there is no default
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">optionFlag</code></td><td>
+       If you want the interceptor to trigger on certain message depending on the message's option flag,
+       you can setup the interceptors flag here.
+       The default value is <code>0</code>, meaning this interceptor will trigger on all messages.
+     </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.DomainFilterInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.DomainFilterInterceptor Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+   <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">domain</code></strong></td><td>
+       The logical cluster domain that this Interceptor accepts.
+       Two different type of values are possible:<br>
+       1. Regular string values like "staging-domain" or "tomcat-cluster" will be converted into bytes
+       using ISO-8859-1 encoding.<br>
+       2. byte array in string form, for example {216,123,12,3}<br>
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logInterval</code></td><td>
+       This value indicates the interval for logging for messages from different domains.
+       The default is 100, which means that to log  per 100 messages.
+     </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.FragmentationInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.FragmentationInterceptor Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+   <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">expire</code></td><td>
+       How long do we keep the fragments in memory and wait for the rest to arrive.
+       The default is 60000 ms.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxSize</code></td><td>
+       The maximum message size in bytes. If the message size exceeds this value, this interceptor fragments the message and sends them.
+       If it is less than this value, this interceptor does not fragment the message and sent in as one message. The default is 1024*100.
+     </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+   <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">optionFlag</code></td><td>
+       The default and hard coded value is <code>8 (org.apache.catalina.tribes.Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS)</code>.
+       The dispatcher will trigger on this value only, as it is predefined by Tribes.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">alwaysSend</code></td><td>
+       What behavior should be executed when the dispatch queue is full. If <code>true</code> (default), then the message is
+       is sent synchronously, if <code>false</code> an error is thrown.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxQueueSize</code></td><td>
+       Size in bytes of the dispatch queue, the default value is <code> 1024*1024*64 (64MB)</code> sets the maximum queue size for the dispatch queue
+       if the queue fills up, one can trigger the behavior, if <code>alwaysSend</code> is set to true, the message will be sent synchronously
+       if the flag is false, an error is thrown
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxThreads</code></td><td>
+       The maximum number of threads in this pool, default is 10.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxSpareThreads</code></td><td>
+       The number of threads to keep in the pool, default is 2.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keepAliveTime</code></td><td>
+       Maximum number of milliseconds of until Idle thread terminates. Default value is 5000(5 seconds).
+     </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+   <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectTimeout</code></td><td>
+       Specifies the timeout, in milliseconds, to use when attempting a TCP connection
+       to the suspect node. Default is 1000.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">performSendTest</code></td><td>
+       If true is set, send a test message to the suspect node. Default is true.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">performReadTest</code></td><td>
+       If true is set, read the response of the test message that sent. Default is false.
+       <strong>Note:</strong> if <code>performSendTest</code> is false, this attribute will have no effect.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">readTestTimeout</code></td><td>
+       Specifies the timeout, in milliseconds, to use when performing a read test
+       to the suspicious node. Default is 5000.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">removeSuspectsTimeout</code></td><td>
+       The maximum time(in seconds)  for remove from removeSuspects. Member of
+       removeSuspects will be automatically removed after removeSuspectsTimeout.
+       If a negative value specified, the removeSuspects members never be
+       removed until disappeared really. If the attribute is not provided,
+       a default of 300 seconds (5 minutes) is used.
+     </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpPingInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpPingInterceptor Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+   <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">interval</code></td><td>
+       If useThread == true, defines the interval of sending a ping message.
+       default is 1000 ms.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useThread</code></td><td>
+       Flag of whether to start a thread for sending a ping message.
+       If set to true, this interceptor will start a local thread for sending a ping message.
+       if set to false, channel heartbeat will send a ping message.
+       default is false.
+     </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+   <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">interval</code></td><td>
+       Defines the interval in number of messages when we are to report the throughput statistics.
+       The report is logged to the <code>org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getLog(ThroughputInterceptor.class)</code>
+       logger under the <code>INFO</code> level.
+       Default value is to report every <code>10000</code> messages.
+     </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.EncryptInterceptor_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.EncryptInterceptor Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+   <p>
+     The EncryptInterceptor adds encryption to the channel messages carrying
+     session data between nodes. Added in Tomcat 9.0.13.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+     If using the <code>TcpFailureDetector</code>, the <code>EncryptInterceptor</code>
+     <i>must</i> be inserted into the interceptor chain <i>before</i> the
+     <code>TcpFailureDetector</code>. This is because when validating cluster
+     members, <code>TcpFailureDetector</code> writes channel data directly
+     to the other members without using the remainder of the interceptor chain,
+     but on the receiving side, the message still goes through the chain (in reverse).
+     Because of this asymmetry, the <code>EncryptInterceptor</code> must execute
+     <i>before</i> the <code>TcpFailureDetector</code> on the sender and <i>after</i>
+     it on the receiver, otherwise message corruption will occur.
+   </p>
+   <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">encryptionAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+       The encryption algorithm to be used, including the mode and padding. Please see
+       <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html</a>
+       for the standard JCA names that can be used.
+
+       EncryptInterceptor currently supports the following
+       <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation">block-cipher modes</a>:
+       CBC, OFB, CFB, and GCM.
+
+       The length of the key will specify the flavor of the encryption algorithm
+       to be used, if applicable (e.g. AES-128 versus AES-256).
+
+       The default algorithm is <code>AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding</code>.
+     </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">encryptionKey</code></strong></td><td>
+       The key to be used with the encryption algorithm.
+
+       The key should be specified as hex-encoded bytes of the appropriate
+       length for the algorithm (e.g. 16 bytes / 32 characters / 128 bits for
+       AES-128, 32 bytes / 64 characters / 256 bits for AES-256, etc.).
+     </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="StaticMember_Attributes">StaticMember Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <p><b>LocalMember:</b> <br>
+    Static member that is the local member of the static cluster group.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        Only one implementation available:<code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">port</code></td><td>
+        There is no need to set.
+        The value of this attribute inherits from the cluster receiver setting.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePort</code></td><td>
+        There is no need to set.
+        The value of this attribute inherits from the cluster receiver setting.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">host</code></td><td>
+        There is no need to set.
+        The value of this attribute inherits from the cluster receiver setting.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">domain</code></td><td>
+        The logical cluster domain for that this static member listens for cluster messages.
+        Two different type of values are possible:<br>
+        1. Regular string values like "staging-domain" or "tomcat-cluster" will be converted into bytes
+        using ISO-8859-1 encoding.
+        2. byte array in string form, for example {216,123,12,3}<br>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">uniqueId</code></strong></td><td>
+        A universally uniqueId for this static member.
+        The values must be 16 bytes in the following form:<br>
+        1. byte array in string form, for example {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}<br>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p><b>Member:</b> <br>
+    Static member that add to the static cluster group.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        Only one implementation available:<code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">port</code></strong></td><td>
+        The port that this static member listens to for cluster messages
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePort</code></td><td>
+        The secure port this static member listens to for encrypted cluster messages
+        default value is <code>-1</code>, this value means the member is not listening on a secure port
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">host</code></strong></td><td>
+        The host (or network interface) that this static member listens for cluster messages.
+        Three different type of values are possible:<br>
+        1. IP address in the form of "216.123.1.23"<br>
+        2. Hostnames like "tomcat01.mydomain.com" or "tomcat01" as long as they resolve correctly<br>
+        3. byte array in string form, for example {216,123,12,3}<br>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">domain</code></td><td>
+        The logical cluster domain for that this static member listens for cluster messages.
+        Two different type of values are possible:<br>
+        1. Regular string values like "staging-domain" or "tomcat-cluster" will be converted into bytes
+        using ISO-8859-1 encoding.<br>
+        2. byte array in string form, for example {216,123,12,3}<br>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">uniqueId</code></strong></td><td>
+        A universally uniqueId for this static member.
+        The values must be 16 bytes in the following form:<br>
+        1. byte array in string form, for example {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}<br>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The ClusterListener object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The ClusterListener object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener">org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    The <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.ClusterListener</code> base class
+    lets you listen in on messages that are received by the <code>Cluster</code> component.
+  </p>
+
+</div><h3 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener">org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+   When using the DeltaManager, the messages are received by the Cluster object and are propagated to the
+   to the manager through this listener.
+   </p>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        Set value to <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener</code>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The ClusterManager object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The ClusterManager object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#The_<Manager>">The &lt;Manager&gt;</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>A cluster manager is an extension to Tomcat's session manager interface,
+  <code>org.apache.catalina.Manager</code>.
+  A cluster manager must implement the
+  <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.ClusterManager</code> and is solely  responsible
+  for how the session is replicated.<br>
+  There are currently two different managers, the
+  <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager</code> replicates deltas of
+  session data to all members in the cluster. This implementation is proven and
+  works very well, but has a limitation as it requires the cluster members to be
+  homogeneous, all nodes must deploy the same applications and be exact
+  replicas. The <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager</code> also
+  replicates deltas but only to one backup node. The location of the backup node
+  is known to all nodes in the cluster. It also supports heterogeneous
+  deployments, so the manager knows at what locations the web application is
+  deployed.</p>
+</div><h3 id="The_<Manager>">The &lt;Manager&gt;</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>The <code>&lt;Manager&gt;</code> element defined inside the
+  <code>&lt;Cluster&gt;</code> element is the template defined for all web
+  applications that are marked <code>&lt;distributable/&gt;</code> in their
+  <code>web.xml</code> file. However, you can still override the manager
+  implementation on a per web application basis, by putting the
+  <code>&lt;Manager&gt;</code> inside the <code>&lt;Context&gt;</code> element
+  either in the <code><a href="context.html">context.xml</a></code> file or the
+  <code><a href="index.html">server.xml</a></code> file.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">name</code></td><td>
+        <b>The name of this cluster manager, the name is used to identify a
+        session manager on a node. The name might get modified by the
+        <code>Cluster</code> element to make it unique in the container.</b>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">notifyListenersOnReplication</code></td><td>
+        Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to have session listeners notified
+        when session attributes are being replicated or removed across Tomcat
+        nodes in the cluster.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">processExpiresFrequency</code></td><td>
+        <p>Frequency of the session expiration, and related manager operations.
+        Manager operations will be done once for the specified amount of
+        backgroundProcess calls (i.e., the lower the amount, the more often the
+        checks will occur). The minimum value is 1, and the default value is 6.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class that extends
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> to use to generate session IDs.
+        If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomProvider</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the provider to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the Manager
+        will use the platform default provider and the default algorithm. If not
+        specified, the platform default provider will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the algorithm to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the Manager
+        will use the platform default provider and the default algorithm. If not
+        specified, the default algorithm of SHA1PRNG will be used. If the
+        default algorithm is not supported, the platform default will be used.
+        To specify that the platform default should be used, do not set the
+        secureRandomProvider attribute and set this attribute to the empty
+        string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">recordAllActions</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag whether send all actions for session across Tomcat cluster
+        nodes. If set to false, if already done something to the same attribute,
+        make sure don't send multiple actions across Tomcat cluster nodes.
+        In that case, sends only the actions that have been added at last.
+        Default is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">expireSessionsOnShutdown</code></td><td>
+        When a web application is being shutdown, Tomcat issues an expire call
+        to each session to notify all the listeners. If you wish for all
+        sessions to expire on all nodes when a shutdown occurs on one node, set
+        this value to <code>true</code>.
+        Default value is <code>false</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxActiveSessions</code></td><td>
+        The maximum number of active sessions that will be created by this
+        Manager, or -1 (the default) for no limit. For this manager, all
+        sessions are counted as active sessions irrespective if whether or not
+        the current node is the primary node for the session.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">notifySessionListenersOnReplication</code></td><td>
+        Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to have session listeners notified
+        when sessions are created and expired across Tomcat nodes in the
+        cluster.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">notifyContainerListenersOnReplication</code></td><td>
+        Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to have container listeners notified
+        across Tomcat nodes in the cluster.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">persistAuthenticationNotes</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) be
+        included when sessions are replicated? If <code>true</code>, the
+        session's authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) are
+        replicated so that an in progress FORM authentication can continue if
+        failover occurs during FORM authentication. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+
+        <p>Please note that all nodes must be upgraded to at least 9.0.66 (the
+        version where this feature was introduced) before this feature is
+        enabled else session replication may fail.</p>
+
+        <p>This attribute has been removed for Tomcat 10.1.x onwards which
+        always replicates FORM authenticaton notes.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">stateTransferTimeout</code></td><td>
+        The time in seconds to wait for a session state transfer to complete
+        from another node when a node is starting up.
+        Default value is <code>60</code> seconds.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendAllSessions</code></td><td>
+        Flag whether send sessions as split blocks.
+        If set to <code>true</code>, send all sessions as one big block.
+        If set to <code>false</code>, send sessions as split blocks.
+        Default value is <code>true</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendAllSessionsSize</code></td><td>
+        The number of sessions in a session block message. This value is
+        effective only when <code>sendAllSessions</code> is <code>false</code>.
+        Default is <code>1000</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendAllSessionsWaitTime</code></td><td>
+        Wait time between sending of session block messages. This value is
+        effective only when <code>sendAllSessions</code> is <code>false</code>.
+        Default is <code>2000</code> milliseconds.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAttributeNameFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
+        replicated. An attribute will only be replicated if its name matches
+        this pattern. If the pattern is zero length or <code>null</code>, all
+        attributes are eligible for replication. The pattern is anchored so the
+        session attribute name must fully match the pattern. As an example, the
+        value <code>(userName|sessionHistory)</code> will only replicate the
+        two session attributes named <code>userName</code> and
+        <code>sessionHistory</code>. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>null</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
+        replicated. An attribute will only be replicated if the implementation
+        class name of the value matches this pattern. If the pattern is zero
+        length or <code>null</code>, all attributes are eligible for
+        replication. The pattern is anchored so the fully qualified class name
+        must fully match the pattern. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>null</code> will be used unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is
+        enabled in which case the default will be
+        <code>java\\.lang\\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">stateTimestampDrop</code></td><td>
+        When this node sends a <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> message to other
+        node, all session messages that are received as a response are queued.
+        If this attribute is set to <code>true</code>, the received session
+        messages (except any <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> sent by other nodes)
+        are filtered by their timestamp. A message is dropped if it is not a
+        <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> message and its timestamp is earlier than
+        the timestamp of our <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> message.
+        If set to <code>false</code>, all queued session messages are handled.
+        Default is <code>true</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">warnOnSessionAttributeFilterFailure</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <strong>sessionAttributeNameFilter</strong> or
+        <strong>sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</strong> blocks an
+        attribute, should this be logged at <code>WARN</code> level? If
+        <code>WARN</code> level logging is disabled then it will be logged at
+        <code>DEBUG</code>. The default value of this attribute is
+        <code>false</code> unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is enabled in
+        which case the default will be <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager_Attributes">org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">mapSendOptions</code></td><td>
+        The backup manager uses a replicated map, this map is sending and
+        receiving messages. You can setup the flag for how this map is sending
+        messages, the default value is <code>6</code>(synchronous).<br>
+        Note that if you use asynchronous messaging it is possible for update
+        messages for a session to be processed by the receiving node in a
+        different order to the order in which they were sent.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxActiveSessions</code></td><td>
+        The maximum number of active sessions that will be created by this
+        Manager, or -1 (the default) for no limit. For this manager, only
+        sessions where the current node is the primary node for the session are
+        considered active sessions.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">persistAuthenticationNotes</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) be
+        included when sessions are replicated? If <code>true</code>, the
+        session's authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) are
+        replicated so that an in progress FORM authentication can continue if
+        failover occurs during FORM authentication. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+
+        <p>Please note that all nodes must be upgraded to at least 9.0.66 (the
+        version where this feature was introduced) before this feature is
+        enabled else session replication may fail.</p>
+
+        <p>This attribute has been removed for Tomcat 10.1.x onwards which
+        always replicates FORM authenticaton notes.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rpcTimeout</code></td><td>
+        Timeout for RPC message used for broadcast and transfer state from
+        another map.
+        Default value is <code>15000</code> milliseconds.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAttributeNameFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
+        replicated. An attribute will only be replicated if its name matches
+        this pattern. If the pattern is zero length or <code>null</code>, all
+        attributes are eligible for replication. The pattern is anchored so the
+        session attribute name must fully match the pattern. As an example, the
+        value <code>(userName|sessionHistory)</code> will only replicate the
+        two session attributes named <code>userName</code> and
+        <code>sessionHistory</code>. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>null</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
+        replicated. An attribute will only be replicated if the implementation
+        class name of the value matches this pattern. If the pattern is zero
+        length or <code>null</code>, all attributes are eligible for
+        replication. The pattern is anchored so the fully qualified class name
+        must fully match the pattern. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>null</code> will be used unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is
+        enabled in which case the default will be
+        <code>java\\.lang\\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">terminateOnStartFailure</code></td><td>
+        Set to true if you wish to terminate replication map when replication
+        map fails to start. If replication map is terminated, associated context
+        will fail to start. If you set this attribute to false, replication map
+        does not end. It will try to join the map membership in the heartbeat.
+        Default value is <code>false</code> .
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">warnOnSessionAttributeFilterFailure</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <strong>sessionAttributeNameFilter</strong> or
+        <strong>sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</strong> blocks an
+        attribute, should this be logged at <code>WARN</code> level? If
+        <code>WARN</code> level logging is disabled then it will be logged at
+        <code>DEBUG</code>. The default value of this attribute is
+        <code>false</code> unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is enabled in
+        which case the default will be <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">accessTimeout</code></td><td>
+        The timeout for a ping message. If a remote map does not respond within
+        this timeout period, its regarded as disappeared.
+        Default value is <code>5000</code> milliseconds.
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+  <h3>All Manager Implementations</h3>
+  <p>All Manager implementations allow nesting of a
+  <strong>&lt;SessionIdGenerator&gt;</strong> element. It defines
+  the behavior of session id generation.  All implementations
+  of the <a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a> allow the
+  following attributes:
+  </p>
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionIdLength</code></td><td>
+      <p>The length of the session ID may be changed with the
+      <strong>sessionIdLength</strong> attribute.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Cluster Membership object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Cluster Membership object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Default_Implementation">Default Implementation</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Multicast_Attributes">Multicast Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Static_Membership_Attributes">Static Membership Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a><ol><li><a href="#StaticMember_Attributes">StaticMember Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Setting">Setting</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    The membership component in the Apache Tribes <a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a> is responsible
+    for dynamic discovery of other members(nodes) in the cluster.
+    There are currently two different membership service, the <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService</code>
+    and the <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMembershipService</code>.
+    The <code>McastService</code> builds a multicast based membership service
+    that sends UDP packets to multicast IP addresses.
+    The <code>StaticMembershipService</code> builds  a unicast based membership
+    service that sends TCP packets to predefined member address.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Default_Implementation">Default Implementation</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    The default implementation of the cluster group notification is built on top of multicast heartbeats
+    sent using UDP packets to a multicast IP address.
+    Cluster members are grouped together by using the same multicast address/port combination.
+    Each member sends out a heartbeat with a given interval (<code>frequency</code>), and this
+    heartbeat is used for dynamic discovery.
+    In a similar fashion, if a heartbeat has not been received in a timeframe specified by <code>dropTime</code>
+    ms. a member is considered suspect and the channel and any membership listener will be notified.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>
+        The implementation of the membership component.
+        Two implementations available, <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService</code>
+        and <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMembershipService</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Multicast_Attributes">Multicast Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>
+      The value is <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService</code>.
+      This implementation uses multicast heartbeats for member discovery.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">address</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      The multicast address that the membership will broadcast its presence and listen
+      for other heartbeats on. The default value is <code>228.0.0.4</code>
+      Make sure your network is enabled for multicast traffic.<br>
+      The multicast address, in conjunction with the <code>port</code> is what
+      creates a cluster group. To divide up your farm into several different group, or to
+      split up QA from production, change the <code>port</code> or the <code>address</code>
+      <br>Previously known as mcastAddr.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">port</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      The multicast port, the default value is <code>45564</code><br>
+      The multicast port, in conjunction with the <code>address</code> is what
+      creates a cluster group. To divide up your farm into several different group, or to
+      split up QA from production, change the <code>port</code> or the <code>address</code>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">frequency</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      The frequency in milliseconds in which heartbeats are sent out. The default value is <code>500</code> ms.<br>
+      In most cases the default value is sufficient. Changing this value, simply changes the interval in between heartbeats.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">dropTime</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      The membership component will time out members and notify the Channel if a member fails to send a heartbeat within
+      a give time. The default value is <code>3000</code> ms. This means, that if a heartbeat is not received from a
+      member in that timeframe, the membership component will notify the cluster of this.<br>
+      On a high latency network you may wish to increase this value, to protect against false positives.<br>
+      Apache Tribes also provides a <a href="cluster-interceptor.html#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector_Attributes"><code>TcpFailureDetector</code></a> that will
+      verify a timeout using a TCP connection when a heartbeat timeout has occurred. This protects against false positives.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">bind</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      Use this attribute if you wish to bind your multicast traffic to a specific network interface.
+      By default, or when this attribute is unset, it tries to bind to <code>0.0.0.0</code> and sometimes on multihomed hosts
+      this becomes a problem.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ttl</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      The time-to-live setting for the multicast heartbeats.
+      This setting should be a value between 0 and 255. The default value is VM implementation specific.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">domain</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      Apache Tribes has the ability to logically group members into domains, by using this domain attribute.
+      The <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.Member.getDomain()</code> method returns the value specified here.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      The sending and receiving of heartbeats is done on a single thread, hence to avoid blocking this thread forever,
+      you can control the <code>SO_TIMEOUT</code> value on this socket.<br>
+      If a value smaller or equal to 0 is presented, the code will default this value to frequency
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">recoveryEnabled</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      In case of a network failure, Java multicast socket don't transparently fail over, instead the socket will continuously
+      throw IOException upon each receive request. When recoveryEnabled is set to true, this will close the multicast socket
+      and open a new socket with the same properties as defined above.<br>
+      The default is <code>true</code>. <br>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">recoveryCounter</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      When <code>recoveryEnabled==true</code> this value indicates how many
+      times an error has to occur before recovery is attempted. The default is
+      <code>10</code>. <br>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">recoverySleepTime</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      When <code>recoveryEnabled==true</code> this value indicates how long time (in milliseconds)
+      the system will sleep in between recovery attempts, until it recovers successfully.
+      The default is <code>5000</code> (5 seconds). <br>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">localLoopbackDisabled</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+      Membership uses multicast, it will call <code>java.net.MulticastSocket.setLoopbackMode(localLoopbackDisabled)</code>.
+      When <code>localLoopbackDisabled==true</code> multicast messages will not reach other nodes on the same local machine.
+      The default is <code>false</code>. <br>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Static_Membership_Attributes">Static Membership Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>When using the static membership service you must ensure that the
+    <code>channelStartOptions</code> attribute of the <code>Cluster</code>
+    element is set to the default value of <code>15</code>.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>
+        The value is <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMembershipService</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>
+        Timeout for attempting a TCP connection to address of predefined static member.
+        Default is <code>500</code> ms.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">expirationTime</code></td><td>
+        <p>
+        If members have failed to update their alive time within the given time,
+        this membership will notify the memberDisappeared event to cluster.
+        Default is <code>5000</code> ms.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rpcTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>
+        Timeout for messages that used for member notification to/from othee nodes.
+        Default is <code>3000</code> ms.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useThread</code></td><td>
+        <p>
+        If set to true, this membership service will start a local thread for
+        sending a ping message. if set to <code>false</code>, channel heartbeat
+        will send a ping message. Default is <code>false</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pingInterval</code></td><td>
+        <p>
+        If <code>useThread</code> == <code>true</code>, defines the interval of
+        sending a ping message. Default is <code>1000</code> ms.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+  Static Membership Service allows nesting of a <strong>&lt;LocalMember&gt;</strong>
+  and <strong>&lt;Member&gt;</strong> element.
+  </p>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="StaticMember_Attributes">StaticMember Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <p><b>LocalMember:</b> <br>
+    Static member that is the local member of the static cluster group.
+    </p>
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> In Tomcat 9.0.17 and later, The setting of local member is not required.
+    It is possible to set up a list of all cluster members including local member instead of setting this components.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        Only one implementation available:<code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">port</code></td><td>
+        There is no need to set.
+        The value of this attribute inherits from the cluster receiver setting.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePort</code></td><td>
+        There is no need to set.
+        The value of this attribute inherits from the cluster receiver setting.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">host</code></td><td>
+        There is no need to set.
+        The value of this attribute inherits from the cluster receiver setting.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">domain</code></td><td>
+        The logical cluster domain for that this static member listens for cluster messages.
+        Two different type of values are possible:<br>
+        1. Regular string values like "staging-domain" or "tomcat-cluster" will be converted into bytes
+        using ISO-8859-1 encoding.
+        2. byte array in string form, for example {216,123,12,3}<br>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">uniqueId</code></strong></td><td>
+        A universally uniqueId for this static member.
+        The values must be 16 bytes in the following form:<br>
+        1. byte array in string form, for example {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}<br>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p><b>Member:</b> <br>
+    Static member that add to the static cluster group.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        Only one implementation available:<code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">port</code></strong></td><td>
+        The port that this static member listens to for cluster messages
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePort</code></td><td>
+        The secure port this static member listens to for encrypted cluster messages
+        default value is <code>-1</code>, this value means the member is not listening on a secure port
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">host</code></strong></td><td>
+        The host (or network interface) that this static member listens for cluster messages.
+        Three different type of values are possible:<br>
+        1. IP address in the form of "216.123.1.23"<br>
+        2. Hostnames like "tomcat01.mydomain.com" or "tomcat01" as long as they resolve correctly<br>
+        3. byte array in string form, for example {216,123,12,3}<br>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">domain</code></td><td>
+        The logical cluster domain for that this static member listens for cluster messages.
+        Two different type of values are possible:<br>
+        1. Regular string values like "staging-domain" or "tomcat-cluster" will be converted into bytes
+        using ISO-8859-1 encoding.<br>
+        2. byte array in string form, for example {216,123,12,3}<br>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">uniqueId</code></strong></td><td>
+        A universally uniqueId for this static member.
+        The values must be 16 bytes in the following form:<br>
+        1. byte array in string form, for example {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}<br>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Setting">Setting</h4><div class="text">
+    <p><b>Before Tomcat 9.0.16</b> <br>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>     &lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMembershipService"&gt;
+       &lt;LocalMember className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember"
+                  uniqueId="{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}"/&gt;
+       &lt;Member className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember"
+                  port="4004"
+                  host="tomcat02.mydomain.com"
+                  uniqueId="{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1}"/&gt;
+     &lt;/Membership&gt;</code></pre></div>
+     </p>
+     <p><b>Tomcat9.0.17 and later</b> <br>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>     &lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMembershipService"&gt;
+       &lt;Member className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember"
+                  port="4004"
+                  host="tomcat01.mydomain.com"
+                  uniqueId="{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}"/&gt;
+       &lt;Member className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMember"
+                  port="4004"
+                  host="tomcat02.mydomain.com"
+                  uniqueId="{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,1}"/&gt;
+     &lt;/Membership&gt;</code></pre></div>
+     </p>
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Cluster Receiver object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Cluster Receiver object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Blocking_vs_Non-Blocking_Receiver">Blocking vs Non-Blocking Receiver</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#NioReceiver">NioReceiver</a></li><li><a href="#BioReceiver">BioReceiver</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+  The receiver component is responsible for receiving cluster messages.
+  As you might notice through the configuration, is that the receiving of messages
+  and sending of messages are two different components, this is different from many other
+  frameworks, but there is a good reason for it, to decouple the logic for how messages are sent from
+  how messages are received.<br>
+  The receiver is very much like the Tomcat Connector, its the base of the thread pool
+  for incoming cluster messages. The receiver is straight forward, but all the socket settings
+  for incoming traffic are managed here.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Blocking_vs_Non-Blocking_Receiver">Blocking vs Non-Blocking Receiver</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+  The receiver supports both a non blocking, <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver</code>, and a
+  blocking, <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.bio.BioReceiver</code>. It is preferred to use the non blocking receiver
+  to be able to grow your cluster without running into thread starvation.<br>
+  Using the non blocking receiver allows you to with a very limited thread count to serve a large number of messages.
+  Usually the rule is to use 1 thread per node in the cluster for small clusters, and then depending on your message frequency
+  and your hardware, you'll find an optimal number of threads peak out at a certain number.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      The implementation of the receiver component. Two implementations available,
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver</code> and
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.bio.BioReceiver</code>.<br>
+      The <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver</code> is the
+      preferred implementation
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">address</code></td><td>
+      The address (network interface) to listen for incoming traffic.
+      Same as the bind address. The default value is <code>auto</code> and translates to
+      <code>java.net.InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()</code>.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">direct</code></td><td>
+      Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+      Set to true if you want the receiver to use direct bytebuffers when reading data
+      from the sockets.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">port</code></td><td>
+      The listen port for incoming data. The default value is <code>4000</code>.
+      To avoid port conflicts the receiver will automatically bind to a free port within the range of
+      <code> port &lt;= bindPort &lt; port+autoBind</code>
+      So for example, if port is 4000, and autoBind is set to 10, then the receiver will open up
+      a server socket on the first available port in the range 4000-4009.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">autoBind</code></td><td>
+      Default value is <code>100</code>.
+      Use this value if you wish to automatically avoid port conflicts the cluster receiver will try to open a
+      server socket on the <code>port</code> attribute port, and then work up <code>autoBind</code> number of times.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePort</code></td><td>
+      The secure listen port. This port is SSL enabled. If this attribute is omitted no SSL port is opened up.
+      There default value is unset, meaning there is no SSL socket available.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">udpPort</code></td><td>
+      The UDP listen port. If this attribute is omitted no UDP port is opened up.
+      There default value is unset, meaning there is no UDP listener available.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">selectorTimeout</code></td><td>
+      The value in milliseconds for the polling timeout in the <code>NioReceiver</code>. On older versions of the JDK
+      there have been bugs, that should all now be cleared out where the selector never woke up.
+      The default value is a very high <code>5000</code> milliseconds.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxThreads</code></td><td>
+      The maximum number of threads in the receiver thread pool. The default value is <code>15</code>
+      Adjust this value relative to the number of nodes in the cluster, the number of messages being exchanged and
+      the hardware you are running on. A higher value doesn't mean more efficiency, tune this value according to your
+      own test results.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">minThreads</code></td><td>
+      Minimum number of threads to be created when the receiver is started up. Default value is <code>6</code>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxIdleTime</code></td><td>
+      Maximum number of milliseconds of until Idle thread terminates. Default value is <code>60000</code> milliseconds.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ooBInline</code></td><td>
+      Boolean value for the socket OOBINLINE option. Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rxBufSize</code></td><td>
+      The receiver buffer size on the receiving sockets. Value is in bytes, the default value is <code>65536</code> bytes.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">txBufSize</code></td><td>
+      The sending buffer size on the receiving sockets. Value is in bytes, the default value is <code>25188</code> bytes.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">udpRxBufSize</code></td><td>
+        The receive buffer size on the datagram socket.
+        Default value is <code>25188</code> bytes.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">udpTxBufSize</code></td><td>
+       The send buffer size on the datagram socket.
+       Default value is <code>65536</code> bytes.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soKeepAlive</code></td><td>
+      Boolean value for the socket SO_KEEPALIVE option. Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soLingerOn</code></td><td>
+      Boolean value to determine whether to use the SO_LINGER socket option.
+      Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>. Default value is <code>true</code>.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soLingerTime</code></td><td>
+      Sets the SO_LINGER socket option time value. The value is in seconds.
+      The default value is <code>3</code> seconds.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soReuseAddress</code></td><td>
+     Boolean value for the socket SO_REUSEADDR option. Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tcpNoDelay</code></td><td>
+     Boolean value for the socket TCP_NODELAY option. Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+     The default value is <code>true</code>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">timeout</code></td><td>
+     Sets the SO_TIMEOUT option on the socket. The value is in milliseconds and the default value is <code>3000</code>
+     milliseconds.
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useBufferPool</code></td><td>
+     Boolean value whether to use a shared buffer pool of cached <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.io.XByteBuffer</code>
+     objects. If set to true, the XByteBuffer that is used to pass a message up the channel, will be recycled at the end
+     of the requests. This means that interceptors in the channel must not maintain a reference to the object
+     after the <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.ChannelInterceptor#messageReceived</code> method has exited.
+    </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="NioReceiver">NioReceiver</h4><div class="text">
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="BioReceiver">BioReceiver</h4><div class="text">
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Cluster Sender object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Cluster Sender object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Concurrent_Parallel_Delivery">Concurrent Parallel Delivery</a></li><li><a href="#Nested_Elements">Nested Elements</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Sender_Attributes">Common Sender Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Common_Transport_Attributes">Common Transport Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Common_PooledSender_Attributes">Common PooledSender Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+  The channel sender component is responsible for delivering outgoing cluster messages over the network.
+  In the default implementation, <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter</code>,
+  the sender is a fairly empty shell with not much logic around a fairly complex <code>&lt;Transport&gt;</code>
+  component the implements the actual delivery mechanism.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Concurrent_Parallel_Delivery">Concurrent Parallel Delivery</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+  In the default <code>transport</code> implementation, <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender</code>,
+  Apache Tribes implements what we like to call "Concurrent Parallel Delivery".
+  This means that we can send a message to more than one destination at the same time(parallel), and
+  deliver two messages to the same destination at the same time(concurrent). Combine these two and we have
+  "Concurrent Parallel Delivery".
+  </p>
+  <p>
+  When is this useful? The simplest example we can think of is when part of your code is sending a 10MB message,
+  like a war file being deployed, and you need to push through a small 10KB message, say a session being replicated,
+  you don't have to wait for the 10MB message to finish, as a separate thread will push in the small message
+  transmission at the same time. Currently there is no interrupt, pause or priority mechanism available, but check back soon.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Elements">Nested Elements</h3><div class="text">
+ <p>
+   The nested element <code>&lt;Transport&gt;</code> is not required, but encouraged, as this is where
+   you would set all the socket options for the outgoing messages. Please see its attributes below.
+   There are two implementations, in a similar manner to the <a href="cluster-receiver.html">receiver</a>, one is non-blocking
+   based and the other is built using blocking IO. <br>
+   <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.bio.PooledMultiSender</code> is the blocking implementation and
+   <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender</code>.
+   Parallel delivery is not available for the blocking implementation due to the fact that it is blocking a thread on sending data.
+ </p>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Sender_Attributes">Common Sender Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        Required, only available implementation is <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter</code>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Transport_Attributes">Common Transport Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        Required, an implementation of the <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.MultiPointSender</code>.<br>
+        Non-blocking implementation is <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender</code><br>
+        Blocking implementation is <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.bio.PooledMultiSender</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rxBufSize</code></td><td>
+        The receive buffer size on the socket.
+        Default value is <code>25188</code> bytes.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">txBufSize</code></td><td>
+       The send buffer size on the socket.
+       Default value is <code>65536</code> bytes.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">udpRxBufSize</code></td><td>
+        The receive buffer size on the datagram socket.
+        Default value is <code>25188</code> bytes.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">udpTxBufSize</code></td><td>
+       The send buffer size on the datagram socket.
+       Default value is <code>65536</code> bytes.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">directBuffer</code></td><td>
+       Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+       Set to true if you want the receiver to use direct bytebuffers when writing data
+       to the sockets. Default value is <code>false</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keepAliveCount</code></td><td>
+       The number of requests that can go through the socket before the socket is closed, and reopened
+       for the next request. The default value is <code>-1</code>, which is unlimited.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keepAliveTime</code></td><td>
+       The number of milliseconds a connection is kept open after its been opened.
+       The default value is <code>-1</code>, which is unlimited.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">timeout</code></td><td>
+        Sets the SO_TIMEOUT option on the socket. The value is in milliseconds and the default value is <code>3000</code>
+        milliseconds.(3 seconds) This timeout starts when a message send attempt is starting, until the transfer has been completed.
+        For the NIO sockets, this will mean, that the caller can guarantee that we will not attempt sending the message
+        longer than this timeout value. For the blocking IO implementation, this translated directly to the soTimeout.<br>
+        A timeout will not spawn a retry attempt, in order to guarantee the return of the application thread.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxRetryAttempts</code></td><td>
+        How many times do we retry a failed message, that received a IOException at the socket level.
+        The default value is <code>1</code>, meaning we will retry a message that has failed once.
+        In other words, we will attempt a message send no more than twice. One is the original send, and one is the
+        <code>maxRetryAttempts</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ooBInline</code></td><td>
+        Boolean value for the socket OOBINLINE option. Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soKeepAlive</code></td><td>
+        Boolean value for the socket SO_KEEPALIVE option. Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soLingerOn</code></td><td>
+        Boolean value to determine whether to use the SO_LINGER socket option.
+        Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>. Default value is <code>true</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soLingerTime</code></td><td>
+        Sets the SO_LINGER socket option time value. The value is in seconds.
+        The default value is <code>3</code> seconds.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soReuseAddress</code></td><td>
+       Boolean value for the socket SO_REUSEADDR option. Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">soTrafficClass</code></td><td>
+       Sets the traffic class level for the socket, the value is between 0 and 255.
+       Default value is <code>int soTrafficClass = 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x010;</code>
+       Different values are defined in <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setTrafficClass(int)">
+       java.net.Socket#setTrafficClass(int)</a>.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tcpNoDelay</code></td><td>
+       Boolean value for the socket TCP_NODELAY option. Possible values are <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.
+       The default value is <code>true</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">throwOnFailedAck</code></td><td>
+       Boolean value, default value is <code>true</code>.
+       If set to true, the sender will throw a <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.RemoteProcessException</code>
+       when we receive a negative ack from the remote member.
+       Set to false, and Tribes will treat a positive ack the same way as a negative ack, that the message was received.
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_PooledSender_Attributes">Common PooledSender Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">poolSize</code></td><td>
+        The maximum number of concurrent connections from A to B.
+        The value is based on a per-destination count.
+        The default value is <code>25</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxWait</code></td><td>
+        The maximum number of milliseconds that the senderPool will wait when
+        there are no available senders. The default value is <code>3000</code>
+        milliseconds.(3 seconds).
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Cluster Valve object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Cluster Valve object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve">org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve</a><ol><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve">org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve</a><ol><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.authenticator.ClusterSingleSignOn">org.apache.catalina.ha.authenticator.ClusterSingleSignOn</a><ol><li><a href="#org.apache.catalina.ha.authenticator.ClusterSingleSignOn/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+  A cluster valve is no different from any other <a href="valve.html">Tomcat <code>Valve</code></a>.
+  The cluster valves are interceptors in the invocation chain for HTTP requests, and the clustering implementation
+  uses these valves to make intelligent decision around data and when data should be replicated.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+  A cluster valve must implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.ClusterValve</code> interface.
+  This is a simple interface that extends the <code>org.apache.catalina.Valve</code> interface.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve">org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve</h3><div class="text">
+  The <code>ReplicationValve</code> will notify the cluster at the end of an HTTP request
+  so that the cluster can make a decision whether there is data to be replicated or not.
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        Set value to <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">filter</code></td><td>
+        For known file extensions or urls, you can use this Valve to notify the
+        cluster that the session has not been modified during this  request and
+        the cluster doesn't have to probe the session managers for changes. If
+        the request matches this filter pattern, the cluster assumes there has
+        been no session change. An example filter would look like <code>
+        filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"
+        </code>. The filter is a regular expression using
+        <code>java.util.regex</code>. If no filter pattern specified or if the
+        filter pattern is configured to be the empty string, no filtering will
+        take place.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">primaryIndicator</code></td><td>
+        Boolean value, so to true, and the replication valve will insert a request attribute with the name
+        defined by the <code>primaryIndicatorName</code> attribute.
+        The value inserted into the request attribute is either <code>Boolean.TRUE</code> or
+        <code>Boolean.FALSE</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">primaryIndicatorName</code></td><td>
+        Default value is <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.isPrimarySession</code>
+        The value defined here is the name of the request attribute that contains the boolean value
+        if the session is primary on this server or not.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">statistics</code></td><td>
+        Boolean value. Set to <code>true</code> if you want the valve to collect request statistics.
+        Default value is <code>false</code>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve">org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve</h3><div class="text">
+  In case of a mod_jk failover, the <code>JvmRouteBinderValve</code> will replace the
+  <code>jvmWorker</code> attribute in the session Id, to make future requests stick to this
+  node. If you want fallback capability, don't enable this valve, but if you want your failover to stick,
+  and for mod_jk not to have to keep probing the node that went down, you use this valve.
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve</code>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">enabled</code></td><td>
+        Default value is <code>true</code>
+        Runtime attribute to turn on and off turn over of the session's jvmRoute value.
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionIdAttribute</code></td><td>
+        Old sessionid before failover is registered in request attributes with  this attribute.
+        Default attribute name is <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteOriginalSessionID</code>.
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.authenticator.ClusterSingleSignOn">org.apache.catalina.ha.authenticator.ClusterSingleSignOn</h3><div class="text">
+  The <code>ClusterSingleSignOn</code> supports feature of single sign on in cluster.
+  By using <code>ClusterSingleSignOn</code>, the security identity authenticated
+  by one web application is recognized by other web applications on the same virtual host,
+  and it is propagated to other nodes in the cluster.
+
+  <p>See the <a href="host.html#Single_Sign_On">Single Sign On</a> special
+    feature on the <strong>Host</strong> element for more information.</p>
+
+  <p><strong>Note:</strong> ClusterSingleSignOn can be configured at host level cluster only.
+  </p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.catalina.ha.authenticator.ClusterSingleSignOn/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.ha.authenticator.ClusterSingleSignOn</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cookieDomain</code></td><td>
+        <p>Sets the host domain to be used for sso cookies.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">mapSendOptions</code></td><td>
+        <p>The Valve uses a replicated map. You can setup the flag for how this
+        map sends messages. The default value is <code>6</code> (synchronous).
+        Note that if you use asynchronous messaging it is possible for update
+        messages to be processed by the receiving node in a different order to
+        the order in which they were sent.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">requireReauthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Default false. Flag to determine whether each request needs to be
+        reauthenticated to the security <strong>Realm</strong>. If "true", this
+        Valve uses cached security credentials (username and password) to
+        reauthenticate to the <strong>Realm</strong> each request associated
+        with an SSO session.  If "false", the Valve can itself authenticate
+        requests based on the presence of a valid SSO cookie, without
+        rechecking with the <strong>Realm</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rpcTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>The Valve uses a replicated map. This is the timeout for messages
+        that transfer state to/from the other nodes in the cluster. If not
+        specified, a default value of <code>15000</code> milliseconds is used.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">terminateOnStartFailure</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you wish this Valve to fail if the
+        underlying replication fails to start. If the Valve fails, then the
+        associated container will fail to start. If you set this attribute to
+        false, and the underlying replications fails to start, the Valve will
+        start and it will attempt to join the cluster and start replication as
+        part of the heartbeat process. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">accessTimeout</code></td><td>
+        The timeout for a ping message. If a remote map does not respond within
+        this timeout period, its regarded as disappeared.
+        Default value is <code>5000</code> milliseconds.
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Cluster object</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Cluster object</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Security">Security</a></li><li><a href="#Engine_vs_Host_placement">Engine vs Host placement</a></li><li><a href="#Context_Attribute_Replication">Context Attribute Replication</a></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#SimpleTcpCluster_Attributes">SimpleTcpCluster Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+  The tomcat cluster implementation provides session replication, context attribute replication and
+  cluster wide WAR file deployment.
+  While the <code>Cluster</code> configuration is fairly complex, the default configuration will work
+  for most people out of the box. </p><p>
+  The Tomcat Cluster implementation is very extensible, and hence we have exposed a myriad of options,
+  making the configuration seem like a lot, but don't lose faith, instead you have a tremendous control
+  over what is going on.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The cluster implementation is written on the basis that a secure, trusted
+network is used for all of the cluster related network traffic. It is not safe
+to run a cluster on a insecure, untrusted network.</p>
+
+<p>There are many options for providing a secure, trusted network for use by a
+Tomcat cluster. These include:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>private LAN</li>
+  <li>a Virtual Private Network (VPN)</li>
+  <li>IPSEC</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The <a href="cluster-interceptor.html#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.EncryptInterceptor_Attributes">EncryptInterceptor</a>
+provides confidentiality and integrity protection but it does not protect
+against all risks associated with running a Tomcat cluster on an untrusted
+network, particularly DoS attacks.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Engine_vs_Host_placement">Engine vs Host placement</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+   You can place the <code>&lt;Cluster&gt;</code> element inside either the <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code>
+   container or the <code>&lt;Host&gt;</code> container.<br>
+   Placing it in the engine, means that you will support clustering in all virtual hosts of Tomcat,
+   and share the messaging component. When you place the <code>&lt;Cluster&gt;</code> inside the <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code>
+   element, the cluster will append the host name of each session manager to the managers name so that two contexts with
+   the same name but sitting inside two different hosts will be distinguishable.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Context_Attribute_Replication">Context Attribute Replication</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>To configure context attribute replication, simply do this by swapping out the context implementation
+  used for your application context.</p>
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context className="org.apache.catalina.ha.context.ReplicatedContext"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  <p>
+    This context extends the Tomcat <code><a href="context.html">StandardContext</a></code>
+    so all the options from the <a href="context.html">base implementation</a> are valid.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a>:</b> <br>
+    The session manager element identifies what kind of session manager is used in this cluster implementation.
+    This manager configuration is identical to the one you would use in a regular <code><a href="context.html#Nested_Components">&lt;Context&gt;</a></code> configuration.
+    <br>The default value is the <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager</code> that is closely coupled with
+    the <code>SimpleTcpCluster</code> implementation. Other managers like the <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager</code>
+    are/could be loosely coupled and don't rely on the <code>SimpleTcpCluster</code> for its data replication.
+  </p>
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a>:</b> <br>
+    The Channel and its sub components are all part of the IO layer
+    for the cluster group, and is a module in it's own that we have nick named "Tribes"
+    <br>
+    Any configuring and tuning of the network layer, the messaging and the membership logic
+    will be done in the channel and its nested components.
+    You can always find out more about <a href="../tribes/introduction.html">Apache Tribes</a>
+  </p>
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a>:</b> <br>
+    The Tomcat Cluster implementation uses <code>Tomcat <a href="valve.html">Valves</a></code> to
+    track when requests enter and exit the servlet container. It uses these valves to be able to make
+    intelligent decisions on when to replicate data, which is always at the end of a request.
+  </p>
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a>:</b> <br>
+    The Deployer component is the Tomcat Farm Deployer. It allows you to deploy and undeploy applications
+    cluster wide.
+  </p>
+  <p><b><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a>:</b> <br>
+    ClusterListener's are used to track messages sent and received using the <code>SimpleTcpCluster</code>.
+    If you wish to track messages, you can add a listener here, or you can add a valve to the channel object.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SimpleTcpCluster_Attributes">SimpleTcpCluster Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The main cluster class, currently only one is available,
+         <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster</code>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">channelSendOptions</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The Tribes channel send options, default is <code>8</code>.<br>
+         This option is used to set the flag that all messages sent through the
+         SimpleTcpCluster uses. The flag decides how the messages are sent, and is a simple logical OR.</p>
+
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>int options = Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS |
+              Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_SYNCHRONIZED_ACK |
+              Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK;</code></pre></div>
+      <p>Some of the values are:<br>
+      <code>Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_SYNCHRONIZED_ACK = 0x0004</code><br>
+      <code>Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS = 0x0008</code><br>
+      <code>Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_USE_ACK = 0x0002</code><br>
+      So to use ACK and ASYNC messaging, the flag would be <code>10</code> (8+2)
+      <br>
+      Note that if you use ASYNC messaging it is possible for update messages
+      for a session to be processed by the receiving nodes in a different order
+      to the order in which they were sent.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        The various <code>channelSendOptions</code> values offer a tradeoff
+        between throughput on the sending node and the reliability of
+        replication should the sending or receiving node(s) fail. Here are
+        some common options. "Message" could be any message sent between nodes,
+        but only session-change messages are considered, here.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <code>channelSendOptions="8"</code> / <code>channelSendOptions="async"</code>
+        As far as the sender is concerned, the message is "sent"
+        as soon as it has been placed in the queue on the sender for
+        transmission to the other nodes. The message may not reach any or all
+        of the recipient nodes and may not be successfully processed on any
+        nodes that it does reach. This option offers the highest throughput on
+        the sender but the least reliability, as the triggering request will
+        complete without any knowledge of the success/failure of the session
+        replication.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <code>channelSendOptions="2"</code> / <code>channelSendOptions="use_ack"</code>
+        The sender will block the completion of the current request until all
+        of the receiving nodes have acknowledged that they have received the
+        message, but have not necessarily processed that message. This option
+        will result in lower throughput on the sending node, because the message
+        must be transmitted and the acknowledgement received, but the
+        reliability is greater than the asynchronous model.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <code>channelSendOptions="6"</code> / <code>channelSendOptions="sync,use_ack"</code>
+        The sender will block the completion of the current request until
+        all of the receiving nodes have acknowledged that they have received
+        <u>and</u> processed the message. This option will have the lowest
+        throughput (of these three) but the greatest reliability.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+      You may also set these options as a comma separated string, e.g. "async, multicast", which
+      will be translated into <code>Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_ASYNCHRONOUS | Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_MULTICAST</code>
+      <br>
+      The valid option names are "asynchronous" (alias "async"), "byte_message" (alias "byte")
+      , "multicast", "secure", "synchronized_ack" (alias "sync"), "udp", "use_ack"
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">channelStartOptions</code></td><td>
+      <p>Sets the start and stop flags for the &lt;Channel&gt; object used by the cluster.
+         The default is <code>Channel.DEFAULT</code> which starts all the channel services, such as
+         sender, receiver, membership sender and membership receiver.
+         The following flags are available today:</p>
+         <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Channel.DEFAULT = Channel.SND_RX_SEQ (1) |
+                  Channel.SND_TX_SEQ (2) |
+                  Channel.MBR_RX_SEQ (4) |
+                  Channel.MBR_TX_SEQ (8);</code></pre></div>
+      <p>When using the static membership service
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.StaticMembershipService</code>
+      you must ensure that this attribute is configured to use the default
+      value.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">heartbeatBackgroundEnabled</code></td><td>
+      <p>Flag whether invoke channel heartbeat at container background thread. Default value is false.
+         Enable this flag don't forget to disable the channel heartbeat thread.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">notifyLifecycleListenerOnFailure</code></td><td>
+      <p>Flag whether notify LifecycleListeners if all ClusterListener couldn't accept channel message.
+         Default value is false.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Context Container</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Context Container</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a><ol><li><a href="#Parallel_deployment">Parallel deployment</a></li><li><a href="#Naming">Naming</a></li><li><a href="#Defining_a_context">Defining a context</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a><ol><li><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li><li><a href="#Access_Logs">Access Logs</a></li><li><a href="#Automatic_Context_Configuration">Automatic Context Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Context_Parameters">Context Parameters</a></li><li><a href="#Environment_Entries">Environment Entries</a></li><li><a href="#Lifecycle_Listeners">Lifecycle Listeners</a></li><li><a href="#Request_Filters">Request Filters</a></li><li><a href="#Resource_Definitions">Resource Definitions</a></li><li><a href="#Resource_Links">Resource Links</a></li><li><a href="#Transaction">Transaction</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p><em>
+    The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.
+    </em></p>
+
+  <p>The <strong>Context</strong> element represents a <em>web
+  application</em>, which is run within a particular virtual host.
+  Each web application is based on a <em>Web Application Archive</em>
+  (WAR) file, or a corresponding directory containing the corresponding
+  unpacked contents, as described in the Servlet Specification (version
+  2.2 or later).  For more information about web application archives,
+  you can download the
+  <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet
+  Specification</a>, and review the Tomcat
+  <a href="../appdev/index.html">Application Developer's Guide</a>.</p>
+
+  <p>The web application used to process each HTTP request is selected
+  by Catalina based on matching the longest possible prefix of the
+  Request URI against the <em>context path</em> of each defined Context.
+  Once selected, that Context will select an appropriate servlet to
+  process the incoming request, according to the servlet mappings defined
+  by the web application deployment.</p>
+
+  <p>You may define as many <strong>Context</strong> elements as you
+  wish.  Each such Context MUST have a unique context name within a virtual
+  host. The context path does not need to be unique (see <em>parallel
+  deployment</em> below). In addition, a Context must be present with a
+  context path equal to
+  a zero-length string.  This Context becomes the <em>default</em>
+  web application for this virtual host, and is used to process all
+  requests that do not match any other Context's context path.</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Parallel_deployment">Parallel deployment</h4><div class="text">
+  <p><b>You may deploy multiple versions of a web application with the same
+  context path at the same time.</b> The rules used to match requests to a
+  context version are as follows:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>If no session information is present in the request, use the latest
+  version.</li>
+  <li>If session information is present in the request, check the session
+  manager of each version for a matching session and if one is found, use that
+  version.</li>
+  <li>If session information is present in the request but no matching session
+  can be found, use the latest version.</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>The <a href="host.html">Host</a> may be configured (via the
+  <code>undeployOldVersions</code>) to remove old versions deployed in this way
+  once they are no longer in use.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Naming">Naming</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>When <code>autoDeploy</code> or <code>deployOnStartup</code> operations
+  are performed by a Host, the name and context path of the web application are
+  derived from the name(s) of the file(s) that define(s) the web application.
+  Consequently, the context path <strong>may not</strong> be defined in a
+  <code>META-INF/context.xml</code> embedded in the application and there is a
+  close relationship between the <em>context name</em>, <em>context path</em>,
+  <em>context version</em> and the <em>base file name</em> (the name minus any
+  <code>.war</code> or <code>.xml</code> extension) of the file.</p>
+
+  <p>If no version is specified then the <em>context name</em> is always the
+  same as the <em>context path</em>. If the <em>context path</em> is the empty
+  string then the <em>base name</em> will be ROOT (always in upper case)
+  otherwise the <em>base name</em> will be the <em>context path</em> with the
+  leading '/' removed and any remaining '/' characters replaced with '#'.</p>
+
+  <p>If a version is specified then the <em>context path</em> remains unchanged
+  and both the <em>context name</em> and the <em>base name</em> have the string
+  '##' appended to them followed by the version identifier.</p>
+
+  <p>Some examples of these naming conventions are given below.</p>
+
+  <table class="detail-table">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Context Path</th>
+      <th>Context Version</th>
+      <th>Context Name</th>
+      <th>Base File Name</th>
+      <th>Example File Names (.xml, .war &amp; directory)</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>/foo</td>
+      <td><i>None</i></td>
+      <td>/foo</td>
+      <td>foo</td>
+      <td>foo.xml, foo.war, foo</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>/foo/bar</td>
+      <td><i>None</i></td>
+      <td>/foo/bar</td>
+      <td>foo#bar</td>
+      <td>foo#bar.xml, foo#bar.war, foo#bar</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><i>Empty String</i></td>
+      <td><i>None</i></td>
+      <td><i>Empty String</i></td>
+      <td>ROOT</td>
+      <td>ROOT.xml, ROOT.war, ROOT</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>/foo</td>
+      <td>42</td>
+      <td>/foo##42</td>
+      <td>foo##42</td>
+      <td>foo##42.xml, foo##42.war, foo##42</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>/foo/bar</td>
+      <td>42</td>
+      <td>/foo/bar##42</td>
+      <td>foo#bar##42</td>
+      <td>foo#bar##42.xml, foo#bar##42.war, foo#bar##42</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><i>Empty String</i></td>
+      <td>42</td>
+      <td>##42</td>
+      <td>ROOT##42</td>
+      <td>ROOT##42.xml, ROOT##42.war, ROOT##42</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <p>The version component is treated as a <code>String</code> both for
+  performance reasons and to allow flexibility in versioning schemes. String
+  comparisons are used to determine version order. If version is not specified,
+  it is treated as the empty string.
+  Therefore,
+  <code>foo.war</code> will be treated as an earlier version than
+  <code>foo##11.war</code> and
+  <code>foo##11.war</code> will be treated as an earlier version than
+  <code>foo##2.war</code>. If using a purely numerical versioning scheme it is
+  recommended that zero padding is used so that <code>foo##002.war</code> is
+  treated as an earlier version than <code>foo##011.war</code>.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>If you want to deploy a WAR file or a directory using a context path that
+  is not related to the base file name then one of the following options must
+  be used to prevent double-deployment:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>Disable autoDeploy and deployOnStartup and define all
+  <strong>Context</strong>s in server.xml</li>
+  <li>Locate the WAR and/or directory outside of the Host's
+      <code>appBase</code> and use a context.xml file with a
+      <code>docBase</code> attribute to define it.</li>
+  </ul>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Defining_a_context">Defining a context</h4><div class="text">
+  <p><b>It is NOT recommended to place &lt;Context&gt; elements directly in the
+  server.xml file.</b> This is because it makes modifying the
+  <strong>Context</strong> configuration more invasive since the main
+  <code>conf/server.xml</code> file cannot be reloaded without restarting
+  Tomcat. Default <strong>Context</strong> elements (see below) will also
+  <strong>overwrite</strong> the configuration of any &lt;Context&gt; elements
+  placed directly in server.xml. To prevent this, the <code>override</code>
+  attribute of the &lt;Context&gt; element defined in server.xml should be set
+  to <code>true</code>.</p>
+
+  <p>Individual <strong>Context</strong> elements may be explicitly defined:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>In an individual file at <code>/META-INF/context.xml</code> inside the
+  application files. Optionally (based on the Host's copyXML attribute)
+  this may be copied to
+  <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/</code> and renamed to
+  application's base file name plus a ".xml" extension.</li>
+  <li>In individual files (with a ".xml" extension) in the
+  <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/</code> directory.
+  The context path and version will be derived from the base name of the file
+  (the file name less the .xml extension). This file will always take precedence
+  over any context.xml file packaged in the web application's META-INF
+  directory.</li>
+  <li>Inside a <a href="host.html">Host</a> element in the main
+  <code>conf/server.xml</code>.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>Default <strong>Context</strong> elements may be defined that apply to
+  multiple web applications. Configuration for an individual web application
+  will override anything configured in one of these defaults. Any nested
+  elements, e.g. &lt;Resource&gt; elements, that are defined in a default
+  <strong>Context</strong> will be created once for each
+  <strong>Context</strong> to which the default applies. They will <b>not</b> be
+  shared between <strong>Context</strong> elements.
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>In the <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/context.xml</code> file:
+  the Context element information will be loaded by all web applications.</li>
+  <li>In the
+  <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/context.xml.default</code>
+  file: the Context element information will be loaded by all web applications
+  of that host.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>With the exception of server.xml, files that define <strong>Context
+  </strong> elements may only define a single <strong>Context</strong> element.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>In addition to explicitly specified Context elements, there are
+  several techniques by which Context elements can be created automatically
+  for you.  See <a href="host.html#Automatic_Application_Deployment">
+  Automatic Application Deployment</a> and
+  <a href="host.html#User_Web_Applications">User Web Applications</a>
+  for more information.</p>
+
+  <p>To define multiple contexts that use a single WAR file or directory,
+  use one of the options described in the <a href="#Naming">Naming</a>
+  section above for creating a <strong>Context</strong> that has a path
+  that is not related to the base file name.</p>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Context</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowCasualMultipartParsing</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if Tomcat should automatically parse
+        multipart/form-data request bodies when HttpServletRequest.getPart*
+        or HttpServletRequest.getParameter* is called, even when the
+        target servlet isn't marked with the @MultipartConfig annotation
+        (See Servlet Specification 3.0, Section 3.2 for details).
+        Note that any setting other than <code>false</code> causes Tomcat
+        to behave in a way that is not technically spec-compliant.
+        The default is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowMultipleLeadingForwardSlashInPath</code></td><td>
+        <p>Tomcat normalises sequences of multiple <code>/</code> characters in
+        a URI to a single <code>/</code>. This is for consistency with the
+        behaviour of file systems as URIs are often translated to file system
+        paths. As a result, the return value of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest#getContextPath()</code> is expected to start
+        with multiple <code>/</code> characters for some URIs. This will cause
+        problems if this value is used directly with
+        <code>HttpServletResponse#sendRedirect()</code> as redirect paths that
+        start with <code>//</code> are treated as protocol relative redirects.
+        To avoid potential issues, Tomcat will collapse multiple leading
+        <code>/</code> characters at the start of the return value for
+        <code>HttpServletRequest#getContextPath()</code> to a single
+        <code>/</code>. This attribute has a default value of <code>false</code>
+        which enables the collapsing of multiple <code>/</code> characters. To
+        disable this behaviour, set this attribute to <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">altDDName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The absolute path to the alternative deployment descriptor for this
+        context. This overrides the default deployment descriptor located at
+        <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">backgroundProcessorDelay</code></td><td>
+        <p>This value represents the delay in seconds between the
+        invocation of the backgroundProcess method on this context and
+        its child containers, including all wrappers.
+        Child containers will not be invoked if their delay value is not
+        negative (which would mean they are using their own processing
+        thread). Setting this to a positive value will cause
+        a thread to be spawn. After waiting the specified amount of time,
+        the thread will invoke the backgroundProcess method on this host
+        and all its child containers. A context will use background
+        processing to perform session expiration and class monitoring for
+        reloading. If not specified, the default value for this attribute is
+        -1, which means the context will rely on the background processing
+        thread of its parent host.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Context</code> interface.
+        If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">containerSciFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>The regular expression that specifies which container provided SCIs
+        should be filtered out and not used for this context. Matching uses
+        <code>java.util.regex.Matcher.find()</code> so the regular expression
+        only has to match a sub-string of the fully qualified class name of the
+        container provided SCI for it to be filtered out. If not specified,
+        no filtering will be applied.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cookies</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want cookies to be used for
+        session identifier communication if supported by the client (this
+        is the default).  Set to <code>false</code> if you want to disable
+        the use of cookies for session identifier communication, and rely
+        only on URL rewriting by the application.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">createUploadTargets</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if Tomcat should attempt to create the
+        temporary upload location specified in the <code>MultipartConfig</code>
+        for a Servlet if the location does not already exist. If not specified,
+        the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">crossContext</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want calls within this application
+        to <code>ServletContext.getContext()</code> to successfully return a
+        request dispatcher for other web applications running on this virtual
+        host.  Set to <code>false</code> (the default) in security
+        conscious environments, to make <code>getContext()</code> always
+        return <code>null</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">docBase</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The <em>Document Base</em> (also known as the <em>Context
+        Root</em>) directory for this web application, or the pathname
+        to the web application archive file (if this web application is
+        being executed directly from the WAR file). You may specify
+        an absolute pathname for this directory or WAR file, or a pathname
+        that is relative to the <code>appBase</code> directory of the
+        owning <a href="host.html">Host</a>.</p>
+        <p>The value of this field must not be set unless the Context element is
+        defined in server.xml or the <code>docBase</code> is not located under
+        the <a href="host.html">Host</a>'s <code>appBase</code>.</p>
+        <p>If a symbolic link is used for <code>docBase</code> then changes to
+        the symbolic link will only be effective after a Tomcat restart or
+        by undeploying and redeploying the context. A context reload is not
+        sufficient.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">dispatchersUseEncodedPaths</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls whether paths used in calls to obtain a request dispatcher
+        ares expected to be encoded. This affects both how Tomcat handles calls
+        to obtain a request dispatcher as well as how Tomcat generates paths
+        used to obtain request dispatchers internally. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>true</code> is used. When encoding/decoding paths
+        for a request dispatcher, UTF-8 is always used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">failCtxIfServletStartFails</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> to have the context fail its startup if any
+        servlet that has load-on-startup &gt;=0 fails its own startup.</p>
+        <p>If not specified, the attribute of the same name in the parent Host
+        configuration is used if specified. Otherwise the default value of
+        <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">fireRequestListenersOnForwards</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> to fire any configured
+        ServletRequestListeners  when Tomcat forwards a request. This is
+        primarily of use to users of CDI frameworks that use
+        ServletRequestListeners to configure the necessary environment for a
+        request. If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logEffectiveWebXml</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want the effective web.xml used for a
+        web application to be logged (at INFO level) when the application
+        starts. The effective web.xml is the result of combining the
+        application's web.xml with any defaults configured by Tomcat and any
+        web-fragment.xml files and annotations discovered. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">mapperContextRootRedirectEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>If enabled, requests for a web application context root will be
+        redirected (adding a trailing slash) if necessary by the Mapper rather
+        than the default Servlet. This is more efficient but has the side effect
+        of confirming that the context path exists. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>true</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">mapperDirectoryRedirectEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>If enabled, requests for a web application directory will be
+        redirected (adding a trailing slash) if necessary by the Mapper rather
+        than the default Servlet. This is more efficient but has the side effect
+        of confirming that the directory is exists. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">override</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> to ignore any settings in both the global
+        or <a href="host.html">Host</a> default contexts.  By default, settings
+        from a default context will be used but may be overridden by a setting
+        the same attribute explicitly for the Context.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">parallelAnnotationScanning</code></td><td>
+        <p>When set to <code>true</code> annotation scanning will be performed
+        using the utility executor. It will allow processing scanning in
+        parallel which may improve deployment type at the expense of higher
+        server load. If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">path</code></td><td>
+        <p>The <em>context path</em> of this web application, which is
+        matched against the beginning of each request URI to select the
+        appropriate web application for processing.  All of the context paths
+        within a particular <a href="host.html">Host</a> must be unique.
+        If you specify a context path of an empty string (""), you are
+        defining the <em>default</em> web application for this Host, which
+        will process all requests not assigned to other Contexts.</p>
+        <p>This attribute must only be used when statically defining a Context
+        in server.xml. In all other circumstances, the path will be inferred
+        from the filenames used for either the .xml context file or the
+        <code>docBase</code>.
+        </p>
+        <p>Even when statically defining a Context in server.xml, this attribute
+        must not be set unless either the <code>docBase</code> is not located
+        under the <a href="host.html">Host</a>'s <code>appBase</code> or
+        both <code>deployOnStartup</code> and <code>autoDeploy</code> are
+        <code>false</code>. If this rule is not followed, double deployment is
+        likely to result.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">preemptiveAuthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>When set to <code>true</code> and the user presents credentials for a
+        resource that is not protected by a security constraint, if the
+        authenticator supports preemptive authentication (the standard
+        authenticators provided with Tomcat do) then the user' credentials
+        will be processed. If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> is
+        used.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">privileged</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> to allow this context to use container
+        servlets, like the manager servlet. Use of the <code>privileged</code>
+        attribute will change the context's parent class loader to be the
+        <em>Server</em> class loader rather than the <em>Shared</em> class
+        loader. Note that in a default installation, the <em>Common</em> class
+        loader is used for both the <em>Server</em> and the <em>Shared</em>
+        class loaders.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">reloadable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want Catalina to monitor classes in
+        <code>/WEB-INF/classes/</code> and <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> for
+        changes, and automatically reload the web application if a change
+        is detected.  This feature is very useful during application
+        development, but it requires significant runtime overhead and is
+        not recommended for use on deployed production applications.  That's
+        why the default setting for this attribute is <i>false</i>.  You
+        can use the <a href="../manager-howto.html">Manager</a> web
+        application, however, to trigger reloads of deployed applications
+        on demand.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">resourceOnlyServlets</code></td><td>
+        <p>Comma separated list of Servlet names (as used in
+        <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>) that expect a resource to be present.
+        Ensures that welcome files associated with Servlets that expect a
+        resource to be present (such as the JSP Servlet) are not used when there
+        is no resource present. This prevents issues caused by the clarification
+        of welcome file mapping in section 10.10 of the Servlet 3.0
+        specification. If the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code>
+        <a href="systemprops.html">system property</a> is set to
+        <code>true</code>, the default value of this attribute will be the empty
+        string, else the default value will be <code>jsp</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendRedirectBody</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, redirect responses will include a short
+        response body that includes details of the redirect as recommended by
+        RFC 2616. This is disabled by default since including a response body
+        may cause problems for some application component such as compression
+        filters.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionCookieDomain</code></td><td>
+        <p>The domain to be used for all session cookies created for this
+        context. If set, this overrides any domain set by the web application.
+        If not set, the value specified by the web application, if any, will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionCookieName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name to be used for all session cookies created for this
+        context. If set, this overrides any name set by the web application.
+        If not set, the value specified by the web application, if any, will be
+        used, or the name <code>JSESSIONID</code> if the web application does
+        not explicitly set one.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionCookiePath</code></td><td>
+        <p>The path to be used for all session cookies created for this
+        context. If set, this overrides any path set by the web application.
+        If not set, the value specified by the web application will be used, or
+        the context path used if the web application does not explicitly set
+        one. To configure all web application to use an empty path (this can be
+        useful for portlet specification implementations) set this attribute to
+        <code>/</code> in the global <code>CATALINA_BASE/conf/context.xml</code>
+        file.</p>
+        <p>Note: Once one web application using
+        <code>sessionCookiePath="/"</code> obtains a session, all
+        subsequent sessions for any other web application in the same host also
+        configured with <code>sessionCookiePath="/"</code> will always
+        use the same session ID. This holds even if the session is invalidated
+        and a new one created. This makes session fixation protection more
+        difficult and requires custom, Tomcat specific code to change the
+        session ID shared by the multiple applications.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash</code></td><td>
+        <p>Some browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Safari and Edge, will send
+        a session cookie for a context with a path of <code>/foo</code> with a
+        request to <code>/foobar</code> in violation of RFC6265. This could
+        expose a session ID from an application deployed at <code>/foo</code> to
+        an application deployed at <code>/foobar</code>. If the application
+        deployed at <code>/foobar</code> is untrusted, this could create a
+        security risk. However, it should be noted that RFC 6265, section 8.5
+        makes clear that path alone should not be view as sufficient to prevent
+        untrusted applications accessing cookies from other applications. To
+        mitigate this risk, this attribute may be set to <code>true</code> and
+        Tomcat will add a trailing slash to the path associated with the session
+        cookie so, in the above example, the cookie path becomes /foo/. However,
+        with a cookie path of /foo/, browsers will no longer send the cookie
+        with a request to /foo. This should not be a problem unless there is a
+        servlet mapped to /*. In this case this attribute will need to be set to
+        <code>false</code> to disable this feature. The default value for this
+        attribute is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">swallowAbortedUploads</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>false</code> if Tomcat should <b>not</b> read any
+        additional request body data for aborted uploads and instead abort the
+        client connection. This setting is used in the following situations:
+        </p>
+        <ul>
+        <li>the size of the request body is larger than the
+            <code>maxPostSize</code> configured in the connector</li>
+        <li>the size limit of a MultiPart upload is reached</li>
+        <li>the servlet sets the response status to 413 (Request Entity Too
+            Large) </li>
+        </ul>
+        <p>
+        Not reading the additional data will free the request processing thread
+        more quickly. Unfortunately most HTTP clients will not read the response
+        if they cannot write the full request.</p>
+        <p>The default is <code>true</code>, so additional data will be
+        read.</p>
+        <p>Note if an error occurs during the request processing that triggers
+        a 5xx response, any unread request data will always be ignored and the
+        client connection will be closed once the error response has been
+        written.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">swallowOutput</code></td><td>
+        <p>If the value of this flag is <code>true</code>, the bytes output to
+        System.out and System.err by the web application will be redirected to
+        the web application logger. If not specified, the default value
+        of the flag is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tldValidation</code></td><td>
+        <p>If the value of this flag is <code>true</code>, the TLD files
+        will be XML validated on context startup. If the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code>
+        <a href="systemprops.html">system property</a> is set to
+        <code>true</code>, the default value of this attribute will be
+        <code>true</code>, else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
+        Setting this attribute to <code>true</code> will incur a performance
+        penalty.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useBloomFilterForArchives</code></td><td>
+        <p>DEPRECATED: If this is <code>true</code> then a bloom filter will be
+        used to speed up archive lookups. This can be beneficial to the deployment
+        speed to web applications that contain very large amount of JARs.</p>
+        <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+        <p>This value can be overridden by archiveIndexStrategy in
+        <a href="resources.html">Resources</a></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useHttpOnly</code></td><td>
+       <p>Should the HttpOnly flag be set on session cookies to prevent client
+          side script from accessing the session ID? Defaults to
+          <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useRelativeRedirects</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls whether HTTP 1.1 and later location headers generated by a
+        call to
+        <code>javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse#sendRedirect(String)</code>
+        will use relative or absolute redirects. Relative redirects are more
+        efficient but may not work with reverse proxies that change the context
+        path. It should be noted that it is not recommended to use a reverse
+        proxy to change the context path because of the multiple issues it
+        creates. Absolute redirects should work with reverse proxies that change
+        the context path but may cause issues with the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteIpFilter</code> if the filter is
+         changing the scheme and/or port. If the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code>
+        <a href="systemprops.html">system property</a> is set to
+        <code>true</code>, the default value of this attribute will be
+        <code>false</code>, else the default value will be <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">validateClientProvidedNewSessionId</code></td><td>
+        <p>When a client provides the ID for a new session, this attribute
+        controls whether that ID is validated. The only use case for using a
+        client provided session ID is to have a common session ID across
+        multiple web applications. Therefore, any client provided session ID
+        should already exist in another web application. If this check is
+        enabled, the client provided session ID will only be used if the session
+        ID exists in at least one other web application for the current host.
+        Note that the following additional tests are always applied,
+        irrespective of this setting:</p>
+        <ul>
+          <li>The session ID is provided by a cookie</li>
+          <li>The session cookie has a path of {@code /}</li>
+        </ul>
+        <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>true</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">wrapperClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the <code>org.apache.catalina.Wrapper</code>
+        implementation class that will be used for servlets managed by this
+        Context.  If not specified, a standard default value will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">xmlBlockExternal</code></td><td>
+        <p>If the value of this flag is <code>true</code>, the parsing of
+        <code>web.xml</code>, <code>web-fragment.xml</code>,
+        <code>tomcat-web.xml</code>, <code>*.tld</code>, <code>*.jspx</code>,
+        <code>*.tagx</code> and <code>tagPlugins.xml</code> files for this web
+        application will not permit external entities to be loaded. If not
+        specified, the default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">xmlNamespaceAware</code></td><td>
+        <p>If the value of this flag is <code>true</code>, the parsing of
+        <code>web.xml</code>, <code>web-fragment.xml</code> and
+        <code>tomcat-web.xml</code> files for this web application will be
+        namespace-aware. Note that <code>*.tld</code>, <code>*.jspx</code> and
+        <code>*.tagx</code> files are always parsed using a namespace-aware
+        parser and that the <code>tagPlugins.xml</code> file (if any) is never
+        parsed using a namespace-aware parser. Note also that if you turn this
+        flag on, you should probably also turn <code>xmlValidation</code> on. If
+        the <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code>
+        <a href="systemprops.html">system property</a> is set to
+        <code>true</code>, the default value of this attribute will be
+        <code>true</code>, else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
+        Setting this attribute to <code>true</code> will incur a performance
+        penalty.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">xmlValidation</code></td><td>
+        <p>If the value of this flag is <code>true</code>, the parsing of
+        <code>web.xml</code>, <code>web-fragment.xml</code> and
+        <code>tomcat-web.xml</code> files for this web application will use a
+        validating parser. If the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code>
+        <a href="systemprops.html">system property</a> is set to
+        <code>true</code>, the default value of this attribute will be
+        <code>true</code>, else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
+        Setting this attribute to <code>true</code> will incur a performance
+        penalty.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Context</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext</strong>.
+    It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
+    common attributes listed above):</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">addWebinfClassesResources</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls if, in addition to static resources being
+        served from <code>META-INF/resources</code> inside web application JAR
+        files, static resources are also served from
+        <code>WEB-INF/classes/META-INF/resources</code>. This only applies to
+        web applications with a major version of 3 or higher. Since this is a
+        proprietary extension to the Servlet 3 specification, it is disabled by
+        default. To enable this feature, set the attribute to <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">antiResourceLocking</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, Tomcat will prevent any file locking.
+        This will significantly impact startup time of applications,
+        but allows full webapp hot deploy and undeploy on platforms
+        or configurations where file locking can occur.
+        If not specified, the default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+        <p>Please note that setting this to <code>true</code> has some side
+        effects, including the disabling of JSP reloading in a running server:
+        see <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=37668">
+        Bugzilla 37668</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>Please note that setting this flag to <code>true</code> in
+        applications that are outside the <code>appBase</code> for the Host (the
+        <code>webapps</code> directory by default) will cause the application to
+        be <strong>deleted</strong> on Tomcat shutdown.  You probably don't want
+        to do this, so think twice before setting antiResourceLocking=true on a
+        webapp that's outside the <code>appBase</code> for its Host.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clearReferencesHttpClientKeepAliveThread</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code> and an <code>sun.net.www.http.HttpClient</code>
+        keep-alive timer thread has been started by this web application and is
+        still running, Tomcat will change the context class loader for that
+        thread from the web application class loader to the parent of the web
+        application class loader to prevent a memory leak. Note that the
+        keep-alive timer thread will stop on its own once the keep-alives all
+        expire however, on a busy system that might not happen for some time. If
+        not specified, the default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clearReferencesObjectStreamClassCaches</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, when the web application is stopped Tomcat
+        looks for <code>SoftReference</code>s to classes loaded by the web
+        application in the <code>ObjectStreamClass</code> class used for
+        serialization and clears any <code>SoftReference</code>s it finds. This
+        feature uses reflection to identify the <code>SoftReference</code>s and
+        therefore requires that the command line option
+        <code>-XaddExports:java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED</code> is set
+        when running on Java 9 and above. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+        <p>The memory leak associated with <code>ObjectStreamClass</code> has
+        been fixed in Java 19 onwards, Java 17.0.4 onwards and Java 11.0.16
+        onwards. The check will be disabled when running on a version
+        of Java that contains the fix.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clearReferencesRmiTargets</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, Tomcat looks for memory leaks associated with
+        RMI Targets and clears any it finds. This feature uses reflection to
+        identify the leaks and therefore requires that the command line option
+        <code>-XaddExports:java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED</code> is set
+        when running on Java 9 and above. Applications without memory leaks
+        should operate correctly with this attribute set to <code>false</code>.
+        If not specified, the default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clearReferencesStopThreads</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, Tomcat attempts to terminate threads that have
+        been started by the web application. Stopping threads is performed via
+        the deprecated (for good reason) <code>Thread.stop()</code> method and
+        is likely to result in instability. As such, enabling this should be
+        viewed as an option of last resort in a development environment and is
+        not recommended in a production environment. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>false</code> will be used. If this feature is
+        enabled, web applications may take up to two seconds longer to stop as
+        executor threads are given up to two seconds to stop gracefully before
+        <code>Thread.stop()</code> is called on any remaining threads.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clearReferencesStopTimerThreads</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, Tomcat attempts to terminate
+        <code>java.util.Timer</code> threads that have been started by the web
+        application. Unlike standard threads, timer threads can be stopped
+        safely although there may still be side-effects for the application. If
+        not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clearReferencesThreadLocals</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, Tomcat attempts to clear
+        <code>java.lang.ThreadLocal</code> variables that have been populated
+        with classes loaded by the web application. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">copyXML</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want a context XML descriptor
+        embedded inside the application (located at
+        <code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>) to be copied to the owning
+        <a href="host.html">Host</a>'s <code>xmlBase</code> when the application
+        is deployed. On subsequent starts, the copied context XML descriptor
+        will be used in preference to any context XML descriptor embedded inside
+        the application even if the descriptor embedded inside the application
+        is more recent. The default is <code>false</code>. Note if
+        the <strong>deployXML</strong> attribute of the owning
+        <a href="host.html">Host</a> is <code>false</code> or if the
+        <strong>copyXML</strong> attribute of the owning
+        <a href="host.html">Host</a> is <code>true</code>, this attribute will
+        have no effect.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jndiExceptionOnFailedWrite</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, any attempt by an application to modify the
+        provided JNDI context with a call to bind(), unbind(),
+        createSubContext(), destroySubContext() or close() will trigger a
+        <code>javax.naming.OperationNotSupportedException</code> as required by
+        section EE.5.3.4 of the Java EE specification. This exception can be
+        disabled by setting this attribute to <code>false</code> in which case
+        any calls to modify the JNDI context will return <b>without</b> making
+        any changes and methods that return values will return
+        <code>null</code>. If not specified, the specification compliant default
+        of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">renewThreadsWhenStoppingContext</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, when this context is stopped, Tomcat renews all
+        the threads from the thread pool that was used to serve this context.
+        This also requires that the
+        <code>ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener</code> be configured in
+        <code>server.xml</code> and that the <code>threadRenewalDelay</code>
+        property of the <code>Executor</code> be &gt;=0. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">skipMemoryLeakChecksOnJvmShutdown</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, Tomcat will not perform the usual memory leak
+        checks when the web application is stopped if that web application is
+        stopped as part of a JVM shutdown. If not specified, the default value
+        of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">unloadDelay</code></td><td>
+        <p>Number of ms that the container will wait for servlets to unload.
+        If not specified, the default value is <code>2000</code> ms.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">unpackWAR</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>false</code>, the <strong>unpackWARs</strong> attribute of
+        the owning <a href="host.html">Host</a> will be overridden and the WAR
+        file will not be unpacked. If <code>true</code>, the value of the owning
+        <a href="host.html">Host</a>'s <strong>unpackWARs</strong>
+        attribute will determine if the WAR is unpacked. If not specified, the
+        default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useNaming</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> (the default) to have Catalina enable a
+        JNDI <code>InitialContext</code> for this web application that is
+        compatible with Java2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platform
+        conventions.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">workDir</code></td><td>
+        <p>Pathname to a scratch directory to be provided by this Context
+        for temporary read-write use by servlets within the associated web
+        application.  This directory will be made visible to servlets in the
+        web application by a servlet context attribute (of type
+        <code>java.io.File</code>) named
+        <code>javax.servlet.context.tempdir</code> as described in the
+        Servlet Specification.  If not specified, a suitable directory
+        underneath <code>$CATALINA_BASE/work</code> will be provided.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>You can nest at most one instance of the following utility components
+  by nesting a corresponding element inside your <strong>Context</strong>
+  element:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li><a href="cookie-processor.html"><strong>Cookie Processor</strong></a> -
+      Configure parsing and generation of HTTP cookie headers.</li>
+  <li><a href="loader.html"><strong>Loader</strong></a> -
+      Configure the web application class loader that will be used to load
+      servlet and bean classes for this web application.  Normally, the
+      default configuration of the class loader will be sufficient.</li>
+  <li><a href="manager.html"><strong>Manager</strong></a> -
+      Configure the session manager that will be used to create, destroy,
+      and persist HTTP sessions for this web application.  Normally, the
+      default configuration of the session manager will be sufficient.</li>
+  <li><a href="realm.html"><strong>Realm</strong></a> -
+      Configure a realm that will allow its
+      database of users, and their associated roles, to be utilized solely
+      for this particular web application.  If not specified, this web
+      application will utilize the Realm associated with the owning
+      <a href="host.html">Host</a> or <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>.</li>
+  <li><a href="resources.html"><strong>Resources</strong></a> -
+      Configure the resource manager that will be used to access the static
+      resources associated with this web application.  Normally, the
+      default configuration of the resource manager will be sufficient.</li>
+  <li><strong>WatchedResource</strong> - The auto deployer will monitor the
+      specified static resource of the web application for updates, and will
+      reload the web application if it is updated. The content of this element
+      must be a string.</li>
+  <li><a href="jar-scanner.html"><strong>JarScanner</strong></a> -
+      Configure the Jar Scanner that will be used to scan the web application
+      for JAR files and directories of class files. It is typically used during
+      web application start to identify configuration files such as TLDs o
+      web-fragment.xml files that must be processed as part of the web
+      application initialisation.  Normally, the default Jar Scanner
+      configuration will be sufficient.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Logging">Logging</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>A context is associated with the
+       <code>org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[enginename].[hostname].[path]</code>
+       log category.  Note that the brackets are actually part of the name, don't omit them.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Access_Logs">Access Logs</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>When you run a web server, one of the output files normally generated
+    is an <em>access log</em>, which generates one line of information for
+    each request processed by the server, in a standard format.  Catalina
+    includes an optional <a href="valve.html">Valve</a> implementation that
+    can create access logs in the same standard format created by web servers,
+    or in any number of custom formats.</p>
+
+    <p>You can ask Catalina to create an access log for all requests
+    processed by an <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>,
+    <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or <a href="context.html">Context</a>
+    by nesting a <a href="valve.html">Valve</a> element like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
+         prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
+         pattern="common"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>See <a href="valve.html#Access_Logging">Access Logging Valves</a>
+    for more information on the configuration attributes that are
+    supported.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Automatic_Context_Configuration">Automatic Context Configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>If you use the standard <strong>Context</strong> implementation,
+    the following configuration steps occur automatically when Catalina
+    is started, or whenever this web application is reloaded.  No special
+    configuration is required to enable this feature.</p>
+
+    <ul>
+    <li>If you have not declared your own <a href="loader.html">Loader</a>
+       element, a standard web application class loader will be configured.
+       </li>
+    <li>If you have not declared your own <a href="manager.html">Manager</a>
+        element, a standard session manager will be configured.</li>
+    <li>If you have not declared your own <a href="resources.html">Resources</a>
+        element, a standard resources manager will be configured.</li>
+    <li>The web application properties listed in <code>conf/web.xml</code>
+        will be processed as defaults for this web application.  This is used
+        to establish default mappings (such as mapping the <code>*.jsp</code>
+        extension to the corresponding JSP servlet), and other standard
+        features that apply to all web applications.</li>
+    <li>The web application properties listed in the
+        <code>/WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</code> resource for this web application
+        will be processed (if this resource exists), taking precedence over the
+        defaults.</li>
+    <li>The web application properties listed in the
+        <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> resource for this web application
+        will be processed (if this resource exists).</li>
+    <li>If your web application has specified security constraints that might
+        require user authentication, an appropriate Authenticator that
+        implements the login method you have selected will be configured.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Context_Parameters">Context Parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can configure named values that will be made visible to the
+    web application as servlet context initialization parameters by nesting
+    <code>&lt;Parameter&gt;</code> elements inside this element.  For
+    example, you can create an initialization parameter like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Parameter name="companyName" value="My Company, Incorporated"
+         override="false"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>This is equivalent to the inclusion of the following element in the
+    web application deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>):
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;context-param&gt;
+  &lt;param-name&gt;companyName&lt;/param-name&gt;
+  &lt;param-value&gt;My Company, Incorporated&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/context-param&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>but does <em>not</em> require modification of the deployment descriptor
+    to customize this value.</p>
+
+    <p>The valid attributes for a <code>&lt;Parameter&gt;</code> element
+    are as follows:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">description</code></td><td>
+        <p>Optional, human-readable description of this context
+        initialization parameter.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the context initialization parameter to be created.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">override</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set this to <code>false</code> if you do <strong>not</strong> want
+        a <code>&lt;context-param&gt;</code> for the same parameter name,
+        found in the web application deployment descriptor, to override the
+        value specified here.  By default, overrides are allowed.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">value</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The parameter value that will be presented to the application
+        when requested by calling
+        <code>ServletContext.getInitParameter()</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Environment_Entries">Environment Entries</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can configure named values that will be made visible to the
+    web application as environment entry resources, by nesting
+    <code>&lt;Environment&gt;</code> entries inside this element.  For
+    example, you can create an environment entry like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Environment name="maxExemptions" value="10"
+         type="java.lang.Integer" override="false"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>This is equivalent to the inclusion of the following element in the
+    web application deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>):
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;env-entry&gt;
+  &lt;env-entry-name&gt;maxExemptions&lt;/env-entry-name&gt;
+  &lt;env-entry-value&gt;10&lt;/env-entry-value&gt;
+  &lt;env-entry-type&gt;java.lang.Integer&lt;/env-entry-type&gt;
+&lt;/env-entry&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>but does <em>not</em> require modification of the deployment descriptor
+    to customize this value.</p>
+
+    <p>The valid attributes for an <code>&lt;Environment&gt;</code> element
+    are as follows:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">description</code></td><td>
+        <p>Optional, human-readable description of this environment entry.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the environment entry to be created, relative to the
+        <code>java:comp/env</code> context.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">override</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set this to <code>false</code> if you do <strong>not</strong> want
+        an <code>&lt;env-entry&gt;</code> for the same environment entry name,
+        found in the web application deployment descriptor, to override the
+        value specified here.  By default, overrides are allowed.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">type</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The fully qualified Java class name expected by the web application
+        for this environment entry.  Must be a legal value for
+        <code>&lt;env-entry-type&gt;</code> in the web application deployment
+        descriptor.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">value</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The parameter value that will be presented to the application
+        when requested from the JNDI context.  This value must be convertible
+        to the Java type defined by the <code>type</code> attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Lifecycle_Listeners">Lifecycle Listeners</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>If you have implemented a Java object that needs to know when this
+    <strong>Context</strong> is started or stopped, you can declare it by
+    nesting a <strong>Listener</strong> element inside this element.  The
+    class name you specify must implement the
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener</code> interface, and
+    the class must be packaged in a jar and placed in the
+    <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code> directory.
+    It will be notified about the occurrence of the corresponding
+    lifecycle events.  Configuration of such a listener looks like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Listener className="com.mycompany.mypackage.MyListener" ... &gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that a Listener can have any number of additional properties
+    that may be configured from this element.  Attribute names are matched
+    to corresponding JavaBean property names using the standard property
+    method naming patterns.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Request_Filters">Request Filters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can ask Catalina to check the IP address, or host name, on every
+    incoming request directed to the surrounding
+    <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>, <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or
+    <a href="context.html">Context</a> element.  The remote address or name
+    will be checked against configured "accept" and/or "deny"
+    filters, which are defined using <code>java.util.regex</code> Regular
+    Expression syntax.  Requests that come from locations that are
+    not accepted will be rejected with an HTTP "Forbidden" error.
+    Example filter declarations:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteHostValve"
+         allow=".*\.mycompany\.com|www\.yourcompany\.com"/&gt;
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         deny="192\.168\.1\.\d+"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>See <a href="valve.html#Remote_Address_Filter">Remote Address Filter</a>
+    and <a href="valve.html#Remote_Host_Filter">Remote Host Filter</a> for
+    more information about the configuration options that are supported.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Resource_Definitions">Resource Definitions</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can declare the characteristics of the resource
+    to be returned for JNDI lookups of <code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;</code> and
+    <code>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;</code> elements in the web application
+    deployment descriptor.  You <strong>MUST</strong> also define
+    the needed resource parameters as attributes of the <code>Resource</code>
+    element, to configure the object factory to be used (if not known to Tomcat
+    already), and the properties used to configure that object factory.</p>
+
+    <p>For example, you can create a resource definition like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Resource name="jdbc/EmployeeDB" auth="Container"
+            type="javax.sql.DataSource"
+     description="Employees Database for HR Applications"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>This is equivalent to the inclusion of the following element in the
+    web application deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>):</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;
+  &lt;description&gt;Employees Database for HR Applications&lt;/description&gt;
+  &lt;res-ref-name&gt;jdbc/EmployeeDB&lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
+  &lt;res-ref-type&gt;javax.sql.DataSource&lt;/res-ref-type&gt;
+  &lt;res-auth&gt;Container&lt;/res-auth&gt;
+&lt;/resource-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>but does <em>not</em> require modification of the deployment
+    descriptor to customize this value.</p>
+
+    <p>The valid attributes for a <code>&lt;Resource&gt;</code> element
+    are as follows:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">auth</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specify whether the web Application code signs on to the
+        corresponding resource manager programmatically, or whether the
+        Container will sign on to the resource manager on behalf of the
+        application.  The value of this attribute must be
+        <code>Application</code> or <code>Container</code>.  This
+        attribute is <strong>required</strong> if the web application
+        will use a <code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;</code> element in the web
+        application deployment descriptor, but is optional if the
+        application uses a <code>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;</code> instead.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">closeMethod</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the zero-argument method to call on a singleton resource when
+        it is no longer required. This is intended to speed up clean-up of
+        resources that would otherwise happen as part of garbage collection.
+        This attribute is ignored if the <code>singleton</code> attribute is
+        <code>false</code>.</p>
+        <p>For <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> and
+        <code>javax.sql.XADataSource</code> resources that implement
+        <code>AutoCloseable</code> such as Apache Commons DBCP 2 and the default
+        Apache Tomcat connection pool, this attribute is defaults to
+        <code>close</code>. This may be disabled by setting the attribute to the
+        empty string. For all other resource types no default is defined and no
+        close method will be called by default.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">description</code></td><td>
+        <p>Optional, human-readable description of this resource.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the resource to be created, relative to the
+        <code>java:comp/env</code> context.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scope</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specify whether connections obtained through this resource
+        manager can be shared.  The value of this attribute must be
+        <code>Shareable</code> or <code>Unshareable</code>.  By default,
+        connections are assumed to be shareable.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">singleton</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specify whether this resource definition is for a singleton resource,
+        i.e. one where there is only a single instance of the resource. If this
+        attribute is <code>true</code>, multiple JNDI lookups for this resource
+        will return the same object. If this attribute is <code>false</code>,
+        multiple JNDI lookups for this resource will return different objects.
+        This attribute must be <code>true</code> for
+        <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> resources to enable JMX registration
+        of the DataSource. The value of this attribute must be <code>true</code>
+        or <code>false</code>. By default, this attribute is <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">type</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The fully qualified Java class name expected by the web
+        application when it performs a lookup for this resource.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Resource_Links">Resource Links</h4><div class="text">
+
+     <p>This element is used to create a link to a global JNDI resource. Doing
+     a JNDI lookup on the link name will then return the linked global
+     resource.</p>
+
+    <p>For example, you can create a resource link like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;ResourceLink name="linkToGlobalResource"
+            global="simpleValue"
+            type="java.lang.Integer"
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The valid attributes for a <code>&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</code> element
+    are as follows:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">global</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the linked global resource in the
+        global JNDI context.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the resource link to be created, relative to the
+        <code>java:comp/env</code> context.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">type</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The fully qualified Java class name expected by the web
+        application when it performs a lookup for this resource link.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">factory</code></td><td>
+        <p>The fully qualified Java class name for the class creating these objects.
+        This class should implement the <code>javax.naming.spi.ObjectFactory</code> interface.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>When the attribute <code>factory="org.apache.naming.factory.DataSourceLinkFactory"</code> the resource link can be used with
+       two additional attributes to allow a shared data source to be used with different credentials.
+       When these two additional attributes are used in combination with the <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code>
+       type, different contexts can share a global data source with different credentials.
+       Under the hood, what happens is that a call to <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/javax/sql/DataSource.html#getConnection()"><code>getConnection()</code></a>
+       is simply translated to a call <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/javax/sql/DataSource.html#getConnection(java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String)">
+       <code>getConnection(username, password)</code></a> on the global data source. This is an easy way to get code to be transparent to what schemas are being used,
+       yet be able to control connections (or pools) in the global configuration.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">username</code></td><td>
+        <p><code>username</code> value for the <code>getConnection(username, password)</code>
+           call on the linked global DataSource.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">password</code></td><td>
+        <p><code>password</code> value for the <code>getConnection(username, password)</code>
+           call on the linked global DataSource.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+    <p>Shared Data Source Example:</p>
+    <p><strong>Warning:</strong> This feature works only if the global DataSource
+supports <code>getConnection(username, password)</code> method.
+<a href="https://commons.apache.org/dbcp/">Apache Commons DBCP 2</a> pool that
+Tomcat uses by default does not support it. See its Javadoc for
+<code>BasicDataSource</code> class.
+<a href="../jdbc-pool.html">Apache Tomcat JDBC pool</a> does support it,
+but by default this support is disabled and can be enabled by
+<code>alternateUsernameAllowed</code> attribute. See its documentation
+for details.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;GlobalNamingResources&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Resource name="sharedDataSource"
+            global="sharedDataSource"
+            type="javax.sql.DataSource"
+            factory="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory"
+            alternateUsernameAllowed="true"
+            username="bar"
+            password="barpass"
+            ...
+  ...
+&lt;/GlobalNamingResources&gt;
+
+&lt;Context path="/foo"...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;ResourceLink
+            name="appDataSource"
+            global="sharedDataSource"
+            type="javax.sql.DataSource"
+            factory="org.apache.naming.factory.DataSourceLinkFactory"
+            username="foo"
+            password="foopass"
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;
+&lt;Context path="/bar"...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;ResourceLink
+            name="appDataSource"
+            global="sharedDataSource"
+            type="javax.sql.DataSource"
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>When a request for <code>getConnection()</code> is made in the
+       <code>/foo</code> context, the request is translated into
+       <code>getConnection("foo","foopass")</code>,
+       while a request in the <code>/bar</code> gets passed straight through.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Transaction">Transaction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can declare the characteristics of the UserTransaction
+    to be returned for JNDI lookup for <code>java:comp/UserTransaction</code>.
+    You <strong>MUST</strong> define an object factory class to instantiate
+    this object as well as the needed resource parameters as attributes of the
+    <code>Transaction</code>
+    element, and the properties used to configure that object factory.</p>
+
+    <p>The valid attributes for the <code>&lt;Transaction&gt;</code> element
+    are as follows:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">factory</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The class name for the JNDI object factory.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Cookie Processor Component</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Cookie Processor Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li><li><a href="#Legacy_Cookie_Processor_-_org.apache.tomcat.util.http.LegacyCookieProcessor">Legacy Cookie Processor - org.apache.tomcat.util.http.LegacyCookieProcessor</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>CookieProcessor</strong> element represents the component that
+  parses received cookie headers into <code>javax.servlet.http.Cookie</code>
+  objects accessible through <code>HttpServletRequest.getCookies()</code> and
+  converts <code>javax.servlet.http.Cookie</code> objects added to the response
+  through <code>HttpServletResponse.addCookie()</code> to the HTTP headers
+  returned to the client.</p>
+
+  <p>A CookieProcessor element MAY be nested inside a
+  <a href="context.html">Context</a> component. If it is not included, a default
+  implementation will be created automatically.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>CookieProcessor</strong> support the
+    following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.http.CookieProcessor</code>
+        interface. If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>CookieProcessor</strong> is
+    <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>This cookie processor is based on RFC6265 with the following changes to
+    support better interoperability:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>Values 0x80 to 0xFF are permitted in cookie-octet to support the use
+      of UTF-8 in cookie values as used by HTML 5.</li>
+      <li>For cookies without a value, the '=' is not required after the name as
+      some browsers do not sent it.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>The RFC 6265 cookie processor is generally more lenient than the legacy
+    cookie parser. In particular:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>The '<code>=</code>' and '<code>/</code>' characters are always
+      permitted in a cookie value.</li>
+      <li>Name only cookies are always permitted.</li>
+      <li>The cookie header is always preserved.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>The <strong>RFC 6265 Cookie Processor</strong> supports the following
+    additional attributes.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sameSiteCookies</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables setting same-site cookie attribute.</p>
+
+        <p>If value is <code>unset</code> then the same-site cookie attribute
+        won't be set. This is the default value.</p>
+
+        <p>If value is <code>none</code> then the same-site cookie attribute
+        will be set and the cookie will always be sent in cross-site requests.</p>
+
+        <p>If value is <code>lax</code> then the browser only sends the cookie
+        in same-site requests and cross-site top level GET requests.</p>
+
+        <p>If value is <code>strict</code> then the browser prevents sending the
+        cookie in any cross-site request.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Legacy_Cookie_Processor_-_org.apache.tomcat.util.http.LegacyCookieProcessor">Legacy Cookie Processor - org.apache.tomcat.util.http.LegacyCookieProcessor</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>This is the legacy  cookie parser based on RFC6265, RFC2109 and RFC2616.
+    It implements a strict interpretation of the cookie specifications. Due to
+    various interoperability issues with browsers not all strict behaviours
+    are enabled by default and additional options are available to further
+    relax the behaviour of this cookie processor if required.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowEqualsInValue</code></td><td>
+        <p>If this is <code>true</code> Tomcat will allow '<code>=</code>'
+        characters when parsing unquoted cookie values. If <code>false</code>,
+        cookie values containing '<code>=</code>' will be terminated when the
+        '<code>=</code>' is encountered and the remainder of the cookie value
+        will be dropped.</p>
+        <p>If not set the specification compliant default value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowHttpSepsInV0</code></td><td>
+        <p>If this is <code>true</code> Tomcat will allow HTTP separators in
+        cookie names and values.</p>
+        <p>If not specified, the default specification compliant value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowNameOnly</code></td><td>
+        <p>If this is <code>true</code> Tomcat will allow name only cookies
+        (with or without trailing '<code>=</code>') when parsing cookie headers.
+        If <code>false</code>, name only cookies will be dropped.</p>
+        <p>If not set the specification compliant default value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">alwaysAddExpires</code></td><td>
+        <p>If this is <code>true</code> Tomcat will always add an expires
+        parameter to a SetCookie header even for cookies with version greater
+        than zero. This is to work around a known IE6 and IE7 bug that causes I
+        to ignore the Max-Age parameter in a SetCookie header.</p>
+        <p>If <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code> is set
+        to <code>true</code>, the default of this setting will be
+        <code>false</code>, else the default value will be <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">forwardSlashIsSeparator</code></td><td>
+        <p>If this is <code>true</code> Tomcat will treat the forward slash
+        character ('<code>/</code>') as an HTTP separator when processing cookie
+        headers. If <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code>
+        is set to <code>true</code>, the default of this setting will be
+        <code>true</code>, else the default value will be <code>false</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sameSiteCookies</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables setting same-site cookie attribute.</p>
+
+        <p>If value is <code>unset</code> then the same-site cookie attribute
+        won't be set. This is the default value.</p>
+
+        <p>If value is <code>none</code> then the same-site cookie attribute
+        will be set and the cookie will always be sent in cross-site requests.</p>
+
+        <p>If value is <code>lax</code> then the browser only sends the cookie
+        in same-site requests and cross-site top level GET requests.</p>
+
+        <p>If value is <code>strict</code> then the browser prevents sending the
+        cookie in any cross-site request.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>No element may be nested inside a <strong>CookieProcessor</strong>.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>No special features are associated with a <strong>CookieProcessor</strong>
+  element.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/credentialhandler.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/credentialhandler.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The CredentialHandler Component</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The CredentialHandler Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#MessageDigestCredentialHandler">MessageDigestCredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="#NestedCredentialHandler">NestedCredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="#SecretKeyCredentialHandler">SecretKeyCredentialHandler</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> element represents the component
+  used by a <a href="realm.html">Realm</a> to compare a provided credential such
+  as a password with the version of the credential stored by the
+  <a href="realm.html">Realm</a>. The <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> can
+  also be used to generate a new stored version of a given credential that would
+  be required, for example, when adding a new user to a
+  <a href="realm.html">Realm</a> or when changing a user's password.</p>
+
+  <p>A <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> element MUST be nested inside a
+  <a href="realm.html">Realm</a> component.  If it is not included,
+  a default <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> will be created using the
+  <strong>MessageDigestCredentialHandler</strong>.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> support the
+    following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.CredentialHandler</code>
+        interface.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>Unlike most Catalina components, there are several standard
+    <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> implementations available.  As a result,
+    if a <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> element is present then the
+    <code>className</code> attribute MUST be used to select the implementation
+    you wish to use.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="MessageDigestCredentialHandler">MessageDigestCredentialHandler</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>MessageDigestCredentialHandler</strong> is used when stored
+    passwords are protected by a message digest. This credential handler
+    supports the following forms of stored passwords:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><strong>plainText</strong> - the plain text credentials if no
+      algorithm is specified</li>
+      <li><strong>encodedCredential</strong> - a hex encoded digest of the
+      password digested using the configured digest</li>
+      <li><strong>{MD5}encodedCredential</strong> - a Base64 encoded MD5
+      digest of the password</li>
+      <li><strong>{SHA}encodedCredential</strong> - a Base64 encoded SHA1 digest
+      of the password</li>
+      <li><strong>{SSHA}encodedCredential</strong> - 20 character salt followed
+      by the salted SHA1 digest Base64 encoded</li>
+      <li><strong>salt$iterationCount$encodedCredential</strong> - a hex encoded
+      salt, iteration code and a hex encoded credential, each separated by
+      $</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>If the stored password form does not include an iteration count then an
+    iteration count of 1 is used.</p>
+
+    <p>If the stored password form does not include salt then no salt is
+    used.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">algorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the <code>java.security.MessageDigest</code> algorithm
+        used to encode user passwords stored in the database.  If not specified,
+        user passwords are assumed to be stored in clear-text.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">encoding</code></td><td>
+        <p>Digesting the password requires that it is converted to bytes. This
+        attribute determines the character encoding to use for conversions
+        between characters and bytes. If not specified, UTF-8 will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">iterations</code></td><td>
+        <p>The number of iterations to use when creating a new stored credential
+        from a clear text credential.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">saltLength</code></td><td>
+        <p>The length of the randomly generated salt to use when creating a
+        new stored credential from a clear text credential.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="NestedCredentialHandler">NestedCredentialHandler</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>NestedCredentialHandler</strong> is an implementation of
+    <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> that delegates to one or more
+    sub-CredentialHandlers.</p>
+
+    <p>Using the <strong>NestedCredentialHandler</strong> gives the developer
+    the ability to combine multiple <strong>CredentialHandler</strong>s of the
+    same or different types.</p>
+
+    <p>Sub-CredentialHandlers are defined by nesting CredentialHandler elements
+    inside the <code>CredentialHandler</code> element that defines the
+    NestedCredentialHandler. Credentials will be matched against each
+    <code>CredentialHandler</code> in the order they are listed. A match against
+    any CredentialHandler will be sufficient for the credentials to be
+    considered matched.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SecretKeyCredentialHandler">SecretKeyCredentialHandler</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>SecretKeyCredentialHandler</strong> is used when stored
+    passwords are built using <code>javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory</code>. This
+    credential handler supports the following forms of stored passwords:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><strong>salt$iterationCount$encodedCredential</strong> - a hex encoded
+      salt, iteration code and a hex encoded credential, each separated by
+      $</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>If the stored password form does not include an iteration count then an
+    iteration count of 1 is used.</p>
+
+    <p>If the stored password form does not include salt then no salt is
+    used.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">algorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the secret key algorithm used to encode user passwords
+        stored in the database.  If not specified, a default of
+        <code>PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keyLength</code></td><td>
+        <p>The length of key to generate for the stored credential. If not
+        specified, a default of <code>160</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">iterations</code></td><td>
+        <p>The number of iterations to use when creating a new stored credential
+        from a clear text credential.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">saltLength</code></td><td>
+        <p>The length of the randomly generated salt to use when creating a
+        new stored credential from a clear text credential.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>If you are using the <em>NestedCredentialHandler Implementation</em> or a
+  CredentialHandler that extends the NestedCredentialHandler one or more
+  <strong>&lt;CredentialHandler&gt;</strong> elements may be nested inside it.
+  </p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>No special features are associated with a
+  <strong>CredentialHandler</strong> element.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Engine Container</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Engine Container</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a><ol><li><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li><li><a href="#Access_Logs">Access Logs</a></li><li><a href="#Lifecycle_Listeners">Lifecycle Listeners</a></li><li><a href="#Request_Filters">Request Filters</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>Engine</strong> element represents the entire request
+  processing machinery associated with a particular Catalina
+  <a href="service.html">Service</a>.  It receives and processes
+  <em>all</em> requests from one or more <strong>Connectors</strong>,
+  and returns the completed response to the Connector for ultimate
+  transmission back to the client.</p>
+
+  <p>Exactly one <strong>Engine</strong> element MUST be nested inside
+  a <a href="service.html">Service</a> element, following all of the
+  corresponding Connector elements associated with this Service.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Engine</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">backgroundProcessorDelay</code></td><td>
+        <p>This value represents the delay in seconds between the
+        invocation of the backgroundProcess method on this engine and
+        its child containers, including all hosts and contexts.
+        Child containers will not be invoked if their delay value is not
+        negative (which would mean they are using their own processing
+        thread). Setting this to a positive value will cause
+        a thread to be spawn. After waiting the specified amount of time,
+        the thread will invoke the backgroundProcess method on this engine
+        and all its child containers. If not specified, the default value for
+        this attribute is 10, which represent a 10 seconds delay.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Engine</code> interface.
+        If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">defaultHost</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The default host name, which identifies the
+        <a href="host.html">Host</a> that will process requests directed
+        to host names on this server, but which are not configured in
+        this configuration file.  This name MUST match the <code>name</code>
+        attributes of one of the <a href="host.html">Host</a> elements
+        nested immediately inside.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jvmRoute</code></td><td>
+        <p>Identifier which must be used in load balancing scenarios to enable
+        session affinity. The identifier, which must be unique across all
+        Tomcat servers which participate in the cluster, will be appended to
+        the generated session identifier, therefore allowing the front end
+        proxy to always forward a particular session to the same Tomcat
+        instance.</p>
+        <p>
+            Note that the <code>jvmRoute</code> can also be set using the
+            deprecated <code>jvmRoute</code> system property. The
+            <code>jvmRoute</code> set in an <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code>
+            attribute will override any <code>jvmRoute</code> system property.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Logical name of this Engine, used in log and error messages. <em>When
+        using multiple <a href="service.html">Service</a> elements in the same
+        <a href="server.html">Server</a>, each Engine MUST be assigned a unique
+        name.</em></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">startStopThreads</code></td><td>
+        <p>The number of threads this <strong>Engine</strong> will use to start
+        child <a href="host.html">Host</a> elements in parallel. The special
+        value of 0 will result in the value of
+        <code>Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()</code> being used.
+        Negative values will result in
+        <code>Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() + value</code> being
+        used unless this is less than 1 in which case 1 thread will be used. If
+        not specified, the default value of 1 will be used. If 1 thread is
+        used then, rather than using an <code>ExecutorService</code>, the
+        current thread will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Engine</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine</strong>.
+    It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
+    common attributes listed above):</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>You can nest one or more <a href="host.html">Host</a> elements inside
+  this <strong>Engine</strong> element, each representing a different virtual
+  host associated with this server.  At least one <a href="host.html">Host</a>
+  is required, and one of the nested <a href="host.html">Hosts</a> MUST
+  have a name that matches the name specified for the
+  <code>defaultHost</code> attribute, listed above.</p>
+
+  <p>You can nest at most one instance of the following utility components
+  by nesting a corresponding element inside your <strong>Engine</strong>
+  element:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li><a href="realm.html"><strong>Realm</strong></a> -
+      Configure a realm that will allow its
+      database of users, and their associated roles, to be shared across all
+      <a href="host.html">Hosts</a> and <a href="context.html">Contexts</a>
+      nested inside this Engine, unless overridden by a
+      <a href="realm.html">Realm</a> configuration at a lower level.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Logging">Logging</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>An engine is associated with the
+       <code>org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[enginename]</code>
+       log category.  Note that the brackets are actually part of the name,
+       don't omit them.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Access_Logs">Access Logs</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>When you run a web server, one of the output files normally generated
+    is an <em>access log</em>, which generates one line of information for
+    each request processed by the server, in a standard format.  Catalina
+    includes an optional <a href="valve.html">Valve</a> implementation that
+    can create access logs in the same standard format created by web servers,
+    or in any number of custom formats.</p>
+
+    <p>You can ask Catalina to create an access log for all requests
+    processed by an <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>,
+    <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or <a href="context.html">Context</a>
+    by nesting a <a href="valve.html">Valve</a> element like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Engine name="Standalone" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
+         prefix="catalina_access_log" suffix=".txt"
+         pattern="common"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Engine&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>See <a href="valve.html#Access_Logging">Access Logging Valves</a>
+    for more information on the configuration attributes that are
+    supported.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Lifecycle_Listeners">Lifecycle Listeners</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>If you have implemented a Java object that needs to know when this
+    <strong>Engine</strong> is started or stopped, you can declare it by
+    nesting a <strong>Listener</strong> element inside this element.  The
+    class name you specify must implement the
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener</code> interface, and
+    it will be notified about the occurrence of the corresponding
+    lifecycle events.  Configuration of such a listener looks like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Engine name="Standalone" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Listener className="com.mycompany.mypackage.MyListener" ... &gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Engine&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that a Listener can have any number of additional properties
+    that may be configured from this element.  Attribute names are matched
+    to corresponding JavaBean property names using the standard property
+    method naming patterns.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Request_Filters">Request Filters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can ask Catalina to check the IP address, or host name, on every
+    incoming request directed to the surrounding
+    <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>, <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or
+    <a href="context.html">Context</a> element.  The remote address or name
+    will be checked against configured "accept" and/or "deny"
+    filters, which are defined using <code>java.util.regex</code> Regular
+    Expression syntax.  Requests that come from locations that are
+    not accepted will be rejected with an HTTP "Forbidden" error.
+    Example filter declarations:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Engine name="Standalone" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteHostValve"
+         allow=".*\.mycompany\.com|www\.yourcompany\.com"/&gt;
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         deny="192\.168\.1\.\d+"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Engine&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>See <a href="valve.html#Remote_Address_Filter">Remote Address Filter</a>
+  and <a href="valve.html#Remote_Host_Filter">Remote Host Filter</a> for
+  more information about the configuration options that are supported.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/executor.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/executor.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Executor (thread pool)</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Executor (thread pool)</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>Executor</strong> represents a thread pool that can be shared
+     between components in Tomcat. Historically there has been a thread pool per
+     connector created but this allows you to share a thread pool, between (primarily) connector
+     but also other components when those get configured to support executors</p>
+
+
+  <p>The executor has to implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Executor</code> interface.</p>
+
+  <p>The executor is a nested element to the <a href="service.html">Service</a> element.
+     And in order for it to be picked up by the connectors, the Executor element has to appear
+     prior to the Connector element in server.xml</p>
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>All implementations of <strong>Executor</strong>
+  support the following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+      <p>The class of the implementation. The implementation has to implement the
+         <code>org.apache.catalina.Executor</code> interface.
+         This interface ensures that the object can be referenced through its <code>name</code> attribute
+         and that implements Lifecycle, so that it can be started and stopped with the container.
+         The default value for the className is <code>org.apache.catalina.core.StandardThreadExecutor</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The name used to reference this pool in other places in server.xml.
+         The name is required and must be unique.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+  The default implementation supports the following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">threadPriority</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The thread priority for threads in the executor, the default is
+      <code>5</code> (the value of the <code>Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant)</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">daemon</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Whether the threads should be daemon threads or not, the default is <code>true</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">namePrefix</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The name prefix for each thread created by the executor.
+         The thread name for an individual thread will be <code>namePrefix+threadNumber</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxThreads</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The max number of active threads in this pool, default is <code>200</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">minSpareThreads</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The minimum number of threads (idle and active) always kept alive, default is <code>25</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxIdleTime</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The number of milliseconds before an idle thread shutsdown, unless the number of active threads are less
+         or equal to minSpareThreads. Default value is <code>60000</code>(1 minute)</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxQueueSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The maximum number of runnable tasks that can queue up awaiting
+        execution before we reject them. Default value is <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">threadRenewalDelay</code></td><td>
+      <p>(long) If a <a href="listeners.html">ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener</a> is configured,
+        it will notify this executor about stopped contexts.
+        After a context is stopped, threads in the pool are renewed. To avoid renewing all threads at the same time,
+        this option sets a delay between renewal of any 2 threads. The value is in ms,
+        default value is <code>1000</code> ms. If value is negative, threads are not renewed.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/filter.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/filter.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,1717 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - Container Provided Filters</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Container Provided Filters</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Add_Default_Character_Set_Filter">Add Default Character Set Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Add_Default_Character_Set_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Add_Default_Character_Set_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Add_Default_Character_Set_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#CORS_Filter">CORS Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#CORS_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#CORS_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#CORS_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li><li><a href="#CORS_Filter_and_HttpServletRequest_attributes">CORS Filter and HttpServletRequest attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter">CSRF Prevention Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs">CSRF Prevention Filter for REST APIs</a><ol><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs/Basic_configuration_sample">Basic configuration sample</a></li><li><a href="#RestCsrfPreventionFilter_and_HttpServletRequest_parameters">RestCsrfPreventionFilter and HttpServletRequest parameters</a></li><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Expires_Filter">Expires Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Expires_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Expires_Filter/Basic_configuration_sample">Basic configuration sample</a></li><li><a href="#Alternate_Syntax">Alternate Syntax</a></li><li><a href="#Expiration_headers_generation_eligibility">Expiration headers generation eligibility</a></li><li><a href="#Expiration_configuration_selection">Expiration configuration selection</a></li><li><a href="#Expires_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Expires_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li><li><a href="#Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Failed_Request_Filter">Failed Request Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Failed_Request_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Failed_Request_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Failed_Request_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#HTTP_Header_Security_Filter">HTTP Header Security Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#HTTP_Header_Security_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#HTTP_Header_Security_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#HTTP_Header_Security_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Filter">Remote Address Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Filter/Example">Example</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Remote_Host_Filter">Remote Host Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_Host_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Host_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Host_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Filter">Remote CIDR Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Filter/Example">Example</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Remote_IP_Filter">Remote IP Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_IP_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_IP_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Basic_configuration_to_handle_'x-forwarded-for'">Basic configuration to handle 'x-forwarded-for'</a></li><li><a href="#Basic_configuration_to_handle_'x-forwarded-for'_and_'x-forwarded-proto'">Basic configuration to handle 'x-forwarded-for' and 'x-forwarded-proto'</a></li><li><a href="#Advanced_configuration_with_internal_proxies">Advanced configuration with internal proxies</a></li><li><a href="#Advanced_configuration_with_trusted_proxies">Advanced configuration with trusted proxies</a></li><li><a href="#Advanced_configuration_with_internal_and_trusted_proxies">Advanced configuration with internal and trusted proxies</a></li><li><a href="#Advanced_configuration_with_an_untrusted_proxy">Advanced configuration with an untrusted proxy</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_IP_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Request_Dumper_Filter">Request Dumper Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Request_Dumper_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Request_Dumper_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Request_Dumper_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li><li><a href="#Request_Dumper_Filter/Sample_Configuration">Sample Configuration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Session_Initializer_Filter">Session Initializer Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Session_Initializer_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Session_Initializer_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Session_Initializer_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li><li><a href="#Session_Initializer_Filter/Sample_Configuration">Sample Configuration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Set_Character_Encoding_Filter">Set Character Encoding Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#Set_Character_Encoding_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Set_Character_Encoding_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#Set_Character_Encoding_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#WebDAV_Fix_Filter">WebDAV Fix Filter</a><ol><li><a href="#WebDAV_Fix_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#WebDAV_Fix_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</a></li><li><a href="#WebDAV_Fix_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>Tomcat provides a number of <strong>Filters</strong> which may be
+  configured for use with all web applications using
+  <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code> or may be configured for individual
+  web applications by configuring them in the application's
+  <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. Each filter is described below.</p>
+
+    <p><em>This description uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Add_Default_Character_Set_Filter">Add Default Character Set Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Add_Default_Character_Set_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The HTTP specification is clear that if no character set is specified for
+    media sub-types of the "text" media type, the ISO-8859-1 character set must
+    be used. However, browsers may attempt to auto-detect the character set.
+    This may be exploited by an attacker to perform an XSS attack. Internet
+    Explorer and other browsers have an option to
+    enable this behavior.</p>
+
+    <p>This filter prevents the attack by explicitly setting a character set.
+    Unless the provided character set is explicitly overridden by the user the
+    browser will adhere to the explicitly set character set, thus preventing the
+    XSS attack.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Add_Default_Character_Set_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Add Default Character Set Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.AddDefaultCharsetFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Add_Default_Character_Set_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The Add Default Character Set Filter supports the following initialization
+    parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">encoding</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the character set which should be set, if no other character set
+        was set explicitly by a Servlet. This parameter has two special values
+        <code>default</code> and <code>system</code>. A value of <code>system</code>
+        uses the JVM wide default character set, which is usually set by locale.
+        A value of <code>default</code> will use <strong>ISO-8859-1</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="CORS_Filter">CORS Filter</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CORS_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>This filter is an implementation of W3C's CORS (Cross-Origin Resource
+    Sharing) <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/">specification</a>, which is a
+    mechanism that enables cross-origin requests.</p>
+    <p>The filter works by adding required <code>Access-Control-*</code> headers
+    to HttpServletResponse object. The filter also protects against HTTP
+    response splitting. If request is invalid, or is not permitted, then request
+    is rejected with HTTP status code 403 (Forbidden). A
+    <a href="../images/cors-flowchart.png">flowchart</a> that
+    demonstrates request processing by this filter is available.</p>
+    <p>The minimal configuration required to use this filter is:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;filter&gt;
+  &lt;filter-name&gt;CorsFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+  &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.CorsFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+&lt;/filter&gt;
+&lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+  &lt;filter-name&gt;CorsFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+  &lt;url-pattern&gt;/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+&lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>The above configuration enables the filter but does not relax the
+    cross-origin policy. As a minimum, you will need to add a
+    <strong>cors.allowed.origins</strong> initialisation parameter as described
+    below to enable cross-origin requests. Depending on your requirements, you
+    may need to provide additional configuration.</p>
+    <p>An instance of this filter can only implement one policy. If you want to
+    apply different policies (e.g. different allowed origins) to different URLs
+    or sets of URLs within your web application you will need to configure a
+    separate instance of this filter for each policy you wish to configure.</p>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CORS_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>The filter class name for the CORS Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.CorsFilter</code></strong>.</p>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CORS_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>The CORS Filter supports following initialisation parameters:</p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cors.allowed.origins</code></td><td>
+        <p>A list of <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6454">origins</a>
+        that are allowed to access the resource. A <code>*</code> can be
+        specified to enable access to resource from any origin. Otherwise, an
+        allow list of comma separated origins can be provided. Eg: <code>
+        https://www.w3.org, https://www.apache.org</code>.
+        <strong>Defaults:</strong> The empty String. (No origin is allowed to
+        access the resource).</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cors.allowed.methods</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma separated list of HTTP methods that can be used to access the
+        resource, using cross-origin requests. These are the methods which will
+        also be included as part of <code>Access-Control-Allow-Methods</code>
+        header in pre-flight response. Eg: <code>GET, POST</code>.
+        <strong>Defaults:</strong> <code>GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS</code></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cors.allowed.headers</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma separated list of request headers that can be used when
+        making an actual request. These headers will also be returned as part
+        of <code>Access-Control-Allow-Headers</code> header in a pre-flight
+        response. Eg: <code>Origin,Accept</code>. <strong>Defaults:</strong>
+        <code>Origin, Accept, X-Requested-With, Content-Type,
+        Access-Control-Request-Method, Access-Control-Request-Headers</code></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cors.exposed.headers</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma separated list of headers other than simple response headers
+        that browsers are allowed to access. These are the headers which will
+        also be included as part of <code>Access-Control-Expose-Headers</code>
+        header in the pre-flight response. Eg:
+        <code>X-CUSTOM-HEADER-PING,X-CUSTOM-HEADER-PONG</code>.
+        <strong>Default:</strong> None. Non-simple headers are not exposed by
+        default.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cors.preflight.maxage</code></td><td>
+        <p>The amount of seconds, browser is allowed to cache the result of the
+        pre-flight request. This will be included as part of
+        <code>Access-Control-Max-Age</code> header in the pre-flight response.
+        A negative value will prevent CORS Filter from adding this response
+        header to pre-flight response. <strong>Defaults:</strong>
+        <code>1800</code></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cors.support.credentials</code></td><td>
+        <p>A flag that indicates whether the resource supports user credentials.
+        This flag is exposed as part of
+        <code>Access-Control-Allow-Credentials</code> header in a pre-flight
+        response. It helps browser determine whether or not an actual request
+        can be made using credentials. <strong>Defaults:</strong>
+        <code>false</code></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cors.request.decorate</code></td><td>
+        <p>A flag to control if CORS specific attributes should be added to
+        HttpServletRequest object or not. <strong>Defaults:</strong>
+        <code>true</code></p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+    <p>Here's an example of a more advanced configuration, that overrides
+    defaults:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;filter&gt;
+  &lt;filter-name&gt;CorsFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+  &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.CorsFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+  &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;cors.allowed.origins&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;https://www.apache.org&lt;/param-value&gt;
+  &lt;/init-param&gt;
+  &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;cors.allowed.methods&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;GET,POST,HEAD,OPTIONS,PUT&lt;/param-value&gt;
+  &lt;/init-param&gt;
+  &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;cors.allowed.headers&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;Content-Type,X-Requested-With,accept,Origin,Access-Control-Request-Method,Access-Control-Request-Headers&lt;/param-value&gt;
+  &lt;/init-param&gt;
+  &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;cors.exposed.headers&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;Access-Control-Allow-Origin,Access-Control-Allow-Credentials&lt;/param-value&gt;
+  &lt;/init-param&gt;
+  &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;cors.support.credentials&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;true&lt;/param-value&gt;
+  &lt;/init-param&gt;
+  &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;cors.preflight.maxage&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;10&lt;/param-value&gt;
+  &lt;/init-param&gt;
+&lt;/filter&gt;
+&lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+  &lt;filter-name&gt;CorsFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+  &lt;url-pattern&gt;/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+&lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CORS_Filter_and_HttpServletRequest_attributes">CORS Filter and HttpServletRequest attributes</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>CORS Filter adds information about the request, in HttpServletRequest
+    object, for consumption downstream. Following attributes are set, if
+    <code>cors.request.decorate</code> initialisation parameter is
+    <code>true</code>:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><strong>cors.isCorsRequest:</strong> Flag to determine if request is
+          a CORS request.</li>
+      <li><strong>cors.request.origin:</strong> The Origin URL, i.e. the URL of
+          the page from where the request originated.</li>
+      <li><strong>cors.request.type:</strong> Type of CORS request. Possible
+          values:
+        <ul>
+          <li><code>SIMPLE</code>: A request which is not preceded by a
+              pre-flight request.</li>
+          <li><code>ACTUAL</code>: A request which is preceded by a pre-flight
+              request.</li>
+          <li><code>PRE_FLIGHT</code>: A pre-flight request.</li>
+          <li><code>NOT_CORS</code>: A normal same-origin request.</li>
+          <li><code>INVALID_CORS</code>: A cross-origin request, which is
+              invalid.</li>
+        </ul>
+      </li>
+      <li><strong>cors.request.headers:</strong> Request headers sent as
+          <code>Access-Control-Request-Headers</code> header, for a pre-flight
+          request.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter">CSRF Prevention Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>This filter provides basic CSRF protection for a web application. The
+    filter assumes that it is mapped to <code>/*</code> and that all URLs
+    returned to the client are encoded via a call to
+    <code>HttpServletResponse#encodeRedirectURL(String)</code> or
+    <code>HttpServletResponse#encodeURL(String)</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>This filter prevents CSRF by generating a nonce and storing it in the
+    session. URLs are also encoded with the same nonce. When the next request is
+    received the nonce in the request is compared to the nonce in the session
+    and only if they are the same is the request allowed to continue.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the CSRF Prevention Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.CsrfPreventionFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The CSRF Prevention Filter supports the following initialisation
+    parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">denyStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>HTTP response status code that is used when rejecting denied
+        request. The default value is <code>403</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">entryPoints</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma separated list of URLs that will not be tested for the
+        presence of a valid nonce. They are used to provide a way to navigate
+        back to a protected application after having navigated away from it.
+        Entry points will be limited to HTTP GET requests and should not trigger
+        any security sensitive actions.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">nonceCacheSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>The number of previously issued nonces that will be cached on a LRU
+        basis to support parallel requests, limited use of the refresh and back
+        in the browser and similar behaviors that may result in the submission
+        of a previous nonce rather than the current one. If not set, the default
+        value of 5 will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">nonceRequestParameterName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the request parameter used for the nonce. If not set, the
+        default value of <code>org.apache.catalina.filters.CSRF_NONCE</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">randomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the class to use to generate nonces. The class must be an
+        instance of <code>java.util.Random</code>. If not set, the default value
+        of <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs">CSRF Prevention Filter for REST APIs</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>This filter provides basic CSRF protection for REST APIs. The CSRF
+    protection is applied only for modifying HTTP requests (different from GET,
+    HEAD, OPTIONS) to protected resources. It is based on a custom header
+    <code>X-CSRF-Token</code> that provides a valid nonce.</p>
+
+    <p>CSRF protection mechanism for REST APIs consists of the following steps:
+      <ul>
+        <li>Client asks for a valid nonce. This is performed with a
+            non-modifying "Fetch" request to protected resource.</li>
+        <li>Server responds with a valid nonce mapped to the current user
+            session.</li>
+        <li>Client provides this nonce in the subsequent modifying requests in
+            the frame of the same user session.</li>
+        <li>Server rejects all modifying requests to protected resources that
+            do not contain a valid nonce.</li>
+      </ul>
+    </p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs/Basic_configuration_sample">Basic configuration sample</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>On the server side</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>All CSRF protected REST APIs should be protected with an authentication
+          mechanism.</li>
+      <li>Protect modifying REST APIs with this filter.</li>
+      <li>Provide at least one non-modifying operation.</li>
+    </ul>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;filter&gt;
+  &lt;filter-name&gt;RestCSRF&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+  &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RestCsrfPreventionFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+&lt;/filter&gt;
+&lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+  &lt;filter-name&gt;RestCSRF&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+  &lt;!-- Modifying operations --&gt;
+  &lt;url-pattern&gt;/resources/removeResource&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+  &lt;url-pattern&gt;/resources/addResource&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+  &lt;!-- Non-modifying operations --&gt;
+  &lt;url-pattern&gt;/resources/listResources&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+&lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>On the client side</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>Make a non-modifying "Fetch" request in order to obtain a valid nonce.
+          This can be done with sending additional header
+          <code>X-CSRF-Token: Fetch</code></li>
+      <li>Cache the returned session id and nonce in order to provide them in
+          the subsequent modifying requests to protected resources.</li>
+      <li>Modifying requests can be denied and header
+          <code>X-CSRF-Token: Required</code> will be returned in case of
+          invalid or missing nonce, expired session or in case the session
+          id is changed by the server.</li>
+    </ul>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Client Request:
+GET /rest/resources/listResources HTTP/1.1
+X-CSRF-Token: Fetch
+Authorization: Basic ...
+Host: localhost:8080
+...
+
+Server Response:
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=...; Path=/rest; HttpOnly
+X-CSRF-Token: ...
+...
+
+Client Request:
+POST /rest/resources/addResource HTTP/1.1
+Cookie: JSESSIONID=...
+X-CSRF-Token: ...
+Authorization: Basic ...
+Host: localhost:8080
+...
+
+Server Response:
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+...</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="RestCsrfPreventionFilter_and_HttpServletRequest_parameters">RestCsrfPreventionFilter and HttpServletRequest parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>When the client is not able to insert custom headers in its calls to
+       REST APIs there is additional capability to configure URLs for which a
+       valid nonce will be accepted as a request parameter.</p>
+
+    <p>Note: If there is a <code>X-CSRF-Token</code> header, it will be taken
+       with preference over any parameter with the same name in the request.
+       Request parameters cannot be used to fetch new nonce, only header can be
+       used to request a new nonce.</p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;filter&gt;
+  &lt;filter-name&gt;RestCSRF&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+  &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RestCsrfPreventionFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+  &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;pathsAcceptingParams&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;/resources/removeResource,/resources/addResource&lt;/param-value&gt;
+  &lt;/init-param&gt;
+&lt;/filter&gt;
+&lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+  &lt;filter-name&gt;RestCSRF&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+  &lt;url-pattern&gt;/resources/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+&lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the CSRF Prevention Filter for REST APIs is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.RestCsrfPreventionFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="CSRF_Prevention_Filter_for_REST_APIs/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The CSRF Prevention Filter for REST APIs supports the following
+    initialisation parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">denyStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>HTTP response status code that is used when rejecting denied
+        request. The default value is <code>403</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pathsAcceptingParams</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma separated list of URLs that can accept nonces via request
+        parameter <code>X-CSRF-Token</code>. For use cases when a nonce information cannot
+        be provided via header, one can provide it via request parameters. If
+        there is a <code>X-CSRF-Token</code> header, it will be taken with preference over
+        any parameter with the same name in the request. Request parameters
+        cannot be used to fetch new nonce, only header can be used to request a
+        new nonce.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">randomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the class to use to generate nonces. The class must be an
+        instance of <code>java.util.Random</code>. If not set, the default value
+        of <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Expires_Filter">Expires Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Expires_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+    ExpiresFilter is a Java Servlet API port of <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_expires.html">Apache
+    mod_expires</a>.
+    This filter controls the setting of the <code>Expires</code> HTTP header and the
+    <code>max-age</code> directive of the <code>Cache-Control</code> HTTP header in
+    server responses. The expiration date can set to be relative to either the
+    time the source file was last modified, or to the time of the client access.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+    These HTTP headers are an instruction to the client about the document's
+    validity and persistence. If cached, the document may be fetched from the
+    cache rather than from the source until this time has passed. After that, the
+    cache copy is considered "expired" and invalid, and a new copy must
+    be obtained from the source.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+    To modify <code>Cache-Control</code> directives other than <code>max-age</code> (see
+    <a href="https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9">RFC
+    2616 section 14.9</a>), you can use other servlet filters or <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_headers.html">Apache Httpd
+    mod_headers</a> module.
+    </p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Expires_Filter/Basic_configuration_sample">Basic configuration sample</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+    Basic configuration to add '<code>Expires</code>' and '<code>Cache-Control: max-age=</code>'
+    headers to images, CSS and JavaScript.
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;filter&gt;
+ &lt;filter-name&gt;ExpiresFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+ &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.ExpiresFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+ &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType image&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;access plus 10 minutes&lt;/param-value&gt;
+ &lt;/init-param&gt;
+ &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType text/css&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;access plus 10 minutes&lt;/param-value&gt;
+ &lt;/init-param&gt;
+ &lt;init-param&gt;
+    &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType text/javascript&lt;/param-name&gt;
+    &lt;param-value&gt;access plus 10 minutes&lt;/param-value&gt;
+ &lt;/init-param&gt;
+&lt;/filter&gt;
+...
+&lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+ &lt;filter-name&gt;ExpiresFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+ &lt;url-pattern&gt;/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+ &lt;dispatcher&gt;REQUEST&lt;/dispatcher&gt;
+&lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Alternate_Syntax">Alternate Syntax</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+    The <code>ExpiresDefault</code> and <code>ExpiresByType</code> directives can also be
+    defined in a more readable syntax of the form:
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresDefault&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;&lt;base&gt; [plus] {&lt;num&gt; &lt;type&gt;}*&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;
+
+&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType type&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;&lt;base&gt; [plus] {&lt;num&gt; &lt;type&gt;}*&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;
+
+&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType type;encoding&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;&lt;base&gt; [plus] {&lt;num&gt; &lt;type&gt;}*&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+    where <code>&lt;base&gt;</code> is one of:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><code>access</code></li>
+    <li><code>now</code> (equivalent to '<code>access</code>')</li>
+    <li><code>modification</code></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+    The <code>plus</code> keyword is optional. <code>&lt;num&gt;</code> should be an
+    integer value (acceptable to <code>Integer.parseInt()</code>), and
+    <code>&lt;type&gt;</code> is one of:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><code>year</code>, <code>years</code></li>
+    <li><code>month</code>, <code>months</code></li>
+    <li><code>week</code>, <code>weeks</code></li>
+    <li><code>day</code>, <code>days</code></li>
+    <li><code>hour</code>, <code>hours</code></li>
+    <li><code>minute</code>, <code>minutes</code></li>
+    <li><code>second</code>, <code>seconds</code></li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>
+    For example, any of the following directives can be used to make documents
+    expire 1 month after being accessed, by default:
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresDefault&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;access plus 1 month&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;
+
+&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresDefault&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;access plus 4 weeks&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;
+
+&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresDefault&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;access plus 30 days&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+The expiry time can be fine-tuned by adding several
+'<code>&lt;num&gt; &lt;type&gt;</code>' clauses:
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType text/html&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;access plus 1 month 15 days 2 hours&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;
+
+&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType image/gif&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;modification plus 5 hours 3 minutes&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+    Note that if you use a modification date based setting, the <code>Expires</code>
+    header will <strong>not</strong> be added to content that does not come from
+    a file on disk. This is due to the fact that there is no modification time
+    for such content.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Expiration_headers_generation_eligibility">Expiration headers generation eligibility</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+    A response is eligible to be enriched by <code>ExpiresFilter</code> if :
+    </p>
+    <ol>
+    <li>no expiration header is defined (<code>Expires</code> header or the
+    <code>max-age</code> directive of the <code>Cache-Control</code> header),</li>
+    <li>the response status code is not excluded by the directive
+    <code>ExpiresExcludedResponseStatusCodes</code>,</li>
+    <li>the <code>Content-Type</code> of the response matches one of the types
+    defined the in <code>ExpiresByType</code> directives or the
+    <code>ExpiresDefault</code> directive is defined.</li>
+    </ol>
+
+    <p>
+    Note : If <code>Cache-Control</code> header contains other directives than
+    <code>max-age</code>, they are concatenated with the <code>max-age</code> directive
+    that is added by the <code>ExpiresFilter</code>.
+    </p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Expiration_configuration_selection">Expiration configuration selection</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+    The expiration configuration if elected according to the following algorithm:
+    </p>
+    <ol>
+    <li><code>ExpiresByType</code> matching the exact content-type returned by
+    <code>HttpServletResponse.getContentType()</code> possibly including the charset
+    (e.g. '<code>text/xml;charset=UTF-8</code>'),</li>
+    <li><code>ExpiresByType</code> matching the content-type without the charset if
+    <code>HttpServletResponse.getContentType()</code> contains a charset (e.g.
+    '<code>text/xml;charset=UTF-8</code>' -&gt; '<code>text/xml</code>'),</li>
+    <li><code>ExpiresByType</code> matching the major type (e.g. substring before
+    '<code>/</code>') of <code>HttpServletResponse.getContentType()</code>
+    (e.g. '<code>text/xml;charset=UTF-8</code>' -&gt; '<code>text</code>'),</li>
+    <li><code>ExpiresDefault</code></li>
+    </ol>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Expires_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Expires Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.ExpiresFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Expires_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Expires Filter</strong> supports the following
+    initialisation parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ExpiresExcludedResponseStatusCodes</code></td><td>
+         <p>
+         This directive defines the http response status codes for which the
+         <code>ExpiresFilter</code> will not generate expiration headers. By default, the
+         <code>304</code> status code ("<code>Not modified</code>") is skipped. The
+         value is a comma separated list of http status codes.
+         </p>
+         <p>
+         This directive is useful to ease usage of <code>ExpiresDefault</code> directive.
+         Indeed, the behavior of <code>304 Not modified</code> (which does specify a
+         <code>Content-Type</code> header) combined with <code>Expires</code> and
+         <code>Cache-Control:max-age=</code> headers can be unnecessarily tricky to
+         understand.
+         </p>
+         <p><i>See sample below the table</i></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ExpiresByType &lt;content-type&gt;</code></td><td>
+         <p>
+         This directive defines the value of the <code>Expires</code> header and the
+         <code>max-age</code> directive of the <code>Cache-Control</code> header generated for
+         documents of the specified type (<i>e.g.</i>, <code>text/html</code>). The second
+         argument sets the number of seconds that will be added to a base time to
+         construct the expiration date. The <code>Cache-Control: max-age</code> is
+         calculated by subtracting the request time from the expiration date and
+         expressing the result in seconds.
+         </p>
+         <p>
+         The base time is either the last modification time of the file, or the time
+         of the client's access to the document. Which should be used is
+         specified by the <code>&lt;code&gt;</code> field; <code>M</code> means that the
+         file's last modification time should be used as the base time, and
+         <code>A</code> means the client's access time should be used. The duration
+         is expressed in seconds. <code>A2592000</code> stands for
+         <code>access plus 30 days</code> in alternate syntax.
+         </p>
+         <p>
+         The difference in effect is subtle. If <code>M</code> (<code>modification</code> in
+         alternate syntax) is used, all current copies of the document in all caches
+         will expire at the same time, which can be good for something like a weekly
+         notice that's always found at the same URL. If <code>A</code> (
+         <code>access</code> or <code>now</code> in alternate syntax) is used, the date of
+         expiration is different for each client; this can be good for image files
+         that don't change very often, particularly for a set of related
+         documents that all refer to the same images (<i>i.e.</i>, the images will be
+         accessed repeatedly within a relatively short timespan).
+         </p>
+         <p>
+         <strong>Note:</strong> When the content type includes a charset (e.g.
+         <code>'ExpiresByType text/xml;charset=utf-8'</code>), Tomcat removes blank chars
+         between the '<code>;</code>' and the '<code>charset</code>' keyword. Due to this,
+         configuration of an expiration with a charset must <strong>not</strong> include
+         such a space character.
+         </p>
+         <p><i>See sample below the table</i></p>
+         <p>
+         It overrides, for the specified MIME type <i>only</i>, any
+         expiration date set by the <code>ExpiresDefault</code> directive.
+         </p>
+         <p>
+         You can also specify the expiration time calculation using an alternate
+         syntax, described earlier in this document.
+         </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ExpiresDefault</code></td><td>
+         <p>
+         This directive sets the default algorithm for calculating the
+         expiration time for all documents in the affected realm. It can be
+         overridden on a type-by-type basis by the <code>ExpiresByType</code> directive. See the
+         description of that directive for details about the syntax of the
+         argument, and the "alternate syntax"
+         description as well.
+         </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p><i>Sample: exclude response status codes 302, 500 and 503</i></p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;init-param&gt;
+ &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresExcludedResponseStatusCodes&lt;/param-name&gt;
+ &lt;param-value&gt;302, 500, 503&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p><i>Sample for ExpiresByType initialization parameter</i></p>
+
+         <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;init-param&gt;
+   &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType text/html&lt;/param-name&gt;
+   &lt;param-value&gt;access plus 1 month 15   days 2 hours&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;
+
+&lt;init-param&gt;
+   &lt;!-- 2592000 seconds = 30 days --&gt;
+   &lt;param-name&gt;ExpiresByType image/gif&lt;/param-name&gt;
+   &lt;param-value&gt;A2592000&lt;/param-value&gt;
+&lt;/init-param&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+    To troubleshoot, enable logging on the
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.filters.ExpiresFilter</code>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+    Extract of logging.properties
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.ExpiresFilter.level = FINE    </code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+    Sample of initialization log message:
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Mar 26, 2010 2:01:41 PM org.apache.catalina.filters.ExpiresFilter init
+FINE: Filter initialized with configuration ExpiresFilter[
+ excludedResponseStatusCode=[304],
+ default=null,
+ byType={
+    image=ExpiresConfiguration[startingPoint=ACCESS_TIME, duration=[10 MINUTE]],
+    text/css=ExpiresConfiguration[startingPoint=ACCESS_TIME, duration=[10 MINUTE]],
+    text/javascript=ExpiresConfiguration[startingPoint=ACCESS_TIME, duration=[10 MINUTE]]}]</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+    Sample of per-request log message where <code>ExpiresFilter</code> adds an
+    expiration date is below. The message is on one line and is wrapped here
+    for better readability.
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Mar 26, 2010 2:09:47 PM org.apache.catalina.filters.ExpiresFilter onBeforeWriteResponseBody
+FINE: Request "/tomcat.gif" with response status "200"
+ content-type "image/gif", set expiration date 3/26/10 2:19 PM</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+    Sample of per-request log message where <code>ExpiresFilter</code> does not add
+    an expiration date:
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Mar 26, 2010 2:10:27 PM org.apache.catalina.filters.ExpiresFilter onBeforeWriteResponseBody
+FINE: Request "/docs/config/manager.html" with response status "200"
+ content-type "text/html", no expiration configured</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Failed_Request_Filter">Failed Request Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Failed_Request_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>This filter triggers parameters parsing in a request and rejects the
+    request if some parameters were skipped during parameter parsing because
+    of parsing errors or request size limitations (such as
+    <code>maxParameterCount</code> attribute in a
+    <a href="http.html">Connector</a>).
+    This filter can be used to ensure that none parameter values submitted by
+    client are lost.</p>
+
+    <p>Note that parameter parsing may consume the body of an HTTP request, so
+    caution is needed if the servlet protected by this filter uses
+    <code>request.getInputStream()</code> or <code>request.getReader()</code>
+    calls. In general the risk of breaking a web application by adding this
+    filter is not so high, because parameter parsing does check content type
+    of the request before consuming the request body.</p>
+
+    <p>Note, that for the POST requests to be parsed correctly, a
+    <code>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</code> filter must be configured above
+    this one. See CharacterEncoding page in the FAQ for details.</p>
+
+    <p>The request is rejected with HTTP status code 400 (Bad Request).</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Failed_Request_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Failed Request Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.FailedRequestFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Failed_Request_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The Failed Request Filter does not support any initialization parameters.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="HTTP_Header_Security_Filter">HTTP Header Security Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="HTTP_Header_Security_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>There are a number of HTTP headers that can be added to the response to
+    improve the security of the connection. This filter provides a mechanism for
+    adding those headers. Note that security related headers with more complex
+    requirements, like CORS, are implemented as separate Filters.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="HTTP_Header_Security_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the HTTP Header Security Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.HttpHeaderSecurityFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="HTTP_Header_Security_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The HTTP Header Security Filter supports the following initialization
+    parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hstsEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>Will an HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) header
+        (<code>Strict-Transport-Security</code>) be set on the response for
+        secure requests. Any HSTS header already present will be replaced. See
+        <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6797">RFC 6797</a> for further
+        details of HSTS. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hstsMaxAgeSeconds</code></td><td>
+        <p>The max age value that should be used in the HSTS header. Negative
+        values will be treated as zero. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>0</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hstsIncludeSubDomains</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should the includeSubDomains parameter be included in the HSTS
+        header. If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will
+        be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hstsPreload</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should the preload parameter be included in the HSTS header. If not
+        specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used. See
+        <a href="https://hstspreload.org/">https://hstspreload.org</a> for
+        important information about this parameter.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">antiClickJackingEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should the anti click-jacking header (<code>X-Frame-Options</code>)
+        be set on the response. Any anti click-jacking header already present
+        will be replaced. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">antiClickJackingOption</code></td><td>
+        <p>What value should be used for the anticlick-jacking header? Must be
+        one of <code>DENY</code>, <code>SAMEORIGIN</code>,
+        <code>ALLOW-FROM </code> (case-insensitive). If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>DENY</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">antiClickJackingUri</code></td><td>
+        <p>If ALLOW-FROM is used for <strong>antiClickJackingOption</strong>,
+        what URI should be allowed? If not specified, the default value of an
+        empty string will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">blockContentTypeSniffingEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should the header that blocks content type sniffing
+        (<code>X-Content-Type-Options</code>) be set on every response. If
+        already present, the header will be replaced. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">xssProtectionEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should the header that enables the browser's cross-site scripting
+        filter protection (<code>X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block</code>)
+        be set on every response. If already present, the header
+        will be replaced. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Remote_Address_Filter">Remote Address Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote Address Filter</strong> allows you to compare the
+    IP address of the client that submitted this request against one or more
+    <em>regular expressions</em>, and either allow the request to continue
+    or refuse to process the request from this client. </p>
+
+    <p>The syntax for <em>regular expressions</em> is different than that for
+    'standard' wildcard matching. Tomcat uses the <code>java.util.regex</code>
+    package. Please consult the Java documentation for details of the
+    expressions supported.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> There is a caveat when using this filter with
+    IPv6 addresses. Format of the IP address that this valve is processing
+    depends on the API that was used to obtain it. If the address was obtained
+    from Java socket using Inet6Address class, its format will be
+    <code>x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x</code>. That is, the IP address for localhost
+    will be <code>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</code> instead of the more widely used
+    <code>::1</code>. Consult your access logs for the actual value.</p>
+
+    <p>See also: <a href="#Remote_Host_Filter">Remote Host Filter</a>.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Remote Address Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteAddrFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote Address Filter</strong> supports the following
+    initialisation parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allow</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the
+        remote client's IP address is compared to.  If this attribute
+        is specified, the remote address MUST match for this request to be
+        accepted.  If this attribute is not specified, all requests will be
+        accepted UNLESS the remote address matches a <code>deny</code>
+        pattern.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deny</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the
+        remote client's IP address is compared to.  If this attribute
+        is specified, the remote address MUST NOT match for this request to be
+        accepted.  If this attribute is not specified, request acceptance is
+        governed solely by the <code>accept</code> attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">denyStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>HTTP response status code that is used when rejecting denied
+        request. The default value is <code>403</code>. For example,
+        it can be set to the value <code>404</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Filter/Example">Example</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To allow access only for the clients connecting from localhost:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>    &lt;filter&gt;
+      &lt;filter-name&gt;Remote Address Filter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+      &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteAddrFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+      &lt;init-param&gt;
+        &lt;param-name&gt;allow&lt;/param-name&gt;
+        &lt;param-value&gt;127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1&lt;/param-value&gt;
+      &lt;/init-param&gt;
+    &lt;/filter&gt;
+    &lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+      &lt;filter-name&gt;Remote Address Filter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+      &lt;url-pattern&gt;/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+    &lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Remote_Host_Filter">Remote Host Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Host_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote Host Filter</strong> allows you to compare the
+    hostname of the client that submitted this request against one or more
+    <em>regular expressions</em>, and either allow the request to continue
+    or refuse to process the request from this client. </p>
+
+    <p>The syntax for <em>regular expressions</em> is different than that for
+    'standard' wildcard matching. Tomcat uses the <code>java.util.regex</code>
+    package. Please consult the Java documentation for details of the
+    expressions supported.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> This filter processes the value returned by
+    method <code>ServletRequest.getRemoteHost()</code>. To allow the method
+    to return proper host names, you have to enable "DNS lookups" feature on
+    a <strong>Connector</strong>.</p>
+
+    <p>See also: <a href="#Remote_Address_Filter">Remote Address Filter</a>,
+    <a href="http.html">HTTP Connector</a> configuration.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Host_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Remote Address Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteHostFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Host_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote Host Filter</strong> supports the following
+    initialisation parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allow</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the
+        remote client's hostname is compared to.  If this attribute
+        is specified, the remote hostname MUST match for this request to be
+        accepted.  If this attribute is not specified, all requests will be
+        accepted UNLESS the remote hostname matches a <code>deny</code>
+        pattern.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deny</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the
+        remote client's hostname is compared to.  If this attribute
+        is specified, the remote hostname MUST NOT match for this request to be
+        accepted.  If this attribute is not specified, request acceptance is
+        governed solely by the <code>accept</code> attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">denyStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>HTTP response status code that is used when rejecting denied
+        request. The default value is <code>403</code>. For example,
+        it can be set to the value <code>404</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Remote_CIDR_Filter">Remote CIDR Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote CIDR Filter</strong> allows you to compare the
+      IP address of the client that submitted this request against one or more
+      netmasks following the CIDR notation, and either allow the request to
+      continue or refuse to process the request from this client. IPv4 and
+      IPv6 are both fully supported.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>This filter mimics Apache httpd's <code>Order</code>,
+      <code>Allow from</code> and <code>Deny from</code> directives,
+      with the following limitations:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><code>Order</code> will always be <code>allow, deny</code>;</li>
+      <li>dotted quad notations for netmasks are not supported (that is, you
+        cannot write <code>192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</code>, you must write
+        <code>192.168.1.0/24</code>;
+      </li>
+      <li>shortcuts, like <code>10.10.</code>, which is equivalent to
+        <code>10.10.0.0/16</code>, are not supported;
+      </li>
+      <li>as the filter name says, this is a CIDR only filter,
+        therefore subdomain notations like <code>.mydomain.com</code> are not
+        supported either.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>Some more features of this filter are:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>if you omit the CIDR prefix, this filter becomes a single IP
+      filter;</li>
+      <li>unlike the <a href="#Remote_Host_Filter">Remote Host Filter</a>,
+      it can handle IPv6 addresses in condensed form (<code>::1</code>,
+      <code>fe80::/71</code>, etc).</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Remote Address Filter is
+      <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteCIDRFilter</code>
+      </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote CIDR Filter</strong> supports the following
+      initialisation parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allow</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma-separated list of IPv4 or IPv6 netmasks or addresses
+          that the remote client's IP address is matched against.
+          If this attribute is specified, the remote address MUST match
+          for this request to be accepted. If this attribute is not specified,
+          all requests will be accepted UNLESS the remote IP is matched by a
+          netmask in the <code>deny</code> attribute.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deny</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma-separated list of IPv4 or IPv6 netmasks or addresses
+          that the remote client's IP address is matched against.
+          If this attribute is specified, the remote address MUST NOT match
+          for this request to be accepted. If this attribute is not specified,
+          request acceptance is governed solely by the <code>accept</code>
+          attribute.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Filter/Example">Example</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To allow access only for the clients connecting from localhost:</p>
+    <pre>
+      &lt;filter&gt;
+      &lt;filter-name&gt;Remote CIDR Filter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+      &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteCIDRFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+      &lt;init-param&gt;
+      &lt;param-name&gt;allow&lt;/param-name&gt;
+      &lt;param-value&gt;127.0.0.0/8, ::1&lt;/param-value&gt;
+      &lt;/init-param&gt;
+      &lt;/filter&gt;
+      &lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+      &lt;filter-name&gt;Remote CIDR Filter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+      &lt;url-pattern&gt;/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+      &lt;/filter-mapping&gt;
+    </pre>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Remote_IP_Filter">Remote IP Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_IP_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Tomcat port of
+    <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a>,
+    this filter replaces the apparent client remote IP address and hostname for
+    the request with the IP address list presented by a proxy or a load balancer
+    via a request headers (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For").</p>
+
+    <p>Another feature of this filter is to replace the apparent scheme
+    (http/https), server port and <code>request.secure</code> with the scheme presented
+    by a proxy or a load balancer via a request header
+    (e.g. "X-Forwarded-Proto").</p>
+
+    <p>If used in conjunction with Remote Address/Host filters then this filter
+    should be defined first to ensure that the correct client IP address is
+    presented to the Remote Address/Host filters.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> By default this filter has no effect on the
+    values that are written into access log. The original values are restored
+    when request processing leaves the filter and that always happens earlier
+    than access logging. To pass the remote address, remote host, server port
+    and protocol values set by this filter to the access log,
+    they are put into request attributes. Publishing these values here
+    is enabled by default, but <code>AccessLogValve</code> should be explicitly
+    configured to use them. See documentation for
+    <code>requestAttributesEnabled</code> attribute of
+    <code>AccessLogValve</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>The names of request attributes that are set by this filter
+    and can be used by access logging are the following:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.RemoteAddr</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.RemoteHost</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.Protocol</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.ServerPort</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.remoteAddr</code></li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_IP_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Remote IP Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteIpFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Basic_configuration_to_handle_'x-forwarded-for'">Basic configuration to handle 'x-forwarded-for'</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+    The filter will process the <code>x-forwarded-for</code> http header.
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>      &lt;filter&gt;
+        &lt;filter-name&gt;RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+        &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+      &lt;/filter&gt;
+
+      &lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+        &lt;filter-name&gt;RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+        &lt;url-pattern&gt;/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+        &lt;dispatcher&gt;REQUEST&lt;/dispatcher&gt;
+      &lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Basic_configuration_to_handle_'x-forwarded-for'_and_'x-forwarded-proto'">Basic configuration to handle 'x-forwarded-for' and 'x-forwarded-proto'</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+    The filter will process <code>x-forwarded-for</code> and
+    <code>x-forwarded-proto</code> http headers. Expected value for the
+    <code>x-forwarded-proto</code> header in case of SSL connections is
+    <code>https</code> (case insensitive). </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>      &lt;filter&gt;
+        &lt;filter-name&gt;RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+        &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+        &lt;init-param&gt;
+          &lt;param-name&gt;protocolHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+          &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-proto&lt;/param-value&gt;
+        &lt;/init-param&gt;
+      &lt;/filter&gt;
+
+      &lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+        &lt;filter-name&gt;RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+        &lt;url-pattern&gt;/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+        &lt;dispatcher&gt;REQUEST&lt;/dispatcher&gt;
+      &lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Advanced_configuration_with_internal_proxies">Advanced configuration with internal proxies</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>RemoteIpFilter configuration: </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>     &lt;filter&gt;
+       &lt;filter-name&gt;RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+       &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;allowedInternalProxies&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;192\.168\.0\.10|192\.168\.0\.11&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;remoteIpHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-for&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;remoteIpProxiesHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-by&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;protocolHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-proto&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+     &lt;/filter&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>Request values:</p>
+    <table class="defaultTable">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Property</th>
+        <th>Value Before RemoteIpFilter</th>
+        <th>Value After RemoteIpFilter</th>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.remoteAddr </td>
+        <td> 192.168.0.10 </td>
+        <td> 140.211.11.130 </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-for'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> 140.211.11.130, 192.168.0.10 </td>
+        <td> null </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-by'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> null </td>
+        <td> null </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-proto'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> https </td>
+        <td> https </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.scheme </td>
+        <td> http </td>
+        <td> https </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.secure </td>
+        <td> false </td>
+        <td> true </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.serverPort </td>
+        <td> 80 </td>
+        <td> 443 </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+
+    <p>
+    Note : <code>x-forwarded-by</code> header is <code>null</code> because only
+    internal proxies has been traversed by the request.
+    <code>x-forwarded-for</code> is <code>null</code> because all the proxies are
+    trusted or internal.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Advanced_configuration_with_trusted_proxies">Advanced configuration with trusted proxies</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>RemoteIpFilter configuration: </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>     &lt;filter&gt;
+       &lt;filter-name&gt;RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+       &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;allowedInternalProxies&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;192\.168\.0\.10|192\.168\.0\.11&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;remoteIpHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-for&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;remoteIpProxiesHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-by&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;trustedProxies&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;proxy1|proxy2&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+     &lt;/filter&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>Request values:</p>
+    <table class="defaultTable">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Property</th>
+        <th>Value Before RemoteIpFilter</th>
+        <th>Value After RemoteIpFilter</th>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.remoteAddr </td>
+        <td> 192.168.0.10 </td>
+        <td> 140.211.11.130 </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-for'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> 140.211.11.130, proxy1, proxy2 </td>
+        <td> null </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-by'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> null </td>
+        <td> proxy1, proxy2 </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+
+    <p>
+    Note : <code>proxy1</code> and <code>proxy2</code> are both trusted proxies that
+    come in <code>x-forwarded-for</code> header, they both are migrated in
+    <code>x-forwarded-by</code> header. <code>x-forwarded-for</code> is <code>null</code>
+    because all the proxies are trusted or internal.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Advanced_configuration_with_internal_and_trusted_proxies">Advanced configuration with internal and trusted proxies</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>RemoteIpFilter configuration: </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>     &lt;filter&gt;
+       &lt;filter-name&gt;RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+       &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;allowedInternalProxies&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;192\.168\.0\.10|192\.168\.0\.11&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;remoteIpHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-for&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;remoteIpProxiesHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-by&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;trustedProxies&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;proxy1|proxy2&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+     &lt;/filter&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>Request values:</p>
+    <table class="defaultTable">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Property</th>
+        <th>Value Before RemoteIpFilter</th>
+        <th>Value After RemoteIpFilter</th>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.remoteAddr </td>
+        <td> 192.168.0.10 </td>
+        <td> 140.211.11.130 </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-for'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> 140.211.11.130, proxy1, proxy2, 192.168.0.10 </td>
+        <td> null </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-by'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> null </td>
+        <td> proxy1, proxy2 </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+
+    <p>
+    Note : <code>proxy1</code> and <code>proxy2</code> are both trusted proxies that
+    come in <code>x-forwarded-for</code> header, they both are migrated in
+    <code>x-forwarded-by</code> header. As <code>192.168.0.10</code> is an internal
+    proxy, it does not appear in <code>x-forwarded-by</code>.
+    <code>x-forwarded-for</code> is <code>null</code> because all the proxies are
+    trusted or internal.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Advanced_configuration_with_an_untrusted_proxy">Advanced configuration with an untrusted proxy</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>RemoteIpFilter configuration: </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>     &lt;filter&gt;
+       &lt;filter-name&gt;RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+       &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.RemoteIpFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;allowedInternalProxies&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;192\.168\.0\.10|192\.168\.0\.11&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;remoteIpHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-for&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;remoteIpProxiesHeader&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;x-forwarded-by&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+       &lt;init-param&gt;
+         &lt;param-name&gt;trustedProxies&lt;/param-name&gt;
+         &lt;param-value&gt;proxy1|proxy2&lt;/param-value&gt;
+       &lt;/init-param&gt;
+     &lt;/filter&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>Request values:</p>
+    <table class="defaultTable">
+      <tr>
+        <th>Property</th>
+        <th>Value Before RemoteIpFilter</th>
+        <th>Value After RemoteIpFilter</th>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.remoteAddr </td>
+        <td> 192.168.0.10 </td>
+        <td> untrusted-proxy </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-for'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> 140.211.11.130, untrusted-proxy, proxy1 </td>
+        <td> 140.211.11.130 </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td> request.header<code>[</code>'x-forwarded-by'<code>]</code> </td>
+        <td> null </td>
+        <td> proxy1 </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+
+    <p>
+    Note : <code>x-forwarded-by</code> holds the trusted proxy <code>proxy1</code>.
+    <code>x-forwarded-by</code> holds <code>140.211.11.130</code> because
+    <code>untrusted-proxy</code> is not trusted and thus, we cannot trust that
+    <code>untrusted-proxy</code> is the actual remote ip.
+    <code>request.remoteAddr</code> is <code>untrusted-proxy</code> that is an IP
+    verified by <code>proxy1</code>.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_IP_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote IP Filter</strong> supports the
+    following initialisation parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">enableLookups</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should a DNS lookup be performed to provide a host name when calling
+        <code>ServletRequest#getRemoteHost()</code>. If not specified, the
+        default of <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">remoteIpHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP Header read by this valve that holds the list of
+        traversed IP addresses starting from the requesting client. If not
+        specified, the default of <code>x-forwarded-for</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">internalProxies</code></td><td>
+        <p>Regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that a
+        proxy's IP address must match to be considered an internal proxy.
+        Internal proxies that appear in the <strong>remoteIpHeader</strong> will
+        be trusted and will not appear in the <strong>proxiesHeader</strong>
+        value. If not specified the default value of <code>
+        10\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|192\.168\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|169\.254\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|127\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|100\.6[4-9]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|100\.[7-9]{1}\d{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|100\.1[0-1]{1}\d{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|100\.12[0-7]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.1[6-9]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.2[0-9]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.3[0-1]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
+        </code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">proxiesHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP header created by this valve to hold the list of
+        proxies that have been processed in the incoming
+        <strong>remoteIpHeader</strong>. If not specified, the default of
+        <code>x-forwarded-by</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">requestAttributesEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> to set the request attributes used by
+        AccessLog implementations to override the values returned by the
+        request for remote address, remote host, server port and protocol.
+        Request attributes are also used to enable the forwarded remote address
+        to be displayed on the status page of the Manager web application.
+        If not set, the default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">trustedProxies</code></td><td>
+        <p>Regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that a
+        proxy's IP address must match to be considered an trusted proxy.
+        Trusted proxies that appear in the <strong>remoteIpHeader</strong> will
+        be trusted and will appear in the <strong>proxiesHeader</strong> value.
+        If not specified, no proxies will be trusted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">protocolHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP Header read by this valve that holds the protocol
+        used by the client to connect to the proxy. If not specified, the
+        default of <code>X-Forwarded-Proto</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hostHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP Header read by this valve that holds the host
+        used by the client to connect to the proxy. If not specified, the
+        default of <code>null</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">portHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP Header read by this valve that holds the port
+        used by the client to connect to the proxy. If not specified, the
+        default of <code>null</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">protocolHeaderHttpsValue</code></td><td>
+        <p>Value of the <strong>protocolHeader</strong> to indicate that it is
+        an HTTPS request. If not specified, the default of <code>https</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">httpServerPort</code></td><td>
+        <p>Value returned by <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code>
+        when the <strong>protocolHeader</strong> indicates <code>http</code>
+        protocol and no <strong>portHeader</strong> is present. If not
+        specified, the default of <code>80</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">httpsServerPort</code></td><td>
+        <p>Value returned by <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code>
+        when the <strong>protocolHeader</strong> indicates <code>https</code>
+        protocol and no <strong>portHeader</strong> is present. If not
+        specified, the default of <code>443</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeLocalName</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the value returned by
+        <code>ServletRequest.getLocalName()</code> and
+        <code>ServletRequest.getServerName()</code> is modified by the this
+        filter. If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeLocalPort</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the value returned by
+        <code>ServletRequest.getLocalPort()</code> and
+        <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code> is modified by the this
+        filter. If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Request_Dumper_Filter">Request Dumper Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Request_Dumper_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The Request Dumper Filter logs information from the request and response
+    objects and is intended to be used for debugging purposes. When using this
+    Filter, it is recommended that the
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.filter.RequestDumperFilter</code> logger is
+    directed to a dedicated file and that the
+    <code>org.apache.juli.VerbatimFormatter</code> is used.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>WARNING: Using this filter has side-effects.</strong>  The
+    output from this filter includes any parameters included with the request.
+    The parameters will be decoded using the default platform encoding. Any
+    subsequent calls to <code>request.setCharacterEncoding()</code> within
+    the web application will have no effect.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Request_Dumper_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Request Dumper Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.RequestDumperFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Request_Dumper_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The Request Dumper Filter does not support any initialization
+    parameters.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Request_Dumper_Filter/Sample_Configuration">Sample Configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The following entries in a web application's web.xml would enable the
+    Request Dumper filter for all requests for that web application. If the
+    entries were added to <code>CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code>, the Request
+    Dumper Filter would be enabled for all web applications.</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;filter&gt;
+    &lt;filter-name&gt;requestdumper&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+    &lt;filter-class&gt;
+        org.apache.catalina.filters.RequestDumperFilter
+    &lt;/filter-class&gt;
+&lt;/filter&gt;
+&lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+    &lt;filter-name&gt;requestdumper&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+    &lt;url-pattern&gt;*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+&lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The following entries in CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties would
+    create a separate log file for the Request Dumper Filter output.</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code># To this configuration below, 1request-dumper.org.apache.juli.FileHandler
+# also needs to be added to the handlers property near the top of the file
+1request-dumper.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = INFO
+1request-dumper.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+1request-dumper.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = request-dumper.
+1request-dumper.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+1request-dumper.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.formatter = org.apache.juli.VerbatimFormatter
+org.apache.catalina.filters.RequestDumperFilter.level = INFO
+org.apache.catalina.filters.RequestDumperFilter.handlers = \
+  1request-dumper.org.apache.juli.FileHandler</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Session_Initializer_Filter">Session Initializer Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Session_Initializer_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>The Session Initializer Filter initializes the <code>javax.servlet.http.HttpSession</code>
+    before the Request is processed.  This is required for JSR-356 compliant WebSocket implementations,
+    if the <code>HttpSession</code> is needed during the HandShake phase.</p>
+
+    <p>The Java API for WebSocket does not mandate that an <code>HttpSession</code> would
+    be initialized upon request, and thus <code>javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest</code>'s
+    <code>getSession()</code> returns <code>null</code> if the <code>HttpSession</code> was not
+    initialized in advance.</p>
+
+    <p>This filter solves that problem by initializing the HttpSession for any <code>HttpServletRequest</code>
+    that matches its <code>url-pattern</code>.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Session_Initializer_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>The filter class name for the Session Initializer Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.SessionInitializerFilter</code></strong>.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Session_Initializer_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>The Session Initializer Filter does not support any initialization parameters.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Session_Initializer_Filter/Sample_Configuration">Sample Configuration</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>The following entries in the Web Application Deployment Descriptor, <strong>web.xml</strong>,
+    would enable the Session Initializer Filter for requests that match the given URL pattern
+    (in this example, "/ws/*").</p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;filter&gt;
+    &lt;filter-name&gt;SessionInitializer&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+    &lt;filter-class&gt;org.apache.catalina.filters.SessionInitializerFilter&lt;/filter-class&gt;
+&lt;/filter&gt;
+&lt;filter-mapping&gt;
+    &lt;filter-name&gt;SessionInitializer&lt;/filter-name&gt;
+    &lt;url-pattern&gt;/ws/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+&lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Set_Character_Encoding_Filter">Set Character Encoding Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Set_Character_Encoding_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>User agents don't always include character encoding information in
+    requests. Depending on the how the request is processed, usually the
+    default encoding of ISO-8859-1 is used. This is not always
+    desirable. This filter provides options for setting that encoding or
+    forcing it to a particular value. Essentially this filter calls
+    <code>ServletRequest.setCharacterEncoding()</code> method.</p>
+
+    <p>Effectively the value set by this filter is used when parsing parameters
+    in a POST request, if parameter parsing occurs later than this filter. Thus
+    the order of filter mappings is important. Note that the encoding for GET
+    requests is not set here, but on a <b>Connector</b>. See
+    CharacterEncoding page in the FAQ for details.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Set_Character_Encoding_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the Set Character Encoding Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Set_Character_Encoding_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The Set Character Encoding Filter supports the following initialization
+    parameters:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">encoding</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the character encoding which should be set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ignore</code></td><td>
+        <p>Determines if any character encoding specified by the user agent is
+        ignored. If this attribute is <code>true</code>, any value provided by
+        the user agent is ignored. If <code>false</code>, the encoding is only
+        set if the user agent did not specify an encoding. The default value
+        is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="WebDAV_Fix_Filter">WebDAV Fix Filter</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="WebDAV_Fix_Filter/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Microsoft operating systems have two WebDAV clients. One is used with
+    port 80, the other is used for all other ports. The implementation used with
+    port 80 does not adhere to the WebDAV specification and fails when trying to
+    communicate with the Tomcat WebDAV Servlet. This Filter provides a fix for
+    this by forcing the use of the WebDAV implementation that works, even when
+    connecting via port 80.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="WebDAV_Fix_Filter/Filter_Class_Name">Filter Class Name</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The filter class name for the WebDAV Fix Filter is
+    <strong><code>org.apache.catalina.filters.WebdavFixFilter</code>
+    </strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="WebDAV_Fix_Filter/Initialisation_parameters">Initialisation parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The WebDAV Fix Filter does not support any initialization parameters.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The GlobalNamingResources Component</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The GlobalNamingResources Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a><ol><li><a href="#Environment_Entries">Environment Entries</a></li><li><a href="#Resource_Definitions">Resource Definitions</a></li><li><a href="#Resource_Links">Resource Links</a></li><li><a href="#Transaction">Transaction</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>GlobalNamingResources</strong> element defines the global
+  JNDI resources for the <a href="server.html">Server</a>.</p>
+
+  <p>These resources are listed in the server's global JNDI resource context.
+   This context is distinct from the per-web-application JNDI contexts
+  described in
+  the <a href="../jndi-resources-howto.html">JNDI Resources How-To</a>.
+  The resources defined in this element are <strong>not</strong> visible in
+  the per-web-application contexts unless you explicitly link them with
+  <a href="context.html#Resource_Links">&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</a> elements.
+  </p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Environment_Entries">Environment Entries</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>You can configure named values that will be made visible to all
+    web applications as environment entry resources by nesting
+    <code>&lt;Environment&gt;</code> entries inside this element. For
+    example, you can create an environment entry like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;GlobalNamingResources ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Environment name="maxExemptions" value="10"
+         type="java.lang.Integer" override="false"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/GlobalNamingResources&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>This is equivalent to the inclusion of the following element in the
+    web application deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>):
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;env-entry&gt;
+  &lt;env-entry-name&gt;maxExemptions&lt;/env-entry-name&gt;
+  &lt;env-entry-value&gt;10&lt;/env-entry-value&gt;
+  &lt;env-entry-type&gt;java.lang.Integer&lt;/env-entry-type&gt;
+&lt;/env-entry&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>but does <em>not</em> require modification of the deployment descriptor
+    to customize this value.</p>
+
+    <p>The valid attributes for an <code>&lt;Environment&gt;</code> element
+    are as follows:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">description</code></td><td>
+        <p>Optional, human-readable description of this environment entry.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the environment entry to be created, relative to the
+        <code>java:comp/env</code> context.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">override</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set this to <code>false</code> if you do <strong>not</strong> want
+        an <code>&lt;env-entry&gt;</code> for the same environment entry name,
+        found in the web application deployment descriptor, to override the
+        value specified here.  By default, overrides are allowed.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">type</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The fully qualified Java class name expected by the web application
+        for this environment entry.  Must be a legal value for
+        <code>&lt;env-entry-type&gt;</code> in the web application deployment
+        descriptor.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">value</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The parameter value that will be presented to the application
+        when requested from the JNDI context.  This value must be convertible
+        to the Java type defined by the <code>type</code> attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Resource_Definitions">Resource Definitions</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can declare the characteristics of resources
+    to be returned for JNDI lookups of <code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;</code> and
+    <code>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;</code> elements in the web application
+    deployment descriptor by defining them in this element and then linking
+    them with <a href="context.html#Resource_Links">&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</a>
+    elements
+    in the <code><strong>&lt;Context&gt;</strong></code> element.
+
+    You <strong>MUST</strong> also define any other needed parameters using
+    attributes on the Resource element, to configure
+    the object factory to be used (if not known to Tomcat already), and
+    the properties used to configure that object factory.</p>
+
+    <p>For example, you can create a resource definition like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;GlobalNamingResources ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Resource name="jdbc/EmployeeDB" auth="Container"
+            type="javax.sql.DataSource"
+     description="Employees Database for HR Applications"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/GlobalNamingResources&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>This is equivalent to the inclusion of the following element in the
+    web application deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>):</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;
+  &lt;description&gt;Employees Database for HR Applications&lt;/description&gt;
+  &lt;res-ref-name&gt;jdbc/EmployeeDB&lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
+  &lt;res-ref-type&gt;javax.sql.DataSource&lt;/res-ref-type&gt;
+  &lt;res-auth&gt;Container&lt;/res-auth&gt;
+&lt;/resource-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>but does <em>not</em> require modification of the deployment
+    descriptor to customize this value.</p>
+
+    <p>The valid attributes for a <code>&lt;Resource&gt;</code> element
+    are as follows:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">auth</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specify whether the web Application code signs on to the
+        corresponding resource manager programmatically, or whether the
+        Container will sign on to the resource manager on behalf of the
+        application.  The value of this attribute must be
+        <code>Application</code> or <code>Container</code>.  This
+        attribute is <strong>required</strong> if the web application
+        will use a <code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;</code> element in the web
+        application deployment descriptor, but is optional if the
+        application uses a <code>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;</code> instead.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">closeMethod</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the zero-argument method to call on a singleton resource when
+        it is no longer required. This is intended to speed up clean-up of
+        resources that would otherwise happen as part of garbage collection.
+        This attribute is ignored if the <code>singleton</code> attribute is
+        false. If not specified, no default is defined and no close method will
+        be called.</p>
+        <p>For Apache Commons DBCP 2 and Apache Tomcat JDBC connection pools
+        you can use <code>closeMethod="close"</code>. Note that Apache Commons
+        DBCP 2 requires this to be set for a clean shutdown. When using the
+        default Tomcat connection pool (based on DBCP 2) Tomcat will set this
+        attribute automatically unless it is explicitly set to the empty
+        string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">description</code></td><td>
+        <p>Optional, human-readable description of this resource.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the resource to be created, relative to the
+        <code>java:comp/env</code> context.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scope</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specify whether connections obtained through this resource
+        manager can be shared.  The value of this attribute must be
+        <code>Shareable</code> or <code>Unshareable</code>.  By default,
+        connections are assumed to be shareable.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">singleton</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specify whether this resource definition is for a singleton resource,
+        i.e. one where there is only a single instance of the resource. If this
+        attribute is <code>true</code>, multiple JNDI lookups for this resource
+        will return the same object. If this attribute is <code>false</code>,
+        multiple JNDI lookups for this resource will return different objects.
+        This attribute must be <code>true</code> for
+        <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> resources to enable JMX registration
+        of the DataSource. The value of this attribute must be <code>true</code>
+        or <code>false</code>. By default, this attribute is <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">type</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The fully qualified Java class name expected by the web
+        application when it performs a lookup for this resource.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Resource_Links">Resource Links</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Use <a href="context.html#Resource_Links"><code>&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</code></a>
+    elements to link resources from the global context into
+    per-web-application contexts. Here is an example of making a custom
+    factory available to an application, based on the example definition in the
+    <a href="../jndi-resources-howto.html#Generic_JavaBean_Resources">
+    JNDI Resource How-To</a>:
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  &lt;ResourceLink
+    name="bean/MyBeanFactory"
+    global="bean/MyBeanFactory"
+    type="com.mycompany.MyBean"
+  /&gt;
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+   </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Transaction">Transaction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can declare the characteristics of the UserTransaction
+    to be returned for JNDI lookup for <code>java:comp/UserTransaction</code>.
+    You <strong>MUST</strong> define an object factory class to instantiate
+    this object as well as the needed resource parameters as attributes of the
+    <code>Transaction</code>
+    element, and the properties used to configure that object factory.</p>
+
+    <p>The valid attributes for the <code>&lt;Transaction&gt;</code> element
+    are as follows:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">factory</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The class name for the JNDI object factory.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Host Container</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Host Container</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a><ol><li><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li><li><a href="#Access_Logs">Access Logs</a></li><li><a href="#Automatic_Application_Deployment">Automatic Application Deployment</a></li><li><a href="#Host_Name_Aliases">Host Name Aliases</a></li><li><a href="#Lifecycle_Listeners">Lifecycle Listeners</a></li><li><a href="#Request_Filters">Request Filters</a></li><li><a href="#Single_Sign_On">Single Sign On</a></li><li><a href="#User_Web_Applications">User Web Applications</a></li><li><a href="#Custom_context.xml_and_web.xml">Custom context.xml and web.xml</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>Host</strong> element represents a <em>virtual host</em>,
+  which is an association of a network name for a server (such as
+  "www.mycompany.com") with the particular server on which Tomcat is running.
+  For clients to be able to connect to a Tomcat server using its network name,
+  this name must be registered in the <em>Domain Name Service</em> (DNS) server
+  that manages the Internet domain you belong to - contact your Network
+  Administrator for more information.</p>
+
+  <p>In many cases, System Administrators wish to associate more than
+  one network name (such as <code>www.mycompany.com</code> and
+  <code>company.com</code>) with the same virtual host and applications.
+  This can be accomplished using the <a href="#Host_Name_Aliases">Host
+  Name Aliases</a> feature discussed below.</p>
+
+  <p>One or more <strong>Host</strong> elements are nested inside an
+  <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> element.  Inside the Host element, you
+  can nest <a href="context.html">Context</a> elements for the web
+  applications associated with this virtual host.  Exactly one of the Hosts
+  associated with each Engine MUST have a name matching the
+  <code>defaultHost</code> attribute of that Engine.</p>
+
+  <p>Clients normally use host names to identify the server they wish to connect
+  to. This host name is also included in the HTTP request headers. Tomcat
+  extracts the host name from the HTTP headers and looks for a
+  <strong>Host</strong> with a matching name. If no match is found, the request
+  is routed to the default host. The name of the default host does not have to
+  match a DNS name (although it can) since any request where the DNS name does
+  not match the name of a <strong>Host</strong> element will be routed to the
+  default host.</p>
+
+    <p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Host</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">appBase</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The <em>Application Base</em> directory for this virtual host.
+        This is the pathname of a directory that may contain web applications
+        to be deployed on this virtual host.  You may specify an
+        absolute pathname, or a pathname that is relative to the
+        <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code> directory.  See
+        <a href="#Automatic_Application_Deployment">Automatic Application
+        Deployment</a> for more information on automatic recognition and
+        deployment of web applications. If not specified, the default of
+        <code>webapps</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">xmlBase</code></td><td>
+        <p>The <em>XML Base</em> directory for this virtual host.
+        This is the pathname of a directory that may contain context XML
+        descriptors to be deployed on this virtual host.  You may specify an
+        absolute pathname for this directory, or a pathname that is relative
+        to the <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code> directory.  See
+        <a href="#Automatic_Application_Deployment">Automatic Application
+        Deployment</a> for more information on automatic recognition and
+        deployment of web applications. If not specified the default of
+        <code>conf/&lt;engine_name&gt;/&lt;host_name&gt;</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">createDirs</code></td><td>
+        <p>If set to <code>true</code>, Tomcat will attempt to create the
+        directories defined by the  attributes <code>appBase</code> and
+        <code>xmlBase</code> during the startup phase. The default value is
+        <code>true</code>. If set to <code>true</code>, and directory creation
+        fails, an error message will be printed out but will not halt the
+        startup sequence.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">autoDeploy</code></td><td>
+        <p>This flag value indicates if Tomcat should check periodically for new
+        or updated web applications while Tomcat is running. If
+        <code>true</code>, Tomcat periodically checks the <code>appBase</code>
+        and <code>xmlBase</code> directories and deploys any new web
+        applications or context XML descriptors found. Updated web applications
+        or context XML descriptors will trigger a reload of the web application.
+        The default is <code>true</code>. See
+        <a href="#Automatic_Application_Deployment">Automatic Application
+        Deployment</a> for more information.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">backgroundProcessorDelay</code></td><td>
+        <p>This value represents the delay in seconds between the
+        invocation of the backgroundProcess method on this host and
+        its child containers, including all contexts.
+        Child containers will not be invoked if their delay value is not
+        negative (which would mean they are using their own processing
+        thread). Setting this to a positive value will cause
+        a thread to be spawn. After waiting the specified amount of time,
+        the thread will invoke the backgroundProcess method on this host
+        and all its child containers. A host will use background processing to
+        perform live web application deployment related tasks. If not
+        specified, the default value for this attribute is -1, which means
+        the host will rely on the background processing setting of its parent
+        engine.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Host</code> interface.
+        If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deployIgnore</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression defining paths to ignore when
+        <code>autoDeploy</code> and <code>deployOnStartup</code> are set. This
+        allows you to keep your configuration in a version control system, for
+        example, and not deploy a <code>.svn</code>, <code>.git</code> or other
+        configuration control system folder that happens to be in the
+        <code>appBase</code>.</p>
+        <p>This regular expression is relative to <code>appBase</code>. It is
+        also <em>anchored</em>, meaning the match is performed against the
+        entire file/directory name. So, <code>foo</code> matches only a file or
+        directory named <code>foo</code> but not <code>foo.war</code>,
+        <code>foobar</code>, or <code>myfooapp</code>. To match anything with
+        "foo", you could use <code>.*foo.*</code>.</p>
+        <p>See <a href="#Automatic_Application_Deployment">Automatic Application
+        Deployment</a> for more information.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deployOnStartup</code></td><td>
+        <p>This flag value indicates if web applications from this host should
+        be automatically deployed when Tomcat starts. The default is
+        <code>true</code>.  See
+        <a href="#Automatic_Application_Deployment">Automatic Application
+        Deployment</a> for more information.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">failCtxIfServletStartFails</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> to have each child contexts fail its startup
+        if any of its servlet that has load-on-startup &gt;=0 fails its own
+        startup.</p>
+        <p>Each child context may override this attribute.</p>
+        <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Usually the network name of this virtual host, as registered in your
+        <em>Domain Name Service</em> server. Regardless of the case used to
+        specify the host name, Tomcat will convert it to lower case internally.
+        One of the Hosts nested within an <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> MUST
+        have a name that matches the <code>defaultHost</code> setting for that
+        Engine.  See <a href="#Host_Name_Aliases">Host Name Aliases</a> for
+        information on how to assign more than one network name to the same
+        virtual host. The name can not contain a wildcard, this is only
+        valid in an Alias.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">startStopThreads</code></td><td>
+        <p>The number of threads this <strong>Host</strong> will use to start
+        child <a href="context.html">Context</a> elements in parallel. The same
+        thread pool will be used to deploy new
+        <a href="context.html">Context</a>s if automatic deployment is being
+        used.
+        As the thread pool is shared at the Server level, if more than one
+        Host specifies this setting, only the maximum value will apply and will
+        be used for all except for the special value 1. If
+        not specified, the default value of 1 will be used. If 1 thread is
+        used then rather than using an <code>ExecutorService</code> the current
+        thread will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">undeployOldVersions</code></td><td>
+        <p>This flag determines if Tomcat, as part of the auto deployment
+        process, will check for old, unused versions of web applications
+        deployed using parallel deployment and, if any are found, remove them.
+        This flag only applies if <code>autoDeploy</code> is <code>true</code>.
+        If not specified the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Host</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost</strong>.
+    It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
+    common attributes listed above):</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">copyXML</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want a context XML descriptor
+        embedded inside the application (located at
+        <code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>) to be copied to <code>xmlBase</code>
+        when the application is deployed. On subsequent starts, the copied
+        context XML descriptor will be used in preference to any context XML
+        descriptor embedded inside the application even if the descriptor
+        embedded inside the application is more recent. The default is
+        <code>false</code>.  Note if <strong>deployXML</strong> is
+        <code>false</code>, this attribute will have no effect.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deployXML</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>false</code> if you want to disable parsing the context
+        XML descriptor embedded inside the application (located at
+        <code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>). Security conscious environments
+        should set this to <code>false</code> to prevent applications from
+        interacting with the container's configuration. The  administrator will
+        then be responsible for providing an external context configuration
+        file, and putting it in the location defined by the
+        <strong>xmlBase</strong> attribute. If this flag is <code>false</code>,
+        a descriptor is located at <code>/META-INF/context.xml</code> and no
+        descriptor is present in <strong>xmlBase</strong> then the context will
+        fail to start in case the descriptor contains necessary configuration
+        for secure deployment (such as a RemoteAddrValve) which should not be
+        ignored. The default is <code>true</code> unless a security manager is
+        enabled when the default is <code>false</code>. When running under a
+        security manager this may be enabled on a per web application basis by
+        granting the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission</code> to the web
+        application. The Manager and Host Manager applications are granted this
+        permission by default so that they continue to work when running under a
+        security manager.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">errorReportValveClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the error reporting valve which will be used
+        by this Host. The responsibility of this valve is to output error
+        reports. Setting this property allows to customize the look of the
+        error pages which will be generated by Tomcat. This class must
+        implement the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.Valve</code> interface. If none is specified,
+        the value <code>org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve</code>
+        will be used by default. if set to an empty string, the error report
+        will be disabled.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">unpackWARs</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want web applications that are
+        placed in the <code>appBase</code> directory as web application
+        archive (WAR) files to be unpacked into a corresponding disk directory
+        structure, <code>false</code> to run such web applications directly
+        from a WAR file. The default is <code>true</code>. See
+        <a href="#Automatic_Application_Deployment">Automatic Application
+        Deployment</a> for more information.</p>
+        <p>Note: If Tomcat expands the WAR file then it will add a file
+        (<code>/META-INF/war-tracking</code>) to the unpacked directory
+        structure which it uses to detect changes in the WAR file while Tomcat
+        is not running. Any such change will trigger the deletion of the
+        expanded directory and the deployment of the updated WAR file when
+        Tomcat next starts.</p>
+        <p>Note: Running with this option set to <code>false</code> will incur
+        a performance penalty. To avoid a significant performance penalty, the
+        web application should be configured such that class scanning for
+        Servlet 3.0+ pluggability features is not required. Users may also wish
+        to consider the <strong>ExtractingRoot</strong>
+        <a href="resources.html">Resources</a> implementation.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">workDir</code></td><td>
+        <p>Pathname to a scratch directory to be used by applications for
+        this Host. Each application will have its own sub directory with
+        temporary read-write use.  Configuring a Context workDir will override
+        use of the Host workDir configuration.  This directory will be made
+        visible to servlets in the web application by a servlet context
+        attribute (of type <code>java.io.File</code>) named
+        <code>javax.servlet.context.tempdir</code> as described in the
+        Servlet Specification.  If not specified, a suitable directory
+        underneath <code>$CATALINA_BASE/work</code> will be provided.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>You can nest one or more <a href="context.html">Context</a> elements
+  inside this <strong>Host</strong> element, each representing a different web
+  application associated with this virtual host.</p>
+
+  <p>You can nest at most one instance of the following utility components
+  by nesting a corresponding element inside your <strong>Host</strong>
+  element:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li><a href="realm.html"><strong>Realm</strong></a> -
+      Configure a realm that will allow its
+      database of users, and their associated roles, to be shared across all
+      <a href="context.html">Contexts</a> nested inside this Host (unless
+      overridden by a <a href="realm.html">Realm</a> configuration
+      at a lower level).</li>
+  </ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Logging">Logging</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>A host is associated with the
+       <code>org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[engine_name].[host_name]</code>
+       log category.  Note that the brackets are part of the name,
+       don't omit them.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Access_Logs">Access Logs</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>When you run a web server, one of the output files normally generated
+    is an <em>access log</em>, which generates one line of information for
+    each request processed by the server, in a standard format.  Catalina
+    includes an optional <a href="valve.html">Valve</a> implementation that
+    can create access logs in the same standard format created by web servers,
+    or in any number of custom formats.</p>
+
+    <p>You can ask Catalina to create an access log for all requests
+    processed by an <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>,
+    <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or <a href="context.html">Context</a>
+    by nesting a <a href="valve.html">Valve</a> element like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Host name="localhost" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
+         prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
+         pattern="common"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Host&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>See <a href="valve.html#Access_Logging">Access Logging Valves</a>
+    for more information on the configuration attributes that are
+    supported.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Automatic_Application_Deployment">Automatic Application Deployment</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>If you are using the standard <strong>Host</strong> implementation with
+    default settings then applications in the <em>appBase</em> or with context
+    files in the <em>configBase</em> are automatically deployed when Tomcat
+    starts (the <code>deployOnStartup</code> property defaults to
+    <code>true</code>) and reloaded or redeployed (as appropriate) when a change
+    is detected while Tomcat is running (the <code>autoDeploy</code> attribute
+    also defaults to <code>true</code>).</p>
+
+    <p><code>deployOnStartup</code> and <code>autoDeploy</code> trigger
+    execution of exactly the same code so the behaviour is very similar.
+    However, there is one key difference. When Tomcat starts it has no knowledge
+    of which files are the same, which have been changed and which are new. It
+    therefore treats all files as new. While Tomcat is running, it can
+    differentiate between unchanged, modified and new files. This leads to some
+    differences in behaviour between files being modified while Tomcat is
+    running and files being modified while Tomcat is stopped.</p>
+
+    <p>When you use automatic deployment, related files (a web application may
+    have a context.xml file, a WAR and a directory) that exist in the
+    <strong>Host</strong>'s <em>appBase</em> and/or <em>configBase</em>
+    must conform to the expected <a href="context.html#Naming">naming
+    convention</a>. In short, this means files for the same web application must
+    share the same <em>base name</em>.</p>
+
+    <p>The automatic deployment process identifies new and/or modified web
+    applications using the following search order:</p>
+
+    <ol>
+      <li>Web applications with a context.xml file located in the Host's
+      <em>configBase</em>.</li>
+      <li>Web applications with a WAR file located in the Host's
+      <em>appBase</em> that have not already been identified during the scan for
+      context.xml files.</li>
+      <li>Web applications with a directory located in the Host's
+      <em>appBase</em> that have not already been identified during the scans
+      for context.xml and/or WAR files.</li>
+    </ol>
+
+    <p>When <code>autoDeploy</code> is <code>true</code>, the automatic
+    deployment process will monitor the deployed web applications for changes.
+    Depending on exactly what changes, the web application will either be
+    re-deployed or reloaded. Re-deployment involves the creation of a new web
+    application and, if using the standard session manager, user sessions will
+    not be retained. Reloading uses the existing web application but re-parses
+    the web.xml and reloads any classes. If using the standard session manager,
+    user sessions will be persisted.</p>
+
+    <p>Users may add to the files that the automatic deployment process monitors
+    for reloading (i.e. any change to one of these files triggers a reload of
+    the web application) by adding a <em>WatchedResources</em> element to the
+    context.xml file. See the
+    <a href="context.html#Nested_Components">Context</a> documentation for
+    further details.</p>
+
+    <p>When using automatic deployment, the <code>docBase</code> defined by
+    an XML <a href="context.html">Context</a> file should be outside of the
+    <code>appBase</code> directory. If this is not the case, difficulties
+    may be experienced deploying the web application or the application may
+    be deployed twice. The <code>deployIgnore</code> attribute can be used
+    to avoid this situation.</p>
+
+    <p>Note that if you are defining contexts explicitly in server.xml, you
+    should probably turn off automatic application deployment or specify
+    <code>deployIgnore</code> carefully. Otherwise, the web applications
+    will each be deployed twice, and that may cause problems for the
+    applications.</p>
+
+    <p>There are many possible combinations of settings, new files, changed
+    files and deleted files. A separate page describes the
+    <a href="automatic-deployment.html">expected behaviour of the automatic
+    deployment process</a> in many of these scenarios.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Host_Name_Aliases">Host Name Aliases</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>In many server environments, Network Administrators have configured
+    more than one network name (in the <em>Domain Name Service</em> (DNS)
+    server), that resolve to the IP address of the same server.  Normally,
+    each such network name would be configured as a separate
+    <strong>Host</strong> element in <code>conf/server.xml</code>, each
+    with its own set of web applications.</p>
+
+    <p>However, in some circumstances, it is desirable that two or more
+    network names should resolve to the <strong>same</strong> virtual host,
+    running the same set of applications.  A common use case for this
+    scenario is a corporate web site, where it is desirable that users
+    be able to utilize either <code>www.mycompany.com</code> or
+    <code>company.com</code> to access exactly the same content and
+    applications.</p>
+
+    <p>This is accomplished by utilizing one or more <strong>Alias</strong>
+    elements nested inside your <strong>Host</strong> element.  For
+    example:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Host name="www.mycompany.com" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Alias&gt;mycompany.com&lt;/Alias&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Host&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>In order for this strategy to be effective, all of the network names
+    involved must be registered in your DNS server to resolve to the
+    same computer that is running this instance of Catalina.</p>
+
+    <p>Aliases may also use the wildcard form (<code>*.domainname</code>),
+    unlike for the <strong>name</strong> attribute of a <strong>Host</strong>.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Lifecycle_Listeners">Lifecycle Listeners</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>If you have implemented a Java object that needs to know when this
+    <strong>Host</strong> is started or stopped, you can declare it by
+    nesting a <strong>Listener</strong> element inside this element.  The
+    class name you specify must implement the
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener</code> interface, and
+    it will be notified about the occurrence of the corresponding
+    lifecycle events.  Configuration of such a listener looks like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Host name="localhost" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Listener className="com.mycompany.mypackage.MyListener" ... &gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Host&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that a Listener can have any number of additional properties
+    that may be configured from this element.  Attribute names are matched
+    to corresponding JavaBean property names using the standard property
+    method naming patterns.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Request_Filters">Request Filters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>You can ask Catalina to check the IP address, or host name, on every
+    incoming request directed to the surrounding
+    <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>, <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or
+    <a href="context.html">Context</a> element.  The remote address or name
+    will be checked against configured "accept" and/or "deny"
+    filters, which are defined using <code>java.util.regex</code> Regular
+    Expression syntax.  Requests that come from locations that are
+    not accepted will be rejected with an HTTP "Forbidden" error.
+    Example filter declarations:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Host name="localhost" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteHostValve"
+         allow=".*\.mycompany\.com|www\.yourcompany\.com"/&gt;
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         deny="192\.168\.1\.\d+"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Host&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>See <a href="valve.html#Remote_Address_Filter">Remote Address Filter</a>
+  and <a href="valve.html#Remote_Host_Filter">Remote Host Filter</a> for
+  more information about the configuration options that are supported.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Single_Sign_On">Single Sign On</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>In many environments, but particularly in portal environments, it
+    is desirable to have a user challenged to authenticate themselves only
+    once over a set of web applications deployed on a particular virtual
+    host.  This can be accomplished by nesting an element like this inside
+    the Host element for this virtual host:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Host name="localhost" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Host&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The Single Sign On facility operates according to the following rules:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li>All web applications configured for this virtual host must share the
+        same <a href="realm.html">Realm</a>.  In practice, that means you can
+        nest the Realm element inside this Host element (or the surrounding
+        <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> element), but not inside a
+        <a href="context.html">Context</a> element for one of the involved
+        web applications.</li>
+    <li>As long as the user accesses only unprotected resources in any of the
+        web applications on this virtual host, they will not be challenged
+        to authenticate themselves.</li>
+    <li>As soon as the user accesses a protected resource in
+        <strong>any</strong> web application associated with this virtual
+        host, the user will be challenged to authenticate himself or herself,
+        using the login method defined for the web application currently
+        being accessed.</li>
+    <li>Once authenticated, the roles associated with this user will be
+        utilized for access control decisions across <strong>all</strong>
+        of the associated web applications, without challenging the user
+        to authenticate themselves to each application individually.</li>
+    <li>As soon as the user logs out of one web application (for example,
+        by invalidating the corresponding session if form
+        based login is used), the user's sessions in <strong>all</strong>
+        web applications will be invalidated.  Any subsequent attempt to
+        access a protected resource in any application will require the
+        user to authenticate himself or herself again.</li>
+    <li>The Single Sign On feature utilizes HTTP cookies to transmit a token
+        that associates each request with the saved user identity, so it can
+        only be utilized in client environments that support cookies.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="User_Web_Applications">User Web Applications</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Many web servers can automatically map a request URI starting with
+    a tilde character ("~") and a username to a directory (commonly named
+    <code>public_html</code>) in that user's home directory on the server.
+    You can accomplish the same thing in Catalina by using a special
+    <strong>Listener</strong> element like this (on a Unix system that
+    uses the <code>/etc/passwd</code> file to identify valid users):</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Host name="localhost" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.UserConfig"
+            directoryName="public_html"
+            userClass="org.apache.catalina.startup.PasswdUserDatabase"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Host&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>On a server where <code>/etc/passwd</code> is not in use, you can
+    request Catalina to consider all directories found in a specified base
+    directory (such as <code>c:\Homes</code> in this example) to be
+    considered "user home" directories for the purposes of this directive:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Host name="localhost" ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.UserConfig"
+            directoryName="public_html"
+            homeBase="c:\Homes"
+            userClass="org.apache.catalina.startup.HomesUserDatabase"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Host&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>If a user home directory has been set up for a user named
+    <code>craigmcc</code>, then its contents will be visible from a
+    client browser by making a request to a URL like:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://www.mycompany.com:8080/~craigmcc</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Successful use of this feature requires recognition of the following
+    considerations:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li>Each user web application will be deployed with characteristics
+        established by the global and host level default context settings.</li>
+    <li>It is legal to include more than one instance of this Listener
+        element.  This would only be useful, however, in circumstances
+        where you wanted to configure more than one "homeBase" directory.</li>
+    <li>The operating system username under which Catalina is executed
+        MUST have read access to each user's web application directory,
+        and all of its contents.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Custom_context.xml_and_web.xml">Custom context.xml and web.xml</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>You can override the default values found in <code>conf/context.xml</code> and
+    <code>conf/web.xml</code> files from <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code> for each virtual host.
+    Tomcat will look for files named <code>context.xml.default</code> and <code>web.xml.default</code>
+    in the directory specified by <code>xmlBase</code> and merge the files into
+    those found in the default ones.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The HTTP Connector</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The HTTP Connector</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li><li><a href="#Java_TCP_socket_attributes">Java TCP socket attributes</a></li><li><a href="#NIO_specific_configuration">NIO specific configuration</a></li><li><a href="#NIO2_specific_configuration">NIO2 specific configuration</a></li><li><a href="#APR/native_specific_configuration">APR/native specific configuration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a><ol><li><a href="#HTTP/1.1_and_HTTP/1.0_Support">HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/1.0 Support</a></li><li><a href="#HTTP/2_Support">HTTP/2 Support</a></li><li><a href="#Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="#Unix_Domain_Socket_Support">Unix Domain Socket Support</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Support">SSL Support</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSL Support - SSLHostConfig</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">SSL Support - Certificate</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Support_-_Connector_-_NIO_and_NIO2">SSL Support - Connector - NIO and NIO2</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Support_-_OpenSSL's_SSL_CONF_API">SSL Support - OpenSSL's SSL_CONF API</a></li><li><a href="#Key_store_types">Key store types</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Support_-_Connector_-_NIO_and_NIO2_(deprecated)">SSL Support - Connector - NIO and NIO2 (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Support_-_Connector_-_APR/Native_(deprecated)">SSL Support - Connector - APR/Native (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#Connector_Comparison">Connector Comparison</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>HTTP Connector</strong> element represents a
+  <strong>Connector</strong> component that supports the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+  It enables Catalina to function as a stand-alone web server, in addition
+  to its ability to execute servlets and JSP pages.  A particular instance
+  of this component listens for connections on a specific TCP port number
+  on the server.  One or more such <strong>Connectors</strong> can be
+  configured as part of a single <a href="service.html">Service</a>, each
+  forwarding to the associated <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> to perform
+  request processing and create the response.</p>
+
+  <p>If you wish to configure the <strong>Connector</strong> that is used
+  for connections to web servers using the AJP protocol (such as the
+  <code>mod_jk 1.2.x</code> connector for Apache 1.3), please refer to the
+  <a href="ajp.html">AJP Connector</a> documentation.</p>
+
+  <p>Each incoming, non-asynchronous request requires a thread for the duration
+  of that request.  If more simultaneous requests are received than can be
+  handled by the currently available request processing threads, additional
+  threads will be created up to the configured maximum (the value of the
+  <code>maxThreads</code> attribute). If still more simultaneous requests are
+  received, Tomcat will accept new connections until the current number of
+  connections reaches <code>maxConnections</code>. Connections are queued inside
+  the server socket created by the <strong>Connector</strong> until a thread
+  becomes available to process the connection. Once <code>maxConnections</code>
+  has been reached the operating system will queue further connections. The size
+  of the  operating system provided connection queue may be controlled by the
+  <code>acceptCount</code> attribute. If the operating system queue fills,
+  further connection requests may be refused or may time out.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>All implementations of <strong>Connector</strong>
+  support the following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowTrace</code></td><td>
+      <p>A boolean value which can be used to enable or disable the TRACE
+      HTTP method. If not specified, this attribute is set to false. As per RFC
+      7231 section 4.3.8, cookie and authorization headers will be excluded from
+      the response to the TRACE request. If you wish to include these, you can
+      implement the <code>doTrace()</code> method for the target Servlet and
+      gain full control over the response.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">asyncTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The default timeout for asynchronous requests in milliseconds. If not
+      specified, this attribute is set to the Servlet specification default of
+      30000 (30 seconds).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">discardFacades</code></td><td>
+      <p>A boolean value which can be used to enable or disable the recycling
+      of the facade objects that isolate the container internal request
+      processing objects. If set to <code>true</code> the facades will be
+      set for garbage collection after every request, otherwise they will be
+      reused. This setting has no effect when the security manager is enabled.
+      If not specified, this attribute is set to the value of the
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.connector.RECYCLE_FACADES</code> system
+      property, or <code>false</code> if not set.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">enableLookups</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want calls to
+      <code>request.getRemoteHost()</code> to perform DNS lookups in
+      order to return the actual host name of the remote client.  Set
+      to <code>false</code> to skip the DNS lookup and return the IP
+      address in String form instead (thereby improving performance).
+      By default, DNS lookups are disabled.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">encodedSolidusHandling</code></td><td>
+      <p>When set to <code>reject</code> request paths containing a
+      <code>%2f</code> sequence will be rejected with a 400 response. When set
+      to <code>decode</code> request paths containing a <code>%2f</code>
+      sequence will have that sequence decoded to <code>/</code> at the same
+      time other <code>%nn</code> sequences are decoded. When set to
+      <code>passthrough</code> request paths containing a <code>%2f</code>
+      sequence will be processed with the <code>%2f</code> sequence unchanged.
+      If not specified the default value is <code>reject</code>. This default
+      may be modified if the deprecated <a href="systemprops.html">system
+      property</a>
+      <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.UDecoder.ALLOW_ENCODED_SLASH</code> is
+      set.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxCookieCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of cookies that are permitted for a request. A value
+      of less than zero means no limit. If not specified, a default value of 200
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxParameterCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum total number of request parameters (including uploaded
+      files) obtained from the query string and, for POST requests, the request
+      body if the content type is
+      <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> or
+      <code>multipart/form-data</code>. Request parameters beyond this limit
+      will be ignored. A value of less than 0 means no limit. If not specified,
+      a default of 1000 is used. Note that <code>FailedRequestFilter</code>
+      <a href="filter.html">filter</a> can be used to reject requests that
+      exceed the limit.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxPostSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum size in bytes of the POST which will be handled by
+      the container FORM URL parameter parsing. The limit can be disabled by
+      setting this attribute to a value less than zero. If not specified, this
+      attribute is set to 2097152 (2 megabytes). Note that the
+      <a href="filter.html#Failed_Request_Filter"><code>FailedRequestFilter</code></a>
+      can be used to reject requests that exceed this limit.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxSavePostSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum size in bytes of the request body which will be
+      saved/buffered by the container during FORM or CLIENT-CERT authentication
+      or during HTTP/1.1 upgrade. For both types of authentication, the request
+      body will be saved/buffered before the user is authenticated. For
+      CLIENT-CERT authentication, the request body is buffered for the duration
+      of the SSL handshake and the buffer emptied when the request is processed.
+      For FORM authentication the POST is saved whilst the user is re-directed
+      to the login form and is retained until the user successfully
+      authenticates or the session associated with the authentication request
+      expires. For HTTP/1.1 upgrade, the request body is buffered for the
+      duration of the upgrade process. The limit can be disabled by setting this
+      attribute to -1. Setting the attribute to zero will disable the saving of
+      the request body data during authentication and HTTP/1.1 upgrade. If not
+      specified, this attribute is set to 4096 (4 kilobytes).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">parseBodyMethods</code></td><td>
+      <p>A comma-separated list of HTTP methods for which request
+      bodies using <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> will be parsed
+      for request parameters identically to POST. This is useful in RESTful
+      applications that want to support POST-style semantics for PUT requests.
+      Note that any setting other than <code>POST</code> causes Tomcat
+      to behave in a way that goes against the intent of the servlet
+      specification.
+      The HTTP method TRACE is specifically forbidden here in accordance
+      with the HTTP specification.
+      The default is <code>POST</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">port</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The TCP port number on which this <strong>Connector</strong>
+      will create a server socket and await incoming connections.  Your
+      operating system will allow only one server application to listen
+      to a particular port number on a particular IP address. If the special
+      value of 0 (zero) is used, then Tomcat will select a free port at random
+      to use for this connector. This is typically only useful in embedded and
+      testing applications.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">protocol</code></td><td>
+      <p>Sets the protocol to handle incoming traffic. The default value is
+        <code>HTTP/1.1</code> which uses an auto-switching mechanism to select
+        either a Java NIO based connector or an APR/native based connector.
+        If the <code>PATH</code> (Windows) or <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> (on
+        most unix systems) environment variables contain the Tomcat native
+        library, and the <code>AprLifecycleListener</code> that is used to
+        initialize APR has its <code>useAprConnector</code> attribute set to
+        <code>true</code>, the APR/native connector will be used. If the native library
+        cannot be found or the attribute is not configured, the Java NIO based
+        connector will be used. Note that the APR/native connector has different
+        settings for HTTPS than the Java connectors.<br>
+        To use an explicit protocol rather than rely on the auto-switching
+        mechanism described above, the following values may be used:<br>
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol</code> -
+              non blocking Java NIO connector<br>
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol</code> -
+              non blocking Java NIO2 connector<br>
+        <code>org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol</code> -
+              the APR/native connector.<br>
+        Custom implementations may also be used.<br>
+        Take a look at our <a href="#Connector_Comparison">Connector
+        Comparison</a> chart. The configuration for both Java connectors is
+        identical, for http and https.<br>
+        For more information on the APR connector and APR specific SSL settings
+        please  visit the <a href="../apr.html">APR documentation</a>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">proxyName</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is being used in a proxy
+      configuration, configure this attribute to specify the server name
+      to be returned for calls to <code>request.getServerName()</code>.
+      See <a href="#Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</a> for more
+      information.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">proxyPort</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is being used in a proxy
+      configuration, configure this attribute to specify the server port
+      to be returned for calls to <code>request.getServerPort()</code>.
+      See <a href="#Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</a> for more
+      information.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">redirectPort</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this <strong>Connector</strong> is supporting non-SSL
+      requests, and a request is received for which a matching
+      <code>&lt;security-constraint&gt;</code> requires SSL transport,
+      Catalina will automatically redirect the request to the port
+      number specified here.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scheme</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this attribute to the name of the protocol you wish to have
+      returned by calls to <code>request.getScheme()</code>.  For
+      example, you would set this attribute to "<code>https</code>"
+      for an SSL Connector.  The default value is "<code>http</code>".
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secure</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> if you wish to have
+      calls to <code>request.isSecure()</code> to return <code>true</code>
+      for requests received by this Connector. You would want this on an
+      SSL Connector or a non SSL connector that is receiving data from a
+      SSL accelerator, like a crypto card, an SSL appliance or even a webserver.
+      The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">URIEncoding</code></td><td>
+      <p>This specifies the character encoding used to decode the URI bytes,
+      after %xx decoding the URL. The default value is <code>UTF-8</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useBodyEncodingForURI</code></td><td>
+      <p>This specifies if the encoding specified in contentType should be used
+      for URI query parameters, instead of using the URIEncoding. This
+      setting is present for compatibility with Tomcat 4.1.x, where the
+      encoding specified in the contentType, or explicitly set using
+      Request.setCharacterEncoding method was also used for the parameters from
+      the URL. The default value is <code>false</code>.
+      </p>
+      <p><strong>Notes:</strong> 1) This setting is applied only to the
+      query string of a request. Unlike <code>URIEncoding</code> it does not
+      affect the path portion of a request URI. 2) If request character
+      encoding is not known (is not provided by a browser and is not set by
+      <code>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</code> or a similar filter using
+      Request.setCharacterEncoding method), the default encoding is always
+      "ISO-8859-1". The <code>URIEncoding</code> setting has no effect on
+      this default.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useIPVHosts</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> to cause Tomcat to use
+      the IP address that the request was received on to determine the Host
+      to send the request to.  The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">xpoweredBy</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this attribute to <code>true</code> to cause Tomcat to advertise
+      support for the Servlet specification using the header recommended in the
+      specification.  The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The standard HTTP connectors (NIO, NIO2 and APR/native) all support the
+  following attributes in addition to the common Connector attributes listed
+  above.</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">acceptCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum length of the operating system provided queue for incoming
+      connection requests when <code>maxConnections</code> has been reached. The
+      operating system may ignore this setting and use a different size for the
+      queue. When this queue is full, the operating system may actively refuse
+      additional connections or those connections may time out. The default
+      value is 100.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">acceptorThreadPriority</code></td><td>
+      <p>The priority of the acceptor thread. The thread used to accept
+      new connections. The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the
+      <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc
+      for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what
+      this priority means.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">address</code></td><td>
+      <p>For servers with more than one IP address, this attribute specifies
+      which address will be used for listening on the specified port. By
+      default, the connector will listen all local addresses. Unless the JVM is
+      configured otherwise using system properties, the Java based connectors
+      (NIO, NIO2) will listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses when configured
+      with either <code>0.0.0.0</code> or <code>::</code>. The APR/native
+      connector will only listen on IPv4 addresses if configured with
+      <code>0.0.0.0</code> and will listen on IPv6 addresses (and optionally
+      IPv4 addresses depending on the setting of <strong>ipv6v6only</strong>) if
+      configured with <code>::</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowHostHeaderMismatch</code></td><td>
+      <p>By default Tomcat will reject requests that specify a host in the
+      request line but specify a different host in the host header. This
+      check can be disabled by setting this attribute to <code>true</code>. If
+      not specified, the default is <code>false</code>.
+      <br>
+      This setting will be removed in Tomcat 11 onwards where it will be
+      hard-coded to <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowedTrailerHeaders</code></td><td>
+      <p>By default Tomcat will ignore all trailer headers when processing
+      chunked input. For a header to be processed, it must be added to this
+      comma-separated list of header names.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">bindOnInit</code></td><td>
+      <p>Controls when the socket used by the connector is bound. If set to
+      <code>true</code> it is bound when the connector is initiated and unbound
+      when the connector is destroyed. If set to <code>false</code>, the socket
+      will be bound when the connector is started and unbound when it is
+      stopped. If not specified, the default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clientCertProvider</code></td><td>
+      <p>When client certificate information is presented in a form other than
+      instances of <code>java.security.cert.X509Certificate</code> it needs to
+      be converted before it can be used and this property controls which JSSE
+      provider is used to perform the conversion. For example it is used with
+      the <a href="ajp.html">AJP connectors</a>, the HTTP APR connector and
+      with the <a href="valve.html#SSL_Authenticator_Valve">
+      org.apache.catalina.valves.SSLValve</a>. If not specified, the default
+      provider will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">compressibleMimeType</code></td><td>
+      <p>The value is a comma separated list of MIME types for which HTTP
+      compression may be used.
+      The default value is
+      <code>
+      text/html,text/xml,text/plain,text/css,text/javascript,application/javascript,application/json,application/xml
+      </code>.
+      If you specify a type explicitly, the default is over-ridden.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">compression</code></td><td>
+      <p>The <strong>Connector</strong> may use HTTP/1.1 GZIP compression in
+      an attempt to save server bandwidth. The acceptable values for the
+      parameter is "off" (disable compression), "on" (allow compression, which
+      causes text data to be compressed), "force" (forces compression in all
+      cases), or a numerical integer value (which is equivalent to "on", but
+      specifies the minimum amount of data before the output is compressed). If
+      the content-length is not known and compression is set to "on" or more
+      aggressive, the output will also be compressed. If not specified, this
+      attribute is set to "off".</p>
+      <p><em>Note</em>: There is a tradeoff between using compression (saving
+      your bandwidth) and using the sendfile feature (saving your CPU cycles).
+      If the connector supports the sendfile feature, e.g. the NIO connector,
+      using sendfile will take precedence over compression. The symptoms will
+      be that static files greater that 48 Kb will be sent uncompressed.
+      You can turn off sendfile by setting <code>useSendfile</code> attribute
+      of the connector, as documented below, or change the sendfile usage
+      threshold in the configuration of the
+      <a href="../default-servlet.html">DefaultServlet</a> in the default
+      <code>conf/web.xml</code> or in the <code>web.xml</code> of your web
+      application.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">compressionMinSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <strong>compression</strong> is set to "on" then this attribute
+      may be used to specify the minimum amount of data before the output is
+      compressed. If not specified, this attribute is defaults to "2048".
+      Units are in bytes.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionLinger</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of seconds during which the sockets used by this
+      <strong>Connector</strong> will linger when they are closed. The default
+      value is <code>-1</code> which disables socket linger.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of milliseconds this <strong>Connector</strong> will wait,
+      after accepting a connection, for the request URI line to be
+      presented. Use a value of -1 to indicate no (i.e. infinite) timeout.
+      The default value is 60000 (i.e. 60 seconds) but note that the standard
+      server.xml that ships with Tomcat sets this to 20000 (i.e. 20 seconds).
+      Unless <strong>disableUploadTimeout</strong> is set to <code>false</code>,
+      this timeout will also be used when reading the request body (if any).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionUploadTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>Specifies the timeout, in milliseconds, to use while a data upload is
+      in progress. This only takes effect if
+      <strong>disableUploadTimeout</strong> is set to <code>false</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">continueResponseTiming</code></td><td>
+      <p>When to respond with a <code>100</code> intermediate response code to a
+      request containing an <code>Expect: 100-continue</code> header.
+      The following values may used:
+      <ul>
+      <li><code>immediately</code> - an intermediate 100 status response
+      will be returned as soon as practical</li>
+      <li><code>onRead</code> - an intermediate 100 status
+      response will be returned only when the Servlet reads the request body,
+      allowing the servlet to inspect the headers and possibly respond
+      before the user agent sends a possibly large request body.</li>
+      </ul>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">defaultSSLHostConfigName</code></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the default <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> that will be
+      used for secure connections (if this connector is configured for secure
+      connections) if the client connection does not provide SNI or if the SNI
+      is provided but does not match any configured
+      <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>. If not specified the default value of
+      <code>_default_</code> will be used. Provided values are always converted
+      to lower case.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">disableUploadTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>This flag allows the servlet container to use a different, usually
+      longer connection timeout during data upload. If not specified, this
+      attribute is set to <code>true</code> which disables this longer timeout.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">executor</code></td><td>
+      <p>A reference to the name in an <a href="executor.html">Executor</a>
+      element. If this attribute is set, and the named executor exists, the
+      connector will use the executor, and all the other thread attributes will
+      be ignored. Note that if a shared executor is not specified for a
+      connector then the connector will use a private, internal executor to
+      provide the thread pool.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">executorTerminationTimeoutMillis</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time that the private internal executor will wait for request
+      processing threads to terminate before continuing with the process of
+      stopping the connector. If not set, the default is  <code>5000</code> (5
+      seconds).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keepAliveTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of milliseconds this <strong>Connector</strong> will wait
+      for another HTTP request before closing the connection. The default value
+      is to use the value that has been set for the
+      <strong>connectionTimeout</strong> attribute.
+      Use a value of -1 to indicate no (i.e. infinite) timeout.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxConnections</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of connections that the server will accept and
+      process at any given time. When this number has been reached, the server
+      will accept, but not process, one further connection. This additional
+      connection be blocked until the number of connections being processed
+      falls below <strong>maxConnections</strong> at which point the server will
+      start accepting and processing new connections again. Note that once the
+      limit has been reached, the operating system may still accept connections
+      based on the <code>acceptCount</code> setting. The default value
+      is <code>8192</code>.</p>
+      <p>For NIO/NIO2 only, setting the value to -1, will disable the
+      maxConnections feature and connections will not be counted.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxExtensionSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>Limits the total length of chunk extensions in chunked HTTP requests.
+      If the value is <code>-1</code>, no limit will be imposed. If not
+      specified, the default value of <code>8192</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxHeaderCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of headers in a request that are allowed by the
+      container. A request that contains more headers than the specified limit
+      will be rejected. A value of less than 0 means no limit.
+      If not specified, a default of 100 is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxHttpHeaderSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>Provides the default value for
+      <strong>maxHttpRequestHeaderSize</strong> and
+      <strong>maxHttpResponseHeaderSize</strong>. If not specified, this
+      attribute is set to 8192 (8 KB).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxHttpRequestHeaderSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum permitted size of the request line and headers associated
+      with an HTTP request, specified in bytes. This is compared to the number
+      of bytes received so includes line terminators and whitespace as well as
+      the request line, header names and header values. If not specified, this
+      attribute is set to the value of the <code>maxHttpHeaderSize</code>
+      attribute.</p>
+      <p>If you see "Request header is too large" errors you can increase this,
+      but be aware that Tomcat will allocate the full amount you specify for
+      every request. For example, if you specify a maxHttpRequestHeaderSize of
+      1 MB and your application handles 100 concurrent requests, you will see
+      100 MB of heap consumed by request headers.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxHttpResponseHeaderSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum permitted size of the response line and headers associated
+      with an HTTP response, specified in bytes. This is compared to the number
+      of bytes written so includes line terminators and whitespace as well as
+      the status line, header names and header values. If not specified, this
+      attribute is set to the value of the <code>maxHttpHeaderSize</code>
+      attribute.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxKeepAliveRequests</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of HTTP requests which can be pipelined until
+      the connection is closed by the server. Setting this attribute to 1 will
+      disable HTTP/1.0 keep-alive, as well as HTTP/1.1 keep-alive and
+      pipelining. Setting this to -1 will allow an unlimited amount of
+      pipelined or keep-alive HTTP requests.
+      If not specified, this attribute is set to 100.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxSwallowSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of request body bytes (excluding transfer encoding
+      overhead) that will be swallowed by Tomcat for an aborted upload. An
+      aborted upload is when Tomcat knows that the request body is going to be
+      ignored but the client still sends it. If Tomcat does not swallow the body
+      the client is unlikely to see the response. If not specified the default
+      of 2097152 (2 megabytes) will be used. A value of less than zero indicates
+      that no limit should be enforced.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxThreads</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of request processing threads to be created
+      by this <strong>Connector</strong>, which therefore determines the
+      maximum number of simultaneous requests that can be handled.  If
+      not specified, this attribute is set to 200. If an executor is associated
+      with this connector, this attribute is ignored as the connector will
+      execute tasks using the executor rather than an internal thread pool. Note
+      that if an executor is configured any value set for this attribute will be
+      recorded correctly but it will be reported (e.g. via JMX) as
+      <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxTrailerSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>Limits the total length of trailing headers in the last chunk of
+      a chunked HTTP request. If the value is <code>-1</code>, no limit will be
+      imposed. If not specified, the default value of <code>8192</code> will be
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">minSpareThreads</code></td><td>
+      <p>The minimum number of threads always kept running.  This includes both
+      active and idle threads. If not specified, the default of <code>10</code>
+      is used. If an executor is associated with this connector, this attribute
+      is ignored as the connector will execute tasks using the executor rather
+      than an internal thread pool. Note that if an executor is configured any
+      value set for this attribute will be recorded correctly but it will be
+      reported (e.g. via JMX) as <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">noCompressionStrongETag</code></td><td>
+      <p>This flag configures whether resources with a strong ETag will be
+      considered for compression. If <code>true</code>, resources with a strong
+      ETag will not be compressed. The default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      <p>This attribute is deprecated. It will be removed in Tomcat 10 onwards
+      where it will be hard-coded to <code>true</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">noCompressionUserAgents</code></td><td>
+      <p>The value is a regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>)
+      matching the <code>user-agent</code> header of HTTP clients for which
+      compression should not be used,
+      because these clients, although they do advertise support for the
+      feature, have a broken implementation.
+      The default value is an empty String (regexp matching disabled).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">processorCache</code></td><td>
+      <p>The protocol handler caches Processor objects to speed up performance.
+      This setting dictates how many of these objects get cached.
+      <code>-1</code> means unlimited, default is <code>200</code>. If not using
+      Servlet 3.0 asynchronous processing, a good default is to use the same as
+      the maxThreads setting. If using Servlet 3.0 asynchronous processing, a
+      good default is to use the larger of maxThreads and the maximum number of
+      expected concurrent requests (synchronous and asynchronous).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rejectIllegalHeader</code></td><td>
+      <p>If an HTTP request is received that contains an illegal header name or
+      value (e.g. the header name is not a token) this setting determines if the
+      request will be rejected with a 400 response (<code>true</code>) or if the
+      illegal header be ignored (<code>false</code>). The default value is
+      <code>true</code> which will cause the request to be rejected.
+      <br>
+      This setting will be removed in Tomcat 11 onwards where it will be
+      hard-coded to <code>true</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rejectIllegalHeaderName</code></td><td>
+      <p>This attribute is deprecated. It will be removed in Tomcat 10 onwards.
+      It is now an alias for <strong>rejectIllegalHeader</strong>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">relaxedPathChars</code></td><td>
+      <p>The <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7230.txt">HTTP/1.1
+      specification</a> requires that certain characters are %nn encoded when
+      used in URI paths. Unfortunately, many user agents including all the major
+      browsers are not compliant with this specification and use these
+      characters in unencoded form. To prevent Tomcat rejecting such requests,
+      this attribute may be used to specify the additional characters to allow.
+      If not specified, no additional characters will be allowed. The value may
+      be any combination of the following characters:
+      <code>" &lt; &gt; [ \ ] ^ ` { | }</code> . Any other characters
+      present in the value will be ignored.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">relaxedQueryChars</code></td><td>
+      <p>The <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7230.txt">HTTP/1.1
+      specification</a> requires that certain characters are %nn encoded when
+      used in URI query strings. Unfortunately, many user agents including all
+      the major browsers are not compliant with this specification and use these
+      characters in unencoded form. To prevent Tomcat rejecting such requests,
+      this attribute may be used to specify the additional characters to allow.
+      If not specified, no additional characters will be allowed. The value may
+      be any combination of the following characters:
+      <code>" &lt; &gt; [ \ ] ^ ` { | }</code> . Any other characters
+      present in the value will be ignored.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">restrictedUserAgents</code></td><td>
+      <p>The value is a regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>)
+      matching the <code>user-agent</code> header of HTTP clients for which
+      HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/1.0 keep alive should not be used, even if the clients
+      advertise support for these features.
+      The default value is an empty String (regexp matching disabled).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">server</code></td><td>
+      <p>Overrides the Server header for the http response. If set, the value
+      for this attribute overrides any Server header set by a web application.
+      If not set, any value specified by the application is used. If the
+      application does not specify a value then no Server header is set.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">serverRemoveAppProvidedValues</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, any Server header set by a web
+      application will be removed. Note that if <strong>server</strong> is set,
+      this attribute is effectively ignored. If not set, the default value of
+      <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLEnabled</code></td><td>
+      <p>Use this attribute to enable SSL traffic on a connector.
+      To turn on SSL handshake/encryption/decryption on a connector
+      set this value to <code>true</code>.
+      The default value is <code>false</code>.
+      When turning this value <code>true</code> you will want to set the
+      <code>scheme</code> and the <code>secure</code> attributes as well
+      to pass the correct <code>request.getScheme()</code> and
+      <code>request.isSecure()</code> values to the servlets
+      See <a href="#SSL_Support">SSL Support</a> for more information.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tcpNoDelay</code></td><td>
+      <p>If set to <code>true</code>, the TCP_NO_DELAY option will be
+      set on the server socket, which improves performance under most
+      circumstances.  This is set to <code>true</code> by default.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">threadPriority</code></td><td>
+      <p>The priority of the request processing threads within the JVM.
+      The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the
+      <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc
+      for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what
+      this priority means. If an executor is associated
+      with this connector, this attribute is ignored as the connector will
+      execute tasks using the executor rather than an internal thread pool. Note
+      that if an executor is configured any value set for this attribute will be
+      recorded correctly but it will be reported (e.g. via JMX) as
+      <code>-1</code> to make clear that it is not used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">throwOnFailure</code></td><td>
+      <p>If the Connector experiences an Exception during a Lifecycle transition
+      should the Exception be rethrown or logged? If not specified, the default
+      of <code>false</code> will be used. Note that the default can be changed
+      by the <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE</code>
+      system property.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useAsyncIO</code></td><td>
+      <p>(bool) Use this attribute to enable or disable usage of the
+      asynchronous IO API. The default value is <code>true</code> except when
+      using the APR connector due to low performance.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useKeepAliveResponseHeader</code></td><td>
+      <p>(bool) Use this attribute to enable or disable the addition of the
+      <code>Keep-Alive</code> HTTP response header as described in
+      <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thomson-hybi-http-timeout-03">this
+      Internet-Draft</a>. The default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Java_TCP_socket_attributes">Java TCP socket attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The NIO and NIO2 implementation support the following Java TCP
+    socket attributes in addition to the common Connector and HTTP attributes
+    listed above.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.rxBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The socket receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) size in bytes. JVM default
+        used if not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.txBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The socket send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) size in bytes. JVM default
+        used if not set. Care should be taken if explicitly setting this value.
+        Very poor performance has been observed on some JVMs with values less
+        than ~8k.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.tcpNoDelay</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)This is equivalent to standard attribute
+        <strong>tcpNoDelay</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soKeepAlive</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value for the socket's keep alive setting
+        (SO_KEEPALIVE). JVM default used if not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.ooBInline</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value for the socket OOBINLINE setting. JVM default
+        used if not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soReuseAddress</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value for the sockets reuse address option
+        (SO_REUSEADDR). JVM default used if not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soLingerOn</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value for the sockets so linger option (SO_LINGER).
+        A value for the standard attribute <strong>connectionLinger</strong>
+        that is &gt;=0 is equivalent to setting this to <code>true</code>.
+        A value for the standard attribute <strong>connectionLinger</strong>
+        that is &lt;0 is equivalent to setting this to <code>false</code>.
+        Both this attribute and <code>soLingerTime</code> must be set else the
+        JVM defaults will be used for both.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soLingerTime</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Value in seconds for the sockets so linger option (SO_LINGER).
+        This is equivalent to standard attribute
+        <strong>connectionLinger</strong>.
+        Both this attribute and <code>soLingerOn</code> must be set else the
+        JVM defaults will be used for both.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.soTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>This is equivalent to standard attribute
+        <strong>connectionTimeout</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.performanceConnectionTime</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The first value for the performance settings. See
+        <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerformancePreferences(int,%20int,%20int)">Socket Performance Options</a>.
+        All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
+        be used for all three.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.performanceLatency</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The second value for the performance settings. See
+        <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerformancePreferences(int,%20int,%20int)">Socket Performance Options</a>.
+        All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
+        be used for all three.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.performanceBandwidth</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The third value for the performance settings. See
+        <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/net/Socket.html#setPerformancePreferences(int,%20int,%20int)">Socket Performance Options</a>.
+        All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
+        be used for all three.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.unlockTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int) The timeout for a socket unlock. When a connector is stopped, it will try to release the acceptor thread by opening a connector to itself.
+           The default value is <code>250</code> and the value is in milliseconds</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="NIO_specific_configuration">NIO specific configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The following attributes are specific to the NIO connector.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pollerThreadPriority</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The priority of the poller threads.
+        The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the
+        <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc
+        for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what
+        this priority means.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">selectorTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The time in milliseconds to timeout on a select() for the
+        poller. This value is important, since connection clean up is done on
+        the same thread, so do not set this value to an extremely high one. The
+        default value is <code>1000</code> milliseconds.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useSendfile</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Use this attribute to enable or disable sendfile capability.
+        The default value is <code>true</code>. Note that the use of sendfile
+        will disable any compression that Tomcat may otherwise have performed on
+        the response.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.directBuffer</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped
+        ByteBuffers. If <code>true</code> then
+        <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()</code> is used to allocate
+        the buffers, if <code>false</code> then
+        <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate()</code> is used. The default value
+        is <code>false</code>.<br>
+        When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the
+        appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Sun's JDK
+        that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.directSslBuffer</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped
+        ByteBuffers for the SSL buffers. If <code>true</code> then
+        <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()</code> is used to allocate
+        the buffers, if <code>false</code> then
+        <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate()</code> is used. The default value
+        is <code>false</code>.<br>
+        When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the
+        appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Oracle's JDK
+        that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.appReadBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
+        a read ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
+        default this read buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For lower
+        concurrency, you can increase this to buffer more data. For an extreme
+        amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your
+        heap size.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.appWriteBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
+        a write ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
+        default this write buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For low
+        concurrency you can increase this to buffer more response data. For an
+        extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or
+        increase your heap size.<br>
+        The default value here is pretty low, you should up it if you are not
+        dealing with tens of thousands concurrent connections.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.bufferPool</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The NIO connector uses a class called NioChannel that holds
+        elements linked to a socket. To reduce garbage collection, the NIO
+        connector caches these channel objects. This value specifies the size of
+        this cache. The default value is <code>500</code>, and represents that
+        the cache will hold 500 NioChannel objects. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.bufferPoolSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The NioChannel pool can also be size based, not used object
+        based. The size is calculated as follows:<br>
+        NioChannel
+        <code>buffer size = read buffer size + write buffer size</code><br>
+        SecureNioChannel <code>buffer size = application read buffer size +
+        application write buffer size + network read buffer size +
+        network write buffer size</code><br>
+        The value is in bytes, the default value is <code>1024*1024*100</code>
+        (100MB).</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.processorCache</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Tomcat will cache SocketProcessor objects to reduce garbage
+        collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
+        cache at most. The default is <code>500</code>. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.keyCache</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Tomcat will cache KeyAttachment objects to reduce garbage
+        collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
+        cache at most. The default is <code>500</code>. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.eventCache</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Tomcat will cache PollerEvent objects to reduce garbage
+        collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
+        cache at most. The default is <code>500</code>. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">unixDomainSocketPath</code></td><td>
+        <p>Where supported, the path to a Unix Domain Socket that this
+        <strong>Connector</strong> will create and await incoming connections.
+        When this is specified, the otherwise mandatory <code>port</code>
+        attribute may be omitted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">unixDomainSocketPathPermissions</code></td><td>
+        <p>Where supported, the posix permissions that will be applied to the
+        to the Unix Domain Socket specified with
+        <code>unixDomainSocketPath</code> above. The
+        permissions are specified as a string of nine characters, in three sets
+        of three: (r)ead, (w)rite and e(x)ecute for owner, group and others
+        respectively. If a permission is not granted, a hyphen is used. If
+        unspecified, the permissions default to <code>rw-rw-rw-</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useInheritedChannel</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Defines if this connector should inherit an inetd/systemd network socket.
+        Only one connector can inherit a network socket. This can option can be
+        used to automatically start Tomcat once a connection request is made to
+        the systemd super daemon's port.
+        The default value is <code>false</code>. See the JavaDoc
+        for the <code>java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider</code> class for
+        more details.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="NIO2_specific_configuration">NIO2 specific configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The following attributes are specific to the NIO2 connector.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useSendfile</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Use this attribute to enable or disable sendfile capability.
+        The default value is <code>true</code>. Note that the use of sendfile
+        will disable any compression that Tomcat may otherwise have performed on
+        the response.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.directBuffer</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped
+        ByteBuffers. If <code>true</code> then
+        <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()</code> is used to allocate
+        the buffers, if <code>false</code> then
+        <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate()</code> is used. The default value
+        is <code>false</code>.<br>
+        When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the
+        appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Sun's JDK
+        that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.directSslBuffer</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped
+        ByteBuffers for the SSL buffers. If <code>true</code> then
+        <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()</code> is used to allocate
+        the buffers, if <code>false</code> then
+        <code>java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate()</code> is used. The default value
+        is <code>false</code>.<br>
+        When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the
+        appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Oracle's JDK
+        that would be something like <code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.appReadBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
+        a read ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
+        default this read buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For lower
+        concurrency, you can increase this to buffer more data. For an extreme
+        amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your
+        heap size.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.appWriteBufSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
+        a write ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
+        default this write buffer is sized at <code>8192</code> bytes. For low
+        concurrency you can increase this to buffer more response data. For an
+        extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or
+        increase your heap size.<br>
+        The default value here is pretty low, you should up it if you are not
+        dealing with tens of thousands concurrent connections.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.bufferPool</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The NIO2 connector uses a class called Nio2Channel that holds
+        elements linked to a socket. To reduce garbage collection, the NIO2
+        connector caches these channel objects. This value specifies the size of
+        this cache. The default value is <code>500</code>, and represents that
+        the cache will hold 500 Nio2Channel objects. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">socket.processorCache</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)Tomcat will cache SocketProcessor objects to reduce garbage
+        collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
+        cache at most. The default is <code>500</code>. Other values are
+        <code>-1</code> for unlimited cache and <code>0</code> for no cache.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="APR/native_specific_configuration">APR/native specific configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The following attributes are specific to the APR/native connector.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deferAccept</code></td><td>
+        <p>Sets the <code>TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT</code> flag on the listening socket
+        for this connector. The default value is <code>true</code> where
+        <code>TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT</code> is supported by the operating system,
+        otherwise it is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ipv6v6only</code></td><td>
+        <p>If listening on an IPv6 address on a dual stack system, should the
+        connector only listen on the IPv6 address? If not specified the default
+        is <code>false</code> and the connector will listen on the IPv6 address
+        and the equivalent IPv4 address if present.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pollerThreadCount</code></td><td>
+        <p>Number of threads used to poll kept alive connections. On Windows the
+        default is chosen so that the sockets managed by each thread is
+        less than 1024. For Linux the default is 1. Changing the default on
+        Windows is likely to have a negative performance impact.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pollTime</code></td><td>
+        <p>Duration of a poll call in microseconds. Lowering this value will
+        slightly decrease latency of connections being kept alive in some cases,
+        but will use more CPU as more poll calls are being made. The default
+        value is 2000 (2ms).</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendfileSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>Amount of sockets that the poller responsible for sending static
+        files asynchronously can hold at a given time. Extra connections will be
+        closed right away without any data being sent (resulting in a zero
+        length file on the client side). Note that in most cases, sendfile is a
+        call that will return right away (being taken care of "synchronously" by
+        the kernel), and the sendfile poller will not be used, so the amount of
+        static files which can be sent concurrently is much larger than the
+        specified amount. The default value is 1024.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">threadPriority</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int)The priority of the acceptor and poller threads.
+        The default value is <code>5</code> (the value of the
+        <code>java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</code> constant). See the JavaDoc
+        for the <code>java.lang.Thread</code> class for more details on what
+        this priority means.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useSendfile</code></td><td>
+        <p>(bool)Use this attribute to enable or disable sendfile capability.
+        The default value is <code>true</code>. Note that the use of sendfile
+        will disable any compression that Tomcat may otherwise have performed on
+        the response.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>First implemented in Tomcat 9 and back-ported to 8.5, Tomcat now supports
+  Server Name Indication (SNI). This allows multiple SSL configurations to be
+  associated with a single secure connector with the configuration used for any
+  given connection determined by the host name requested by the client. To
+  facilitate this, the <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> element was added which
+  can be used to define one of these configurations. Any number of
+  <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> may be nested in a <strong>Connector</strong>.
+  At the same time, support was added for multiple certificates to be associated
+  with a single <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>. Each SSL certificate is
+  therefore configured in a <strong>Certificate</strong> element with in an
+  <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>. For further information, see the SSL Support
+  section below.</p>
+
+  <p>When OpenSSL is providing the TLS implementation, one or more
+  <strong>OpenSSLConfCmd</strong> elements may be nested inside a
+  <strong>OpenSSLConf</strong> element to configure OpenSSL via OpenSSL's
+  <code>SSL_CONF</code> API. A single <strong>OpenSSLConf</strong> element may
+  be nested in a <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> element. For further
+  information, see the SSL Support section below</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="HTTP/1.1_and_HTTP/1.0_Support">HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/1.0 Support</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This <strong>Connector</strong> supports all of the required features
+  of the HTTP/1.1 protocol, as described in RFCs 7230-7235, including persistent
+  connections, pipelining, expectations and chunked encoding.  If the client
+  supports only HTTP/1.0 or HTTP/0.9, the
+  <strong>Connector</strong> will gracefully fall back to supporting this
+  protocol as well.  No special configuration is required to enable this
+  support. The <strong>Connector</strong> also supports HTTP/1.0
+  keep-alive.</p>
+
+  <p>RFC 7230 requires that HTTP servers always begin their responses with
+  the highest HTTP version that they claim to support.  Therefore, this
+  <strong>Connector</strong> will always return <code>HTTP/1.1</code> at
+  the beginning of its responses.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="HTTP/2_Support">HTTP/2 Support</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>HTTP/2 is support is provided for TLS (h2), non-TLS via HTTP upgrade (h2c)
+     and direct HTTP/2 (h2c) connections. To enable HTTP/2 support for an HTTP
+     connector the following <strong>UpgradeProtocol</strong> element must be
+     nested within the <strong>Connector</strong> with a
+     <strong>className</strong> attribute of
+     <code>org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol</code>.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Connector ... &gt;
+  &lt;UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" /&gt;
+&lt;/Connector&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>Because Java 8's TLS implementation does not support ALPN (which is
+     required for HTTP/2 over TLS), you must be using an OpenSSL based TLS
+     implementation to enable HTTP/2 support. See the
+     <code>sslImplementationName</code> attribute of the
+     <strong>Connector</strong>.</p>
+
+  <p>Additional configuration attributes are available. See the
+  <a href="http2.html">HTTP/2 Upgrade Protocol</a> documentation for details.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Proxy_Support">Proxy Support</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <code>proxyName</code> and <code>proxyPort</code> attributes can
+  be used when Tomcat is run behind a proxy server.  These attributes
+  modify the values returned to web applications that call the
+  <code>request.getServerName()</code> and <code>request.getServerPort()</code>
+  methods, which are often used to construct absolute URLs for redirects.
+  Without configuring these attributes, the values returned would reflect
+  the server name and port on which the connection from the proxy server
+  was received, rather than the server name and port to whom the client
+  directed the original request.</p>
+
+  <p>For more information, see the
+  <a href="../proxy-howto.html">Proxy Support How-To</a>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Unix_Domain_Socket_Support">Unix Domain Socket Support</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>When the <code>unixDomainSocketPath</code> attribute is used, connectors
+  that support Unix Domain Sockets will bind to the socket at the given path.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>For users of Java 16 and higher, support is provided within the NIO
+  connectors. For users of Java earlier than 16, support is provided by
+  the <code>org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol</code> connector when
+  used with the Apache Tomcat Native library v1.2.26 and up, along with
+  Apache Portable Runtime v1.6 and higher.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>The socket path is created with read and write permissions for all
+  users. To protect this socket, place it in a directory with suitable
+  permissions appropriately configured to restrict access as required.
+  Alternatively, on platforms that support posix permissions, the
+  permissions on the socket can be set directly with the
+  <code>unixDomainSocketPathPermissions</code> option.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>Tomcat will automatically remove the socket on server shutdown. If the
+  socket already exists startup will fail. Care must be taken by the
+  administrator to remove the socket after verifying that the socket isn't
+  already being used by an existing Tomcat process.</p>
+
+  <p>The Unix Domain Socket can be accessed using the
+  <code>--unix-socket</code> option of the <code>curl</code> command line
+  client, and the Unix Domain Socket support in Apache HTTP server's
+  <code>mod_proxy</code> module.
+  </p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Support">SSL Support</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>You can enable SSL support for a particular instance of this
+  <strong>Connector</strong> by setting the <code>SSLEnabled</code> attribute to
+  <code>true</code>.</p>
+
+  <p>You will also need to set the <code>scheme</code> and <code>secure</code>
+  attributes to the values <code>https</code> and <code>true</code>
+  respectively, to pass correct information to the servlets.</p>
+
+  <p>The NIO and NIO2 connectors use either the JSSE Java SSL implementation or
+  an OpenSSL implementation, whereas the APR/native connector uses OpenSSL only.
+  Prior to Tomcat 8.5, different configuration attributes were used for JSSE and
+  OpenSSL. From Tomcat 8.5 onwards, and as far as possible, common configuration
+  attributes are used for both JSSE and OpenSSL. Also if using the JSSE OpenSSL
+  implementation, configuration can be set using either the JSSE or APR
+  attributes (note: but not both types within the same configuration). This is
+  to aid simpler switching between connector implementations for SSL
+  connectors.</p>
+
+  <p>Each secure connector must define at least one
+  <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>. The names of the
+  <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> elements must be unique and one of them must
+  match the <code>defaultSSLHostConfigName</code> attribute of the
+  <strong>Connector</strong>.</p>
+
+  <p>Each <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> must in turn define at least one
+  <strong>Certificate</strong>. The types of the <strong>Certificate</strong>s
+  must be unique.</p>
+
+  <p>As of Tomcat 8.5, the majority of the SSL configuration attributes in the
+  <strong>Connector</strong> are deprecated. If specified, they will be used to
+  configure a <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> and <strong>Certificate</strong>
+  for the <code>defaultSSLHostConfigName</code>. Note that if an explicit
+  <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> element also exists for the
+  <code>defaultSSLHostConfigName</code> then that will be treated as a configuration
+  error. It is expected that Tomcat 10 will drop support for the SSL
+  configuration attributes in the <strong>Connector</strong>.</p>
+
+  <p>In addition to the standard TLS related request attributes defined in
+  section 3.10 of the Servlet specification, Tomcat supports a number of
+  additional TLS related attributes. The full list may be found in the <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-10.0-doc/api/index.html">SSLSupport
+  Javadoc</a>.</p>
+
+  <p>For more information, see the
+  <a href="../ssl-howto.html">SSL Configuration How-To</a>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSL Support - SSLHostConfig</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p></p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateRevocationListFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the file that contains the concatenated certificate revocation
+      lists for the certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded. If not
+      defined, client certificates will not be checked against a certificate
+      revocation list (unless an OpenSSL based connector is used and
+      <strong>certificateRevocationListPath</strong> is defined). Relative paths
+      will be resolved against <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>. JSSE based
+      connectors may also specify a URL for this attribute.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateRevocationListPath</code></td><td>
+      <p>OpenSSL only.</p>
+      <p>Name of the directory that contains the certificate revocation lists
+      for the certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded. Relative paths
+      will be resolved against <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateVerification</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set to <code>required</code> if you want the SSL stack to require a
+      valid certificate chain from the client before accepting a connection.
+      Set to <code>optional</code> if you want the SSL stack to request a client
+      Certificate, but not fail if one isn't presented. Set to
+      <code>optionalNoCA</code> if you want client certificates to be optional
+      and you don't want Tomcat to check them against the list of trusted CAs.
+      If the TLS provider doesn't support this option (OpenSSL does, JSSE does
+      not) it is treated as if <code>optional</code> was specified. A
+      <code>none</code> value (which is the default) will not require a
+      certificate chain unless the client requests a resource protected by a
+      security constraint that uses <code>CLIENT-CERT</code> authentication.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateVerificationDepth</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of intermediate certificates that will be allowed
+      when validating client certificates. If not specified, the default value
+      of 10 will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">caCertificateFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>OpenSSL only.</p>
+      <p>Name of the file that contains the concatenated certificates for the
+      trusted certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">caCertificatePath</code></td><td>
+      <p>OpenSSL only.</p>
+      <p>Name of the directory that contains the certificates for the trusted
+      certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ciphers</code></td><td>
+      <p>The ciphers to enable using the OpenSSL syntax. (See the OpenSSL
+      documentation for the list of ciphers supported and the syntax).
+      Alternatively, a comma separated list of ciphers using the standard
+      OpenSSL cipher names or the standard JSSE cipher names may be used.</p>
+      <p>When converting from OpenSSL syntax to JSSE ciphers for JSSE based
+      connectors, the behaviour of the OpenSSL syntax parsing is kept aligned
+      with the behaviour of the OpenSSL 1.1.0 development branch.</p>
+      <p>Only the ciphers that are supported by the SSL implementation will be
+      used.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, a default (using the OpenSSL notation) of
+      <code>HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!kRSA</code> will be
+      used.</p>
+      <p>Note that, by default, the order in which ciphers are defined is
+      treated as an order of preference. See <code>honorCipherOrder</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">disableCompression</code></td><td>
+      <p>OpenSSL only.</p>
+      <p>Configures if compression is disabled. The default is
+      <code>true</code>. If the OpenSSL version used does not support disabling
+      compression then the default for that OpenSSL version will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">disableSessionTickets</code></td><td>
+      <p>OpenSSL only.</p>
+      <p>Disables use of TLS session tickets (RFC 5077) if set to
+      <code>true</code>. Default is <code>false</code>. Note that when TLS
+      session tickets are in use, the full peer certificate chain will only be
+      available on the first connection. Subsequent connections (that use a
+      ticket to estrablish the TLS session) will only have the peer certificate,
+      not the full chain.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">honorCipherOrder</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set to <code>true</code> to enforce the server's cipher order
+      (from the <code>ciphers</code> setting) instead of allowing
+      the client to choose the cipher. The default is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hostName</code></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the SSL Host. This should either be the fully qualified
+      domain name (e.g. <code>tomcat.apache.org</code>) or a wild card domain
+      name (e.g. <code>*.apache.org</code>). If not specified, the default value
+      of <code>_default_</code> will be used. Provided values are always
+      converted to lower case.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">insecureRenegotiation</code></td><td>
+      <p>OpenSSL only.</p>
+      <p>Configures if insecure renegotiation is allowed. The default is
+      <code>false</code>. If the OpenSSL version used does not support
+      configuring if insecure renegotiation is allowed then the default for that
+      OpenSSL version will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keyManagerAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The <code>KeyManager</code> algorithm to be used. This defaults to
+      <code>KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm()</code> which returns
+      <code>SunX509</code> for Sun JVMs. IBM JVMs return
+      <code>IbmX509</code>. For other vendors, consult the JVM
+      documentation for the default value.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">protocols</code></td><td>
+      <p>The names of the protocols to support when communicating with clients.
+      This should be a list of any combination of the following:
+      </p>
+      <ul><li>SSLv2Hello</li><li>SSLv3</li><li>TLSv1</li><li>TLSv1.1</li>
+      <li>TLSv1.2</li><li>TLSv1.3</li><li>all</li></ul>
+      <p>Each token in the list can be prefixed with a plus sign ("+")
+      or a minus sign ("-"). A plus sign adds the protocol, a minus sign
+      removes it form the current list. The list is built starting from
+      an empty list.</p>
+      <p>The token <code>all</code> is an alias for
+      <code>SSLv2Hello,TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3</code>.</p>
+      <p>Note that <code>TLSv1.3</code> is only supported for JSSE when using a
+      JVM that implements <code>TLSv1.3</code>.</p>
+      <p>Note that <code>SSLv2Hello</code> will be ignored for OpenSSL based
+      secure connectors. If more than one protocol is specified for an OpenSSL
+      based secure connector it will always support <code>SSLv2Hello</code>. If a
+      single protocol is specified it will not support
+      <code>SSLv2Hello</code>.</p>
+      <p>Note that <code>SSLv2</code> and <code>SSLv3</code> are inherently
+      unsafe.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>all</code> will be
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">revocationEnabled</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>Should the JSSE provider enable certificate revocation checks? If
+      <strong>certificateRevocationListFile</strong> is set then this attribute
+      is ignored and revocation checks are always enabled. This attribute is
+      intended to enable revocation checks that have been configured for the
+      current JSSE provider via other means. If not specified, a default of
+      <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionCacheSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of SSL sessions to maintain in the session cache. Specify
+      <code>-1</code> to use the implementation default. Values of zero and
+      above are passed to the implementation. Zero is used to specify an
+      unlimited cache size and is not recommended. If not specified, a default
+      of <code>-1</code> is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time, in seconds, after the creation of an SSL session that it will
+      timeout. Specify <code>-1</code> to use the implementation default. Values
+      of zero and above are passed to the implementation. Zero is used to
+      specify an unlimited timeout and is not recommended. If not specified, a
+      default of 86400 (24 hours) is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslProtocol</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The SSL protocol(s) to use (a single value may enable multiple
+      protocols - see the JVM documentation for details). If not specified, the
+      default is <code>TLS</code>. The permitted values may be obtained from the
+      JVM documentation for the allowed values for algorithm when creating an
+      <code>SSLContext</code> instance e.g.
+      <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SSLContext">
+      Oracle Java 7</a>. Note: There is overlap between this attribute and
+      <code>protocols</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">trustManagerClassName</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The name of a custom trust manager class to use to validate client
+      certificates. The class must have a zero argument constructor and must
+      also implement <code>javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager</code>. If this
+      attribute is set, the trust store attributes may be ignored.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststoreAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The algorithm to use for truststore. If not specified, the default
+      value returned by
+      <code>javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm()</code> is
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststoreFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The trust store file to use to validate client certificates. The
+      default is the value of the <code>javax.net.ssl.trustStore</code> system
+      property. If neither this attribute nor the default system property is
+      set, no trust store will be configured. Relative paths
+      will be resolved against <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>. A URL may also be
+      used for this attribute.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststorePassword</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The password to access the trust store. The default is the value of the
+      <code>javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword</code> system property. If that
+      property is null, no trust store password will be configured. If an
+      invalid trust store password is specified, a warning will be logged and an
+      attempt will be made to access the trust store without a password which
+      will skip validation of the trust store contents.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststoreProvider</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The name of the truststore provider to be used for the server
+      certificate. The default is the value of the
+      <code>javax.net.ssl.trustStoreProvider</code> system property. If
+      that property is null, the value of <code>keystoreProvider</code> is used
+      as the default. If neither this attribute, the default system property nor
+      <code>keystoreProvider</code> is set, the list of registered providers is
+      traversed in preference order and the first provider that supports the
+      <code>truststoreType</code> is used.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststoreType</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The type of key store used for the trust store. The default is the
+      value of the <code>javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType</code> system property. If
+      that property is null, a single certificate has been configured for this
+      TLS virtual host and that certificate has a <code>keystoreType</code> that
+      is not <code>PKCS12</code> then the default will be the
+      <code>keystoreType</code> of the single certificate. If none of these
+      identify a default, the default will be <code>JKS</code>. See the notes on
+      <a href="#Key_store_types">key store types</a> below.</p>
+     </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Support_-_Certificate">SSL Support - Certificate</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p></p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the file that contains the server certificate. The format is
+      PEM-encoded. Relative paths will be resolved against
+      <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>.</p>
+      <p>In addition to the certificate, the file can also contain as optional
+      elements DH parameters and/or an EC curve name for ephemeral keys, as
+      generated by <code>openssl dhparam</code> and <code>openssl ecparam</code>,
+      respectively. The output of the respective OpenSSL command can simply
+      be concatenated to the certificate file.</p>
+      <p>This attribute is required unless
+      <strong>certificateKeystoreFile</strong> is specified.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateChainFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the file that contains the certificate chain associated with
+      the server certificate used. The format is
+      PEM-encoded. Relative paths will be resolved against
+      <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>.</p>
+      <p>The certificate chain used for Tomcat should not include the server
+      certificate as its first element.</p>
+      <p>Note that when using more than one certificate for different types,
+      they all must use the same certificate chain.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateKeyAlias</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The alias used for the server key and certificate in the keystore. If
+      not specified, the first key read from the keystore will be used. The
+      order in which keys are read from the keystore is implementation
+      dependent. It may not be the case that keys are read from the keystore in
+      the same order as they were added. If more than one key is present in the
+      keystore it is strongly recommended that a keyAlias is configured to
+      ensure that the correct key is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateKeyFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the file that contains the server private key. The format is
+      PEM-encoded. The default value is the value of
+      <strong>certificateFile</strong> and in this case both certificate and
+      private key have to be in this file (NOT RECOMMENDED). Relative paths will
+      be resolved against <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateKeyPassword</code></td><td>
+      <p>The password used to access the private key associated with the server
+      certificate from the specified file.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default behaviour for JSSE is to use the
+      <strong>certificateKeystorePassword</strong>. For OpenSSL the default
+      behaviour is not to use a password.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateKeystoreFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The pathname of the keystore file where you have stored the server
+      certificate and key to be loaded. By default, the pathname is the file
+      <code>.keystore</code> in the operating system home directory of the user
+      that is running Tomcat. If your <code>keystoreType</code> doesn't need a
+      file use <code>""</code> (empty string) or <code>NONE</code> for this
+      parameter.  Relative paths will be resolved against
+      <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>.  A URI may also be used for this attribute.
+      When using a domain keystore (<code>keystoreType</code> of
+      <code>DKS</code>), this parameter should be the URI to the domain
+      keystore.</p>
+      <p>This attribute is required unless
+      <strong>certificateFile</strong> is specified.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateKeystorePassword</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The password to use to access the keystore containing the server's
+      private key and certificate. If not specified, a default of
+      <code>changeit</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateKeystoreProvider</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The name of the keystore provider to be used for the server
+      certificate. If not specified, the value of the system property
+      <code>javax.net.ssl.keyStoreProvider</code> is used. If neither this
+      attribute nor the system property are set, the list of registered
+      providers is traversed in preference order and the first provider that
+      supports the <code>keystoreType</code> is used.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">certificateKeystoreType</code></td><td>
+      <p>JSSE only.</p>
+      <p>The type of keystore file to be used for the server certificate.
+      If not specified, the value of the system property
+      <code>javax.net.ssl.keyStoreType</code> is used. If neither this attribute
+      nor the system property are set, a default value of "<code>JKS</code>". is
+      used. See the notes on <a href="#Key_store_types">key store types</a>
+      below.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">type</code></td><td>
+      <p>The type of certificate. This is used to identify the ciphers that are
+      compatible with the certificate. It must be one of <code>UNDEFINED</code>,
+      <code>RSA</code>, <code>DSA</code> or <code>EC</code>. If only one
+      <strong>Certificate</strong> is nested within a <code>SSLHostConfig</code>
+      then this attribute is not required and will default to
+      <code>UNDEFINED</code>. If multiple <strong>Certificate</strong>s are
+      nested within a <code>SSLHostConfig</code> then this attribute is required
+      and each <strong>Certificate</strong> must have a unique type.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Support_-_Connector_-_NIO_and_NIO2">SSL Support - Connector - NIO and NIO2</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>When APR/native is enabled, the connectors will default to using
+  OpenSSL through JSSE, which may be more optimized than the JSSE Java
+  implementation depending on the processor being used,
+  and can be complemented with many commercial accelerator components.</p>
+
+  <p>The following NIO and NIO2 SSL configuration attributes are not specific to
+  a virtual host and, therefore, must be configured on the connector.</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sniParseLimit</code></td><td>
+      <p>In order to implement SNI support, Tomcat has to parse the first TLS
+      message received on a new TLS connection (the client hello) to extract the
+      requested server name. The message needs to be buffered so it can then be
+      passed to the JSSE implementation for normal TLS processing. In theory,
+      this first message could be very large although in practice it is
+      typically a few hundred bytes. This attribute sets the maximum message
+      size that Tomcat will buffer. If a message exceeds this size, the
+      connection will be configured as if no server name was indicated by the
+      client. If not specified a default of <code>65536</code> (64k) will be
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslImplementationName</code></td><td>
+      <p>The class name of the SSL implementation to use. If not specified and
+      the tomcat-native library is not installed, the
+      default of <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse.JSSEImplementation</code>
+      will be used which wraps JVM's default JSSE provider. Note that the
+      JVM can be configured to use a different JSSE provider as the default.
+      Tomcat also bundles a special SSL implementation for JSSE that is backed
+      by OpenSSL. To enable it, the native library should be enabled as if
+      intending to use the APR connector, and Tomcat will automatically enable it
+      and the default value of this attribute becomes
+      <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLImplementation</code>.
+      In that case, the attributes from either JSSE and OpenSSL
+      configuration styles can be used, as long as the two types are not mixed
+      (for example, it is not allowed to define use of a Java keystore and
+      specify a separate pem private key using the OpenSSL attribute).</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Support_-_OpenSSL's_SSL_CONF_API">SSL Support - OpenSSL's SSL_CONF API</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>When OpenSSL is providing the TLS implementation, one or more
+  <strong>OpenSSLConfCmd</strong> elements may be nested inside a
+  <strong>OpenSSLConf</strong> element to configure OpenSSL via OpenSSL's
+  <code>SSL_CONF</code> API. A single <strong>OpenSSLConf</strong> element may
+  be nested in a <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong> element.</p>
+
+  <p>The set of configuration file commands available depends on the OpenSSL
+  version being used. For a list of supported command names and values, see the
+  section Supported configuration file commands in the <a href="https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CONF_cmd.html#SUPPORTED-CONFIGURATION-FILE-COMMANDS">SSL_CONF_cmd(3)</a> manual page for OpenSSL. Some of the configuration file
+  commands can be used as alternatives to <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>
+  attributes. It is recommended that configuration file commands are only used
+  where the feature cannot be configured using <strong>SSLHostConfig</strong>
+  attributes.</p>
+
+  <p>The <strong>OpenSSLConf</strong> element does not support any
+  attributes.</p>
+
+  <p>The <strong>OpenSSLConfCmd</strong> element supports the following
+  attributes.</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the configuration file command.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">value</code></td><td>
+      <p>The value to use for the configuration file command.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Key_store_types">Key store types</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>In addition to the standard key store types (JKS and PKCS12), most Java
+    runtimes support additional key store types such as Windows-ROOT,
+    Windows-My, DKS as well as hardware security modules. Generally, to use
+    these additional keystore types with a TLS Connector in Tomcat:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>Set the certificateKeystoreType and/or truststoreType Connector
+          attribute (as appropriate) to the necessary type</li>
+      <li>If a configuration file is required, set the certificateKeystoreFile
+          and/or truststoreFile Connector attribute (as appropriate) to point to
+          the file</li>
+      <li>If no configuration file is required then you will almost certainly
+          need to explicitly set the certificateKeystoreFile and/or
+          truststoreFile Connector attribute (as appropriate) to the empty
+          string ("")</li>
+      <li>If a password is required, set the certificateKeystorePassword and/or
+          truststorePassword Connector attribute (as appropriate) to the
+          required password</li>
+      <li>If no password is required then you will almost certainly need to
+          explicitly set the certificateKeystorePassword and/or
+          truststorePassword Connector attribute (as appropriate) to the empty
+          string ("")</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>Variations in key store implementations, combined with the key store
+    manipulation Tomcat does in the background to allow interoperability between
+    JSSE and OpenSSL configuration styles, means that some keystores may need
+    slightly different configuration. Assistance is always available from the
+    <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-users">Apache Tomcat
+    users mailing list</a>. We aim to document any key stores that vary from the
+    above advice here. Currently there are none we are aware of.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Support_-_Connector_-_NIO_and_NIO2_(deprecated)">SSL Support - Connector - NIO and NIO2 (deprecated)</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The following NIO and NIO2 SSL configuration attributes have been
+  deprecated in favor of the default
+  <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+  the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+  <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+  explicitly defined, it will be created..
+  </p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">algorithm</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>keyManagerAlgorithm</code> attribute of
+      the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ciphers</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>ciphers</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with the
+      <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">clientAuth</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateVerification</code> attribute
+      of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element
+      with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">crlFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateRevocationListFile</code>
+      attribute of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keyAlias</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateKeyAlias</code> attribute of
+      the first <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element
+      nested in the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keyPass</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateKeyPassword</code> attribute
+      of the first <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element
+      nested in the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keystoreFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateKeystoreFile</code> attribute
+      of the first <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element
+      nested in the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keystorePass</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateKeystorePassword</code>
+      attribute of the first
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element nested in the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keystoreProvider</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateKeystoreProvider</code>
+      attribute of the first
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element nested in the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keystoreType</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateKeystoreType</code> attribute
+      of the first <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element
+      nested in the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionCacheSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>sessionCacheSize</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>sessionTimeout</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslEnabledProtocols</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>protocols</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslProtocol</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>sslProtocol</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">trustManagerClassName</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>trustManagerClassName</code> attribute
+      of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element
+      with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">trustMaxCertLength</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateVerificationDepth</code>
+      attribute of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststoreAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>truststoreAlgorithm</code> attribute of
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststoreFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>truststoreFile</code> attribute of
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststorePass</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>truststorePassword</code> attribute of
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststoreProvider</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>truststoreProvider</code> attribute of
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">truststoreType</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>truststoreType</code> attribute of
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+     </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useServerCipherSuitesOrder</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>honorCipherOrder</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Support_-_Connector_-_APR/Native_(deprecated)">SSL Support - Connector - APR/Native (deprecated)</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>When APR/native is enabled, the HTTPS connector will use a socket poller
+  for keep-alive, increasing scalability of the server. It also uses OpenSSL,
+  which may be more optimized than JSSE depending on the processor being used,
+  and can be complemented with many commercial accelerator components. Unlike
+  the HTTP connector, the HTTPS connector cannot use sendfile to optimize static
+  file processing.</p>
+
+  <p>The HTTPS APR/native connector has the same attributes than the HTTP
+  APR/native connector, but adds OpenSSL specific ones. For the full details on
+  using OpenSSL, please refer to OpenSSL documentations and the many books
+  available for it (see the <a href="http://www.openssl.org">Official OpenSSL
+  website</a>). The SSL specific attributes for the APR/native connector are:
+  </p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLCACertificateFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>caCertificateFile</code> attribute of
+      the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLCACertificatePath</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>caCertificatePath</code> attribute of
+      the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLCARevocationFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateRevocationListFile</code>
+      attribute of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLCARevocationPath</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateRevocationListPath</code>
+      attribute of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">SSLCertificateFile</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateFile</code> attribute of the
+      first <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element nested
+      in the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element
+      with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLCertificateKeyFile</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateKeyFile</code> attribute of
+      the first <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element
+      nested in the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLCipherSuite</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>ciphers</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with the
+      <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLDisableCompression</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>disableCompression</code> attribute of
+      the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with
+      the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLHonorCipherOrder</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>honorCipherOrder</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with the
+      <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLPassword</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateKeyPassword</code> attribute
+      of the first <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> element
+      nested in the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_Certificate">Certificate</a> and/or
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, they will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLProtocol</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>protocols</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element with the
+      <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLVerifyClient</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateVerification</code> attribute
+      of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element
+      with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLVerifyDepth</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>certificateVerificationDepth</code>
+      attribute of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a>
+      element with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLDisableSessionTickets</code></td><td>
+      <p>This is an alias for the <code>disableSessionTickets</code> attribute
+      of the <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element
+      with the <code>hostName</code> of <code>_default_</code>. If this
+      <a href="#SSL_Support_-_SSLHostConfig">SSLHostConfig</a> element is not
+      explicitly defined, it will be created.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector_Comparison">Connector Comparison</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Below is a small chart that shows how the connectors differ.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable" style="text-align: center;">
+      <tr>
+        <th></th>
+        <th style="text-align: center;">Java Nio Connector<br>NIO</th>
+        <th style="text-align: center;">Java Nio2 Connector<br>NIO2</th>
+        <th style="text-align: center;">APR/native Connector<br>APR</th>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Classname</th>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">Http11NioProtocol</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">Http11Nio2Protocol</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">Http11AprProtocol</code></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Tomcat Version</th>
+        <td>since 6.0.x</td>
+        <td>since 8.0.x</td>
+        <td>since 5.5.x</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Support Polling</th>
+        <td>YES</td>
+        <td>YES</td>
+        <td>YES</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Polling Size</th>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Read Request Headers</th>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Read Request Body</th>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Write Response Headers and Body</th>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Wait for next Request</th>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+        <td>Non Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>SSL Support</th>
+        <td>Java SSL or OpenSSL</td>
+        <td>Java SSL or OpenSSL</td>
+        <td>OpenSSL</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>SSL Handshake</th>
+        <td>Non blocking</td>
+        <td>Non blocking</td>
+        <td>Blocking</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Max Connections</th>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+        <td><code class="noHighlight">maxConnections</code></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The HTTP2 Upgrade Protocol</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The HTTP2 Upgrade Protocol</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>HTTP Upgrade Protocol</strong> element represents an
+  <strong>Upgrade Protocol</strong> component that supports the HTTP/2 protocol.
+  An instance of this component must be associated with an existing
+  <a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1 Connector</a>.</p>
+
+  <p>HTTP/2 connectors use non-blocking I/O, only utilising a container thread
+  from the thread pool when there is data to read and write. However, because
+  the Servlet API is fundamentally blocking, each HTTP/2 stream requires a
+  dedicated container thread for the duration of that stream.</p>
+
+  <p>Requests processed using HTTP/2 will have the following additional request
+  attributes available:</p>
+  <ul>
+    <li><code>org.apache.coyote.connectionID</code> will return the HTTP/2
+        connection ID</li>
+    <li><code>org.apache.coyote.streamID</code> will return the HTTP/2 stream
+        ID</li>
+  </ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>All implementations of <strong>Upgrade Protocol</strong> support the
+  following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>This must be <code>org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The HTTP/2 <strong>Upgrade Protocol</strong> implementation supports the
+  following attributes in addition to the common attributes listed above.</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowedTrailerHeaders</code></td><td>
+      <p>By default Tomcat will ignore all trailer headers when processing
+      HTTP/2 connections. For a header to be processed, it must be added to this
+      comma-separated list of header names.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">compressibleMimeType</code></td><td>
+      <p>The value is a comma separated list of MIME types for which HTTP
+      compression may be used.
+      The default value is
+      <code>
+      text/html,text/xml,text/plain,text/css,text/javascript,application/javascript,application/json,application/xml
+      </code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">compression</code></td><td>
+      <p>The HTTP/2 protocol may use compression in an attempt to save server
+      bandwidth. The acceptable values for the parameter is "off" (disable
+      compression), "on" (allow compression, which causes text data to be
+      compressed), "force" (forces compression in all cases), or a numerical
+      integer value (which is equivalent to "on", but specifies the minimum
+      amount of data before the output is compressed). If the content-length is
+      not known and compression is set to "on" or more aggressive, the output
+      will also be compressed. If not specified, this attribute is set to
+      "off".</p>
+      <p><em>Note</em>: There is a tradeoff between using compression (saving
+      your bandwidth) and using the sendfile feature (saving your CPU cycles).
+      If the connector supports the sendfile feature, e.g. the NIO2 connector,
+      using sendfile will take precedence over compression. The symptoms will
+      be that static files greater that 48 Kb will be sent uncompressed.
+      You can turn off sendfile by setting <code>useSendfile</code> attribute
+      of the protocol, as documented below, or change the sendfile usage
+      threshold in the configuration of the
+      <a href="../default-servlet.html">DefaultServlet</a> in the default
+      <code>conf/web.xml</code> or in the <code>web.xml</code> of your web
+      application.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">compressionMinSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <strong>compression</strong> is set to "on" then this attribute
+      may be used to specify the minimum amount of data before the output is
+      compressed. If not specified, this attribute is defaults to "2048".</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">initialWindowSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>Controls the initial size of the flow control window for streams that
+      Tomcat advertises to clients. If not specified, the default value of
+      <code>65535</code> is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">keepAliveTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time, in milliseconds, that Tomcat will wait between HTTP/2 frames
+      when there is no active Stream before closing the connection. Negative
+      values will be treated as an infinite timeout. If not specified, a default
+      value of <code>20000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxConcurrentStreamExecution</code></td><td>
+      <p>The controls the maximum number of streams for any one connection that
+      can be allocated threads from the container thread pool. If more streams
+      are active than threads are available, those streams will have to wait
+      for a stream to become available. If not specified, the default value of
+      <code>20</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxConcurrentStreams</code></td><td>
+      <p>The controls the maximum number of active streams permitted for any one
+      connection. If a client attempts to open more active streams than this
+      limit, the stream will be reset with a <code>STREAM_REFUSED</code> error.
+      If not specified, the default value of <code>100</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxHeaderCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of headers in a request that is allowed by the
+      container. A request that contains more headers than the specified limit
+      will be rejected. A value of less than 0 means no limit.
+      If not specified, a default of 100 is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxHeaderSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum total size for all headers in a request that is allowed by
+      the container. Total size for a header is calculated as the uncompressed
+      size of the header name in bytes, plus the uncompressed size of the header
+      value in bytes plus an HTTP/2 overhead of 3 bytes per header. A request
+      that contains a set of headers that requires more than the specified limit
+      will be rejected. A value of less than 0 means no limit. If not specified,
+      a default of 8192 is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxTrailerCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of trailer headers in a request that is allowed by
+      the container. A request that contains more trailer headers than the
+      specified limit will be rejected. A value of less than 0 means no limit.
+      If not specified, a default of 100 is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxTrailerSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum total size for all trailer headers in a request that is
+      allowed by the container. Total size for a header is calculated as the
+      uncompressed size of the header name in bytes, plus the uncompressed size
+      of the header value in bytes plus an HTTP/2 overhead of 3 bytes per
+      header. A request that contains a set of trailer headers that requires
+      more than the specified limit will be rejected. A value of less than 0
+      means no limit. If not specified, a default of 8192 is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">noCompressionStrongETag</code></td><td>
+      <p>This flag configures whether resources with a stong ETag will be
+      considered for compression. If <code>true</code>, resources with a strong
+      ETag will not be compressed. The default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      <p>This attribute is deprecated. It will be removed in Tomcat 10 onwards
+      where it will be hard-coded to <code>true</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">noCompressionUserAgents</code></td><td>
+      <p>The value is a regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>)
+      matching the <code>user-agent</code> header of HTTP clients for which
+      compression should not be used,
+      because these clients, although they do advertise support for the
+      feature, have a broken implementation.
+      The default value is an empty String (regexp matching disabled).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">overheadContinuationThreshold</code></td><td>
+      <p>The threshold below which the payload size of a non-final
+      <code>CONTINUATION</code> frame will trigger an increase in the overhead
+      count (see <strong>overheadCountFactor</strong>). The overhead count will
+      be increased by <code>overheadContinuationThreshold/payloadSize</code> so
+      that the smaller the <code>CONTINUATION</code> frame, the greater the
+      increase in the overhead count. A value of zero or less disables the
+      checking of non-final <code>CONTINUATION</code> frames. If not specified,
+      a default value of <code>1024</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">overheadCountFactor</code></td><td>
+      <p>The factor to apply when counting overhead frames to determine if a
+      connection has too high an overhead and should be closed. The overhead
+      count starts at <code>-10 * overheadCountFactor</code>. The count is
+      decreased by 20 for each data frame sent or received and each headers frame
+      received. The count is increased by the <code>overheadCountFactor</code>
+      for each setting received, priority frame received and ping received. If
+      the overhead count exceeds zero, the connection is closed. A value of less
+      than <code>1</code> disables this protection. In normal usage a value of
+      approximately <code>20</code> or higher will close the connection before
+      any streams can complete. If not specified, a default value of
+      <code>10</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">overheadDataThreshold</code></td><td>
+      <p>The threshold below which the average payload size of the current and
+      previous non-final <code>DATA</code> frames will trigger an increase in
+      the overhead count (see <strong>overheadCountFactor</strong>). The
+      overhead count will be increased by
+      <code>overheadDataThreshold/average</code> so that the smaller the
+      average, the greater the increase in the overhead count. A value of zero
+      or less disables the checking of non-final <code>DATA</code> frames. If
+      not specified, a default value of <code>1024</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">overheadWindowUpdateThreshold</code></td><td>
+      <p>The threshold below which the average size of current and previous
+      <code>WINDOW_UPDATE</code> frame will trigger an increase in the overhead
+      count (see <strong>overheadCountFactor</strong>). The overhead count will
+      be increased by <code>overheadWindowUpdateThreshold/average</code> so
+      that the smaller the average, the greater the increase in the overhead
+      count. A value of zero or less disables the checking of
+      <code>WINDOW_UPDATE</code> frames. If not specified, a default value of
+      <code>1024</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">readTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time, in milliseconds, that Tomcat will wait for additional data
+      when a partial HTTP/2 frame has been received. Negative values will be
+      treated as an infinite timeout. If not specified, a default value of
+      <code>5000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">streamReadTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time, in milliseconds, that Tomcat will wait for additional data
+      frames to arrive for the stream when an application is performing a
+      blocking I/O read and additional data is required. Negative values will be
+      treated as an infinite timeout. If not specified, a default value of
+      <code>20000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">streamWriteTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time, in milliseconds, that Tomcat will wait for additional window
+      update frames to arrive for the stream and/or connection when an
+      application is performing a blocking I/O write and the stream and/or
+      connection flow control window is too small for the write to complete.
+      Negative values will be treated as an infinite timeout. If not specified,
+      a default value of <code>20000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useSendfile</code></td><td>
+      <p>Use this boolean attribute to enable or disable sendfile capability.
+      The default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      <p>This setting is ignored, and the sendfile capability disabled, if the
+      <strong>useAsyncIO</strong> attribute of the associated
+      <strong>Connector</strong> is set to <code>false</code>.</p>
+      <p>The HTTP/2 sendfile capability uses <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/nio/MappedByteBuffer.html">MappedByteBuffer</a> which is known to cause file locking on Windows.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">writeTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time, in milliseconds, that Tomcat will wait to write additional
+      data when an HTTP/2 frame has been partially written. Negative values will
+      be treated as an infinite timeout. If not specified, a default value of
+      <code>5000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  <p>The HTTP/2 upgrade protocol will also inherit the following limits from the
+  <a href="http.html">HTTP Connector</a> it is nested with:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>maxCookieCount</li>
+    <li>maxParameterCount</li>
+    <li>maxPostSize</li>
+    <li>maxSavePostSize</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This component does not support any nested components.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This component does not support any special features.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - Overview</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Overview</h2><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>This manual contains reference information about all of the configuration
+directives that can be included in a <code>conf/server.xml</code> file to
+configure the behavior of the Tomcat Servlet/JSP container.  It does not
+attempt to describe which configuration directives should be used to perform
+specific tasks - for that, see the various <em>How-To</em> documents on the
+main index page.</p>
+
+<p>Tomcat configuration files are formatted as schemaless XML; elements and
+attributes are case-sensitive. Apache Ant-style variable substitution
+is supported; a system property with the name <code>propname</code> may be
+used in a configuration file using the syntax <code>${propname}</code>. All
+system properties are available including those set using the <code>-D</code>
+syntax, those automatically made available by the JVM and those configured in
+the <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.properties</code> file.
+</p>
+
+<p>The configuration element descriptions are organized into the following
+major categories:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>Top Level Elements</strong> - <code>&lt;Server&gt;</code> is the
+    root element of the entire configuration file, while
+    <code>&lt;Service&gt;</code> represents a group of Connectors that is
+    associated with an Engine.</li>
+<li><strong>Connectors</strong> - Represent the interface between external
+    clients sending requests to (and receiving responses from) a particular
+    Service.</li>
+<li><strong>Containers</strong> - Represent components whose function is to
+    process incoming requests, and create the corresponding responses.
+    An Engine handles all requests for a Service, a Host handles all requests
+    for a particular virtual host, and a Context handles all requests for a
+    specific web application.</li>
+<li><strong>Nested Components</strong> - Represent elements that can be
+    nested inside the element for a Container.  Some elements can be nested
+    inside any Container, while others can only be nested inside a
+    Context.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For each element, the corresponding documentation follows this general
+outline:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>Introduction</strong> - Overall description of this particular
+    component.  There will be a corresponding Java <em>interface</em> (in
+    the <code>org.apache.catalina</code> package) that is implemented by one
+    or more standard implementations.</li>
+<li><strong>Attributes</strong> - The set of attributes that are legal for
+    this element.  Generally, this will be subdivided into <em>Common</em>
+    attributes that are supported by all implementations of the corresponding
+    Java interface, and <em>Standard Implementation</em> attributes that are
+    specific to a particular Java class that implements this interface.
+    The names of required attributes are <strong>bolded</strong>.</li>
+<li><strong>Nested Components</strong> - Enumerates which of the <em>Nested
+    Components</em> can be legally nested within this element.</li>
+<li><strong>Special Features</strong> - Describes the configuration of a large
+    variety of special features (specific to each element type) that are
+    supported by the standard implementation of this interface.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/jar-scan-filter.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/jar-scan-filter.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Jar Scan Filter Component</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Jar Scan Filter Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>Jar Scan Filter</strong> element represents the component that
+  filters results from the <a href="jar-scanner.html">Jar Scanner</a> before
+  they are passed back to the application. It is typically used to skip the
+  scanning of JARs that are known not to be relevant to some or all types of
+  scan.</p>
+
+  <p>A Jar Scan Filter element MAY be nested inside a
+  <a href="jar-scanner.html">Jar Scanner</a> component.</p>
+
+  <p>For example you can specify additional jar files when scanning for pluggable
+  features:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;JarScanner&gt;
+    &lt;JarScanFilter
+        pluggabilityScan="${tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToScan},
+                       my_pluggable_feature.jar"/&gt;
+  &lt;/JarScanner&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>If a Jar Scan Filter element is not included, a default Jar Scan Filter
+  configuration will be created automatically, which is sufficient for most
+  requirements.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Jar Scan Filter</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.tomcat.JarScanFilter</code> interface.
+        If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Jar Scan Filter</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter</strong>.
+    Additional attributes that it supports (in addition to the common attributes
+    listed above) are listed in the table.</p>
+
+    <p>The values for <strong>pluggabilitySkip</strong>,
+    <strong>pluggabilityScan</strong>, <strong>tldSkip</strong>,
+    <strong>tldScan</strong> attributes are lists of file name pattern. The
+    patterns are separated by comma (','). The leading and trailing whitespace
+    characters in a pattern are ignored. The patterns are matched
+    case-sensitively. The following two special characters are supported:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>'*' - means zero or more characters,</li>
+      <li>'?' - means one and only one character.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>Note that excluding a JAR from the pluggability scan will prevent a
+    ServletContainerInitializer from being loaded from a web application JAR
+    (i.e. one located in <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code>) but it will not prevent
+    a ServletContainerInitializer from being loaded from the container (Tomcat).
+    To prevent a ServletContainerInitializer provided by container from being
+    loaded, use the <code>containerSciFilter</code> property of the
+    <a href="context.html">Context</a>.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pluggabilitySkip</code></td><td>
+       <p>The comma separated list of JAR file name patterns
+       to skip when scanning for pluggable features introduced by Servlet 3.0
+       specification. If not specified, the default is obtained from the
+       <code>tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToSkip</code> system
+       property.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pluggabilityScan</code></td><td>
+       <p>The comma separated list of JAR file name patterns
+       to scan when scanning for pluggable features introduced by Servlet 3.0
+       specification. If not specified, the default is obtained from the
+       <code>tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToScan</code> system
+       property.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">defaultPluggabilityScan</code></td><td>
+       <p>Controls if JARs are scanned or skipped by default when scanning
+       for the pluggable features.
+       If <code>true</code>, a JAR is scanned when its name either matches
+       none of <strong>pluggabilitySkip</strong> patterns or
+       any of <strong>pluggabilityScan</strong> patterns.
+       If <code>false</code>, a JAR is scanned when its name matches
+       any of <strong>pluggabilityScan</strong> patterns and
+       none of <strong>pluggabilitySkip</strong> patterns.
+       If not specified, the default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tldSkip</code></td><td>
+       <p>The comma separated list of JAR file name patterns
+       to skip when scanning for tag libraries (TLDs).
+       If not specified, the default is obtained
+       from the <code>tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToSkip</code>
+       system property.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tldScan</code></td><td>
+       <p>The comma separated list of JAR file name patterns
+       to scan when scanning for tag libraries (TLDs).
+       If not specified, the default is obtained
+       from the <code>tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToScan</code>
+       system property.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">defaultTldScan</code></td><td>
+       <p>Controls if JARs are scanned or skipped by default when scanning
+       for TLDs.
+       If <code>true</code>, a JAR is scanned when its name either matches
+       none of <strong>tldSkip</strong> patterns or
+       any of <strong>tldScan</strong> patterns.
+       If <code>false</code>, a JAR is scanned when its name matches
+       any of <strong>tldScan</strong> patterns and
+       none of <strong>tldSkip</strong> patterns.
+       If not specified, the default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>No components may be nested inside a <strong>Jar Scan Filter</strong> element.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>No special features are associated with a <strong>Jar Scan Filter</strong>
+  element.</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/jar-scanner.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/jar-scanner.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Jar Scanner Component</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Jar Scanner Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>Jar Scanner</strong> element represents the component that is
+  used to scan the web application for JAR files and directories of class files.
+  It is typically used during web application start to identify configuration
+  files such as TLDs or web-fragment.xml files that must be processed as part of
+  the web application initialisation.</p>
+
+  <p>A Jar Scanner element MAY be nested inside a
+  <a href="context.html">Context</a> component.</p>
+
+  <p>For example you can include the bootstrap classpath when scanning for jar
+  files:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;JarScanner scanBootstrapClassPath="true"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>If a Jar Scanner element is not included, a default Jar Scanner configuration
+  will be created automatically, which is sufficient for most requirements.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Jar Scanner</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.tomcat.JarScanner</code> interface.
+        If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Jar Scanner</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanner</strong>.
+    It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
+    common attributes listed above):</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scanAllDirectories</code></td><td>
+       <p>If <code>true</code>, any directories found on the classpath will be
+       checked to see if they are expanded JAR files.
+       The default is <code>false</code>.</p>
+       <p>Tomcat determines if a directory is an expanded JAR file by looking
+       for a META-INF sub-directory. Only if the META-INF sub-directory exists,
+       the directory is assumed to be an expanded JAR file. Note that for scans
+       for matches to <code>@HandlesTypes</code> annotations, all directories
+       will be scanned irrespective of the presence or not of a META-INF
+       sub-directory.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scanAllFiles</code></td><td>
+       <p>If <code>true</code>, any files found on the classpath will be checked
+       to see if they are Jar files rather than relying on the file extension
+       being <code>.jar</code>. The default is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scanClassPath</code></td><td>
+       <p>If <code>true</code>, the full web application classpath, including
+       the shared and common classloaders and the system classpath (but not the
+       bootstrap classpath) will be scanned for Jar files in addition to the web
+       application. The default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scanBootstrapClassPath</code></td><td>
+       <p>If <strong>scanClassPath</strong> is <code>true</code> and this is
+       <code>true</code> the bootstrap classpath will also be scanned for Jar
+       files. The default is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">scanManifest</code></td><td>
+       <p>If <code>true</code>, the Manifest files of any JARs found will be
+       scanned for additional class path entries and those entries will be added
+       to the URLs to scan. The default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>Only a <a href="jar-scan-filter.html">Jar Scan Filter</a> may be nested
+  inside a <strong>Jar Scanner</strong> element.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>No special features are associated with a <strong>Jar Scanner</strong>
+  element.</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/jaspic.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/jaspic.html
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - JASPIC</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>JASPIC</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Static_configuration">Static configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#AuthConfigProvider">AuthConfigProvider</a></li><li><a href="#ServerAuthModule">ServerAuthModule</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Dynamic_configuration">Dynamic configuration</a></li><li><a href="#3rd_party_modules">3rd party modules</a><ol><li><a href="#Philip_Green_II's_module_for_Google_OAuth_2">Philip Green II's module for Google OAuth 2</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>Tomcat implements JASPIC 1.1 Maintenance Release B
+  (<a href="https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=196">JSR 196</a>). The
+  implementation is primarily intended to enable the integration of 3rd party
+  JASPIC authentication implementations with Tomcat.</p>
+
+  <p>JASPIC may be configured in one of two ways:</p>
+  <ul>
+    <li>At the container level via the static configuration file
+        <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jaspic-providers.xml</code>. With this
+        approach all required classes must be visible to Tomcat's Common class
+        loader which normally means placing a JAR in
+        <code>$CATALINA_BASE/lib</code>.</li>
+     <li>At the web application level via dynamic configuration using the JASPIC
+         API. With this approach all required classes must be visible to the web
+         application class loader which normally means placing a JAR in the web
+         application's <code>WEB-INF/lib</code> directory.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>Users should be aware that if the static JASPIC configuration file
+     configures JASPIC for a given web application then the JASPIC configuration
+     will take precedence over any <code>&lt;login-config&gt;</code> present in
+     the web application's <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Static_configuration">Static configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="AuthConfigProvider">AuthConfigProvider</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>If the 3rd party implementation includes an
+    <code>AuthConfigProvider</code> then a web application can be configured to
+    use it by nesting the following inside the
+    <code>&lt;jaspic-providers&gt;</code> element in
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jaspic-providers.xml</code>.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;provider name="any"
+          className="fully.qualified.implementation.class.Name"
+          layer="HttpServlet"
+          appContext="Catalina/localhost /contextPath"
+          description="any"&gt;
+  &lt;property name="see-provider-documentation"
+            value="see-provider-documentation" /&gt;
+&lt;/provider&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The <code>name</code> and <code>description</code> attributes are not
+    used by Tomcat.</p>
+
+    <p>The <code>className</code> attribute must be the fully qualified class
+    name of the <code>AuthConfigProvider</code>. The implementation may be
+    packaged with the web application or in Tomcat's
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/lib</code> directory.</p>
+
+    <p>The <code>layer</code> attribute must be <code>HttpServlet</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>The <code>appContext</code> attribute must be exactly the concatenation
+    of:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>The engine name</li>
+      <li>The forward slash character</li>
+      <li>The host name</li>
+      <li>A single space</li>
+      <li>The context path</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>If the <code>AuthConfigProvider</code> supports configuration via
+    properties these may be specified via <code>&lt;property&gt;</code> elements
+    nesting inside the <code>&lt;provide&gt;</code> element.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="ServerAuthModule">ServerAuthModule</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>If the 3rd party implementation only provides an
+    <code>ServerAuthModule</code> then it will be necessary to provide a number
+    of supporting classes. These may be a custom implementation or,
+    alternatively, Tomcat provides a simple wrapper implementation for
+    <code>ServerAuthModule</code>s.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>Tomcat's wrapper for <code>ServerAuthModule</code> can be configured
+    by nesting the following inside the
+    <code>&lt;jaspic-providers&gt;</code> element in
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jaspic-providers.xml</code>.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;provider name="any"
+          className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.SimpleAuthConfigProvider"
+          layer="HttpServlet"
+          appContext="Catalina/localhost /contextPath"
+          description="any"&gt;
+  &lt;property name="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.ServerAuthModule.1"
+            value="fully.qualified.implementation.class.Name" /&gt;
+  &lt;property name="see-provider-documentation"
+            value="see-provider-documentation" /&gt;
+&lt;/provider&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The configuration is similar to the <code>AuthConfigProvider</code> in
+    the previous section but with some key differences.</p>
+
+    <p>The <code>className</code> attribute must be
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.SimpleAuthConfigProvider</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>The <code>ServerAuthModule</code>(s) are specified via properties. The
+    property name must be
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.ServerAuthModule.n</code>
+    where <code>n</code> is the index of the module. The index must start at 1
+    an increment in steps of 1 until all modules are defined. The value of the
+    property must be the fully qualified class name of the module.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Dynamic_configuration">Dynamic configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>JASPIC modules and configuration can be packaged within a WAR file with the
+  web application. The web application can then register the required JASPIC
+  configuration when it starts using the standard JASPIC APIs.</p>
+
+  <p>If parallel deployment is being used then dynamic configuration should not
+  be used. The JASPIC API assumes that a context path is unique for any given
+  host which is not the case when using parallel deployment. When using parallel
+  deployment, static JASPIC configuration should be used. This will require that
+  all versions of the application use the same JASPIC configuration.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="3rd_party_modules">3rd party modules</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>This is not an exhaustive list. The Tomcat community welcomes contributions
+  that add to this section.</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Philip_Green_II's_module_for_Google_OAuth_2">Philip Green II's module for Google OAuth 2</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The source code for this module along with the
+    <a href="https://github.com/phillipgreenii/google-oauth-2.0-serverauthmodule">documentation</a>
+    which includes details of the necessary Google API configuration is
+    available on GitHub.</p>
+
+    <p>A sample configuration for using this module with Tomcat would look like
+    this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;jaspic-providers xmlns="https://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
+                  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+                  xsi:schemaLocation="https://tomcat.apache.org/xml jaspic-providers.xsd"
+                  version="1.0"&gt;
+  &lt;provider name="google-oauth"
+            className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.SimpleAuthConfigProvider"
+            layer="HttpServlet"
+            appContext="Catalina/localhost /contextPath"
+            description="Google OAuth test"&gt;
+    &lt;property name="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.ServerAuthModule.1"
+              value="com.idmworks.security.google.GoogleOAuthServerAuthModule" /&gt;
+    &lt;property name="oauth.clientid"
+              value="obtained-from-Google-console" /&gt;
+    &lt;property name="oauth.clientsecret"
+              value="obtained-from-Google-console" /&gt;
+    &lt;property name="ignore_missing_login_context"
+              value="true" /&gt;
+  &lt;/provider&gt;
+&lt;/jaspic-providers&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/listeners.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/listeners.html
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The LifeCycle Listener Component</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The LifeCycle Listener Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementations">Standard Implementations</a><ol><li><a href="#APR_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener">APR Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener</a></li><li><a href="#Global_Resources_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener">Global Resources Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener</a></li><li><a href="#JNI_Library_Loading_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.JniLifecycleListener">JNI Library Loading Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.JniLifecycleListener</a></li><li><a href="#JRE_Memory_Leak_Prevention_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener">JRE Memory Leak Prevention Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</a><ol><li><a href="#JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener_Examples">JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener Examples</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Security_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener">Security Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener</a></li><li><a href="#StoreConfig_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener">StoreConfig Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener</a></li><li><a href="#ThreadLocal_Leak_Prevention_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener">ThreadLocal Leak Prevention Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener</a></li><li><a href="#UserConfig_-_org.apache.catalina.startup.UserConfig">UserConfig - org.apache.catalina.startup.UserConfig</a></li><li><a href="#Version_Logging_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener">Version Logging Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener</a></li><li><a href="#HTTPD_mod_heartmonitor_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.ha.backend.HeartbeatListener">HTTPD mod_heartmonitor Listener - org.apache.catalina.ha.backend.HeartbeatListener</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>A <strong>Listener</strong> element defines a component that performs
+  actions when specific events occur, usually Tomcat starting or Tomcat
+  stopping.</p>
+
+  <p>Listeners may be nested inside a <a href="server.html">Server</a>,
+  <a href="engine.html">Engine</a>, <a href="host.html">Host</a> or
+  <a href="context.html">Context</a>. Some Listeners are only intended to be
+  nested inside specific elements. These constraints are noted in the
+  documentation below.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Listener</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener</code>
+        interface.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>No element may be nested inside a <strong>Listener</strong>.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Standard_Implementations">Standard Implementations</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>Unlike most Catalina components, there are several standard
+  <strong>Listener</strong> implementations available.  As a result,
+  the <code>className</code> attribute MUST be used to select the
+  implementation you wish to use.</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="APR_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener">APR Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>APR Lifecycle Listener</strong> checks for the presence of
+    the APR/native library and loads the library if it is present. For more
+    information see the <a href="../apr.html">APR/native guide</a>.</p>
+
+    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
+    elements.</p>
+
+    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>APR
+    Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLEngine</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the SSLEngine to use. <code>off</code>: do not use SSL,
+        <code>on</code>: use SSL but no specific ENGINE.</p>
+        <p>The default value is <b>on</b>. This initializes the
+        native SSL engine, which must be enabled in the APR/native connector by
+        the use of the <code>SSLEnabled</code> attribute.</p>
+        <p>See the <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">Official OpenSSL website</a>
+        for more details on supported SSL hardware engines and manufacturers.
+        </p>
+        <p>Tomcat Native 2.x onwards requires SSL so if SSLEngine is set to
+        <code>off</code> when using Tomcat Native 2.x onwards, the APR/native
+        library will be disabled.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">SSLRandomSeed</code></td><td>
+        <p>Entropy source used to seed the SSLEngine's PRNG. The default value
+        is <code>builtin</code>. On development systems, you may want to set
+        this to <code>/dev/urandom</code> to allow quicker start times.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">FIPSMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>The behaviour of this attribute depends on whether Tomcat Native has
+        been compiled against OpenSSL 1.x or OpenSSL 3.x.</p>
+        <p>For OpenSSL 1.x: Set to <code>on</code> to request that OpenSSL be in
+        FIPS mode (if OpenSSL is already in FIPS mode, it will remain in FIPS
+        mode).
+        Set to <code>enter</code> to force OpenSSL to enter FIPS mode (an
+        error will occur if OpenSSL is already in FIPS mode).
+        Set to <code>require</code> to require that OpenSSL <i>already</i> be
+        in FIPS mode (an error will occur if OpenSSL is not already in FIPS
+        mode).</p>
+        <p>For OpenSSL 3.x: <code>on</code>, <code>enter</code> and
+        <code>require</code> all behave the same way. If the FIPS provider is
+        the default provider, it will be used. If the FIPS provider is not the
+        default provider, an error will occur.</p>
+        <p>FIPS mode <em>requires you to have a FIPS-capable OpenSSL library</em>.
+        If this attribute is set to anything other than <code>off</code>, the
+        <b>SSLEngine</b> must be enabled as well.</p>
+        <p>The default value is <code>off</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useAprConnector</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls the auto-selection of the connector
+        implementation. When the <strong>protocol</strong> is specified as
+        <code>HTTP/1.1</code> or <code>AJP/1.3</code> then if this attribute is
+        <code>true</code> the APR/native connector will be used but if this
+        attribute is false the NIO connector will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useOpenSSL</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls the auto-selection of the OpenSSL JSSE
+        implementation. The default is <code>true</code> which will use OpenSSL
+        if the native library is available and a NIO or NIO2 connector is used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Global_Resources_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener">Global Resources Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Global Resources Lifecycle Listener</strong> initializes the
+    Global JNDI resources defined in server.xml as part of the <a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a> element. Without this
+    listener, none of the Global Resources will be available.</p>
+
+    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
+    elements.</p>
+
+    <p>No additional attributes are supported by the <strong>Global Resources
+    Lifecycle Listener</strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JNI_Library_Loading_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.JniLifecycleListener">JNI Library Loading Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.JniLifecycleListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>JNI Library Loading Listener</strong> makes it possible
+    for multiple Webapps to use a native library, by loading the native
+    library using a shared class loader (typically the Common class loader but
+    may vary in some configurations)</p>
+
+    <p>The listener supports two mutually exclusive attributes, so one of them must be used, but you can not use both together:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">libraryName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the native library, as defined in
+        <code>java.lang.System.loadLibrary()</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">libraryPath</code></td><td>
+        <p>The absolute path of the native library, as defined in
+        <code>java.lang.System.load()</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JRE_Memory_Leak_Prevention_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener">JRE Memory Leak Prevention Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>JRE Memory Leak Prevention Listener</strong> provides
+    work-arounds for known places where the Java Runtime environment uses
+    the context class loader to load a singleton as this will cause a memory
+    leak if a web application class loader happens to be the context class
+    loader at the time. The work-around is to initialise these singletons when
+    this listener starts as Tomcat's common class loader is the context class
+    loader at that time. It also provides work-arounds for known issues that
+    can result in locked JAR files.</p>
+
+    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
+    elements.</p>
+
+    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>JRE
+    Memory Leak Prevention Listener</strong>:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">appContextProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables protection so that calls to
+        <code>sun.awt.AppContext.getAppContext()</code> triggered by a web
+        application do not result in a memory leak. Note that enabling this
+        protection will trigger a requirement for a graphical environment unless
+        Java is started in head-less mode. The default is <code>false</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">AWTThreadProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables protection so that calls to
+        <code>java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit()</code> triggered by a web
+        application do not result in a memory leak.
+        Defaults to <code>false</code> because an AWT thread is launched. This
+        protection is disabled if running on Java 9 onwards since the leak has
+        been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">classesToInitialize</code></td><td>
+        <p>List of comma-separated fully qualified class names to load and initialize
+        during the startup of this Listener. This allows to pre-load classes that are
+        known to provoke classloader leaks if they are loaded during a request
+        processing. Non-JRE classes may be referenced, like
+        <code>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleTimeoutThreadPerVM</code>.
+        The default value is empty, but specific JRE classes are loaded by other leak
+        protection features managed by other attributes of this Listener.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">driverManagerProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>The first use of <code>java.sql.DriverManager</code> will trigger the
+        loading of JDBC Drivers visible to the current class loader and its
+        parents. The web application level memory leak protection can take care
+        of this in most cases but triggering the loading here has fewer
+        side-effects. The default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">forkJoinCommonPoolProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables protection so the threads created for
+        <code>ForkJoinPool.commonPool()</code> do not result in a memory leak.
+        The protection is enabled by setting the
+        <code>java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.threadFactory</code>
+        system property. If this property is set when Tomcat starts, Tomcat will
+        not over-ride it even if this protection is explicitly enabled. The
+        default is <code>true</code>.  This protection is disabled if running on
+        Java 9 onwards since the leak has been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">gcDaemonProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables protection so that calls to
+        <code>sun.misc.GC.requestLatency(long)</code> triggered by a web
+        application do not result in a memory leak. Use of RMI is likely to
+        trigger a call to this method. A side effect of enabling this protection
+        is the creation of a thread named "GC Daemon". The protection uses
+        reflection to access internal Sun classes and may generate errors on
+        startup on non-Sun JVMs. The default is <code>true</code>. This
+        protection is disabled if running on Java 9 onwards since the leak has
+        been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">initSeedGenerator</code></td><td>
+        <p>The first use of <code>SeedGenerator</code>, an internal class of
+        the default security spi implementation, might create a thread on some
+        platforms. Depending on the timing of the first use of a secure random
+        this thread might become associated with a webapp classloader, causing
+        a memory leak. Setting this to <code>true</code> will initialize the
+        seed. The default is <code>false</code> to avoid consuming random if
+        not needed.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ldapPoolProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables protection so that the PoolCleaner thread started by
+        <code>com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapPoolManager</code> does not result in a
+        memory leak. The thread is started the first time the
+        <code>LdapPoolManager</code> class is used if the system property
+        <code>com.sun.jndi.ldap.connect.pool.timeout</code> is set to a value
+        greater than 0. Without this protection, if a web application uses this
+        class the PoolCleaner thread will be configured with the thread's
+        context class loader set to the web application class loader which in
+        turn will trigger a memory leak on reload. Defaults to
+        <code>true</code>. This protection is disabled if running on Java 9
+        onwards since the leak has been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">tokenPollerProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables protection so that any token poller thread initialized by
+        <code>sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11.initToken()</code> does not
+        result in a memory leak. The thread is started depending on various
+        conditions as part of the initialization of the Java Cryptography
+        Architecture. Without the protection this can happen during Webapp
+        deployment when the MessageDigest for generating session IDs is
+        initialized. As a result the thread has the Webapp class loader as its
+        thread context class loader. Enabling the protection initializes JCA
+        early during Tomcat startup. Defaults to <code>true</code>. This
+        protection is disabled if running on Java 9 onwards since the leak has
+        been fixed for Java 9 onwards.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">urlCacheProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables protection so that reading resources from JAR files using
+        <code>java.net.URLConnection</code>s does not result in the JAR file
+        being locked. Note that enabling this protection disables caching by
+        default for all resources obtained via
+        <code>java.net.URLConnection</code>s. Caching may be re-enabled on a
+        case by case basis as required. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">xmlParsingProtection</code></td><td>
+        <p>Enables protection so that parsing XML files within a web application
+        does not result in a memory leak. Note that memory profilers may not
+        display the GC root associated with this leak making it particularly
+        hard to diagnose. Defaults to <code>true</code>. This protection is
+        disabled if running on Java 9 onwards since the leak has been fixed for
+        Java 9 onwards.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener_Examples">JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener Examples</h4><div class="text">
+
+      <p>The following is an example of how to configure the
+      <code>classesToInitialize</code> attribute of this listener.</p>
+
+      <p>If this listener was configured in server.xml as:</p>
+
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"
+            classesToInitialize="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleTimeoutThreadPerVM" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+      <p>then the <code>OracleTimeoutThreadPerVM</code> class would be loaded
+      and initialized during listener startup instead of during request
+      processing.</p>
+
+    </div></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Security_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener">Security Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Security Lifecycle Listener</strong> performs a number of
+    security checks when Tomcat starts and prevents Tomcat from starting if they
+    fail. The listener is not enabled by default. To enabled it uncomment the
+    listener in $CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml. For Tomcat versions before 9.0.7,
+    if the operating system supports umask then the line in
+    $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh that obtains the umask also needs to be
+    uncommented. For Tomcat 9.0.7 and later, the umask is automatically
+    passed-into Tomcat.</p>
+
+    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
+    elements.</p>
+
+    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>Security
+    Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">checkedOsUsers</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma separated list of OS users that must not be used to start
+        Tomcat. If not specified, the default value of <b>root</b> is used. To
+        disable this check, set the attribute to the empty string. Usernames
+        are checked in a case-insensitive manner.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">minimumUmask</code></td><td>
+        <p>The least restrictive umask that must be configured before Tomcat
+        will start. If not specified, the default value of <b>0007</b> is used.
+        To disable this check, set the attribute to the empty string. The check
+        is not performed on Windows platforms.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="StoreConfig_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener">StoreConfig Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>StoreConfig Lifecycle Listener</strong> configures a
+    StoreConfig MBean that may be used to save the current server configuration
+    in server.xml or the current configuration for a web application in a
+    context.xml file.</p>
+
+    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
+    elements.</p>
+
+    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the
+    <strong>StoreConfig Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">storeConfigClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the <code>IStoreConfig</code> implementation to use. If
+        not specified the default of
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfig</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">storeRegistry</code></td><td>
+        <p>The URL of the configuration file that configures how the
+        <code>IStoreConfig</code> is to save the configuration. If not specified
+        the built in resource
+        <code>/org/apache/catalina/storeconfig/server-registry.xml</code> will
+        be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="ThreadLocal_Leak_Prevention_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener">ThreadLocal Leak Prevention Listener - org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>ThreadLocal Leak Prevention Listener</strong> triggers the
+    renewal of threads in <a href="executor.html">Executor</a> pools when a
+    <a href="context.html">Context</a> is being stopped to avoid thread-local
+    related memory leaks. Active threads will be renewed one by one when they
+    come back to the pool after executing their task. The renewal happens
+    only for contexts that have their <code>renewThreadsWhenStoppingContext</code>
+    attribute set to <code>true</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
+    elements.</p>
+
+    <p>No additional attributes are supported by the <strong>ThreadLocal Leak
+    Prevention Listener</strong>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="UserConfig_-_org.apache.catalina.startup.UserConfig">UserConfig - org.apache.catalina.startup.UserConfig</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>UserConfig</strong> provides feature of User Web Applications.
+    User Web Applications map a request URI starting with a tilde character ("~")
+    and a username to a directory (commonly named public_html) in that user's
+    home directory on the server.</p>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="host.html#User_Web_Applications">User Web Applications</a>
+    special feature on the <strong>Host</strong> element for more information.</p>
+
+    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the
+    <strong>UserConfig</strong>:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">directoryName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The directory name to be searched for within each user home directory.
+        The default is <code>public_html</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>The class name of the user database class.
+        There are currently two user database, the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.PasswdUserDatabase</code> is used on a
+        Unix system that uses the /etc/passwd file to identify valid users.
+        The <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.HomesUserDatabase</code> is used on
+        a server where /etc/passwd is not in use. HomesUserDatabase deploy all
+        directories found in a specified base directory.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">homeBase</code></td><td>
+        <p>The base directory containing user home directories. This is effective
+        only when <code>org.apache.catalina.startup.HomesUserDatabase</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allow</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression defining user who deployment is allowed. If this
+        attribute is specified, the user to deploy must match for this pattern.
+        If this attribute is not specified, all users will be deployed unless the
+        user matches a deny pattern.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deny</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression defining user who deployment is denied. If this
+        attribute is specified, the user to deploy must not match for this
+        pattern. If this attribute is not specified, deployment of user will be
+        governed by a allow attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Version_Logging_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener">Version Logging Lifecycle Listener - org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Version Logging Lifecycle Listener</strong> logs Tomcat, Java
+    and operating system information when Tomcat starts.</p>
+
+    <p>This listener must only be nested within <a href="server.html">Server</a>
+    elements and should be the first listener defined.</p>
+
+    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>Version
+    Logging Lifecycle Listener</strong>:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logArgs</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the command line arguments passed to Java when
+        Tomcat started will be logged. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logEnv</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the current environment variables when Tomcat
+        starts will be logged. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logProps</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the current Java system properties will be
+        logged. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="HTTPD_mod_heartmonitor_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.ha.backend.HeartbeatListener">HTTPD mod_heartmonitor Listener - org.apache.catalina.ha.backend.HeartbeatListener</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>HTTPD mod_heartmonitor Listener</strong> allows tomcat to send heart beat message to
+    the Apache HTTPD mod_heartmonitor module.</p>
+
+    <p>The following additional attributes are supported by the <strong>HTTPD mod_heartmonitor
+    Listener</strong>:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">Port</code></td><td>
+        <p>Port the connector that will received proxied traffic from HTTPD, default the first connector will be used</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">Host</code></td><td>
+        <p>Host it is the IP corresponding the <strong>address</strong> of the connector that will received proxied traffic,
+        default empty the <strong>Port</strong> will be used</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">proxyURL</code></td><td>
+        <p>proxyURL is the URL corresponding to the <strong>Location</strong> in httpd configuration of the heartbeat Handler,
+        default /HeartbeatListener</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ProxyList</code></td><td>
+        <p>ProxyList is the list of proxies from which tomcat is going to receive requests,
+        formatted like "address:port,address:port" once filled the multicast logic is disable and the multi parameters are
+        ignored</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">Group</code></td><td>
+        <p>Group is the Multicast IP to broadcast messages to HTTPD, default 224.0.1.105</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">Multiport</code></td><td>
+        <p>Multiport is the Multicast port to broadcast messages to HTTPD, default 23364</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">Ttl</code></td><td>
+        <p>Ttl is the TTL for the broadcast messages, default 16</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/loader.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/loader.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Loader Component</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Loader Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a><ol><li><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>Loader</strong> element represents the <em>web
+  application class loader</em> that will be used to load Java
+  classes and resources for your web application.  Such
+  a class loader must follow the requirements of the Servlet
+  Specification, and load classes from the following locations:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>From the <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> directory inside your
+      web application.</li>
+  <li>From JAR files in the <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> directory
+      inside your web application.</li>
+  <li>From resources made available by Catalina to all web
+      applications globally.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>A Loader element MAY be nested inside a <a href="context.html">Context</a>
+  component.  If it is not included, a default Loader configuration will be
+  created automatically, which is sufficient for most requirements.</p>
+
+  <p>For a more in-depth description of the class loader hierarchy
+  that is implemented by Catalina, see <a href="../class-loader-howto.html">the ClassLoader HowTo</a>.</p>
+
+    <p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Loader</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Loader</code> interface.
+        If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">delegate</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want the class loader to follow
+        the standard Java2 delegation model, and attempt to load classes from
+        parent class loaders <strong>before</strong> looking inside the web
+        application.  Set to <code>false</code> (the default) to have the
+        class loader look inside the web application first, before asking
+        parent class loaders to find requested classes or resources.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">reloadable</code></td><td>
+        <p><strong>NOTE</strong> - This attribute has been deprecated in Tomcat
+        9 and will be removed in Tomcat 10. Use the equivalent attribute on the
+        surrounding <a href="context.html">Context</a> component.</p>
+
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want Catalina to monitor classes in
+        <code>/WEB-INF/classes/</code> and <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> for
+        changes, and automatically reload the web application if a change
+        is detected.  This feature is very useful during application
+        development, but it requires significant runtime overhead and is
+        not recommended for use on deployed production applications.  You
+        can use the <a href="../manager-howto.html">Manager</a> web
+        application, however, to trigger reloads of deployed applications
+        on demand.</p>
+
+        <p><strong>NOTE</strong> - The value for this property will be
+        inherited from the <code>reloadable</code> attribute you set on
+        the surrounding <a href="context.html">Context</a> component,
+        and any value you explicitly set here will be replaced.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Loader</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader</strong>.
+    It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
+    common attributes listed above):</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">loaderClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the <code>java.lang.ClassLoader</code>
+        implementation class to use. Custom implementations must extend
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase</code>.
+        </p>
+
+        <p>If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.loader.ParallelWebappClassLoader</code>. The
+        default <strong>loaderClass</strong> is parallel capable, which
+        means that multiple threads may load difference classes in parallel.
+        A non-parallel capable <strong>loaderClass</strong> is available and can
+        be used by specifying
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>No components may be nested inside a <strong>Loader</strong> element.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Logging">Logging</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>A loader is associated with the log category based on its classname.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/manager.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/manager.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Manager Component</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Manager Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a><ol><li><a href="#Persistence_Across_Restarts">Persistence Across Restarts</a></li><li><a href="#Disable_Session_Persistence">Disable Session Persistence</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>Manager</strong> element represents the <em>session
+  manager</em> that will be used to create and maintain HTTP sessions
+  as requested by the associated web application.</p>
+
+  <p>A Manager element MAY be nested inside a
+  <a href="context.html">Context</a> component.  If it is not included,
+  a default Manager configuration will be created automatically, which
+  is sufficient for most requirements, &mdash; see
+  <em>Standard Manager Implementation</em> below for the details
+  of this configuration.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Manager</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Manager</code> interface.
+        If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxActiveSessions</code></td><td>
+        <p>The maximum number of active sessions that will be created by
+        this Manager, or <code>-1</code> (the default) for no limit.</p>
+
+        <p>When the limit is reached, any attempt to create a new session
+        (e.g. with <code>HttpServletRequest.getSession()</code> call)
+        will fail with an <code>IllegalStateException</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">notifyAttributeListenerOnUnchangedValue</code></td><td>
+        <p>If an attribute is added to the session and that attribute is already
+        present in the session under the same name will any
+        <code>HttpSessionAttributeListener</code> be notified that the attribute
+        has been replaced. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">notifyBindingListenerOnUnchangedValue</code></td><td>
+        <p>If an attribute is added to the session, that attribute is already
+        present in the session under the same name and the attribute implements
+        <code>HttpSessionBindingListener</code>, will the listener be notified
+        that the attribute has been unbound and bound again. If not specified,
+        the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Tomcat provides two standard implementations of <strong>Manager</strong>
+    for use &mdash; the default one stores active sessions, while the optional one
+    stores active sessions that have been swapped out (in addition to saving
+    sessions across a restart of Tomcat) in a storage location that is selected
+    via the use of an appropriate <strong>Store</strong> nested element.</p>
+
+    <h3>Standard Manager Implementation</h3>
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Manager</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager</strong>.
+    It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
+    common attributes listed above):</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pathname</code></td><td>
+        <p>Absolute or relative (to the work directory for this Context)
+        pathname of the file in which session state will be preserved
+        across application restarts, if possible.  The default is
+        "SESSIONS.ser".<br>See
+        <a href="#Persistence_Across_Restarts">Persistence Across Restarts</a>
+        for more information. This persistence may be
+        disabled by setting this attribute to an empty string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">persistAuthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should authentication information be included when session state is
+        preserved across application restarts? If <code>true</code>, the session's
+        authentication is preserved so that the session remains authenticated
+        after the application has been restarted. If not specified, the default
+        value of <code>false</code> will be used.<br>See
+        <a href="#Persistence_Across_Restarts">Persistence Across Restarts</a>
+        for more information.</p>
+
+        <p>Please note that the session's <code>Principal</code> class as well
+        as its descendant classes are all subject to the
+        <strong>sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</strong>. If such a filter
+        is specified or a <code>SecurityManager</code> is enabled, the names of
+        the <code>Principal</code> class and descendant classes must match that
+        filter pattern in order to be restored.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">persistAuthenticationNotes</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) be
+        included when session state is preserved across application restarts?
+        If <code>true</code>, the session's authentication notes are preserved
+        so that an in progress FORM authentication can continue after the
+        application has been restarted. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.<br>See
+        <a href="#Persistence_Across_Restarts">Persistence Across Restarts</a>
+        for more information.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">processExpiresFrequency</code></td><td>
+        <p>Frequency of the session expiration, and related manager operations.
+        Manager operations will be done once for the specified amount of
+        backgroundProcess calls (i.e., the lower the amount, the more often the
+        checks will occur). The minimum value is 1, and the default value is 6.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class that extends
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> to use to generate session IDs.
+        If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomProvider</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the provider to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the Manager
+        will use the platform default provider and the default algorithm. If not
+        specified, the platform default provider will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the algorithm to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the Manager
+        will use the platform default provider and the default algorithm. If not
+        specified, the default algorithm of SHA1PRNG will be used. If the
+        default algorithm is not supported, the platform default will be used.
+        To specify that the platform default should be used, do not set the
+        secureRandomProvider attribute and set this attribute to the empty
+        string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAttributeNameFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
+        serialized for clustering/replication, or storage to any persistent store.
+        An attribute will only be serialized if its name matches
+        this pattern. If the pattern is zero length or <code>null</code>, all
+        attributes are eligible for distribution. The pattern is anchored so the
+        session attribute name must fully match the pattern. As an example, the
+        value <code>(userName|sessionHistory)</code> will only distribute the
+        two session attributes named <code>userName</code> and
+        <code>sessionHistory</code>. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>null</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
+        serialized for clustering/replication, or storage to any persistent store.
+        An attribute will only be serialized if the implementation
+        class name of the value matches this pattern. If the pattern is zero
+        length or <code>null</code>, all attributes are eligible for
+        distribution. The pattern is anchored so the fully qualified class name
+        must fully match the pattern. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>null</code> will be used unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is
+        enabled in which case the default will be
+        <code>java\\.lang\\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\\.apache\\.catalina\\.realm\\.GenericPrincipal\\$SerializablePrincipal|\\[Ljava.lang.String;</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">warnOnSessionAttributeFilterFailure</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <strong>sessionAttributeNameFilter</strong> or
+        <strong>sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</strong> blocks an
+        attribute, should this be logged at <code>WARN</code> level? If
+        <code>WARN</code> level logging is disabled then it will be logged at
+        <code>DEBUG</code>. The default value of this attribute is
+        <code>false</code> unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is enabled in
+        which case the default will be <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <h3>Persistent Manager Implementation</h3>
+
+    <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> You must set either the
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.ACTIVITY_CHECK</code> or
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code>
+    <a href="systemprops.html">system properties</a> to <code>true</code> for
+    the persistent manager to work correctly.</p>
+
+    <p>The persistent implementation of <strong>Manager</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager</strong>.  In
+    addition to the usual operations of creating and deleting sessions, a
+    <code>PersistentManager</code> has the capability to swap active (but
+    idle) sessions out to a persistent storage mechanism, as well as to save
+    all sessions across a normal restart of Tomcat.  The actual persistent
+    storage mechanism used is selected by your choice of a
+    <strong>Store</strong> element nested inside the <strong>Manager</strong>
+    element - this is required for use of <code>PersistentManager</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>This implementation of Manager supports the following attributes in
+    addition to the <a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a>
+    described earlier.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>It has the same meaning as described in the
+        <a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a> above.
+        You <strong>must</strong> specify
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager</code> to use
+        this manager implementation.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxIdleBackup</code></td><td>
+        <p>The time interval (in seconds) since the last access to a session
+        before it is eligible for being persisted to the session store, or
+        <code>-1</code> to disable this feature.  By default, this feature is
+        disabled.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxIdleSwap</code></td><td>
+        <p>The maximum time a session may be idle before it is eligible to be
+        swapped to disk due to inactivity. Setting this to <code>-1</code> means
+        sessions should not be swapped out just because of inactivity. If this
+        feature is enabled, the time interval specified here should be equal to
+        or longer than the value specified for <code>maxIdleBackup</code>. By
+        default, this feature is disabled.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">minIdleSwap</code></td><td>
+        <p>The minimum time in seconds a session must be idle before it is
+        eligible to be swapped to disk to keep the active session count below
+        maxActiveSessions. Setting to <code>-1</code> means sessions will not be
+        swapped out to keep the active session count down. If specified, this
+        value should be less than that specified by <code>maxIdleSwap</code>.
+        By default, this value is set to <code>-1</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">persistAuthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should authentication information be included when sessions are
+        swapped out to persistent storage? If <code>true</code>, the session's
+        authentication is preserved so that the session remains authenticated
+        after being reloaded (swapped in) from persistent storage. If not
+        specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+
+        <p>Please note that the session's <code>Principal</code> class as well
+        as its descendant classes are all subject to the
+        <strong>sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</strong>. If such a filter
+        is specified or a <code>SecurityManager</code> is enabled, the names of
+        the <code>Principal</code> class and descendant classes must match that
+        filter pattern in order to be restored.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">persistAuthenticationNotes</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) be
+        included when sessions are swapped out to persistent storage? If
+        <code>true</code>, the session's authentication notes (used during
+        FORM authentication) are preserved so that an in progress FORM
+        authentication can continue after being reloaded (swapped in) from
+        persistent storage. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+
+        <p>Please note that if it is possible that the session will be swapped
+        in to a different node to the node from which it was swapped out, all
+        nodes must be upgraded to at least 9.0.66 (the version where this
+        feature was introduced) before this feature is enabled else the swapping
+        in may fail.</p>
+
+        <p>This attribute has been removed for Tomcat 10.1.x onwards which
+        always persists FORM authenticaton notes.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">processExpiresFrequency</code></td><td>
+        <p>It is the same as described above for the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager</code> class.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">saveOnRestart</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should all sessions be persisted and reloaded when Tomcat is shut
+        down and restarted (or when this application is reloaded)?  By default,
+        this attribute is set to <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>It is the same as described above for the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager</code> class.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomProvider</code></td><td>
+        <p>It is the same as described above for the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager</code> class.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>It is the same as described above for the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager</code> class.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAttributeNameFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
+        serialized for clustering/replication, or storage to any persistent store.
+        An attribute will only be serialized if its name matches
+        this pattern. If the pattern is zero length or <code>null</code>, all
+        attributes are eligible for distribution. The pattern is anchored so the
+        session attribute name must fully match the pattern. As an example, the
+        value <code>(userName|sessionHistory)</code> will only distribute the
+        two session attributes named <code>userName</code> and
+        <code>sessionHistory</code>. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>null</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
+        serialized for clustering/replication, or storage to any persistent store.
+        An attribute will only be serialized if the implementation
+        class name of the value matches this pattern. If the pattern is zero
+        length or <code>null</code>, all attributes are eligible for
+        distribution. The pattern is anchored so the fully qualified class name
+        must fully match the pattern. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>null</code> will be used unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is
+        enabled in which case the default will be
+        <code>java\\.lang\\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\\.apache\\.catalina\\.realm\\.GenericPrincipal\\$SerializablePrincipal|\\[Ljava.lang.String;</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">warnOnSessionAttributeFilterFailure</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <strong>sessionAttributeNameFilter</strong> or
+        <strong>sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</strong> blocks an
+        attribute, should this be logged at <code>WARN</code> level? If
+        <code>WARN</code> level logging is disabled then it will be logged at
+        <code>DEBUG</code>. The default value of this attribute is
+        <code>false</code> unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is enabled in
+        which case the default will be <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>In order to successfully use a PersistentManager, you must nest inside
+    it a <strong>&lt;Store&gt;</strong> element, as described below.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <h3>All Manager Implementations</h3>
+
+  <p>All Manager implementations allow nesting of a
+  <strong>&lt;SessionIdGenerator&gt;</strong> element. It defines
+  the behavior of session id generation.  All implementations
+  of the <a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a> allow the
+  following attributes:
+  </p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionIdLength</code></td><td>
+      <p>The length of the session ID may be changed with the
+      <strong>sessionIdLength</strong> attribute.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  <h3>Persistent Manager Implementation</h3>
+
+  <p>If you are using the <em>Persistent Manager Implementation</em>
+  as described above, you <strong>MUST</strong> nest a
+  <strong>&lt;Store&gt;</strong> element inside, which defines the
+  characteristics of the persistent data storage.  Two implementations
+  of the <code>&lt;Store&gt;</code> element are currently available,
+  with different characteristics, as described below.</p>
+
+  <h5>File Based Store</h5>
+
+  <p>The <em>File Based Store</em> implementation saves swapped out
+  sessions in individual files (named based on the session identifier)
+  in a configurable directory.  Therefore, you are likely to encounter
+  scalability problems as the number of active sessions increases, and
+  this should primarily be considered a means to easily experiment.</p>
+
+  <p>To configure this, add a <code>&lt;Store&gt;</code> nested inside
+  your <code>&lt;Manager&gt;</code> element with the following attributes:
+  </p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+      implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Store</code> interface.  You
+      <strong>must</strong> specify
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore</code>
+      to use this implementation.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">directory</code></td><td>
+      <p>Absolute or relative (to the temporary work directory for this web
+      application) pathname of the directory into which individual session
+      files are written.  If not specified, the temporary work directory
+      assigned by the container is utilized.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+
+  <h5>Data source Based Store</h5>
+
+  <p>The <em>Data source Based Store</em> implementation saves swapped out
+  sessions in individual rows of a preconfigured table in a database
+  that is accessed via a data sourcer.  With large numbers of swapped out
+  sessions, this implementation will exhibit improved performance over
+  the File Based Store described above.</p>
+
+  <p>To configure this, add a <code>&lt;Store&gt;</code> nested inside
+  your <code>&lt;Manager&gt;</code> element with the following attributes:
+  </p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+      implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Store</code> interface.  You
+      <strong>must</strong> specify
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.session.DataSourceStore</code>
+      to use this implementation.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">dataSourceName</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the JNDI resource for a JDBC DataSource-factory. Since this
+      code uses prepared statements, you might want to configure pooled
+      prepared statements as shown in
+       <a href="../jndi-resources-howto.html">the JNDI resources
+      How-To</a>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">localDataSource</code></td><td>
+      <p>This allows the Store to use a DataSource defined for the Context
+      rather than a global DataSource. If not specified, the default is
+      <code>false</code>: use a global DataSource.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionAppCol</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified session table,
+      that contains the Engine, Host, and Web Application Context name in the
+      format <code>/Engine/Host/Context</code>. If not specified the default
+      value of <code>app</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionDataCol</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified session table,
+      that contains the serialized form of all session attributes for a swapped
+      out session. The column type must accept a binary object (typically called
+      a BLOB). If not specified the default value of <code>data</code> will be
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionIdCol</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified session table,
+      that contains the session identifier of the swapped out session. The
+      column type must accept character string data of at least as many
+      characters as are contained in session identifiers created by Tomcat
+      (typically 32). If not specified the default value of <code>id</code> will
+      be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionLastAccessedCol</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified session table,
+      that contains the <code>lastAccessedTime</code> property of this session.
+      The column type must accept a Java <code>long</code> (64 bits). If not
+      specified the default value of <code>maxinactive</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionMaxInactiveCol</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified session table,
+      that contains the <code>maxInactiveInterval</code> property of this
+      session. The column type must accept a Java <code>integer</code> (32
+      bits). If not specified, the default value of <code>maxinactive</code>
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionTable</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the database table to be used for storing swapped out sessions.
+      This table must contain (at least) the database columns that are
+      configured by the other attributes of this element. If not specified the
+      default value of <code>tomcat$sessions</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionValidCol</code></td><td>
+      <p>Name of the database column, contained in the specified session table,
+      that contains a flag indicating whether this swapped out session is still
+      valid or not. The column type must accept a single character. If not
+      specified the default value of <code>valid</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  <p>Before attempting to use the data source Store for the first time,
+  you must create the table that will be used to store swapped out sessions.
+  Detailed SQL commands vary depending on the database you are using, but
+  a script like this will generally be required:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>create table tomcat_sessions (
+  session_id     varchar(100) not null primary key,
+  valid_session  char(1) not null,
+  max_inactive   int not null,
+  last_access    bigint not null,
+  app_name       varchar(255),
+  session_data   mediumblob,
+  KEY kapp_name(app_name)
+);</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>Note: The SQL command above does not use the default names for either the
+  table or the columns so the data source Store would need to be configured
+  to reflect this.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Persistence_Across_Restarts">Persistence Across Restarts</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Whenever Apache Tomcat is shut down normally and restarted, or when an
+    application reload is triggered, the standard Manager implementation
+    will attempt to serialize all currently active sessions to a disk
+    file located via the <code>pathname</code> attribute.  All such saved
+    sessions will then be deserialized and activated (assuming they have
+    not expired in the mean time) when the application reload is completed.</p>
+
+    <p>In order to successfully restore the state of session attributes,
+    all such attributes MUST implement the <code>java.io.Serializable</code>
+    interface.  You MAY cause the Manager to enforce this restriction by
+    including the <code>&lt;distributable&gt;</code> element in your web
+    application deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>).</p>
+
+    <p>Note that, if <strong>persistAuthentication</strong> is also set to
+    <code>true</code>, the <code>Principal</code> class present in the session
+    MUST also implement the <code>java.io.Serializable</code> interface in order
+    to make authentication persistence work properly. The actual type of that
+    <code>Principal</code> class is determined by the <a href="realm.html">
+    Realm</a> implementation used with the application. Tomcat's standard
+    <code>Principal</code> class instantiated by most of the Realms (except
+    <code>JAASRealm</code>) implements <code>java.io.Serializable</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>The persistence across restarts provided by the
+    <strong>StandardManager</strong> is a simpler implementation than that
+    provided by the <strong>PersistentManager</strong>. If robust, production
+    quality persistence across restarts is required then the
+    <strong>PersistentManager</strong> should be used with an appropriate
+    configuration.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Disable_Session_Persistence">Disable Session Persistence</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>As documented above, every web application by default has
+    standard manager implementation configured, and it performs session
+    persistence across restarts. To disable this persistence feature, create
+    a <a href="context.html">Context</a> configuration file for your web
+    application and add the following element there:</p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Manager pathname="" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Realm Component</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Realm Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#DataSource_Database_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.DataSourceRealm">DataSource Database Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.DataSourceRealm</a></li><li><a href="#JNDI_Directory_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm">JNDI Directory Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm</a></li><li><a href="#UserDatabase_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm">UserDatabase Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm</a></li><li><a href="#Memory_Based_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm">Memory Based Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm</a></li><li><a href="#JAAS_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm">JAAS Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm</a></li><li><a href="#Combined_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.CombinedRealm">Combined Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.CombinedRealm</a></li><li><a href="#LockOut_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">LockOut Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm</a></li><li><a href="#Null_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.NullRealm">Null Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.NullRealm</a></li><li><a href="#Authenticated_User_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.AuthenticatedUserRealm">Authenticated User Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.AuthenticatedUserRealm</a></li><li><a href="#JDBC_Database_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm">JDBC Database Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>A <strong>Realm</strong> element represents a "database" of usernames,
+  passwords, and <em>roles</em> (similar to Unix <em>groups</em>) assigned
+  to those users.  Different implementations of Realm allow Catalina to be
+  integrated into environments where such authentication information is already
+  being created and maintained, and then utilize that information to implement
+  <em>Container Managed Security</em> as described in the Servlet
+  Specification.</p>
+
+  <p>A Catalina container (<a href="engine.html">Engine</a>,
+  <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or <a href="context.html">Context</a>) may
+  contain no more than one Realm element (although if supported by the Realm
+  this one Realm may itself contain multiple nested Realms). In addition, the
+  Realm associated with an Engine or a Host is automatically inherited by
+  lower-level containers unless the lower level container explicitly defines its
+  own Realm. If no Realm is configured for the Engine, an instance of the
+  <a href="#Null_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.NullRealm">Null Realm</a>
+  will be configured for the Engine automatically.</p>
+
+  <p>For more in-depth information about container managed security in web
+  applications, as well as more information on configuring and using the
+  standard realm component implementations, please see the
+  <a href="../realm-howto.html">Container-Managed Security Guide</a>.
+  </p>
+
+    <p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Realm</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Realm</code> interface.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>Unlike most Catalina components, there are several standard
+    <strong>Realm</strong> implementations available.  As a result,
+    the <code>className</code> attribute MUST be used to select the
+    implementation you wish to use.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="DataSource_Database_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.DataSourceRealm">DataSource Database Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.DataSourceRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>DataSource Database Realm</strong> connects Tomcat to
+    a relational database, accessed through a JNDI named JDBC DataSource
+    to perform lookups of usernames, passwords, and their associated
+    roles.  Because the lookup is done each time that it is required,
+    changes to the database will be immediately reflected in the
+    information used to authenticate new logins.</p>
+
+    <p>The JDBC Realm uses a single db connection. This requires that
+    realm based authentication be synchronized, i.e. only one authentication
+    can be done at a time. This could be a bottleneck for applications
+    with high volumes of realm based authentications.</p>
+
+    <p>The DataSource Database Realm supports simultaneous realm based
+    authentications and allows the underlying JDBC DataSource to
+    handle optimizations like database connection pooling.</p>
+
+    <p>A rich set of additional attributes lets you configure the name
+    of the JNDI JDBC DataSource, as well as the table and
+    column names used to retrieve the required information:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allRolesMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls how the special role name <code>*</code> is
+        handled when processing authorization constraints in web.xml. By
+        default, the specification compliant value of <code>strict</code> is
+        used which means that the user must be assigned one of the roles defined
+        in web.xml. The alternative values are <code>authOnly</code> which means
+        that the user must be authenticated but no check is made for assigned
+        roles and <code>strictAuthOnly</code> which means that the user must be
+        authenticated and no check will be made for assigned roles unless roles
+        are defined in web.xml in which case the user must be assigned at least
+        one of those roles.</p>
+        <p>When this attribute has the value of <code>authOnly</code> or
+        <code>strictAuthOnly</code>, the <strong>roleNameCol</strong> and
+        <strong>userRoleTable</strong> attributes become optional. If those two
+        attributes are omitted, the user's roles will not be loaded by this
+        Realm.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">dataSourceName</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the JNDI JDBC DataSource for this Realm.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">localDataSource</code></td><td>
+        <p>When the realm is nested inside a Context element, this allows the
+        realm to use a DataSource defined for the Context rather than a global
+        DataSource.  If not specified, the default is <code>false</code>: use a
+        global DataSource.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleNameCol</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "user roles" table, which contains
+        a role name assigned to the corresponding user.</p>
+        <p>This attribute is <strong>required</strong> in majority of
+        configurations. See <strong>allRolesMode</strong> attribute for
+        a rare case when it can be omitted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">stripRealmForGss</code></td><td>
+        <p>When processing users authenticated via the GSS-API, this attribute
+        controls if any "@..." is removed from the end of the user
+        name. If not specified, the default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userCredCol</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "users" table, which contains
+        the user's credentials (i.e. password).  If a
+        <code>CredentialHandler</code> is specified, this component
+        will assume that the passwords have been encoded with the
+        specified algorithm.  Otherwise, they will be assumed to be
+        in clear text.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userNameCol</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "users" and "user roles" table,
+        that contains the user's username.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userRoleTable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "user roles" table, which must contain columns
+        named by the <code>userNameCol</code> and <code>roleNameCol</code>
+        attributes.</p>
+        <p>This attribute is <strong>required</strong> in majority of
+        configurations. See <strong>allRolesMode</strong> attribute for
+        a rare case when it can be omitted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userTable</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "users" table, which must contain columns named
+        by the <code>userNameCol</code> and <code>userCredCol</code>
+        attributes.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">X509UsernameRetrieverClassName</code></td><td>
+        <p>When using X509 client certificates, this specifies the class name
+        that will be used to retrieve the user name from the certificate.
+        The class must implement the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.X509UsernameRetriever</code>
+        interface. The default is to use the certificate's SubjectDN
+        as the username.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="../realm-howto.html#DataSourceRealm">
+    DataSource Realm How-To</a> for more information on setting up container
+    managed security using the DataSource Database Realm component.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JNDI_Directory_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm">JNDI Directory Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>JNDI Directory Realm</strong> connects Tomcat to
+    an LDAP Directory, accessed through an appropriate JNDI driver,
+    that stores usernames, passwords, and their associated
+    roles. Changes to the directory are immediately reflected in the
+    information used to authenticate new logins.</p>
+
+    <p>The directory realm supports a variety of approaches to using
+    LDAP for authentication:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+    <li>The realm can either use a pattern to determine the
+    distinguished name (DN) of the user's directory entry, or search
+    the directory to locate that entry.
+    </li>
+
+    <li>The realm can authenticate the user either by binding to the
+    directory with the DN of the user's entry and the password
+    presented by the user, or by retrieving the password from the
+    user's entry and performing a comparison locally.
+    </li>
+
+    <li>Roles may be represented in the directory as explicit entries
+    found by a directory search (e.g. group entries of which the user
+    is a member), as the values of an attribute in the user's entry,
+    or both.
+    </li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p> A rich set of additional attributes lets you configure the
+    required behaviour as well as the connection to the underlying
+    directory and the element and attribute names used to retrieve
+    information from the directory:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">adCompat</code></td><td>
+        <p>Microsoft Active Directory often returns referrals.
+        When iterating over NamingEnumerations these lead to
+        PartialResultExceptions. If you want us to ignore those exceptions,
+        set this attribute to "true". Unfortunately there's no stable way
+        to detect, if the Exceptions really come from an AD referral.
+        The default value is "false".</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allRolesMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls how the special role name <code>*</code> is
+        handled when processing authorization constraints in web.xml. By
+        default, the specification compliant value of <code>strict</code> is
+        used which means that the user must be assigned one of the roles defined
+        in web.xml. The alternative values are <code>authOnly</code> which means
+        that the user must be authenticated but no check is made for assigned
+        roles and <code>strictAuthOnly</code> which means that the user must be
+        authenticated and no check will be made for assigned roles unless roles
+        are defined in web.xml in which case the user must be assigned at least
+        one of those roles.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">alternateURL</code></td><td>
+        <p>If a socket connection cannot be made to the provider at
+        the <code>connectionURL</code> an attempt will be made to use the
+        <code>alternateURL</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">authentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>A string specifying the type of authentication to use.
+        "none", "simple", "strong" or a provider specific definition
+        can be used. If no value is given the providers default is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cipherSuites</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specify which cipher suites are allowed when trying to open
+        a secured connection using StartTLS. The allowed cipher suites
+        are specified by a comma separated list. The default is to use the
+        cipher suites of the JVM.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">commonRole</code></td><td>
+        <p>A role name assigned to each successfully authenticated user in
+        addition to the roles retrieved from LDAP. If not specified, only
+        the roles retrieved via LDAP are used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The directory username to use when establishing a
+        connection to the directory for LDAP search operations. If not
+        specified an anonymous connection is made, which is often
+        sufficient unless you specify the <code>userPassword</code>
+        property.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionPassword</code></td><td>
+        <p>The directory password to use when establishing a
+        connection to the directory for LDAP search operations. If not
+        specified an anonymous connection is made, which is often
+        sufficient unless you specify the <code>userPassword</code>
+        property.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionPoolSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>The JNDI realm can use a pool of connections to the directory server
+        to avoid blocking on a single connection. This attribute value is the
+        maximum pool size. If not specified, it will use <code>1</code>, which
+        means a single connection will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>The timeout in milliseconds to use when establishing the connection
+        to the LDAP directory. If not specified, a value of 5000 (5 seconds) is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">connectionURL</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The connection URL to be passed to the JNDI driver when
+        establishing a connection to the directory.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">contextFactory</code></td><td>
+        <p>Fully qualified Java class name of the factory class used
+        to acquire our JNDI <code>InitialContext</code>.  By default,
+        assumes that the standard JNDI LDAP provider will be utilized.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">derefAliases</code></td><td>
+        <p>A string specifying how aliases are to be dereferenced during
+        search operations. The allowed values are "always", "never",
+        "finding" and "searching". If not specified, "always" is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">forceDnHexEscape</code></td><td>
+        <p>A setting of <code>true</code> forces escaping in the String
+        representation of a distinguished name to use the <code>\nn</code> form.
+        This may avoid issues with realms using Active Directory which appears
+        to be more tolerant of optional escaping when the <code>\nn</code> form
+        is used. If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hostnameVerifierClassName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the class to use for hostname verification when
+        using StartTLS for securing the connection to the ldap server.
+        The default constructor will be used to construct an instance of
+        the verifier class. The default is to accept only those hostnames,
+        that are valid according to the peer certificate of the ldap
+        server.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">protocol</code></td><td>
+         <p>A string specifying the TLS protocol to use. If not given, the
+         Java runtime's default is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">readTimeout</code></td><td>
+          <p>The timeout, in milliseconds, to use when trying to read from a
+          connection to the directory. If not specified, the default of 5000
+          (5 seconds) is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">referrals</code></td><td>
+        <p>How do we handle JNDI referrals? Allowed values are
+        "ignore", "follow", or "throw"  (see javax.naming.Context.REFERRAL
+        for more information).
+        Microsoft Active Directory often returns referrals.
+        If you need to follow them set referrals to "follow".
+        Caution: if your DNS is not part of AD, the LDAP client lib might try
+        to resolve your domain name in DNS to find another LDAP server.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleBase</code></td><td>
+        <p>The base directory entry for performing role searches. If not
+        specified the top-level element in the directory context will be used.
+        If specified it may optionally include pattern replacements
+        "{0}".."{n}" corresponding to the name parts of the
+        user's distinguished name (as returned by
+        <code>javax.naming.Name.get()</code>).</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the attribute that contains role names in the
+        directory entries found by a role search. In addition you can
+        use the <code>userRoleName</code> property to specify the name
+        of an attribute, in the user's entry, containing additional
+        role names.</p>
+        <p>If <code>roleName</code> is not specified a role
+        search does not take place, and roles are taken only from the
+        user's entry.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleNested</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want to nest roles into roles.
+        When a role search is performed and the value of this property is
+        <code>true</code>, the search will be repeated recursively to find
+        all the roles that belong to the user either directly or indirectly.
+        If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleSearch</code></td><td>
+        <p>The LDAP filter expression used for performing role
+        searches.</p>
+
+        <p>Use <code>{0}</code> to substitute the distinguished name (DN)
+        of the user, and/or <code>{1}</code> to substitute the username,
+        and/or <code>{2}</code> for the value of an attribute from the
+        user's directory entry, of the authenticated user.
+        The name of the attribute that provides the value for <code>{2}</code>
+        is configured by the <code>userRoleAttribute</code> property.</p>
+
+        <p>When <code>roleNested</code> property is <code>true</code>,
+        this filter expression will be also used to recursively search for
+        other roles, which indirectly belong to this user. To find the
+        roles that match the newly found role, the following values
+        are used:
+        <code>{0}</code> is substituted by the distinguished name of the newly
+        found role, and both <code>{1}</code> and <code>{2}</code> are
+        substituted by the name of the role (see the <code>roleName</code>
+        property). The <code>userRoleAttribute</code> property is not
+        applicable to this search.</p>
+
+        <p>If this property is not specified, a role search does not take
+        place and roles are taken only from the attribute in the user's entry
+        specified by the <code>userRoleName</code> property.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleSearchAsUser</code></td><td>
+        <p> When searching for user roles, should the search be performed as the
+        user currently being authenticated? If false,
+        <code>connectionName</code> and <code>connectionPassword</code> will be
+        used if specified, else an anonymous. If not specified, the default
+        value of <code>false</code> is used. Note that when accessing the
+        directory using delegated credentials, this attribute is always ignored
+        and the search is performed using the delegated credentials.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleSubtree</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want to search the entire
+        subtree of the element specified by the <code>roleBase</code>
+        property for role entries associated with the user. The
+        default value of <code>false</code> causes only the top level
+        to be searched.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sizeLimit</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specifies the maximum number of records to return when using the
+        <code>userSearch</code> attribute. If not specified, the default of
+        <code>0</code> is used which indicates no limit.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">spnegoDelegationQop</code></td><td>
+        <p>When the JNDI Realm is used with the SPNEGO authenticator and
+        <code>useDelegatedCredential</code> is <code>true</code> this attribute
+        controls the QOP (Quality of Protection) that should be used for
+        the connection to the LDAP
+        server after authentication. This value is used to set the
+        <code>javax.security.sasl.qop</code> environment property for the LDAP
+        connection. This attribute should be a comma-separated list of values
+        selected from <code>auth-conf</code>, <code>auth-int</code> and
+        <code>auth</code>. See <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/javax/security/sasl/Sasl.html#QOP" rel="nofollow">Java documentation</a> for more details.</p>
+        <p>The default value is <code>auth-conf</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslProtocol</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specifies which ssl protocol should be used, when connecting with
+        StartTLS. The default is to let the jre decide. If you need even more
+        control, you can specify the <code>SSLSocketFactory</code> to use.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslSocketFactory</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specifies which <code>SSLSocketFactory</code> to use when connecting
+        to the ldap server using StartTLS. An instance of the class will be
+        constructed using the default constructor. If none class name is given
+        the default jre <code>SSLSocketFactory</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">stripRealmForGss</code></td><td>
+        <p>When processing users authenticated via the GSS-API, this attribute
+        controls if any "@..." is removed from the end of the user
+        name. If not specified, the default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">timeLimit</code></td><td>
+        <p>Specifies the time (in milliseconds) to wait for records to be
+        returned when using the <code>userSearch</code> attribute. If not
+        specified, the default of <code>0</code> is used which indicates no
+        limit.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useContextClassLoader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Instructs JNDIRealm to use the context class loader when opening the
+        connection for the JNDI provider. The default value is
+        <code>true</code>. To load classes using the container's classloader,
+        specify <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useDelegatedCredential</code></td><td>
+        <p>When the JNDIRealm is used with the SPNEGO authenticator, delegated
+        credentials for the user may be available. If such credentials are
+        present, this attribute controls whether or not they are used to
+        connect to the directory. If not specified, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userBase</code></td><td>
+        <p>The base element for user searches performed using the
+        <code>userSearch</code> expression.  Not used if you are using
+        the <code>userPattern</code> expression.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userPassword</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the attribute in the user's entry containing the
+        user's password.  If you specify this value, JNDIRealm will
+        bind to the directory using the values specified by
+        <code>connectionName</code> and
+        <code>connectionPassword</code> properties, and retrieve the
+        corresponding attribute for comparison to the value specified
+        by the user being authenticated.  If you do
+        <strong>not</strong> specify this value, JNDIRealm will
+        attempt a simple bind to the directory using the DN of the
+        user's entry and the password presented by the user, with a
+        successful bind being interpreted as an authenticated
+        user.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userPattern</code></td><td>
+        <p>Pattern for the distinguished name (DN) of the user's
+        directory entry, with <code>{0}</code> marking where the
+        actual username should be inserted. You can use this property
+        instead of <code>userSearch</code>, <code>userSubtree</code>
+        and <code>userBase</code> when the distinguished name contains
+        the username and is otherwise the same for all users. Note that
+        when accessing the directory using delegated credentials, this
+        attribute is always ignored and <code>userSearch</code>,
+        <code>userSubtree</code> and <code>userBase</code> are always
+        used instead.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userRoleName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of an attribute in the user's directory entry
+        containing zero or more values for the names of roles assigned
+        to this user.  In addition you can use the
+        <code>roleName</code> property to specify the name of an
+        attribute to be retrieved from individual role entries found
+        by searching the directory. If <code>userRoleName</code> is
+        not specified all the roles for a user derive from the role
+        search.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userRoleAttribute</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of an attribute in the user's directory entry
+        containing the value that you wish to use when you search for
+        roles. This is especially useful for RFC 2307 where
+        the role memberUid can be the <code>uid</code> or the
+        <code>uidNumber</code> of the user. This value will be
+        marked as <code>{2}</code> in your role search filter expression.
+        This value will NOT be available for nested role searches.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userSearch</code></td><td>
+        <p>The LDAP filter expression to use when searching for a
+        user's directory entry, with <code>{0}</code> marking where
+        the actual username should be inserted.  Use this property
+        (along with the <code>userBase</code> and
+        <code>userSubtree</code> properties) instead of
+        <code>userPattern</code> to search the directory for the
+        user's entry.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userSearchAsUser</code></td><td>
+        <p> When searching for a user's entry, should the search be performed as
+        the user currently being authenticated? If false,
+        <code>connectionName</code> and <code>connectionPassword</code> will be
+        used if specified, else an anonymous. If not specified, the default
+        value of <code>false</code> is used. Note that when accessing the
+        directory using delegated credentials, this attribute is always ignored
+        and the search is performed using the delegated credentials.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userSubtree</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want to search the entire
+        subtree of the element specified by the <code>userBase</code>
+        property for the user's entry. The default value of
+        <code>false</code> causes only the top level to be searched.
+        Not used if you are using the <code>userPattern</code>
+        expression.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useStartTls</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> if you want to use StartTLS for securing
+        the connection to the ldap server. The default value is <code>false</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">X509UsernameRetrieverClassName</code></td><td>
+        <p>When using X509 client certificates, this specifies the class name
+        that will be used to retrieve the user name from the certificate.
+        The class must implement the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.X509UsernameRetriever</code>
+        interface. The default is to use the certificate's SubjectDN
+        as the username.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="../realm-howto.html">Container-Managed Security Guide</a> for more
+    information on setting up container managed security using the
+    JNDI Directory Realm component.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="UserDatabase_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm">UserDatabase Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>UserDatabase Realm</strong> is a Realm implementation
+    that is based on a UserDatabase resource made available through the global
+    JNDI resources configured for this Tomcat instance.</p>
+
+    <p>The UserDatabase Realm implementation supports the following
+    additional attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allRolesMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls how the special role name <code>*</code> is
+        handled when processing authorization constraints in web.xml. By
+        default, the specification compliant value of <code>strict</code> is
+        used which means that the user must be assigned one of the roles defined
+        in web.xml. The alternative values are <code>authOnly</code> which means
+        that the user must be authenticated but no check is made for assigned
+        roles and <code>strictAuthOnly</code> which means that the user must be
+        authenticated and no check will be made for assigned roles unless roles
+        are defined in web.xml in which case the user must be assigned at least
+        one of those roles.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">localJndiResource</code></td><td>
+        <p>When the realm is nested inside a Context element, this allows the
+        realm to use a UserDatabase defined for the Context rather than a global
+        UserDatabase. If not specified, the default is <code>false</code>: use a
+        global UserDatabase.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">resourceName</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the global <code>UserDatabase</code> resource
+        that this realm will use for user, password and role information.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useStaticPrincipal</code></td><td>
+        <p>This allows using a static <code>Principal</code> instance
+        disconnected from the database if needed. This makes the behavior of
+        authenticated prinicipals equivalent to that of the other realms.
+        If there is a plan to use serialization, it is best to set this to
+        <code>true</code> as the principal will always be replaced by this
+        equivalent static principal when serializing.
+        If not specified, the default is <code>false</code>: use a
+        Principal connected to the UserDatabase.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">X509UsernameRetrieverClassName</code></td><td>
+        <p>When using X509 client certificates, this specifies the class name
+        that will be used to retrieve the user name from the certificate.
+        The class must implement the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.X509UsernameRetriever</code>
+        interface. The default is to use the certificate's SubjectDN
+        as the username.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>See the
+    <a href="../realm-howto.html">Container-Managed Security Guide</a> for more
+    information on setting up container managed security using the UserDatabase
+    Realm component and the
+    <a href="../jndi-resources-howto.html">JNDI resources how-to</a> for more
+    information on how to configure a UserDatabase resource.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Memory_Based_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm">Memory Based Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Memory Based Realm</strong> is a simple Realm implementation
+    that reads user information from an XML format, and represents it as a
+    collection of Java objects in memory.  This implementation is intended
+    solely to get up and running with container managed security - it is NOT
+    intended for production use.  As such, there are no mechanisms for
+    updating the in-memory collection of users when the content of the
+    underlying data file is changed.</p>
+
+    <p>The Memory Based Realm implementation supports the following
+    additional attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allRolesMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls how the special role name <code>*</code> is
+        handled when processing authorization constraints in web.xml. By
+        default, the specification compliant value of <code>strict</code> is
+        used which means that the user must be assigned one of the roles defined
+        in web.xml. The alternative values are <code>authOnly</code> which means
+        that the user must be authenticated but no check is made for assigned
+        roles and <code>strictAuthOnly</code> which means that the user must be
+        authenticated and no check will be made for assigned roles unless roles
+        are defined in web.xml in which case the user must be assigned at least
+        one of those roles.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pathname</code></td><td>
+        <p>URL, absolute path or relative path (to $CATALINA_BASE) for the XML
+        file containing our user information.  See below for details on the
+        XML element format required.  If no pathname is specified, the
+        default value is <code>conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">stripRealmForGss</code></td><td>
+        <p>When processing users authenticated via the GSS-API, this attribute
+        controls if any "@..." is removed from the end of the user
+        name. If not specified, the default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">X509UsernameRetrieverClassName</code></td><td>
+        <p>When using X509 client certificates, this specifies the class name
+        that will be used to retrieve the user name from the certificate.
+        The class must implement the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.X509UsernameRetriever</code>
+        interface. The default is to use the certificate's SubjectDN
+        as the username.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>The XML document referenced by the <code>pathname</code> attribute must
+    conform to the following requirements:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li>The root (outer) element must be <code>&lt;tomcat-users&gt;</code>.
+        </li>
+    <li>Each authorized user must be represented by a single XML element
+        <code>&lt;user&gt;</code>, nested inside the root element.</li>
+    <li>Each <code>&lt;user&gt;</code> element must have the following
+        attributes:
+        <ul>
+        <li><strong>username</strong> - Username of this user (must be unique
+            within this file).<br>
+            For compatibility, it is allowed to use <strong>name</strong> as an
+            alternative name for this attribute.</li>
+        <li><strong>password</strong> - Password of this user (in
+            clear text).</li>
+        <li><strong>roles</strong> - Comma-delimited list of the role names
+            assigned to this user.</li>
+        </ul></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="../realm-howto.html">Container-Managed Security Guide</a> for more
+    information on setting up container managed security using the
+    Memory Based Realm component.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JAAS_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm">JAAS Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p><strong>JAASRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+    <code>Realm</code> interface that authenticates users through the Java
+    Authentication &amp; Authorization Service (JAAS) framework which is now
+    provided as part of the standard J2SE API.</p>
+
+    <p>Using JAASRealm gives the developer the ability to combine practically
+    any conceivable security realm with Tomcat's CMA.</p>
+
+    <p>JAASRealm is prototype for Tomcat of the JAAS-based J2EE authentication
+    framework for J2EE v1.4, based on the <a href="https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=196">JCP Specification Request
+    196</a> to enhance container-managed security and promote 'pluggable'
+    authentication mechanisms whose implementations would be
+    container-independent.</p>
+
+    <p>Based on the JAAS login module and principal
+    (see <code>javax.security.auth.spi.LoginModule</code> and
+    <code>javax.security.Principal</code>), you can develop your own security
+    mechanism or wrap another third-party mechanism for integration with the CMA
+    as implemented by Tomcat.</p>
+
+    <p>The JAAS Realm implementation supports the following additional
+    attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allRolesMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls how the special role name <code>*</code> is
+        handled when processing authorization constraints in web.xml. By
+        default, the specification compliant value of <code>strict</code> is
+        used which means that the user must be assigned one of the roles defined
+        in web.xml. The alternative values are <code>authOnly</code> which means
+        that the user must be authenticated but no check is made for assigned
+        roles and <code>strictAuthOnly</code> which means that the user must be
+        authenticated and no check will be made for assigned roles unless roles
+        are defined in web.xml in which case the user must be assigned at least
+        one of those roles.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">appName</code></td><td>
+       <p>The name of the application as configured in your login configuration
+       file
+       (<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.4.2/docs/guide/security/jaas/tutorials/LoginConfigFile.html">JAAS LoginConfig</a>).</p>
+       <p>If not specified <code>appName</code> is derived from the Container's
+       name it is placed in, for example <code>Catalina</code> or <code>ROOT</code>.
+       If the realm is not placed in any Container, the default is <code>Tomcat</code>.
+       </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userClassNames</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>A comma-separated list of the names of the classes that you have made
+        for your user <code>Principals</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">configFile</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of a JAAS configuration file to use with this Realm. It will
+        be searched for using <code>ClassLoader#getResource(String)</code> so it
+        is possible for the configuration to be bundled within a web
+        application. If not specified, the default JVM global JAAS configuration
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleClassNames</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma-separated list of the names of the classes that you have made
+        for your role <code>Principals</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">stripRealmForGss</code></td><td>
+        <p>When processing users authenticated via the GSS-API, this attribute
+        controls if any "@..." is removed from the end of the user
+        name. If not specified, the default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useContextClassLoader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Instructs JAASRealm to use the context class loader for loading the
+        user-specified <code>LoginModule</code> class and associated
+        <code>Principal</code> classes. The default value is <code>true</code>,
+        which is backwards-compatible with the way Tomcat 5 works. To load
+        classes using the container's classloader, specify
+        <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">X509UsernameRetrieverClassName</code></td><td>
+        <p>When using X509 client certificates, this specifies the class name
+        that will be used to retrieve the user name from the certificate.
+        The class must implement the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.X509UsernameRetriever</code>
+        interface. The default is to use the certificate's SubjectDN
+        as the username.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="../realm-howto.html">Container-Managed Security
+    Guide</a> for more information on setting up container managed security
+    using the JAAS Realm component.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Combined_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.CombinedRealm">Combined Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.CombinedRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p><strong>CombinedRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+    <code>Realm</code> interface that authenticates users through one or more
+    sub-Realms.</p>
+
+    <p>Using CombinedRealm gives the developer the ability to combine multiple
+    Realms of the same or different types. This can be used to authenticate
+    against different sources, provide fall back in case one Realm fails or for
+    any other purpose that requires multiple Realms.</p>
+
+    <p>Sub-realms are defined by nesting <code>Realm</code> elements inside the
+    <code>Realm</code> element that defines the CombinedRealm. Authentication
+    will be attempted against each <code>Realm</code> in the order they are
+    listed. Authentication against any Realm will be sufficient to authenticate
+    the user. The authenticated user, and their associated roles, will be taken
+    from the first Realm that successfully authenticates the user.</p>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="../realm-howto.html">Container-Managed Security
+    Guide</a> for more information on setting up container managed security
+    using the CombinedRealm component.</p>
+
+    <p>The CombinedRealm implementation supports the following additional
+    attributes.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allRolesMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls how the special role name <code>*</code> is
+        handled when processing authorization constraints in web.xml. By
+        default, the specification compliant value of <code>strict</code> is
+        used which means that the user must be assigned one of the roles defined
+        in web.xml. The alternative values are <code>authOnly</code> which means
+        that the user must be authenticated but no check is made for assigned
+        roles and <code>strictAuthOnly</code> which means that the user must be
+        authenticated and no check will be made for assigned roles unless roles
+        are defined in web.xml in which case the user must be assigned at least
+        one of those roles.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="LockOut_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">LockOut Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p><strong>LockOutRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+    <code>Realm</code> interface that extends the CombinedRealm to provide lock
+    out functionality to provide a user lock out mechanism if there are too many
+    failed authentication attempts in a given period of time.</p>
+
+    <p>To ensure correct operation, there is a reasonable degree of
+    synchronization in this Realm.</p>
+
+    <p>This Realm does not require modification to the underlying Realms or the
+    associated user storage mechanisms. It achieves this by recording all failed
+    logins, including those for users that do not exist. To prevent a DOS by
+    deliberating making requests with invalid users (and hence causing this
+    cache to grow) the size of the list of users that have failed authentication
+    is limited.</p>
+
+    <p>Sub-realms are defined by nesting <code>Realm</code> elements inside the
+    <code>Realm</code> element that defines the LockOutRealm. Authentication
+    will be attempted against each <code>Realm</code> in the order they are
+    listed. Authentication against any Realm will be sufficient to authenticate
+    the user.</p>
+
+    <p>The LockOutRealm implementation supports the following additional
+    attributes.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allRolesMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls how the special role name <code>*</code> is
+        handled when processing authorization constraints in web.xml. By
+        default, the specification compliant value of <code>strict</code> is
+        used which means that the user must be assigned one of the roles defined
+        in web.xml. The alternative values are <code>authOnly</code> which means
+        that the user must be authenticated but no check is made for assigned
+        roles and <code>strictAuthOnly</code> which means that the user must be
+        authenticated and no check will be made for assigned roles unless roles
+        are defined in web.xml in which case the user must be assigned at least
+        one of those roles.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cacheRemovalWarningTime</code></td><td>
+       <p>If a failed user is removed from the cache because the cache is too
+       big before it has been in the cache for at least this period of time (in
+       seconds) a warning message will be logged. Defaults to 3600 (1 hour).</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cacheSize</code></td><td>
+       <p>Number of users that have failed authentication to keep in cache. Over
+       time the cache will grow to this size and may not shrink. Defaults to
+       1000.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">failureCount</code></td><td>
+       <p>The number of times in a row a user has to fail authentication to be
+       locked out. Defaults to 5.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">lockOutTime</code></td><td>
+       <p>The time (in seconds) a user is locked out for after too many
+       authentication failures. Defaults to 300 (5 minutes). Further
+       authentication failures during the lock out time will cause the lock out
+       timer to reset to zero, effectively extending the lock out time. Valid
+       authentication attempts during the lock out period will not succeed but
+       will also not reset the lock out time.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="../realm-howto.html">Container-Managed Security
+    Guide</a> for more information on setting up container managed security
+    using the LockOutRealm component.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Null_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.NullRealm">Null Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.NullRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p><strong>NullRealm</strong> is a minimal implementation of the Tomcat
+    <code>Realm</code> interface that always returns null when an attempt is
+    made to validate a user name and associated credentials. It is intended to
+    be used as a default Realm implementation when no other Realm is
+    specified.</p>
+
+    <p>The NullRealm implementation supports the following additional
+    attributes.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Authenticated_User_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.AuthenticatedUserRealm">Authenticated User Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.AuthenticatedUserRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p><strong>AuthenticatedUserRealm</strong> is intended for use with
+    Authenticator implementations (SSLAuthenticator, SpnegoAuthenticator) that
+    authenticate the user as well as obtain the user credentials. An
+    authenticated Principal is always created from the user name presented to
+    without further validation.</p>
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> It is unsafe to use this Realm with Authenticator
+    implementations that do not validate the provided credentials.</p>
+
+    <p>The AuthenticatedUserRealm implementation supports the following
+    additional attributes.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JDBC_Database_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm">JDBC Database Realm - org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p><strong>The JDBC Database Realm has been deprecated and will be removed
+    in Tomcat 10 onwards. Use the DataSourceRealm instead.</strong></p>
+
+    <p>The <strong>JDBC Database Realm</strong> connects Tomcat to
+    a relational database, accessed through an appropriate JDBC driver,
+    to perform lookups of usernames, passwords, and their associated
+    roles.  Because the lookup is done each time that it is required,
+    changes to the database will be immediately reflected in the
+    information used to authenticate new logins.</p>
+
+    <p>Note: The <strong>JDBC Database Realm</strong> uses a single connection
+    to the database with synchronisation to prevenbt concurrent usage. It is not
+    recommended for production usage. Use the DataSource Realm instaead.</p>
+
+    <p>A rich set of additional attributes lets you configure the required
+    connection to the underlying database, as well as the table and
+    column names used to retrieve the required information:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allRolesMode</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute controls how the special role name <code>*</code> is
+        handled when processing authorization constraints in web.xml. By
+        default, the specification compliant value of <code>strict</code> is
+        used which means that the user must be assigned one of the roles defined
+        in web.xml. The alternative values are <code>authOnly</code> which means
+        that the user must be authenticated but no check is made for assigned
+        roles and <code>strictAuthOnly</code> which means that the user must be
+        authenticated and no check will be made for assigned roles unless roles
+        are defined in web.xml in which case the user must be assigned at least
+        one of those roles.</p>
+        <p>When this attribute has the value of <code>authOnly</code> or
+        <code>strictAuthOnly</code>, the <strong>roleNameCol</strong> and
+        <strong>userRoleTable</strong> attributes become optional. If those two
+        attributes are omitted, the user's roles will not be loaded by this
+        Realm.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">connectionName</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The database username to use when establishing the JDBC
+        connection.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">connectionPassword</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The database password to use when establishing the JDBC
+        connection.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">connectionURL</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The connection URL to be passed to the JDBC driver when
+        establishing a database connection.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">driverName</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Fully qualified Java class name of the JDBC driver to be
+        used to connect to the authentication database.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleNameCol</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "user roles" table, which contains
+        a role name assigned to the corresponding user.</p>
+        <p>This attribute is <strong>required</strong> in majority of
+        configurations. See <strong>allRolesMode</strong> attribute for
+        a rare case when it can be omitted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">stripRealmForGss</code></td><td>
+        <p>When processing users authenticated via the GSS-API, this attribute
+        controls if any "@..." is removed from the end of the user
+        name. If not specified, the default is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">transportGuaranteeRedirectStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>The HTTP status code to use when the container needs to issue an HTTP
+           redirect to meet the requirements of a configured transport
+           guarantee. The provided status code is not validated. If not
+           specified, the default value of <code>302</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userCredCol</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "users" table, which contains
+        the user's credentials (i.e. password).  If a
+        <code>CredentialHandler</code> is specified, this component
+        will assume that the passwords have been encoded with the
+        specified algorithm.  Otherwise, they will be assumed to be
+        in clear text.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userNameCol</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "users" and "user roles" table,
+        that contains the user's username.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userRoleTable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "user roles" table, which must contain columns
+        named by the <code>userNameCol</code> and <code>roleNameCol</code>
+        attributes.</p>
+        <p>This attribute is <strong>required</strong> in majority of
+        configurations. See <strong>allRolesMode</strong> attribute for
+        a rare case when it can be omitted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userTable</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "users" table, which must contain columns named
+        by the <code>userNameCol</code> and <code>userCredCol</code>
+        attributes.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">X509UsernameRetrieverClassName</code></td><td>
+        <p>When using X509 client certificates, this specifies the class name
+        that will be used to retrieve the user name from the certificate.
+        The class must implement the
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.X509UsernameRetriever</code>
+        interface. The default is to use the certificate's SubjectDN
+        as the username.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="../realm-howto.html">Container-Managed Security Guide</a> for more
+    information on setting up container managed security using the
+    JDBC Database Realm component.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>You can nest the following components by nesting the corresponding element
+  inside your <strong>Realm</strong> element:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li><strong>CombinedRealm Implementation</strong> - If you are using the
+    <em>CombinedRealm Implementation</em> or a Realm
+    that extends the CombinedRealm, e.g. the LockOutRealm, one or more
+    <strong>&lt;Realm&gt;</strong> elements may be nested inside it.</li>
+  <li><a href="credentialhandler.html"><strong>CredentialHandler</strong></a> -
+      You may nest at most one instance of this element inside a Realm. This
+      configures the credential handler that will be used to validate provided
+      credentials with those stored by the Realm. If not specified a default
+      <em>MessageDigestCredentialHandler</em> will be configured.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>See <a href="host.html">Single Sign On</a> for information about
+  configuring Single Sign On support for a virtual host.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Resources Component</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Resources Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>Resources</strong> element represents all the resources
+  available to the web application. This includes classes, JAR files, HTML, JSPs
+  and any other files that contribute to the web application. Implementations
+  are provided to use directories, JAR files and WARs as the source of these
+  resources and the resources implementation may be extended to provide support
+  for files stored in other forms such as in a database or a versioned
+  repository.</p>
+
+  <p>Resources are cached by default.</p>
+
+  <p><strong>Note: Running a webapp with non-filesystem based
+  Resources implementations is only possible when the webapp does not
+  rely on direct filesystem access to its own resources, and uses the methods
+  in the ServletContext interface to access them.</strong></p>
+
+  <p>A Resources element MAY be nested inside a
+  <a href="context.html">Context</a> component.  If it is not included,
+  a default filesystem based Resources will be created automatically,
+  which is sufficient for most requirements.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>Resources</strong> support the following
+    attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowLinking</code></td><td>
+        <p>If the value of this flag is <code>true</code>, symlinks will be
+        allowed inside the web application, pointing to resources inside or
+        outside the web application base path. If not specified, the default
+        value of the flag is <code>false</code>.</p>
+        <p><b>NOTE: This flag MUST NOT be set to true on the Windows platform
+        (or any other OS which does not have a case sensitive filesystem),
+        as it will disable case sensitivity checks, allowing JSP source code
+        disclosure, among other security problems.</b></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cacheMaxSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>The maximum size of the static resource cache in kilobytes.
+        If not specified, the default value is <code>10240</code>
+        (10 megabytes). This value may be changed while the web application is
+        running (e.g. via JMX). If the cache is using more memory than the new
+        limit the cache will attempt to reduce in size over time to meet the
+        new limit. If necessary, <strong>cacheObjectMaxSize</strong> will be
+        reduced to ensure that it is no larger than
+        <code>cacheMaxSize/20</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cacheObjectMaxSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>Maximum size of the static resource that will be placed in the cache.
+        If not specified, the default value is <code>512</code>
+        (512 kilobytes). If this value is greater than
+        <code>cacheMaxSize/20</code> it will be reduced to
+        <code>cacheMaxSize/20</code>. This value may be changed while the web
+        application is running (e.g. via JMX).</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cacheTtl</code></td><td>
+        <p>The amount of time in milliseconds between the revalidation of cache
+        entries. If not specified, the default value is <code>5000</code> (5
+        seconds). This value may be changed while the web application is running
+        (e.g. via JMX). When a resource is cached it will inherit the TTL in
+        force at the time it was cached and retain that TTL until the resource
+        is evicted from the cache regardless of any subsequent changes that may
+        be made to this attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cachingAllowed</code></td><td>
+        <p>If the value of this flag is <code>true</code>, the cache for static
+        resources will be used. If not specified, the default value
+        of the flag is <code>true</code>. This value may be changed while the
+        web application is running (e.g. via JMX). When the cache is disabled
+        any resources currently in the cache are cleared from the cache.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.WebResourceRoot</code>
+        interface. If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">trackLockedFiles</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls whether the track locked files feature is enabled. If
+        enabled, all calls to methods that return objects that lock a file and
+        need to be closed to release that lock (e.g.
+        <code>ServletContext.getResourceAsStream()</code>) will perform a number
+        of additional tasks.</p>
+        <ul>
+          <li>The stack trace at the point where the method was called will be
+          recorded and associated with the returned object.</li>
+          <li>The returned object will be wrapped so that the point where
+          close() (or equivalent) is called to release the resources can be
+          detected. Tracking of the object will cease once the resources have
+          been released.</li>
+          <li>All remaining locked resources on web application shutdown will be
+          logged and then closed.</li>
+        </ul>
+        <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">archiveIndexStrategy</code></td><td>
+        <p>If this is <code>simple</code> then a hash map will be used for
+        JAR archive lookups, unless useBloomFilterForArchives in
+        <a href="context.html">Context</a> is explicitly defined.</p>
+        <p>If this is <code>bloom</code> then a bloom filter will be used to
+        speed up archive lookups. This can be beneficial to the deployment
+        speed to web applications that contain very large amount of JARs.</p>
+        <p>If this is <code>purged</code> then a bloom filter will be used to
+        speed up archive lookups, but can be purged at runtime. It is recommended
+        to use <code>bloom</code> to avoid reinitializing the bloom filters.</p>
+        <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>simple</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <h3>Standard Root Implementation</h3>
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Resources</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot</strong>. It does not
+    support any additional attributes.</p>
+
+    <h3>Extracting Root Implementation</h3>
+
+    <p>The extracting implementation of <strong>Resources</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.webresources.ExtractingRoot</strong>. It does not
+    support any additional attributes.</p>
+
+    <p>When deploying web applications as packed WAR files, the extracting root
+    will extract any JAR files from <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> to a
+    <code>application-jars</code> directory located in the web
+    application's working directory. These extracted JARs will be removed
+    when the web application stops.</p>
+
+    <p>Extracting JAR files from a packed WAR may provide a performance
+    improvement, particularly at web application start when JAR scanning is
+    required by the application.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>A web application's main resources are defined by the
+  <strong>docBase</strong> defined for the <a href="context.html">Context</a>.
+  Additional configuration settings and/or resources may be made available to
+  the web application by defining one or more nested components.</p>
+
+  <h3>PreResources</h3>
+
+  <p>PreResources are searched before the main resources. They will be searched
+  in the order they are defined. To configure PreResources, nest a
+  &lt;PreResources&gt; element inside the &lt;Resources&gt; element with the
+  following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">base</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>Identifies where the resources to be used are located. This attribute
+      is required by the <code>org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet</code>
+      implementations provided by Tomcat and should specify the absolute path to
+      the file, directory or JAR where the resources are located. Custom
+      implementations may not require it.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must
+      implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet</code> interface.
+      Tomcat provides three standard implementations:
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.webresources.DirResourceSet</code>,
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.webresources.FileResourceSet</code> and
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet</code>. Custom
+      implementations may also be used.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">internalPath</code></td><td>
+      <p>Identifies the path within the <strong>base</strong> where the
+      resources are to be found. This is typically only used with JAR files when
+      the resources are not located at the root of the JAR as is the case with
+      resource JARs. This attribute is required by the
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet</code> implementations provided
+      by Tomcat and must start with '/'. Custom implementations may not require
+      it. If not specified, the default value '/' will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">readOnly</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, resources within this resource set may not be
+      deleted, created or modified. For instance of
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet</code>, this
+      attribute is hard-coded to <code>true</code> and may not be changed. For
+      instances of <code>org.apache.catalina.webresources.DirResourceSet</code>
+      and <code>org.apache.catalina.webresources.FileResourceSet</code> the
+      default value of this attribute is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">webAppMount</code></td><td>
+      <p>Identifies the path within the web application that these resources
+      will be made available. For the
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet</code> implementations provided
+      by Tomcat, this attribute is required and must start with '/'. Custom
+      implementations may not require it. If not specified, the default value of
+      '/' will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  <h3>JAR resources</h3>
+
+  <p>JarResources are searched after the main resources but before the
+  PostResources. They will be searched in the order they are defined. To
+  configure JarResources, nest a &lt;JarResources&gt; element inside the
+  &lt;Resources&gt; element. The configuration attributes are the same as for
+  <strong>PreResources</strong>.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>During web application start, the JAR scanning process checks scanned JARs
+  for content under <code>/META-INF/resources</code>. Where found, this static
+  content is added to the JarResources.
+  </p>
+
+  <h3>Post-resources</h3>
+
+  <p>PostResources are searched after the resource JARs. They will be searched
+  in the order they are defined. To configure PostResources, nest a
+  &lt;PostResources&gt; element inside the &lt;Resources&gt; element. The
+  configuration attributes are the same as for <strong>PreResources</strong>.
+  </p>
+
+  <h3>Ordering</h3>
+
+  <p>In addition to the sets of resources described above, the standard
+  implementation also maintains ClassResources which represent the classes
+  contained in the JAR files mapped to <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code>. This
+  allows other components to search for classes with a single call rather than
+  one call to search <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> followed by another to search
+  the JARs in <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code>. The ClassResources are populated
+  from the JARs mapped to <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> when the web application
+  starts.</p>
+
+  <p>Therefore, the complete search order is:</p>
+  <ul>
+    <li>PreResources</li>
+    <li>MainResources</li>
+    <li>ClassResources</li>
+    <li>JarResources</li>
+    <li>PostResources</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>The population of ClassResources and JarResources at web application start
+  means that care needs to be taken to add JAR based resources correctly to
+  obtain the desired behaviour. Consider the following example:</p>
+
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resources&gt;
+  &lt;PostResources base="D:\Projects\external\classes"
+                 className="org.apache.catalina.webresources.DirResourceSet"
+                 webAppMount="/WEB-INF/classes"/&gt;
+  &lt;PostResources base="D:\Projects\lib\library1.jar"
+                 className="org.apache.catalina.webresources.FileResourceSet"
+                 webAppMount="/WEB-INF/lib/library1.jar"/&gt;
+&lt;/Resources&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>Since both resources are PostResources, it might be expected that
+  <code>D:\Projects\external\classes</code> will be searched for classes before
+  <code>D:\Projects\lib\library1.jar</code>. However, by adding the JAR using a
+  <code>FileResourceSet</code>, the JAR is mapped to <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code>
+  and will be processed at application start along with the other JARs in
+  <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code>. The classes from the JAR file will be added to the
+  ClassResources which means they will be searched before the classes from
+  <code>D:\Projects\external\classes</code>. If the desired behaviour is that
+  <code>D:\Projects\external\classes</code> is searched before
+  <code>D:\Projects\lib\library1.jar</code> then a slightly different
+  configuration is required:</p>
+
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resources&gt;
+  &lt;PostResources base="D:\Projects\external\classes"
+                 className="org.apache.catalina.webresources.DirResourceSet"
+                 webAppMount="/WEB-INF/classes"/&gt;
+  &lt;PostResources base="D:\Projects\lib\library1.jar"
+                 className="org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet"
+                 webAppMount="/WEB-INF/classes"/&gt;
+&lt;/Resources&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>In short, the JAR file should be added as a <code>JarResourceSet</code>
+  mapped to <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> rather than using a
+  <code>FileResourceSet</code> mapped to <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code>.
+  </p>
+
+  <h3>Cache Strategy</h3>
+
+  <p>Additional control over the caching of static resources can be obtained by
+     configuring a custom cache strategy. To configure a custom cache strategy,
+     nest a &lt;CacheStrategy&gt; element inside the &lt;Resources&gt; element
+     with the following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This class must implement
+      the <code>org.apache.catalina.WebResourceRoot$CacheStrategy</code>
+      interface.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>No special features are associated with a <strong>Resources</strong>
+  element.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/server.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/server.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14d7c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/server.html
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Server Component</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Server Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>A <strong>Server</strong> element represents the entire Catalina
+  servlet container.  Therefore, it must be the single outermost element
+  in the <code>conf/server.xml</code> configuration file.  Its attributes
+  represent the characteristics of the servlet container as a whole.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>All implementations of <strong>Server</strong>
+  support the following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+      <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+      implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Server</code> interface.
+      If no class name is specified, the standard implementation will
+      be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">address</code></td><td>
+      <p>The TCP/IP address on which this server waits for a shutdown
+      command. If no address is specified, <code>localhost</code> is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">port</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The TCP/IP port number on which this server waits for a shutdown
+      command. Set to <code>-1</code> to disable the shutdown port.</p>
+      <p>Note: Disabling the shutdown port works well when Tomcat is started
+      using <a href="https://commons.apache.org/daemon/">Apache Commons Daemon</a>
+      (running as a service on Windows or with jsvc on un*xes). It cannot be
+      used when running Tomcat with the standard shell scripts though, as it
+      will prevent shutdown.bat|.sh and catalina.bat|.sh from stopping it
+      gracefully.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">portOffset</code></td><td>
+      <p>The offset to apply to <code>port</code> and to the ports of any
+      nested connectors. It must be a non-negative integer. If not specified,
+      the default value of <code>0</code> is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">shutdown</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The command string that must be received via a TCP/IP connection
+      to the specified port number, in order to shut down Tomcat.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">utilityThreads</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of threads this <strong>Service</strong> will use for
+      various utility tasks, including recurring ones. The special value
+      of 0 will result in the value of
+      <code>Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()</code> being
+      used. Negative values will result in
+      <code>Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() + value</code> being
+      used unless this is less than 1 in which case 1 thread will be used.
+      The default value is 1.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Server</strong> is
+  <strong>org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer</strong>.
+  It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
+  common attributes listed above):</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">utilityThreadsAsDaemon</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set the daemon flag value for the utility threads. The default value
+      is <code>false</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">periodicEventDelay</code></td><td>
+      <p>This value represents the delay in seconds between periodic
+      lifecycle event invocation of the lifecycle listeners configured on this
+      Server. The value is in seconds, and a negative or zero value will
+      disable the invocations. If not specified, the default value for this
+      attribute is 10 seconds.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The following components may be nested inside a <strong>Server</strong>
+  element:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li><a href="service.html"><strong>Service</strong></a> -
+      One or more service element.</li>
+  <li><a href="globalresources.html"><strong>GlobalNamingResources</strong></a> -
+      Configure the JNDI global resources for the server.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>There are no special features associated with a <strong>Server</strong>.
+  </p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/service.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/service.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ab189f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/service.html
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Service Component</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Service Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Nested_Components">Nested Components</a></li><li><a href="#Special_Features">Special Features</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>A <strong>Service</strong> element represents the combination of one or
+  more <strong>Connector</strong> components that share a single
+  <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> component for processing incoming
+  requests.  One or more <strong>Service</strong> elements may be nested
+  inside a <a href="server.html">Server</a> element.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>All implementations of <strong>Service</strong>
+  support the following attributes:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+      <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+      implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.Service</code> interface.
+      If no class name is specified, the standard implementation will
+      be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">name</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>The display name of this <strong>Service</strong>, which will
+      be included in log messages if you utilize standard Catalina
+      components.  The name of each <strong>Service</strong> that is
+      associated with a particular <a href="server.html">Server</a>
+      must be unique.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The standard implementation of <strong>Service</strong> is
+  <strong>org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService</strong>.
+  It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the
+  common attributes listed above):</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">gracefulStopAwaitMillis</code></td><td>
+      <p>The time to wait, in milliseconds, when stopping the Service for the
+      client connections to finish processing and close before the Service's
+      container hierarchy is stopped. The wait only applies to Connectors
+      configured with a <code>bindOnInit</code> value of <code>false</code>
+      which is not the default. Any value of zero or less means there will be no
+      wait. If not specified, the default value of zero will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Nested_Components">Nested Components</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The only components that may be nested inside a <strong>Service</strong>
+  element are one or more <strong>Connector</strong> elements,
+  followed by exactly one <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> element.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Special_Features">Special Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>There are no special features associated with a <strong>Service</strong>.
+  </p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/sessionidgenerator.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/sessionidgenerator.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15633b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/config/sessionidgenerator.html
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The SessionIdGenerator Component</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The SessionIdGenerator Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>SessionIdGenerator</strong> element represents the <em>session
+  id generator</em> that will be used to create session ids used by
+  web application HTTP sessions.</p>
+
+  <p>A SessionIdGenerator element MAY be nested inside a
+  <a href="manager.html">Manager</a> component.  If it is not included,
+  a default SessionIdGenerator configuration will be created automatically, which
+  is sufficient for most requirements, &mdash; see
+  <em>Standard SessionIdGenerator Implementation</em> below for the details
+  of this configuration.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>All implementations of <strong>SessionIdGenerator</strong>
+    support the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">className</code></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This class must
+        implement the <code>org.apache.catalina.SessionIdGenerator</code> interface.
+        If not specified, the standard value (defined below) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jvmRoute</code></td><td>
+        <p>A routing identifier for this Tomcat instance. It will be added
+        to the session id to allow for stateless stickiness routing by
+        load balancers. The details on how the <code>jvmRoute</code>
+        will be included in the id are implementation dependent.
+        See <a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a>
+        for the default behavior.</p>
+
+        <p><strong>NOTE</strong> - The value for this property is inherited
+        automatically from the <code>jvmRoute</code> attribute of the
+        <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> element.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionIdLength</code></td><td>
+        <p>The length of session ids created by this SessionIdGenerator.
+        The details on how the <code>sessionIdLength</code>
+        influences the session id length are implementation dependent.
+        See <a href="#Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</a>
+        for the default behavior.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Implementation">Standard Implementation</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Tomcat provides a standard implementations of <strong>SessionIdGenerator</strong>
+    for use.</p>
+
+    <h3>Standard SessionIdGenerator Implementation</h3>
+
+    <p>The standard implementation of <strong>SessionIdGenerator</strong> is
+    <strong>org.apache.catalina.util.StandardSessionIdGenerator</strong>.
+    It supports the following attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jvmRoute</code></td><td>
+        <p>A routing identifier for this Tomcat instance. It will be added
+        to the end of the session id separated by a ".".</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionIdLength</code></td><td>
+        <p>The length of session ids created by this SessionIdGenerator.
+        More precisely the session id length is twice the value of
+        <code>sessionIdLength</code> plus the length of the trailing
+        <code>jvmRoute</code> if given. The factor 2 is because
+        the session id is constructed using <code>sessionIdLength</code>
+        random bytes, each byte being encoded in two hex characters
+        in the actual id. The default value is 16.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - System Properties</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>System Properties</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Property_replacements">Property replacements</a></li><li><a href="#Clustering">Clustering</a></li><li><a href="#Expression_Language">Expression Language</a></li><li><a href="#Jasper">Jasper</a></li><li><a href="#Security">Security</a></li><li><a href="#Specifications">Specifications</a></li><li><a href="#Sessions">Sessions</a></li><li><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li><li><a href="#JAR_Scanning">JAR Scanning</a></li><li><a href="#Websockets">Websockets</a></li><li><a href="#Other">Other</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>The following sections list the system properties that may be set to modify
+  the default Tomcat behaviour.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Property_replacements">Property replacements</h3><div class="text">
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat.util.digester. PROPERTY_SOURCE</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this to a comma separated list of fully qualified name of classes
+         that implement
+         <code>org.apache.tomcat.util.IntrospectionUtils.PropertySource</code>.
+         Required to have a public constructor with no arguments.</p>
+      <p>Use this to add a property source, that will be invoked when
+         <code>${parameter:-default-value}</code> denoted parameters (with
+         optional default values) are found in the XML files that Tomcat
+         parses.</p>
+      <p>Property replacement from the specified property source on the JVM
+         system properties can also be done using the
+         <code>REPLACE_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES</code> system property.</p>
+      <p><code>org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.ServiceBindingPropertySource</code>
+        can be used to replace parameters from any Kubernetes service bindings
+        that follows the <a href="https://servicebinding.io/">servicebinding.io</a> spec</p>
+      <p><code>org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.EnvironmentPropertySource</code>
+         can be used to replace parameters from the process' environment
+         variables, e.g. injected ConfigMaps or Secret objects in container
+         based systems like OpenShift or Kubernetes.</p>
+      <p><code>org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.SystemPropertySource</code>
+         does replacement with system properties. It is always enabled,
+         but can also be specified as part of the property value.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat.util.digester. REPLACE_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES</code></td><td>
+      <p>Set this boolean system property to <code>true</code> to cause
+         property replacement from the digester property source on the JVM
+         system properties.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Clustering">Clustering</h3><div class="text">
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina. tribes.dns_lookups</code></td><td>
+      <p>This system property is deprecated and will be removed without
+      replacement in Apache Tomcat 10 onwards.</p>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, the clustering module will attempt to use DNS to
+      resolve any host names provided in the cluster configuration.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Expression_Language">Expression Language</h3><div class="text">
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.el. GET_CLASSLOADER_USE_PRIVILEGED</code></td><td>
+      <p>Controls whether the EL API classes make use of a privileged block to
+      obtain the thread context class loader. When using the EL API within
+      Apache Tomcat this does not need to be set as all calls are already
+      wrapped in a privileged block further up the stack. It may be required if
+      using the EL API under a SecurityManager outside of Apache Tomcat.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.el.BeanELResolver. CACHE_SIZE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of javax.el.BeanELResolver.BeanProperties objects that will
+      be cached by the EL Parser.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default of <code>1000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.el.ExpressionBuilder. CACHE_SIZE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of parsed EL expressions that will be cached by the EL
+      Parser.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default of <code>5000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.el.parser. COERCE_TO_ZERO</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, when coercing <code>null</code>s to objects of
+      type Number, Character or Boolean the result will be <code>0</code> for
+      Number and Character types and <code>false</code> for Boolean as required
+      by the EL 2.2 and earlier specifications. If this property is
+      <code>false</code> the result of the coercion will be <code>null</code> as
+      required by the EL 3.0 specification.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.el.parser. SKIP_IDENTIFIER_CHECK</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, when parsing expressions, identifiers will not be
+      checked to ensure that they conform to the Java Language Specification for
+      Java identifiers.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+</div><h3 id="Jasper">Jasper</h3><div class="text">
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.compiler. Generator.POOL_TAGS_WITH_EXTENDS</code></td><td>
+      <p>By default, JSPs that use their own base class via the extends
+      attribute of the page directive, will have Tag pooling disabled since
+      Jasper cannot guarantee that the necessary initialisation will have taken
+      place. This can have a negative impact on performance. Providing the
+      alternative base class calls _jspInit() from Servlet.init(), setting  this
+      property to <code>true</code> will enable pooling with an alternative base
+      class. If the alternative base class does not call _jspInit() and this
+      property is <code>true</code>, NPEs will occur when attempting to use
+      tags.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.compiler. Generator.STRICT_GET_PROPERTY</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, the requirement to have the object referenced in
+      <code>jsp:getProperty</code> action to be previously "introduced"
+      to the JSP processor, as specified in the chapter JSP.5.3 of JSP 2.0 and
+      later specifications, is enforced.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the specification compliant default of
+      <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.compiler. Generator.VAR_EXPRESSIONFACTORY</code></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the variable to use for the expression language expression
+      factory.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>_el_expressionfactory</code>
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.compiler. Generator.VAR_INSTANCEMANAGER</code></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the variable to use for the instance manager factory.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>_jsp_instancemanager</code>
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.compiler. Parser.STRICT_WHITESPACE</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>false</code> the requirements for whitespace before an
+      attribute name will be relaxed so that the lack of whitespace will not
+      cause an error.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the specification compliant default of
+      <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.runtime. BodyContentImpl.BUFFER_SIZE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The size (in characters) to use when creating a tag buffer.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of
+      <code>org.apache.jasper.Constants.DEFAULT_TAG_BUFFER_SIZE</code> (512)
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.runtime. BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, any tag buffer that expands beyond
+      <code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.BUFFER_SIZE</code> will be
+      destroyed and a new buffer created.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.runtime. JspFactoryImpl.USE_POOL</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, a ThreadLocal <code>PageContext</code> pool will
+      be used.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.runtime. JspFactoryImpl.POOL_SIZE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The size of the ThreadLocal <code>PageContext</code>.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>8</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. JSP_SERVLET_BASE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The base class of the Servlets generated from the JSPs.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of
+      <code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. SERVICE_METHOD_NAME</code></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the service method called by the base class.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>_jspService</code>
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. SERVLET_CLASSPATH</code></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the ServletContext attribute that provides the classpath
+      for the JSP.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.jsp_classpath</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. JSP_FILE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the request attribute for <code>&lt;jsp-file&gt;</code>
+      element of a servlet definition. If present on a request, this overrides
+      the value returned by <code>request.getServletPath()</code> to select the
+      JSP page to be executed.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.jsp_file</code> will be used.</p>
+      <p><strong>Deprecated:</strong> This will be removed in Tomcat 9.0.x
+      onwards. It is replaced by the use of the jspFile servlet initialisation
+      parameter</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. PRECOMPILE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The name of the query parameter that causes the JSP engine to just
+      pregenerate the servlet but not invoke it.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>jsp_precompile</code>
+      will be used, as defined by JSP specification (JSP.11.4.2).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. JSP_PACKAGE_NAME</code></td><td>
+      <p>The default package name for compiled JSPs.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>org.apache.jsp</code>
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. TAG_FILE_PACKAGE_NAME</code></td><td>
+      <p>The default package name for tag handlers generated from tag files.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>org.apache.jsp.tag</code>
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. ALT_DD_ATTR</code></td><td>
+      <p>The servlet context attribute under which the alternate deployment
+      descriptor for this web application is stored.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of
+      <code>org.apache.catalina.deploy.alt_dd</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. TEMP_VARIABLE_NAME_PREFIX</code></td><td>
+      <p>Prefix to use for generated temporary variable names.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>_jspx_temp</code>
+      will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.jasper.Constants. USE_INSTANCE_MANAGER_FOR_TAGS</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, the instance manager is used to obtain tag
+      handler instances.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.connector. RECYCLE_FACADES</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code> or if a security manager is in use a new
+      facade object will be created for each request.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.connector. CoyoteAdapter.ALLOW_BACKSLASH</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code> the '\' character will be permitted as a
+      path delimiter.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat.util.buf. UDecoder.ALLOW_ENCODED_SLASH</code></td><td>
+      <p>Use of this system property is deprecated. It will be removed from
+      Tomcat 10 onwards.</p>
+      <p>If this system property is set to <code>true</code>, the default for
+      the <code>encodedSolidusHandling</code> attribute of all Connectors will
+      be changed from <code>reject</code> to <code>decode</code>. If decoded, it
+      will be treated a path delimiter.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Specifications">Specifications</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina. STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The default value of this system property is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code> the default values will be changed for:</p>
+      <ul>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.core.<br>ApplicationContext.GET_RESOURCE_REQUIRE_SLASH</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.core.<br>ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.core.<br>StandardHostValve.ACCESS_SESSION</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.session.<br>StandardSession.ACTIVITY_CHECK</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.session.<br>StandardSession.LAST_ACCESS_AT_START</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.util.http.<br>ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING</code></li>
+      <li>The <code>resourceOnlyServlets</code> attribute of any
+          <a href="context.html">Context</a> element.</li>
+      <li>The <code>tldValidation</code> attribute of any
+          <a href="context.html">Context</a> element.</li>
+      <li>The <code>useRelativeRedirects</code> attribute of any
+          <a href="context.html">Context</a> element.</li>
+      <li>The <code>xmlNamespaceAware</code> attribute of any
+          <a href="context.html">Context</a> element.</li>
+      <li>The <code>xmlValidation</code> attribute of any
+          <a href="context.html">Context</a> element.</li>
+      </ul>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.connector. Response.ENFORCE_ENCODING_IN_GET_WRITER</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code> then
+      a call to <code>Response.getWriter()</code> if no character encoding
+      has been specified will result in subsequent calls to
+      <code>Response.getCharacterEncoding()</code> returning
+      <code>ISO-8859-1</code> and the <code>Content-Type</code> response header
+      will include a <code>charset=ISO-8859-1</code> component. (SRV.15.2.22.1)</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default specification compliant value of
+      <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext .GET_RESOURCE_REQUIRE_SLASH</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code> then the path passed to
+      <code>ServletContext.getResource()</code> or
+      <code>ServletContext.getResourceAsStream()</code> must start with
+      "/". If <code>false</code>, code like
+      <code>getResource("myfolder/myresource.txt")</code> will work as Tomcat
+      will prepend "/" to the provided path.</p>
+      <p>If <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code> is set to
+      <code>true</code>, the default of this setting will be <code>true</code>,
+      else the default value will be <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.core. ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code> then any wrapped request or response
+      object passed to an application dispatcher will be checked to ensure that
+      it has wrapped the original request or response.</p>
+      <p>If <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code> is set to
+      <code>true</code>, the default of this setting will be <code>true</code>,
+      else the default value will be <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat.websocket. STRICT_SPEC_COMPLIANCE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The default value of this system property is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code> the default values will be changed for:</p>
+      <ul>
+        <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server#isEnforceNoAddAfterHandshake</code>
+        (default changes from <code>false</code> to <code>true</code>)</li>
+      </ul>
+      <p>This system property is deprecated and will be removed in Tomcat
+      10.1.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat.util.http. ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING</code></td><td>
+      <p> If this is <code>true</code> then the requirements of the Servlet specification
+      that Cookie names must adhere to RFC2109 will be enforced. If this is
+      <code>false</code> the naming rules specified in RFC6265 (allow the leading "$")
+      will be used.</p>
+      <p>If <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code> is set to
+      <code>true</code>, the default of this setting will be <code>true</code>,
+      else the default value will be <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Sessions">Sessions</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.authenticator.                     Constants.SSO_SESSION_COOKIE_NAME</code></td><td>
+      <p>An alternative name for the single sign on session cookie. Defaults to
+      <code>JSESSIONIDSSO</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.core. StandardHostValve.ACCESS_SESSION</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code>, every request that is associated with a
+      session will cause the session's last accessed time to be updated
+      regardless of whether or not the request explicitly accesses the session.</p>
+      <p>If <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code> is set to
+      <code>true</code>, the default of this setting will be <code>true</code>,
+      else the default value will be <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.session. StandardSession.ACTIVITY_CHECK</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code>, Tomcat will track the number of active
+      requests for each session. When determining if a session is valid, any
+      session with at least one active request will always be considered valid.</p>
+      <p>If <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code> is set to
+      <code>true</code>, the default of this setting will be <code>true</code>,
+      else the default value will be <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.session. StandardSession.LAST_ACCESS_AT_START</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>true</code>, the last accessed time for sessions will
+      be calculated from the beginning of the previous request. If
+      <code>false</code>, the last accessed time for sessions will be calculated
+      from the end of the previous request. This also affects how the idle time
+      is calculated.</p>
+      <p>If <code>org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE</code> is set to
+      <code>true</code>, the default of this setting will be <code>true</code>,
+      else the default value will be <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Logging">Logging</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.juli.formatter</code></td><td>
+      <p>If no logging configuration file is specified and no logging configuration class is specified
+         using the <code>java.util.logging.config.class</code> and <code>java.util.logging.config.file</code>
+         properties the default logging framework <code>org.apache.juli</code> will use the default
+         <code>java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter</code> for all console output.
+         To simply override the console output formatter, one can use the described property. Example:
+         <code>-Dorg.apache.juli.formatter=org.apache.juli.OneLineFormatter</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.juli. AsyncMaxRecordCount</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum number of log records that the JULI AsyncFileHandler will queue in memory.
+         New records are added to the queue and get asynchronously removed from the queue
+         and written to the files by a single writer thread.
+         When the queue is full and a new record is being logged
+         the log record will be handled based on the <code>org.apache.juli.AsyncOverflowDropType</code> setting.</p>
+      <p>The default value is <code>10000</code> records.
+         This number represents the global number of records, not on a per handler basis.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.juli. AsyncOverflowDropType</code></td><td>
+      <p>When the queue of log records of the JULI AsyncFileHandler is full,
+         new log records are handled according to the following setting:
+      </p>
+         <ul>
+           <li><code>1</code> - the newest record in the queue will be dropped and not logged</li>
+           <li><code>2</code> - the oldest record in the queue will be dropped and not logged</li>
+           <li><code>3</code> - suspend the logging thread until older records got written to the log file and the queue is no longer full.
+                                This is the only setting that ensures that no messages get lost.</li>
+           <li><code>4</code> - drop the current log record</li>
+         </ul>
+      <p>The default value is <code>1</code> (drop the newest record in the queue).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.juli.logging. UserDataHelper.CONFIG</code></td><td>
+      <p>The type of logging to use for errors generated by invalid input data.
+         The options are: <code>DEBUG_ALL</code>, <code>INFO_THEN_DEBUG</code>,
+         <code>INFO_ALL</code> and <code>NONE</code>. When
+         <code>INFO_THEN_DEBUG</code> is used, the period for which errors are
+         logged at DEBUG rather than INFO is controlled by the system property
+         <code>org.apache.juli.logging.UserDataHelper.SUPPRESSION_TIME</code>.
+         </p>
+      <p>The default value is <code>INFO_THEN_DEBUG</code>.</p>
+      <p>The errors currently logged using this system are:</p>
+         <ul>
+         <li>invalid cookies;</li>
+         <li>invalid parameters;</li>
+         <li>too many headers, too many parameters (hitting
+           <code>maxHeaderCount</code> or <code>maxParameterCount</code> limits
+           of a <a href="http.html">connector</a>).</li>
+         <li>invalid host names</li>
+         <li>HTTP/2 stream closures</li>
+         </ul>
+         <p>Other errors triggered by invalid input data may be added to this
+         system in later versions.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.juli.logging. UserDataHelper.SUPPRESSION_TIME</code></td><td>
+      <p>When using <code>INFO_THEN_DEBUG</code> for
+         <code>org.apache.juli.logging.UserDataHelper.CONFIG</code> this system
+         property controls how long messages are logged at DEBUG after a message
+         has been logged at INFO. Once this period has elapsed, the next message
+         will be logged at INFO followed by a new suppression period where
+         messages are logged at DEBUG and so on. The value is measured
+         in seconds.</p>
+      <p>A value of <code>0</code> is equivalent to using <code>INFO_ALL</code>
+         for <code>org.apache.juli.logging.UserDataHelper.CONFIG</code>.</p>
+      <p>A negative value means an infinite suppression period.</p>
+      <p>The default value is <code>86400</code> (24 hours).</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="JAR_Scanning">JAR Scanning</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">tomcat.util.scan. StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToSkip</code></td><td>
+      <p>A list of comma-separated file name patterns that is used as the default
+         value for <code>pluggabilitySkip</code> and <code>tldSkip</code>
+         attributes of the standard
+         <a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a> implementation.</p>
+      <p>The coded default is empty, however the system property is set in
+         a default Tomcat installation via the
+         <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.properties</code> file.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">tomcat.util.scan. StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToScan</code></td><td>
+      <p>A list of comma-separated file name patterns that is used as the default
+         value for <code>pluggabilityScan</code> and <code>tldScan</code>
+         attributes of the standard
+         <a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a> implementation.</p>
+      <p>The coded default is empty, however the system property is set in
+         a default Tomcat installation via the
+         <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.properties</code> file.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Websockets">Websockets</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat. websocket.ALLOW_UNSUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, allow unknown extensions to be declared by
+      the user.</p>
+      <p>The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat. websocket.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The default size for buffers used in the Websockets container.</p>
+      <p>The default value is <code>8192</code> which corresponds to 8KB.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat. websocket.DEFAULT_ORIGIN_HEADER_VALUE</code></td><td>
+      <p>Default value of the origin header that will be sent by the client
+         during the upgrade handshake.</p>
+      <p>The default is null so that no origin header is sent.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat. websocket.DEFAULT_PROCESS_PERIOD</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of periodic ticks between periodic processing which
+         involves in particular session expiration checks.</p>
+      <p>The default value is <code>10</code> which corresponds to 10
+         seconds.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat. websocket.DISABLE_BUILTIN_EXTENSIONS</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, disable all built-in extensions provided by the
+         server, such as message compression.</p>
+      <p>The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">catalina.useNaming</code></td><td>
+      <p>If this is <code>false</code> it will override the
+      <code>useNaming</code> attribute for all <a href="context.html">
+      Context</a> elements.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">javax.sql.DataSource.Factory</code></td><td>
+      <p>The class name of the factory to use to create resources of type
+      <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code>. If not specified the default of
+      <code>org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory</code> is used
+      which is a package renamed (to avoid conflicts) copy of
+      <a href="https://commons.apache.org/dbcp">Apache Commons DBCP 2</a>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">javax.mail.Session.Factory</code></td><td>
+      <p>The class name of the factory to use to create resources of type
+      <code>javax.mail.Session</code>. If not specified the default of
+      <code>org.apache.naming.factory.MailSessionFactory</code> is used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">jvmRoute</code></td><td>
+      <p>Deprecated. Use the <code>jvmRoute</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> element. This will be removed in Tomcat
+      10.1.</p>
+      <p>Provides a default value for the <code>jvmRoute</code> attribute of the
+      <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> element. It does not override the value
+      configured on the <a href="engine.html">Engine</a> element.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">catalina.config</code></td><td>
+      <p>The location from which to load the catalina.properties configuration
+      file. This may be an absolute URL, a relative (to the current working
+      directory) URL or an alternative file name in which case Tomcat will
+      attempt to load the file from the default location of
+      <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.byte.enabled</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, the String cache is enabled for
+      <code>ByteChunk</code>.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.char.enabled</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, the String cache is enabled for
+      <code>CharChunk</code>.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.trainThreshold</code></td><td>
+      <p>The number of times <code>toString()</code> must be called before the
+      cache is activated.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>20000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.cacheSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The size of the String cache.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>200</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.UriUtil. WAR_SEPARATOR</code></td><td>
+      <p>The character to use to separate the WAR file and WAR content parts of
+      a WAR URL using the custom WAR scheme provided by Tomcat. This is
+      equivalent to how <code>!</code> is used in JAR URLs.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>*</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">tomcat.util.buf.StringCache.maxStringSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>The maximum length of String that will be cached.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>128</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat.util. http.FastHttpDateFormat.CACHE_SIZE</code></td><td>
+      <p>The size of the cache to use parsed and formatted date value.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>1000</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.tomcat.util. net.NioSelectorShared</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, use a shared selector for servlet write/read.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.startup. EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE</code></td><td>
+      <p>If <code>true</code>, the server will exit if an exception happens
+      during the server initialization phase. To support this feature, this
+      system property is used as the default for the
+      <strong>throwOnFailure</strong> attribute of a Connector.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code> will be
+      used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.startup. RealmRuleSet.MAX_NESTED_REALM_LEVELS</code></td><td>
+      <p>The CombinedRealm allows nested Realms. This property controls the
+      maximum permitted number of levels of nesting.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>3</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">org.apache.catalina.startup. CredentialHandlerRuleSet.MAX_NESTED_LEVELS</code></td><td>
+      <p>The NestedCredentialHandler allows nested CredentialHandlers. This
+      property controls the maximum permitted number of levels of nesting.</p>
+      <p>If not specified, the default value of <code>3</code> will be used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,2292 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference (9.0.75) - The Valve Component</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9 Configuration Reference</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Config Ref. Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Top Level Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="server.html">Server</a></li><li><a href="service.html">Service</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Executors</h2><ul><li><a href="executor.html">Executor</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Connectors</h2><ul><li><a href="http.html">HTTP/1.1</a></li><li><a href="http2.html">HTTP/2</a></li><li><a href="ajp.html">AJP</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Containers</h2><ul><li><a href="context.html">Context</a></li><li><a href="engine.html">Engine</a></li><li><a href="host.html">Host</a></li><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Nested Components</h2><ul><li><a href="cookie-processor.html">CookieProcessor</a></li><li><a href="credentialhandler.html">CredentialHandler</a></li><li><a href="globalresources.html">Global Resources</a></li><li><a href="jar-scanner.html">JarScanner</a></li><li><a href="jar-scan-filter.html">JarScanFilter</a></li><li><a href="listeners.html">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="loader.html">Loader</a></li><li><a href="manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm.html">Realm</a></li><li><a href="resources.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a></li><li><a href="valve.html">Valve</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Cluster Elements</h2><ul><li><a href="cluster.html">Cluster</a></li><li><a href="cluster-manager.html">Manager</a></li><li><a href="cluster-channel.html">Channel</a></li><li><a href="cluster-membership.html">Channel/Membership</a></li><li><a href="cluster-sender.html">Channel/Sender</a></li><li><a href="cluster-receiver.html">Channel/Receiver</a></li><li><a href="cluster-interceptor.html">Channel/Interceptor</a></li><li><a href="cluster-valve.html">Valve</a></li><li><a href="cluster-deployer.html">Deployer</a></li><li><a href="cluster-listener.html">ClusterListener</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>web.xml</h2><ul><li><a href="filter.html">Filter</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Other</h2><ul><li><a href="systemprops.html">System properties</a></li><li><a href="jaspic.html">JASPIC</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Valve Component</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Access_Logging">Access Logging</a><ol><li><a href="#Access_Log_Valve">Access Log Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Access_Log_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Access_Log_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Extended_Access_Log_Valve">Extended Access Log Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Extended_Access_Log_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Extended_Access_Log_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#JSON_Access_Log_Valve">JSON Access Log Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#JSON_Access_Log_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#JSON_Access_Log_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Access_Control">Access Control</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Valve">Remote Address Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Valve/Example_localhost">Example 1</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Valve/Example_localhost_port">Example 2</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Address_Valve/Example_port_auth">Example 3</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Remote_Host_Valve">Remote Host Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_Host_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_Host_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Valve">Remote CIDR Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Valve/Example_localhost">Example 1</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Valve/Example_localhost_port">Example 2</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_CIDR_Valve/Example_port_auth">Example 3</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Proxies_Support">Proxies Support</a><ol><li><a href="#Load_Balancer_Draining_Valve">Load Balancer Draining Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Load_Balancer_Draining_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Load_Balancer_Draining_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Remote_IP_Valve">Remote IP Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Remote_IP_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Remote_IP_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#SSL_Valve">SSL Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#SSL_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Single_Sign_On_Valve">Single Sign On Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Single_Sign_On_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Single_Sign_On_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Authentication">Authentication</a><ol><li><a href="#Basic_Authenticator_Valve">Basic Authenticator Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Basic_Authenticator_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Basic_Authenticator_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Digest_Authenticator_Valve">Digest Authenticator Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Digest_Authenticator_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Digest_Authenticator_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Form_Authenticator_Valve">Form Authenticator Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Form_Authenticator_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Form_Authenticator_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#SSL_Authenticator_Valve">SSL Authenticator Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#SSL_Authenticator_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_Authenticator_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#SPNEGO_Valve">SPNEGO Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#SPNEGO_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#SPNEGO_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Error_Report_Valve">Error Report Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Error_Report_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Error_Report_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Json_Error_Report_Valve">Json Error Report Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Json_Error_Report_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Json_Error_Report_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Proxy_Error_Report_Valve">Proxy Error Report Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Proxy_Error_Report_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Proxy_Error_Report_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Crawler_Session_Manager_Valve">Crawler Session Manager Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Crawler_Session_Manager_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Crawler_Session_Manager_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Stuck_Thread_Detection_Valve">Stuck Thread Detection Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Stuck_Thread_Detection_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Stuck_Thread_Detection_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Semaphore_Valve">Semaphore Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Semaphore_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Semaphore_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Health_Check_Valve">Health Check Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Health_Check_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Health_Check_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Persistent_Valve">Persistent Valve</a><ol><li><a href="#Persistent_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Persistent_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>A <strong>Valve</strong> element represents a component that will be
+  inserted into the request processing pipeline for the associated
+  Catalina container (<a href="engine.html">Engine</a>,
+  <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or <a href="context.html">Context</a>).
+  Individual Valves have distinct processing capabilities, and are
+  described individually below.</p>
+
+    <p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Access_Logging">Access Logging</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Access logging is performed by valves that implement
+<strong>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog</strong> interface.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Access_Log_Valve">Access Log Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Access_Log_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Access Log Valve</strong> creates log files in the
+    same format as those created by standard web servers.  These logs
+    can later be analyzed by standard log analysis tools to track page
+    hit counts, user session activity, and so on.  This <code>Valve</code>
+    uses self-contained logic to write its log files, which can be
+    automatically rolled over at midnight each day.  (The essential
+    requirement for access logging is to handle a large continuous
+    stream of data with low overhead. This <code>Valve</code> does not
+    use Apache Commons Logging, thus avoiding additional overhead and
+    potentially complex configuration).</p>
+
+    <p>This <code>Valve</code> may be associated with any Catalina container
+    (<code>Context</code>, <code>Host</code>, or <code>Engine</code>), and
+    will record ALL requests processed by that container.</p>
+
+    <p>Some requests may be handled by Tomcat before they are passed to a
+    container. These include redirects from /foo to /foo/ and the rejection of
+    invalid requests. Where Tomcat can identify the <code>Context</code> that
+    would have handled the request, the request/response will be logged in the
+    <code>AccessLog</code>(s) associated <code>Context</code>, <code>Host</code>
+    and <code>Engine</code>. Where Tomcat cannot identify the
+    <code>Context</code> that would have handled the request, e.g. in cases
+    where the URL is invalid, Tomcat will look first in the <code>Engine</code>,
+    then the default <code>Host</code> for the <code>Engine</code> and finally
+    the ROOT (or default) <code>Context</code> for the default <code>Host</code>
+    for an <code>AccessLog</code> implementation. Tomcat will use the first
+    <code>AccessLog</code> implementation found to log those requests that are
+    rejected before they are passed to a container.</p>
+
+    <p>The output file will be placed in the directory given by the
+    <code>directory</code> attribute. The name of the file is composed
+    by concatenation of the configured <code>prefix</code>, timestamp and
+    <code>suffix</code>. The format of the timestamp in the file name can be
+    set using the <code>fileDateFormat</code> attribute. This timestamp will
+    be omitted if the file rotation is switched off by setting
+    <code>rotatable</code> to <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>Warning:</strong> If multiple AccessLogValve instances
+    are used, they should be configured to use different output files.</p>
+
+    <p>If sendfile is used, the response bytes will be written asynchronously
+    in a separate thread and the access log valve will not know how many bytes
+    were actually written. In this case, the number of bytes that was passed to
+    the sendfile thread for writing will be recorded in the access log valve.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Access_Log_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Access Log Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">buffered</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to determine if logging will be buffered.
+           If set to <code>false</code>, then access logging will be written after each
+           request. Default value: <code>true</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve</strong> to use the
+        default access log valve.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">condition</code></td><td>
+        <p>The same as <code>conditionUnless</code>. This attribute is
+           provided for backwards compatibility.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">conditionIf</code></td><td>
+        <p>Turns on conditional logging. If set, requests will be
+           logged only if <code>ServletRequest.getAttribute()</code> is
+           not null. For example, if this value is set to
+           <code>important</code>, then a particular request will only be logged
+           if <code>ServletRequest.getAttribute("important") != null</code>.
+           The use of Filters is an easy way to set/unset the attribute
+           in the ServletRequest on many different requests.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">conditionUnless</code></td><td>
+        <p>Turns on conditional logging. If set, requests will be
+           logged only if <code>ServletRequest.getAttribute()</code> is
+           null. For example, if this value is set to
+           <code>junk</code>, then a particular request will only be logged
+           if <code>ServletRequest.getAttribute("junk") == null</code>.
+           The use of Filters is an easy way to set/unset the attribute
+           in the ServletRequest on many different requests.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">directory</code></td><td>
+        <p>Absolute or relative pathname of a directory in which log files
+        created by this valve will be placed.  If a relative path is
+        specified, it is interpreted as relative to $CATALINA_BASE.  If
+        no directory attribute is specified, the default value is "logs"
+        (relative to $CATALINA_BASE).</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">encoding</code></td><td>
+        <p>Character set used to write the log file. An empty string means
+        to use the default character set. Default value: UTF-8.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">fileDateFormat</code></td><td>
+        <p>Allows a customized timestamp in the access log file name.
+           The file is rotated whenever the formatted timestamp changes.
+           The default value is <code>.yyyy-MM-dd</code>.
+           If you wish to rotate every hour, then set this value
+           to <code>.yyyy-MM-dd.HH</code>.
+           The date format will always be localized
+           using the locale <code>en_US</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ipv6Canonical</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to determine if IPv6 addresses should be represented in canonical
+           representation format as defined by RFC 5952. If set to <code>true</code>,
+           then IPv6 addresses will be written in canonical format (e.g.
+           <code>2001:db8::1:0:0:1</code>, <code>::1</code>), otherwise it will be
+           represented in full form (e.g. <code>2001:db8:0:0:1:0:0:1</code>,
+           <code>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</code>). Default value: <code>false</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">locale</code></td><td>
+        <p>The locale used to format timestamps in the access log
+           lines. Any timestamps configured using an
+           explicit SimpleDateFormat pattern (<code>%{xxx}t</code>)
+           are formatted in this locale. By default the
+           default locale of the Java process is used. Switching the
+           locale after the AccessLogValve is initialized is not supported.
+           Any timestamps using the common log format
+           (<code>CLF</code>) are always formatted in the locale
+           <code>en_US</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxDays</code></td><td>
+        <p>The maximum number of days rotated access logs will be retained for
+           before being deleted. If not specified, the default value of
+           <code>-1</code> will be used which means never delete old files.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxLogMessageBufferSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>Log message buffers are usually recycled and re-used. To prevent
+           excessive memory usage, if a buffer grows beyond this size it will be
+           discarded. The default is <code>256</code> characters. This should be
+           set to larger than the typical access log message size.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pattern</code></td><td>
+        <p>A formatting layout identifying the various information fields
+        from the request and response to be logged, or the word
+        <code>common</code> or <code>combined</code> to select a
+        standard format.  See below for more information on configuring
+        this attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">prefix</code></td><td>
+        <p>The prefix added to the start of each log file's name.  If not
+        specified, the default value is "access_log".</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">renameOnRotate</code></td><td>
+        <p>By default for a rotatable log the active access log file name
+           will contain the current timestamp in <code>fileDateFormat</code>.
+           During rotation the file is closed and a new file with the next
+           timestamp in the name is created and used. When setting
+           <code>renameOnRotate</code> to <code>true</code>, the timestamp
+           is no longer part of the active log file name. Only during rotation
+           the file is closed and then renamed to include the timestamp.
+           This is similar to the behavior of most log frameworks when
+           doing time based rotation.
+           Default value: <code>false</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">requestAttributesEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> to check for the existence of request
+        attributes (typically set by the RemoteIpValve and similar) that should
+        be used to override the values returned by the request for remote
+        address, remote host, server port and protocol. If the attributes are
+        not set, or this attribute is set to <code>false</code> then the values
+        from the request will be used. If not set, the default value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">resolveHosts</code></td><td>
+        <p>This attribute is no longer supported. Use the connector
+        attribute <code>enableLookups</code> instead.</p>
+        <p>If you have <code>enableLookups</code> on the connector set to
+        <code>true</code> and want to ignore it, use <b>%a</b> instead of
+        <b>%h</b> in the value of <code>pattern</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rotatable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to determine if log rotation should occur.
+           If set to <code>false</code>, then this file is never rotated and
+           <code>fileDateFormat</code> is ignored.
+           Default value: <code>true</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">suffix</code></td><td>
+        <p>The suffix added to the end of each log file's name.  If not
+        specified, the default value is "" (a zero-length string),
+        meaning that no suffix will be added.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>Values for the <code>pattern</code> attribute are made up of literal
+    text strings, combined with pattern identifiers prefixed by the "%"
+    character to cause replacement by the corresponding variable value from
+    the current request and response.  The following pattern codes are
+    supported:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>%a</code></b> - Remote IP address.
+        See also <code>%{xxx}a</code> below.</li>
+    <li><b><code>%A</code></b> - Local IP address</li>
+    <li><b><code>%b</code></b> - Bytes sent, excluding HTTP headers, or '-' if zero</li>
+    <li><b><code>%B</code></b> - Bytes sent, excluding HTTP headers</li>
+    <li><b><code>%D</code></b> - Time taken to process the request in millis. Note: In
+        httpd %D is microseconds. Behaviour will be aligned to httpd
+        in Tomcat 10 onwards.</li>
+    <li><b><code>%F</code></b> - Time taken to commit the response, in milliseconds</li>
+    <li><b><code>%h</code></b> - Remote host name (or IP address if
+        <code>enableLookups</code> for the connector is false)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%H</code></b> - Request protocol</li>
+    <li><b><code>%I</code></b> - Current request thread name (can compare later with stacktraces)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%l</code></b> - Remote logical username from identd (always returns
+        '-')</li>
+    <li><b><code>%m</code></b> - Request method (GET, POST, etc.)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%p</code></b> - Local port on which this request was received.
+        See also <code>%{xxx}p</code> below.</li>
+    <li><b><code>%q</code></b> - Query string (prepended with a '?' if it exists)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%r</code></b> - First line of the request (method and request URI)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%s</code></b> - HTTP status code of the response</li>
+    <li><b><code>%S</code></b> - User session ID</li>
+    <li><b><code>%t</code></b> - Date and time, in Common Log Format</li>
+    <li><b><code>%T</code></b> - Time taken to process the request, in seconds. Note: This
+        value has millisecond resolution whereas in httpd it has
+        second resolution. Behaviour will be align to httpd
+        in Tomcat 10 onwards.</li>
+    <li><b><code>%u</code></b> - Remote user that was authenticated (if any), else '-' (escaped if required)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%U</code></b> - Requested URL path</li>
+    <li><b><code>%v</code></b> - Local server name</li>
+    <li><b><code>%X</code></b> - Connection status when response is completed:
+      <ul>
+        <li><code>X</code> = Connection aborted before the response completed.</li>
+        <li><code>+</code> = Connection may be kept alive after the response is sent.</li>
+        <li><code>-</code> = Connection will be closed after the response is sent.</li>
+      </ul>
+    </li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+    There is also support to write information incoming or outgoing
+    headers, cookies, session or request attributes and special
+    timestamp formats.
+    It is modeled after the
+    <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/">Apache HTTP Server</a> log configuration
+    syntax. Each of them can be used multiple times with different <code>xxx</code> keys:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>%{xxx}a</code></b> write remote address (client) (<code>xxx==remote</code>) or
+        connection peer address (<code>xxx=peer</code>)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%{xxx}i</code></b> write value of incoming header with name <code>xxx</code> (escaped if required)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%{xxx}o</code></b> write value of outgoing header with name <code>xxx</code> (escaped if required)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%{xxx}c</code></b> write value of cookie(s) with name <code>xxx</code> (comma separated and escaped if required)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%{xxx}r</code></b> write value of ServletRequest attribute with name <code>xxx</code> (escaped if required, value <code>??</code> if request is null)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%{xxx}s</code></b> write value of HttpSession attribute with name <code>xxx</code> (escaped if required, value <code>??</code> if request is null)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%{xxx}p</code></b> write local (server) port (<code>xxx==local</code>) or
+        remote (client) port (<code>xxx=remote</code>)</li>
+    <li><b><code>%{xxx}t</code></b> write timestamp at the end of the request formatted using the
+        enhanced SimpleDateFormat pattern <code>xxx</code></li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>All formats supported by SimpleDateFormat are allowed in <code>%{xxx}t</code>.
+    In addition the following extensions have been added:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>sec</code></b> - number of seconds since the epoch</li>
+    <li><b><code>msec</code></b> - number of milliseconds since the epoch</li>
+    <li><b><code>msec_frac</code></b> - millisecond fraction</li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>These formats cannot be mixed with SimpleDateFormat formats in the same format
+    token.</p>
+
+    <p>Furthermore one can define whether to log the timestamp for the request start
+    time or the response finish time:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>begin</code></b> or prefix <b><code>begin:</code></b> chooses
+    the request start time</li>
+    <li><b><code>end</code></b> or prefix <b><code>end:</code></b> chooses
+    the response finish time</li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>By adding multiple <code>%{xxx}t</code> tokens to the pattern, one can
+    also log both timestamps.</p>
+
+    <p>Escaping is applied as follows:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><code>"</code> is escaped as <code>\"</code></li>
+    <li><code>\</code> is escaped as <code>\\</code></li>
+    <li>Standard C escaping are used for <code>\f</code>, <code>\n</code>,
+        <code>\r</code> and <code>\t</code></li>
+    <li>Any other control characters or characters with code points above 127
+        are encoded using the standard Java unicode escaping
+        (<code>\uXXXX</code>)</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>The shorthand pattern <code>pattern="common"</code>
+    corresponds to the Common Log Format defined by
+    <strong>'%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b'</strong>.</p>
+
+    <p>The shorthand pattern <code>pattern="combined"</code>
+    appends the values of the <code>Referer</code> and <code>User-Agent</code>
+    headers, each in double quotes, to the <code>common</code> pattern.</p>
+
+    <p>Fields using unknown pattern identifiers will be logged as <code>???X???</code>
+    where <code>X</code> is the unknown identifier. Fields with unknown pattern identifier
+    plus <code>{xxx}</code> key will be logged as <code>???</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>When Tomcat is operating behind a reverse proxy, the client information
+    logged by the Access Log Valve may represent the reverse proxy, the browser
+    or some combination of the two depending on the configuration of Tomcat and
+    the reverse proxy. For Tomcat configuration options see
+    <a href="#Proxies_Support">Proxies Support</a> and the
+    <a href="../proxy-howto.html">Proxy How-To</a>. For reverse proxies that
+    use mod_jk, see the <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/generic_howto/proxy.html">generic
+    proxy</a> documentation. For other reverse proxies, consult their
+    documentation.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Extended_Access_Log_Valve">Extended Access Log Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Extended_Access_Log_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Extended Access Log Valve</strong> extends the
+    <a href="#Access_Log_Valve">Access Log Valve</a> class, and so
+    uses the same self-contained logging logic.  This means it
+    implements many of the same file handling attributes.  The main
+    difference to the standard <code>AccessLogValve</code> is that
+    <code>ExtendedAccessLogValve</code> creates log files which
+    conform to the Working Draft for the
+    <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WD-logfile.html">Extended Log File Format</a>
+    defined by the W3C.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Extended_Access_Log_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Extended Access Log Valve</strong> supports all
+    configuration attributes of the standard
+    <a href="#Access_Log_Valve">Access Log Valve.</a> Only the
+    values used for <code>className</code> and <code>pattern</code> differ.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.ExtendedAccessLogValve</strong> to
+        use the extended access log valve.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">pattern</code></td><td>
+        <p>A formatting layout identifying the various information fields
+        from the request and response to be logged.
+        See below for more information on configuring this attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>Values for the <code>pattern</code> attribute are made up of
+    format tokens. Some of the tokens need an additional prefix. Possible
+    prefixes are <code>c</code> for "client", <code>s</code> for "server",
+    <code>cs</code> for "client to server", <code>sc</code> for
+    "server to client" or <code>x</code> for "application specific".
+    Furthermore some tokens are completed by an additional selector.
+    See the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WD-logfile.html">W3C specification</a>
+    for more information about the format.</p>
+
+    <p>The following format tokens are supported:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><b>bytes</b> - Bytes sent, excluding HTTP headers, or '-' if zero</li>
+    <li><b>c-dns</b> - Remote host name (or IP address if
+        <code>enableLookups</code> for the connector is false)</li>
+    <li><b>c-ip</b> - Remote IP address</li>
+    <li><b>cs-method</b> - Request method (GET, POST, etc.)</li>
+    <li><b>cs-uri</b> - Request URI</li>
+    <li><b>cs-uri-query</b> - Query string (prepended with a '?' if it exists)</li>
+    <li><b>cs-uri-stem</b> - Requested URL path</li>
+    <li><b>date</b> - The date in yyyy-mm-dd format for GMT</li>
+    <li><b>s-dns</b> - Local host name</li>
+    <li><b>s-ip</b> - Local IP address</li>
+    <li><b>sc-status</b> - HTTP status code of the response</li>
+    <li><b>time</b> - Time the request was served in HH:mm:ss format for GMT</li>
+    <li><b>time-taken</b> - Time (in seconds as floating point) taken to serve the request</li>
+    <li><b>x-threadname</b> - Current request thread name (can compare later with stacktraces)</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>For any of the <code>x-H(XXX)</code> the following method will be called from the
+    HttpServletRequest object:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(authType)</code></b>: getAuthType </li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(characterEncoding)</code></b>: getCharacterEncoding </li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(contentLength)</code></b>: getContentLength </li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(locale)</code></b>:  getLocale</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(protocol)</code></b>: getProtocol </li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(remoteUser)</code></b>:  getRemoteUser</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(requestedSessionId)</code></b>: getRequestedSessionId</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(requestedSessionIdFromCookie)</code></b>:
+                     isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie </li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(requestedSessionIdValid)</code></b>:
+                     isRequestedSessionIdValid</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(scheme)</code></b>:  getScheme</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-H(secure)</code></b>:  isSecure</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+    There is also support to write information about headers
+    cookies, context, request or session attributes and request
+    parameters.
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>cs(XXX)</code></b> for incoming request headers with name XXX</li>
+    <li><b><code>sc(XXX)</code></b> for outgoing response headers with name XXX</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-A(XXX)</code></b> for the servlet context attribute with name XXX</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-C(XXX)</code></b> for the cookie(s) with name XXX (comma separated if required)</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-O(XXX)</code></b> for a concatenation of all outgoing response headers with name XXX</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-P(XXX)</code></b> for the URL encoded (using UTF-8) request parameter with name XXX</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-R(XXX)</code></b> for the request attribute with name XXX</li>
+    <li><b><code>x-S(XXX)</code></b> for the session attribute with name XXX</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JSON_Access_Log_Valve">JSON Access Log Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JSON_Access_Log_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>JSON Access Log Valve</strong> extends the
+    <a href="#Access_Log_Valve">Access Log Valve</a>, and so
+    uses the same self-contained logging logic.  This means it
+    implements the same file handling attributes.  The main
+    difference to the standard <code>AccessLogValve</code> is that
+    <code>JsonAccessLogValve</code> creates log files which
+    follow the JSON syntax as defined by
+    <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8259.html">RFC 8259</a>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JSON_Access_Log_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>JSON Access Log Valve</strong> supports all
+    configuration attributes of the standard
+    <a href="#Access_Log_Valve">Access Log Valve.</a> Only the
+    values used for <code>className</code> differ.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.JsonAccessLogValve</strong> to
+        use the extended access log valve.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <p>While the patterns supported are the same as for the regular
+    <a href="#Access_Log_Valve">Access Log Valve</a>,
+    there are a few differences:
+    <ul>
+    <li>requests are logged as JSON objects.</li>
+    <li>each supported "%X" single character pattern
+        identifier results in a key value pair in this object.
+        See below for the list of keys used for the respective pattern
+        identifiers.</li>
+    <li>each pattern identifiers using a subkey of the form <code>%{xxx}X</code>
+        where "X" is one of "a", "p" or "t"
+        results in a key value pair of the form "key-xxx".
+        See below for the list of keys used for the respective pattern
+        identifiers.</li>
+    <li>each pattern identifiers using a subkey of the form <code>%{xxx}X</code>
+        where "X" is one of "c", "i", "o", "r" or "s"
+        results in a sub object. See below for the key pointing at this
+        sub object. The keys in the sub object are the "xxx" subkeys in the pattern.</li>
+    <li>each unsupported "%X" character pattern
+        identifier results in a key value pair using the key "other-X".</li>
+    <li>the values logged are the same as the ones logged by
+        the standard <a href="#Access_Log_Valve">Access Log Valve</a>
+        for the same pattern identifiers.</li>
+    <li>any "xxx" subkeys get Json escaped.</li>
+    <li>any verbatim text between pattern identifiers gets silently ignored.</li>
+    </ul>
+    The JSON object keys used for the pattern identifiers which
+    do not generate a sub object are the following:
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>%a</code></b>: remoteAddr</li>
+    <li><b><code>%A</code></b>: localAddr</li>
+    <li><b><code>%b</code></b>: size</li>
+    <li><b><code>%B</code></b>: byteSentNC</li>
+    <li><b><code>%D</code></b>: elapsedTime</li>
+    <li><b><code>%F</code></b>: firstByteTime</li>
+    <li><b><code>%h</code></b>: host</li>
+    <li><b><code>%H</code></b>: protocol</li>
+    <li><b><code>%I</code></b>: threadName</li>
+    <li><b><code>%l</code></b>: logicalUserName</li>
+    <li><b><code>%m</code></b>: method</li>
+    <li><b><code>%p</code></b>: port</li>
+    <li><b><code>%q</code></b>: query</li>
+    <li><b><code>%r</code></b>: request</li>
+    <li><b><code>%s</code></b>: statusCode</li>
+    <li><b><code>%S</code></b>: sessionId</li>
+    <li><b><code>%t</code></b>: time</li>
+    <li><b><code>%T</code></b>: elapsedTimeS</li>
+    <li><b><code>%u</code></b>: user</li>
+    <li><b><code>%U</code></b>: path</li>
+    <li><b><code>%v</code></b>: localServerName</li>
+    <li><b><code>%X</code></b>: connectionStatus</li>
+    </ul>
+    The JSON object keys used for the pattern identifiers which
+    generate a sub object are the following:
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>%c</code></b>: cookies</li>
+    <li><b><code>%i</code></b>: requestHeaders</li>
+    <li><b><code>%o</code></b>: responseHeaders</li>
+    <li><b><code>%r</code></b>: requestAttributes</li>
+    <li><b><code>%s</code></b>: sessionAttributes</li>
+    </ul>
+    </p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Access_Control">Access Control</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Valve">Remote Address Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote Address Valve</strong> allows you to compare the
+    IP address of the client that submitted this request against one or more
+    <em>regular expressions</em>, and either allow the request to continue
+    or refuse to process the request from this client.  A Remote Address
+    Valve can be associated with any Catalina container
+    (<a href="engine.html">Engine</a>, <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or
+    <a href="context.html">Context</a>), and must accept any request
+    presented to this container for processing before it will be passed on.</p>
+
+    <p>The syntax for <em>regular expressions</em> is different than that for
+    'standard' wildcard matching. Tomcat uses the <code>java.util.regex</code>
+    package. Please consult the Java documentation for details of the
+    expressions supported.</p>
+
+    <p>After setting the attribute <code>addConnectorPort</code> to
+    <code>true</code>, one can append the server connector port separated with a
+    semicolon (";") to allow different expressions for each connector.</p>
+
+    <p>By setting the attribute <code>usePeerAddress</code> to
+    <code>true</code>, the valve will use the connection peer address in its
+    checks. This will differ from the client IP, if a reverse proxy is used
+    in front of Tomcat in combination with either the AJP protocol, or the
+    HTTP protocol plus the <code>RemoteIp(Valve|Filter)</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>A refused request will be answered a response with status code
+    <code>403</code>. This status code can be overwritten using the attribute
+    <code>denyStatus</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>By setting the attribute <code>invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny</code> to
+    <code>true</code>, the behavior when a request is refused can be changed
+    to not deny but instead set an invalid <code>authentication</code>
+    header. This is useful in combination with the context attribute
+    <code>preemptiveAuthentication="true"</code>.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> There is a caveat when using this valve with
+    IPv6 addresses. Format of the IP address that this valve is processing
+    depends on the API that was used to obtain it. If the address was obtained
+    from Java socket using Inet6Address class, its format will be
+    <code>x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x</code>. That is, the IP address for localhost
+    will be <code>0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1</code> instead of the more widely used
+    <code>::1</code>. Consult your access logs for the actual value.</p>
+
+    <p>See also: <a href="#Remote_Host_Valve">Remote Host Valve</a>,
+    <a href="#Remote_CIDR_Valve">Remote CIDR Valve</a>,
+    <a href="#Remote_IP_Valve">Remote IP Valve</a>,
+    <a href="http.html">HTTP Connector</a> configuration.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote Address Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allow</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the
+        remote client's IP address is compared to.  If this attribute
+        is specified, the remote address MUST match for this request to be
+        accepted.  If this attribute is not specified, all requests will be
+        accepted UNLESS the remote address matches a <code>deny</code>
+        pattern.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deny</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the
+        remote client's IP address is compared to.  If this attribute
+        is specified, the remote address MUST NOT match for this request to be
+        accepted.  If this attribute is not specified, request acceptance is
+        governed solely by the <code>allow</code> attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">denyStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>HTTP response status code that is used when rejecting denied
+        request. The default value is <code>403</code>. For example,
+        it can be set to the value <code>404</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">addConnectorPort</code></td><td>
+        <p>Append the server connector port to the client IP address separated
+        with a semicolon (";"). If this is set to <code>true</code>, the
+        expressions configured with <code>allow</code> and
+        <code>deny</code> is compared against <code>ADDRESS;PORT</code>
+        where <code>ADDRESS</code> is the client IP address and
+        <code>PORT</code> is the Tomcat connector port which received the
+        request. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny</code></td><td>
+        <p>When a request should be denied, do not deny but instead
+        set an invalid <code>authentication</code> header. This only works
+        if the context has the attribute <code>preemptiveAuthentication="true"</code>
+        set. An already existing <code>authentication</code> header will not be
+        overwritten. In effect this will trigger authentication instead of deny
+        even if the application does not have a security constraint configured.</p>
+        <p>This can be combined with <code>addConnectorPort</code> to trigger authentication
+        depending on the client and the connector that is used to access an application.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">usePeerAddress</code></td><td>
+        <p>Use the connection peer address instead of the client IP address.
+        They will differ, if a reverse proxy is used in front of Tomcat in
+        combination with either the AJP protocol, or the HTTP protocol plus
+        the <code>RemoteIp(Valve|Filter)</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Valve/Example_localhost">Example 1</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To allow access only for the clients connecting from localhost:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+   allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Valve/Example_localhost_port">Example 2</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To allow unrestricted access for the clients connecting from localhost
+    but for all other clients only to port 8443:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+   addConnectorPort="true"
+   allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+;\d*|::1;\d*|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1;\d*|.*;8443"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Address_Valve/Example_port_auth">Example 3</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To allow unrestricted access to port 8009, but trigger basic
+    authentication if the application is accessed on another port:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         addConnectorPort="true"
+         invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny="true"
+         allow=".*;8009"/&gt;
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.BasicAuthenticator" /&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Host_Valve">Remote Host Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Host_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote Host Valve</strong> allows you to compare the
+    hostname of the client that submitted this request against one or more
+    <em>regular expressions</em>, and either allow the request to continue
+    or refuse to process the request from this client.  A Remote Host
+    Valve can be associated with any Catalina container
+    (<a href="engine.html">Engine</a>, <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or
+    <a href="context.html">Context</a>), and must accept any request
+    presented to this container for processing before it will be passed on.</p>
+
+    <p>The syntax for <em>regular expressions</em> is different than that for
+    'standard' wildcard matching. Tomcat uses the <code>java.util.regex</code>
+    package. Please consult the Java documentation for details of the
+    expressions supported.</p>
+
+    <p>After setting the attribute <code>addConnectorPort</code> to
+    <code>true</code>, one can append the server connector port separated with a
+    semicolon (";") to allow different expressions for each connector.</p>
+
+    <p>A refused request will be answered a response with status code
+    <code>403</code>. This status code can be overwritten using the attribute
+    <code>denyStatus</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>By setting the attribute <code>invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny</code> to
+    <code>true</code>, the behavior when a request is refused can be changed
+    to not deny but instead set an invalid <code>authentication</code>
+    header. This is useful in combination with the context attribute
+    <code>preemptiveAuthentication="true"</code>.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> This valve processes the value returned by
+    method <code>ServletRequest.getRemoteHost()</code>. To allow the method
+    to return proper host names, you have to enable "DNS lookups" feature on
+    a <strong>Connector</strong>.</p>
+
+    <p>See also: <a href="#Remote_Address_Valve">Remote Address Valve</a>,
+    <a href="#Remote_CIDR_Valve">Remote CIDR Valve</a>,
+    <a href="#Remote_IP_Valve">Remote IP Valve</a>,
+    <a href="http.html">HTTP Connector</a> configuration.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_Host_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote Host Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteHostValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allow</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the
+        remote client's hostname is compared to.  If this attribute
+        is specified, the remote hostname MUST match for this request to be
+        accepted.  If this attribute is not specified, all requests will be
+        accepted UNLESS the remote hostname matches a <code>deny</code>
+        pattern.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deny</code></td><td>
+        <p>A regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the
+        remote client's hostname is compared to.  If this attribute
+        is specified, the remote hostname MUST NOT match for this request to be
+        accepted.  If this attribute is not specified, request acceptance is
+        governed solely by the <code>allow</code> attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">denyStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>HTTP response status code that is used when rejecting denied
+        request. The default value is <code>403</code>. For example,
+        it can be set to the value <code>404</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">addConnectorPort</code></td><td>
+        <p>Append the server connector port to the client hostname separated
+        with a semicolon (";"). If this is set to <code>true</code>, the
+        expressions configured with <code>allow</code> and
+        <code>deny</code> is compared against <code>HOSTNAME;PORT</code>
+        where <code>HOSTNAME</code> is the client hostname and
+        <code>PORT</code> is the Tomcat connector port which received the
+        request. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny</code></td><td>
+        <p>When a request should be denied, do not deny but instead
+        set an invalid <code>authentication</code> header. This only works
+        if the context has the attribute <code>preemptiveAuthentication="true"</code>
+        set. An already existing <code>authentication</code> header will not be
+        overwritten. In effect this will trigger authentication instead of deny
+        even if the application does not have a security constraint configured.</p>
+        <p>This can be combined with <code>addConnectorPort</code> to trigger authentication
+        depending on the client and the connector that is used to access an application.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Valve">Remote CIDR Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote CIDR Valve</strong> allows you to compare the
+      IP address of the client that submitted this request against one or more
+      netmasks following the CIDR notation, and either allow the request to
+      continue or refuse to process the request from this client. IPv4 and
+      IPv6 are both fully supported. A Remote CIDR Valve can be associated
+      with any Catalina container (<a href="engine.html">Engine</a>,
+      <a href="host.html">Host</a>, or <a href="context.html">Context</a>), and
+      must accept any request presented to this container for processing before
+      it will be passed on.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>This valve mimics Apache's <code>Order</code>,
+      <code>Allow from</code> and <code>Deny from</code> directives,
+      with the following limitations:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><code>Order</code> will always be <code>allow, deny</code>;</li>
+      <li>dotted quad notations for netmasks are not supported (that is, you
+        cannot write <code>192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</code>, you must write
+        <code>192.168.1.0/24</code>;
+      </li>
+      <li>shortcuts, like <code>10.10.</code>, which is equivalent to
+        <code>10.10.0.0/16</code>, are not supported;
+      </li>
+      <li>as the valve name says, this is a CIDR only valve,
+        therefore subdomain notations like <code>.mydomain.com</code> are not
+        supported either.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>After setting the attribute <code>addConnectorPort</code> to
+    <code>true</code>, one can append the server connector port separated with a
+    semicolon (";") to allow different expressions for each connector.</p>
+
+    <p>By setting the attribute <code>usePeerAddress</code> to
+    <code>true</code>, the valve will use the connection peer address in its
+    checks. This will differ from the client IP, if a reverse proxy is used
+    in front of Tomcat in combination with either the AJP protocol, or the
+    HTTP protocol plus the <code>RemoteIp(Valve|Filter)</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>A refused request will be answered a response with status code
+    <code>403</code>. This status code can be overwritten using the attribute
+    <code>denyStatus</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>By setting the attribute <code>invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny</code> to
+    <code>true</code>, the behavior when a request is refused can be changed
+    to not deny but instead set an invalid <code>authentication</code>
+    header. This is useful in combination with the context attribute
+    <code>preemptiveAuthentication="true"</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>Some more features of this valve are:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>if you omit the CIDR prefix, this valve becomes a single IP
+        valve;</li>
+      <li>unlike the <a href="#Remote_Host_Valve">Remote Host Valve</a>,
+      it can handle IPv6 addresses in condensed form (<code>::1</code>,
+      <code>fe80::/71</code>, etc).</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>See also: <a href="#Remote_Address_Valve">Remote Address Valve</a>,
+    <a href="#Remote_Host_Valve">Remote Host Valve</a>,
+    <a href="#Remote_IP_Valve">Remote IP Valve</a>,
+    <a href="http.html">HTTP Connector</a> configuration.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote CIDR Valve</strong> supports the following
+      configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+          <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteCIDRValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allow</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma-separated list of IPv4 or IPv6 netmasks or addresses
+          that the remote client's IP address is matched against.
+          If this attribute is specified, the remote address MUST match
+          for this request to be accepted. If this attribute is not specified,
+          all requests will be accepted UNLESS the remote IP is matched by a
+          netmask in the <code>deny</code> attribute.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">deny</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma-separated list of IPv4 or IPv6 netmasks or addresses
+          that the remote client's IP address is matched against.
+          If this attribute is specified, the remote address MUST NOT match
+          for this request to be accepted. If this attribute is not specified,
+          request acceptance is governed solely by the <code>accept</code>
+          attribute.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">denyStatus</code></td><td>
+        <p>HTTP response status code that is used when rejecting denied
+        request. The default value is <code>403</code>. For example,
+        it can be set to the value <code>404</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">addConnectorPort</code></td><td>
+        <p>Append the server connector port to the client IP address separated
+        with a semicolon (";"). If this is set to <code>true</code>, the
+        expressions configured with <code>allow</code> and
+        <code>deny</code> is compared against <code>ADDRESS;PORT</code>
+        where <code>ADDRESS</code> is the client IP address and
+        <code>PORT</code> is the Tomcat connector port which received the
+        request. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny</code></td><td>
+        <p>When a request should be denied, do not deny but instead
+        set an invalid <code>authentication</code> header. This only works
+        if the context has the attribute <code>preemptiveAuthentication="true"</code>
+        set. An already existing <code>authentication</code> header will not be
+        overwritten. In effect this will trigger authentication instead of deny
+        even if the application does not have a security constraint configured.</p>
+        <p>This can be combined with <code>addConnectorPort</code> to trigger authentication
+        depending on the client and the connector that is used to access an application.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">usePeerAddress</code></td><td>
+        <p>Use the connection peer address instead of the client IP address.
+        They will differ, if a reverse proxy is used in front of Tomcat in
+        combination with either the AJP protocol, or the HTTP protocol plus
+        the <code>RemoteIp(Valve|Filter)</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Valve/Example_localhost">Example 1</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To allow access only for the clients connecting from localhost:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteCIDRValve"
+   allow="127.0.0.1, ::1"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Valve/Example_localhost_port">Example 2</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To allow unrestricted access for the clients connecting from the local network
+    but for all clients in network 10. only to port 8443:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteCIDRValve"
+   addConnectorPort="true"
+   allow="127.0.0.1;\d*|::1;\d*|10.0.0.0/8;8443"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_CIDR_Valve/Example_port_auth">Example 3</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To allow access to port 8009 from network 10., but trigger basic
+    authentication if the application is accessed on another port:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteCIDRValve"
+         addConnectorPort="true"
+         invalidAuthenticationWhenDeny="true"
+         allow="10.0.0.0/8;8009"/&gt;
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.BasicAuthenticator" /&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Proxies_Support">Proxies Support</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Load_Balancer_Draining_Valve">Load Balancer Draining Valve</h4><div class="text">
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Load_Balancer_Draining_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>
+        When using mod_jk or mod_proxy_ajp, the client's session id is used to
+        determine which back-end server will be used to serve the request. If the
+        target node is being "drained" (in mod_jk, this is the <i>DISABLED</i>
+        state; in mod_proxy_ajp, this is the <i>Drain (N)</i> state), requests
+        for expired sessions can actually cause the draining node to fail to
+        drain.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Unfortunately, AJP-based load-balancers cannot prove whether the
+        client-provided session id is valid or not and therefore will send any
+        requests for a session that appears to be targeted to that node to the
+        disabled (or "draining") node, causing the "draining" process to take
+        longer than necessary.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        This Valve detects requests for invalid sessions, strips the session
+        information from the request, and redirects back to the same URL, where
+        the load-balancer should choose a different (active)  node to handle the
+        request. This will accelerate the "draining" process for the disabled
+        node(s).
+      </p>
+
+      <p>
+        The activation state of the node is sent by the load-balancer in the
+        request, so no state change on the node being disabled is necessary. Simply
+        configure this Valve in your valve pipeline and it will take action when
+        the activation state is set to "disabled".
+      </p>
+
+      <p>
+        You should take care to register this Valve earlier in the Valve pipeline
+        than any authentication Valves, because this Valve should be able to
+        redirect a request before any authentication Valve saves a request to a
+        protected resource. If this happens, a new session will be created and
+        the draining process will stall because a new, valid session will be
+        established.
+      </p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Load_Balancer_Draining_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The <strong>Load Balancer Draining Valve</strong> supports the
+      following configuration attributes:</p>
+
+      <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+          <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This MUST be set to
+          <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.LoadBalancerDrainingValve</strong>.
+          </p>
+        </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">redirectStatusCode</code></td><td>
+          <p>Allows setting a custom redirect code to be used when the client
+          is redirected to be re-balanced by the load-balancer. The default is
+          307 TEMPORARY_REDIRECT.</p>
+        </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ignoreCookieName</code></td><td>
+          <p>When used with <code>ignoreCookieValue</code>, a client can present
+          this cookie (and accompanying value) that will cause this Valve to
+          do nothing. This will allow you to probe your <i>disabled</i> node
+          before re-enabling it to make sure that it is working as expected.</p>
+        </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ignoreCookieValue</code></td><td>
+          <p>When used with <code>ignoreCookieName</code>, a client can present
+          a cookie (and accompanying value) that will cause this Valve to
+          do nothing. This will allow you to probe your <i>disabled</i> node
+          before re-enabling it to make sure that it is working as expected.</p>
+        </td></tr></table>
+    </div></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_IP_Valve">Remote IP Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_IP_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Tomcat port of
+    <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a>,
+    this valve replaces the apparent client remote IP address and hostname for
+    the request with the IP address list presented by a proxy or a load balancer
+    via a request headers (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For").</p>
+
+    <p>Another feature of this valve is to replace the apparent scheme
+    (http/https), server port and <code>request.secure</code> with the scheme presented
+    by a proxy or a load balancer via a request header
+    (e.g. "X-Forwarded-Proto").</p>
+
+    <p>This Valve may be used at the <code>Engine</code>, <code>Host</code> or
+    <code>Context</code> level as required. Normally, this Valve would be used
+    at the <code>Engine</code> level.</p>
+
+    <p>If used in conjunction with Remote Address/Host valves then this valve
+    should be defined first to ensure that the correct client IP address is
+    presented to the Remote Address/Host valves.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> By default this valve has no effect on the
+    values that are written into access log. The original values are restored
+    when request processing leaves the valve and that always happens earlier
+    than access logging. To pass the remote address, remote host, server port
+    and protocol values set by this valve to the access log,
+    they are put into request attributes. Publishing these values here
+    is enabled by default, but <code>AccessLogValve</code> should be explicitly
+    configured to use them. See documentation for
+    <code>requestAttributesEnabled</code> attribute of
+    <code>AccessLogValve</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>The names of request attributes that are set by this valve
+    and can be used by access logging are the following:</p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.RemoteAddr</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.RemoteHost</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.Protocol</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.catalina.AccessLog.ServerPort</code></li>
+      <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.remoteAddr</code></li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remote_IP_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Remote IP Valve</strong> supports the
+    following configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteIpValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">remoteIpHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP Header read by this valve that holds the list of
+        traversed IP addresses starting from the requesting client. If not
+        specified, the default of <code>x-forwarded-for</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">internalProxies</code></td><td>
+        <p>Regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that a
+        proxy's IP address must match to be considered an internal proxy.
+        Internal proxies that appear in the <strong>remoteIpHeader</strong> will
+        be trusted and will not appear in the <strong>proxiesHeader</strong>
+        value. If not specified the default value of <code>
+        10\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|192\.168\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|169\.254\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|127\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|100\.6[4-9]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|100\.[7-9]{1}\d{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|100\.1[0-1]{1}\d{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|100\.12[0-7]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.1[6-9]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.2[0-9]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.3[0-1]{1}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
+        </code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">proxiesHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP header created by this valve to hold the list of
+        proxies that have been processed in the incoming
+        <strong>remoteIpHeader</strong>. If not specified, the default of
+        <code>x-forwarded-by</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">requestAttributesEnabled</code></td><td>
+        <p>Set to <code>true</code> to set the request attributes used by
+        AccessLog implementations to override the values returned by the
+        request for remote address, remote host, server port and protocol.
+        Request attributes are also used to enable the forwarded remote address
+        to be displayed on the status page of the Manager web application.
+        If not set, the default value of <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">trustedProxies</code></td><td>
+        <p>Regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that a
+        proxy's IP address must match to be considered an trusted proxy.
+        Trusted proxies that appear in the <strong>remoteIpHeader</strong> will
+        be trusted and will appear in the <strong>proxiesHeader</strong> value.
+        If not specified, no proxies will be trusted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">protocolHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP Header read by this valve that holds the protocol
+        used by the client to connect to the proxy. If not specified, the
+        default of <code>X-Forwarded-Proto</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hostHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP Header read by this valve that holds the host
+        used by the client to connect to the proxy. If not specified, the
+        default of <code>null</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">portHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the HTTP Header read by this valve that holds the port
+        used by the client to connect to the proxy. If not specified, the
+        default of <code>null</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">protocolHeaderHttpsValue</code></td><td>
+        <p>Value of the <strong>protocolHeader</strong> to indicate that it is
+        an HTTPS request. If not specified, the default of <code>https</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">httpServerPort</code></td><td>
+         <p>Value returned by <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code>
+         when the <strong>protocolHeader</strong> indicates <code>http</code>
+         protocol and no <strong>portHeader</strong> is present. If not
+         specified, the default of <code>80</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">httpsServerPort</code></td><td>
+         <p>Value returned by <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code>
+         when the <strong>protocolHeader</strong> indicates <code>https</code>
+         protocol and no <strong>portHeader</strong> is present. If not
+         specified, the default of <code>443</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeLocalName</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the value returned by
+        <code>ServletRequest.getLocalHost()</code> and
+        <code>ServletRequest.getServerHost()</code> is modified by the this
+        valve. If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeLocalPort</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the value returned by
+        <code>ServletRequest.getLocalPort()</code> and
+        <code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code> is modified by the this
+        valve. If not specified, the default of <code>false</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Valve">SSL Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>When using mod_proxy_http, the client SSL information is not included in
+    the protocol (unlike mod_jk and mod_proxy_ajp). To make the client SSL
+    information available to Tomcat, some additional configuration is required.
+    In httpd, mod_headers is used to add the SSL information as HTTP headers. In
+    Tomcat, this valve is used to read the information from the HTTP headers and
+    insert it into the request.</p>
+
+    <p>Note: Ensure that the headers are always set by httpd for all requests to
+    prevent a client spoofing SSL information by sending fake headers.</p>
+
+    <p>To configure httpd to set the necessary headers, add the following:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;IfModule ssl_module&gt;
+  RequestHeader set SSL_CLIENT_CERT "%{SSL_CLIENT_CERT}s"
+  RequestHeader set SSL_CIPHER "%{SSL_CIPHER}s"
+  RequestHeader set SSL_SESSION_ID "%{SSL_SESSION_ID}s"
+  RequestHeader set SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE "%{SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE}s"
+&lt;/IfModule&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>SSL Valve</strong> supports the following configuration
+    attribute:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.SSLValve</strong>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslClientCertHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Allows setting a custom name for the ssl_client_cert header.
+        If not specified, the default of <code>ssl_client_cert</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslClientEscapedCertHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Allows setting a custom name for the ssl_client_escaped_cert header.
+        If not specified, the default of <code>ssl_client_escaped_cert</code> is
+        used.</p>
+        <p>This header is useful for Nginx proxying, and takes precedence over
+        the ssl_client_cert header.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslCipherHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Allows setting a custom name for the ssl_cipher header.
+        If not specified, the default of <code>ssl_cipher</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslSessionIdHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Allows setting a custom name for the ssl_session_id header.
+        If not specified, the default of <code>ssl_session_id</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sslCipherUserKeySizeHeader</code></td><td>
+        <p>Allows setting a custom name for the ssl_cipher_usekeysize header.
+        If not specified, the default of <code>ssl_cipher_usekeysize</code> is
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Single_Sign_On_Valve">Single Sign On Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Single_Sign_On_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <em>Single Sign On Valve</em> is utilized when you wish to give users
+    the ability to sign on to any one of the web applications associated with
+    your virtual host, and then have their identity recognized by all other
+    web applications on the same virtual host.</p>
+
+    <p>See the <a href="host.html#Single_Sign_On">Single Sign On</a> special
+    feature on the <strong>Host</strong> element for more information.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Single_Sign_On_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Single Sign On</strong> Valve supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">requireReauthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Default false. Flag to determine whether each request needs to be
+        reauthenticated to the security <strong>Realm</strong>. If "true", this
+        Valve uses cached security credentials (username and password) to
+        reauthenticate to the <strong>Realm</strong> each request associated
+        with an SSO session.  If "false", the Valve can itself authenticate
+        requests based on the presence of a valid SSO cookie, without
+        rechecking with the <strong>Realm</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cookieDomain</code></td><td>
+        <p>Sets the host domain to be used for sso cookies.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cookieName</code></td><td>
+        <p>Sets the cookie name to be used for sso cookies. The default value
+        is <code>JSESSIONIDSSO</code></p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Authentication">Authentication</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The valves in this section implement
+<strong>org.apache.catalina.Authenticator</strong> interface.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Basic_Authenticator_Valve">Basic Authenticator Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Basic_Authenticator_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Basic Authenticator Valve</strong> is automatically added to
+    any <a href="context.html">Context</a> that is configured to use BASIC
+    authentication.</p>
+
+    <p>If any non-default settings are required, the valve may be configured
+    within <a href="context.html">Context</a> element with the required
+    values.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Basic_Authenticator_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Basic Authenticator Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowCorsPreflight</code></td><td>
+        <p>Are requests that appear to be CORS preflight requests allowed to
+        bypass the authenticator as required by the CORS specification. The
+        allowed values are <code>never</code>, <code>filter</code> and
+        <code>always</code>. <code>never</code> means that a request will never
+        bypass authentication even if it appears to be a CORS preflight request.
+        <code>filter</code> means that a request will bypass authentication if
+        it appears to be a CORS preflight request; it is mapped to a web
+        application that has the <a href="filter.html#CORS_Filter">CORS
+        Filter</a> enabled; and the CORS Filter is mapped to <code>/*</code>.
+        <code>always</code> means that all requests that appear to be CORS
+        preflight requests will bypass authentication. If not set, the default
+        value is <code>never</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">alwaysUseSession</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should a session always be used once a user is authenticated? This
+        may offer some performance benefits since the session can then be used
+        to cache the authenticated Principal, hence removing the need to
+        authenticate the user via the Realm on every request. This may be of
+        help for combinations such as BASIC authentication used with the
+        JNDIRealm or DataSourceRealms. However there will also be the
+        performance cost of creating and GC'ing the session. If not set, the
+        default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cache</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should we cache authenticated Principals if the request is part of an
+        HTTP session? If not specified, the default value of <code>true</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeSessionIdOnAuthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls if the session ID is changed if a session exists at the
+        point where users are authenticated. This is to prevent session fixation
+        attacks. If not set, the default value of <code>true</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">charset</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls if the <code>WWW-Authenticate</code> HTTP header includes a
+        <code>charset</code> authentication parameter as per RFC 7617. The only
+        permitted options are <code>null</code>, the empty string and
+        <code>UTF-8</code>. If <code>UTF-8</code> is specified then the
+        <code>charset</code> authentication parameter will be sent with that
+        value and the provided user name and optional password will be converted
+        from bytes to characters using UTF-8. Otherwise, no <code>charset</code>
+        authentication parameter will be sent and the provided user name and
+        optional password will be converted from bytes to characters using
+        ISO-8859-1. The default value is <code>null</code></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.BasicAuthenticator</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">disableProxyCaching</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers but will also cause secured pages to be
+        cached by proxies which will almost certainly be a security issue.
+        <code>securePagesWithPragma</code> offers an alternative, secure,
+        workaround for browser caching issues. If not set, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jaspicCallbackHandlerClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class of the
+        <code>javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler</code> implementation
+        which should be used by JASPIC. If none is specified the default
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.CallbackHandlerImpl</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePagesWithPragma</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers by using
+        <code>Cache-Control: private</code> rather than the default of
+        <code>Pragma: No-cache</code> and <code>Cache-control: No-cache</code>.
+        If not set, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the algorithm to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the platform
+        default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the default algorithm of SHA1PRNG will be used. If the
+        default algorithm is not supported, the platform default will be used.
+        To specify that the platform default should be used, do not set the
+        secureRandomProvider attribute and set this attribute to the empty
+        string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class that extends
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> to use to generate SSO session
+        IDs. If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomProvider</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the provider to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate SSO
+        session IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the
+        platform default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the platform default provider will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendAuthInfoResponseHeaders</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls whether the auth information (remote user and auth type)
+        shall be returned as response headers for a forwarded/proxied request.
+        When the <code>RemoteIpValve</code> or <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> mark
+        a forwarded request with the <code>Globals.REQUEST_FORWARDED_ATTRIBUTE</code>
+        this authenticator can return the values of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getRemoteUser()</code> and
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getAuthType()</code> as response headers
+        <code>remote-user</code> and <code>auth-type</code> to a reverse proxy.
+        This is useful, e.g., for access log consistency or other decisions to make.
+        If not specified, the default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">trimCredentials</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls whether leading and/or trailing whitespace is removed from
+        the parsed credentials. If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Digest_Authenticator_Valve">Digest Authenticator Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Digest_Authenticator_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Digest Authenticator Valve</strong> is automatically added to
+    any <a href="context.html">Context</a> that is configured to use DIGEST
+    authentication.</p>
+
+    <p>If any non-default settings are required, the valve may be configured
+    within <a href="context.html">Context</a> element with the required
+    values.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Digest_Authenticator_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Digest Authenticator Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">algoirthms</code></td><td>
+        <p>A comma-separated list of digest algorithms to be used for the
+        authentication process. Algorithms may be specified using the Java
+        Standard names or the names used by RFC 7616. If not specified, the
+        default value of <code>SHA-256,MD5</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowCorsPreflight</code></td><td>
+        <p>Are requests that appear to be CORS preflight requests allowed to
+        bypass the authenticator as required by the CORS specification. The
+        allowed values are <code>never</code>, <code>filter</code> and
+        <code>always</code>. <code>never</code> means that a request will never
+        bypass authentication even if it appears to be a CORS preflight request.
+        <code>filter</code> means that a request will bypass authentication if
+        it appears to be a CORS preflight request; it is mapped to a web
+        application that has the <a href="filter.html#CORS_Filter">CORS
+        Filter</a> enabled; and the CORS Filter is mapped to <code>/*</code>.
+        <code>always</code> means that all requests that appear to be CORS
+        preflight requests will bypass authentication. If not set, the default
+        value is <code>never</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">alwaysUseSession</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should a session always be used once a user is authenticated? This
+        may offer some performance benefits since the session can then be used
+        to cache the authenticated Principal, hence removing the need to
+        authenticate the user via the Realm on every request. This may be of
+        help for combinations such as BASIC authentication used with the
+        JNDIRealm or DataSourceRealms. However there will also be the
+        performance cost of creating and GC'ing the session. If not set, the
+        default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cache</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should we cache authenticated Principals if the request is part of an
+        HTTP session? If not specified, the default value of <code>false</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeSessionIdOnAuthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls if the session ID is changed if a session exists at the
+        point where users are authenticated. This is to prevent session fixation
+        attacks. If not set, the default value of <code>true</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.DigestAuthenticator</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">disableProxyCaching</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers but will also cause secured pages to be
+        cached by proxies which will almost certainly be a security issue.
+        <code>securePagesWithPragma</code> offers an alternative, secure,
+        workaround for browser caching issues. If not set, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jaspicCallbackHandlerClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class of the
+        <code>javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler</code> implementation
+        which should be used by JASPIC. If none is specified the default
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.CallbackHandlerImpl</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">key</code></td><td>
+        <p>The secret key used by digest authentication. If not set, a secure
+        random value is generated. This should normally only be set when it is
+        necessary to keep key values constant either across server restarts
+        and/or across a cluster.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">nonceCacheSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>To protect against replay attacks, the DIGEST authenticator tracks
+        server nonce and nonce count values. This attribute controls the size
+        of that cache. If not specified, the default value of 1000 is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">nonceCountWindowSize</code></td><td>
+        <p>Client requests may be processed out of order which in turn means
+        that the nonce count values may be processed out of order. To prevent
+        authentication failures when nonce counts are presented out of order
+        the authenticator tracks a window of nonce count values. This attribute
+        controls how big that window is. If not specified, the default value of
+        100 is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">nonceValidity</code></td><td>
+        <p>The time, in milliseconds, that a server generated nonce will be
+        considered valid for use in authentication. If not specified, the
+        default value of 300000 (5 minutes) will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">opaque</code></td><td>
+        <p>The opaque server string used by digest authentication. If not set, a
+        random value is generated. This should normally only be set when it is
+        necessary to keep opaque values constant either across server restarts
+        and/or across a cluster.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePagesWithPragma</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers by using
+        <code>Cache-Control: private</code> rather than the default of
+        <code>Pragma: No-cache</code> and <code>Cache-control: No-cache</code>.
+        If not set, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the algorithm to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the platform
+        default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the default algorithm of SHA1PRNG will be used. If the
+        default algorithm is not supported, the platform default will be used.
+        To specify that the platform default should be used, do not set the
+        secureRandomProvider attribute and set this attribute to the empty
+        string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class that extends
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> to use to generate SSO session
+        IDs. If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomProvider</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the provider to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate SSO
+        session IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the
+        platform default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the platform default provider will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendAuthInfoResponseHeaders</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls whether the auth information (remote user and auth type)
+        shall be returned as response headers for a forwarded/proxied request.
+        When the <code>RemoteIpValve</code> or <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> mark
+        a forwarded request with the <code>Globals.REQUEST_FORWARDED_ATTRIBUTE</code>
+        this authenticator can return the values of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getRemoteUser()</code> and
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getAuthType()</code> as response headers
+        <code>remote-user</code> and <code>auth-type</code> to a reverse proxy.
+        This is useful, e.g., for access log consistency or other decisions to make.
+        If not specified, the default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">validateUri</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should the URI be validated as required by RFC2617? If not specified,
+        the default value of <code>true</code> will be used. This should
+        normally only be set when Tomcat is located behind a reverse proxy and
+        the proxy is modifying the URI passed to Tomcat such that DIGEST
+        authentication always fails.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Form_Authenticator_Valve">Form Authenticator Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Form_Authenticator_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Form Authenticator Valve</strong> is automatically added to
+    any <a href="context.html">Context</a> that is configured to use FORM
+    authentication.</p>
+
+    <p>If any non-default settings are required, the valve may be configured
+    within <a href="context.html">Context</a> element with the required
+    values.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Form_Authenticator_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Form Authenticator Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowCorsPreflight</code></td><td>
+        <p>Are requests that appear to be CORS preflight requests allowed to
+        bypass the authenticator as required by the CORS specification. The
+        allowed values are <code>never</code>, <code>filter</code> and
+        <code>always</code>. <code>never</code> means that a request will never
+        bypass authentication even if it appears to be a CORS preflight request.
+        <code>filter</code> means that a request will bypass authentication if
+        it appears to be a CORS preflight request; it is mapped to a web
+        application that has the <a href="filter.html#CORS_Filter">CORS
+        Filter</a> enabled; and the CORS Filter is mapped to <code>/*</code>.
+        <code>always</code> means that all requests that appear to be CORS
+        preflight requests will bypass authentication. If not set, the default
+        value is <code>never</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">authenticationSessionTimeout</code></td><td>
+        <p>If the authentication process creates a session, this is the maximum session timeout (in seconds) during the
+        authentication process. Once authentication is complete, the default session timeout will apply. Sessions that
+        exist before the authentication process starts will retain their original session timeout throughout. If not
+        set, the default value of <code>120</code> seconds will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeSessionIdOnAuthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls if the session ID is changed if a session exists at the
+        point where users are authenticated. This is to prevent session fixation
+        attacks. If not set, the default value of <code>true</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">characterEncoding</code></td><td>
+        <p>Character encoding to use to read the username and password parameters
+        from the request. If not set, the encoding of the request body will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.FormAuthenticator</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">disableProxyCaching</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers but will also cause secured pages to be
+        cached by proxies which will almost certainly be a security issue.
+        <code>securePagesWithPragma</code> offers an alternative, secure,
+        workaround for browser caching issues. If not set, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jaspicCallbackHandlerClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class of the
+        <code>javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler</code> implementation
+        which should be used by JASPIC. If none is specified the default
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.CallbackHandlerImpl</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">landingPage</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the behavior of the FORM authentication process if the
+        process is misused, for example by directly requesting the login page
+        or delaying logging in for so long that the session expires. If this
+        attribute is set, rather than returning an error response code, Tomcat
+        will redirect the user to the specified landing page if the login form
+        is submitted with valid credentials. For the login to be processed, the
+        landing page must be a protected resource (i.e. one that requires
+        authentication). If the landing page does not require authentication
+        then the user will not be logged in and will be prompted for their
+        credentials again when they access a protected page.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePagesWithPragma</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers by using
+        <code>Cache-Control: private</code> rather than the default of
+        <code>Pragma: No-cache</code> and <code>Cache-control: No-cache</code>.
+        If not set, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the algorithm to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the platform
+        default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the default algorithm of SHA1PRNG will be used. If the
+        default algorithm is not supported, the platform default will be used.
+        To specify that the platform default should be used, do not set the
+        secureRandomProvider attribute and set this attribute to the empty
+        string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class that extends
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> to use to generate SSO session
+        IDs. If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomProvider</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the provider to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate SSO
+        session IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the
+        platform default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the platform default provider will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendAuthInfoResponseHeaders</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls whether the auth information (remote user and auth type)
+        shall be returned as response headers for a forwarded/proxied request.
+        When the <code>RemoteIpValve</code> or <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> mark
+        a forwarded request with the <code>Globals.REQUEST_FORWARDED_ATTRIBUTE</code>
+        this authenticator can return the values of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getRemoteUser()</code> and
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getAuthType()</code> as response headers
+        <code>remote-user</code> and <code>auth-type</code> to a reverse proxy.
+        This is useful, e.g., for access log consistency or other decisions to make.
+        If not specified, the default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Authenticator_Valve">SSL Authenticator Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Authenticator_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>SSL Authenticator Valve</strong> is automatically added to
+    any <a href="context.html">Context</a> that is configured to use SSL
+    authentication.</p>
+
+    <p>If any non-default settings are required, the valve may be configured
+    within <a href="context.html">Context</a> element with the required
+    values.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SSL_Authenticator_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>SSL Authenticator Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowCorsPreflight</code></td><td>
+        <p>Are requests that appear to be CORS preflight requests allowed to
+        bypass the authenticator as required by the CORS specification. The
+        allowed values are <code>never</code>, <code>filter</code> and
+        <code>always</code>. <code>never</code> means that a request will never
+        bypass authentication even if it appears to be a CORS preflight request.
+        <code>filter</code> means that a request will bypass authentication if
+        it appears to be a CORS preflight request; it is mapped to a web
+        application that has the <a href="filter.html#CORS_Filter">CORS
+        Filter</a> enabled; and the CORS Filter is mapped to <code>/*</code>.
+        <code>always</code> means that all requests that appear to be CORS
+        preflight requests will bypass authentication. If not set, the default
+        value is <code>never</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cache</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should we cache authenticated Principals if the request is part of an
+        HTTP session? If not specified, the default value of <code>true</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SSLAuthenticator</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeSessionIdOnAuthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls if the session ID is changed if a session exists at the
+        point where users are authenticated. This is to prevent session fixation
+        attacks. If not set, the default value of <code>true</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">disableProxyCaching</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers but will also cause secured pages to be
+        cached by proxies which will almost certainly be a security issue.
+        <code>securePagesWithPragma</code> offers an alternative, secure,
+        workaround for browser caching issues. If not set, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jaspicCallbackHandlerClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class of the
+        <code>javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler</code> implementation
+        which should be used by JASPIC. If none is specified the default
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.CallbackHandlerImpl</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePagesWithPragma</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers by using
+        <code>Cache-Control: private</code> rather than the default of
+        <code>Pragma: No-cache</code> and <code>Cache-control: No-cache</code>.
+        If not set, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the algorithm to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the platform
+        default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the default algorithm of SHA1PRNG will be used. If the
+        default algorithm is not supported, the platform default will be used.
+        To specify that the platform default should be used, do not set the
+        secureRandomProvider attribute and set this attribute to the empty
+        string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class that extends
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> to use to generate SSO session
+        IDs. If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomProvider</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the provider to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate SSO
+        session IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the
+        platform default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the platform default provider will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="SPNEGO_Valve">SPNEGO Valve</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SPNEGO_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>SPNEGO Authenticator Valve</strong> is automatically added to
+    any <a href="context.html">Context</a> that is configured to use SPNEGO
+    authentication.</p>
+
+    <p>If any non-default settings are required, the valve may be configured
+    within <a href="context.html">Context</a> element with the required
+    values.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SPNEGO_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>SPNEGO Authenticator Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">allowCorsPreflight</code></td><td>
+        <p>Are requests that appear to be CORS preflight requests allowed to
+        bypass the authenticator as required by the CORS specification. The
+        allowed values are <code>never</code>, <code>filter</code> and
+        <code>always</code>. <code>never</code> means that a request will never
+        bypass authentication even if it appears to be a CORS preflight request.
+        <code>filter</code> means that a request will bypass authentication if
+        it appears to be a CORS preflight request and the web application the
+        request maps to has the <a href="filter.html#CORS_Filter">CORS
+        Filter</a> enabled and mapped to <code>/*</code>. <code>always</code>
+        means that all requests that appear to be CORS preflight requests will
+        bypass authentication. If not set, the default value is
+        <code>never</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">alwaysUseSession</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should a session always be used once a user is authenticated? This
+        may offer some performance benefits since the session can then be used
+        to cache the authenticated Principal, hence removing the need to
+        authenticate the user on every request. This will also help with clients
+        that assume that the server will cache the authenticated user. However
+        there will also be the performance cost of creating and GC'ing the
+        session. For an alternative solution see
+        <code>noKeepAliveUserAgents</code>. If not set, the default value of
+        <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">applyJava8u40Fix</code></td><td>
+        <p>A fix introduced in Java 8 update 40 (
+        <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8048194">JDK-8048194</a>)
+        onwards broke SPNEGO authentication for IE with Tomcat running on
+        Windows 2008 R2 servers. This option enables a work-around that allows
+        SPNEGO authentication to continue working. The work-around should not
+        impact other configurations so it is enabled by default. If necessary,
+        the workaround can be disabled by setting this attribute to
+        <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">cache</code></td><td>
+        <p>Should we cache authenticated Principals if the request is part of an
+        HTTP session? If not specified, the default value of <code>true</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SpnegoAuthenticator</strong>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">changeSessionIdOnAuthentication</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls if the session ID is changed if a session exists at the
+        point where users are authenticated. This is to prevent session fixation
+        attacks. If not set, the default value of <code>true</code> will be
+        used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">disableProxyCaching</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers but will also cause secured pages to be
+        cached by proxies which will almost certainly be a security issue.
+        <code>securePagesWithPragma</code> offers an alternative, secure,
+        workaround for browser caching issues. If not set, the default value of
+        <code>true</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jaspicCallbackHandlerClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class of the
+        <code>javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler</code> implementation
+        which should be used by JASPIC. If none is specified the default
+        <code>org.apache.catalina.authenticator.jaspic.CallbackHandlerImpl</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">loginConfigName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the JAAS login configuration to be used to login as the
+        service. If not specified, the default of
+        <code>com.sun.security.jgss.krb5.accept</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">noKeepAliveUserAgents</code></td><td>
+        <p>Some clients (not most browsers) expect the server to cache the
+        authenticated user information for a connection and do not resend the
+        credentials with every request. Tomcat will not do this unless an HTTP
+        session is available. A session will be available if either the
+        application creates one or if <code>alwaysUseSession</code> is enabled
+        for this Authenticator.</p>
+        <p>As an alternative to creating a session, this attribute may be used
+        to define the user agents for which HTTP keep-alive is disabled. This
+        means that a connection will only used for a single request and hence
+        there is no ability to cache authenticated user information per
+        connection. There will be a performance cost in disabling HTTP
+        keep-alive.</p>
+        <p>The attribute should be a regular expression that matches the entire
+        user-agent string, e.g. <code>.*Chrome.*</code>. If not specified, no
+        regular expression will be defined and no user agents will have HTTP
+        keep-alive disabled.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">securePagesWithPragma</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls the caching of pages that are protected by security
+        constraints. Setting this to <code>false</code> may help work around
+        caching issues in some browsers by using
+        <code>Cache-Control: private</code> rather than the default of
+        <code>Pragma: No-cache</code> and <code>Cache-control: No-cache</code>.
+        If not set, the default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomAlgorithm</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the algorithm to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
+        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the platform
+        default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the default algorithm of SHA1PRNG will be used. If the
+        default algorithm is not supported, the platform default will be used.
+        To specify that the platform default should be used, do not set the
+        secureRandomProvider attribute and set this attribute to the empty
+        string.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomClass</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the Java class that extends
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> to use to generate SSO session
+        IDs. If not specified, the default value is
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">secureRandomProvider</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the provider to use to create the
+        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate SSO
+        session IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the
+        platform default provider and the default algorithm will be used. If not
+        specified, the platform default provider will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sendAuthInfoResponseHeaders</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls whether the auth information (remote user and auth type)
+        shall be returned as response headers for a forwarded/proxied request.
+        When the <code>RemoteIpValve</code> or <code>RemoteIpFilter</code> mark
+        a forwarded request with the <code>Globals.REQUEST_FORWARDED_ATTRIBUTE</code>
+        this authenticator can return the values of
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getRemoteUser()</code> and
+        <code>HttpServletRequest.getAuthType()</code> as response headers
+        <code>remote-user</code> and <code>auth-type</code> to a reverse proxy.
+        This is useful, e.g., for access log consistency or other decisions to make.
+        If not specified, the default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">storeDelegatedCredential</code></td><td>
+        <p>Controls if the user' delegated credential will be stored in
+        the user Principal. If available, the delegated credential will be
+        available to applications (e.g. for onward authentication to external
+        services) via the <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.GSS_CREDENTIAL</code>
+        request attribute. If not set, the default value of <code>true</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Error_Report_Valve">Error Report Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Error_Report_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Error Report Valve</strong> is a simple error handler
+    for HTTP status codes that will generate and return HTML error pages. It can
+    also be configured to return pre-defined static HTML pages for specific
+    status codes and/or exception types.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Disabling both showServerInfo and showReport will
+    only return the HTTP status code.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Error_Report_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Error Report Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve</strong> to use the
+        default error report valve.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">errorCode.nnn</code></td><td>
+        <p>The location of the UTF-8 encoded HTML file to return for the HTTP
+        error code represented by <code>nnn</code>. For example,
+        <code>errorCode.404</code> specifies the file to return for an HTTP 404
+        error. The location may be relative or absolute. If relative, it must be
+        relative to <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>. The special value of
+        <code>errorCode.0</code> may be used to define a default error page to
+        be used if no error page is defined for a status code. If no matching
+        error page is found, the default <strong>Error Report Valve</strong>
+        response will be returned.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">exceptionType.fullyQualifiedClassName</code></td><td>
+        <p>The location of the UTF-8 encoded HTML file to return if an error has
+        occurred and the <code>javax.servlet.error.exception</code> request
+        attribute has been set to an instance of
+        <code>fullyQualifiedClassName</code> or a sub-class of it. For example,
+        <code>errorCode.java.io.IOException</code> specifies the file to return
+        for an <code>IOException</code>. The location may be relative or
+        absolute. If relative, it must be relative to
+        <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>. If no matching error page is found, the
+        default <strong>Error Report Valve</strong> response will be
+        returned.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">showReport</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to determine if the error report (custom error message and/or
+           stack trace) is presented when an error occurs. If set to
+           <code>false</code>, then the error report is not returned in the HTML
+           response.
+           Default value: <code>true</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">showServerInfo</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to determine if server information is presented when an error
+           occurs. If set to <code>false</code>, then the server version is not
+           returned in the HTML response.
+           Default value: <code>true</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Json_Error_Report_Valve">Json Error Report Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Json_Error_Report_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Json Error Report Valve</strong> is a simple error handler
+    for HTTP status codes that will return Json error messages.</p>
+
+    <p>By specifying this class in <code>errorReportValveClass</code> attribute
+    in <code>Host</code>, it will be used instead of
+    <code>ErrorReportValve</code> and will return JSON response instead of HTML.
+    </p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Json_Error_Report_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Json Error Report Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.JsonErrorReportValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Proxy_Error_Report_Valve">Proxy Error Report Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Proxy_Error_Report_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Proxy Error Report Valve</strong> is a simple error handler
+    for HTTP status codes that will redirect or proxy to another location
+    responsible for the generation of the error report.</p>
+
+    <p>By specifying this class in <code>errorReportValveClass</code> attribute
+    in <code>Host</code>, it will be used instead of
+    <code>ErrorReportValve</code> with the default attribute values. To
+    configure the attributes, the valve can be defined nested in the
+    <code>Host</code> element.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Proxy_Error_Report_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Proxy Error Report Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.ProxyErrorReportValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">usePropertiesFile</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the valve will use the properties file
+        described below to associate the URLs with the status code.
+        If <code>false</code>, the configuration mechanism of the default
+        <code>ErrorReportValve</code> will be used instead. The default
+        value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useRedirect</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code>, the valve will send a redirect to the URL.
+        If <code>false</code>, the valve will instead proxy the content from
+        the specified URL. The default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Configuration">Configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Proxy Error Report Valve</strong> can use a resource file
+    <strong>ProxyErrorReportValve.properties</strong>
+    from the class path, where each entry is a statusCode=baseUrl. baseUrl
+    should not include any url parameters, statusCode, statusDescription,
+    requestUri, and throwable which will be automatically appended. A special
+    key named <code>0</code> should be used to match any other unmapped
+    code to a redirect or proxy URL.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Crawler_Session_Manager_Valve">Crawler Session Manager Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Crawler_Session_Manager_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Web crawlers can trigger the creation of many thousands of sessions as
+    they crawl a site which may result in significant memory consumption. This
+    Valve ensures that crawlers are associated with a single session - just like
+    normal users - regardless of whether or not they provide a session token
+    with their requests.</p>
+
+    <p>This Valve may be used at the <code>Engine</code>, <code>Host</code> or
+    <code>Context</code> level as required. Normally, this Valve would be used
+    at the <code>Engine</code> level.</p>
+
+    <p>If used in conjunction with Remote IP valve then the Remote IP valve
+    should be defined before this valve to ensure that the correct client IP
+    address is presented to this valve.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Crawler_Session_Manager_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Crawler Session Manager Valve</strong> supports the
+    following configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.CrawlerSessionManagerValve</strong>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">contextAware</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to use the context name together with the client IP to
+        identify the session to re-use. Can be combined with <code>hostAware</code>.
+        Default value: <code>true</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">crawlerIps</code></td><td>
+        <p>Regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that client
+        IP is matched against to determine if a request is from a web crawler.
+        By default such regular expression is not set.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">crawlerUserAgents</code></td><td>
+        <p>Regular expression (using <code>java.util.regex</code>) that the user
+        agent HTTP request header is matched against to determine if a request
+        is from a web crawler. If not set, the default of
+        <code>.*[bB]ot.*|.*Yahoo! Slurp.*|.*Feedfetcher-Google.*</code> is used.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">hostAware</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to use the configured host together with the client IP to
+        identify the session to re-use. Can be combined with <code>contextAware</code>.
+        Default value: <code>true</code>
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">sessionInactiveInterval</code></td><td>
+        <p>The minimum time in seconds that the Crawler Session Manager Valve
+        should keep the mapping of client IP to session ID in memory without any
+        activity from the client. The client IP / session cache will be
+        periodically purged of mappings that have been inactive for longer than
+        this interval. If not specified the default value of <code>60</code>
+        will be used.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Stuck_Thread_Detection_Valve">Stuck Thread Detection Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Stuck_Thread_Detection_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>This valve allows to detect requests that take a long time to process,
+    which might indicate that the thread that is processing it is stuck.
+    Additionally it can optionally interrupt such threads to try and unblock
+    them.</p>
+    <p>When such a request is detected, the current stack trace of its thread is
+    written to Tomcat log with a WARN level.</p>
+    <p>The IDs and names of the stuck threads are available through JMX in the
+    <code>stuckThreadIds</code> and <code>stuckThreadNames</code> attributes.
+    The IDs can be used with the standard Threading JVM MBean
+    (<code>java.lang:type=Threading</code>) to retrieve other information
+    about each stuck thread.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Stuck_Thread_Detection_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Stuck Thread Detection Valve</strong> supports the
+    following configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.StuckThreadDetectionValve</strong>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">threshold</code></td><td>
+        <p>Minimum duration in seconds after which a thread is considered stuck.
+        Default is 600 seconds. If set to 0, the detection is disabled.</p>
+        <p>Note: since the detection (and optional interruption) is done in the
+        background thread of the Container (Engine, Host or Context) declaring
+        this Valve, the threshold should be higher than the
+        <code>backgroundProcessorDelay</code> of this Container.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">interruptThreadThreshold</code></td><td>
+        <p>Minimum duration in seconds after which a stuck thread should be
+        interrupted to attempt to "free" it.</p>
+        <p>Note that there's no guarantee that the thread will get unstuck.
+        This usually works well for threads stuck on I/O or locks, but is
+        probably useless in case of infinite loops.</p>
+        <p>Default is -1 which disables the feature. To enable it, the value
+        must be greater or equal to <code>threshold</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Semaphore_Valve">Semaphore Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Semaphore_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Semaphore Valve</strong> is able to limit the number of
+    concurrent request processing threads.</p>
+    <p><strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.SemaphoreValve</strong> provides
+    methods which may be overridden by a subclass to customize behavior:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><b><code>controlConcurrency</code></b> may be overridden to add
+    conditions;</li>
+    <li><b><code>permitDenied</code></b> may be overridden to add error handling
+    when a permit isn't granted.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Semaphore_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Semaphore Valve</strong> supports the following
+    configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">block</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to determine if a thread is blocked until a permit is available.
+        The default value is <strong>true</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use. This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.SemaphoreValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">concurrency</code></td><td>
+        <p>Concurrency level of the semaphore. The default value is
+        <strong>10</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">fairness</code></td><td>
+        <p>Fairness of the semaphore. The default value is
+        <strong>false</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">interruptible</code></td><td>
+        <p>Flag to determine if a thread may be interrupted until a permit is
+        available. The default value is <strong>false</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Health_Check_Valve">Health Check Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Health_Check_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Health Check Valve</strong> responds to
+    cloud orchestrators health checks.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Health_Check_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>Health Check Valve</strong> supports the
+    following configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.HealthCheckValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">path</code></td><td>
+        <p>Path by the cloud orchestrators health check logic. If the valve
+        is associated with a context, then this will be relative to the context
+        path. Otherwise, the valve will match the full URI.
+        The default value is <strong>/health</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">checkContainersAvailable</code></td><td>
+        <p>If <code>true</code> the valve will check if its associated
+        container and all its children are available.
+        The default value is <strong>true</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Persistent_Valve">Persistent Valve</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Persistent_Valve/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>PersistentValve</strong> that implements per-request session
+    persistence. It is intended to be used with non-sticky load-balancers.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Persistent_Valve/Attributes">Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>The <strong>PersistentValve Valve</strong> supports the
+    following configuration attributes:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">className</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Java class name of the implementation to use.  This MUST be set to
+        <strong>org.apache.catalina.valves.PersistentValve</strong>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">filter</code></td><td>
+        <p>For known file extensions or urls, you can use this filter pattern to
+        notify the valve that no session required during this request. If the
+        request matches this filter pattern, the valve assumes there has been no
+        need to restore session. An example filter would look like <code>
+        filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"</code>.
+        The filter is a regular expression using
+        <code>java.util.regex</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Connectors How To</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Connectors How To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#HTTP">HTTP</a></li><li><a href="#AJP">AJP</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Choosing a connector to use with Tomcat can be difficult. This page will
+list the connectors which are supported with this Tomcat release, and will
+hopefully help you make the right choice according to your needs.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="HTTP">HTTP</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The HTTP connector is setup by default with Tomcat, and is ready to use. This
+connector features the lowest latency and best overall performance.</p>
+
+<p>For clustering, an HTTP load balancer <b>with support for web sessions stickiness</b>
+must be installed to direct the traffic to the Tomcat servers. Tomcat supports mod_proxy
+(on Apache HTTP Server 2.x, and included by default in Apache HTTP Server 2.2) as the load balancer.
+It should be noted that the performance of HTTP proxying is usually lower than the
+performance of AJP, so AJP clustering is often preferable.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="AJP">AJP</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>When using a single server, the performance when using a native webserver in
+front of the Tomcat instance is most of the time significantly worse than a
+standalone Tomcat with its default HTTP connector, even if a large part of the web
+application is made of static files. If integration with the native webserver is
+needed for any reason, an AJP connector will provide faster performance than
+proxied HTTP. AJP clustering is the most efficient from the Tomcat perspective.
+It is otherwise functionally equivalent to HTTP clustering.</p>
+
+<p>The native connectors supported with this Tomcat release are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>JK 1.2.x with any of the supported servers</li>
+<li>mod_proxy on Apache HTTP Server 2.x (included by default in Apache HTTP Server 2.2),
+with AJP enabled</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><b>Other native connectors supporting AJP may work, but are no longer supported.</b></p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/default-servlet.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/default-servlet.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Default Servlet Reference</title><meta name="author" content="Tim Funk"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Default Servlet Reference</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#what">What is the DefaultServlet</a></li><li><a href="#where">Where is it declared?</a></li><li><a href="#change">What can I change?</a></li><li><a href="#dir">How do I customize directory listings?</a></li><li><a href="#secure">How do I secure directory listings?</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="what">What is the DefaultServlet</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+The default servlet is the servlet which serves static resources as well
+as serves the directory listings (if directory listings are enabled).
+</p>
+</div><h3 id="where">Where is it declared?</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+It is declared globally in <i>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</i>.
+By default here is it's declaration:
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>    &lt;servlet&gt;
+        &lt;servlet-name&gt;default&lt;/servlet-name&gt;
+        &lt;servlet-class&gt;
+          org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet
+        &lt;/servlet-class&gt;
+        &lt;init-param&gt;
+            &lt;param-name&gt;debug&lt;/param-name&gt;
+            &lt;param-value&gt;0&lt;/param-value&gt;
+        &lt;/init-param&gt;
+        &lt;init-param&gt;
+            &lt;param-name&gt;listings&lt;/param-name&gt;
+            &lt;param-value&gt;false&lt;/param-value&gt;
+        &lt;/init-param&gt;
+        &lt;load-on-startup&gt;1&lt;/load-on-startup&gt;
+    &lt;/servlet&gt;
+
+...
+
+    &lt;servlet-mapping&gt;
+        &lt;servlet-name&gt;default&lt;/servlet-name&gt;
+        &lt;url-pattern&gt;/&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
+    &lt;/servlet-mapping&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>So by default, the default servlet is loaded at webapp startup and directory
+listings are disabled and debugging is turned off.</p>
+
+<p>If you need to change the DefaultServlet settings for an application you can
+override the default configuration by re-defining the DefaultServlet in
+<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. However, this will cause problems if you attempt
+to deploy the application on another container as the DefaultServlet class will
+not be recognised. You can work-around this problem by using the Tomcat specific
+<code>/WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</code> deployment descriptor. The format is
+identical to <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. It will override any default
+settings but not those in <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. Since it is Tomcat
+specific, it will only be processed when the application is deployed on
+Tomcat.</p>
+</div><h3 id="change">What can I change?</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+  The DefaultServlet allows the following initParameters:
+</p>
+
+<table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Property
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">debug</code></td><td>
+        Debugging level. It is not very useful unless you are a tomcat
+        developer. As
+        of this writing, useful values are 0, 1, 11. [0]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">listings</code></td><td>
+        If no welcome file is present, can a directory listing be
+        shown?
+        value may be <b>true</b> or <b>false</b> [false]
+        <br>
+        Welcome files are part of the servlet api.
+        <br>
+        <b>WARNING:</b> Listings of directories containing many entries are
+        expensive. Multiple requests for large directory listings can consume
+        significant proportions of server resources.
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">precompressed</code></td><td>
+        If a precompressed version of a file exists (a file with <code>.br</code>
+        or <code>.gz</code> appended to the file name located alongside the
+        original file), Tomcat will serve the precompressed file if the user
+        agent supports the matching content encoding (br or gzip) and this
+        option is enabled. [false]
+        <br>
+        The precompressed file with the with <code>.br</code> or <code>.gz</code>
+        extension will be accessible if requested directly so if the original
+        resource is protected with a security constraint, the precompressed
+        versions must be similarly protected.
+        <br>
+        It is also possible to configure the list of precompressed formats.
+        The syntax is comma separated list of
+        <code>[content-encoding]=[file-extension]</code> pairs. For example:
+        <code>br=.br,gzip=.gz,bzip2=.bz2</code>. If multiple formats are
+        specified, the client supports more than one and the client does not
+        express a preference, the order of the list of formats will be treated
+        as the server preference order and used to select the format returned.
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">readmeFile</code></td><td>
+        If a directory listing is presented, a readme file may also
+        be presented with the listing. This file is inserted as is
+        so it may contain HTML.
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">globalXsltFile</code></td><td>
+        If you wish to customize your directory listing, you
+        can use an XSL transformation. This value is a relative file name (to
+        either $CATALINA_BASE/conf/ or $CATALINA_HOME/conf/) which will be used
+        for all directory listings. This can be overridden per context and/or
+        per directory. See <strong>contextXsltFile</strong> and
+        <strong>localXsltFile</strong> below. The format of the xml is shown
+        below.
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">contextXsltFile</code></td><td>
+        You may also customize your directory listing by context by
+        configuring <code>contextXsltFile</code>. This must be a context
+        relative path (e.g.: <code>/path/to/context.xslt</code>) to a file with
+        a <code>.xsl</code> or <code>.xslt</code> extension. This overrides
+        <code>globalXsltFile</code>. If this value is present but a file does
+        not exist, then <code>globalXsltFile</code> will be used. If
+        <code>globalXsltFile</code> does not exist, then the default
+        directory listing will be shown.
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">localXsltFile</code></td><td>
+        You may also customize your directory listing by directory by
+        configuring <code>localXsltFile</code>. This must be a file in the
+        directory where the listing will take place to with a
+        <code>.xsl</code> or <code>.xslt</code> extension. This overrides
+        <code>globalXsltFile</code> and <code>contextXsltFile</code>. If this
+        value is present but a file does not exist, then
+        <code>contextXsltFile</code> will be used. If
+        <code>contextXsltFile</code> does not exist, then
+        <code>globalXsltFile</code> will be used. If
+        <code>globalXsltFile</code> does not exist, then the default
+        directory listing will be shown.
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">input</code></td><td>
+        Input buffer size (in bytes) when reading
+        resources to be served.  [2048]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">output</code></td><td>
+        Output buffer size (in bytes) when writing
+        resources to be served.  [2048]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">readonly</code></td><td>
+        Is this context "read only", so HTTP commands like PUT and
+        DELETE are rejected?  [true]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">fileEncoding</code></td><td>
+        File encoding to be used when reading static resources.
+        [platform default]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">useBomIfPresent</code></td><td>
+        If a static file contains a byte order mark (BOM), should this be used
+        to determine the file encoding in preference to fileEncoding. This
+        setting must be one of <code>true</code> (remove the BOM and use it in
+        preference to fileEncoding), <code>false</code> (remove the BOM but do
+        not use it) or <code>pass-through</code> (do not use the BOM and do not
+        remove it). [true]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">sendfileSize</code></td><td>
+        If the connector used supports sendfile, this represents the minimal
+        file size in KB for which sendfile will be used. Use a negative value
+        to always disable sendfile. [48]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">useAcceptRanges</code></td><td>
+        If true, the Accept-Ranges header will be set when appropriate for the
+        response. [true]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">showServerInfo</code></td><td>
+        Should server information be presented in the response sent to clients
+        when directory listing is enabled. [true]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">sortListings</code></td><td>
+        Should the server sort the listings in a directory. [false]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">sortDirectoriesFirst</code></td><td>
+        Should the server list all directories before all files. [false]
+  </td></tr><tr><td><code class="propertyName">allowPartialPut</code></td><td>
+        Should the server treat an HTTP PUT request with a Range header as a
+        partial PUT? Note that while RFC 7233 clarified that Range headers only
+        valid for GET requests, RFC 9110 (which obsoletes RFC 7233) now allows
+        partial puts. [true]
+  </td></tr></table>
+</div><h3 id="dir">How do I customize directory listings?</h3><div class="text">
+<p>You can override DefaultServlet with you own implementation and use that
+in your web.xml declaration. If you
+can understand what was just said, we will assume you can read the code
+to DefaultServlet servlet and make the appropriate adjustments. (If not,
+then that method isn't for you)
+</p>
+<p>
+You can use either  <code>localXsltFile</code>, <code>contextXsltFile</code>
+or <code>globalXsltFile</code> and DefaultServlet will create
+an xml document and run it through an xsl transformation based
+on the values provided in the XSLT file. <code>localXsltFile</code> is first
+checked, then <code>contextXsltFile</code>, followed by
+<code>globalXsltFile</code>. If no XSLT files are configured, default behavior
+is used.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Format:
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>    &lt;listing&gt;
+     &lt;entries&gt;
+      &lt;entry type='file|dir' urlPath='aPath' size='###' date='gmt date'&gt;
+        fileName1
+      &lt;/entry&gt;
+      &lt;entry type='file|dir' urlPath='aPath' size='###' date='gmt date'&gt;
+        fileName2
+      &lt;/entry&gt;
+      ...
+     &lt;/entries&gt;
+     &lt;readme&gt;&lt;/readme&gt;
+    &lt;/listing&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<ul>
+  <li>size will be missing if <code>type='dir'</code></li>
+  <li>Readme is a CDATA entry</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+  The following is a sample xsl file which mimics the default tomcat behavior:
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
+
+&lt;xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+  version="3.0"&gt;
+
+  &lt;xsl:output method="html" html-version="5.0"
+    encoding="UTF-8" indent="no"
+    doctype-system="about:legacy-compat"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;xsl:template match="listing"&gt;
+   &lt;html&gt;
+    &lt;head&gt;
+      &lt;title&gt;
+        Sample Directory Listing For
+        &lt;xsl:value-of select="@directory"/&gt;
+      &lt;/title&gt;
+      &lt;style&gt;
+        h1 {color : white;background-color : #0086b2;}
+        h3 {color : white;background-color : #0086b2;}
+        body {font-family : sans-serif,Arial,Tahoma;
+             color : black;background-color : white;}
+        b {color : white;background-color : #0086b2;}
+        a {color : black;} HR{color : #0086b2;}
+        table td { padding: 5px; }
+      &lt;/style&gt;
+    &lt;/head&gt;
+    &lt;body&gt;
+      &lt;h1&gt;Sample Directory Listing For
+            &lt;xsl:value-of select="@directory"/&gt;
+      &lt;/h1&gt;
+      &lt;hr style="height: 1px;" /&gt;
+      &lt;table style="width: 100%;"&gt;
+        &lt;tr&gt;
+          &lt;th style="text-align: left;"&gt;Filename&lt;/th&gt;
+          &lt;th style="text-align: center;"&gt;Size&lt;/th&gt;
+          &lt;th style="text-align: right;"&gt;Last Modified&lt;/th&gt;
+        &lt;/tr&gt;
+        &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="entries"/&gt;
+        &lt;/table&gt;
+      &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="readme"/&gt;
+      &lt;hr style="height: 1px;" /&gt;
+      &lt;h3&gt;Apache Tomcat/9.0&lt;/h3&gt;
+    &lt;/body&gt;
+   &lt;/html&gt;
+  &lt;/xsl:template&gt;
+
+
+  &lt;xsl:template match="entries"&gt;
+    &lt;xsl:apply-templates select="entry"/&gt;
+  &lt;/xsl:template&gt;
+
+  &lt;xsl:template match="readme"&gt;
+    &lt;hr style="height: 1px;" /&gt;
+    &lt;pre&gt;&lt;xsl:apply-templates/&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
+  &lt;/xsl:template&gt;
+
+  &lt;xsl:template match="entry"&gt;
+    &lt;tr&gt;
+      &lt;td style="text-align: left;"&gt;
+        &lt;xsl:variable name="urlPath" select="@urlPath"/&gt;
+        &lt;a href="{$urlPath}"&gt;
+          &lt;pre&gt;&lt;xsl:apply-templates/&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
+        &lt;/a&gt;
+      &lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;
+        &lt;pre&gt;&lt;xsl:value-of select="@size"/&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
+      &lt;/td&gt;
+      &lt;td style="text-align: right;"&gt;
+        &lt;pre&gt;&lt;xsl:value-of select="@date"/&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
+      &lt;/td&gt;
+    &lt;/tr&gt;
+  &lt;/xsl:template&gt;
+
+&lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="secure">How do I secure directory listings?</h3><div class="text">
+Use web.xml in each individual webapp. See the security section of the
+Servlet specification.
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Tomcat Web Application Deployment</title><meta name="author" content="Allistair Crossley"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Tomcat Web Application Deployment</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#A_word_on_Contexts">A word on Contexts</a></li><li><a href="#Deployment_on_Tomcat_startup">Deployment on Tomcat startup</a></li><li><a href="#Deploying_on_a_running_Tomcat_server">Deploying on a running Tomcat server</a></li><li><a href="#Deploying_using_the_Tomcat_Manager">Deploying using the Tomcat Manager</a></li><li><a href="#Deploying_using_the_Client_Deployer_Package">Deploying using the Client Deployer Package</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+        <p>
+            Deployment is the term used for the process of installing a web
+            application (either a 3rd party WAR or your own custom web application)
+            into the Tomcat server.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Web application deployment may be accomplished in a number of ways
+            within the Tomcat server.
+        </p>
+        <ul>
+                <li>Statically; the web application is setup before Tomcat is started</li>
+                <li>
+                    Dynamically; by directly manipulating already deployed web
+                    applications (relying on <em>auto-deployment</em>
+                    feature) or remotely by using the Tomcat Manager web
+                    application
+                </li>
+        </ul>
+        <p>
+            The <a href="manager-howto.html">Tomcat Manager</a> is a web
+            application that can be used interactively (via HTML GUI) or
+            programmatically (via URL-based API) to deploy and manage web
+            applications.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            There are a number of ways to perform deployment that rely on
+            the Manager web application. Apache Tomcat provides tasks
+            for Apache Ant build tool.
+            <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/maven-plugin.html">Apache Tomcat Maven Plugin</a>
+            project provides integration with Apache Maven.
+            There is also a tool called the Client Deployer, which can be
+            used from a command line and provides additional functionality
+            such as compiling and validating web applications as well as
+            packaging web application into web application resource (WAR)
+            files.
+        </p>
+    </div><h3 id="Installation">Installation</h3><div class="text">
+        <p>
+            There is no installation required for static deployment of web
+            applications as this is provided out of the box by Tomcat. Nor is any
+            installation required for deployment functions with the Tomcat Manager,
+            although some configuration is required as detailed in the
+            <a href="manager-howto.html">Tomcat Manager manual</a>.
+            An installation is however required if you wish
+            to use the Tomcat Client Deployer (TCD).
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            The TCD is not packaged with the Tomcat core
+            distribution, and must therefore be downloaded separately from
+            the Downloads area. The download is usually labelled
+            <i>apache-tomcat-9.0.x-deployer</i>.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            TCD has prerequisites of Apache Ant 1.6.2+ and a Java installation.
+            Your environment should define an ANT_HOME environment value pointing to
+            the root of your Ant installation, and a JAVA_HOME value pointing to
+            your Java installation. Additionally, you should ensure Ant's ant
+            command, and the Java javac compiler command run from the command shell
+            that your operating system provides.
+        </p>
+        <ol>
+            <li>Download the TCD distribution</li>
+            <li>
+                The TCD package need not be extracted into any existing Tomcat
+                installation, it can be extracted to any location.
+            </li>
+            <li>Read Using the <a href="#Deploying_using_the_Client_Deployer_Package">
+            Tomcat Client Deployer</a></li>
+        </ol>
+    </div><h3 id="A_word_on_Contexts">A word on Contexts</h3><div class="text">
+        <p>
+            In talking about deployment of web applications, the concept of a
+            <i>Context</i> is required to be understood. A Context is what Tomcat
+            calls a web application.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            In order to configure a Context within Tomcat a <i>Context Descriptor</i>
+            is required. A Context Descriptor is simply an XML file that contains
+            Tomcat related configuration for a Context, e.g naming resources or
+            session manager configuration. In earlier versions of
+            Tomcat the content of a Context Descriptor configuration was often stored within
+            Tomcat's primary configuration file <i>server.xml</i> but this is now
+            discouraged (although it currently still works).
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Context Descriptors not only help Tomcat to know how to configure
+            Contexts but other tools such as the Tomcat Manager and TCD often use
+            these Context Descriptors to perform their roles properly.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            The locations for Context Descriptors are:
+        </p>
+        <ol>
+                <li>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/[webappname].xml</li>
+                <li>$CATALINA_BASE/webapps/[webappname]/META-INF/context.xml</li>
+        </ol>
+        <p>
+            Files in (1) are named [webappname].xml but files in (2) are named
+            context.xml. If a Context Descriptor is not provided for a Context,
+            Tomcat configures the Context using default values.
+        </p>
+    </div><h3 id="Deployment_on_Tomcat_startup">Deployment on Tomcat startup</h3><div class="text">
+        <p>
+            If you are not interested in using the Tomcat Manager, or TCD,
+            then you'll need to deploy your web applications
+            statically to Tomcat, followed by a Tomcat startup. The location you
+            deploy web applications to for this type of deployment is called the
+            <code>appBase</code> which is specified per Host. You either copy a
+            so-called <i>exploded web application</i>, i.e non-compressed, to this
+            location, or a compressed web application resource .WAR file.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            The web applications present in the location specified by the Host's
+            (default Host is "localhost") <code>appBase</code> attribute (default
+            appBase is "$CATALINA_BASE/webapps") will be deployed on Tomcat startup
+            only if the Host's <code>deployOnStartup</code> attribute is "true".
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            The following deployment sequence will occur on Tomcat startup in that
+            case:
+        </p>
+        <ol>
+            <li>Any Context Descriptors will be deployed first.</li>
+            <li>
+                Exploded web applications not referenced by any Context
+                Descriptor will then be deployed. If they have an associated
+                .WAR file in the appBase and it is newer than the exploded web application,
+                the exploded directory will be removed and the webapp will be
+                redeployed from the .WAR
+            </li>
+            <li>.WAR files will be deployed</li>
+        </ol>
+    </div><h3 id="Deploying_on_a_running_Tomcat_server">Deploying on a running Tomcat server</h3><div class="text">
+        <p>
+            It is possible to deploy web applications to a running Tomcat server.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            If the Host <code>autoDeploy</code> attribute is "true", the Host will
+            attempt to deploy and update web applications dynamically, as needed,
+            for example if a new .WAR is dropped into the <code>appBase</code>.
+            For this to work, the Host needs to have background processing
+            enabled which is the default configuration.
+        </p>
+
+        <p>
+            <code>autoDeploy</code> set to "true" and a running Tomcat allows for:
+        </p>
+        <ul>
+            <li>Deployment of .WAR files copied into the Host <code>appBase</code>.</li>
+            <li>
+                Deployment of exploded web applications which are
+                copied into the Host <code>appBase</code>.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                Re-deployment of a web application which has already been deployed from
+                a .WAR when the new .WAR is provided. In this case the exploded
+                web application is removed, and the .WAR is expanded again.
+                Note that the explosion will not occur if the Host is configured
+                so that .WARs are not exploded with a <code>unpackWARs</code>
+                attribute set to "false", in which case the web application
+                will be simply redeployed as a compressed archive.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                Re-loading of a web application if the /WEB-INF/web.xml file (or
+                any other resource defined as a WatchedResource) is updated.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                Re-deployment of a web application if the Context Descriptor
+                file from which the web application has been deployed is
+                updated.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                Re-deployment of dependent web applications if the global or
+                per-host Context Descriptor file used by the web application is
+                updated.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                Re-deployment of a web application if a Context Descriptor file (with a
+                filename corresponding to the Context path of the previously deployed
+                web application) is added to the
+                <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/</code>
+                directory.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                Undeployment of a web application if its document base (docBase)
+                is deleted. Note that on Windows, this assumes that anti-locking
+                features (see Context configuration) are enabled, otherwise it is not
+                possible to delete the resources of a running web application.
+            </li>
+        </ul>
+        <p>
+            Note that web application reloading can also be configured in the loader, in which
+            case loaded classes will be tracked for changes.
+        </p>
+    </div><h3 id="Deploying_using_the_Tomcat_Manager">Deploying using the Tomcat Manager</h3><div class="text">
+        <p>
+            The Tomcat Manager is covered in its <a href="manager-howto.html">own manual page</a>.
+        </p>
+    </div><h3 id="Deploying_using_the_Client_Deployer_Package">Deploying using the Client Deployer Package</h3><div class="text">
+        <p>
+            Finally, deployment of web application may be achieved using the
+            Tomcat Client Deployer. This is a package which can be used to
+            validate, compile, compress to .WAR, and deploy web applications to
+            production or development Tomcat servers. It should be noted that this feature
+            uses the Tomcat Manager and as such the target Tomcat server should be
+            running.
+        </p>
+
+        <p>
+            It is assumed the user will be familiar with Apache Ant for using the TCD.
+            Apache Ant is a scripted build tool. The TCD comes pre-packaged with a
+            build script to use. Only a modest understanding of Apache Ant is
+            required (installation as listed earlier in this page, and familiarity
+            with using the operating system command shell and configuring
+            environment variables).
+        </p>
+
+        <p>
+            The TCD includes Ant tasks, the Jasper page compiler for JSP compilation
+            before deployment, as well as a task which
+            validates the web application Context Descriptor. The validator task (class
+            <code>org.apache.catalina.ant.ValidatorTask</code>) allows only one parameter:
+            the base path of an exploded web application.
+        </p>
+
+        <p>
+            The TCD uses an exploded web application as input (see the list of the
+            properties used below). A web application that is programmatically
+            deployed with the deployer may include a Context Descriptor in
+            <code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>.
+        </p>
+
+        <p>
+            The TCD includes a ready-to-use Ant script, with the following targets:
+        </p>
+        <ul>
+            <li>
+                <code>compile</code> (default): Compile and validate the web
+                application. This can be used standalone, and does not need a running
+                Tomcat server. The compiled application will only run on the associated
+                <em>Tomcat&nbsp;X.Y.Z</em> server release, and is not guaranteed to work
+                on another Tomcat release, as the code generated by Jasper depends on its runtime
+                component. It should also be noted that this target will also compile
+                automatically any Java source file located in the
+                <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> folder of the web application.</li>
+            <li>
+                <code>deploy</code>: Deploy a web application (compiled or not) to
+                a Tomcat server.
+            </li>
+            <li><code>undeploy</code>: Undeploy a web application</li>
+            <li><code>start</code>: Start web application</li>
+            <li><code>reload</code>: Reload web application</li>
+            <li><code>stop</code>: Stop web application</li>
+        </ul>
+
+        <p>
+            In order for the deployment to be configured, create a file
+            called <code>deployer.properties</code> in the TCD installation
+            directory root. In this file, add the following name=value pairs per
+            line:
+        </p>
+
+        <p>
+            Additionally, you will need to ensure that a user has been
+            setup for the target Tomcat Manager (which TCD uses) otherwise the TCD
+            will not authenticate with the Tomcat Manager and the deployment will
+            fail. To do this, see the Tomcat Manager page.
+        </p>
+
+        <ul>
+            <li>
+                <code>build</code>: The build folder used will be, by default,
+                <code>${build}/webapp/${path}</code> (<code>${build}</code>, by
+                default, points to <code>${basedir}/build</code>). After the end
+                of the execution of the <code>compile</code> target, the web
+                application .WAR will be located at
+                <code>${build}/webapp/${path}.war</code>.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                <code>webapp</code>: The directory containing the exploded web application
+                which will be compiled and validated. By default, the folder is
+                <code>myapp</code>.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                <code>path</code>: Deployed context path of the web application,
+                by default <code>/myapp</code>.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                <code>url</code>: Absolute URL to the Tomcat Manager web application of a
+                running Tomcat server, which will be used to deploy and undeploy the
+                web application. By default, the deployer will attempt to access
+                a Tomcat instance running on localhost, at
+                <code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</code>.
+            </li>
+            <li>
+                <code>username</code>: Tomcat Manager username (user should have a role of
+                manager-script)
+            </li>
+            <li><code>password</code>: Tomcat Manager password.</li>
+        </ul>
+    </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/developers.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/developers.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a500b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/developers.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Tomcat Developers</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Tomcat Developers</h2><h3 id="Active_Developers">Active Developers</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      The list indicates the developers' main areas of interest. Feel free to
+      add to the list :) The developers email addresses are
+      <code>[login]@apache.org</code>. Please <strong>do not</strong> contact
+      developers directly for any support issues (please post to the
+      tomcat-users mailing list instead, or one of the other support
+      resources; some organizations and individual consultants also offer
+      for pay Tomcat support, as listed on the
+      <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/SupportAndTraining">support and
+      training</a> page on the Tomcat Wiki).
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>Bill Barker (billbarker): Connectors</li>
+      <li>Costin Manolache (costin): Catalina, Connectors</li>
+      <li>Filip Hanik (fhanik): Clustering, Release Manager</li>
+      <li>Jean-Frederic Clere (jfclere): Connectors</li>
+      <li>Jim Jagielski (jim): Connectors</li>
+      <li>Konstantin Kolinko (kkolinko): Catalina</li>
+      <li>Mark Thomas (markt): CGI, SSI, WebDAV, bug fixing</li>
+      <li>Mladen Turk (mturk): Connectors</li>
+      <li>Peter Rossbach (pero): Catalina, Clustering, JMX</li>
+      <li>Rainer Jung (rjung): Catalina, Clustering, Connectors</li>
+      <li>Remy Maucherat (remm): Catalina, Connectors, Docs</li>
+      <li>Tim Funk (funkman): Catalina, Docs</li>
+      <li>Tim Whittington (timw): Connectors</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Retired_Developers">Retired Developers</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>Amy Roh (amyroh): Catalina</li>
+      <li>Glenn Nielsen (glenn): Catalina, Connectors</li>
+      <li>Henri Gomez (hgomez): Connectors</li>
+      <li>Jan Luehe (luehe): Jasper</li>
+      <li>Jean-Francois Arcand (jfarcand): Catalina</li>
+      <li>Kin-Man Chung (kinman): Jasper</li>
+      <li>Yoav Shapira (yoavs): Docs, JMX, Catalina, balancer</li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/elapi/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/elapi/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdf47f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/elapi/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>API docs</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+The EL Javadoc is not installed by default. Download and install
+the "fulldocs" package to get it.
+
+You can also access the javadoc online in the Tomcat
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/">
+documentation bundle</a>.
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/graal.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/graal.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..963e69c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/graal.html
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Ahead of Time compilation support</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Ahead of Time compilation support</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Setup">Setup</a></li><li><a href="#Packaging_and_Building">Packaging and Building</a></li><li><a href="#Native_image_configuration">Native image configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Building_the_native_image">Building the native image</a></li><li><a href="#Compatibility">Compatibility</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    Tomcat supports using the GraalVM/Mandrel Native Image tool to produce
+    a native binary including the container. This documentation page
+    describes the build process of such an image.
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Setup">Setup</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    The native image tool is much easier to use with single JARs, as a result
+    the process will use the Maven shade plugin JAR packaging (fat JAR). The
+    idea is to produce a single JAR that contains all necessary classes from
+    Tomcat, the webapps and all additional dependencies. Although Tomcat has
+    received compatibility fixes to support native images, any library
+    may not be compatible and may require replacement code (the GraalVM
+    documentation has more details about this).
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Download and install GraalVM or Mandrel.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+   If using GraalVM, the first step is then to add the Native Image tool.
+   <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>export JAVA_HOME=/absolute...path...to/graalvm-ce-javaX-x.y.z
+cd $JAVA_HOME/bin
+./gu install native-image</code></pre></div>
+   Mandrel already includes the Native Image tool ready to use, so this
+   step can be skipped. Only JAVA_HOME must be set to the folder which
+   contains the bin folder with the JVM binaries, such as:
+   <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>export JAVA_HOME=/absolute...path...to/mandrel-javaXX-platform-x.x.x.x/mandrelJDK</code></pre></div>
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Download the Tomcat Stuffed module from
+    https://github.com/apache/tomcat/tree/main/modules/stuffed and place
+    all the files in a folder <code>stuffed</code> in this documentation.
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>export TOMCAT_STUFFED=/absolute...path...to/stuffed</code></pre></div>
+    The build process now requires both Ant and Maven.
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Packaging_and_Building">Packaging and Building</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    Inside the tomcat-stuffed folder, the directory structure is the same as for
+    regular Tomcat. The main configuration files are placed in the conf folder,
+    and if using the default server.xml the webapps are placed in the webapps
+    folder.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    The first step is to build the fat Tomcat JAR with all dependencies.
+    Any JSP in the webapp must all be precompiled and packaged.
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd $TOMCAT_STUFFED
+mvn package
+ant -Dwebapp.name=somewebapp -f webapp-jspc.ant.xml</code></pre></div>
+    Dependencies for the webapp should now be added to the main pom.xml,
+    following with building the complete fat JAR.
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>mvn package</code></pre></div>
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    As it is best to avoid using reflection whenever possible with Ahead of
+    Time compilation, it can be a good idea to generate and compile Tomcat
+    Embedded code out of the main server.xml configuration as well as the
+    context.xml files used to configure the contexts.
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/java\
+        -Dcatalina.base=. -Djava.util.logging.config.file=conf/logging.properties\
+        -jar target/tomcat-stuffed-1.0.jar --catalina -generateCode src/main/java
+mvn package</code></pre></div>
+    The rest of the process described here will assume this step was done and
+    the <code>--catalina -useGeneratedCode</code> arguments are added to the
+    command lines. If this was not the case, they should be removed.
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Native_image_configuration">Native image configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    Native images do not support any form of dynamic classloading or
+    reflection unless it is defined explicitly in descriptors. Generating
+    them uses a tracing agent from the GraalVM, and needs additional manual
+    configuration in some cases.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Run the GraalVM substrate VM using the trace agent:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/java\
+        -agentlib:native-image-agent=config-output-dir=$TOMCAT_STUFFED/target/\
+        -Dorg.graalvm.nativeimage.imagecode=agent\
+        -Dcatalina.base=. -Djava.util.logging.config.file=conf/logging.properties\
+        -jar target/tomcat-stuffed-1.0.jar --catalina -useGeneratedCode</code></pre></div>
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Now all paths from the webapp that lead to dynamic classloading
+    (ex: Servlet access, websockets, etc) need to be accessed using a script
+    that will exercise the webapp. Servlets may be loaded on startup
+    instead of needing an actual access. Listeners may also be used to load
+    additional classes on startup.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    The descriptors have now been generated in the agent output directory.
+    At this point, further configuration must be made to add items that are
+    not traced, including: base interfaces, resource bundles, BeanInfo based
+    reflection, etc. Please refer to the Graal documentation for more
+    information on this process.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Even though all classes that are used have to be complied AOT into the
+    native image, webapps must still be left unchanged, and continue including
+    all needed classes and JARs in the <code>WEB-INF</code> folder. Although
+    these classes will not actually be run or loaded, access to them is
+    required.
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Building_the_native_image">Building the native image</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    If everything has been done properly, the native image can now be built
+    using the native-image tool.
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/native-image --no-server\
+        --allow-incomplete-classpath --enable-https\
+        --initialize-at-build-time=org.eclipse.jdt,org.apache.el.parser.SimpleNode,javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory,org.apache.jasper.servlet.JasperInitializer,org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspFactoryImpl\
+        -H:+JNI -H:+ReportUnsupportedElementsAtRuntime\
+        -H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces -H:EnableURLProtocols=http,https,jar,jrt\
+        -H:ConfigurationFileDirectories=$TOMCAT_STUFFED/target/\
+        -H:ReflectionConfigurationFiles=$TOMCAT_STUFFED/tomcat-reflection.json\
+        -H:ResourceConfigurationFiles=$TOMCAT_STUFFED/tomcat-resource.json\
+        -H:JNIConfigurationFiles=$TOMCAT_STUFFED/tomcat-jni.json\
+        -jar $TOMCAT_STUFFED/target/tomcat-stuffed-1.0.jar</code></pre></div>
+    The additional <code>--static</code> parameter enables static linking of
+    glibc, zlib and libstd++ in the generated binary.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Running the native image is then:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>./tomcat-stuffed-1.0 -Dcatalina.base=. -Djava.util.logging.config.file=conf/logging.properties --catalina -useGeneratedCode</code></pre></div>
+  </p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Compatibility">Compatibility</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    Servlets, JSPs, EL, websockets, the Tomcat container, tomcat-native, HTTP/2
+    are all supported out of the box in a native image.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    At the time of writing this documentation, JULI is not supported as the
+    log manager configuration property is not supported by Graal, in addition
+    to some static initializer problems, and the regular java.util.logging
+    loggers and implementation should be used instead.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    If using the default server.xml file, some Server listeners have
+    to be removed from the configuration as they are not compatible with native
+    images, such as a JMX listener (JMX is unsupported) and leak prevention
+    listeners (use of internal code that does not exist in Graal).
+  </p>
+
+  <p>
+    Missing items for better Tomcat functionality:
+    <ul>
+      <li><a href="https://github.com/oracle/graal/issues/2103">JMX</a>:
+        The usual monitoring and management is not usable</li>
+      <li>java.util.logging LogManager: Configuration through a system property
+        is not implemented, so standard java.util.logging must be used instead
+        of JULI</li>
+      <li>Static linking configuration: tomcat-native cannot be statically
+        linked</li>
+    </ul>
+  </p>
+
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/host-manager-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/host-manager-howto.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10ac618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/host-manager-howto.html
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Host Manager App -- Text Interface</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Host Manager App -- Text Interface</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+  <ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Manager_Application_Access">Configuring Manager Application Access</a></li><li><a href="#List_of_Commands">List of Commands</a><ol><li><a href="#List_command">List command</a></li><li><a href="#Add_command">Add command</a></li><li><a href="#Remove_command">Remove command</a></li><li><a href="#Start_command">Start command</a></li><li><a href="#Stop_command">Stop command</a></li><li><a href="#Persist_command">Persist command</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    The <strong>Tomcat Host Manager</strong> application enables you to create,
+    delete, and otherwise manage virtual hosts within Tomcat. This how-to guide
+    is best accompanied by the following pieces of documentation:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+    <li>
+      <a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">Virtual Hosting How-To</a> for more
+      information about virtual hosting.
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <a href="config/host.html">The Host Container</a> for more information
+      about the underlying xml configuration of virtual hosts and description
+      of attributes.
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>
+    The <strong>Tomcat Host Manager</strong> application is a part of
+    Tomcat installation, by default available using the following
+    context: <code>/host-manager</code>. You can use the host manager in the
+    following ways:
+  </p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>
+      Utilizing the graphical user interface, accessible at:
+      <code>{server}:{port}/host-manager/html</code>.
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      Utilizing a set of minimal HTTP requests suitable for scripting.
+      You can access this mode at:
+      <code>{server}:{port}/host-manager/text</code>.
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>
+    Both ways enable you to add, remove, start, and stop virtual hosts. Changes
+    may be persisted by using the <code>persist</code> command. This document
+    focuses on the text interface. For further information about the graphical
+    interface, see
+    <a href="html-host-manager-howto.html">Host Manager App -- HTML Interface</a>.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Configuring_Manager_Application_Access">Configuring Manager Application Access</h3><div class="text">
+  <p><em>The description below uses <code>$CATALINA_HOME</code> to refer the
+    base Tomcat directory. It is the directory in which you installed
+    Tomcat, for example <code>C:\tomcat9</code>, or
+    <code>/usr/share/tomcat9</code>.</em></p>
+
+  <p>
+    The Host Manager application requires a user with one of the following
+    roles:
+  </p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>
+      <code>admin-gui</code> - use this role for the graphical web interface.
+    </li>
+    <li>
+      <code>admin-script</code> - use this role for the scripting web interface.
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>
+    To enable access to the text interface of the Host Manager application,
+    either grant your Tomcat user the appropriate role, or create a new one with
+    the correct role. For example, open
+    <code>${CATALINA_BASE}/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code> and enter the following:
+  </p>
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;user username="test" password="chang3m3N#w" roles="admin-script"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  <p>
+    No further settings is needed. When you now access
+    <code>{server}:{port}/host-manager/text/${COMMAND}</code>,you are able to
+    log in with the created credentials. For example:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$ curl -u ${USERNAME}:${PASSWORD} http://localhost:8080/host-manager/text/list
+OK - Listed hosts
+localhost:</code></pre></div>
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    If you are using a different realm you will need to add the necessary role
+    to the appropriate user(s) using the standard user management tools for that
+    realm.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="List_of_Commands">List of Commands</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>The following commands are supported:</p>
+  <ul>
+    <li>list</li>
+    <li>add</li>
+    <li>remove</li>
+    <li>start</li>
+    <li>stop</li>
+    <li>persist</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>
+    In the following subsections, the username and password is assumed to be
+    <b>test:test</b>. For your environment, use credentials created in the
+    previous sections.
+  </p>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="List_command">List command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Use the <b>list</b> command to see the available virtual hosts on your
+      Tomcat instance.
+    </p>
+    <p><i>Example command</i>:</p>
+    <code>curl -u test:test http://localhost:8080/host-manager/text/list</code>
+    <p><i>Example response</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Listed hosts
+localhost:</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Add_command">Add command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Use the <b>add</b> command to add a new virtual host. Parameters used
+      for the <b>add</b> command:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>String <b>name</b>: Name of the virtual host. <b>REQUIRED</b></li>
+      <li>String <b>aliases</b>: Aliases for your virtual host.</li>
+      <li>String <b>appBase</b>: Base path for the application that will be
+      served by this virtual host. Provide relative or absolute path.</li>
+      <li>Boolean <b>manager</b>: If true, the Manager app is added to the
+      virtual host. You can access it with the <i>/manager</i> context.</li>
+      <li>Boolean <b>autoDeploy</b>: If true, Tomcat automatically redeploys
+      applications placed in the appBase directory.</li>
+      <li>Boolean <b>deployOnStartup</b>: If true, Tomcat automatically deploys
+      applications placed in the appBase directory on startup.</li>
+      <li>Boolean <b>deployXML</b>: If true, the <i>/META-INF/context.xml</i>
+      file is read and used by Tomcat.</li>
+      <li>Boolean <b>copyXML</b>: If true, Tomcat copies <i>/META-INF/context.xml</i>
+      file and uses the original copy regardless of updates to the application's
+      <i>/META-INF/context.xml</i> file.</li>
+    </ul>
+    <p><i>Example command</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>curl -u test:test http://localhost:8080/host-manager/text/add?name=www.awesomeserver.com&amp;aliases=awesomeserver.com&amp;appBase/mnt/appDir&amp;deployOnStartup=true</code></pre></div>
+    <p><i>Example response</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>add: Adding host [www.awesomeserver.com]</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Remove_command">Remove command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Use the <b>remove</b> command to remove a virtual host. Parameters used
+      for the <b>remove</b> command:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>String <b>name</b>: Name of the virtual host to be removed.
+      <b>REQUIRED</b></li>
+    </ul>
+    <p><i>Example command</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>curl -u test:test http://localhost:8080/host-manager/text/remove?name=www.awesomeserver.com</code></pre></div>
+    <p><i>Example response</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>remove: Removing host [www.awesomeserver.com]</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Start_command">Start command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Use the <b>start</b> command to start a virtual host. Parameters used
+      for the <b>start</b> command:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>String <b>name</b>: Name of the virtual host to be started.
+      <b>REQUIRED</b></li>
+    </ul>
+    <p><i>Example command</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>curl -u test:test http://localhost:8080/host-manager/text/start?name=www.awesomeserver.com</code></pre></div>
+    <p><i>Example response</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Host www.awesomeserver.com started</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Stop_command">Stop command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Use the <b>stop</b> command to stop a virtual host. Parameters used
+      for the <b>stop</b> command:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>String <b>name</b>: Name of the virtual host to be stopped.
+      <b>REQUIRED</b></li>
+    </ul>
+    <p><i>Example command</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>curl -u test:test http://localhost:8080/host-manager/text/stop?name=www.awesomeserver.com</code></pre></div>
+    <p><i>Example response</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Host www.awesomeserver.com stopped</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Persist_command">Persist command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Use the <b>persist</b> command to persist a virtual host into
+      <b>server.xml</b>. Parameters used for the <b>persist</b> command:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>String <b>name</b>: Name of the virtual host to be persist.
+      <b>REQUIRED</b></li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>
+      This functionality is disabled by default. To enable this option, you must
+      configure the <code>StoreConfigLifecycleListener</code> listener first.
+      To do so, add the following listener to your <i>server.xml</i>:
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p><i>Example command</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>curl -u test:test http://localhost:8080/host-manager/text/persist?name=www.awesomeserver.com</code></pre></div>
+    <p><i>Example response</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Configuration persisted</code></pre></div>
+    <p><i>Example manual entry</i>:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Host appBase="www.awesomeserver.com" name="www.awesomeserver.com" deployXML="false" unpackWARs="false"&gt;
+&lt;/Host&gt;</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/html-host-manager-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/html-host-manager-howto.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bd44bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/html-host-manager-howto.html
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Host Manager App -- HTML Interface</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Host Manager App -- HTML Interface</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+    <ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Manager_Application_Access">Configuring Manager Application Access</a></li><li><a href="#Interface_Description">Interface Description</a></li><li><a href="#Message">Message</a></li><li><a href="#Host_Manager">Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="#Host_Name">Host Name</a></li><li><a href="#Add_Virtual_Host">Add Virtual Host</a></li><li><a href="#Persist_Configuration">Persist Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Server_Information">Server Information</a></li></ul>
+  </div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      The <strong>Tomcat Host Manager</strong> application enables you to create,
+      delete, and otherwise manage virtual hosts within Tomcat. This how-to guide
+      is best accompanied by the following pieces of documentation:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        <a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">Virtual Hosting How-To</a> for more
+        information about virtual hosting.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="config/host.html">The Host Container</a> for more information
+        about the underlying xml configuration of virtual hosts and description
+        of attributes.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="host-manager-howto.html">Host Manager App -- Text Interface</a>
+        for full description of the commands.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      The <strong>Tomcat Host Manager</strong> application is a part of
+      Tomcat installation, by default available using the following
+      context: <code>/host-manager</code>. You can use the host manager in the
+      following ways:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Utilizing the graphical user interface, accessible at:
+        <code>{server}:{port}/host-manager/html</code>.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Utilizing a set of minimal HTTP requests suitable for scripting.
+        You can access this mode at:
+        <code>{server}:{port}/host-manager/text</code>.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>
+      Both ways enable you to add, remove, start, and stop virtual hosts.
+      Changes may be persisted by using the <code>persist</code> command. This
+      document focuses on the HTML interface. For further information about the
+      graphical interface, see
+      <a href="host-manager-howto.html">Host Manager App -- Text Interface</a>.
+    </p>
+  </div><h3 id="Configuring_Manager_Application_Access">Configuring Manager Application Access</h3><div class="text">
+    <p><em>The description below uses <code>$CATALINA_HOME</code> to refer the
+      base Tomcat directory. It is the directory in which you installed
+      Tomcat, for example <code>C:\tomcat9</code>, or
+      <code>/usr/share/tomcat9</code>.</em></p>
+
+    <p>
+      The Host Manager application requires a user with one of the following
+      roles:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        <code>admin-gui</code> - use this role for the graphical web interface.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <code>admin-script</code> - use this role for the scripting web interface.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      To enable access to the HTML interface of the Host Manager application,
+      either grant your Tomcat user the appropriate role, or create a new one with
+      the correct role. For example, open
+      <code>${CATALINA_BASE}/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code> and enter the following:
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;user username="test" password="chang3m3N#w" roles="admin-gui"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+      No further settings is needed. When you now access
+      <code>{server}:{port}/host-manager/html</code>,you are able to
+      log in with the created credentials.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If you are using a different realm you will need to add the necessary role
+      to the appropriate user(s) using the standard user management tools for
+      that realm.
+    </p>
+  </div><h3 id="Interface_Description">Interface Description</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>The interface is divided into six sections:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><strong>Message</strong> - Displays success and failure messages.</li>
+      <li><strong>Host Manager</strong> - Provides basic Host Manager operations
+      , like list and help.</li>
+      <li><strong>Host name</strong> - Provides a list of virtual Host Names and
+      enables you to operate them. </li>
+      <li><strong>Add Virtual Host</strong> - Enables you to add a new Virtual
+      Host.</li>
+      <li><strong>Persist configuration</strong> - Enables you to persist your
+      current Virtual Hosts.</li>
+      <li><strong>Server Information</strong> - Information about the Tomcat
+          server.</li>
+    </ul>
+  </div><h3 id="Message">Message</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+  Displays information about the success or failure of the last Host Manager
+  command you performed:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+    <li>Success: <strong>OK</strong> is displayed
+    and may be followed by a success message.</li>
+    <li>Failure: <strong>FAIL</strong>
+    is displayed followed by an error message.</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>
+    Note that the console of your Tomcat server may reveal more information
+    about each command.
+  </p>
+  </div><h3 id="Host_Manager">Host Manager</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The Host Manager section enables you to:</p>
+  <ul>
+    <li><strong>List Virtual Hosts</strong> - Refresh a list of
+    currently-configured virtual hosts.</li>
+    <li><strong>HTML Host Manager Help</strong> - A documentation link.</li>
+    <li><strong>Host Manager Help</strong> - A documentation link.</li>
+    <li><strong>Server Status</strong> - A link to the <strong>Manager</strong>
+    application. Note that you user must have sufficient permissions to access
+    the application.</li>
+  </ul>
+  </div><h3 id="Host_Name">Host Name</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The Host name section contains a list of currently-configured virtual host
+    names. It enables you to:</p>
+  <ul>
+    <li>View the host names</li>
+    <li>View the host name aliases</li>
+    <li>Perform basic commands, that is <strong>start</strong>,
+    <strong>stop</strong>, and <strong>remove</strong>.</li>
+  </ul>
+  </div><h3 id="Add_Virtual_Host">Add Virtual Host</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The Add Virtual Host section enables you to add a virtual host using a
+  graphical interface. For a description of each property, see the
+  <a href="host-manager-howto.html">Host Manager App -- Text Interface</a>
+  documentation. Note that any configuration added via this interface is
+  non-persistent.</p>
+  </div><h3 id="Persist_Configuration">Persist Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The Persist Configuration section enables you to persist your current
+  configuration into the <i>server.xml</i> file.</p>
+
+  <p> This functionality is disabled by default. To enable this option, you must
+  configure the <code>StoreConfigLifecycleListener</code> listener first.
+  To do so, add the following listener to your <i>server.xml</i>:</p>
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>After you configure the listener, click <strong>All</strong> to make your
+  configuration persistent.</p>
+  </div><h3 id="Server_Information">Server Information</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Provides a basic information about the currently-running Tomcat instance,
+      the JVM, and the underlying operating system.
+    </p>
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Tomcat Web Application Manager How To</title><meta name="author" content="Glenn L. Nielsen"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Tomcat Web Application Manager How To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Message">Message</a></li><li><a href="#Manager">Manager</a></li><li><a href="#Applications">Applications</a><ol><li><a href="#Start">Start</a></li><li><a href="#Stop">Stop</a></li><li><a href="#Reload">Reload</a></li><li><a href="#Undeploy">Undeploy</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Deploy">Deploy</a><ol><li><a href="#Deploy_directory_or_WAR_file_located_on_server">Deploy directory or WAR file located on server</a><ol><li><a href="#Deploy_a_Directory_or_WAR_by_URL">Deploy a Directory or WAR by URL</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_a_Directory_or_War_from_the_Host_appBase">Deploy a Directory or War from the Host appBase</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_using_a_Context_configuration_%22.xml%22_file">Deploy using a Context configuration ".xml" file</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Upload_a_WAR_file_to_install">Upload a WAR file to install</a></li><li><a href="#Deployment_Notes">Deployment Notes</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_Message">Deploy Message</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a><ol><li><a href="#Finding_memory_leaks">Finding memory leaks</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Server_Information">Server Information</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>In many production environments it is very useful to have the capability
+to manage your web applications without having to shut down and restart
+Tomcat.  This document is for the HTML web interface to the web application
+<a href="manager-howto.html">manager</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The interface is divided into six sections:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li><strong>Message</strong> - Displays success and failure messages.</li>
+  <li><strong>Manager</strong> - General manager operations like list and
+      help.</li>
+  <li><strong>Applications</strong> - List of web applications and
+      commands.</li>
+  <li><strong>Deploy</strong> - Deploying web applications.</li>
+  <li><strong>Diagnostics</strong> - Identifying potential problems.</li>
+  <li><strong>Server Information</strong> - Information about the Tomcat
+      server.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Message">Message</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+Displays information about the success or failure of the last web application
+manager command you performed. If it succeeded <strong>OK</strong> is displayed
+and may be followed by a success message. If it failed <strong>FAIL</strong>
+is displayed followed by an error message. Common failure messages are
+documented below for each command.  The complete list of failure messages for
+each command can be found in the <a href="manager-howto.html">manager</a> web
+application documentation.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Manager">Manager</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The Manager section has three links:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li><strong>List Applications</strong> - Redisplay a list of web
+      applications.</li>
+  <li><strong>HTML Manager Help</strong> - A link to this document.</li>
+  <li><strong>Manager Help</strong> - A link to the comprehensive Manager
+      App HOW TO.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Applications">Applications</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The Applications section lists information about all the installed web
+applications and provides links for managing them. For each web application
+the following is displayed:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li><strong>Path</strong> - The web application context path.</li>
+  <li><strong>Display Name</strong> - The display name for the web application
+      if it has one configured in its "web.xml" file.</li>
+  <li><strong>Running</strong> - Whether the web application is running and
+      available (true), or not running and unavailable (false).</li>
+  <li><strong>Sessions</strong> - The number of active sessions for remote
+      users of this web application.  The number of sessions is a link which
+      when submitted displays more details about session usage by the web
+      application in the Message box.</li>
+  <li><strong>Commands</strong> - Lists all commands which can be performed on
+      the web application. Only those commands which can be performed will be
+      listed as a link which can be submitted. No commands can be performed on
+      the manager web application itself. The following commands can be
+      performed:
+      <ul>
+        <li><strong>Start</strong> - Start a web application which had been
+            stopped.</li>
+        <li><strong>Stop</strong> - Stop a web application which is currently
+            running and make it unavailable.</li>
+        <li><strong>Reload</strong> - Reload the web application so that new
+            ".jar" files in <code>/WEB-INF/lib/</code> or new classes in
+            <code>/WEB-INF/classes/</code> can be used.</li>
+        <li><strong>Undeploy</strong> - Stop and then remove this web
+             application from the server.</li>
+      </ul>
+  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Start">Start</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Signal a stopped application to restart, and make itself available again.
+Stopping and starting is useful, for example, if the database required by
+your application becomes temporarily unavailable.  It is usually better to
+stop the web application that relies on this database rather than letting
+users continuously encounter database exceptions.</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a Message like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Started application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to start the web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
+    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
+    must be a zero-length string.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
+    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
+    that you specified.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
+    <p>
+    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
+    </p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Stop">Stop</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Signal an existing application to make itself unavailable, but leave it
+deployed.  Any request that comes in while an application is
+stopped will see an HTTP error 404, and this application will show as
+"stopped" on a list applications command.</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a Message like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Stopped application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to stop the web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
+    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
+    must be a zero-length string.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
+    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
+    that you specified.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
+    <p>
+    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
+    </p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Reload">Reload</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Signal an existing application to shut itself down and reload.  This can
+be useful when the web application context is not reloadable and you have
+updated classes or property files in the <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code>
+directory or when you have added or updated jar files in the
+<code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> directory.
+</p>
+<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> The <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>
+web application configuration file is not checked on a reload;
+the previous web.xml configuration is used.
+If you have made changes to your web.xml file you must stop
+then start the web application.
+</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a Message like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+OK - Reloaded application at context path /examples
+</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to restart the web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
+    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
+    must be a zero-length string.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
+    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
+    that you specified.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The <code>path</code> parameter is required.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Reload not supported on WAR deployed at path /foo</em>
+    <p>Currently, application reloading (to pick up changes to the classes or
+    <code>web.xml</code> file) is not supported when a web application is
+    installed directly from a WAR file, which happens when the host is
+    configured to not unpack WAR files. As it only works when the web
+    application is installed from an unpacked directory, if you are using
+    a WAR file, you should <code>undeploy</code> and then <code>deploy</code>
+    the application again to pick up your changes.</p>
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Undeploy">Undeploy</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p><strong><span style="color: red;">WARNING</span> - This command will delete the
+contents of the web application directory and/or ".war" file if it exists within
+the <code>appBase</code> directory (typically "webapps") for this virtual host
+</strong>.  The web application temporary work directory is also deleted.  If
+you simply want to take an application out of service, you should use the
+<code>/stop</code> command instead.</p>
+
+<p>Signal an existing application to gracefully shut itself down, and then
+remove it from Tomcat (which also makes this context path available for
+reuse later).  This command is the logical opposite of the
+<code>/deploy</code> Ant command, and the related deploy features available
+in the HTML manager.</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a Message like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Undeployed application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to undeploy the web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
+    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
+    must be a zero-length string.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
+    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
+    that you specified.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
+    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Deploy">Deploy</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Web applications can be deployed using files or directories located
+on the Tomcat server or you can upload a web application archive (WAR)
+file to the server.</p>
+
+<p>To install an application, fill in the appropriate fields for the type
+of install you want to do and then submit it using the <i>Install</i>
+button.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_directory_or_WAR_file_located_on_server">Deploy directory or WAR file located on server</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Deploy and start a new web application, attached to the specified <i>Context
+Path:</i> (which must not be in use by any other web application).
+This command is the logical opposite of the <em>Undeploy</em> command.</p>
+
+<p>There are a number of different ways the deploy command can be used.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_a_Directory_or_WAR_by_URL">Deploy a Directory or WAR by URL</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Install a web application directory or ".war" file located on the Tomcat
+server. If no <i>Context Path</i> is specified, the directory name or the
+war file name without the ".war" extension is used as the path. The
+<i>WAR or Directory URL</i> specifies a URL (including the <code>file:</code>
+scheme) for either a directory or a web application archive (WAR) file. The
+supported syntax for a URL referring to a WAR file is described on the Javadocs
+page for the <code>java.net.JarURLConnection</code> class.  Use only URLs that
+refer to the entire WAR file.</p>
+
+<p>In this example the web application located in the directory
+<code>C:\path\to\foo</code> on the Tomcat server (running on Windows)
+is deployed as the web application context named <code>/footoo</code>.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Context Path: /footoo
+WAR or Directory URL: file:C:/path/to/foo
+</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>In this example the ".war" file <code>/path/to/bar.war</code> on the
+Tomcat server (running on Unix) is deployed as the web application
+context named <code>/bar</code>. Notice that there is no <code>path</code>
+parameter so the context path defaults to the name of the web application
+archive file without the ".war" extension.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>WAR or Directory URL: jar:file:/path/to/bar.war!/</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_a_Directory_or_War_from_the_Host_appBase">Deploy a Directory or War from the Host appBase</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Install a web application directory or ".war" file located in your Host
+appBase directory. If no <i>Context Path</i> is specified the directory name
+or the war file name without the ".war" extension is used as the path.</p>
+
+<p>In this example the web application located in a subdirectory named
+<code>foo</code> in the Host appBase directory of the Tomcat server is
+deployed as the web application context named <code>/foo</code>. Notice
+that there is no <code>path</code> parameter so the context path defaults
+to the name of the web application directory.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>WAR or Directory URL: foo</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>In this example the ".war" file <code>bar.war</code> located in your
+Host appBase directory on the Tomcat server is deployed as the web
+application context named <code>/bartoo</code>.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Context Path: /bartoo
+WAR or Directory URL: bar.war</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_using_a_Context_configuration_&quot;.xml&quot;_file">Deploy using a Context configuration ".xml" file</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>If the Host deployXML flag is set to true, you can install a web
+application using a Context configuration ".xml" file and an optional
+".war" file or web application directory. The <i>Context Path</i>
+is not used when installing a web application using a context ".xml"
+configuration file.</p>
+
+<p>A Context configuration ".xml" file can contain valid XML for a
+web application Context just as if it were configured in your
+Tomcat <code>server.xml</code> configuration file. Here is an
+example for Tomcat running on Windows:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context path="/foobar" docBase="C:\path\to\application\foobar"&gt;
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>Use of the <i>WAR or Directory URL</i> is optional. When used
+to select a web application ".war" file or directory it overrides any
+docBase configured in the context configuration ".xml" file.</p>
+
+<p>Here is an example of installing an application using a Context
+configuration ".xml" file for Tomcat running on Windows.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>XML Configuration file URL: file:C:/path/to/context.xml</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>Here is an example of installing an application using a Context
+configuration ".xml" file and a web application ".war" file located
+on the server (Tomcat running on Unix).</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>XML Configuration file URL: file:/path/to/context.xml
+WAR or Directory URL: jar:file:/path/to/bar.war!/</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Upload_a_WAR_file_to_install">Upload a WAR file to install</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Upload a WAR file from your local system and install it into the
+appBase for your Host. The name of the WAR file without the ".war"
+extension is used as the context path name.</p>
+
+<p>Use the <i>Browse</i> button to select a WAR file to upload to the
+server from your local desktop system.</p>
+
+<p>The .WAR file may include Tomcat specific deployment configuration, by
+including a Context configuration XML file in
+<code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>.</p>
+
+<p>Upload of a WAR file could fail for the following reasons:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>File uploaded must be a .war</em>
+    <p>The upload install will only accept files which have the filename
+    extension of ".war".</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>War file already exists on server</em>
+    <p>If a war file of the same name already exists in your Host's
+    appBase the upload will fail. Either undeploy the existing war file
+    from your Host's appBase or upload the new war file using a different
+    name.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>File upload failed, no file</em>
+    <p>The file upload failed, no file was received by the server.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Install Upload Failed, Exception:</em>
+    <p>The war file upload or install failed with a Java Exception.
+    The exception message will be listed.</p>
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deployment_Notes">Deployment Notes</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>If the Host is configured with unpackWARs=true and you install a war
+file, the war will be unpacked into a directory in your Host appBase
+directory.</p>
+
+<p>If the application war or directory is deployed in your Host appBase
+directory and either the Host is configured with autoDeploy=true the Context
+path must match the directory name or war file name without the ".war"
+extension.</p>
+
+<p>For security when untrusted users can manage web applications, the
+Host deployXML flag can be set to false.  This prevents untrusted users
+from installing web applications using a configuration XML file and
+also prevents them from installing application directories or ".war"
+files located outside of their Host appBase.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_Message">Deploy Message</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>If deployment and startup is successful, you will receive a Message
+like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Deployed application at context path /foo</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Application already exists at path /foo</em>
+    <p>The context paths for all currently running web applications must be
+    unique.  Therefore, you must either undeploy the existing web
+    application using this context path, or choose a different context path
+    for the new one.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Document base does not exist or is not a readable directory</em>
+    <p>The URL specified by the <i>WAR or Directory URL:</i> field must
+    identify a directory on this server that contains the "unpacked" version
+    of a web application, or the absolute URL of a web application archive
+    (WAR) file that contains this application.  Correct the value entered for
+    the <i>WAR or Directory URL:</i> field.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to start the new web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details, but likely explanations include
+    problems parsing your <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file, or missing
+    classes encountered when initializing application event listeners and
+    filters.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid application URL was specified</em>
+    <p>The URL for the <i>WAR or Directory URL:</i> field that you specified
+    was not valid.  Such URLs must start with <code>file:</code>, and URLs
+    for a WAR file must end in ".war".</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
+    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
+    must be a "/" string.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Context path must match the directory or WAR file name:</em>
+    <p>If the application war or directory is deployed in your Host appBase
+    directory and either the Host is configured with autoDeploy=true the Context
+    path must match the directory name or war file name without the ".war"
+    extension.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Only web applications in the Host web application directory can
+     be deployed</em>
+     <p>
+     If the Host deployXML flag is set to false this error will happen
+     if an attempt is made to install a web application directory or
+      ".war" file outside of the Host appBase directory.
+     </p></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Diagnostics">Diagnostics</h3><div class="text">
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Finding_memory_leaks">Finding memory leaks</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p><strong>The find leaks diagnostic triggers a full garbage collection. It
+should be used with extreme caution on production systems.</strong></p>
+
+<p>The find leaks diagnostic attempts to identify web applications that have
+caused memory leaks when they were stopped, reloaded or undeployed. Results
+should always be confirmed
+with a profiler. The diagnostic uses additional functionality provided by the
+StandardHost implementation. It will not work if a custom host is used that
+does not extend StandardHost.</p>
+
+<p>This diagnostic will list context paths for the web applications that were
+stopped, reloaded or undeployed, but which classes from the previous runs
+are still present in memory, thus being a memory leak. If an application
+has been reloaded several times, it may be listed several times.</p>
+
+<p>Explicitly triggering a full garbage collection from Java code is documented
+to be unreliable. Furthermore, depending on the JVM used, there are options to
+disable explicit GC triggering, like <code>-XX:+DisableExplicitGC</code>.
+If you want to make sure, that the diagnostics were successfully running a full GC,
+you will need to check using tools like GC logging, JConsole or similar.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Server_Information">Server Information</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>This section displays information about Tomcat, the operating system of the
+server Tomcat is hosted on, the Java Virtual Machine Tomcat is running in, the
+primary host name of the server (may not be the host name used to access Tomcat)
+and the primary IP address of the server (may not be the IP address used to
+access Tomcat).</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/code.gif b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/code.gif
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/cors-flowchart.png b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/cors-flowchart.png
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/design.gif b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/design.gif
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/docs-stylesheet.css b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/docs-stylesheet.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..768e2ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/docs-stylesheet.css
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+@charset "utf-8";
+/*
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* Fonts */
+@import url("fonts/fonts.css");
+
+/* General style */
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, th {
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+body {
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+body, input {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
+  font-size: 10.5pt;
+}
+
+code, pre {
+  font-family: Consolas, monospace;
+}
+
+img {
+  border: 0;
+}
+
+table {
+  border-collapse: collapse;
+  text-align: left;
+}
+table *:not(table) {
+  /* Prevent border-collapsing for table child elements like <div> */
+  border-collapse: separate;
+}
+
+th {
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+main {
+  /* Remove this once all IEs support <main> element */
+  display: block;
+}
+
+
+/* Layout */
+
+#wrapper {
+  min-width: 400px;
+}
+
+#header {
+  border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;
+}
+
+@media not print {
+    #header {
+        box-shadow: 0 0 7px #aaa;
+    }
+}
+
+#header > div {
+  padding-left: 15px;
+  padding-right: 15px;
+
+  /* Work-around for old browsers: */
+  background-color: #F8F3E4;
+  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #ffffff -10%, #F8F3E4 100%);
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+#header .logo {
+  float: left;
+  padding-top: 10px;
+  min-width: 190px;
+}
+
+#header .logo  img{
+  /* To avoid that the Font Descender being added to the parent div's height */
+  vertical-align: middle;
+}
+
+#header .asfLogo {
+  float: right;
+  position: relative;
+  top: 8px;
+}
+
+#header h1 {
+  margin-top: 0.6em;
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+#header .versionInfo {
+  font-size: 13pt;
+  margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+#middle {
+  display: table;
+  table-layout: fixed;
+  margin: 0;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+#middle > div { display: table-row; }
+#middle > div > div { display: table-cell; vertical-align: top; }
+
+
+
+#mainLeft {
+  width: 190px;
+}
+
+#mainLeft > div {
+  margin-top: -1px; /* to overwrite border of element above */
+  padding-left: 16px;
+  padding-right: 14px;
+  padding-top: 6px;
+  padding-bottom: 15px;
+  background-color: #F8F3E4;
+  border-right: 1px solid #bbb;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;
+  font-size: 10pt;
+  border-bottom-right-radius: 20px;
+  box-shadow: 0 0 5px #aaa;
+}
+
+#mainLeft h2 {
+  margin-bottom: 0.2em;
+  font-size: 1.2em;
+}
+
+#mainLeft ul {
+  padding: 0;
+  margin: 0;
+  list-style-type: none;
+}
+
+#mainLeft ul a {
+  text-indent: -0.6em;
+  padding-left: 1.4em;
+  display: block;
+  text-decoration: none;
+  color: #444;
+}
+#mainLeft ul a:hover {
+  color: #000;
+  background-color: #D1c9b9;
+}
+
+#mainRight {
+  padding-left: 14px;
+  padding-right: 20px;
+
+}
+
+#footer {
+  margin-top: 30px;
+  padding-top: 20px;
+  padding-bottom: 20px;
+  padding-left: 20px;
+  padding-right: 20px;
+  border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+  color: #444;
+  text-align: center;
+  /* font-style: italic; */
+  font-size: 9pt;
+}
+
+
+/* Content */
+
+#content div.text {
+  padding-left: 1em;
+  padding-left: 1em;
+}
+
+#content h3, #content h4, #content h5, #content h6 {
+  padding-left: 5px;
+  padding-right: 5px;
+  background-color: #eaeaea;
+}
+
+@media not print {
+    #content h3, #content h4, #content h5, #content h6 {
+        border: 1px solid #ccc;
+        border-radius: 4px;
+    }
+}
+
+#content h4, #content h5, #content h6 {
+  background-color: #f6f6f6;
+}
+
+code {
+  background-color: rgb(224,255,255);
+}
+
+div.codeBox pre code, code.attributeName, code.propertyName, code.noHighlight, .noHighlight code {
+  background-color: transparent;
+}
+div.codeBox {
+  overflow: auto;
+  margin: 1em 0;
+}
+div.codeBox pre {
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 4px;
+  border: 1px solid #999;
+  border-radius: 5px;
+  background-color: #eff8ff;
+  display: table; /* To prevent <pre>s from taking the complete available width. */
+  /*
+  When it is officially supported, use the following CSS instead of display: table
+  to prevent big <pre>s from exceeding the browser window:
+  max-width: available;
+  width: min-content;
+  */
+}
+
+div.codeBox pre.wrap {
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+
+table.defaultTable tr, table.detail-table tr {
+    border: 1px solid #CCC;
+}
+
+table.defaultTable tr:nth-child(even), table.detail-table tr:nth-child(even) {
+    background-color: #FAFBFF;
+}
+
+table.defaultTable tr:nth-child(odd), table.detail-table tr:nth-child(odd) {
+    background-color: #EEEFFF;
+}
+
+table.defaultTable th, table.detail-table th {
+  background-color: #88b;
+  color: #fff;
+}
+
+table.defaultTable th, table.defaultTable td, table.detail-table th, table.detail-table td {
+  padding: 5px 8px;
+}
+
+
+p.notice {
+  border: 1px solid rgb(255, 0, 0);
+  background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);
+  color: rgb(0, 51, 102);
+  padding: 0.5em;
+  margin: 1em 2em 1em 1em;
+}
+
+
+/* Changelog-Styles */
+
+ul.changelog {
+  padding-left: 1em;
+  list-style-type: none;
+}
+
+ul.changelog  li{
+  padding-top: 5px;
+  padding-bottom: 5px;
+}
+
+ul.changelog img {
+  vertical-align: middle
+}
+
+
+/* Printer-only Styles */
+@media print {
+    .noPrint { display: none; }
+    #middle > div > div#mainLeft { display: none; }
+    a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
+}
+
+/* Fix for Comments section which contains a <h4> */
+#comments_thread h1, #comments_thread h2, #comments_thread h3, #comments_thread h4, #comments_thread h5, #comments_thread h6 {
+    border: none;
+    background-color: transparent;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/fonts/fonts.css b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/fonts/fonts.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa306fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/images/fonts/fonts.css
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+@charset "utf-8";
+/*
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  src: local('Open Sans'), local('OpenSans'), url('OpenSans400.woff') format('woff');
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans';
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  src: local('Open Sans Italic'), local('OpenSans-Italic'), url('OpenSans400italic.woff') format('woff');
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  src: local('Open Sans Semibold'), local('OpenSans-Semibold'), url('OpenSans600.woff') format('woff');
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans';
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  src: local('Open Sans Semibold Italic'), local('OpenSans-SemiboldItalic'), url('OpenSans600italic.woff') format('woff');
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  src: local('Open Sans Bold'), local('OpenSans-Bold'), url('OpenSans700.woff') format('woff');
+}
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans';
+  font-style: italic;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  src: local('Open Sans Bold Italic'), local('OpenSans-BoldItalic'), url('OpenSans700italic.woff') format('woff');
+}
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Documentation Index</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Documentation Index</h2><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>This is the top-level entry point of the documentation bundle for the
+<strong>Apache Tomcat</strong> Servlet/JSP container.  Apache Tomcat version
+9.0 implements the Servlet 4.0 and JavaServer Pages 2.3
+<a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">specifications</a> from the
+<a href="https://www.jcp.org">Java Community Process</a>, and includes many
+additional features that make it a useful platform for developing and deploying
+web applications and web services.</p>
+
+<p>Select one of the links from the navigation menu (to the left) to drill
+down to the more detailed documentation that is available.  Each available
+manual is described in more detail below.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Apache_Tomcat_User_Guide">Apache Tomcat User Guide</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The following documents will assist you in downloading and installing
+Apache Tomcat, and using many of the Apache Tomcat features.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><a href="introduction.html"><strong>Introduction</strong></a> - A
+    brief, high level, overview of Apache Tomcat.</li>
+<li><a href="setup.html"><strong>Setup</strong></a> - How to install and run
+    Apache Tomcat on a variety of platforms.</li>
+<li><a href="appdev/index.html"><strong>First web application</strong></a>
+    - An introduction to the concepts of a <em>web application</em> as defined
+    in the Servlet Specification.  Covers basic organization of your web application
+    source tree, the structure of a web application archive, and an
+    introduction to the web application deployment descriptor
+    (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>).</li>
+<li><a href="deployer-howto.html"><strong>Deployer</strong></a> -
+    Operating the Apache Tomcat Deployer to deploy, precompile, and validate web
+    applications.</li>
+<li><a href="manager-howto.html"><strong>Manager</strong></a> -
+    Operating the <strong>Manager</strong> web app to deploy, undeploy, and
+    redeploy applications while Apache Tomcat is running.</li>
+<li><a href="host-manager-howto.html"><strong>Host Manager</strong></a> -
+    Operating the <strong>Host Manager</strong> web app to add and remove
+    virtual hosts while Apache Tomcat is running.</li>
+<li><a href="realm-howto.html"><strong>Realms and Access Control</strong></a>
+    - Description of how to configure <em>Realms</em> (databases of users,
+    passwords, and their associated roles) for use in web applications that
+    utilize <em>Container Managed Security</em>.</li>
+<li><a href="security-manager-howto.html"><strong>Security Manager</strong></a>
+    - Configuring and using a Java Security Manager to
+    support fine-grained control over the behavior of your web applications.
+    </li>
+<li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html"><strong>JNDI Resources</strong></a>
+    - Configuring standard and custom resources in the JNDI naming context
+    that is provided to each web application.</li>
+<li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">
+    <strong>JDBC DataSource</strong></a>
+    - Configuring a JNDI DataSource with a DB connection pool.
+    Examples for many popular databases.</li>
+<li><a href="class-loader-howto.html"><strong>Classloading</strong></a>
+    - Information about class loading in Apache Tomcat, including where to place
+    your application classes so that they are visible.</li>
+<li><a href="jasper-howto.html"><strong>JSPs</strong></a>
+    - Information about Jasper configuration, as well as the JSP compiler
+    usage.</li>
+<li><a href="ssl-howto.html"><strong>SSL/TLS</strong></a> -
+    Installing and configuring SSL/TLS support so that your Apache Tomcat will
+    serve requests using the <code>https</code> protocol.</li>
+<li><a href="ssi-howto.html"><strong>SSI</strong></a> -
+    Using Server Side Includes in Apache Tomcat.</li>
+<li><a href="cgi-howto.html"><strong>CGI</strong></a> -
+    Using CGIs with Apache Tomcat.</li>
+<li><a href="proxy-howto.html"><strong>Proxy Support</strong></a> -
+    Configuring Apache Tomcat to run behind a proxy server (or a web server
+    functioning as a proxy server).</li>
+<li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html"><strong>MBeans Descriptors</strong></a> -
+    Configuring MBean descriptors files for custom components.</li>
+<li><a href="default-servlet.html"><strong>Default Servlet</strong></a> -
+    Configuring the default servlet and customizing directory listings.</li>
+<li><a href="cluster-howto.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Clustering</strong></a> -
+    Enable session replication in a Apache Tomcat environment.</li>
+<li><a href="balancer-howto.html"><strong>Balancer</strong></a> -
+    Configuring, using, and extending the load balancer application.</li>
+<li><a href="connectors.html"><strong>Connectors</strong></a> -
+    Connectors available in Apache Tomcat, and native web server integration.</li>
+<li><a href="monitoring.html"><strong>Monitoring and Management</strong></a> -
+    Enabling JMX Remote support, and using tools to monitor and manage Apache Tomcat.</li>
+<li><a href="logging.html"><strong>Logging</strong></a> -
+    Configuring logging in Apache Tomcat.</li>
+<li><a href="apr.html"><strong>Apache Portable Runtime</strong></a> -
+    Using APR to provide superior performance, scalability and better
+    integration with native server technologies.</li>
+<li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html"><strong>Virtual Hosting</strong></a> -
+    Configuring virtual hosting in Apache Tomcat.</li>
+<li><a href="aio.html"><strong>Advanced IO</strong></a> -
+    Extensions available over regular, blocking IO.</li>
+<li><a href="extras.html"><strong>Additional Components</strong></a> -
+    Obtaining additional, optional components.</li>
+<li><a href="maven-jars.html"><strong>Using Tomcat libraries with Maven</strong></a> -
+    Obtaining Tomcat jars through Maven.</li>
+<li><a href="security-howto.html"><strong>Security Considerations</strong></a> -
+    Options to consider when securing an Apache Tomcat installation.</li>
+<li><a href="windows-service-howto.html"><strong>Windows Service</strong></a> -
+    Running Tomcat as a service on Microsoft Windows.</li>
+<li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html"><strong>Windows Authentication</strong></a> -
+    Configuring Tomcat to use integrated Windows authentication.</li>
+<li><a href="jdbc-pool.html"><strong>High Concurrency JDBC Pool</strong></a> -
+    Configuring Tomcat to use an alternative JDBC pool.</li>
+<li><a href="web-socket-howto.html"><strong>WebSocket support</strong></a> -
+    Developing WebSocket applications for Apache Tomcat.</li>
+<li><a href="rewrite.html"><strong>URL rewrite</strong></a> -
+    Using the regexp based rewrite valve for conditional URL and host rewrite.</li>
+<li><a href="cdi.html"><strong>CDI and JAX-RS support</strong></a> -
+    Configuring CDI,JAX-RS and Eclipse Microprofile support.</li>
+</ol>
+
+</div><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The following documents are aimed at <em>System Administrators</em> who
+are responsible for installing, configuring, and operating an Apache Tomcat server.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt"><strong>Release notes</strong></a>
+    - Known issues in this Apache Tomcat release.
+    </li>
+<li><a href="config/index.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Server Configuration Reference</strong></a>
+    - Reference manual that documents all available elements and attributes
+      that may be placed into the Apache Tomcat <code>conf/server.xml</code> file.
+    </li>
+<li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/index.html"><strong>JK Documentation</strong></a>
+    - Complete documentation and HOWTOs on the JK native webserver connector,
+      used to interface Apache Tomcat with servers like Apache HTTPd, IIS
+      and others.</li>
+<li>Servlet 4.0
+    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr369/index.html">
+    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
+    <a href="https://javaee.github.io/javaee-spec/javadocs/javax/servlet/package-summary.html">
+    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
+    </li>
+<li>JSP 2.3
+    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr245/index2.html">
+    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
+    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/servlet/jsp/package-summary.html">
+    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
+    </li>
+<li>EL 3.0
+    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr341/index.html">
+    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
+    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/el/package-summary.html">
+    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
+    </li>
+<li>WebSocket 1.1
+    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr356/index.html">
+    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
+    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/websocket/package-summary.html">
+    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
+    </li>
+<li>JASPIC 1.1
+    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr196/index.html">
+    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
+    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/security/auth/message/package-summary.html">
+    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Apache_Tomcat_Developers">Apache Tomcat Developers</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The following documents are for Java developers who wish to contribute to
+the development of the <em>Apache Tomcat</em> project.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="building.html"><strong>Building from Source</strong></a> -
+    Details the steps necessary to download Apache Tomcat source code (and the
+    other packages that it depends on), and build a binary distribution from
+    those sources.
+    </li>
+<li><a href="changelog.html"><strong>Changelog</strong></a> - Details the
+    changes made to Apache Tomcat.
+    </li>
+<li><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions"><strong>Status</strong></a> -
+    Apache Tomcat development status.
+    </li>
+<li><a href="developers.html"><strong>Developers</strong></a> - List of active
+    Apache Tomcat contributors.
+    </li>
+<li><a href="api/index.html"><strong>Javadocs</strong></a>
+    - Javadoc API documentation for Apache Tomcat's internals.</li>
+<li><a href="architecture/index.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Architecture</strong></a>
+    - Documentation of the Apache Tomcat Server Architecture.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/introduction.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/introduction.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..738d279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/introduction.html
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Introduction</title><meta name="author" content="Robert Slifka"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Introduction</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Terminology">Terminology</a></li><li><a href="#Directories_and_Files">Directories and Files</a></li><li><a href="#CATALINA_HOME_and_CATALINA_BASE">CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE</a><ol><li><a href="#Why_Use_CATALINA_BASE">Why Use CATALINA_BASE</a></li><li><a href="#Contents_of_CATALINA_BASE">Contents of CATALINA_BASE</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_Use_CATALINA_BASE">How to Use CATALINA_BASE</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Tomcat">Configuring Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Where_to_Go_for_Help">Where to Go for Help</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>For administrators and web developers alike, there are some important bits
+of information you should familiarize yourself with before starting out. This
+document serves as a brief introduction to some of the concepts and
+terminology behind the Tomcat container. As well, where to go when you need
+help.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Terminology">Terminology</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>In the course of reading these documents, you will run across a number of
+terms; some specific to Tomcat, and others defined by the
+<a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet and
+JSP specifications</a>.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><strong>Context</strong> - In a nutshell, a Context is a
+    web application.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>That is it. If you find any more terms we need to add to this section, please
+do let us know.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Directories_and_Files">Directories and Files</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>These are some of the key tomcat directories:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><strong>/bin</strong> - Startup, shutdown, and other scripts. The
+    <code>*.sh</code> files (for Unix systems) are functional duplicates of
+    the <code>*.bat</code> files (for Windows systems).  Since the Win32
+    command-line lacks certain functionality, there are some additional
+    files in here.</li>
+<li><strong>/conf</strong> - Configuration files and related DTDs.  The most
+    important file in here is server.xml.  It is the main configuration file
+    for the container.</li>
+<li><strong>/logs</strong> - Log files are here by default.</li>
+<li><strong>/webapps</strong> - This is where your webapps go.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="CATALINA_HOME_and_CATALINA_BASE">CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>Throughout the documentation, there are references to the two following
+    properties:
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        <strong>CATALINA_HOME</strong>: Represents the root of your Tomcat
+        installation, for example <code>/home/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.10</code>
+        or <code>C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-9.0.10</code>.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <strong>CATALINA_BASE</strong>: Represents the root of a runtime
+        configuration of a specific Tomcat instance. If you want to have
+        multiple Tomcat instances on one machine, use the <code>CATALINA_BASE</code>
+        property.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    If you set the properties to different locations, the CATALINA_HOME location
+    contains static sources, such as <code>.jar</code> files, or binary files.
+    The CATALINA_BASE location contains configuration files, log files, deployed
+    applications, and other runtime requirements.
+  </p>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Why_Use_CATALINA_BASE">Why Use CATALINA_BASE</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      By default, CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE point to the same directory.
+      Set CATALINA_BASE manually when you require running multiple Tomcat
+      instances on one machine. Doing so provides the following benefits:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Easier management of upgrading to a newer version of Tomcat. Because all
+        instances with single CATALINA_HOME location share one set of
+        <code>.jar</code> files and binary files, you can easily upgrade the files
+        to newer version and have the change propagated to all Tomcat instances
+        using the same CATALIA_HOME directory.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Avoiding duplication of the same static <code>.jar</code> files.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        The possibility to share certain settings, for example the <code>setenv</code> shell
+        or bat script file (depending on your operating system).
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Contents_of_CATALINA_BASE">Contents of CATALINA_BASE</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Before you start using CATALINA_BASE, first consider and create the
+      directory tree used by CATALINA_BASE. Note that if you do not create
+      all the recommended directories, Tomcat creates the directories
+      automatically. If it fails to create the necessary directory, for example
+      due to permission issues, Tomcat will either fail to start, or may not
+      function correctly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Consider the following list of directories:
+      <ul>
+        <li>
+          <p>
+            The <code>bin</code> directory with the <code>setenv.sh</code>,
+            <code>setenv.bat</code>, and <code>tomcat-juli.jar</code> files.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Recommended:</i> No.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Order of lookup:</i> CATALINA_BASE is checked first; fallback is provided
+            to CATALINA_HOME.
+          </p>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <p>
+            The <code>lib</code> directory with further resources to be added on
+            classpath.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Recommended:</i> Yes, if your application depends on external libraries.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Order of lookup:</i> CATALINA_BASE is checked first; CATALINA_HOME is
+            loaded second.
+          </p>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <p>
+            The <code>logs</code> directory for instance-specific log files.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Recommended:</i> Yes.
+          </p>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <p>
+            The <code>webapps</code> directory for automatically loaded web
+            applications.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Recommended:</i> Yes, if you want to deploy applications.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Order of lookup:</i> CATALINA_BASE only.
+          </p>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <p>
+            The <code>work</code> directory that contains temporary working
+            directories for the deployed web applications.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Recommended:</i> Yes.
+          </p>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <p>
+            The <code>temp</code> directory used by the JVM for temporary files.
+          </p>
+          <p>
+            <i>Recommended:</i> Yes.
+          </p>
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We recommend you not to change the <code>tomcat-juli.jar</code> file.
+      However, in case you require your own logging implementation, you can
+      replace the <code>tomcat-juli.jar</code> file in a CATALINA_BASE location
+      for the specific Tomcat instance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We also recommend you copy all configuration files from the
+      <code>CATALINA_HOME/conf</code> directory into the
+      <code>CATALINA_BASE/conf/</code> directory. In case a configuration file
+      is missing in CATALINA_BASE, there is no fallback to CATALINA_HOME.
+      Consequently, this may cause failure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At minimum, CATALINA_BASE must contain:
+      <ul>
+        <li>conf/server.xml</li>
+        <li>conf/web.xml</li>
+      </ul>
+      That includes the <code>conf</code> directory. Otherwise, Tomcat fails
+      to start, or fails to function properly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For advanced configuration information, see the
+      <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/RUNNING.txt">
+        RUNNING.txt
+      </a> file.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="How_to_Use_CATALINA_BASE">How to Use CATALINA_BASE</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      The CATALINA_BASE property is an environment variable. You can set it
+      before you execute the Tomcat start script, for example:
+      <ul>
+        <li>On Unix: <code>CATALINA_BASE=/tmp/tomcat_base1 bin/catalina.sh start</code></li>
+        <li>On Windows: <code>CATALINA_BASE=C:\tomcat_base1 bin/catalina.bat start</code></li>
+      </ul>
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Configuring_Tomcat">Configuring Tomcat</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>This section will acquaint you with the basic information used during
+the configuration of the container.</p>
+
+<p>All of the information in the configuration files is read at startup,
+meaning that any change to the files necessitates a restart of the container.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Where_to_Go_for_Help">Where to Go for Help</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>While we've done our best to ensure that these documents are clearly
+written and easy to understand, we may have missed something.  Provided
+below are various web sites and mailing lists in case you get stuck.</p>
+
+<p>Keep in mind that some of the issues and solutions vary between the
+major versions of Tomcat.  As you search around the web, there will be
+some documentation that is not relevant to Tomcat 9, but
+only to earlier versions.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Current document - most documents will list potential hangups. Be sure
+    to fully read the relevant documentation as it will save you much time
+    and effort. There's nothing like scouring the web only to find out that
+    the answer was right in front of you all along!</li>
+<li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">Tomcat FAQ</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/">Tomcat WIKI</a></li>
+<li>Tomcat FAQ at <a href="http://www.jguru.com/faq/home.jsp?topic=Tomcat">jGuru</a></li>
+<li>Tomcat mailing list archives - numerous sites archive the Tomcat mailing
+    lists. Since the links change over time, clicking here will search
+    <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=tomcat+mailing+list+archives">Google</a>.
+    </li>
+<li>The TOMCAT-USER mailing list, which you can subscribe to
+    <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">here</a>. If you don't
+    get a reply, then there's a good chance that your question was probably
+    answered in the list archives or one of the FAQs.  Although questions
+    about web application development in general are sometimes asked and
+    answered, please focus your questions on Tomcat-specific issues.</li>
+<li>The TOMCAT-DEV mailing list, which you can subscribe to
+    <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">here</a>.  This list is
+    <strong>reserved</strong> for discussions about the development of Tomcat
+    itself.  Questions about Tomcat configuration, and the problems you run
+    into while developing and running applications, will normally be more
+    appropriate on the TOMCAT-USER list instead.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>And, if you think something should be in the docs, by all means let us know
+on the TOMCAT-DEV list.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Jasper 2 JSP Engine How To</title><meta name="author" content="Glenn L. Nielsen"><meta name="author" content="Peter Rossbach"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Jasper 2 JSP Engine How To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Known_issues">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="#Production_Configuration">Production Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Web_Application_Compilation">Web Application Compilation</a></li><li><a href="#Optimisation">Optimisation</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Tomcat 9.0 uses the Jasper 2 JSP Engine to implement
+the <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">JavaServer Pages 2.3</a>
+specification.</p>
+
+<p>Jasper 2 has been redesigned to significantly improve performance over
+the original Jasper.  In addition to general code improvements the following
+changes were made:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>JSP Custom Tag Pooling</strong> - The java objects instantiated
+for JSP Custom Tags can now be pooled and reused.  This significantly boosts
+the performance of JSP pages which use custom tags.</li>
+<li><strong>Background JSP compilation</strong> - If you make a change to
+a JSP page which had already been compiled Jasper 2 can recompile that
+page in the background.  The previously compiled JSP page will still be
+available to serve requests.  Once the new page has been compiled
+successfully it will replace the old page.  This helps improve availability
+of your JSP pages on a production server.</li>
+<li><strong>Recompile JSP when included page changes</strong> - Jasper 2
+can now detect when a page included at compile time from a JSP has changed
+and then recompile the parent JSP.</li>
+<li><strong>JDT used to compile JSP pages</strong> - The
+Eclipse JDT Java compiler is now used to perform JSP java source code
+compilation. This compiler loads source dependencies from the container
+classloader. Ant and javac can still be used.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>Jasper is implemented using the servlet class
+<code>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</code>.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Configuration">Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>By default Jasper is configured for use when doing web application
+development.  See the section <a href="#Production_Configuration">
+Production Configuration</a> for information on configuring Jasper
+for use on a production Tomcat server.</p>
+
+<p>The servlet which implements Jasper is configured using init parameters
+in your global <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code>.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>checkInterval</strong> - If development is false and checkInterval
+is greater than zero, background compiles are enabled. checkInterval is the time
+in seconds between checks to see if a JSP page (and its dependent files) needs
+to be recompiled. Default <code>0</code> seconds.</li>
+
+<li><strong>classdebuginfo</strong> - Should the class file be compiled with
+debugging information?  <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
+<code>true</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><strong>classpath</strong> - Defines the class path to be used to compile
+the generated servlets. This parameter only has an effect if the ServletContext
+attribute org.apache.jasper.Constants.SERVLET_CLASSPATH is not set. This
+attribute is always set when Jasper is used within Tomcat. By default the
+classpath is created dynamically based on the current web application.</li>
+
+<li><strong>compiler</strong> - Which compiler Ant should use to compile JSP
+pages. The valid values for this are the same as for the compiler attribute of
+Ant's
+<a href="https://ant.apache.org/manual/Tasks/javac.html#compilervalues">javac</a>
+task. If the value is not set, then the default Eclipse JDT Java compiler will
+be used instead of using Ant. There is no default value. If this attribute is
+set then <code>setenv.[sh|bat]</code> should be used to add
+<code>ant.jar</code>, <code>ant-launcher.jar</code> and <code>tools.jar</code>
+to the <code>CLASSPATH</code> environment variable.</li>
+
+<li><strong>compilerSourceVM</strong> - What JDK version are the source files
+compatible with? (Default value: <code>1.8</code>)</li>
+
+<li><strong>compilerTargetVM</strong> - What JDK version are the generated files
+compatible with? (Default value: <code>1.8</code>)</li>
+
+<li><strong>development</strong> - Is Jasper used in development mode? If true,
+the frequency at which JSPs are checked for modification may be specified via
+the modificationTestInterval parameter.<code>true</code> or <code>false</code>,
+default <code>true</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>displaySourceFragment</strong> - Should a source fragment be
+included in exception messages? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>,
+default <code>true</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>dumpSmap</strong> - Should the SMAP info for JSR45 debugging be
+dumped to a file? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
+<code>false</code>. <code>false</code> if suppressSmap is true.</li>
+
+<li><strong>enablePooling</strong> - Determines whether tag handler pooling is
+enabled. This is a compilation option. It will not alter the behaviour of JSPs
+that have already been compiled. <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>,
+default <code>true</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><strong>engineOptionsClass</strong> - Allows specifying the Options class
+used to configure Jasper. If not present, the default EmbeddedServletOptions
+will be used. This option is ignored if running under a SecurityManager.
+</li>
+
+<li><strong>errorOnUseBeanInvalidClassAttribute</strong> - Should Jasper issue
+an error when the value of the class attribute in an useBean action is not a
+valid bean class? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
+<code>true</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>fork</strong> - Have Ant fork JSP page compiles so they are
+performed in a separate JVM from Tomcat? <code>true</code> or
+<code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>genStringAsCharArray</strong> - Should text strings be generated as char
+arrays, to improve performance in some cases? Default <code>false</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>ieClassId</strong> - Deprecated. Will be removed in Tomact 10.1.
+The class-id value to be sent to Internet
+Explorer when using &lt;jsp:plugin&gt; tags.   Default
+<code>clsid:8AD9C840-044E-11D1-B3E9-00805F499D93</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>javaEncoding</strong> - Java file encoding to use for generating
+java source files. Default <code>UTF8</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>keepgenerated</strong> - Should we keep the generated Java source
+code for each page instead of deleting it? <code>true</code> or
+<code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>mappedfile</strong> - Should we generate static content with one
+print statement per input line, to ease debugging?
+<code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default <code>true</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>maxLoadedJsps</strong> - The maximum number of JSPs that will be
+loaded for a web application. If more than this number of JSPs are loaded, the
+least recently used JSPs will be unloaded so that the number of JSPs loaded at
+any one time does not exceed this limit. A value of zero or less indicates no
+limit. Default <code>-1</code></li>
+
+<li><strong>jspIdleTimeout</strong> - The amount of time in seconds a JSP can be
+idle before it is unloaded. A value of zero or less indicates never unload.
+Default <code>-1</code></li>
+
+<li><strong>modificationTestInterval</strong> - Causes a JSP (and its dependent
+files) to not be checked for modification during the specified time interval
+(in seconds) from the last time the JSP was checked for modification. A value of
+0 will cause the JSP to be checked on every access. Used in development mode
+only. Default is <code>4</code> seconds.</li>
+
+<li><strong>recompileOnFail</strong> - If a JSP compilation fails should the
+modificationTestInterval be ignored and the next access trigger a re-compilation
+attempt? Used in development mode only and is disabled by default as compilation
+may be expensive and could lead to excessive resource usage.</li>
+
+<li><strong>scratchdir</strong> - What scratch directory should we use when
+compiling JSP pages? Default is the work directory for the current web
+application. This option is ignored if running under a SecurityManager.</li>
+
+<li><strong>suppressSmap</strong> - Should the generation of SMAP info for JSR45
+debugging be suppressed? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
+<code>false</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>trimSpaces</strong> - Should template text that consists entirely of
+whitespace be removed from the output (<code>true</code>), replaced with a
+single space (<code>single</code>) or left unchanged (<code>false</code>)?
+Alternatively, the <code>extended</code> option will remove leading and trailing
+whitespace from template text and collapse sequences of whitespace and newlines
+within the template text to a single new line. Note that if a JSP page or tag
+file specifies a <code>trimDirectiveWhitespaces</code> value of
+<code>true</code>, that will take precedence over this configuration setting for
+that page/tag. Default <code>false</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>xpoweredBy</strong> - Determines whether X-Powered-By response
+header is added by generated servlet. <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>,
+default <code>false</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>strictQuoteEscaping</strong> - When scriptlet expressions are used
+for attribute values, should the rules in JSP.1.6 for the escaping of quote
+characters be strictly applied? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
+<code>true</code>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>quoteAttributeEL</strong> - When EL is used in an attribute value
+on a JSP page, should the rules for quoting of attributes described in JSP.1.6
+be applied to the expression? <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, default
+<code>true</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The Java compiler from Eclipse JDT in included as the default compiler. It is
+an advanced Java compiler which will load all dependencies from the Tomcat class
+loader, which will help tremendously when compiling on large installations with
+tens of JARs. On fast servers, this will allow sub-second recompilation cycles
+for even large JSP  pages.</p>
+
+<p>Apache Ant, which was used in previous Tomcat releases, can be used instead
+of the new compiler by configuring the compiler attribute as explained above.
+</p>
+
+<p>If you need to change the JSP Servlet settings for an application you can
+override the default configuration by re-defining the JSP Servlet in
+<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. However, this may cause problems if you attempt
+to deploy the application on another container as the JSP Servlet class may
+not be recognised. You can work-around this problem by using the Tomcat specific
+<code>/WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</code> deployment descriptor. The format is
+identical to <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. It will override any default
+settings but not those in <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>. Since it is Tomcat
+specific, it will only be processed when the application is deployed on
+Tomcat.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Known_issues">Known issues</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>As described in
+<a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=39089">
+bug 39089</a>, a known JVM issue,
+<a href="http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6294277">
+bug 6294277</a>, may cause a
+<code>java.lang.InternalError: name is too long to represent</code> exception
+when compiling very large JSPs. If this is observed then it may be worked around
+by using one of the following:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>reduce the size of the JSP</li>
+<li>disable SMAP generation and JSR-045 support by setting
+<code>suppressSmap</code> to <code>true</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Production_Configuration">Production Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The main JSP optimization which can be done is precompilation of JSPs.
+However, this might not be possible (for example, when using the
+jsp-property-group feature) or practical, in which case the configuration of the
+Jasper servlet becomes critical.</p>
+
+<p>When using Jasper 2 in a production Tomcat server you should consider making
+the following changes from the default configuration.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>development</strong> - To disable on access checks for JSP
+pages compilation set this to <code>false</code>.</li>
+<li><strong>genStringAsCharArray</strong> - To generate slightly more efficient
+char arrays, set this to <code>true</code>.</li>
+<li><strong>modificationTestInterval</strong> - If development has to be set to
+<code>true</code> for any reason (such as dynamic generation of JSPs), setting
+this to a high value will improve performance a lot.</li>
+<li><strong>trimSpaces</strong> - To remove unnecessary bytes from the response,
+consider setting this to <code>single</code> or <code>extended</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Web_Application_Compilation">Web Application Compilation</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Using Ant is the preferred way to compile web applications using JSPC. Note
+that when pre-compiling JSPs, SMAP information will only be included in the
+final classes if suppressSmap is false and compile is true.
+Use the script given below (a similar script is included in the "deployer"
+download) to precompile a webapp:
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;project name="Webapp Precompilation" default="all" basedir="."&gt;
+
+   &lt;import file="${tomcat.home}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml"/&gt;
+
+   &lt;target name="jspc"&gt;
+
+    &lt;jasper
+             validateXml="false"
+             uriroot="${webapp.path}"
+             webXmlInclude="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml"
+             outputDir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src" /&gt;
+
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+  &lt;target name="compile"&gt;
+
+    &lt;mkdir dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"/&gt;
+    &lt;mkdir dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/lib"/&gt;
+
+    &lt;javac destdir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"
+           debug="on" failonerror="false"
+           srcdir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src"
+           excludes="**/*.smap"&gt;
+      &lt;classpath&gt;
+        &lt;pathelement location="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes"/&gt;
+        &lt;fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/lib"&gt;
+          &lt;include name="*.jar"/&gt;
+        &lt;/fileset&gt;
+        &lt;pathelement location="${tomcat.home}/lib"/&gt;
+        &lt;fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/lib"&gt;
+          &lt;include name="*.jar"/&gt;
+        &lt;/fileset&gt;
+        &lt;fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/bin"&gt;
+          &lt;include name="*.jar"/&gt;
+        &lt;/fileset&gt;
+      &lt;/classpath&gt;
+      &lt;include name="**" /&gt;
+      &lt;exclude name="tags/**" /&gt;
+    &lt;/javac&gt;
+
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+  &lt;target name="all" depends="jspc,compile"&gt;
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+  &lt;target name="cleanup"&gt;
+    &lt;delete&gt;
+        &lt;fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src"/&gt;
+        &lt;fileset dir="${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes/org/apache/jsp"/&gt;
+    &lt;/delete&gt;
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+&lt;/project&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+The following command line can be used to run the script
+(replacing the tokens with the Tomcat base path and the path to the webapp
+which should be precompiled):
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$ANT_HOME/bin/ant -Dtomcat.home=&lt;$TOMCAT_HOME&gt; -Dwebapp.path=&lt;$WEBAPP_PATH&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>
+Then, the declarations and mappings for the servlets which were generated
+during the precompilation must be added to the web application deployment
+descriptor. Insert the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml</code>
+at the right place inside the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file.
+Restart the web application (using the manager) and test it to verify it is
+running fine with precompiled servlets. An appropriate token placed in the
+web application deployment descriptor may also be used to automatically
+insert the generated servlet declarations and mappings using Ant filtering
+capabilities. This is actually how all the webapps distributed with Tomcat
+are automatically compiled as part of the build process.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+At the jasper task you can use the option <code>addWebXmlMappings</code> for
+automatic merge the <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/generated_web.xml</code>
+with the current web application deployment descriptor at
+<code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When you want to use a specific version of Java for your JSP's, add the
+javac compiler task attributes <code>source</code> and <code>target</code> with
+appropriate values. For example, <code>16</code> to compile JSPs for Java 16.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+For production you may wish to disable debug info with
+<code>debug="off"</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When you don't want to stop the JSP generation at first JSP syntax error, use
+<code>failOnError="false"</code> and with
+<code>showSuccess="true"</code> all successful <i>JSP to Java</i>
+generation are printed out. Sometimes it is very helpful, when you cleanup the
+generate java source files at <code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/src</code>
+and the compile JSP servlet classes at
+<code>${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/classes/org/apache/jsp</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p><strong>Hints:</strong></p>
+<ul>
+<li> When you switch to another Tomcat release, then regenerate and recompile
+your JSP's with the new Tomcat version.</li>
+<li>Use java system property at server runtime to disable PageContext pooling
+<code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspFactoryImpl.USE_POOL=false</code>.
+and limit the buffering with
+<code>org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER=true</code>. Note
+that changing from the defaults may affect performance, but it will vary
+depending on the application.</li>
+</ul>
+</div><h3 id="Optimisation">Optimisation</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+There are a number of extension points provided within Jasper that enable the
+user to optimise the behaviour for their environment.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The first of these extension points is the tag plug-in mechanism. This allows
+alternative implementations of tag handlers to be provided for a web application
+to use. Tag plug-ins are registered via a <code>tagPlugins.xml</code> file
+located under <code>WEB-INF</code>. A sample plug-in for the JSTL is included
+with Jasper.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The second extension point is the Expression Language interpreter. Alternative
+interpreters may be configured through the <code>ServletContext</code>. See the
+<code>ELInterpreterFactory</code> javadoc for details of how to configure an
+alternative EL interpreter. A alternative interpreter primarily targeting tag
+settings is provided at
+<code>org.apache.jasper.optimizations.ELInterpreterTagSetters</code>. See the
+javadoc for details of the optimisations and the impact they have on
+specification compliance.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+An extension point is also provided for coercion of String values to Enums. It
+is provided at
+<code>org.apache.jasper.optimizations.StringInterpreterEnum</code>. See the
+javadoc for details of the optimisations and the impact they have on
+specification compliance.
+</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jaspicapi/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jaspicapi/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbebf69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jaspicapi/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>API docs</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+The JASPIC Javadoc is not installed by default. Download and install
+the "fulldocs" package to get it.
+
+You can also access the javadoc online in the Tomcat
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/">
+    documentation bundle</a>.
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jdbc-pool.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jdbc-pool.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8475195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jdbc-pool.html
@@ -0,0 +1,892 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - The Tomcat JDBC Connection Pool</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The Tomcat JDBC Connection Pool</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#How_to_use">How to use</a><ol><li><a href="#Additional_features">Additional features</a></li><li><a href="#Inside_the_Apache_Tomcat_Container">Inside the Apache Tomcat Container</a></li><li><a href="#Standalone">Standalone</a></li><li><a href="#JMX">JMX</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Attributes">Attributes</a><ol><li><a href="#JNDI_Factory_and_Type">JNDI Factory and Type</a></li><li><a href="#System_Properties">System Properties</a></li><li><a href="#Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</a></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_JDBC_Enhanced_Attributes">Tomcat JDBC Enhanced Attributes</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Advanced_usage">Advanced usage</a><ol><li><a href="#JDBC_interceptors">JDBC interceptors</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_JDBC_interceptors">Configuring JDBC interceptors</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.JdbcInterceptor">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.JdbcInterceptor</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementCache">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementCache</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementDecoratorInterceptor">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementDecoratorInterceptor</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.QueryTimeoutInterceptor">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.QueryTimeoutInterceptor</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReport">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReport</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReportJmx">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReportJmx</a></li><li><a href="#org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ResetAbandonedTimer">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ResetAbandonedTimer</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Code_Example">Code Example</a><ol><li><a href="#Plain_Ol'_Java">Plain Ol' Java</a></li><li><a href="#As_a_Resource">As a Resource</a></li><li><a href="#Asynchronous_Connection_Retrieval">Asynchronous Connection Retrieval</a></li><li><a href="#Interceptors">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="#Getting_the_actual_JDBC_connection">Getting the actual JDBC connection</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Building">Building</a><ol><li><a href="#Building_from_source">Building from source</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The <strong>JDBC Connection Pool <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool</code></strong>
+  is a replacement or an alternative to the <a href="https://commons.apache.org/dbcp/">Apache Commons DBCP</a>
+  connection pool.</p>
+
+  <p>So why do we need a new connection pool?</p>
+
+  <p>Here are a few of the reasons:</p>
+    <ol>
+      <li>Commons DBCP 1.x is single threaded. In order to be thread safe
+          Commons locks the entire pool for short periods during both object
+          allocation and object return. Note that this does not apply to
+          Commons DBCP 2.x.</li>
+      <li>Commons DBCP 1.x can be slow. As the number of logical CPUs grows and
+          the number of concurrent threads attempting to borrow or return
+          objects increases, the performance suffers. For highly concurrent
+          systems the impact can be significant. Note that this does not apply
+          to Commons DBCP 2.x.</li>
+      <li>Commons DBCP is over 60 classes. tomcat-jdbc-pool core is 8 classes,
+          hence modifications for future requirement will require much less
+          changes. This is all you need to run the connection pool itself, the
+          rest is gravy.</li>
+      <li>Commons DBCP uses static interfaces. This means you have to use the
+          right version for a given JRE version or you may see
+          <code>NoSuchMethodException</code> exceptions.</li>
+      <li>It's not worth rewriting over 60 classes, when a connection pool can
+          be accomplished with a much simpler implementation.</li>
+      <li>Tomcat jdbc pool implements the ability retrieve a connection
+          asynchronously, without adding additional threads to the library
+          itself.</li>
+      <li>Tomcat jdbc pool is a Tomcat module, it depends on Tomcat JULI, a
+          simplified logging framework used in Tomcat.</li>
+      <li>Retrieve the underlying connection using the
+          <code>javax.sql.PooledConnection</code> interface.</li>
+      <li>Starvation proof. If a pool is empty, and threads are waiting for a
+          connection, when a connection is returned, the pool will awake the
+          correct thread waiting. Most pools will simply starve.</li>
+    </ol>
+
+  <p>Features added over other connection pool implementations</p>
+    <ol>
+      <li>Support for highly concurrent environments and multi core/cpu systems.</li>
+      <li>Dynamic implementation of interface, will support <code>java.sql</code> and <code>javax.sql</code> interfaces for
+          your runtime environment (as long as your JDBC driver does the same), even when compiled with a lower version of the JDK.</li>
+      <li>Validation intervals - we don't have to validate every single time we use the connection, we can do this
+          when we borrow or return the connection, just not more frequent than an interval we can configure.</li>
+      <li>Run-Once query, a configurable query that will be run only once, when the connection to the database is established.
+          Very useful to setup session settings, that you want to exist during the entire time the connection is established.</li>
+      <li>Ability to configure custom interceptors.
+          This allows you to write custom interceptors to enhance the functionality. You can use interceptors to gather query stats,
+          cache session states, reconnect the connection upon failures, retry queries, cache query results, and so on.
+          Your options are endless and the interceptors are dynamic, not tied to a JDK version of a
+          <code>java.sql</code>/<code>javax.sql</code> interface.</li>
+      <li>High performance - we will show some differences in performance later on</li>
+      <li>Extremely simple, due to the very simplified implementation, the line count and source file count are very low, compare with c3p0
+          that has over 200 source files(last time we checked), Tomcat jdbc has a core of 8 files, the connection pool itself is about half
+          that. As bugs may occur, they will be faster to track down, and easier to fix. Complexity reduction has been a focus from inception.</li>
+      <li>Asynchronous connection retrieval - you can queue your request for a connection and receive a <code>Future&lt;Connection&gt;</code> back.</li>
+      <li>Better idle connection handling. Instead of closing connections directly, it can still pool connections and sizes the idle pool with a smarter algorithm.</li>
+      <li>You can decide at what moment connections are considered abandoned, is it when the pool is full, or directly at a timeout
+          by specifying a pool usage threshold.
+      </li>
+      <li>The abandon connection timer will reset upon a statement/query activity. Allowing a connections that is in use for a long time to not timeout.
+          This is achieved using the <code>ResetAbandonedTimer</code>
+      </li>
+      <li>Close connections after they have been connected for a certain time. Age based close upon return to the pool.
+      </li>
+      <li>Get JMX notifications and log entries when connections are suspected for being abandoned. This is similar to
+          the <code>removeAbandonedTimeout</code> but it doesn't take any action, only reports the information.
+          This is achieved using the <code>suspectTimeout</code> attribute.</li>
+      <li>Connections can be retrieved from a <code>java.sql.Driver</code>, <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> or <code>javax.sql.XADataSource</code>
+          This is achieved using the <code>dataSource</code> and <code>dataSourceJNDI</code> attributes.</li>
+      <li>XA connection support</li>
+    </ol>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="How_to_use">How to use</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    Usage of the Tomcat connection pool has been made to be as simple as possible, for those of you that are familiar with commons-dbcp, the
+    transition will be very simple. Moving from other connection pools is also fairly straight forward.
+  </p>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Additional_features">Additional features</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>The Tomcat connection pool offers a few additional features over what most other pools let you do:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><code>initSQL</code> - the ability to run an SQL statement exactly once, when the connection is created</li>
+      <li><code>validationInterval</code> - in addition to running validations on connections, avoid running them too frequently.</li>
+      <li><code>jdbcInterceptors</code> - flexible and pluggable interceptors to create any customizations around the pool,
+          the query execution and the result set handling. More on this in the advanced section.</li>
+      <li><code>fairQueue</code> - Set the fair flag to true to achieve thread fairness or to use asynchronous connection retrieval</li>
+    </ul>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Inside_the_Apache_Tomcat_Container">Inside the Apache Tomcat Container</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      The Tomcat Connection pool is configured as a resource described in <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html" target="_blank">The Tomcat JDBC documentation</a>
+      With the only difference being that you have to specify the <code>factory</code> attribute and set the value to
+      <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory</code>
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standalone">Standalone</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      The connection pool only has another dependency, and that is on tomcat-juli.jar.
+      To configure the pool in a stand alone project using bean instantiation, the bean to instantiate is
+      <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource</code>. The same attributes (documented below) as you use to configure a connection
+      pool as a JNDI resource, are used to configure a data source as a bean.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX">JMX</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      The connection pool object exposes an MBean that can be registered.
+      In order for the connection pool object to create the MBean, the flag <code>jmxEnabled</code> has to be set to true.
+      This doesn't imply that the pool will be registered with an MBean server, merely that the MBean is created.
+      In a container like Tomcat, Tomcat itself registers the DataSource with the MBean server, the
+      <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource</code> object will then register the actual
+      connection pool MBean.
+      If you're running outside of a container, you can register the DataSource yourself under any object name you specify,
+      and it propagates the registration to the underlying pool. To do this you would call <code>mBeanServer.registerMBean(dataSource.getPool().getJmxPool(),objectname)</code>.
+      Prior to this call, ensure that the pool has been created by calling <code>dataSource.createPool()</code>.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Attributes">Attributes</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>To provide a very simple switch to and from commons-dbcp and tomcat-jdbc-pool,
+     Most attributes are the same and have the same meaning.</p>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JNDI_Factory_and_Type">JNDI Factory and Type</h4><div class="text">
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">factory</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>factory is required, and the value should be <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory</code></p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">type</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Type should always be <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> or <code>javax.sql.XADataSource</code></p>
+        <p>Depending on the type a <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource</code> or a <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.XADataSource</code> will be created.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="System_Properties">System Properties</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>System properties are JVM wide, affect all pools created in the JVM</p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.onlyAttemptCurrentClassLoader</code></td><td>
+        <p>(boolean) Controls classloading of dynamic classes, such as
+           JDBC drivers, interceptors and validators. If set to
+           <code>false</code>, default value, the pool will first attempt
+           to load using the current loader (i.e. the class loader that
+           loaded the pool classes) and if class loading fails attempt to
+           load using the thread context loader. Set this value to
+           <code>true</code>, if you wish to remain backwards compatible
+           with Apache Tomcat 8.0.8 and earlier, and only attempt the
+           current loader.
+           If not set then the default value is <code>false</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Attributes">Common Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>These attributes are shared between commons-dbcp and tomcat-jdbc-pool, in some cases default values are different.</p>
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">defaultAutoCommit</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) The default auto-commit state of connections created by this pool. If not set, default is JDBC driver default (If not set then the <code>setAutoCommit</code> method will not be called.)</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">defaultReadOnly</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) The default read-only state of connections created by this pool. If not set then the <code>setReadOnly</code> method will not be called. (Some drivers don't support read only mode, ex: Informix)</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">defaultTransactionIsolation</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The default TransactionIsolation state of connections created by this pool. One of the following: (see javadoc )</p>
+         <ul>
+           <li><code>NONE</code></li>
+           <li><code>READ_COMMITTED</code></li>
+           <li><code>READ_UNCOMMITTED</code></li>
+           <li><code>REPEATABLE_READ</code></li>
+           <li><code>SERIALIZABLE</code></li>
+         </ul>
+         <p>If not set, the method will not be called and it defaults to the JDBC driver.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">defaultCatalog</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The default catalog of connections created by this pool.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">driverClassName</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The fully qualified Java class name of the JDBC driver to be used. The driver has to be accessible
+         from the same classloader as tomcat-jdbc.jar
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">username</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The connection username to be passed to our JDBC driver to establish a connection.
+         Note that method <code>DataSource.getConnection(username,password)</code>
+         by default will not use credentials passed into the method,
+         but will use the ones configured here. See <code>alternateUsernameAllowed</code>
+         property for more details.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">password</code></strong></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The connection password to be passed to our JDBC driver to establish a connection.
+         Note that method <code>DataSource.getConnection(username,password)</code>
+         by default will not use credentials passed into the method,
+         but will use the ones configured here. See <code>alternateUsernameAllowed</code>
+         property for more details.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxActive</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The maximum number of active connections that can be allocated from this pool at the same time.
+         The default value is <code>100</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxIdle</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The maximum number of connections that should be kept in the pool at all times.
+         Default value is  <code>maxActive</code>:<code>100</code>
+         Idle connections are checked periodically (if enabled) and
+         connections that been idle for longer than <code>minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</code>
+         will be released. (also see <code>testWhileIdle</code>)</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">minIdle</code></td><td>
+      <p>
+        (int) The minimum number of established connections that should be kept in the pool at all times.
+        The connection pool can shrink below this number if validation queries fail.
+        Default value is derived from <code>initialSize</code>:<code>10</code> (also see <code>testWhileIdle</code>)
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">initialSize</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int)The initial number of connections that are created when the pool is started.
+         Default value is <code>10</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxWait</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The maximum number of milliseconds that the pool will wait (when there are no available connections)
+         for a connection to be returned before throwing an exception.
+         Default value is <code>30000</code> (30 seconds)</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">testOnBorrow</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) The indication of whether objects will be validated before being borrowed from the pool.
+         If the object fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt to borrow another.
+         In order to have a more efficient validation, see <code>validationInterval</code>.
+         Default value is <code>false</code>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">testOnConnect</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) The indication of whether objects will be validated when a connection is first created.
+         If an object fails to validate, it will be throw <code>SQLException</code>.
+         Default value is <code>false</code>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">testOnReturn</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) The indication of whether objects will be validated before being returned to the pool.
+         The default value is <code>false</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">testWhileIdle</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) The indication of whether objects will be validated by the idle object evictor (if any).
+         If an object fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
+         The default value is <code>false</code> and this property has to be set in order for the
+         pool cleaner/test thread is to run (also see <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</code>)
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">validationQuery</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The SQL query that will be used to validate connections from this pool before returning them to the caller.
+         If specified, this query does not have to return any data, it just can't throw a <code>SQLException</code>.
+         The default value is <code>null</code>.
+         If not specified, connections will be validation by the isValid() method.
+         Example values are <code>SELECT 1</code>(mysql), <code>select 1 from dual</code>(oracle), <code>SELECT 1</code>(MS Sql Server)
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">validationQueryTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The timeout in seconds before a connection validation queries fail.  This works by calling
+         <code>java.sql.Statement.setQueryTimeout(seconds)</code> on the statement that executes the <code>validationQuery</code>.
+         The pool itself doesn't timeout the query, it is still up to the JDBC driver to enforce query timeouts.
+         A value less than or equal to zero will disable this feature.
+         The default value is <code>-1</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">validatorClassName</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The name of a class which implements the
+         <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.Validator</code> interface and
+         provides a no-arg constructor (may be implicit). If specified, the
+         class will be used to create a Validator instance which is then used
+         instead of any validation query to validate connections. The default
+         value is <code>null</code>. An example value is
+         <code>com.mycompany.project.SimpleValidator</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the idle connection validation/cleaner thread.
+         This value should not be set under 1 second. It dictates how often we check for idle, abandoned connections, and how often
+         we validate idle connections. This value will be overridden by <code>maxAge</code> if the latter is non-zero and lower.
+         The default value is <code>5000</code> (5 seconds). <br>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">numTestsPerEvictionRun</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) Property not used in tomcat-jdbc-pool.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) The minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction.
+         The default value is <code>60000</code> (60 seconds).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Property not used. Access can be achieved by calling <code>unwrap</code> on the pooled connection.
+         see <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> interface, or call <code>getConnection</code> through reflection or
+         cast the object as <code>javax.sql.PooledConnection</code></p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">removeAbandoned</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Flag to remove abandoned connections if they exceed the <code>removeAbandonedTimeout</code>.
+         If set to true a connection is considered abandoned and eligible for removal if it has been in use
+         longer than the <code>removeAbandonedTimeout</code> Setting this to <code>true</code> can recover db connections from
+         applications that fail to close a connection. See also <code>logAbandoned</code>
+         The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">removeAbandonedTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) Timeout in seconds before an abandoned(in use) connection can be removed.
+         The default value is <code>60</code> (60 seconds). The value should be set to the longest running query your applications
+         might have.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logAbandoned</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Flag to log stack traces for application code which abandoned a Connection.
+         Logging of abandoned Connections adds overhead for every Connection borrow because a stack trace has to be generated.
+         The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">connectionProperties</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The connection properties that will be sent to our JDBC driver when establishing new connections.
+         Format of the string must be [propertyName=property;]*
+         NOTE - The "user" and "password" properties will be passed explicitly, so they do not need to be included here.
+         The default value is <code>null</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">poolPreparedStatements</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Property not used.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxOpenPreparedStatements</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) Property not used.</p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_JDBC_Enhanced_Attributes">Tomcat JDBC Enhanced Attributes</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">initSQL</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) A custom query to be run when a connection is first created.
+         The default value is <code>null</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jdbcInterceptors</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) A semicolon separated list of classnames extending
+         <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.JdbcInterceptor</code> class.
+         See <a href="#Configuring_JDBC_interceptors">Configuring JDBC interceptors</a>
+         below for more detailed description of syntax and examples.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+         These interceptors will be inserted as an interceptor into the chain
+         of operations on a <code>java.sql.Connection</code> object.
+         The default value is <code>null</code>.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+         Predefined interceptors:<br>
+         <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.<br>ConnectionState</code>
+          - keeps track of auto commit, read only, catalog and transaction isolation level.<br>
+         <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.<br>StatementFinalizer</code>
+          - keeps track of opened statements, and closes them when the connection is returned to the pool.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+         More predefined interceptors are described in detail in the
+         <a href="#JDBC_interceptors">JDBC Interceptors section</a>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">validationInterval</code></td><td>
+      <p>(long) avoid excess validation, only run validation at most at this frequency - time in milliseconds.
+         If a connection is due for validation, but has been validated previously within this interval, it will not be validated again.
+         The default value is <code>3000</code> (3 seconds).</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">jmxEnabled</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Register the pool with JMX or not.
+         The default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">fairQueue</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Set to true if you wish that calls to getConnection should be treated
+         fairly in a true FIFO fashion. This uses the <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.FairBlockingQueue</code>
+         implementation for the list of the idle connections. The default value is <code>true</code>.
+         This flag is required when you want to use asynchronous connection retrieval.<br>
+         Setting this flag ensures that threads receive connections in the order they arrive.<br>
+         During performance tests, there is a very large difference in how locks
+         and lock waiting is implemented. When <code>fairQueue=true</code>
+         there is a decision making process based on what operating system the system is running.
+         If the system is running on Linux (property <code>os.name=Linux</code>.
+         To disable this Linux specific behavior and still use the fair queue, simply add the property
+         <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.FairBlockingQueue.ignoreOS=true</code> to your system properties
+         before the connection pool classes are loaded.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">abandonWhenPercentageFull</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) Connections that have been abandoned (timed out) won't get closed and reported up unless
+         the number of connections in use are above the percentage defined by <code>abandonWhenPercentageFull</code>.
+         The value should be between 0-100.
+         The default value is <code>0</code>, which implies that connections are eligible for closure as soon
+         as <code>removeAbandonedTimeout</code> has been reached.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxAge</code></td><td>
+      <p>(long) Time in milliseconds to keep a connection before recreating it.
+         When a connection is borrowed from the pool, the pool will check to see
+         if the <code>now - time-when-connected &gt; maxAge</code> has been reached
+         , and if so, it reconnects before borrow it. When a connection is
+         returned to the pool, the pool will check to see if the
+         <code>now - time-when-connected &gt; maxAge</code> has been reached, and
+         if so, it tries to reconnect.
+         When a connection is idle and <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</code> is
+         greater than zero, the pool will periodically check to see if the
+         <code>now - time-when-connected &gt; maxAge</code> has been reached, and
+         if so, it tries to reconnect.
+         Setting <code>maxAge</code> to a value lower than <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</code>
+         will override it (so idle connection validation/cleaning will run more frequently).
+         The default value is <code>0</code>, which implies that connections
+         will be left open and no age check will be done upon borrowing from the
+         pool, returning the connection to the pool or when checking idle connections.</p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useEquals</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Set to true if you wish the <code>ProxyConnection</code> class to use <code>String.equals</code> and set to <code>false</code>
+         when you wish to use <code>==</code> when comparing method names. This property does not apply to added interceptors as those are configured individually.
+         The default value is <code>true</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">suspectTimeout</code></td><td>
+      <p>(int) Timeout value in seconds. Default value is <code>0</code>.<br>
+           Similar to to the <code>removeAbandonedTimeout</code> value but instead of treating the connection
+           as abandoned, and potentially closing the connection, this simply logs the warning if
+           <code>logAbandoned</code> is set to true. If this value is equal or less than 0, no suspect
+           checking will be performed. Suspect checking only takes place if the timeout value is larger than 0 and
+           the connection was not abandoned or if abandon check is disabled. If a connection is suspect a WARN message gets
+           logged and a JMX notification gets sent once.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">rollbackOnReturn</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) If <code>autoCommit==false</code> then the pool can terminate the transaction by calling rollback on the connection as it is returned to the pool
+          Default value is <code>false</code>.<br>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">commitOnReturn</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) If <code>autoCommit==false</code> then the pool can complete the transaction by calling commit on the connection as it is returned to the pool
+          If <code>rollbackOnReturn==true</code> then this attribute is ignored.
+          Default value is <code>false</code>.<br>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">alternateUsernameAllowed</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) By default, the jdbc-pool will ignore the
+         <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/sql/DataSource.html#getConnection(java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String)"><code>DataSource.getConnection(username,password)</code></a>
+         call, and simply return a previously pooled connection under the globally configured properties <code>username</code> and <code>password</code>, for performance reasons.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+         The pool can however be configured to allow use of different credentials
+         each time a connection is requested.  To enable the functionality described in the
+         <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/sql/DataSource.html#getConnection(java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String)"><code>DataSource.getConnection(username,password)</code></a>
+         call, simply set the property <code>alternateUsernameAllowed</code>
+         to <code>true</code>.<br>
+         Should you request a connection with the credentials user1/password1 and the connection
+         was previously connected using different user2/password2, the connection will be closed,
+         and reopened with the requested credentials. This way, the pool size is still managed
+         on a global level, and not on a per schema level. <br>
+         The default value is <code>false</code>.<br>
+         This property was added as an enhancement to <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=50025">bug 50025</a>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">dataSource</code></td><td>
+      <p>(javax.sql.DataSource) Inject a data source to the connection pool, and the pool will use the data source to retrieve connections instead of establishing them using the <code>java.sql.Driver</code> interface.
+         This is useful when you wish to pool XA connections or connections established using a data source instead of a connection string. Default value is <code>null</code>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">dataSourceJNDI</code></td><td>
+      <p>(String) The JNDI name for a data source to be looked up in JNDI and then used to establish connections to the database. See the <code>dataSource</code> attribute. Default value is <code>null</code>
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useDisposableConnectionFacade</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Set this to true if you wish to put a facade on your connection so that it cannot be reused after it has been closed. This prevents a thread holding on to a
+                   reference of a connection it has already called closed on, to execute queries on it. Default value is <code>true</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logValidationErrors</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Set this to true to log errors during the validation phase to the log file. If set to true, errors will be logged as SEVERE. Default value is <code>false</code> for backwards compatibility.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">propagateInterruptState</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Set this to true to propagate the interrupt state for a thread that has been interrupted (not clearing the interrupt state). Default value is <code>false</code> for backwards compatibility.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">ignoreExceptionOnPreLoad</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Flag whether ignore error of connection creation while initializing the pool.
+         Set to true if you want to ignore error of connection creation while initializing the pool.
+         Set to false if you want to fail the initialization of the pool by throwing exception.
+         The default value is <code>false</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useStatementFacade</code></td><td>
+      <p>(boolean) Set this to true if you wish to wrap statements in order to
+         enable <code>equals()</code> and <code>hashCode()</code> methods to be
+         called on the closed statements if any statement proxy is set.
+         Default value is <code>true</code>.
+      </p>
+    </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Advanced_usage">Advanced usage</h3><div class="text">
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JDBC_interceptors">JDBC interceptors</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>To see an example of how to use an interceptor, take a look at
+    <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState</code>.
+    This simple interceptor is a cache of three attributes, transaction isolation level, auto commit and read only state,
+    in order for the system to avoid not needed roundtrips to the database.
+    </p>
+    <p>Further interceptors will be added to the core of the pool as the need arises. Contributions are always welcome!</p>
+    <p>Interceptors are of course not limited to just <code>java.sql.Connection</code> but can be used to wrap any
+    of the results from a method invocation as well. You could build query performance analyzer that provides JMX notifications when a
+    query is running longer than the expected time.</p>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Configuring_JDBC_interceptors">Configuring JDBC interceptors</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Configuring JDBC interceptors is done using the <b>jdbcInterceptors</b> property.
+    The property contains a list of semicolon separated class names. If the
+    classname is not fully qualified it will be prefixed with the
+    <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.</code> prefix.
+    </p>
+    <p>Example:<br>
+      <code>
+      jdbcInterceptors="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState;
+        org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer"
+      </code>
+      <br>
+      is the same as
+      <br>
+      <code> jdbcInterceptors="ConnectionState;StatementFinalizer"</code>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+    Interceptors can have properties as well. Properties for an interceptor
+    are specified within parentheses after the class name. Several properties
+    are separated by commas.
+    </p>
+    <p>Example:<br>
+    <code>
+      jdbcInterceptors="ConnectionState;StatementFinalizer(useEquals=true)"
+    </code>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+    Extra whitespace characters around class names, property names and values
+    are ignored.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.JdbcInterceptor">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.JdbcInterceptor</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Abstract base class for all interceptors, cannot be instantiated.</p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">useEquals</code></td><td>
+        <p>(boolean) Set to true if you wish the <code>ProxyConnection</code> class to use <code>String.equals</code> and set to <code>false</code>
+         when you wish to use <code>==</code> when comparing method names.
+         The default value is <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Caches the connection for the following attributes <code>autoCommit</code>, <code>readOnly</code>,
+       <code>transactionIsolation</code> and <code>catalog</code>.
+       It is a performance enhancement to avoid roundtrip to the database when getters are called or setters are called with an already set value.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Keeps track of all statements created using <code>createStatement</code>, <code>prepareStatement</code> or <code>prepareCall</code>
+       and closes these statements when the connection is returned to the pool.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">trace</code></td><td>
+        <p>(boolean as String) Enable tracing of unclosed statements.
+           When enabled and a connection is closed, and statements are not closed,
+           the interceptor will log all stack traces.
+           The default value is <code>false</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementCache">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementCache</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Caches <code>PreparedStatement</code> and/or <code>CallableStatement</code>
+       instances on a connection.
+    </p>
+    <p>The statements are cached per connection.
+       The count limit is counted globally for all connections that belong to
+       the same pool. Once the count reaches <code>max</code>, subsequent
+       statements are not returned to the cache and are closed immediately.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">prepared</code></td><td>
+        <p>(boolean as String) Enable caching of <code>PreparedStatement</code>
+           instances created using <code>prepareStatement</code> calls.
+           The default value is <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">callable</code></td><td>
+        <p>(boolean as String) Enable caching of <code>CallableStatement</code>
+           instances created using <code>prepareCall</code> calls.
+           The default value is <code>false</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">max</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int as String) Limit on the count of cached statements across
+           the connection pool.
+           The default value is <code>50</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementDecoratorInterceptor">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementDecoratorInterceptor</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>See <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=48392">48392</a>. Interceptor to wrap statements and result sets in order to prevent access to the actual connection
+       using the methods <code>ResultSet.getStatement().getConnection()</code> and <code>Statement.getConnection()</code>
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.QueryTimeoutInterceptor">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.QueryTimeoutInterceptor</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Automatically calls <code>java.sql.Statement.setQueryTimeout(seconds)</code> when a new statement is created.
+       The pool itself doesn't timeout the query, it is still up to the JDBC driver to enforce query timeouts.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">queryTimeout</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>(int as String) The number of seconds to set for the query timeout.
+           A value less than or equal to zero will disable this feature.
+           The default value is <code>1</code> seconds.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReport">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReport</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Keeps track of query performance and issues log entries when queries exceed a time threshold of fail.
+       The log level used is <code>WARN</code>
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">threshold</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int as String) The number of milliseconds a query has to exceed before issuing a log alert.
+           The default value is <code>1000</code> milliseconds.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">maxQueries</code></td><td>
+        <p>(int as String) The maximum number of queries to keep track of in order to preserve memory space.
+           A value less than or equal to 0 will disable this feature.
+           The default value is <code>1000</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logSlow</code></td><td>
+        <p>(boolean as String) Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to log slow queries.
+            The default value is <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">logFailed</code></td><td>
+        <p>(boolean as String) Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to log failed queries.
+            The default value is <code>false</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReportJmx">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReportJmx</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Extends the <code>SlowQueryReport</code> and in addition to log entries it issues JMX notification
+       for monitoring tools to react to. Inherits all the attributes from its parent class.
+       This class uses Tomcat's JMX engine so it won't work outside of the Tomcat container.
+       By default, JMX notifications are sent through the ConnectionPool mbean if it is enabled.
+       The <code>SlowQueryReportJmx</code> can also register an MBean if <code>notifyPool=false</code>
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">notifyPool</code></td><td>
+        <p>(boolean as String) Set to false if you want JMX notifications to go to the <code>SlowQueryReportJmx</code> MBean
+           The default value is <code>true</code>.
+        </p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">objectName</code></td><td>
+        <p>(String) Define a valid <code>javax.management.ObjectName</code> string that will be used to register this object with the platform mbean server
+           The default value is <code>null</code> and the object will be registered using
+           tomcat.jdbc:type=org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.SlowQueryReportJmx,name=the-name-of-the-pool
+        </p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ResetAbandonedTimer">org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ResetAbandonedTimer</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+        The abandoned timer starts when a connection is checked out from the pool.
+        This means if you have a 30second timeout and run 10x10second queries using the connection
+        it will be marked abandoned and potentially reclaimed depending on the <code>abandonWhenPercentageFull</code>
+        attribute.
+        Using this interceptor it will reset the checkout timer every time you perform an operation on the connection or execute a
+        query successfully.
+    </p>
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr></table>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Code_Example">Code Example</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>Other examples of Tomcat configuration for JDBC usage can be found <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">in the Tomcat documentation</a>. </p>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Plain_Ol'_Java">Plain Ol' Java</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Here is a simple example of how to create and use a data source.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  import java.sql.Connection;
+  import java.sql.ResultSet;
+  import java.sql.Statement;
+
+  import org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource;
+  import org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PoolProperties;
+
+  public class SimplePOJOExample {
+
+      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+          PoolProperties p = new PoolProperties();
+          p.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql");
+          p.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
+          p.setUsername("root");
+          p.setPassword("password");
+          p.setJmxEnabled(true);
+          p.setTestWhileIdle(false);
+          p.setTestOnBorrow(true);
+          p.setValidationQuery("SELECT 1");
+          p.setTestOnReturn(false);
+          p.setValidationInterval(30000);
+          p.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(30000);
+          p.setMaxActive(100);
+          p.setInitialSize(10);
+          p.setMaxWait(10000);
+          p.setRemoveAbandonedTimeout(60);
+          p.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(30000);
+          p.setMinIdle(10);
+          p.setLogAbandoned(true);
+          p.setRemoveAbandoned(true);
+          p.setJdbcInterceptors(
+            "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState;"+
+            "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer");
+          DataSource datasource = new DataSource();
+          datasource.setPoolProperties(p);
+
+          Connection con = null;
+          try {
+            con = datasource.getConnection();
+            Statement st = con.createStatement();
+            ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from user");
+            int cnt = 1;
+            while (rs.next()) {
+                System.out.println((cnt++)+". Host:" +rs.getString("Host")+
+                  " User:"+rs.getString("User")+" Password:"+rs.getString("Password"));
+            }
+            rs.close();
+            st.close();
+          } finally {
+            if (con!=null) try {con.close();}catch (Exception ignore) {}
+          }
+      }
+
+  }</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="As_a_Resource">As a Resource</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>And here is an example on how to configure a resource for JNDI lookups</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resource name="jdbc/TestDB"
+          auth="Container"
+          type="javax.sql.DataSource"
+          factory="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory"
+          testWhileIdle="true"
+          testOnBorrow="true"
+          testOnReturn="false"
+          validationQuery="SELECT 1"
+          validationInterval="30000"
+          timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis="30000"
+          maxActive="100"
+          minIdle="10"
+          maxWait="10000"
+          initialSize="10"
+          removeAbandonedTimeout="60"
+          removeAbandoned="true"
+          logAbandoned="true"
+          minEvictableIdleTimeMillis="30000"
+          jmxEnabled="true"
+          jdbcInterceptors="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState;
+            org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.StatementFinalizer"
+          username="root"
+          password="password"
+          driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
+          url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Asynchronous_Connection_Retrieval">Asynchronous Connection Retrieval</h4><div class="text">
+    <p> The Tomcat JDBC connection pool supports asynchronous connection retrieval without adding additional threads to the
+        pool library. It does this by adding a method to the data source called <code>Future&lt;Connection&gt; getConnectionAsync()</code>.
+        In order to use the async retrieval, two conditions must be met:
+    </p>
+        <ol>
+          <li>You must configure the <code>fairQueue</code> property to be <code>true</code>.</li>
+          <li>You will have to cast the data source to <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource</code></li>
+        </ol>
+        An example of using the async feature is show below.
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  Connection con = null;
+  try {
+    Future&lt;Connection&gt; future = datasource.getConnectionAsync();
+    while (!future.isDone()) {
+      System.out.println("Connection is not yet available. Do some background work");
+      try {
+        Thread.sleep(100); //simulate work
+      }catch (InterruptedException x) {
+        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+      }
+    }
+    con = future.get(); //should return instantly
+    Statement st = con.createStatement();
+    ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from user");</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Interceptors">Interceptors</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Interceptors are a powerful way to enable, disable or modify functionality on a specific connection or its sub components.
+       There are many different use cases for when interceptors are useful. By default, and for performance reasons, the connection pool is stateless.
+       The only state the pool itself inserts are <code>defaultAutoCommit</code>, <code>defaultReadOnly</code>, <code>defaultTransactionIsolation</code>, <code>defaultCatalog</code> if
+       these are set. These 4 properties are only set upon connection creation. Should these properties be modified during the usage of the connection,
+       the pool itself will not reset them.</p>
+    <p>An interceptor has to extend the <code>org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.JdbcInterceptor</code> class. This class is fairly simple,
+       You will need to have a no arg constructor</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  public JdbcInterceptor() {
+  }</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+       When a connection is borrowed from the pool, the interceptor can initialize or in some other way react to the event by implementing the
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  public abstract void reset(ConnectionPool parent, PooledConnection con);</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+       method. This method gets called with two parameters, a reference to the connection pool itself <code>ConnectionPool parent</code>
+       and a reference to the underlying connection <code>PooledConnection con</code>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+       When a method on the <code>java.sql.Connection</code> object is invoked, it will cause the
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+       method to get invoked. The <code>Method method</code> is the actual method invoked, and <code>Object[] args</code> are the arguments.
+       To look at a very simple example, where we demonstrate how to make the invocation to <code>java.sql.Connection.close()</code> a noop
+       if the connection has been closed
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  if (CLOSE_VAL==method.getName()) {
+      if (isClosed()) return null; //noop for already closed.
+  }
+  return super.invoke(proxy,method,args);</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        There is an observation being made. It is the comparison of the method name. One way to do this would be to do
+        <code>"close".equals(method.getName())</code>.
+        Above we see a direct reference comparison between the method name and <code>static final String</code> reference.
+        According to the JVM spec, method names and static final String end up in a shared constant pool, so the reference comparison should work.
+        One could of course do this as well:
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  if (compare(CLOSE_VAL,method)) {
+      if (isClosed()) return null; //noop for already closed.
+  }
+  return super.invoke(proxy,method,args);</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+        The <code>compare(String,Method)</code> will use the <code>useEquals</code> flag on an interceptor and do either reference comparison or
+        a string value comparison when the <code>useEquals=true</code> flag is set.
+    </p>
+    <p>Pool start/stop<br>
+       When the connection pool is started or closed, you can be notified. You will only be notified once per interceptor class
+       even though it is an instance method. and you will be notified using an interceptor currently not attached to a pool.
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  public void poolStarted(ConnectionPool pool) {
+  }
+
+  public void poolClosed(ConnectionPool pool) {
+  }</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+       When overriding these methods, don't forget to call super if you are extending a class other than <code>JdbcInterceptor</code>
+    </p>
+    <p>Configuring interceptors<br>
+       Interceptors are configured using the <code>jdbcInterceptors</code> property or the <code>setJdbcInterceptors</code> method.
+       An interceptor can have properties, and would be configured like this
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  String jdbcInterceptors=
+    "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.interceptor.ConnectionState(useEquals=true,fast=yes)"</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Interceptor properties<br>
+       Since interceptors can have properties, you need to be able to read the values of these properties within your
+       interceptor. Taking an example like the one above, you can override the <code>setProperties</code> method.
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  public void setProperties(Map&lt;String, InterceptorProperty&gt; properties) {
+     super.setProperties(properties);
+     final String myprop = "myprop";
+     InterceptorProperty p1 = properties.get(myprop);
+     if (p1!=null) {
+         setMyprop(Long.parseLong(p1.getValue()));
+     }
+  }</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Getting_the_actual_JDBC_connection">Getting the actual JDBC connection</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Connection pools create wrappers around the actual connection in order to properly pool them.
+       We also create interceptors in these wrappers to be able to perform certain functions.
+       If there is a need to retrieve the actual connection, one can do so using the <code>javax.sql.PooledConnection</code>
+       interface.
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  Connection con = datasource.getConnection();
+  Connection actual = ((javax.sql.PooledConnection)con).getConnection();</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Building">Building</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>We build the JDBC pool code with 1.6, but it is backwards compatible down to 1.5 for runtime environment. For unit test, we use 1.6 and higher</p>
+  <p>Other examples of Tomcat configuration for JDBC usage can be found <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">in the Tomcat documentation</a>. </p>
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Building_from_source">Building from source</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>Building is pretty simple. The pool has a dependency on <code>tomcat-juli.jar</code> and in case you want the <code>SlowQueryReportJmx</code></p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  javac -classpath tomcat-juli.jar \
+        -d . \
+        org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/*.java \
+        org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/interceptor/*.java \
+        org/apache/tomcat/jdbc/pool/jmx/*.java</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+       A build file can be found in the Tomcat <a href="https://svn.apache.org/viewvc/tomcat/trunk/modules/jdbc-pool/">source repository</a>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As a convenience, a build file is also included where a simple build command will generate all files needed.
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  ant download  (downloads dependencies)
+  ant build     (compiles and generates .jar files)
+  ant dist      (creates a release package)
+  ant test      (runs tests, expects a test database to be setup)</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>
+      The system is structured for a Maven build, but does generate release artifacts. Just the library itself.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,637 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - JNDI Datasource How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Les Hughes"><meta name="author" content="David Haraburda"><meta name="author" content="Glenn Nielsen"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>JNDI Datasource How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#DriverManager,_the_service_provider_mechanism_and_memory_leaks">DriverManager, the service provider mechanism and memory leaks</a></li><li><a href="#Database_Connection_Pool_(DBCP_2)_Configurations">Database Connection Pool (DBCP 2) Configurations</a><ol><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#Preventing_database_connection_pool_leaks">Preventing database connection pool leaks</a></li><li><a href="#MySQL_DBCP_2_Example">MySQL DBCP 2 Example</a></li><li><a href="#Oracle_8i,_9i_&amp;_10g">Oracle 8i, 9i &amp; 10g</a></li><li><a href="#PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Non-DBCP_Solutions">Non-DBCP Solutions</a></li><li><a href="#Oracle_8i_with_OCI_client">Oracle 8i with OCI client</a><ol><li><a href="#Oracle_8i_with_OCI_client/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Putting_it_all_together">Putting it all together</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Common_Problems">Common Problems</a><ol><li><a href="#Intermittent_Database_Connection_Failures">Intermittent Database Connection Failures</a></li><li><a href="#Random_Connection_Closed_Exceptions">Random Connection Closed Exceptions</a></li><li><a href="#Context_versus_GlobalNamingResources">Context versus GlobalNamingResources</a></li><li><a href="#JNDI_Resource_Naming_and_Realm_Interaction">JNDI Resource Naming and Realm Interaction</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>JNDI Datasource configuration is covered extensively in the
+JNDI-Resources-HOWTO.  However, feedback from <code>tomcat-user</code> has
+shown that specifics for individual configurations can be rather tricky.</p>
+
+<p>Here then are some example configurations that have been posted to
+tomcat-user for popular databases and some general tips for db usage.</p>
+
+<p>You should be aware that since these notes are derived from configuration
+and/or feedback posted to <code>tomcat-user</code> YMMV :-). Please let us
+know if you have any other tested configurations that you feel may be of use
+to the wider audience, or if you feel we can improve this section in anyway.</p>
+
+<p>
+<b>Please note that JNDI resource configuration changed somewhat between
+Tomcat 7.x and Tomcat 8.x as they are using different versions of
+Apache Commons DBCP library.</b>  You will most likely need to modify older
+JNDI resource configurations to match the syntax in the example below in order
+to make them work in Tomcat 9.
+See <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/migration.html">Tomcat Migration Guide</a>
+for details.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Also, please note that JNDI DataSource configuration in general, and this
+tutorial in particular, assumes that you have read and understood the
+<a href="config/context.html">Context</a> and
+<a href="config/host.html">Host</a> configuration references, including
+the section about Automatic Application Deployment in the latter reference.
+</p>
+</div><h3 id="DriverManager,_the_service_provider_mechanism_and_memory_leaks">DriverManager, the service provider mechanism and memory leaks</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p><code>java.sql.DriverManager</code> supports the
+<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/index.html?java/sql/DriverManager.html">service
+provider</a> mechanism. This feature is that all the available JDBC drivers
+that announce themselves by providing a <code>META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver</code>
+file are automatically discovered, loaded and registered,
+relieving you from the need to load the database driver explicitly before
+you create a JDBC connection.
+However, the implementation is fundamentally broken in all Java versions for
+a servlet container environment. The problem is that
+<code>java.sql.DriverManager</code> will scan for the drivers only once.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="config/listeners.html">JRE Memory Leak Prevention Listener</a>
+that is included with Apache Tomcat solves this by triggering the driver scan
+during Tomcat startup. This is enabled by default. It means that only
+libraries visible to the common class loader and its parents will be scanned for
+database drivers. This include drivers in <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>,
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/lib</code>, the class path and (where the JRE supports it)
+the endorsed directory. Drivers packaged in web applications (in
+<code>WEB-INF/lib</code>) and in the shared class loader (where configured) will
+not be visible and will not be loaded automatically. If you are considering
+disabling this feature, note that the scan would be triggered by the first web
+application that is using JDBC, leading to failures when this web application is
+reloaded and for other web applications that rely on this feature.
+</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the web applications that have database drivers in their
+<code>WEB-INF/lib</code> directory cannot rely on the service provider
+mechanism and should register the drivers explicitly.</p>
+
+<p>The list of drivers in <code>java.sql.DriverManager</code> is also
+a known source of memory leaks. Any Drivers registered
+by a web application must be deregistered when the web application stops.
+Tomcat will attempt to automatically discover and deregister any
+JDBC drivers loaded by the web application class loader when the web
+application stops.
+However, it is expected that applications do this for themselves via
+a <code>ServletContextListener</code>.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Database_Connection_Pool_(DBCP_2)_Configurations">Database Connection Pool (DBCP 2) Configurations</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The default database connection pool implementation in Apache Tomcat
+relies on the libraries from the
+<a href="https://commons.apache.org/">Apache Commons</a> project.
+The following libraries are used:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Commons DBCP 2</li>
+<li>Commons Pool 2</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+These libraries are located in a single JAR at
+<code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib/tomcat-dbcp.jar</code>. However,
+only the classes needed for connection pooling have been included, and the
+packages have been renamed to avoid interfering with applications.
+</p>
+
+<p>DBCP 2 provides support for JDBC 4.1.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Installation">Installation</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>See the <a href="https://commons.apache.org/dbcp/configuration.html">
+DBCP 2 documentation</a> for a complete list of configuration parameters.
+</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Preventing_database_connection_pool_leaks">Preventing database connection pool leaks</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>
+A database connection pool creates and manages a pool of connections
+to a database. Recycling and reusing already existing connections
+to a database is more efficient than opening a new connection.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+There is one problem with connection pooling.  A web application has
+to explicitly close ResultSet's, Statement's, and Connection's.
+Failure of a web application to close these resources can result in
+them never being available again for reuse, a database connection pool "leak".
+This can eventually result in your web application database connections failing
+if there are no more available connections.</p>
+
+<p>
+There is a solution to this problem.  The Apache Commons DBCP 2 can be
+configured to track and recover these abandoned database connections.  Not
+only can it recover them, but also generate a stack trace for the code
+which opened these resources and never closed them.</p>
+
+<p>
+To configure a DBCP 2 DataSource so that abandoned database connections are
+removed and recycled, add one or both of the following attributes to the
+<code>Resource</code> configuration for your DBCP 2 DataSource:
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>removeAbandonedOnBorrow=true</code></pre></div>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>removeAbandonedOnMaintenance=true</code></pre></div>
+<p> The default for both of these attributes is <code>false</code>.  Note that
+<code>removeAbandonedOnMaintenance</code> has no effect unless pool
+maintenance is enabled by setting <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</code>
+to a positive value.  See the
+<a href="https://commons.apache.org/dbcp/configuration.html">
+DBCP 2 documentation</a> for full documentation on these attributes.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Use the <code>removeAbandonedTimeout</code> attribute to set the number
+of seconds a database connection has been idle before it is considered abandoned.
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>removeAbandonedTimeout="60"</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+The default timeout for removing abandoned connections is 300 seconds.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <code>logAbandoned</code> attribute can be set to <code>true</code>
+if you want DBCP 2 to log a stack trace of the code which abandoned the
+database connection resources.
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>logAbandoned="true"</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+The default is <code>false</code>.
+</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="MySQL_DBCP_2_Example">MySQL DBCP 2 Example</h4><div class="text">
+
+<h5>0. Introduction</h5>
+<p>Versions of <a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/mysql/index.html">MySQL</a> and JDBC
+drivers that have been reported to work:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>MySQL 3.23.47, MySQL 3.23.47 using InnoDB,, MySQL 3.23.58,  MySQL 4.0.1alpha</li>
+<li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/connector-j">Connector/J</a> 3.0.11-stable (the official JDBC Driver)</li>
+<li><a href="http://mmmysql.sourceforge.net">mm.mysql</a> 2.0.14 (an old 3rd party JDBC Driver)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Before you proceed, don't forget to copy the JDBC Driver's jar into <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>.</p>
+
+<h5>1. MySQL configuration</h5>
+<p>
+Ensure that you follow these instructions as variations can cause problems.
+</p>
+
+<p>Create a new test user, a new database and a single test table.
+Your MySQL user <strong>must</strong> have a password assigned. The driver
+will fail if you try to connect with an empty password.
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>mysql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO javauser@localhost
+    -&gt;   IDENTIFIED BY 'javadude' WITH GRANT OPTION;
+mysql&gt; create database javatest;
+mysql&gt; use javatest;
+mysql&gt; create table testdata (
+    -&gt;   id int not null auto_increment primary key,
+    -&gt;   foo varchar(25),
+    -&gt;   bar int);</code></pre></div>
+<blockquote>
+<strong>Note:</strong> the above user should be removed once testing is
+complete!
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Next insert some test data into the testdata table.
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>mysql&gt; insert into testdata values(null, 'hello', 12345);
+Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql&gt; select * from testdata;
++----+-------+-------+
+| ID | FOO   | BAR   |
++----+-------+-------+
+|  1 | hello | 12345 |
++----+-------+-------+
+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
+
+mysql&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>2. Context configuration</h5>
+<p>Configure the JNDI DataSource in Tomcat by adding a declaration for your
+resource to your <a href="config/context.html">Context</a>.</p>
+<p>For example:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- maxTotal: Maximum number of database connections in pool. Make sure you
+         configure your mysqld max_connections large enough to handle
+         all of your db connections. Set to -1 for no limit.
+         --&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- maxIdle: Maximum number of idle database connections to retain in pool.
+         Set to -1 for no limit.  See also the DBCP 2 documentation on this
+         and the minEvictableIdleTimeMillis configuration parameter.
+         --&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- maxWaitMillis: Maximum time to wait for a database connection to become available
+         in ms, in this example 10 seconds. An Exception is thrown if
+         this timeout is exceeded.  Set to -1 to wait indefinitely.
+         --&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- username and password: MySQL username and password for database connections  --&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- driverClassName: Class name for the old mm.mysql JDBC driver is
+         org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver - we recommend using Connector/J though.
+         Class name for the official MySQL Connector/J driver is com.mysql.jdbc.Driver.
+         --&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- url: The JDBC connection url for connecting to your MySQL database.
+         --&gt;
+
+  &lt;Resource name="jdbc/TestDB" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"
+               maxTotal="100" maxIdle="30" maxWaitMillis="10000"
+               username="javauser" password="javadude" driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
+               url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/javatest"/&gt;
+
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>3. web.xml configuration</h5>
+
+<p>Now create a <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> for this test application.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
+http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
+    version="2.4"&gt;
+  &lt;description&gt;MySQL Test App&lt;/description&gt;
+  &lt;resource-ref&gt;
+      &lt;description&gt;DB Connection&lt;/description&gt;
+      &lt;res-ref-name&gt;jdbc/TestDB&lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
+      &lt;res-type&gt;javax.sql.DataSource&lt;/res-type&gt;
+      &lt;res-auth&gt;Container&lt;/res-auth&gt;
+  &lt;/resource-ref&gt;
+&lt;/web-app&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>4. Test code</h5>
+<p>Now create a simple <code>test.jsp</code> page for use later.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" prefix="sql" %&gt;
+&lt;%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %&gt;
+
+&lt;sql:query var="rs" dataSource="jdbc/TestDB"&gt;
+select id, foo, bar from testdata
+&lt;/sql:query&gt;
+
+&lt;html&gt;
+  &lt;head&gt;
+    &lt;title&gt;DB Test&lt;/title&gt;
+  &lt;/head&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+
+  &lt;h2&gt;Results&lt;/h2&gt;
+
+&lt;c:forEach var="row" items="${rs.rows}"&gt;
+    Foo ${row.foo}&lt;br/&gt;
+    Bar ${row.bar}&lt;br/&gt;
+&lt;/c:forEach&gt;
+
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>That JSP page makes use of
+<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-jsp-135995.html">JSTL</a>'s
+SQL and Core taglibs. You can get it from
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/taglibs/standard/">Apache Tomcat Taglibs - Standard Tag Library</a>
+project &mdash; just make sure you get a 1.1.x or later release. Once you have
+JSTL, copy <code>jstl.jar</code> and <code>standard.jar</code> to your web app's
+<code>WEB-INF/lib</code> directory.
+
+</p>
+
+<p>Finally deploy your web app into <code>$CATALINA_BASE/webapps</code> either
+as a warfile called <code>DBTest.war</code> or into a sub-directory called
+<code>DBTest</code></p>
+<p>Once deployed, point a browser at
+<code>http://localhost:8080/DBTest/test.jsp</code> to view the fruits of
+your hard work.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Oracle_8i,_9i_&amp;_10g">Oracle 8i, 9i &amp; 10g</h4><div class="text">
+<h5>0.    Introduction</h5>
+
+<p>Oracle requires minimal changes from the MySQL configuration except for the
+usual gotchas :-)</p>
+<p>Drivers for older Oracle versions may be distributed as *.zip files rather
+than *.jar files. Tomcat will only use <code>*.jar</code> files installed in
+<code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>. Therefore <code>classes111.zip</code>
+or <code>classes12.zip</code> will need to be renamed with a <code>.jar</code>
+extension. Since jarfiles are zipfiles, there is no need to unzip and jar these
+files - a simple rename will suffice.</p>
+
+<p>For Oracle 9i onwards you should use <code>oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver</code>
+rather than <code>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</code> as Oracle have stated
+that <code>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</code> is deprecated and support
+for this driver class will be discontinued in the next major release.
+</p>
+
+<h5>1. Context configuration</h5>
+<p>In a similar manner to the mysql config above, you will need to define your
+Datasource in your <a href="config/context.html">Context</a>. Here we define a
+Datasource called myoracle using the thin driver to connect as user scott,
+password tiger to the sid called mysid. (Note: with the thin driver this sid is
+not the same as the tnsname). The schema used will be the default schema for the
+user scott.</p>
+
+<p>Use of the OCI driver should simply involve a changing thin to oci in the URL string.
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resource name="jdbc/myoracle" auth="Container"
+              type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"
+              url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:mysid"
+              username="scott" password="tiger" maxTotal="20" maxIdle="10"
+              maxWaitMillis="-1"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>2.    web.xml configuration</h5>
+<p>You should ensure that you respect the element ordering defined by the DTD when you
+create you applications web.xml file.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;
+ &lt;description&gt;Oracle Datasource example&lt;/description&gt;
+ &lt;res-ref-name&gt;jdbc/myoracle&lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
+ &lt;res-type&gt;javax.sql.DataSource&lt;/res-type&gt;
+ &lt;res-auth&gt;Container&lt;/res-auth&gt;
+&lt;/resource-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<h5>3.   Code example</h5>
+<p>You can use the same example application as above (assuming you create the required DB
+instance, tables etc.) replacing the Datasource code with something like</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Context initContext = new InitialContext();
+Context envContext  = (Context)initContext.lookup("java:/comp/env");
+DataSource ds = (DataSource)envContext.lookup("jdbc/myoracle");
+Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
+//etc.</code></pre></div>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</h4><div class="text">
+<h5>0.    Introduction</h5>
+<p>PostgreSQL is configured in a similar manner to Oracle.</p>
+
+<h5>1. Required files </h5>
+<p>
+Copy the Postgres JDBC jar to $CATALINA_HOME/lib. As with Oracle, the
+jars need to be in this directory in order for DBCP 2's Classloader to find
+them. This has to be done regardless of which configuration step you take next.
+</p>
+
+<h5>2. Resource configuration</h5>
+
+<p>
+You have two choices here: define a datasource that is shared across all Tomcat
+applications, or define a datasource specifically for one application.
+</p>
+
+<h6>2a. Shared resource configuration</h6>
+<p>
+Use this option if you wish to define a datasource that is shared across
+multiple Tomcat applications, or if you just prefer defining your datasource
+in this file.
+</p>
+<p><i>This author has not had success here, although others have reported so.
+Clarification would be appreciated here.</i></p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resource name="jdbc/postgres" auth="Container"
+          type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="org.postgresql.Driver"
+          url="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/mydb"
+          username="myuser" password="mypasswd" maxTotal="20" maxIdle="10" maxWaitMillis="-1"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<h6>2b. Application-specific resource configuration</h6>
+
+<p>
+Use this option if you wish to define a datasource specific to your application,
+not visible to other Tomcat applications. This method is less invasive to your
+Tomcat installation.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Create a resource definition for your <a href="config/context.html">Context</a>.
+The Context element should look something like the following.
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
+
+&lt;Resource name="jdbc/postgres" auth="Container"
+          type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="org.postgresql.Driver"
+          url="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/mydb"
+          username="myuser" password="mypasswd" maxTotal="20" maxIdle="10"
+maxWaitMillis="-1"/&gt;
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>3. web.xml configuration</h5>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;
+ &lt;description&gt;postgreSQL Datasource example&lt;/description&gt;
+ &lt;res-ref-name&gt;jdbc/postgres&lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
+ &lt;res-type&gt;javax.sql.DataSource&lt;/res-type&gt;
+ &lt;res-auth&gt;Container&lt;/res-auth&gt;
+&lt;/resource-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>4. Accessing the datasource</h5>
+<p>
+When accessing the datasource programmatically, remember to prepend
+<code>java:/comp/env</code> to your JNDI lookup, as in the following snippet of
+code. Note also that "jdbc/postgres" can be replaced with any value you prefer, provided
+you change it in the above resource definition file as well.
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>InitialContext cxt = new InitialContext();
+if ( cxt == null ) {
+   throw new Exception("Uh oh -- no context!");
+}
+
+DataSource ds = (DataSource) cxt.lookup( "java:/comp/env/jdbc/postgres" );
+
+if ( ds == null ) {
+   throw new Exception("Data source not found!");
+}</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Non-DBCP_Solutions">Non-DBCP Solutions</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+These solutions either utilise a single connection to the database (not recommended for anything other
+than testing!) or some other pooling technology.
+</p>
+</div><h3 id="Oracle_8i_with_OCI_client">Oracle 8i with OCI client</h3><div class="text">
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Oracle_8i_with_OCI_client/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
+<p>Whilst not strictly addressing the creation of a JNDI DataSource using the OCI client, these notes can be combined with the
+Oracle and DBCP 2 solution above.</p>
+<p>
+In order to use OCI driver, you should have an Oracle client installed. You should have installed
+Oracle8i(8.1.7) client from cd,  and download the suitable JDBC/OCI
+driver(Oracle8i 8.1.7.1 JDBC/OCI Driver) from <a href="http://otn.oracle.com/">otn.oracle.com</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+After renaming <code>classes12.zip</code> file to <code>classes12.jar</code>
+for Tomcat, copy it into <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>.
+You may also have to remove the <code>javax.sql.*</code> classes
+from this file depending upon the version of Tomcat and JDK you are using.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Putting_it_all_together">Putting it all together</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+Ensure that you have the <code>ocijdbc8.dll</code> or <code>.so</code> in your <code>$PATH</code> or <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>
+ (possibly in <code>$ORAHOME\bin</code>) and also confirm that the native library can be loaded by a simple test program
+using <code>System.loadLibrary("ocijdbc8");</code>
+</p>
+<p>
+You should next create a simple test servlet or JSP that has these
+<strong>critical lines</strong>:
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>DriverManager.registerDriver(new
+oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver());
+conn =
+DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:oci8:@database","username","password");</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+where database is of the form <code>host:port:SID</code> Now if you try to access the URL of your
+test servlet/JSP and what you get is a
+<code>ServletException</code> with a root cause of <code>java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError:get_env_handle</code>.
+</p>
+<p>
+First, the <code>UnsatisfiedLinkError</code> indicates that you have
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>a mismatch between your JDBC classes file and
+your Oracle client version. The giveaway here is the message stating that a needed library file cannot be
+found. For example, you may be using a classes12.zip file from Oracle Version 8.1.6 with a Version 8.1.5
+Oracle client. The classesXXX.zip file and Oracle client software versions must match.
+</li>
+<li>A <code>$PATH</code>, <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> problem.</li>
+<li>It has been reported that ignoring the driver you have downloaded from otn and using
+the classes12.zip file from the directory <code>$ORAHOME\jdbc\lib</code> will also work.
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+Next you may experience the error <code>ORA-06401 NETCMN: invalid driver designator</code>
+</p>
+<p>
+The Oracle documentation says : "Cause: The login (connect) string contains an invalid
+driver designator. Action: Correct the string and re-submit."
+
+Change the database connect string (of the form <code>host:port:SID</code>) with this one:
+<code>(description=(address=(host=myhost)(protocol=tcp)(port=1521))(connect_data=(sid=orcl)))</code>
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Ed. Hmm, I don't think this is really needed if you sort out your TNSNames - but I'm not an Oracle DBA :-)</i>
+</p>
+</div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Common_Problems">Common Problems</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Here are some common problems encountered with a web application which
+uses a database and tips for how to solve them.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Intermittent_Database_Connection_Failures">Intermittent Database Connection Failures</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+Tomcat runs within a JVM.  The JVM periodically performs garbage collection
+(GC) to remove java objects which are no longer being used.  When the JVM
+performs GC execution of code within Tomcat freezes. If the maximum time
+configured for establishment of a database connection is less than the amount
+of time garbage collection took you can get a database connection failure.
+</p>
+
+<p>To collect data on how long garbage collection is taking add the
+<code>-verbose:gc</code> argument to your <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code>
+environment variable when starting Tomcat.  When verbose gc is enabled
+your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out</code> log file will include
+data for every garbage collection including how long it took.</p>
+
+<p>When your JVM is tuned correctly 99% of the time a GC will take less
+than one second.  The remainder will only take a few seconds.  Rarely,
+if ever should a GC take more than 10 seconds.</p>
+
+<p>Make sure that the db connection timeout is set to 10-15 seconds.
+For DBCP 2 you set this using the parameter <code>maxWaitMillis</code>.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Random_Connection_Closed_Exceptions">Random Connection Closed Exceptions</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+These can occur when one request gets a db connection from the connection
+pool and closes it twice.  When using a connection pool, closing the
+connection just returns it to the pool for reuse by another request,
+it doesn't close the connection.  And Tomcat uses multiple threads to
+handle concurrent requests. Here is an example of the sequence
+of events which could cause this error in Tomcat:
+</p>
+<pre>
+  Request 1 running in Thread 1 gets a db connection.
+
+  Request 1 closes the db connection.
+
+  The JVM switches the running thread to Thread 2
+
+  Request 2 running in Thread 2 gets a db connection
+  (the same db connection just closed by Request 1).
+
+  The JVM switches the running thread back to Thread 1
+
+  Request 1 closes the db connection a second time in a finally block.
+
+  The JVM switches the running thread back to Thread 2
+
+  Request 2 Thread 2 tries to use the db connection but fails
+  because Request 1 closed it.
+</pre>
+<p>
+Here is an example of properly written code to use a database connection
+obtained from a connection pool:
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  Connection conn = null;
+  Statement stmt = null;  // Or PreparedStatement if needed
+  ResultSet rs = null;
+  try {
+    conn = ... get connection from connection pool ...
+    stmt = conn.createStatement("select ...");
+    rs = stmt.executeQuery();
+    ... iterate through the result set ...
+    rs.close();
+    rs = null;
+    stmt.close();
+    stmt = null;
+    conn.close(); // Return to connection pool
+    conn = null;  // Make sure we don't close it twice
+  } catch (SQLException e) {
+    ... deal with errors ...
+  } finally {
+    // Always make sure result sets and statements are closed,
+    // and the connection is returned to the pool
+    if (rs != null) {
+      try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { ; }
+      rs = null;
+    }
+    if (stmt != null) {
+      try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { ; }
+      stmt = null;
+    }
+    if (conn != null) {
+      try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { ; }
+      conn = null;
+    }
+  }</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Context_versus_GlobalNamingResources">Context versus GlobalNamingResources</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+  Please note that although the above instructions place the JNDI declarations in a Context
+  element, it is possible and sometimes desirable to place these declarations in the
+  <a href="config/globalresources.html">GlobalNamingResources</a> section of the server
+  configuration file.  A resource placed in the GlobalNamingResources section will be shared
+  among the Contexts of the server.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JNDI_Resource_Naming_and_Realm_Interaction">JNDI Resource Naming and Realm Interaction</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+  In order to get Realms to work, the realm must refer to the datasource as
+  defined in the &lt;GlobalNamingResources&gt; or &lt;Context&gt; section, not a datasource as renamed
+  using &lt;ResourceLink&gt;.
+</p>
+</div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,1122 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - JNDI Resources How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>JNDI Resources How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#web.xml_configuration">web.xml configuration</a></li><li><a href="#context.xml_configuration">context.xml configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Global_configuration">Global configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Using_resources">Using resources</a></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_Standard_Resource_Factories">Tomcat Standard Resource Factories</a><ol><li><a href="#Generic_JavaBean_Resources">Generic JavaBean Resources</a></li><li><a href="#Memory_UserDatabase_Resources">Memory UserDatabase Resources</a></li><li><a href="#DataSource_UserDatabase_Resources">DataSource UserDatabase Resources</a></li><li><a href="#JavaMail_Sessions">JavaMail Sessions</a></li><li><a href="#JDBC_Data_Sources">JDBC Data Sources</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Adding_Custom_Resource_Factories">Adding Custom Resource Factories</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Tomcat provides a JNDI <strong>InitialContext</strong> implementation
+instance for each web application running under it, in a manner that is
+compatible with those provided by a
+<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/overview/index.html">
+Java Enterprise Edition</a> application server. The Java EE standard provides
+a standard set of elements in the <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file to
+reference/define resources.</p>
+
+<p>See the following Specifications for more information about programming APIs
+for JNDI, and for the features supported by Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
+servers, which Tomcat emulates for the services that it provides:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/jndi/index.html">
+    Java Naming and Directory Interface</a> (included in JDK 1.4 onwards)</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/documentation/index.html">
+    Java EE Platform Specification</a> (in particular, see Chapter 5 on <em>Naming</em>)</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="web.xml_configuration">web.xml configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The following elements may be used in the web application deployment
+descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>) of your web application to define
+resources:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code><strong>&lt;env-entry&gt;</strong></code> - Environment entry, a
+    single-value parameter that can be used to configure how the application
+    will operate.</li>
+<li><code><strong>&lt;resource-ref&gt;</strong></code> - Resource reference,
+    which is typically to an object factory for resources such as a JDBC
+    <code>DataSource</code>, a JavaMail <code>Session</code>, or custom
+    object factories configured into Tomcat.</li>
+<li><code><strong>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;</strong></code> - Resource
+    environment reference, a new variation of <code>resource-ref</code>
+    added in Servlet 2.4 that is simpler to configure for resources
+    that do not require authentication information.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Providing that Tomcat is able to identify an appropriate resource factory to
+use to create the resource and that no further configuration information is
+required, Tomcat will use the information in <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> to
+create the resource.</p>
+
+<p>Tomcat provides a number of Tomcat specific options for JNDI resources that
+cannot be specified in web.xml. These include <code>closeMethod</code> that
+enables faster cleaning-up of JNDI resources when a web application stops and
+<code>singleton</code> that controls whether or not a new instance of the
+resource is created for every JNDI lookup. To use these configuration options
+the resource must be specified in a web application's
+<a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element or in the
+<a href="config/globalresources.html">
+<code><strong>&lt;GlobalNamingResources&gt;</strong></code></a> element of
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code>.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="context.xml_configuration">context.xml configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>If Tomcat is unable to identify the appropriate resource factory and/or
+additional configuration information is required, additional Tomcat specific
+configuration must be specified before Tomcat can create the resource.
+Tomcat specific resource configuration is entered in
+the <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> elements that
+can be specified in either <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> or,
+preferably, the per-web-application context XML file
+(<code>META-INF/context.xml</code>).</p>
+
+<p>Tomcat specific resource configuration is performed using the following
+elements in the <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a>
+element:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="config/context.html#Environment_Entries">&lt;Environment&gt;</a> -
+    Configure names and values for scalar environment entries that will be
+    exposed to the web application through the JNDI
+    <code>InitialContext</code> (equivalent to the inclusion of an
+    <code>&lt;env-entry&gt;</code> element in the web application
+    deployment descriptor).</li>
+<li><a href="config/context.html#Resource_Definitions">&lt;Resource&gt;</a> -
+    Configure the name and data type of a resource made available to the
+    application (equivalent to the inclusion of a
+    <code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;</code> element in the web application
+    deployment descriptor).</li>
+<li><a href="config/context.html#Resource_Links">&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</a> -
+    Add a link to a resource defined in the global JNDI context. Use resource
+    links to give a web application access to a resource defined in
+    the <a href="config/globalresources.html">&lt;GlobalNamingResources&gt;</a>
+    child element of the <a href="config/server.html">&lt;Server&gt;</a>
+    element.</li>
+<li><a href="config/context.html#Transaction">&lt;Transaction&gt;</a> -
+    Add a resource factory for instantiating the UserTransaction object
+    instance that is available at <code>java:comp/UserTransaction</code>.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>Any number of these elements may be nested inside a
+<a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element and will
+be associated only with that particular web application.</p>
+
+<p>If a resource has been defined in a
+<a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element it is not
+necessary for that resource to be defined in <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>.
+However, it is recommended to keep the entry in <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>
+to document the resource requirements for the web application.</p>
+
+<p>Where the same resource name has been defined for a
+<code>&lt;env-entry&gt;</code> element included in the web application
+deployment descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>) and in an
+<code>&lt;Environment&gt;</code> element as part of the
+<a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element for the
+web application, the values in the deployment descriptor will take precedence
+<strong>only</strong> if allowed by the corresponding
+<code>&lt;Environment&gt;</code> element (by setting the <code>override</code>
+attribute to "true").</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Global_configuration">Global configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Tomcat maintains a separate namespace of global resources for the
+entire server.  These are configured in the
+<a href="config/globalresources.html">
+<code><strong>&lt;GlobalNamingResources&gt;</strong></code></a> element of
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code>. You may expose these resources to
+web applications by using a
+<a href="config/context.html#Resource_Links">&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</a> to
+include it in the per-web-application context.</p>
+
+<p>If a resource has been defined using a
+<a href="config/context.html#Resource_Links">&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</a>, it is not
+necessary for that resource to be defined in <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>.
+However, it is recommended to keep the entry in <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>
+to document the resource requirements for the web application.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Using_resources">Using resources</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The <code>InitialContext</code> is configured as a web application is
+initially deployed, and is made available to web application components (for
+read-only access).  All configured entries and resources are placed in
+the <code>java:comp/env</code> portion of the JNDI namespace, so a typical
+access to a resource - in this case, to a JDBC <code>DataSource</code> -
+would look something like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>// Obtain our environment naming context
+Context initCtx = new InitialContext();
+Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/env");
+
+// Look up our data source
+DataSource ds = (DataSource)
+  envCtx.lookup("jdbc/EmployeeDB");
+
+// Allocate and use a connection from the pool
+Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
+... use this connection to access the database ...
+conn.close();</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_Standard_Resource_Factories">Tomcat Standard Resource Factories</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>Tomcat includes a series of standard resource factories that can
+  provide services to your web applications, but give you configuration
+  flexibility (via the
+  <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element)
+  without modifying the web application or the deployment descriptor. Each
+  subsection below details the configuration and usage of the standard resource
+  factories.</p>
+
+  <p>See <a href="#Adding_Custom_Resource_Factories">Adding Custom
+  Resource Factories</a> for information about how to create, install,
+  configure, and use your own custom resource factory classes with
+  Tomcat.</p>
+
+  <p><em>NOTE</em> - Of the standard resource factories, only the
+  "JDBC Data Source" and "User Transaction" factories are mandated to
+  be available on other platforms, and then they are required only if
+  the platform implements the Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) specs.
+  All other standard resource factories, plus custom resource factories
+  that you write yourself, are specific to Tomcat and cannot be assumed
+  to be available on other containers.</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Generic_JavaBean_Resources">Generic JavaBean Resources</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <h5>0.  Introduction</h5>
+
+    <p>This resource factory can be used to create objects of <em>any</em>
+    Java class that conforms to standard JavaBeans naming conventions (i.e.
+    it has a zero-arguments constructor, and has property setters that
+    conform to the setFoo() naming pattern.  The resource factory will
+    only create a new instance of the appropriate bean class every time a
+    <code>lookup()</code> for this entry is made if the <code>singleton</code>
+    attribute of the factory is set to <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>The steps required to use this facility are described below.</p>
+
+    <h5>1.  Create Your JavaBean Class</h5>
+
+    <p>Create the JavaBean class which will be instantiated each time
+    that the resource factory is looked up.  For this example, assume
+    you create a class <code>com.mycompany.MyBean</code>, which looks
+    like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>package com.mycompany;
+
+public class MyBean {
+
+  private String foo = "Default Foo";
+
+  public String getFoo() {
+    return (this.foo);
+  }
+
+  public void setFoo(String foo) {
+    this.foo = foo;
+  }
+
+  private int bar = 0;
+
+  public int getBar() {
+    return (this.bar);
+  }
+
+  public void setBar(int bar) {
+    this.bar = bar;
+  }
+
+
+}</code></pre></div>
+
+  <h5>2.  Declare Your Resource Requirements</h5>
+
+  <p>Next, modify your web application deployment descriptor
+  (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>) to declare the JNDI name under which
+  you will request new instances of this bean.  The simplest approach is
+  to use a <code>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;</code> element, like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;
+  &lt;description&gt;
+    Object factory for MyBean instances.
+  &lt;/description&gt;
+  &lt;resource-env-ref-name&gt;
+    bean/MyBeanFactory
+  &lt;/resource-env-ref-name&gt;
+  &lt;resource-env-ref-type&gt;
+    com.mycompany.MyBean
+  &lt;/resource-env-ref-type&gt;
+&lt;/resource-env-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - Be sure you respect the element ordering
+    that is required by the DTD for web application deployment descriptors!
+    See the
+    <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet
+    Specification</a> for details.</p>
+
+  <h5>3.  Code Your Application's Use Of This Resource</h5>
+
+  <p>A typical use of this resource environment reference might look
+  like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Context initCtx = new InitialContext();
+Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/env");
+MyBean bean = (MyBean) envCtx.lookup("bean/MyBeanFactory");
+
+writer.println("foo = " + bean.getFoo() + ", bar = " +
+               bean.getBar());</code></pre></div>
+
+    <h5>4.  Configure Tomcat's Resource Factory</h5>
+
+    <p>To configure Tomcat's resource factory, add an element like this to the
+    <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element for
+    this web application.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Resource name="bean/MyBeanFactory" auth="Container"
+            type="com.mycompany.MyBean"
+            factory="org.apache.naming.factory.BeanFactory"
+            bar="23"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that the resource name (here, <code>bean/MyBeanFactory</code>
+    must match the value specified in the web application deployment
+    descriptor.  We are also initializing the value of the <code>bar</code>
+    property, which will cause <code>setBar(23)</code> to be called before
+    the new bean is returned.  Because we are not initializing the
+    <code>foo</code> property (although we could have), the bean will
+    contain whatever default value is set up by its constructor.</p>
+
+    <p>If the bean property is of type <code>String</code>, the BeanFactory
+    will call the property setter using the provided property value. If the
+    bean property type is a primitive or a primitive wrapper, the the
+    BeanFactory will convert the value to the appropriate primitive or
+    primitive wrapper and then use that value when calling the setter. Some
+    beans have properties with types that cannot automatically be converted
+    from <code>String</code>. If the bean provides an alternative setter with
+    the same name that does take a <code>String</code>, the BeanFactory will
+    attempt to use that setter. If the BeanFactory cannot use the value or
+    perform an appropriate conversion, setting the property will fail with a
+    NamingException.</p>
+
+    <p>The <code>forceString</code> property available in earlier Tomcat
+    releases has been removed as a security hardening measure.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Memory_UserDatabase_Resources">Memory UserDatabase Resources</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <h5>0.  Introduction</h5>
+
+    <p>UserDatabase resources are typically configured as global resources for
+    use by a UserDatabase realm. Tomcat includes a UserDatabaseFactory that
+    creates UserDatabase resources backed by an XML file - usually
+    <code>tomcat-users.xml</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>The steps required to set up a global UserDatabase resource are described
+    below.</p>
+
+    <h5>1. Create/edit the XML file</h5>
+
+    <p>The XML file is typically located at
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code> however, you are free to
+    locate the file anywhere on the file system. It is recommended that the XML
+    files are placed in <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf</code>. A typical XML would
+    look like:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
+&lt;tomcat-users&gt;
+  &lt;role rolename="tomcat"/&gt;
+  &lt;role rolename="role1"/&gt;
+  &lt;user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/&gt;
+  &lt;user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/&gt;
+  &lt;user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/&gt;
+&lt;/tomcat-users&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <h5>2.  Declare Your Resource</h5>
+
+    <p>Next, modify <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> to create the
+    UserDatabase resource based on your XML file. It should look something like
+    this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resource name="UserDatabase"
+          auth="Container"
+          type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
+          description="User database that can be updated and saved"
+          factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
+          pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml"
+          readonly="false" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The <code>pathname</code> attribute can be a URL, an absolute path or a
+    relative path. If relative, it is relative to <code>$CATALINA_BASE</code>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>The <code>readonly</code> attribute is optional and defaults to
+    <code>true</code> if not supplied. If the XML is writable then it will be
+    written to when Tomcat starts. <strong>WARNING:</strong> When the file is
+    written it will inherit the default file permissions for the user Tomcat
+    is running as. Ensure that these are appropriate to maintain the security
+    of your installation.</p>
+
+    <p>If referenced in a Realm, the UserDatabase will, by default, monitor
+    <code>pathname</code> for changes and reload the file if a change in the
+    last modified time is observed. This can be disabled by setting the
+    <code>watchSource</code> attribute to <code>false</code>.
+    </p>
+
+    <h5>3.  Configure the Realm</h5>
+
+    <p>Configure a UserDatabase Realm to use this resource as described in the
+    <a href="config/realm.html">Realm configuration documentation</a>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="DataSource_UserDatabase_Resources">DataSource UserDatabase Resources</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <h5>0.  Introduction</h5>
+
+    <p>Tomcat also include a <code>UserDatabase</code> that uses a
+    <code>DataSource</code> resource as the backend. The backend resource
+    must be declared in the same JNDI context as the user database that will use
+    it.</p>
+
+    <p>The steps required to set up a global UserDatabase resource are described
+    below.</p>
+
+    <h5>1. Database schema</h5>
+
+    <p>The database shema for the user database is flexible. It can be the same
+    as the schema used for the <code>DataSourceRealm</code>, with only a table
+    for users (user name, password), and another one listing the roles
+    associated with each user. To support the full <code>UserDatabase</code>
+    features, it must include additional tables for groups, and is
+    compatible with referential integrity between users, groups and roles.</p>
+
+    <p>The full featured schema with groups and referential integrity
+    could be:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>create table users (
+  user_name         varchar(32) not null primary key,
+  user_pass         varchar(64) not null,
+  user_fullname     varchar(128)
+  -- Add more attributes as needed
+);
+
+create table roles (
+  role_name         varchar(32) not null primary key,
+  role_description  varchar(128)
+);
+
+create table groups (
+  group_name        varchar(32) not null primary key,
+  group_description varchar(128)
+);
+
+create table user_roles (
+  user_name         varchar(32) references users(user_name),
+  role_name         varchar(32) references roles(role_name),
+  primary key (user_name, role_name)
+);
+
+create table user_groups (
+  user_name         varchar(32) references users(user_name),
+  group_name        varchar(32) references groups(group_name),
+  primary key (user_name, group_name)
+);
+
+create table group_roles (
+  group_name        varchar(32) references groups(group_name),
+  role_name         varchar(32) references roles(role_name),
+  primary key (group_name, role_name)
+);
+</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The minimal schema without the ability to use groups will be
+    (it is the same as for the <code>DataSourceRealm</code>):</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>create table users (
+  user_name         varchar(32) not null primary key,
+  user_pass         varchar(64) not null,
+  -- Add more attributes as needed
+);
+
+create table user_roles (
+  user_name         varchar(32),
+  role_name         varchar(32),
+  primary key (user_name, role_name)
+);
+</code></pre></div>
+
+    <h5>2.  Declare Your Resource</h5>
+
+    <p>Next, modify <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> to create the
+    UserDatabase resource based on your <code>DataSource</code> and its schema.
+    It should look something like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
+              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
+              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
+              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.DataSourceUserDatabaseFactory"
+              dataSourceName="jdbc/authority" readonly="false"
+              userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
+              userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name"
+              roleTable="roles" groupTable="groups" userGroupTable="user_groups"
+              groupRoleTable="group_roles" groupNameCol="group_name" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The <code>dataSourceName</code> attribute is the JNDI name of the
+    <code>DataSource</code> that will be the backend for the
+    <code>UserDatabase</code>. It must be declared in the same JNDI
+    <code>Context</code> as the <code>UserDatabase</code>. Please refer to the
+    <a href="#JDBC_Data_Sources"><code>DataSource</code> resources</a>
+    documentation for further instructions.</p>
+
+    <p>The <code>readonly</code> attribute is optional and defaults to
+    <code>true</code> if not supplied. If the database is writable then changes
+    made through the Tomcat management to the <code>UserDatabase</code> can
+    be persisted to the database using the <code>save</code> operation.</p>
+
+    <p>Alternately, changes can also be made directly to the backend database.
+    </p>
+
+    <h5>3.  Resource configuration</h5>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable"><tr><th style="width: 15%;">
+          Attribute
+        </th><th style="width: 85%;">
+          Description
+        </th></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">dataSourceName</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>The name of the JNDI JDBC DataSource for this UserDatabase.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">groupNameCol</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "groups", "group roles" and "user groups"
+        tables, that contains the group's name.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">groupRoleTable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "group roles" table, which must contain columns
+        named by the <code>groupNameCol</code> and <code>roleNameCol</code>
+        attributes.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">groupTable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "groups" table, which must contain columns named
+        by the <code>groupNameCol</code> attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">readonly</code></td><td>
+        <p>If this is set to <code>true</code>, then changes to the
+        <code>UserDatabase</code> can be persisted to the
+        <code>DataSource</code> by using the <code>save</code> method.
+        The default value is <code>true</code>.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleAndGroupDescriptionCol</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "roles" and "groups" tables, that contains
+        the description for the roles and groups.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleNameCol</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "roles", "user roles" and "group roles"
+        tables, which contains a role name assigned to the corresponding
+        user.</p>
+        <p>This attribute is <strong>required</strong> in majority of
+        configurations. See <strong>allRolesMode</strong> attribute of the
+        associated realm for a rare case when it can be omitted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">roleTable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "roles" table, which must contain columns named
+        by the <code>roleNameCol</code> attribute.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userCredCol</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "users" table, which contains
+        the user's credentials (i.e. password).  If a
+        <code>CredentialHandler</code> is specified, this component
+        will assume that the passwords have been encoded with the
+        specified algorithm.  Otherwise, they will be assumed to be
+        in clear text.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userGroupTable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "user groups" table, which must contain columns
+        named by the <code>userNameCol</code> and <code>groupNameCol</code>
+        attributes.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userNameCol</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "users", "user groups" and "user roles"
+        tables, that contains the user's username.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userFullNameCol</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the column, in the "users" table, that contains the user's
+        full name.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><code class="attributeName">userRoleTable</code></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "user roles" table, which must contain columns
+        named by the <code>userNameCol</code> and <code>roleNameCol</code>
+        attributes.</p>
+        <p>This attribute is <strong>required</strong> in majority of
+        configurations. See <strong>allRolesMode</strong> attribute of the
+        associated realm for a rare case when it can be omitted.</p>
+      </td></tr><tr><td><strong><code class="attributeName">userTable</code></strong></td><td>
+        <p>Name of the "users" table, which must contain columns named
+        by the <code>userNameCol</code> and <code>userCredCol</code>
+        attributes.</p>
+      </td></tr></table>
+
+    <h5>4.  Configure the Realm</h5>
+
+    <p>Configure a UserDatabase Realm to use this resource as described in the
+    <a href="config/realm.html">Realm configuration documentation</a>.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JavaMail_Sessions">JavaMail Sessions</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <h5>0.  Introduction</h5>
+
+    <p>In many web applications, sending electronic mail messages is a
+    required part of the system's functionality.  The
+    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javamail/index.html">Java Mail</a> API
+    makes this process relatively straightforward, but requires many
+    configuration details that the client application must be aware of
+    (including the name of the SMTP host to be used for message sending).</p>
+
+    <p>Tomcat includes a standard resource factory that will create
+    <code>javax.mail.Session</code> session instances for you, already
+    configured to connect to an SMTP server.
+    In this way, the application is totally insulated from changes in the
+    email server configuration environment - it simply asks for, and receives,
+    a preconfigured session whenever needed.</p>
+
+    <p>The steps required for this are outlined below.</p>
+
+    <h5>1.  Declare Your Resource Requirements</h5>
+
+    <p>The first thing you should do is modify the web application deployment
+    descriptor (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>) to declare the JNDI name under
+    which you will look up preconfigured sessions.  By convention, all such
+    names should resolve to the <code>mail</code> subcontext (relative to the
+    standard <code>java:comp/env</code> naming context that is the root of
+    all provided resource factories.  A typical <code>web.xml</code> entry
+    might look like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;
+  &lt;description&gt;
+    Resource reference to a factory for javax.mail.Session
+    instances that may be used for sending electronic mail
+    messages, preconfigured to connect to the appropriate
+    SMTP server.
+  &lt;/description&gt;
+  &lt;res-ref-name&gt;
+    mail/Session
+  &lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
+  &lt;res-type&gt;
+    javax.mail.Session
+  &lt;/res-type&gt;
+  &lt;res-auth&gt;
+    Container
+  &lt;/res-auth&gt;
+&lt;/resource-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - Be sure you respect the element ordering
+    that is required by the DTD for web application deployment descriptors!
+    See the
+    <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet
+    Specification</a> for details.</p>
+
+    <h5>2.  Code Your Application's Use Of This Resource</h5>
+
+    <p>A typical use of this resource reference might look like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Context initCtx = new InitialContext();
+Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/env");
+Session session = (Session) envCtx.lookup("mail/Session");
+
+Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
+message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(request.getParameter("from")));
+InternetAddress to[] = new InternetAddress[1];
+to[0] = new InternetAddress(request.getParameter("to"));
+message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
+message.setSubject(request.getParameter("subject"));
+message.setContent(request.getParameter("content"), "text/plain");
+Transport.send(message);</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that the application uses the same resource reference name
+    that was declared in the web application deployment descriptor.  This
+    is matched up against the resource factory that is configured in the
+    <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element
+    for the web application as described below.</p>
+
+    <h5>3.  Configure Tomcat's Resource Factory</h5>
+
+    <p>To configure Tomcat's resource factory, add an elements like this to the
+    <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element for
+    this web application.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Resource name="mail/Session" auth="Container"
+            type="javax.mail.Session"
+            mail.smtp.host="localhost"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that the resource name (here, <code>mail/Session</code>) must
+    match the value specified in the web application deployment descriptor.
+    Customize the value of the <code>mail.smtp.host</code> parameter to
+    point at the server that provides SMTP service for your network.</p>
+
+    <p>Additional resource attributes and values will be converted to properties
+    and values and passed to
+    <code>javax.mail.Session.getInstance(java.util.Properties)</code> as part of
+    the <code>java.util.Properties</code> collection. In addition to the
+    properties defined in Annex A of the JavaMail specification, individual
+    providers may also support additional properties.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>If the resource is configured with a <code>password</code> attribute and
+    either a <code>mail.smtp.user</code> or <code>mail.user</code> attribute
+    then Tomcat's resource factory will configure and add a
+    <code>javax.mail.Authenticator</code> to the mail session.</p>
+
+    <h5>4.  Install the JavaMail libraries</h5>
+
+    <p><a href="http://javamail.java.net/">
+    Download the JavaMail API</a>.</p>
+
+    <p>Unpackage the distribution and place mail.jar  into $CATALINA_HOME/lib so
+    that it is available to Tomcat during the initialization of the mail Session
+    Resource. <strong>Note:</strong> placing this jar in both $CATALINA_HOME/lib
+    and a  web application's lib folder will cause an error, so ensure you have
+    it in the $CATALINA_HOME/lib location only.
+    </p>
+
+    <h5>5.  Restart Tomcat</h5>
+
+    <p>For the additional JAR to be visible to Tomcat, it is necessary for the
+    Tomcat instance to be restarted.</p>
+
+
+    <h5>Example Application</h5>
+
+    <p>The <code>/examples</code> application included with Tomcat contains
+    an example of utilizing this resource factory.  It is accessed via the
+    "JSP Examples" link.  The source code for the servlet that actually
+    sends the mail message is in
+    <code>/WEB-INF/classes/SendMailServlet.java</code>.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - The default configuration assumes that there
+    is an SMTP server listing on port 25 on <code>localhost</code>. If this is
+    not the case, edit the
+    <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element for
+    this web application and modify the parameter value for the
+    <code>mail.smtp.host</code> parameter to be the host name of an SMTP server
+    on your network.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JDBC_Data_Sources">JDBC Data Sources</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <h5>0.  Introduction</h5>
+
+    <p>Many web applications need to access a database via a JDBC driver,
+    to support the functionality required by that application.  The Java EE
+    Platform Specification requires Java EE Application Servers to make
+    available a <em>DataSource</em> implementation (that is, a connection
+    pool for JDBC connections) for this purpose.  Tomcat offers exactly
+    the same support, so that database-based applications you develop on
+    Tomcat using this service will run unchanged on any Java EE server.</p>
+
+    <p>For information about JDBC, you should consult the following:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/jdbc/index.html">
+        http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/jdbc/index.html</a> -
+        Home page for information about Java Database Connectivity.</li>
+    <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jdbc/spec2/jdbc2.1.frame.html">http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jdbc/spec2/jdbc2.1.frame.html</a> -
+        The JDBC 2.1 API Specification.</li>
+    <li><a href="http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/jdbc20.stdext.pdf">http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/jdbc20.stdext.pdf</a> -
+        The JDBC 2.0 Standard Extension API (including the
+        <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> API).  This package is now known
+        as the "JDBC Optional Package".</li>
+    <li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/overview/index.htm">
+        http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/overview/index.htm</a> -
+        The Java EE Platform Specification (covers the JDBC facilities that
+        all Java EE platforms must provide to applications).</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p><strong>NOTE</strong> - The default data source support in Tomcat
+    is based on the <strong>DBCP 2</strong> connection pool from the
+    <a href="https://commons.apache.org/">Commons</a>
+    project.  However, it is possible to use any other connection pool
+    that implements <code>javax.sql.DataSource</code>, by writing your
+    own custom resource factory, as described
+    <a href="#Adding_Custom_Resource_Factories">below</a>.</p>
+
+    <h5>1.  Install Your JDBC Driver</h5>
+
+    <p>Use of the <em>JDBC Data Sources</em> JNDI Resource Factory requires
+    that you make an appropriate JDBC driver available to both Tomcat internal
+    classes and to your web application.  This is most easily accomplished by
+    installing the driver's JAR file(s) into the
+    <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code> directory, which makes the driver
+    available both to the resource factory and to your application.</p>
+
+    <h5>2.  Declare Your Resource Requirements</h5>
+
+    <p>Next, modify the web application deployment descriptor
+    (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>) to declare the JNDI name under
+    which you will look up preconfigured data source.  By convention, all such
+    names should resolve to the <code>jdbc</code> subcontext (relative to the
+    standard <code>java:comp/env</code> naming context that is the root of
+    all provided resource factories.  A typical <code>web.xml</code> entry
+    might look like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;
+  &lt;description&gt;
+    Resource reference to a factory for java.sql.Connection
+    instances that may be used for talking to a particular
+    database that is configured in the &lt;Context&gt;
+    configuration for the web application.
+  &lt;/description&gt;
+  &lt;res-ref-name&gt;
+    jdbc/EmployeeDB
+  &lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
+  &lt;res-type&gt;
+    javax.sql.DataSource
+  &lt;/res-type&gt;
+  &lt;res-auth&gt;
+    Container
+  &lt;/res-auth&gt;
+&lt;/resource-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - Be sure you respect the element ordering
+    that is required by the DTD for web application deployment descriptors!
+    See the
+    <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet
+    Specification</a> for details.</p>
+
+    <h5>3.  Code Your Application's Use Of This Resource</h5>
+
+    <p>A typical use of this resource reference might look like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Context initCtx = new InitialContext();
+Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/env");
+DataSource ds = (DataSource)
+  envCtx.lookup("jdbc/EmployeeDB");
+
+Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
+... use this connection to access the database ...
+conn.close();</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that the application uses the same resource reference name that was
+    declared in the web application deployment descriptor. This is matched up
+    against the resource factory that is configured in the
+    <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element for
+    the web application as described below.</p>
+
+    <h5>4.  Configure Tomcat's Resource Factory</h5>
+
+    <p>To configure Tomcat's resource factory, add an element like this to the
+    <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element for
+    the web application.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Resource name="jdbc/EmployeeDB"
+            auth="Container"
+            type="javax.sql.DataSource"
+            username="dbusername"
+            password="dbpassword"
+            driverClassName="org.hsql.jdbcDriver"
+            url="jdbc:HypersonicSQL:database"
+            maxTotal="8"
+            maxIdle="4"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that the resource name (here, <code>jdbc/EmployeeDB</code>) must
+    match the value specified in the web application deployment descriptor.</p>
+
+    <p>This example assumes that you are using the HypersonicSQL database
+    JDBC driver.  Customize the <code>driverClassName</code> and
+    <code>driverName</code> parameters to match your actual database's
+    JDBC driver and connection URL.</p>
+
+    <p>The configuration properties for Tomcat's standard data source
+    resource factory
+    (<code>org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory</code>) are
+    as follows:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><strong>driverClassName</strong> - Fully qualified Java class name
+        of the JDBC driver to be used.</li>
+    <li><strong>username</strong> - Database username to be passed to our
+        JDBC driver.</li>
+    <li><strong>password</strong> - Database password to be passed to our
+        JDBC driver.</li>
+    <li><strong>url</strong> - Connection URL to be passed to our JDBC driver.
+        (For backwards compatibility, the property <code>driverName</code>
+        is also recognized.)</li>
+    <li><strong>initialSize</strong> - The initial number of connections
+        that will be created in the pool during pool initialization. Default: 0</li>
+    <li><strong>maxTotal</strong> - The maximum number of connections
+        that can be allocated from this pool at the same time. Default: 8</li>
+    <li><strong>minIdle</strong> - The minimum number of connections that
+        will sit idle in this pool at the same time. Default: 0</li>
+    <li><strong>maxIdle</strong> - The maximum number of connections that
+        can sit idle in this pool at the same time. Default: 8</li>
+    <li><strong>maxWaitMillis</strong> - The maximum number of milliseconds that the
+        pool will wait (when there are no available connections) for a
+        connection to be returned before throwing an exception. Default: -1 (infinite)</li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>Some additional properties handle connection validation:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><strong>validationQuery</strong> - SQL query that can be used by the
+        pool to validate connections before they are returned to the
+        application.  If specified, this query MUST be an SQL SELECT
+        statement that returns at least one row.</li>
+    <li><strong>validationQueryTimeout</strong> - Timeout in seconds
+        for the validation query to return. Default: -1 (infinite)</li>
+    <li><strong>testOnBorrow</strong> - true or false: whether a connection
+        should be validated using the validation query each time it is
+        borrowed from the pool. Default: true</li>
+    <li><strong>testOnReturn</strong> - true or false: whether a connection
+        should be validated using the validation query each time it is
+        returned to the pool. Default: false</li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>The optional evictor thread is responsible for shrinking the pool
+    by removing any connections which are idle for a long time. The evictor
+    does not respect <code>minIdle</code>. Note that you do not need to
+    activate the evictor thread if you only want the pool to shrink according
+    to the configured <code>maxIdle</code> property.</p>
+    <p>The evictor is disabled by default and can be configured using
+    the following properties:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><strong>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</strong> - The number of
+        milliseconds between consecutive runs of the evictor.
+        Default: -1 (disabled)</li>
+    <li><strong>numTestsPerEvictionRun</strong> - The number of connections
+        that will be checked for idleness by the evictor during each
+        run of the evictor. Default: 3</li>
+    <li><strong>minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</strong> - The idle time in
+        milliseconds after which a connection can be removed from the pool
+        by the evictor. Default: 30*60*1000 (30 minutes)</li>
+    <li><strong>testWhileIdle</strong> - true or false: whether a connection
+        should be validated by the evictor thread using the validation query
+        while sitting idle in the pool. Default: false</li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>Another optional feature is the removal of abandoned connections.
+    A connection is called abandoned if the application does not return it
+    to the pool for a long time. The pool can close such connections
+    automatically and remove them from the pool. This is a workaround
+    for applications leaking connections.</p>
+    <p>The abandoning feature is disabled by default and can be configured
+    using the following properties:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><strong>removeAbandonedOnBorrow</strong> - true or false: whether to
+        remove abandoned connections from the pool when a connection is
+        borrowed. Default: false</li>
+    <li><strong>removeAbandonedOnMaintenance</strong> - true or false: whether
+        to remove abandoned connections from the pool during pool maintenance.
+        Default: false</li>
+    <li><strong>removeAbandonedTimeout</strong> - The number of
+        seconds after which a borrowed connection is assumed to be abandoned.
+        Default: 300</li>
+    <li><strong>logAbandoned</strong> - true or false: whether to log
+        stack traces for application code which abandoned a statement
+        or connection. This adds serious overhead. Default: false</li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>Finally there are various properties that allow further fine tuning
+    of the pool behaviour:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li><strong>defaultAutoCommit</strong> - true or false: default
+        auto-commit state of the connections created by this pool.
+        Default: true</li>
+    <li><strong>defaultReadOnly</strong> - true or false: default
+        read-only state of the connections created by this pool.
+        Default: false</li>
+    <li><strong>defaultTransactionIsolation</strong> - This sets the
+        default transaction isolation level. Can be one of
+        <code>NONE</code>, <code>READ_COMMITTED</code>,
+        <code>READ_UNCOMMITTED</code>, <code>REPEATABLE_READ</code>,
+        <code>SERIALIZABLE</code>. Default: no default set</li>
+    <li><strong>poolPreparedStatements</strong> - true or false: whether to
+        pool PreparedStatements and CallableStatements. Default: false</li>
+    <li><strong>maxOpenPreparedStatements</strong> - The maximum number of open
+        statements that can be allocated from the statement pool at the same time.
+        Default: -1 (unlimited)</li>
+    <li><strong>defaultCatalog</strong> - The name of the default catalog.
+        Default: not set</li>
+    <li><strong>connectionInitSqls</strong> - A list of SQL statements
+        run once after a Connection is created. Separate multiple statements
+        by semicolons (<code>;</code>). Default: no statement</li>
+    <li><strong>connectionProperties</strong> - A list of driver specific
+        properties passed to the driver for creating connections. Each
+        property is given as <code>name=value</code>, multiple properties
+        are separated by semicolons (<code>;</code>). Default: no properties</li>
+    <li><strong>accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed</strong> - true or false: whether
+        accessing the underlying connections is allowed. Default: false</li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>For more details, please refer to the Commons DBCP 2 documentation.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Adding_Custom_Resource_Factories">Adding Custom Resource Factories</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>If none of the standard resource factories meet your needs, you can write
+  your own factory and integrate it into Tomcat, and then configure the use
+  of this factory in the
+  <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element for
+  the web application. In the example below, we will create a factory that only
+  knows how to create <code>com.mycompany.MyBean</code> beans from the
+  <a href="#Generic_JavaBean_Resources">Generic JavaBean Resources</a> example
+  above.</p>
+
+  <h4>1.  Write A Resource Factory Class</h4>
+
+  <p>You must write a class that implements the JNDI service provider
+  <code>javax.naming.spi.ObjectFactory</code> interface.  Every time your
+  web application calls <code>lookup()</code> on a context entry that is
+  bound to this factory (assuming that the factory is configured with
+  <code>singleton="false"</code>), the
+  <code>getObjectInstance()</code> method is called, with the following
+  arguments:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li><strong>Object obj</strong> - The (possibly null) object containing
+      location or reference information that can be used in creating an object.
+      For Tomcat, this will always be an object of type
+      <code>javax.naming.Reference</code>, which contains the class name of
+      this factory class, as well as the configuration properties (from the
+      <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> for the
+      web application) to use in creating objects to be returned.</li>
+  <li><strong>Name name</strong> - The name to which this factory is bound
+      relative to <code>nameCtx</code>, or <code>null</code> if no name
+      is specified.</li>
+  <li><strong>Context nameCtx</strong> - The context relative to which the
+      <code>name</code> parameter is specified, or <code>null</code> if
+      <code>name</code> is relative to the default initial context.</li>
+  <li><strong>Hashtable environment</strong> - The (possibly null)
+      environment that is used in creating this object.  This is generally
+      ignored in Tomcat object factories.</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <p>To create a resource factory that knows how to produce <code>MyBean</code>
+  instances, you might create a class like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>package com.mycompany;
+
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import javax.naming.Context;
+import javax.naming.Name;
+import javax.naming.NamingException;
+import javax.naming.RefAddr;
+import javax.naming.Reference;
+import javax.naming.spi.ObjectFactory;
+
+public class MyBeanFactory implements ObjectFactory {
+
+  public Object getObjectInstance(Object obj,
+      Name name2, Context nameCtx, Hashtable environment)
+      throws NamingException {
+
+      // Acquire an instance of our specified bean class
+      MyBean bean = new MyBean();
+
+      // Customize the bean properties from our attributes
+      Reference ref = (Reference) obj;
+      Enumeration addrs = ref.getAll();
+      while (addrs.hasMoreElements()) {
+          RefAddr addr = (RefAddr) addrs.nextElement();
+          String name = addr.getType();
+          String value = (String) addr.getContent();
+          if (name.equals("foo")) {
+              bean.setFoo(value);
+          } else if (name.equals("bar")) {
+              try {
+                  bean.setBar(Integer.parseInt(value));
+              } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                  throw new NamingException("Invalid 'bar' value " + value);
+              }
+          }
+      }
+
+      // Return the customized instance
+      return (bean);
+
+  }
+
+}</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>In this example, we are unconditionally creating a new instance of
+  the <code>com.mycompany.MyBean</code> class, and populating its properties
+  based on the parameters included in the <code>&lt;ResourceParams&gt;</code>
+  element that configures this factory (see below).  You should note that any
+  parameter named <code>factory</code> should be skipped - that parameter is
+  used to specify the name of the factory class itself (in this case,
+  <code>com.mycompany.MyBeanFactory</code>) rather than a property of the
+  bean being configured.</p>
+
+  <p>For more information about <code>ObjectFactory</code>, see the
+  <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/jndi/index.html">
+  JNDI Service Provider Interface (SPI) Specification</a>.</p>
+
+  <p>You will need to compile this class against a class path that includes
+  all of the JAR files in the <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code> directory.  When you are through,
+  place the factory class (and the corresponding bean class) unpacked under
+  <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>, or in a JAR file inside
+  <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>.  In this way, the required class
+  files are visible to both Catalina internal resources and your web
+  application.</p>
+
+  <h4>2.  Declare Your Resource Requirements</h4>
+
+  <p>Next, modify your web application deployment descriptor
+  (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>) to declare the JNDI name under which
+  you will request new instances of this bean.  The simplest approach is
+  to use a <code>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;</code> element, like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-env-ref&gt;
+  &lt;description&gt;
+    Object factory for MyBean instances.
+  &lt;/description&gt;
+  &lt;resource-env-ref-name&gt;
+    bean/MyBeanFactory
+  &lt;/resource-env-ref-name&gt;
+  &lt;resource-env-ref-type&gt;
+    com.mycompany.MyBean
+  &lt;/resource-env-ref-type&gt;
+&lt;/resource-env-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - Be sure you respect the element ordering
+    that is required by the DTD for web application deployment descriptors!
+    See the
+    <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet
+    Specification</a> for details.</p>
+
+  <h4>3.  Code Your Application's Use Of This Resource</h4>
+
+  <p>A typical use of this resource environment reference might look
+  like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Context initCtx = new InitialContext();
+Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/env");
+MyBean bean = (MyBean) envCtx.lookup("bean/MyBeanFactory");
+
+writer.println("foo = " + bean.getFoo() + ", bar = " +
+               bean.getBar());</code></pre></div>
+
+    <h4>4.  Configure Tomcat's Resource Factory</h4>
+
+    <p>To configure Tomcat's resource factory, add an elements like this to the
+    <a href="config/context.html"><code>&lt;Context&gt;</code></a> element for
+    this web application.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context ...&gt;
+  ...
+  &lt;Resource name="bean/MyBeanFactory" auth="Container"
+            type="com.mycompany.MyBean"
+            factory="com.mycompany.MyBeanFactory"
+            singleton="false"
+            bar="23"/&gt;
+  ...
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Note that the resource name (here, <code>bean/MyBeanFactory</code>
+    must match the value specified in the web application deployment
+    descriptor.  We are also initializing the value of the <code>bar</code>
+    property, which will cause <code>setBar(23)</code> to be called before
+    the new bean is returned.  Because we are not initializing the
+    <code>foo</code> property (although we could have), the bean will
+    contain whatever default value is set up by its constructor.</p>
+
+    <p>You will also note that, from the application developer's perspective,
+    the declaration of the resource environment reference, and the programming
+    used to request new instances, is identical to the approach used for the
+    <em>Generic JavaBean Resources</em> example.  This illustrates one of the
+    advantages of using JNDI resources to encapsulate functionality - you can
+    change the underlying implementation without necessarily having to
+    modify applications using the resources, as long as you maintain
+    compatible APIs.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jspapi/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jspapi/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4b65c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/jspapi/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>API docs</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+The JSP Javadoc is not installed by default. Download and install
+the "fulldocs" package to get it.
+
+You can also access the javadoc online in the Tomcat
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/">
+documentation bundle</a>.
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/logging.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/logging.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a20a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/logging.html
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Logging in Tomcat</title><meta name="author" content="Allistair Crossley"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Logging in Tomcat</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a><ol><li><a href="#Java_logging_API_%E2%80%94_java.util.logging">Java logging API &mdash; java.util.logging</a></li><li><a href="#Servlets_logging_API">Servlets logging API</a></li><li><a href="#Console">Console</a></li><li><a href="#Access_logging">Access logging</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Using_java.util.logging_(default)">Using java.util.logging (default)</a><ol><li><a href="#Documentation_references">Documentation references</a></li><li><a href="#Considerations_for_production_usage">Considerations for production usage</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      The internal logging for Apache Tomcat uses JULI, a packaged renamed fork
+      of <a href="https://commons.apache.org/logging">Apache Commons Logging</a>
+      that is hard-coded to use the <code>java.util.logging</code> framework.
+      This ensures that Tomcat's internal logging and any web application
+      logging will remain independent, even if a web application uses Apache
+      Commons Logging.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      To configure Tomcat to use an alternative logging framework for its
+      internal logging, follow the instructions provided by the alternative
+      logging framework for redirecting logging for applications that use
+      <code>java.util.logging</code>. Keep in mind that the alternative logging
+      framework will need to be capable of working in an environment where
+      different loggers with the same name may exist in different class loaders.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      A web application running on Apache Tomcat can:
+    </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        Use any logging framework of its choice.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Use system logging API, <code>java.util.logging</code>.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        Use the logging API provided by the Java Servlets specification,
+        <code>javax.servlet.ServletContext.log(...)</code>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      The logging frameworks used by different web applications are independent.
+      See <a href="class-loader-howto.html">class loading</a> for more details.
+      The exception to this rule is <code>java.util.logging</code>. If it is
+      used directly or indirectly by your logging library then elements of it
+      will be shared across web applications because it is loaded by the system
+      class loader.
+    </p>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Java_logging_API_&mdash;_java.util.logging">Java logging API &mdash; java.util.logging</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      Apache Tomcat has its own implementation of several key elements of
+      <code>java.util.logging</code> API. This implementation is called JULI.
+      The key component there is a custom LogManager implementation,
+      that is aware of different web applications running on Tomcat (and
+      their different class loaders). It supports private per-application
+      logging configurations. It is also notified by Tomcat when a web application
+      is unloaded from memory, so that the references to its classes can be
+      cleared, preventing memory leaks.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      This <code>java.util.logging</code> implementation is enabled by providing
+      certain system properties when starting Java. The Apache Tomcat startup
+      scripts do this for you, but if you are using different tools to run
+      Tomcat (such as jsvc, or running Tomcat from within an IDE), you should
+      take care of them by yourself.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      More details about java.util.logging may be found in the documentation
+      for your JDK and on its Javadoc pages for the <code>java.util.logging</code>
+      package.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      More details about Tomcat JULI may be found below.
+    </p>
+
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Servlets_logging_API">Servlets logging API</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      The calls to <code>javax.servlet.ServletContext.log(...)</code> to write
+      log messages are handled by internal Tomcat logging. Such messages are
+      logged to the category named
+    </p>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[${engine}].[${host}].[${context}]</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+      This logging is performed according to the Tomcat logging configuration. You
+      cannot overwrite it in a web application.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      The Servlets logging API predates the <code>java.util.logging</code> API
+      that is now provided by Java. As such, it does not offer you much options.
+      E.g., you cannot control the log levels. It can be noted, though, that
+      in Apache Tomcat implementation the calls to <code>ServletContext.log(String)</code>
+      or <code>GenericServlet.log(String)</code> are logged at the INFO level.
+      The calls to <code>ServletContext.log(String, Throwable)</code> or
+      <code>GenericServlet.log(String, Throwable)</code>
+      are logged at the SEVERE level.
+    </p>
+
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Console">Console</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      When running Tomcat on unixes, the console output is usually redirected
+      to the file named <code>catalina.out</code>. The name is configurable
+      using an environment variable. (See the startup scripts).
+      Whatever is written to <code>System.err/out</code> will be caught into
+      that file. That may include:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>Uncaught exceptions printed by <code>java.lang.ThreadGroup.uncaughtException(..)</code></li>
+      <li>Thread dumps, if you requested them via a system signal</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      When running as a service on Windows, the console output is also caught
+      and redirected, but the file names are different.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      The default logging configuration in Apache Tomcat writes the same
+      messages to the console and to a log file. This is great when using
+      Tomcat for development, but usually is not needed in production.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      Old applications that still use <code>System.out</code> or <code>System.err</code>
+      can be tricked by setting <code>swallowOutput</code> attribute on a
+      <a href="config/context.html">Context</a>. If the attribute is set to
+      <code>true</code>, the calls to <code>System.out/err</code> during request
+      processing will be intercepted, and their output will be fed to the
+      logging subsystem using the
+      <code>javax.servlet.ServletContext.log(...)</code> calls.<br>
+      <strong>Note</strong>, that the <code>swallowOutput</code>  feature is
+      actually a trick, and it has its limitations.
+      It works only with direct calls to <code>System.out/err</code>,
+      and only during request processing cycle. It may not work in other
+      threads that might be created by the application. It cannot be used to
+      intercept logging frameworks that themselves write to the system streams,
+      as those start early and may obtain a direct reference to the streams
+      before the redirection takes place.
+    </p>
+
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Access_logging">Access logging</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      Access logging is a related but different feature, which is
+      implemented as a <code>Valve</code>. It uses self-contained
+      logic to write its log files. The essential requirement for
+      access logging is to handle a large continuous stream of data
+      with low overhead, so it only uses Apache Commons Logging for
+      its own debug messages. This implementation approach avoids
+      additional overhead and potentially complex configuration.
+      Please refer to the <a href="config/valve.html#Access_Logging">Valves</a>
+      documentation for more details on its configuration, including
+      the various report formats.
+    </p>
+
+    </div></div>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Using_java.util.logging_(default)">Using java.util.logging (default)</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>
+    The default implementation of java.util.logging provided in the JDK is too
+    limited to be useful. The key limitation is the inability to have per-web
+    application logging, as the configuration is per-VM. As a result, Tomcat
+    will, in the default configuration, replace the default LogManager
+    implementation with a container friendly implementation called JULI, which
+    addresses these shortcomings.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    JULI supports the same configuration mechanisms as the standard JDK
+    <code>java.util.logging</code>, using either a programmatic approach, or
+    properties files. The main difference is that per-classloader properties
+    files can be set (which enables easy redeployment friendly webapp
+    configuration), and the properties files support extended constructs which
+    allows more freedom for defining handlers and assigning them to loggers.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    JULI is enabled by default, and supports per classloader configuration, in
+    addition to the regular global java.util.logging configuration. This means
+    that logging can be configured at the following layers:
+  </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>Globally. That is usually done in the
+        <code>${catalina.base}/conf/logging.properties</code> file.
+        The file is specified by the <code>java.util.logging.config.file</code>
+        System property which is set by the startup scripts.
+        If it is not readable or is not configured, the default is to use the
+        <code>${java.home}/lib/logging.properties</code> file in the JRE.
+      </li>
+      <li>In the web application. The file will be
+        <code>WEB-INF/classes/logging.properties</code>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+  <p>
+    The default <code>logging.properties</code> in the JRE specifies a
+    <code>ConsoleHandler</code> that routes logging to System.err.
+    The default <code>conf/logging.properties</code> in Apache Tomcat also
+    adds several <code>AsyncFileHandler</code>s that write to files.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    A handler's log level threshold is <code>INFO</code> by default and can be set using
+    <code>SEVERE</code>, <code>WARNING</code>, <code>INFO</code>, <code>CONFIG</code>,
+    <code>FINE</code>, <code>FINER</code>, <code>FINEST</code> or <code>ALL</code>.
+    You can also target specific packages to collect logging from and specify
+    a level.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    To enable debug logging for part of Tomcat's internals, you should
+    configure both the appropriate logger(s) and the appropriate handler(s) to
+    use the <code>FINEST</code> or <code>ALL</code> level. e.g.:
+  </p>
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>org.apache.catalina.session.level=ALL
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level=ALL</code></pre></div>
+  <p>
+    When enabling debug logging it is recommended that it is enabled for the
+    narrowest possible scope as debug logging can generate large amounts of
+    information.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    The configuration used by JULI is the same as the one supported by plain
+    <code>java.util.logging</code>, but uses a few extensions to allow better
+    flexibility in configuring loggers and handlers. The main differences are:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+      <li>A prefix may be added to handler names, so that multiple handlers of a
+      single class may be instantiated. A prefix is a String which starts with a
+      digit, and ends with '.'. For example, <code>22foobar.</code> is a valid
+      prefix.</li>
+      <li>System property replacement is performed for property values which
+      contain <code>${systemPropertyName}</code>.</li>
+      <li>If using a class loader that implements the
+      <code>org.apache.juli.WebappProperties</code> interface (Tomcat's
+      web application class loader does) then property replacement is also
+      performed for <code>${classloader.webappName}</code>,
+      <code>${classloader.hostName}</code> and
+      <code>${classloader.serviceName}</code> which are replaced with the
+      web application name, the host name and the service name respectively.
+      </li>
+      <li>By default, loggers will not delegate to their parent if they have
+      associated handlers. This may be changed per logger using the
+      <code>loggerName.useParentHandlers</code> property, which accepts a
+      boolean value.</li>
+      <li>The root logger can define its set of handlers using the
+      <code>.handlers</code> property.</li>
+      <li> By default the log files will be kept on the file system for
+      <code>90</code> days. This may be changed per handler using the
+      <code>handlerName.maxDays</code> property. If the specified value for the
+      property is <code>&le;0</code> then the log files will be kept on the
+      file system forever, otherwise they will be kept the specified maximum
+      days.</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>
+    There are several additional implementation classes, that can be used
+    together with the ones provided by Java. The notable ones are
+    <code>org.apache.juli.FileHandler</code> and <code>org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler</code>.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <code>org.apache.juli.FileHandler</code> supports buffering of the
+      logs. The buffering is not enabled by default. To configure it, use the
+      <code>bufferSize</code> property of a handler. The value of <code>0</code>
+      uses system default buffering (typically an 8K buffer will be used). A
+      value of <code>&lt;0</code> forces a writer flush upon each log write. A
+      value <code>&gt;0</code> uses a BufferedOutputStream with the defined
+      value but note that the system default buffering will also be
+      applied.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <code>org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler</code> is a subclass of <code>FileHandler</code>
+      that queues the log messages and writes them asynchronously to the log files.
+      Its additional behaviour can be configured by setting some
+      <a href="config/systemprops.html#Logging">system properties</a>.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    Example logging.properties file to be placed in $CATALINA_BASE/conf:
+  </p>
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, \
+           2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, \
+           3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, \
+           java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
+
+.handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
+
+############################################################
+# Handler specific properties.
+# Describes specific configuration info for Handlers.
+############################################################
+
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = catalina.
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.maxDays = 90
+1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = localhost.
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.maxDays = 90
+2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
+3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = manager.
+3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.bufferSize = 16384
+3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.maxDays = 90
+3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = java.util.logging.OneLineFormatter
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = UTF-8
+
+############################################################
+# Facility specific properties.
+# Provides extra control for each logger.
+############################################################
+
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].level = INFO
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].handlers = \
+   2localhost.org.apache.juli.FileHandler
+
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].level = INFO
+org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].[/manager].handlers = \
+   3manager.org.apache.juli.FileHandler
+
+# For example, set the org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase logger to log
+# each component that extends LifecycleBase changing state:
+#org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.level = FINE</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>
+      Example logging.properties for the servlet-examples web application to be
+      placed in WEB-INF/classes inside the web application:
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>handlers = org.apache.juli.FileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
+
+############################################################
+# Handler specific properties.
+# Describes specific configuration info for Handlers.
+############################################################
+
+org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
+org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
+org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = ${classloader.webappName}.
+
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = java.util.logging.OneLineFormatter</code></pre></div>
+
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Documentation_references">Documentation references</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>See the following resources for additional information:</p>
+      <ul>
+        <li>Apache Tomcat Javadoc for the
+          <a href="api/org/apache/juli/package-summary.html"><code>org.apache.juli</code></a>
+          package.
+        </li>
+        <li>Oracle Java 8 Javadoc for the
+          <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/logging/package-summary.html"><code>java.util.logging</code></a>
+          package.
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Considerations_for_production_usage">Considerations for production usage</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>You may want to take note of the following:</p>
+      <ul>
+        <li>Consider removing <code>ConsoleHandler</code> from configuration. By
+        default (thanks to the <code>.handlers</code> setting) logging goes both
+        to a <code>FileHandler</code> and to a <code>ConsoleHandler</code>. The
+        output of the latter one is usually captured into a file, such as
+        <code>catalina.out</code>. Thus you end up with two copies of the same
+        messages.</li>
+        <li>Consider removing <code>FileHandler</code>s for the applications
+        that you do not use. E.g., the one for <code>host-manager</code>.</li>
+        <li>The handlers by default use the system default encoding to write
+        the log files. It can be configured with <code>encoding</code> property.
+        See Javadoc for details.</li>
+        <li>Consider configuring an
+        <a href="config/valve.html#Access_Logging">Access log</a>.</li>
+      </ul>
+    </div></div>
+
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,1433 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Manager App How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Manager App How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Manager_Application_Access">Configuring Manager Application Access</a></li><li><a href="#HTML_User-friendly_Interface">HTML User-friendly Interface</a></li><li><a href="#Supported_Manager_Commands">Supported Manager Commands</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Parameters">Common Parameters</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_A_New_Application_Archive_(WAR)_Remotely">Deploy A New Application Archive (WAR) Remotely</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_A_New_Application_from_a_Local_Path">Deploy A New Application from a Local Path</a><ol><li><a href="#Deploy_a_previously_deployed_webapp">Deploy a previously deployed webapp</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_a_Directory_or_WAR_by_URL">Deploy a Directory or WAR by URL</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_a_Directory_or_War_from_the_Host_appBase">Deploy a Directory or War from the Host appBase</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_using_a_Context_configuration_%22.xml%22_file">Deploy using a Context configuration ".xml" file</a></li><li><a href="#Deployment_Notes">Deployment Notes</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_Response">Deploy Response</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#List_Currently_Deployed_Applications">List Currently Deployed Applications</a></li><li><a href="#Reload_An_Existing_Application">Reload An Existing Application</a></li><li><a href="#List_OS_and_JVM_Properties">List OS and JVM Properties</a></li><li><a href="#List_Available_Global_JNDI_Resources">List Available Global JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="#Session_Statistics">Session Statistics</a></li><li><a href="#Expire_Sessions">Expire Sessions</a></li><li><a href="#Start_an_Existing_Application">Start an Existing Application</a></li><li><a href="#Stop_an_Existing_Application">Stop an Existing Application</a></li><li><a href="#Undeploy_an_Existing_Application">Undeploy an Existing Application</a></li><li><a href="#Finding_memory_leaks">Finding memory leaks</a></li><li><a href="#Connector_SSL/TLS_cipher_information">Connector SSL/TLS cipher information</a></li><li><a href="#Connector_SSL/TLS_certificate_chain_information">Connector SSL/TLS certificate chain information</a></li><li><a href="#Connector_SSL/TLS_trusted_certificate_information">Connector SSL/TLS trusted certificate information</a></li><li><a href="#Reload_TLS_configuration">Reload TLS configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Thread_Dump">Thread Dump</a></li><li><a href="#VM_Info">VM Info</a></li><li><a href="#Save_Configuration">Save Configuration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Server_Status">Server Status</a></li><li><a href="#Using_the_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">Using the JMX Proxy Servlet</a><ol><li><a href="#What_is_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">What is JMX Proxy Servlet</a></li><li><a href="#JMX_Query_command">JMX Query command</a></li><li><a href="#JMX_Get_command">JMX Get command</a></li><li><a href="#JMX_Set_command">JMX Set command</a></li><li><a href="#JMX_Invoke_command">JMX Invoke command</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Executing_Manager_Commands_With_Ant">Executing Manager Commands With Ant</a><ol><li><a href="#Tasks_output_capture">Tasks output capture</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>In many production environments, it is very useful to have the capability
+to deploy a new web application, or undeploy an existing one, without having
+to shut down and restart the entire container.  In addition, you can request
+an existing application to reload itself, even if you have not declared it
+to be <code>reloadable</code> in the Tomcat server
+configuration file.</p>
+
+<p>To support these capabilities, Tomcat includes a web application
+(installed by default on context path <code>/manager</code>) that supports
+the following functions:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Deploy a new web application from the uploaded contents of a WAR file.</li>
+<li>Deploy a new web application, on a specified context path, from the
+    server file system.</li>
+<li>List the currently deployed web applications, as well as the
+    sessions that are currently active for those web apps.</li>
+<li>Reload an existing web application, to reflect changes in the
+    contents of <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> or <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code>.
+    </li>
+<li>List the OS and JVM property values.</li>
+<li>List the available global JNDI resources, for use in deployment
+    tools that are preparing <code>&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</code> elements
+    nested in a <code>&lt;Context&gt;</code> deployment description.</li>
+<li>Start a stopped application (thus making it available again).</li>
+<li>Stop an existing application (so that it becomes unavailable), but
+    do not undeploy it.</li>
+<li>Undeploy a deployed web application and delete its document base
+    directory (unless it was deployed from file system).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>A default Tomcat installation includes an instance of the Manager application
+configured for the default virtual host. If you create additional virtual hosts,
+you may wish to add an instance of the Manager application to one or more of
+those Hosts. To add an instance of the Manager web application
+<code>Context</code> to a new host install the <code>manager.xml</code> context
+configuration file in the
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]</code> folder. Here is an
+example:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false"
+         docBase="${catalina.home}/webapps/manager"&gt;
+  &lt;CookieProcessor className="org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor"
+                   sameSiteCookies="strict" /&gt;
+  &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" /&gt;
+  &lt;Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/&gt;
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>There are three ways to use the <strong>Manager</strong> web application.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>As an application with a user interface you use in your browser.
+Here is an example URL where you can replace <code>localhost</code> with
+your website host name:  <code>http://localhost:8080/manager/html</code> .</li>
+<li>A minimal version using HTTP requests only which is suitable for use
+by scripts setup by system administrators.  Commands are given as part of the
+request URI, and responses are in the form of simple text that can be easily
+parsed and processed.  See <a href="#Supported_Manager_Commands">
+Supported Manager Commands</a> for more information.</li>
+<li>A convenient set of task definitions for the <em>Ant</em>
+(version 1.4 or later) build tool.  See
+<a href="#Executing_Manager_Commands_With_Ant">Executing Manager Commands
+With Ant</a> for more information.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><h3 id="Configuring_Manager_Application_Access">Configuring Manager Application Access</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+    <p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+
+<p>It would be quite unsafe to ship Tomcat with default settings that allowed
+anyone on the Internet to execute the Manager application on your server.
+Therefore, the Manager application is shipped with the requirement that anyone
+who attempts to use it must authenticate themselves, using a username and
+password that have one of <strong>manager-xxx</strong> roles associated with
+them (the role name depends on what functionality is required).
+Further, there is no username in the default users file
+(<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>) that is assigned to those
+roles.  Therefore, access to the Manager application is completely disabled
+by default.</p>
+
+<p>You can find the role names in the <code>web.xml</code> file of the Manager
+web application. The available roles are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li><strong>manager-gui</strong> &mdash; Access to the HTML interface.</li>
+  <li><strong>manager-status</strong> &mdash; Access to the "Server Status"
+    page only.</li>
+  <li><strong>manager-script</strong> &mdash; Access to the tools-friendly
+    plain text interface that is described in this document,
+    and to the "Server Status" page.</li>
+  <li><strong>manager-jmx</strong> &mdash; Access to JMX proxy interface
+    and to the "Server Status" page.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The HTML interface is protected against CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
+attacks, but the text and JMX interfaces cannot be protected. It means that
+users who are allowed access to the text and JMX interfaces have to be cautious
+when accessing the Manager application with a web browser.
+To maintain the CSRF protection:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>If you use web browser to access the Manager application using
+      a user that has either <strong>manager-script</strong> or
+      <strong>manager-jmx</strong> roles (for example for testing
+      the plain text or JMX interfaces), you MUST close all windows
+      of the browser afterwards to terminate the session.
+      If you do not close the browser and visit other sites, you may become
+      victim of a CSRF attack.</li>
+  <li>It is recommended to never grant
+      the <strong>manager-script</strong> or <strong>manager-jmx</strong>
+      roles to users that have the <strong>manager-gui</strong> role.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>Note</strong> that JMX proxy interface is effectively low-level root-like
+administrative interface of Tomcat. One can do a lot, if one knows
+what commands to call. You should be cautious when enabling the
+<strong>manager-jmx</strong> role.</p>
+
+<p>To enable access to the Manager web application, you must either create
+a new username/password combination and associate one of the
+<strong>manager-xxx</strong> roles with it, or add a
+<strong>manager-xxx</strong> role
+to some existing username/password combination.
+As the majority of this document describes the using the text interface, this
+example will use the role name <strong>manager-script</strong>.
+Exactly how the usernames/passwords are configured depends on which
+<a href="config/realm.html">Realm implementation</a> you are using:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>UserDatabaseRealm</em> plus <em>MemoryUserDatabase</em>, or <em>MemoryRealm</em>
+    &mdash; The <em>UserDatabaseRealm</em> and <em>MemoryUserDatabase</em> are
+    configured in the default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code>.
+    Both <em>MemoryUserDatabase</em> and <em>MemoryRealm</em> read an
+    XML-format file by default stored at
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>, which can be
+    edited with any text editor.  This file contains an XML
+    <code>&lt;user&gt;</code> for each individual user, which might
+    look something like this:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;user username="craigmcc" password="secret" roles="standard,manager-script" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    which defines the username and password used by this individual to
+    log on, and the role names they are associated with.  You can
+    add the <strong>manager-script</strong> role to the comma-delimited
+    <code>roles</code> attribute for one or more existing users, and/or
+    create new users with that assigned role.</li>
+<li><em>DataSourceRealm</em> or <em>JDBCRealm</em>
+    &mdash; Your user and role information is stored in
+    a database accessed via JDBC.  Add the <strong>manager-script</strong> role
+    to one or more existing users, and/or create one or more new users
+    with this role assigned, following the standard procedures for your
+    environment.</li>
+<li><em>JNDIRealm</em> &mdash; Your user and role information is stored in
+    a directory server accessed via LDAP.  Add the
+    <strong>manager-script</strong> role to one or more existing users,
+    and/or create one or more new users with this role assigned, following
+    the standard procedures for your environment.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The first time you attempt to issue one of the Manager commands
+described in the next section, you will be challenged to log on using
+BASIC authentication.  The username and password you enter do not matter,
+as long as they identify a valid user in the users database who possesses
+the role <strong>manager-script</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to the password restrictions, access to the Manager web
+application can be restricted by the <strong>remote IP address</strong> or host
+by adding a <code>RemoteAddrValve</code> or <code>RemoteHostValve</code>.
+See <a href="config/valve.html#Remote_Address_Filter">valves documentation</a>
+for details. Here is
+an example of restricting access to the localhost by IP address:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context privileged="true"&gt;
+         &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+                allow="127\.0\.0\.1"/&gt;
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="HTML_User-friendly_Interface">HTML User-friendly Interface</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>The user-friendly HTML interface of Manager web application is located at</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://{host}:{port}/manager/html</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>As has already been mentioned above, you need <strong>manager-gui</strong>
+role to be allowed to access it. There is a separate document that provides
+help on this interface. See:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="html-manager-howto.html">HTML Manager documentation</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The HTML interface is protected against CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
+attacks. Each access to the HTML pages generates a random token, which is
+stored in your session and is included in all links on the page. If your next
+action does not have correct value of the token, the action will be denied.
+If the token has expired you can start again from the main page or
+<em>List Applications</em> page of Manager.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Supported_Manager_Commands">Supported Manager Commands</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>All commands that the Manager application knows how to process are
+specified in a single request URI like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://{host}:{port}/manager/text/{command}?{parameters}</code></pre></div>
+<p>where <code>{host}</code> and <code>{port}</code> represent the hostname
+and port number on which Tomcat is running, <code>{command}</code>
+represents the Manager command you wish to execute, and
+<code>{parameters}</code> represents the query parameters
+that are specific to that command.  In the illustrations below, customize
+the host and port appropriately for your installation.</p>
+
+<p>The commands are usually executed by HTTP GET requests. The
+<code>/deploy</code> command has a form that is executed by an HTTP PUT request.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Parameters">Common Parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Most commands accept one or more of the following query parameters:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>path</strong> - The context path (including the leading slash)
+    of the web application you are dealing with.  To select the ROOT web
+    application, specify "/".
+    <br>
+    <strong>NOTE</strong>: It is not possible to perform administrative commands
+    on the Manager application itself.
+    <br>
+    <strong>NOTE</strong>: If the path parameter is not explicitly specified
+    then the path and the version will be derived using the standard
+    <a href="config/context.html#Naming">Context naming</a> rules from the
+    config parameter or, if the config parameter is not present, the war
+    parameter.</li>
+<li><strong>version</strong> - The version of this web application as used by
+    the <a href="config/context.html">parallel deployment</a> feature. If you
+    use parallel deployment wherever a path is required you must specify a
+    version in addition to the path and it is the combination of path and
+    version that must be unique rather than just the path.
+    <br>
+    <strong>NOTE</strong>: If the path is not explicitly specified, the version
+    parameter is ignored.</li>
+<li><strong>war</strong> - URL of a web application archive (WAR) file, or
+    pathname of a directory which contains the web application, or a
+    Context configuration ".xml" file.  You can use URLs in any of the
+    following formats:
+    <ul>
+    <li><strong>file:/absolute/path/to/a/directory</strong> - The absolute
+        path of a directory that contains the unpacked version of a web
+        application.  This directory will be attached to the context path
+        you specify without any changes.</li>
+    <li><strong>file:/absolute/path/to/a/webapp.war</strong> - The absolute
+        path of a web application archive (WAR) file.  This is valid
+        <strong>only</strong> for the <code>/deploy</code> command, and is
+        the only acceptable format to that command.</li>
+    <li><strong>file:/absolute/path/to/a/context.xml</strong> - The
+        absolute path of a web application Context configuration ".xml"
+        file which contains the Context configuration element.</li>
+    <li><strong>directory</strong> - The directory name for the web
+        application context in the Host's application base directory.</li>
+    <li><strong>webapp.war</strong> - The name of a web application war file
+        located in the Host's application base directory.</li>
+    </ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Each command will return a response in <code>text/plain</code> format
+(i.e. plain ASCII with no HTML markup), making it easy for both humans and
+programs to read).  The first line of the response will begin with either
+<code>OK</code> or <code>FAIL</code>, indicating whether the requested
+command was successful or not.  In the case of failure, the rest of the first
+line will contain a description of the problem that was encountered.  Some
+commands include additional lines of information as described below.</p>
+
+<p><em>Internationalization Note</em> - The Manager application looks up
+its message strings in resource bundles, so it is possible that the strings
+have been translated for your platform.  The examples below show the English
+version of the messages.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_A_New_Application_Archive_(WAR)_Remotely">Deploy A New Application Archive (WAR) Remotely</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/foo</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Upload the web application archive (WAR) file that is specified as the
+request data in this HTTP PUT request, install it into the <code>appBase</code>
+directory of our corresponding virtual host, and start, deriving the name for
+the WAR file added to the <code>appBase</code> from the specified path. The
+application can later be undeployed (and the corresponding WAR file removed) by
+use of the <code>/undeploy</code> command.</p>
+
+<p>This command is executed by an HTTP PUT request.</p>
+
+<p>The .WAR file may include Tomcat specific deployment configuration, by
+including a Context configuration XML file in
+<code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>.</p>
+
+<p>URL parameters include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>update</code>: When set to true, any existing update will be
+    undeployed first. The default value is set to false.</li>
+<li><code>tag</code>: Specifying a tag name, this allows associating the
+    deployed webapp with a tag or label. If the web application is undeployed,
+    it can be later redeployed when needed using only the tag.</li>
+<li><code>config </code>: URL of a Context configuration ".xml" file in the
+    format <strong>file:/absolute/path/to/a/context.xml</strong>. This must be
+    the absolute path of a web application Context configuration ".xml" file
+    which contains the Context configuration element.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><strong>NOTE</strong> - This command is the logical
+opposite of the <code>/undeploy</code> command.</p>
+
+<p>If installation and startup is successful, you will receive a response
+like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Deployed application at context path /foo</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Application already exists at path /foo</em>
+    <p>The context paths for all currently running web applications must be
+    unique.  Therefore, you must undeploy the existing web
+    application using this context path, or choose a different context path
+    for the new one. The <code>update</code> parameter may be specified as
+    a parameter on the URL, with a value of <code>true</code> to avoid this
+    error. In that case, an undeploy will be performed on an existing
+    application before performing the deployment.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to start the new web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details, but likely explanations include
+    problems parsing your <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file, or missing
+    classes encountered when initializing application event listeners and
+    filters.</p>
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_A_New_Application_from_a_Local_Path">Deploy A New Application from a Local Path</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Deploy and start a new web application, attached to the specified context
+<code>path</code> (which must not be in use by any other web application).
+This command is the logical opposite of the <code>/undeploy</code> command.</p>
+
+<p>This command is executed by an HTTP GET request.
+There are a number of different ways the deploy command can be used.</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_a_previously_deployed_webapp">Deploy a previously deployed webapp</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/footoo&amp;tag=footag</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>This can be used to deploy a previously deployed web application, which
+has been deployed using the <code>tag</code> attribute. Note that the work
+directory of the Manager webapp will contain the previously deployed WARs;
+removing it would make the deployment fail.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_a_Directory_or_WAR_by_URL">Deploy a Directory or WAR by URL</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Deploy a web application directory or ".war" file located on the Tomcat
+server. If no <code>path</code> is specified, the path and version are derived
+from the directory name or the war file name. The <code>war</code> parameter
+specifies a URL (including the <code>file:</code> scheme) for either
+a directory or a web application archive (WAR) file. The supported syntax for
+a URL referring to a WAR file is described on the Javadocs page for the
+<code>java.net.JarURLConnection</code> class.  Use only URLs that refer to
+the entire WAR file.</p>
+
+<p>In this example the web application located in the directory
+<code>/path/to/foo</code> on the Tomcat server is deployed as the
+web application context named <code>/footoo</code>.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/footoo&amp;war=file:/path/to/foo</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>In this example the ".war" file <code>/path/to/bar.war</code> on the
+Tomcat server is deployed as the web application context named
+<code>/bar</code>. Notice that there is no <code>path</code> parameter
+so the context path defaults to the name of the web application archive
+file without the ".war" extension.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?war=file:/path/to/bar.war</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_a_Directory_or_War_from_the_Host_appBase">Deploy a Directory or War from the Host appBase</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Deploy a web application directory or ".war" file located in your Host
+appBase directory. The path and optional version are derived from the directory
+or war file name.</p>
+
+<p>In this example the web application located in a sub directory named
+<code>foo</code> in the Host appBase directory of the Tomcat server is
+deployed as the web application context named <code>/foo</code>. Notice
+that the context path used is the name of the web application directory.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?war=foo</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>In this example the ".war" file <code>bar.war</code> located in your
+Host appBase directory on the Tomcat server is deployed as the web
+application context named <code>/bar</code>.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?war=bar.war</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_using_a_Context_configuration_&quot;.xml&quot;_file">Deploy using a Context configuration ".xml" file</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>If the Host deployXML flag is set to true you can deploy a web
+application using a Context configuration ".xml" file and an optional
+".war" file or web application directory. The context <code>path</code>
+is not used when deploying a web application using a context ".xml"
+configuration file.</p>
+
+<p>A Context configuration ".xml" file can contain valid XML for a
+web application Context just as if it were configured in your
+Tomcat <code>server.xml</code> configuration file. Here is an
+example:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context path="/foobar" docBase="/path/to/application/foobar"&gt;
+&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>When the optional <code>war</code> parameter is set to the URL
+for a web application ".war" file or directory it overrides any
+docBase configured in the context configuration ".xml" file.</p>
+
+<p>Here is an example of deploying an application using a Context
+configuration ".xml" file.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?config=file:/path/context.xml</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>Here is an example of deploying an application using a Context
+configuration ".xml" file and a web application ".war" file located
+on the server.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy
+ ?config=file:/path/context.xml&amp;war=file:/path/bar.war</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deployment_Notes">Deployment Notes</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>If the Host is configured with unpackWARs=true and you deploy a war
+file, the war will be unpacked into a directory in your Host appBase
+directory.</p>
+
+<p>If the application war or directory is installed in your Host appBase
+directory and either the Host is configured with autoDeploy=true or the
+Context path must match the directory name or war file name without the
+".war" extension.</p>
+
+<p>For security when untrusted users can manage web applications, the
+Host deployXML flag can be set to false.  This prevents untrusted users
+from deploying web applications using a configuration XML file and
+also prevents them from deploying application directories or ".war"
+files located outside of their Host appBase.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_Response">Deploy Response</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>If installation and startup is successful, you will receive a response
+like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Deployed application at context path /foo</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Application already exists at path /foo</em>
+    <p>The context paths for all currently running web applications must be
+    unique.  Therefore, you must undeploy the existing web
+    application using this context path, or choose a different context path
+    for the new one. The <code>update</code> parameter may be specified as
+    a parameter on the URL, with a value of <code>true</code> to avoid this
+    error. In that case, an undeploy will be performed on an existing
+    application before performing the deployment.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Document base does not exist or is not a readable directory</em>
+    <p>The URL specified by the <code>war</code> parameter must identify a
+    directory on this server that contains the "unpacked" version of a
+    web application, or the absolute URL of a web application archive (WAR)
+    file that contains this application.  Correct the value specified by
+    the <code>war</code> parameter.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to start the new web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details, but likely explanations include
+    problems parsing your <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file, or missing
+    classes encountered when initializing application event listeners and
+    filters.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid application URL was specified</em>
+    <p>The URL for the directory or web application that you specified
+    was not valid.  Such URLs must start with <code>file:</code>, and URLs
+    for a WAR file must end in ".war".</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
+    ROOT web application use "/".</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Context path must match the directory or WAR file name:</em>
+    <p>If the application war or directory is installed in your Host appBase
+    directory and either the Host is configured with autoDeploy=true the
+    Context path must match the directory name or war file name without
+    the ".war" extension.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Only web applications in the Host web application directory can
+     be installed</em>
+     <p>
+     If the Host deployXML flag is set to false this error will happen
+     if an attempt is made to deploy a web application directory or
+      ".war" file outside of the Host appBase directory.
+     </p></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="List_Currently_Deployed_Applications">List Currently Deployed Applications</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/list</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>List the context paths, current status (<code>running</code> or
+<code>stopped</code>), and number of active sessions for all currently
+deployed web applications.  A typical response immediately
+after starting Tomcat might look like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Listed applications for virtual host localhost
+/webdav:running:0:webdav
+/examples:running:0:examples
+/manager:running:0:manager
+/:running:0:ROOT
+/test:running:0:test##2
+/test:running:0:test##1</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Reload_An_Existing_Application">Reload An Existing Application</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/reload?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Signal an existing application to shut itself down and reload.  This can
+be useful when the web application context is not reloadable and you have
+updated classes or property files in the <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code>
+directory or when you have added or updated jar files in the
+<code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> directory.
+</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Reloaded application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to restart the web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
+    ROOT web application use "/".</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
+    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
+    that you specified.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
+    <p>
+    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
+    </p></li>
+<li><em>Reload not supported on WAR deployed at path /foo</em>
+    <p>
+    Currently, application reloading (to pick up changes to the classes or
+    <code>web.xml</code> file) is not supported when a web application is
+    deployed directly from a WAR file.  It only works when the web application
+    is deployed from an unpacked directory.  If you are using a WAR file,
+    you should <code>undeploy</code> and then <code>deploy</code> or
+    <code>deploy</code> with the <code>update</code> parameter the
+    application again to pick up your changes.
+    </p></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="List_OS_and_JVM_Properties">List OS and JVM Properties</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/serverinfo</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Lists information about the Tomcat version, OS, and JVM properties.</p>
+
+<p>If an error occurs, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and
+include an error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to enumerate the system properties.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="List_Available_Global_JNDI_Resources">List Available Global JNDI Resources</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/resources[?type=xxxxx]</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>List the global JNDI resources that are available for use in resource
+links for context configuration files.  If you specify the <code>type</code>
+request parameter, the value must be the fully qualified Java class name of
+the resource type you are interested in (for example, you would specify
+<code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> to acquire the names of all available
+JDBC data sources).  If you do not specify the <code>type</code> request
+parameter, resources of all types will be returned.</p>
+
+<p>Depending on whether the <code>type</code> request parameter is specified
+or not, the first line of a normal response will be:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Listed global resources of all types</code></pre></div>
+<p>or</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Listed global resources of type xxxxx</code></pre></div>
+<p>followed by one line for each resource.  Each line is composed of fields
+delimited by colon characters (":"), as follows:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Global Resource Name</em> - The name of this global JNDI resource,
+    which would be used in the <code>global</code> attribute of a
+    <code>&lt;ResourceLink&gt;</code> element.</li>
+<li><em>Global Resource Type</em> - The fully qualified Java class name of
+    this global JNDI resource.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If an error occurs, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and
+include an error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to enumerate the global JNDI
+    resources.  Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No global JNDI resources are available</em>
+    <p>The Tomcat server you are running has been configured without
+    global JNDI resources.</p>
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Session_Statistics">Session Statistics</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sessions?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Display the default session timeout for a web application, and the
+number of currently active sessions that fall within one-minute ranges of
+their actual timeout times.  For example, after restarting Tomcat and then
+executing one of the JSP samples in the <code>/examples</code> web app,
+you might get something like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Session information for application at context path /examples
+Default maximum session inactive interval 30 minutes
+&lt;1 minutes: 1 sessions
+1 - &lt;2 minutes: 1 sessions</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Expire_Sessions">Expire Sessions</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/expire?path=/examples&amp;idle=num</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Display the session statistics (like the above <code>/sessions</code>
+command) and expire sessions that are idle for longer than <code>num</code>
+minutes. To expire all sessions, use <code>&amp;idle=0</code> .</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Session information for application at context path /examples
+Default maximum session inactive interval 30 minutes
+1 - &lt;2 minutes: 1 sessions
+3 - &lt;4 minutes: 1 sessions
+&gt;0 minutes: 2 sessions were expired</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Actually <code>/sessions</code> and <code>/expire</code> are synonyms for
+the same command. The difference is in the presence of <code>idle</code>
+parameter.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Start_an_Existing_Application">Start an Existing Application</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/start?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Signal a stopped application to restart, and make itself available again.
+Stopping and starting is useful, for example, if the database required by
+your application becomes temporarily unavailable.  It is usually better to
+stop the web application that relies on this database rather than letting
+users continuously encounter database exceptions.</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Started application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to start the web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
+    ROOT web application use "/".</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
+    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
+    that you specified.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
+    <p>
+    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
+    </p></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Stop_an_Existing_Application">Stop an Existing Application</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/stop?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Signal an existing application to make itself unavailable, but leave it
+deployed.  Any request that comes in while an application is
+stopped will see an HTTP error 404, and this application will show as
+"stopped" on a list applications command.</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Stopped application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to stop the web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
+    ROOT web application use "/".</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
+    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
+    that you specified.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
+    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Undeploy_an_Existing_Application">Undeploy an Existing Application</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p><strong><span style="color: red;">WARNING</span> - This command will delete any web
+application artifacts that exist within <code>appBase</code> directory
+(typically "webapps") for this virtual host</strong>.
+This will delete the application .WAR, if present,
+the application directory resulting either from a deploy in unpacked form
+or from .WAR expansion as well as the XML Context definition from
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/</code> directory.
+If you simply want to take an application
+out of service, you should use the <code>/stop</code> command instead.</p>
+
+<p>Signal an existing application to gracefully shut itself down, and
+remove it from Tomcat (which also makes this context path available for
+reuse later).  In addition, the document root directory is removed, if it
+exists in the <code>appBase</code> directory (typically "webapps") for
+this virtual host.  This command is the logical opposite of the
+<code>/deploy</code> command.</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Undeployed application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
+error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
+    <p>An exception was encountered trying to undeploy the web application.
+    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
+    <p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
+    ROOT web application use "/".</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context exists named /foo</em>
+    <p>There is no deployed application with the name that you specified.</p>
+    </li>
+<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
+    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Finding_memory_leaks">Finding memory leaks</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/findleaks[?statusLine=[true|false]]</code></pre></div>
+
+<p><strong>The find leaks diagnostic triggers a full garbage collection. It
+should be used with extreme caution on production systems.</strong></p>
+
+<p>The find leaks diagnostic attempts to identify web applications that have
+caused memory leaks when they were stopped, reloaded or undeployed. Results
+should always be confirmed
+with a profiler. The diagnostic uses additional functionality provided by the
+StandardHost implementation. It will not work if a custom host is used that
+does not extend StandardHost.</p>
+
+<p>Explicitly triggering a full garbage collection from Java code is documented
+to be unreliable. Furthermore, depending on the JVM used, there are options to
+disable explicit GC triggering, like <code>-XX:+DisableExplicitGC</code>.
+If you want to make sure, that the diagnostics were successfully running a full
+GC, you will need to check using tools like GC logging, JConsole or similar.</p>
+
+<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>/leaking-webapp</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>If you wish to see a status line included in the response then include the
+<code>statusLine</code> query parameter in the request with a value of
+<code>true</code>.</p>
+
+<p>Each context path for a web application that was stopped, reloaded or
+undeployed, but which classes from the previous runs are still loaded in memory,
+thus causing a memory leak, will be listed on a new line. If an application
+has been reloaded several times, it may be listed several times.</p>
+
+<p>If the command does not succeed, the response will start with
+<code>FAIL</code> and include an error message.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector_SSL/TLS_cipher_information">Connector SSL/TLS cipher information</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sslConnectorCiphers</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The SSL Connector/Ciphers diagnostic lists the SSL/TLS ciphers that are currently
+configured for each connector. For NIO and NIO2, the names of the individual
+cipher suites are listed. For APR, the value of SSLCipherSuite is returned.</p>
+
+<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Connector / SSL Cipher information
+Connector[HTTP/1.1-8080]
+  SSL is not enabled for this connector
+Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]
+  TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA
+  TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
+  TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
+  TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
+  ...</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector_SSL/TLS_certificate_chain_information">Connector SSL/TLS certificate chain information</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sslConnectorCerts</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The SSL Connector/Certs diagnostic lists the certificate chain that is
+currently configured for each virtual host.</p>
+
+<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Connector / Certificate Chain information
+Connector[HTTP/1.1-8080]
+SSL is not enabled for this connector
+Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]-_default_-RSA
+[
+[
+  Version: V3
+  Subject: CN=localhost, OU=Apache Tomcat PMC, O=The Apache Software Foundation, L=Wakefield, ST=MA, C=US
+  Signature Algorithm: SHA256withRSA, OID = 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11
+  ...</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector_SSL/TLS_trusted_certificate_information">Connector SSL/TLS trusted certificate information</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sslConnectorTrustedCerts</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The SSL Connector/Certs diagnostic lists the trusted certificates that are
+currently configured for each virtual host.</p>
+
+<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Connector / Trusted Certificate information
+Connector[HTTP/1.1-8080]
+SSL is not enabled for this connector
+Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]-_default_
+[
+[
+  Version: V3
+  Subject: CN=Apache Tomcat Test CA, OU=Apache Tomcat PMC, O=The Apache Software Foundation, L=Wakefield, ST=MA, C=US
+  ...</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Reload_TLS_configuration">Reload TLS configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sslReload?tlsHostName=name</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Reload the TLS configuration files (the certificate and key files, this does
+not trigger a re-parsing of server.xml). To reload the files for all hosts don't
+specify the <code>tlsHostName</code> parameter.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Reloaded TLS configuration for [_default_]</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Thread_Dump">Thread Dump</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/threaddump</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Write a JVM thread dump.</p>
+
+<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - JVM thread dump
+2014-12-08 07:24:40.080
+Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (25.25-b02 mixed mode):
+
+"http-nio-8080-exec-2" Id=26 cpu=46800300 ns usr=46800300 ns blocked 0 for -1 ms waited 0 for -1 ms
+   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
+        locks java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker@1738ad4
+        at sun.management.ThreadImpl.dumpThreads0(Native Method)
+        at sun.management.ThreadImpl.dumpAllThreads(ThreadImpl.java:446)
+        at org.apache.tomcat.util.Diagnostics.getThreadDump(Diagnostics.java:440)
+        at org.apache.tomcat.util.Diagnostics.getThreadDump(Diagnostics.java:409)
+        at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.threadDump(ManagerServlet.java:557)
+        at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.doGet(ManagerServlet.java:371)
+        at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:618)
+        at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:725)
+...
+</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="VM_Info">VM Info</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/vminfo</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Write some diagnostic information about Java Virtual Machine.</p>
+
+<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - VM info
+2014-12-08 07:27:32.578
+Runtime information:
+  vmName: Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM
+  vmVersion: 25.25-b02
+  vmVendor: Oracle Corporation
+  specName: Java Virtual Machine Specification
+  specVersion: 1.8
+  specVendor: Oracle Corporation
+  managementSpecVersion: 1.2
+  name: ...
+  startTime: 1418012458849
+  uptime: 393855
+  isBootClassPathSupported: true
+
+OS information:
+...
+</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Save_Configuration">Save Configuration</h4><div class="text">
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/save</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>If specified without any parameters, this command saves the current
+configuration of the server to server.xml. The existing file will be renamed as
+a backup if required.</p>
+
+<p>If specified with a <code>path</code> parameter that matches the path of
+a deployed web application then the configuration for that web application will
+be saved to an appropriately named context.xml file in the <code>xmlBase</code>
+for the current Host.</p>
+
+<p>To use the command a StoreConfig MBean must be present. Typically this is
+configured using the <a href="config/listeners.html#StoreConfig_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener">StoreConfigLifecycleListener</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>If the command does not succeed, the response will start with
+<code>FAIL</code> and include an error message.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Server_Status">Server Status</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>From the following links you can view Status information about the server.
+Any one of <strong>manager-xxx</strong> roles allows access to this page.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/status
+http://localhost:8080/manager/status/all</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Displays server status information in HTML format.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/status?XML=true
+http://localhost:8080/manager/status/all?XML=true</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Displays server status information in XML format.</p>
+
+<p>First, you have the server and JVM version number, JVM provider, OS name
+and number followed by the architecture type.</p>
+
+<p>Second, there is information about the memory usage of the JVM.</p>
+
+<p>Then, there is information about the Tomcat AJP and HTTP connectors.
+The same information is available for both of them :
+</p>
+<ul>
+    <li><p>Threads information : Max threads, min and max spare threads,
+    current thread count and current thread busy.</p></li>
+    <li><p>Request information : Max processing time and processing time,
+    request and error count, bytes received and sent.</p></li>
+    <li><p>A table showing Stage, Time, Bytes Sent, Bytes Receive, Client,
+    VHost and Request. All existing threads are listed in the table.
+    Here is the list of the possible thread stages :</p>
+    <ul>
+        <li><p><em>"Parse and Prepare Request"</em> : The request headers are
+        being parsed or the necessary preparation to read the request body (if
+        a transfer encoding has been specified) is taking place.</p></li>
+        <li><p><em>"Service"</em> : The thread is processing a request and
+        generating the response. This stage follows the "Parse and Prepare
+        Request" stage and precedes the "Finishing" stage. There is always at
+        least one thread in this stage (the server-status page).</p></li>
+        <li><p><em>"Finishing"</em> : The end of the request processing. Any
+        remainder of the response still in the output buffers is sent to the
+        client. This stage is followed by "Keep-Alive" if it is appropriate to
+        keep the connection alive or "Ready" if "Keep-Alive" is not
+        appropriate.</p></li>
+        <li><p><em>"Keep-Alive"</em> : The thread keeps the connection open to
+        the client in case the client sends another request. If another request
+        is received, the next stage will be "Parse and Prepare Request". If no
+        request is received before the keep alive times out, the connection will
+        be closed and the next stage will be "Ready".</p></li>
+        <li><p><em>"Ready"</em> : The thread is at rest and ready to be
+        used.</p></li>
+    </ul>
+    </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If you are using <code>/status/all</code> command, additional information
+on each of deployed web applications will be available.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Using_the_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">Using the JMX Proxy Servlet</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="What_is_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">What is JMX Proxy Servlet</h4><div class="text">
+    The JMX Proxy Servlet is a lightweight proxy to get and set the
+    tomcat internals. (Or any class that has been exposed via an MBean)
+    Its usage is not very user friendly but the UI is
+    extremely helpful for integrating command line scripts for monitoring
+    and changing the internals of tomcat. You can do two things with the proxy:
+    get information and set information. For you to really understand the
+    JMX Proxy Servlet, you should have a general understanding of JMX.
+    If you don't know what JMX is, then prepare to be confused.
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX_Query_command">JMX Query command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>This takes the form:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/?qry=STUFF</code></pre></div>
+    <p>Where <code>STUFF</code> is the JMX query you wish to perform. For example,
+    here are some queries you might wish to run:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>
+        <code>qry=*%3Atype%3DRequestProcessor%2C* --&gt;
+         type=RequestProcessor</code> which will locate all
+         workers which can process requests and report
+         their state.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <code>qry=*%3Aj2eeType=Servlet%2c* --&gt;
+            j2eeType=Servlet</code> which return all loaded servlets.
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <code>qry=Catalina%3Atype%3DEnvironment%2Cresourcetype%3DGlobal%2Cname%3DsimpleValue --&gt;
+            Catalina:type=Environment,resourcetype=Global,name=simpleValue</code>
+            which look for a specific MBean by the given name.
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <p>
+    You'll need to experiment with this to really understand its capabilities
+    If you provide no <code>qry</code> parameter, then all of the MBeans will
+    be displayed. We really recommend looking at the tomcat source code and
+    understand the JMX spec to get a better understanding of all the queries
+    you may run.
+    </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX_Get_command">JMX Get command</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    The JXMProxyServlet also supports a "get" command that you can use to
+    fetch the value of a specific MBean's attribute. The general form of
+    the <code>get</code> command is:
+  </p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/?get=BEANNAME&amp;att=MYATTRIBUTE&amp;key=MYKEY</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>You must provide the following parameters:</p>
+    <ol>
+      <li><code>get</code>: The full bean name</li>
+      <li><code>att</code>: The attribute you wish to fetch</li>
+      <li><code>key</code>: (optional) The key into a CompositeData MBean attribute</li>
+    </ol>
+    <p>
+    If all goes well, then it will say OK, otherwise an error message will
+    be shown. For example, let's say we wish to fetch the current heap memory
+    data:
+    </p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/?get=java.lang:type=Memory&amp;att=HeapMemoryUsage</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Or, if you only want the "used" key:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/
+ ?get=java.lang:type=Memory&amp;att=HeapMemoryUsage&amp;key=used</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX_Set_command">JMX Set command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>
+    Now that you can query an MBean, its time to muck with Tomcat's internals!
+    The general form of the set command is :
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/?set=BEANNAME&amp;att=MYATTRIBUTE&amp;val=NEWVALUE</code></pre></div>
+    <p>So you need to provide 3 request parameters:</p>
+    <ol>
+      <li><code>set</code>: The full bean name</li>
+      <li><code>att</code>: The attribute you wish to alter</li>
+      <li><code>val</code>: The new value </li>
+    </ol>
+    <p>
+    If all goes ok, then it will say OK, otherwise an error message will be
+    shown. For example, lets say we wish to turn up debugging on the fly for the
+    <code>ErrorReportValve</code>. The following will set debugging to 10.
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/jmxproxy/
+ ?set=Catalina%3Atype%3DValve%2Cname%3DErrorReportValve%2Chost%3Dlocalhost
+ &amp;att=debug&amp;val=10</code></pre></div>
+    <p>and my result is (YMMV):</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Result: ok</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Here is what I see if I pass in a bad value. Here is the URL I used,
+    I try set debugging equal to 'cow':</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/jmxproxy/
+ ?set=Catalina%3Atype%3DValve%2Cname%3DErrorReportValve%2Chost%3Dlocalhost
+ &amp;att=debug&amp;val=cow</code></pre></div>
+    <p>When I try that, my result is</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Error: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "cow"</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX_Invoke_command">JMX Invoke command</h4><div class="text">
+    <p>The <code>invoke</code> command enables methods to be called on MBeans. The
+    general form of the command is:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/
+ ?invoke=BEANNAME&amp;op=METHODNAME&amp;ps=COMMASEPARATEDPARAMETERS</code></pre></div>
+    <p>For example, to call the <code>findConnectors()</code> method of the
+    <strong>Service</strong> use:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/jmxproxy/
+ ?invoke=Catalina%3Atype%3DService&amp;op=findConnectors&amp;ps=</code></pre></div>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Executing_Manager_Commands_With_Ant">Executing Manager Commands With Ant</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>In addition to the ability to execute Manager commands via HTTP requests,
+as documented above, Tomcat includes a convenient set of Task definitions
+for the <em>Ant</em> (version 1.4 or later) build tool.  In order to use these
+commands, you must perform the following setup operations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download the binary distribution of Ant from
+    <a href="https://ant.apache.org">https://ant.apache.org</a>.
+    You must use version <strong>1.4</strong> or later.</li>
+<li>Install the Ant distribution in a convenient directory (called
+    ANT_HOME in the remainder of these instructions).</li>
+<li>Add the <code>$ANT_HOME/bin</code> directory to your <code>PATH</code>
+    environment variable.</li>
+<li>Configure at least one username/password combination in your Tomcat
+    user database that includes the <code>manager-script</code> role.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>To use custom tasks within Ant, you must declare them first with an
+<code>&lt;import&gt;</code> element.  Therefore, your <code>build.xml</code>
+file might look something like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;project name="My Application" default="compile" basedir="."&gt;
+
+  &lt;!-- Configure the directory into which the web application is built --&gt;
+  &lt;property name="build"    value="${basedir}/build"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;!-- Configure the context path for this application --&gt;
+  &lt;property name="path"     value="/myapp"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;!-- Configure properties to access the Manager application --&gt;
+  &lt;property name="url"      value="http://localhost:8080/manager/text"/&gt;
+  &lt;property name="username" value="myusername"/&gt;
+  &lt;property name="password" value="mypassword"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;!-- Configure the path to the Tomcat installation --&gt;
+  &lt;property name="catalina.home" value="/usr/local/apache-tomcat"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;!-- Configure the custom Ant tasks for the Manager application --&gt;
+  &lt;import file="${catalina.home}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;!-- Executable Targets --&gt;
+  &lt;target name="compile" description="Compile web application"&gt;
+    &lt;!-- ... construct web application in ${build} subdirectory, and
+            generated a ${path}.war ... --&gt;
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+  &lt;target name="deploy" description="Install web application"
+          depends="compile"&gt;
+    &lt;deploy url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}"
+            path="${path}" war="file:${build}${path}.war"/&gt;
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+  &lt;target name="reload" description="Reload web application"
+          depends="compile"&gt;
+    &lt;reload  url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}"
+            path="${path}"/&gt;
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+  &lt;target name="undeploy" description="Remove web application"&gt;
+    &lt;undeploy url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}"
+            path="${path}"/&gt;
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+&lt;/project&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Note: The definition of the resources task via the import above will override
+the resources datatype added in Ant 1.7. If you wish to use the resources
+datatype you will need to use Ant's namespace support to modify
+<code>catalina-tasks.xml</code> to assign the Tomcat tasks to their own
+namespace.</p>
+
+<p>Now, you can execute commands like <code>ant deploy</code> to deploy the
+application to a running instance of Tomcat, or <code>ant reload</code> to
+tell Tomcat to reload it.  Note also that most of the interesting values in
+this <code>build.xml</code> file are defined as replaceable properties, so
+you can override their values from the command line.  For example, you might
+consider it a security risk to include the real manager password in your
+<code>build.xml</code> file's source code.  To avoid this, omit the password
+property, and specify it from the command line:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>ant -Dpassword=secret deploy</code></pre></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tasks_output_capture">Tasks output capture</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Using <em>Ant</em> version <strong>1.6.2</strong> or later,
+the Catalina tasks offer the option to capture their output in
+properties or external files. They support directly the following subset of the
+<code>&lt;redirector&gt;</code> type attributes:
+</p>
+
+<table class="defaultTable">
+<tr>
+<th>Attribute</th>
+<th>Description</th>
+<th style="text-align: center;">Required</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>output</td>
+<td>Name of a file to which to write the output. If
+the error stream is not also redirected to a file or property, it will
+appear in this output.</td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>error</td>
+<td>The file to which the standard error of the
+command should be redirected.</td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>logError</td>
+<td>This attribute is used when you wish to see
+error output in Ant's log and you are redirecting output to a
+file/property. The error output will not be included in the output
+file/property. If you redirect error with the <i>error</i> or <i>errorProperty</i>
+attributes, this will have no effect.</td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>append</td>
+<td>Whether output and error files should be
+appended to or overwritten. Defaults to <code>false</code>.</td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>createemptyfiles</td>
+<td>Whether output and error files should be created
+even when empty. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>outputproperty</td>
+<td>The name of a property in which the output of
+the command should be stored. Unless the error stream is redirected to
+a separate file or stream, this property will include the error output.</td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>errorproperty</td>
+<td>The name of a property in which the standard
+error of the command should be stored.</td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>A couple of additional attributes can also be specified:
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+<tr>
+<th>Attribute</th>
+<th>Description</th>
+<th style="text-align: center;">Required</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>alwaysLog</td>
+<td>This attribute is used when you wish to see the
+output you are capturing, appearing also in the Ant's log. It must not be
+used unless you are capturing task output.
+Defaults to <code>false</code>.
+<em>This attribute will be supported directly by <code>&lt;redirector&gt;</code>
+in Ant 1.6.3</em></td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>failonerror</td>
+<td>This attribute is used when you wish to avoid that
+any manager command processing error terminates the ant execution. Defaults to <code>true</code>.
+It must be set to <code>false</code>, if you want to capture error output,
+otherwise execution will terminate before anything can be captured.
+<br>
+This attribute acts only on manager command execution,
+any wrong or missing command attribute will still cause Ant execution termination.
+</td>
+<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>They also support the embedded <code>&lt;redirector&gt;</code> element
+in which you can specify
+its full set of attributes, but <code>input</code>, <code>inputstring</code> and
+<code>inputencoding</code> that, even if accepted, are not used because they have
+no meaning in this context.
+Refer to <a href="https://ant.apache.org">ant manual</a> for details on
+<code>&lt;redirector&gt;</code> element attributes.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Here is a sample build file extract that shows how this output redirection support
+can be used:
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>    &lt;target name="manager.deploy"
+        depends="context.status"
+        if="context.notInstalled"&gt;
+        &lt;deploy url="${mgr.url}"
+            username="${mgr.username}"
+            password="${mgr.password}"
+            path="${mgr.context.path}"
+            config="${mgr.context.descriptor}"/&gt;
+    &lt;/target&gt;
+
+    &lt;target name="manager.deploy.war"
+        depends="context.status"
+        if="context.deployable"&gt;
+        &lt;deploy url="${mgr.url}"
+            username="${mgr.username}"
+            password="${mgr.password}"
+            update="${mgr.update}"
+            path="${mgr.context.path}"
+            war="${mgr.war.file}"/&gt;
+    &lt;/target&gt;
+
+    &lt;target name="context.status"&gt;
+        &lt;property name="running" value="${mgr.context.path}:running"/&gt;
+        &lt;property name="stopped" value="${mgr.context.path}:stopped"/&gt;
+
+        &lt;list url="${mgr.url}"
+            outputproperty="ctx.status"
+            username="${mgr.username}"
+            password="${mgr.password}"&gt;
+        &lt;/list&gt;
+
+        &lt;condition property="context.running"&gt;
+            &lt;contains string="${ctx.status}" substring="${running}"/&gt;
+        &lt;/condition&gt;
+        &lt;condition property="context.stopped"&gt;
+            &lt;contains string="${ctx.status}" substring="${stopped}"/&gt;
+        &lt;/condition&gt;
+        &lt;condition property="context.notInstalled"&gt;
+            &lt;and&gt;
+                &lt;isfalse value="${context.running}"/&gt;
+                &lt;isfalse value="${context.stopped}"/&gt;
+            &lt;/and&gt;
+        &lt;/condition&gt;
+        &lt;condition property="context.deployable"&gt;
+            &lt;or&gt;
+                &lt;istrue value="${context.notInstalled}"/&gt;
+                &lt;and&gt;
+                    &lt;istrue value="${context.running}"/&gt;
+                    &lt;istrue value="${mgr.update}"/&gt;
+                &lt;/and&gt;
+                &lt;and&gt;
+                    &lt;istrue value="${context.stopped}"/&gt;
+                    &lt;istrue value="${mgr.update}"/&gt;
+                &lt;/and&gt;
+            &lt;/or&gt;
+        &lt;/condition&gt;
+        &lt;condition property="context.undeployable"&gt;
+            &lt;or&gt;
+                &lt;istrue value="${context.running}"/&gt;
+                &lt;istrue value="${context.stopped}"/&gt;
+            &lt;/or&gt;
+        &lt;/condition&gt;
+    &lt;/target&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p><strong>WARNING:</strong> even if it doesn't make many sense, and is always a bad idea,
+calling a Catalina task more than once,
+badly set Ant tasks depends chains may cause that a task be called
+more than once in the same Ant run, even if not intended to. A bit of caution should be exercised when you are
+capturing output from that task, because this could lead to something unexpected:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>when capturing in a property you will find in it only the output from the <em>first</em> call, because
+Ant properties are immutable and once set they cannot be changed,
+</li>
+<li>when capturing in a file, each run will overwrite it and you will find in it only the <em>last</em> call
+output, unless you are using the <code>append="true"</code> attribute, in which case you will
+see the output of each task call appended to the file.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/maven-jars.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/maven-jars.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb978e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/maven-jars.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Apache Tomcat - Using Tomcat libraries with Maven</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tomcat - Using Tomcat libraries with Maven</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Using_Tomcat_libraries_With_Maven">Using Tomcat libraries With Maven</a><ol><li><a href="#Tomcat_Snapshots">Tomcat Snapshots</a></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_Releases">Tomcat Releases</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Using_Tomcat_libraries_With_Maven">Using Tomcat libraries With Maven</h3><div class="text">
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_Snapshots">Tomcat Snapshots</h4><div class="text">
+      Tomcat snapshots are located in the
+      <a href="https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/snapshots/org/apache/tomcat/">Apache Snapshot Repository</a>.
+      The official URL is <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>https://repository.apache.org/content/repositories/snapshots/org/apache/tomcat/</code></pre></div>
+      <p>
+        Snapshots are done periodically, not on a regular basis, but when changes happen and the Tomcat team deems a new snapshot might
+        useful.
+      </p>
+    </div></div>
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_Releases">Tomcat Releases</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>
+        Stable releases are published to the
+        <a href="https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/">Maven
+        Central Repository</a>. The URL for this is
+      </p>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/tomcat/</code></pre></div>
+    </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - MBeans Descriptors How To</title><meta name="author" content="Amy Roh"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>MBeans Descriptors How To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Adding_MBean_descriptions">Adding MBean descriptions</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Tomcat uses JMX MBeans as the technology for implementing
+manageability of Tomcat.</p>
+
+<p>The descriptions of JMX MBeans for Catalina are in the mbeans-descriptors.xml
+file in each package.</p>
+
+<p>You will need to add MBean descriptions for your custom components
+in order to avoid a "ManagedBean is not found" exception.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Adding_MBean_descriptions">Adding MBean descriptions</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>You may also add MBean descriptions for custom components in
+an mbeans-descriptors.xml file, located in the same package as the class files
+it describes.</p>
+
+<p>The permitted syntax for the mbeans-descriptors.xml is defined by
+the <a href="mbeans-descriptors.dtd">DTD</a> file.</p>
+
+<p>The entries for a custom LDAP authentication Realm may look like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;mbean         name="LDAPRealm"
+            className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ClassNameMBean"
+          description="Custom LDAPRealm"
+               domain="Catalina"
+                group="Realm"
+                 type="com.myfirm.mypackage.LDAPRealm"&gt;
+
+    &lt;attribute   name="className"
+          description="Fully qualified class name of the managed object"
+                 type="java.lang.String"
+            writeable="false"/&gt;
+
+    &lt;attribute   name="debug"
+          description="The debugging detail level for this component"
+                 type="int"/&gt;
+    .
+    .
+    .
+
+  &lt;/mbean&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/mbeans-descriptors.dtd b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/mbeans-descriptors.dtd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c1f523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/mbeans-descriptors.dtd
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+
+<!--
+     DTD for the Model MBeans Configuration File
+
+     To support validation of your configuration file, include the following
+     DOCTYPE element at the beginning (after the "xml" declaration):
+
+     <!DOCTYPE mbeans-descriptors PUBLIC
+      "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Model MBeans Configuration File"
+      "http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dtds/mbeans-descriptors.dtd">
+-->
+
+
+<!-- ========== Defined Types ============================================= -->
+<!-- This DTD has been modified not to use these entities as their use can  -->
+<!-- trigger errors when entity expansion is limited or disabled.           -->
+<!-- See https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64541               -->
+
+<!-- A "Boolean" is the string representation of a boolean (true or false)
+     variable.
+-->
+<!ENTITY % Boolean "(true|false|yes|no)">
+
+
+<!-- A "ClassName" is the fully qualified name of a Java class that is
+     instantiated to provide the functionality of the enclosing element.
+-->
+<!ENTITY % ClassName "CDATA">
+
+
+<!-- A "MethodName" is the name of a constructor or method, which must
+     be legal according to the syntax requirements of the Java language.
+-->
+<!ENTITY % MethodName "CDATA">
+
+
+<!-- A "VariableName" is the name of a variable or parameter, which must
+     be legal according to the syntax requirements of the Java language.
+-->
+<!ENTITY % VariableName "CDATA">
+
+
+<!-- ========== Element Definitions ======================================= -->
+
+
+<!-- The "mbeans-descriptors" element is the root of the configuration file
+     hierarchy, and contains nested elements for all of the other
+     configuration settings.  Remaining element definitions are listed
+     in alphabetical order.
+-->
+<!ELEMENT mbeans-descriptors (mbean*)>
+<!ATTLIST mbeans-descriptors id          ID             #IMPLIED>
+
+
+<!-- The "attribute" element describes a JavaBeans property of an MBean.
+     The following attributes are supported:
+
+     description      Human-readable description of this attribute.
+
+     displayName      Display name of this attribute.
+
+     getMethod        Name of the property getter method, if it does
+                      not follow standard JavaBeans naming patterns.
+
+     is               Boolean value indicating whether or not this
+                      attribute is a boolean with an "is" getter method.
+                      By default, this is set to "false".
+
+     name             Name of this JavaBeans property, conforming to
+                      standard naming design patterns.
+
+     readable         Boolean value indicating whether or not this
+                      attribute is readable by management applications.
+                      By default, this is set to "true".
+
+     setMethod        Name of the property setter method, if it does
+                      not follow standard JavaBeans naming patterns.
+
+     type             Fully qualified Java class name of this attribute.
+
+     writeable        Boolean value indicating whether or not this
+                      attribute is writeable by management applications.
+                      By default, this is set to "true".
+-->
+<!ELEMENT attribute (descriptor?)>
+<!ATTLIST attribute         id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST attribute         description  CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST attribute         displayName  CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST attribute         getMethod    CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %MethodName;   -->
+<!ATTLIST attribute         is           (true|false|yes|no)  #IMPLIED> <!-- %Boolean;      -->
+<!ATTLIST attribute         name         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %VariableName; -->
+<!ATTLIST attribute         readable     (true|false|yes|no)  #IMPLIED> <!-- %Boolean;      -->
+<!ATTLIST attribute         setMethod    CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %MethodName;   -->
+<!ATTLIST attribute         type         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %ClassName;    -->
+<!ATTLIST attribute         writeable    (true|false|yes|no)  #IMPLIED> <!-- %Boolean;      -->
+
+
+<!-- The "constructor" element describes a public constructor for the
+     underlying actual class.  It may contain nested "parameter" elements
+     for the various arguments to this constructor.  The following attributes
+     are supported:
+
+     displayName      Display name of this constructor.
+
+     name             Name of this constructor (by Java convention, this must
+                      be the same as the base class name).
+-->
+<!ELEMENT constructor (descriptor?, parameter*)>
+<!ATTLIST constructor       id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST constructor       displayName  CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST constructor       name         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %VariableName; -->
+
+
+<!-- The "descriptor" element groups a set of descriptor fields whose
+     values will be included in the Descriptor for the corresponding
+     metadata info classes.
+-->
+<!ELEMENT descriptor (field*)>
+<!ATTLIST descriptor        id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+
+
+<!-- The "field" element represents a single name/value pair that will
+     be included in the Descriptor corresponding to our enclosing
+     "descriptor" element.  The following attributes are supported:
+
+     name             Field name of the field to be included
+
+     value            Field value of the field to be included
+                      (will be stored as a String)
+-->
+<!ELEMENT field EMPTY>
+<!ATTLIST field             id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST field             name         CDATA                #REQUIRED>
+<!ATTLIST field             value        CDATA                #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+<!-- The "mbean" element describes a particular JMX ModelMBean implementation,
+     including the information necessary to construct the corresponding
+     ModelMBeanInfo structures.  The following attributes are supported:
+
+     className        Fully qualified Java class name of the ModelMBean
+                      implementation class.  If not specified, the standard
+                      implementation provided by JMX will be utilized.
+
+     description      Human-readable description of this managed bean.
+
+     domain           The JMX MBeanServer domain in which the ModelMBean
+                      created by this managed bean should be registered,
+                      when creating its ObjectName.
+
+     group            Optional name of a "grouping classification" that can
+                      be used to select groups of similar MBean implementation
+                      classes.
+
+     name             Unique name of this MBean (normally corresponds to the
+                      base class name of the corresponding server component).
+
+     type             Fully qualified Java class name of the underlying
+                      managed resource implementation class.
+-->
+<!ELEMENT mbean (descriptor?, attribute*, constructor*, notification*, operation*)>
+<!ATTLIST mbean             id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST mbean             className    CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %ClassName;    -->
+<!ATTLIST mbean             description  CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST mbean             domain       CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST mbean             group        CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST mbean             name         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %MethodName;    -->
+<!ATTLIST mbean             type         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %ClassName;     -->
+
+
+<!-- The "notification" element describes the notification types that are
+     generated by a particular managed bean.  The following attributes
+     are supported:
+
+     description      Human-readable description of these notification events.
+
+     name             Name of this set of notification event types.
+-->
+<!ELEMENT notification (descriptor?, notification-type*)>
+<!ATTLIST notification      id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST notification      description  CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST notification      name         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %VariableName; -->
+
+
+<!-- The nested content of the "notification-type" element is the event string
+     of an event that can be emitted by this MBean.
+-->
+<!ELEMENT notification-type (#PCDATA)>
+<!ATTLIST notification-type id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+
+
+<!-- The "operation" element describes a the signature of a public method
+     that is accessible to management applications.  The following attributes
+     are supported:
+
+     description      Human-readable description of this operation.
+
+     impact           Indication of the impact of this method:
+                      ACTION (write like), ACTION-INFO (write+read like)
+                      INFO (read like), or UNKNOWN.
+
+     name             Name of this public method.
+
+     returnType       Fully qualified Java class name of the return
+                      type of this method.
+-->
+<!ELEMENT operation   (descriptor?, parameter*)>
+<!ATTLIST operation         id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST operation         description  CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST operation         impact       CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST operation         name         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %VariableName; -->
+<!ATTLIST operation         returnType   CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %ClassName;    -->
+
+
+<!-- The "parameter" element describes a single argument that will be passed
+     to a constructor or operation.  The following attributes are supported:
+
+     description      Human-readable description of this parameter.
+
+     name             Java language name of this parameter.
+
+     type             Fully qualified Java class name of this parameter.
+-->
+<!ELEMENT parameter EMPTY>
+<!ATTLIST parameter         id           ID                   #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST parameter         description  CDATA                #IMPLIED>
+<!ATTLIST parameter         name         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %VariableName; -->
+<!ATTLIST parameter         type         CDATA                #IMPLIED> <!-- %ClassName;    -->
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/monitoring.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/monitoring.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed49cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/monitoring.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1118 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Monitoring and Managing Tomcat</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Monitoring and Managing Tomcat</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Enabling_JMX_Remote">Enabling JMX Remote</a></li><li><a href="#Manage_Tomcat_with_JMX_remote_Ant_Tasks">Manage Tomcat with JMX remote Ant Tasks</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorOpenTask_-_JMX_open_connection_task">JMXAccessorOpenTask - JMX open connection task</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorGetTask:__get_attribute_value_Ant_task">JMXAccessorGetTask:  get attribute value Ant task</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorSetTask:__set_attribute_value_Ant_task">JMXAccessorSetTask:  set attribute value Ant task</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorInvokeTask:__invoke_MBean_operation_Ant_task">JMXAccessorInvokeTask:  invoke MBean operation Ant task</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorQueryTask:__query_MBean_Ant_task">JMXAccessorQueryTask:  query MBean Ant task</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorCreateTask:__remote_create_MBean_Ant_task">JMXAccessorCreateTask:  remote create MBean Ant task</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorUnregisterTask:__remote_unregister_MBean_Ant_task">JMXAccessorUnregisterTask:  remote unregister MBean Ant task</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorCondition:__express_condition">JMXAccessorCondition:  express condition</a></li><li><a href="#JMXAccessorEqualsCondition:__equals_MBean_Ant_condition">JMXAccessorEqualsCondition:  equals MBean Ant condition</a></li><li><a href="#Using_the_JMXProxyServlet">Using the JMXProxyServlet</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>Monitoring is a key aspect of system administration. Looking inside a
+     running server, obtaining some statistics or reconfiguring some aspects of
+     an application are all daily administration tasks.</p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Enabling_JMX_Remote">Enabling JMX Remote</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p><strong>Note:</strong> This configuration is needed only if you are
+    going to monitor Tomcat remotely. It is not needed if you are going
+    to monitor it locally, using the same user that Tomcat runs with.</p>
+
+    <p>The Oracle website includes the list of options and how to configure
+    JMX Remote on Java 8:
+        <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html">
+        http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html</a>.
+    </p>
+    <p>The following is a quick configuration guide for Java 8:</p>
+    <p>Add the following parameters to <code>setenv.bat</code> script of your
+    Tomcat (see <a href="RUNNING.txt">RUNNING.txt</a> for details).<br>
+    <em>Note:</em> This syntax is for Microsoft Windows. The command has
+    to be on the same line. It is wrapped to be more readable. If Tomcat is
+    running as a Windows service, use its configuration dialog to set
+    java options for the service.
+    For Linux, MacOS, etc, remove <code>"set "</code> from beginning of the
+    line.
+    </p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>set CATALINA_OPTS=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=%my.jmx.port%
+  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=%my.rmi.port%
+  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
+  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false</code></pre></div>
+<p>If you don't set <code>com.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port</code> then the
+JSR 160 JMX-Adaptor will select a port at random which will may it difficult to
+configure a firewall to allow access.</p>
+
+<p>If you require TLS:</p>
+    <ol>
+    <li>change and add this:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=true
+  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.registry.ssl=true
+</code></pre></div></li>
+    <li>to configure the protocols and/or cipher suites use:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.protocols=%my.jmx.ssl.protocols%
+  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.cipher.suites=%my.jmx.cipher.suites%
+</code></pre></div></li>
+    <li>to client certificate authentication use:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.need.client.auth=%my.jmx.ssl.clientauth%</code></pre></div></li>
+    </ol>
+<p>If you require authorization (it is strongly recommended that TLS is always
+used with authentication):</p>
+    <ol>
+    <li>change and add this:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true
+  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=../conf/jmxremote.password
+  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=../conf/jmxremote.access</code></pre></div>
+    </li>
+    <li>edit the access authorization file <em>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.access</em>:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>monitorRole readonly
+controlRole readwrite</code></pre></div>
+    </li>
+    <li>edit the password file <em>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jmxremote.password</em>:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>monitorRole tomcat
+controlRole tomcat</code></pre></div>
+    <b>Tip</b>: The password file should be read-only and only accessible by the
+    operating system user Tomcat is running as.
+    </li>
+    <li>Alternatively, you can configure a JAAS login module with:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.login.config=%login.module.name%</code></pre></div></li>
+    </ol>
+
+<p>If you need to specify a host name to be used in the RMI stubs sent to the
+client (e.g. because the public host name that must be used to connect is not
+the same as the local host name) then you can set:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>set CATALINA_OPTS=-Djava.rmi.server.hostname</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>If you need to specify a specific interface for the JMX service to bind to
+then you can set:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>set CATALINA_OPTS=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.host</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Manage_Tomcat_with_JMX_remote_Ant_Tasks">Manage Tomcat with JMX remote Ant Tasks</h3><div class="text">
+   <p>To simplify JMX usage with Ant, a set of tasks is provided that may
+   be used with antlib.</p>
+   <p><b>antlib</b>: Copy your catalina-ant.jar from $CATALINA_HOME/lib to $ANT_HOME/lib.</p>
+   <p>The following example shows the JMX Accessor usage:<br>
+   <em>Note:</em> The <code>name</code> attribute value was wrapped here to be
+   more readable. It has to be all on the same line, without spaces.</p>
+   <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;project name="Catalina Ant JMX"
+      xmlns:jmx="antlib:org.apache.catalina.ant.jmx"
+      default="state"
+      basedir="."&gt;
+  &lt;property name="jmx.server.name" value="localhost" /&gt;
+  &lt;property name="jmx.server.port" value="9012" /&gt;
+  &lt;property name="cluster.server.address" value="192.168.1.75" /&gt;
+  &lt;property name="cluster.server.port" value="9025" /&gt;
+
+  &lt;target name="state" description="Show JMX Cluster state"&gt;
+    &lt;jmx:open
+      host="${jmx.server.name}"
+      port="${jmx.server.port}"
+      username="controlRole"
+      password="tomcat"/&gt;
+    &lt;jmx:get
+      name=
+"Catalina:type=IDataSender,host=localhost,
+senderAddress=${cluster.server.address},senderPort=${cluster.server.port}"
+      attribute="connected"
+      resultproperty="IDataSender.backup.connected"
+      echo="false"
+    /&gt;
+    &lt;jmx:get
+      name="Catalina:type=ClusterSender,host=localhost"
+      attribute="senderObjectNames"
+      resultproperty="senderObjectNames"
+      echo="false"
+    /&gt;
+    &lt;!-- get current maxActiveSession from ClusterTest application
+       echo it to Ant output and store at
+       property &lt;em&gt;clustertest.maxActiveSessions.original&lt;/em&gt;
+    --&gt;
+    &lt;jmx:get
+      name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost"
+      attribute="maxActiveSessions"
+      resultproperty="clustertest.maxActiveSessions.original"
+      echo="true"
+    /&gt;
+    &lt;!-- set maxActiveSession to 100
+    --&gt;
+    &lt;jmx:set
+      name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost"
+      attribute="maxActiveSessions"
+      value="100"
+      type="int"
+    /&gt;
+    &lt;!-- get all sessions and split result as delimiter &lt;em&gt;SPACE&lt;/em&gt; for easy
+       access all session ids directly with Ant property sessions.[0..n].
+    --&gt;
+    &lt;jmx:invoke
+      name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost"
+      operation="listSessionIds"
+      resultproperty="sessions"
+      echo="false"
+      delimiter=" "
+    /&gt;
+    &lt;!-- Access session attribute &lt;em&gt;Hello&lt;/em&gt; from first session.
+    --&gt;
+    &lt;jmx:invoke
+      name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost"
+      operation="getSessionAttribute"
+      resultproperty="Hello"
+      echo="false"
+    &gt;
+      &lt;arg value="${sessions.0}"/&gt;
+      &lt;arg value="Hello"/&gt;
+    &lt;/jmx:invoke&gt;
+    &lt;!-- Query for all application manager.of the server from all hosts
+       and bind all attributes from all found manager MBeans.
+    --&gt;
+    &lt;jmx:query
+      name="Catalina:type=Manager,*"
+      resultproperty="manager"
+      echo="true"
+      attributebinding="true"
+    /&gt;
+    &lt;!-- echo the create properties --&gt;
+&lt;echo&gt;
+senderObjectNames: ${senderObjectNames.0}
+IDataSender.backup.connected: ${IDataSender.backup.connected}
+session: ${sessions.0}
+manager.length: ${manager.length}
+manager.0.name: ${manager.0.name}
+manager.1.name: ${manager.1.name}
+hello: ${Hello}
+manager.ClusterTest.0.name: ${manager.ClusterTest.0.name}
+manager.ClusterTest.0.activeSessions: ${manager.ClusterTest.0.activeSessions}
+manager.ClusterTest.0.counterSend_EVT_SESSION_EXPIRED:
+ ${manager.ClusterTest.0.counterSend_EVT_SESSION_EXPIRED}
+manager.ClusterTest.0.counterSend_EVT_GET_ALL_SESSIONS:
+ ${manager.ClusterTest.0.counterSend_EVT_GET_ALL_SESSIONS}
+&lt;/echo&gt;
+
+  &lt;/target&gt;
+
+&lt;/project&gt;</code></pre></div>
+   <p><b>import:</b> Import the JMX Accessor Project with
+   <em>&lt;import file="${CATALINA.HOME}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml" /&gt;</em> and
+   reference the tasks with <em>jmxOpen</em>, <em>jmxSet</em>, <em>jmxGet</em>,
+   <em>jmxQuery</em>, <em>jmxInvoke</em>, <em>jmxEquals</em> and <em>jmxCondition</em>.</p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="JMXAccessorOpenTask_-_JMX_open_connection_task">JMXAccessorOpenTask - JMX open connection task</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>url</td>
+    <td>Set JMX connection URL - <em>service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:8050/jmxrmi</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>host</td>
+    <td>Set the host, shortcut the very long URL syntax.
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">localhost</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>port</td>
+    <td>Set the remote connection port
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">8050</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>username</td>
+    <td>remote JMX connection user name.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>password</td>
+    <td>remote JMX connection password.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>Name of the internal connection reference. With this attribute you can
+        configure more the one connection inside the same Ant project.
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo the command usage (for access analysis or debugging)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>if</td>
+    <td>Only execute if a property of the given name <b>exists</b> in the current project.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>unless</td>
+    <td>Only execute if a property of the given name <b>not exists</b> in the current project.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Example to open a new JMX connection
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:open
+    host="${jmx.server.name}"
+    port="${jmx.server.port}"
+  /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+Example to open a JMX connection from URL, with authorization and
+store at other reference
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:open
+    url="service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:9024/jmxrmi"
+    ref="jmx.server.9024"
+    username="controlRole"
+    password="tomcat"
+  /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+Example to open a JMX connection from URL, with authorization and
+store at other reference, but only when property <em>jmx.if</em> exists and
+<em>jmx.unless</em> not exists
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:open
+    url="service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:9024/jmxrmi"
+    ref="jmx.server.9024"
+    username="controlRole"
+    password="tomcat"
+    if="jmx.if"
+    unless="jmx.unless"
+  /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p><b>Note</b>: All properties from <em>jmxOpen</em> task also exists at all
+other tasks and conditions.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="JMXAccessorGetTask:__get_attribute_value_Ant_task">JMXAccessorGetTask:  get attribute value Ant task</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>name</td>
+    <td>Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- <em>Catalina:type=Server</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>attribute</td>
+    <td>Existing MBean attribute (see Tomcat MBean description above)
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>JMX Connection reference
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo command usage (access and result)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>resultproperty</td>
+    <td>Save result at this project property
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>delimiter</td>
+    <td>Split result with delimiter (java.util.StringTokenizer)
+        and use resultproperty as prefix to store tokens.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>separatearrayresults</td>
+    <td>When return value is an array, save result as property list
+    (<em>$resultproperty.[0..N]</em> and <em>$resultproperty.length</em>)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">true</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Example to get remote MBean attribute from default JMX connection
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:get
+    name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlets-examples,host=localhost"
+    attribute="maxActiveSessions"
+    resultproperty="servlets-examples.maxActiveSessions"
+  /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+Example to get and result array and split it at separate properties
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:get
+      name="Catalina:type=ClusterSender,host=localhost"
+      attribute="senderObjectNames"
+      resultproperty="senderObjectNames"
+  /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+Access the senderObjectNames properties with:
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  ${senderObjectNames.length} give the number of returned sender list.
+  ${senderObjectNames.[0..N]} found all sender object names</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>
+Example to get IDataSender attribute connected only when cluster is configured.<br>
+<em>Note:</em> The <code>name</code> attribute value was wrapped here to be
+more readable. It has to be all on the same line, without spaces.
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+  &lt;jmx:query
+    failonerror="false"
+    name="Catalina:type=Cluster,host=${tomcat.application.host}"
+    resultproperty="cluster"
+  /&gt;
+  &lt;jmx:get
+    name=
+"Catalina:type=IDataSender,host=${tomcat.application.host},
+senderAddress=${cluster.backup.address},senderPort=${cluster.backup.port}"
+    attribute="connected"
+    resultproperty="datasender.connected"
+    if="cluster.0.name" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="JMXAccessorSetTask:__set_attribute_value_Ant_task">JMXAccessorSetTask:  set attribute value Ant task</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>name</td>
+    <td>Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- <em>Catalina:type=Server</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>attribute</td>
+    <td>Existing MBean attribute (see Tomcat MBean description above)
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>value</td>
+    <td>value that set to attribute
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>type</td>
+    <td>type of the attribute.
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">java.lang.String</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>JMX Connection reference
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo command usage (access and result)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Example to set remote MBean attribute value
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:set
+    name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlets-examples,host=localhost"
+    attribute="maxActiveSessions"
+    value="500"
+    type="int"
+  /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="JMXAccessorInvokeTask:__invoke_MBean_operation_Ant_task">JMXAccessorInvokeTask:  invoke MBean operation Ant task</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>name</td>
+    <td>Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- <em>Catalina:type=Server</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>operation</td>
+    <td>Existing MBean operation
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>JMX Connection reference
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo command usage (access and result)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>resultproperty</td>
+    <td>Save result at this project property
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>delimiter</td>
+    <td>Split result with delimiter (java.util.StringTokenizer)
+        and use resultproperty as prefix to store tokens.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>separatearrayresults</td>
+    <td>When return value is an array, save result as property list
+    (<em>$resultproperty.[0..N]</em> and <em>$resultproperty.length</em>)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">true</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+stop an application
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:invoke
+    name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlets-examples,host=localhost"
+    operation="stop"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+Now you can find the sessionid at <em>${sessions.[0..N}</em> properties and access the count
+with ${sessions.length} property.
+</p>
+<p>
+Example to get all sessionids
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:invoke
+    name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlets-examples,host=localhost"
+    operation="listSessionIds"
+    resultproperty="sessions"
+    delimiter=" "
+  /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+Now you can find the sessionid at <em>${sessions.[0..N}</em> properties and access the count
+with ${sessions.length} property.
+</p>
+<p>
+Example to get remote MBean session attribute from session ${sessionid.0}
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:invoke
+    name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/ClusterTest,host=localhost"
+    operation="getSessionAttribute"
+    resultproperty="hello"&gt;
+     &lt;arg value="${sessionid.0}"/&gt;
+     &lt;arg value="Hello" /&gt;
+  &lt;/jmx:invoke&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+Example to create a new access logger valve at vhost <em>localhost</em>
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;jmx:invoke
+         name="Catalina:type=MBeanFactory"
+         operation="createAccessLoggerValve"
+         resultproperty="accessLoggerObjectName"
+ &gt;
+     &lt;arg value="Catalina:type=Host,host=localhost"/&gt;
+ &lt;/jmx:invoke&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+Now you can find new MBean with name stored at <em>${accessLoggerObjectName}</em>
+property.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="JMXAccessorQueryTask:__query_MBean_Ant_task">JMXAccessorQueryTask:  query MBean Ant task</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>name</td>
+    <td>JMX  ObjectName query string -- <em>Catalina:type=Manager,*</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>JMX Connection reference
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo command usage (access and result)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>resultproperty</td>
+    <td>Prefix project property name to all founded MBeans (<em>mbeans.[0..N].objectname</em>)
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>attributebinding</td>
+    <td>bind ALL MBean attributes in addition to <em>name</em>
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>delimiter</td>
+    <td>Split result with delimiter (java.util.StringTokenizer)
+        and use resultproperty as prefix to store tokens.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>separatearrayresults</td>
+    <td>When return value is an array, save result as property list
+    (<em>$resultproperty.[0..N]</em> and <em>$resultproperty.length</em>)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">true</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Get all Manager ObjectNames from all services and Hosts
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:query
+    name="Catalina:type=Manager,*
+    resultproperty="manager" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+Now you can find the Session Manager at <em>${manager.[0..N].name}</em>
+properties and access the result object counter with ${manager.length} property.
+</p>
+<p>
+Example to get the Manager from <em>servlet-examples</em> application an bind all MBean properties
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:query
+    name="Catalina:type=Manager,context=/servlet-examples,host=localhost*"
+    attributebinding="true"
+    resultproperty="manager.servletExamples" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+Now you can find the manager at <em>${manager.servletExamples.0.name}</em> property
+and can access all properties from this manager with <em>${manager.servletExamples.0.[manager attribute names]</em>}.
+The result object counter from MBeans is stored ad ${manager.length} property.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Example to get all MBeans from a server and store inside an external XML property file
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;project name="jmx.query"
+            xmlns:jmx="antlib:org.apache.catalina.ant.jmx"
+            default="query-all" basedir="."&gt;
+&lt;property name="jmx.host" value="localhost"/&gt;
+&lt;property name="jmx.port" value="8050"/&gt;
+&lt;property name="jmx.username" value="controlRole"/&gt;
+&lt;property name="jmx.password" value="tomcat"/&gt;
+
+&lt;target name="query-all" description="Query all MBeans of a server"&gt;
+  &lt;!-- Configure connection --&gt;
+  &lt;jmx:open
+    host="${jmx.host}"
+    port="${jmx.port}"
+    ref="jmx.server"
+    username="${jmx.username}"
+    password="${jmx.password}"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;!-- Query MBean list --&gt;
+  &lt;jmx:query
+    name="*:*"
+    resultproperty="mbeans"
+    attributebinding="false"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;echoproperties
+    destfile="mbeans.properties"
+    prefix="mbeans."
+    format="xml"/&gt;
+
+  &lt;!-- Print results --&gt;
+  &lt;echo message=
+    "Number of MBeans in server ${jmx.host}:${jmx.port} is ${mbeans.length}"/&gt;
+&lt;/target&gt;
+&lt;/project&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+Now you can find all MBeans inside the file <em>mbeans.properties</em>.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="JMXAccessorCreateTask:__remote_create_MBean_Ant_task">JMXAccessorCreateTask:  remote create MBean Ant task</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>name</td>
+    <td>Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- <em>Catalina:type=MBeanFactory</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>className</td>
+    <td>Existing MBean full qualified class name (see Tomcat MBean description above)
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>classLoader</td>
+    <td>ObjectName of server or web application classloader <br>
+    ( <em>Catalina:type=ServerClassLoader,name=[server,common,shared]</em> or<br>
+     <em>Catalina:type=WebappClassLoader,context=/myapps,host=localhost</em>)
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>JMX Connection reference
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo command usage (access and result)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Example to create remote MBean
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:create
+    ref="${jmx.reference}"
+    name="Catalina:type=MBeanFactory"
+    className="org.apache.commons.modeler.BaseModelMBean"
+    classLoader="Catalina:type=ServerClassLoader,name=server"&gt;
+    &lt;arg value="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory" /&gt;
+  &lt;/jmx:create&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+    <b>Warning</b>: Many Tomcat MBeans can't be linked to their parent once<br>
+    created. The Valve, Cluster and Realm MBeans are not automatically<br>
+    connected with their parent. Use the <em>MBeanFactory</em> create<br>
+    operation instead.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="JMXAccessorUnregisterTask:__remote_unregister_MBean_Ant_task">JMXAccessorUnregisterTask:  remote unregister MBean Ant task</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>name</td>
+    <td>Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- <em>Catalina:type=MBeanFactory</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>JMX Connection reference
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo command usage (access and result)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Example to unregister remote MBean
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>  &lt;jmx:unregister
+    name="Catalina:type=MBeanFactory"
+  /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+    <b>Warning</b>: A lot of Tomcat MBeans can't be unregister.<br>
+    The MBeans are not unlinked from their parent. Use <em>MBeanFactory</em><br>
+    remove operation instead.
+</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="JMXAccessorCondition:__express_condition">JMXAccessorCondition:  express condition</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+ <tr>
+    <td>url</td>
+    <td>Set JMX connection URL - <em>service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:8050/jmxrmi</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>host</td>
+    <td>Set the host, shortcut the very long URL syntax.
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">localhost</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>port</td>
+    <td>Set the remote connection port
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">8050</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>username</td>
+    <td>remote JMX connection user name.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>password</td>
+    <td>remote JMX connection password.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>Name of the internal connection reference. With this attribute you can
+        configure more the one connection inside the same Ant project.
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>name</td>
+    <td>Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- <em>Catalina:type=Server</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo condition usage (access and result)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>if</td>
+    <td>Only execute if a property of the given name <b>exists</b> in the current project.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>unless</td>
+    <td>Only execute if a property of the given name <b>not exists</b> in the current project.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>value (required)</td>
+    <td>Second arg for operation
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>type</td>
+    <td>Value type to express operation (support <em>long</em> and <em>double</em>)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">long</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>operation</td>
+    <td> express one
+    <ul>
+    <li>==  equals</li>
+    <li>!=  not equals</li>
+    <li>&gt; greater than (&amp;gt;)</li>
+    <li>&gt;= greater than or equals (&amp;gt;=)</li>
+    <li>&lt; lesser than (&amp;lt;)</li>
+    <li>&lt;= lesser than or equals (&amp;lt;=)</li>
+    </ul>
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">==</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Wait for server connection and that cluster backup node is accessible
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;target name="wait"&gt;
+  &lt;waitfor maxwait="${maxwait}" maxwaitunit="second" timeoutproperty="server.timeout" &gt;
+    &lt;and&gt;
+      &lt;socket server="${server.name}" port="${server.port}"/&gt;
+      &lt;http url="${url}"/&gt;
+      &lt;jmx:condition
+        operation="=="
+        host="localhost"
+        port="9014"
+        username="controlRole"
+        password="tomcat"
+        name=
+"Catalina:type=IDataSender,host=localhost,senderAddress=192.168.111.1,senderPort=9025"
+        attribute="connected"
+        value="true"
+      /&gt;
+    &lt;/and&gt;
+  &lt;/waitfor&gt;
+  &lt;fail if="server.timeout" message="Server ${url} don't answer inside ${maxwait} sec" /&gt;
+  &lt;echo message="Server ${url} alive" /&gt;
+&lt;/target&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="JMXAccessorEqualsCondition:__equals_MBean_Ant_condition">JMXAccessorEqualsCondition:  equals MBean Ant condition</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+List of Attributes
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+
+  <tr>
+    <th>Attribute</th>
+    <th>Description</th>
+    <th>Default value</th>
+  </tr>
+
+ <tr>
+    <td>url</td>
+    <td>Set JMX connection URL - <em>service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:8050/jmxrmi</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>host</td>
+    <td>Set the host, shortcut the very long URL syntax.
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">localhost</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>port</td>
+    <td>Set the remote connection port
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">8050</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>username</td>
+    <td>remote JMX connection user name.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>password</td>
+    <td>remote JMX connection password.
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>ref</td>
+    <td>Name of the internal connection reference. With this attribute you can
+        configure more the one connection inside the same Ant project.
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">jmx.server</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>name</td>
+    <td>Full qualified JMX ObjectName -- <em>Catalina:type=Server</em>
+    </td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+
+
+  <tr>
+    <td>echo</td>
+    <td>Echo condition usage (access and result)
+    </td>
+    <td><code class="noHighlight">false</code></td>
+  </tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Wait for server connection and that cluster backup node is accessible
+</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;target name="wait"&gt;
+  &lt;waitfor maxwait="${maxwait}" maxwaitunit="second" timeoutproperty="server.timeout" &gt;
+    &lt;and&gt;
+      &lt;socket server="${server.name}" port="${server.port}"/&gt;
+      &lt;http url="${url}"/&gt;
+      &lt;jmx:equals
+        host="localhost"
+        port="9014"
+        username="controlRole"
+        password="tomcat"
+        name=
+"Catalina:type=IDataSender,host=localhost,senderAddress=192.168.111.1,senderPort=9025"
+        attribute="connected"
+        value="true"
+      /&gt;
+    &lt;/and&gt;
+  &lt;/waitfor&gt;
+  &lt;fail if="server.timeout" message="Server ${url} don't answer inside ${maxwait} sec" /&gt;
+  &lt;echo message="Server ${url} alive" /&gt;
+&lt;/target&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Using_the_JMXProxyServlet">Using the JMXProxyServlet</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      Tomcat offers an alternative to using remote (or even local) JMX
+      connections while still giving you access to everything JMX has to offer:
+      Tomcat's
+      <a href="api/org/apache/catalina/manager/JMXProxyServlet.html">JMXProxyServlet</a>.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      The JMXProxyServlet allows a client to issue JMX queries via an HTTP
+      interface. This technique offers the following advantages over using
+      JMX directly from a client program:
+    </p>
+
+    <ul>
+      <li>You don't have to launch a full JVM and make a remote JMX connection
+      just to ask for one small piece of data from a running server</li>
+      <li>You don't have to know how to work with JMX connections</li>
+      <li>You don't need any of the complex configuration covered in the rest
+      of this page</li>
+      <li>Your client program does not have to be written in Java</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <p>
+      A perfect example of JMX overkill can be seen in the case of popular
+      server-monitoring software such as Nagios or Icinga: if you want to
+      monitor 10 items via JMX, you will have to launch 10 JVMs, make 10 JMX
+      connections, and then shut them all down every few minutes. With the
+      JMXProxyServlet, you can make 10 HTTP connections and be done with it.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      You can find out more information about the JMXProxyServlet in the
+      documentation for the
+      <a href="manager-howto.html#Using_the_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">Tomcat
+      manager</a>.
+    </p>
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/proxy-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/proxy-howto.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/proxy-howto.html
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Proxy Support How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Proxy Support How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Apache_httpd_Proxy_Support">Apache httpd Proxy Support</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Using standard configurations of Tomcat, web applications can ask for
+the server name and port number to which the request was directed for
+processing.  When Tomcat is running standalone with the
+<a href="config/http.html">HTTP/1.1 Connector</a>, it will generally
+report the server name specified in the request, and the port number on
+which the <strong>Connector</strong> is listening.  The servlet API
+calls of interest, for this purpose, are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>ServletRequest.getServerName()</code>: Returns the host name of the server to which the request was sent.</li>
+<li><code>ServletRequest.getServerPort()</code>: Returns the port number of the server to which the request was sent.</li>
+<li><code>ServletRequest.getLocalName()</code>: Returns the host name of the Internet Protocol (IP) interface on which the request was received.</li>
+<li><code>ServletRequest.getLocalPort()</code>:  Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) port number of the interface on which the request was received.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>When you are running behind a proxy server (or a web server that is
+configured to behave like a proxy server), you will sometimes prefer to
+manage the values returned by these calls.  In particular, you will
+generally want the port number to reflect that specified in the original
+request, not the one on which the <strong>Connector</strong> itself is
+listening.  You can use the <code>proxyName</code> and <code>proxyPort</code>
+attributes on the <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> element to configure
+these values.</p>
+
+<p>Proxy support can take many forms.  The following sections describe
+proxy configurations for several common cases.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Apache_httpd_Proxy_Support">Apache httpd Proxy Support</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Apache httpd 1.3 and later versions support an optional module
+(<code>mod_proxy</code>) that configures the web server to act as a proxy
+server.  This can be used to forward requests for a particular web application
+to a Tomcat instance, without having to configure a web connector such as
+<code>mod_jk</code>.  To accomplish this, you need to perform the following
+tasks:</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Configure your copy of Apache so that it includes the
+    <code>mod_proxy</code> module.  If you are building from source,
+    the easiest way to do this is to include the
+    <code>--enable-module=proxy</code> directive on the
+    <code>./configure</code> command line.</p></li>
+<li><p>If not already added for you, make sure that you are loading the
+    <code>mod_proxy</code> module at Apache startup time, by using the
+    following directives in your <code>httpd.conf</code> file:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>LoadModule proxy_module  {path-to-modules}/mod_proxy.so
+</code></pre></div></li>
+<li><p>Include two directives in your <code>httpd.conf</code> file for
+    each web application that you wish to forward to Tomcat.  For
+    example, to forward an application at context path <code>/myapp</code>:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>ProxyPass         /myapp  http://localhost:8081/myapp
+ProxyPassReverse  /myapp  http://localhost:8081/myapp</code></pre></div>
+    <p>which tells Apache to forward URLs of the form
+    <code>http://localhost/myapp/*</code> to the Tomcat connector
+    listening on port 8081.</p></li>
+<li><p>Configure your copy of Tomcat to include a special
+    <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> element, with appropriate
+    proxy settings, for example:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Connector port="8081" ...
+              proxyName="www.mycompany.com"
+              proxyPort="80"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>which will cause servlets inside this web application to think that
+    all proxied requests were directed to <code>www.mycompany.com</code>
+    on port 80.</p></li>
+<li><p>It is legal to omit the <code>proxyName</code> attribute from the
+    <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> element.  If you do so, the value
+    returned by <code>request.getServerName()</code> will by the host
+    name on which Tomcat is running.  In the example above, it would be
+    <code>localhost</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>If you also have a <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> listening on port
+    8080 (nested within the same <a href="config/service.html">Service</a>
+    element), the requests to either port will share the same set of
+    virtual hosts and web applications.</p></li>
+<li><p>You might wish to use the IP filtering features of your operating
+    system to restrict connections to port 8081 (in this example) to
+    be allowed <strong>only</strong> from the server that is running
+    Apache.</p></li>
+<li><p>Alternatively, you can set up a series of web applications that are
+    only available via proxying, as follows:</p>
+    <ul>
+    <li>Configure another <code>&lt;Service&gt;</code> that contains
+        only a <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> for the proxy port.</li>
+    <li>Configure appropriate <a href="config/engine.html">Engine</a>,
+        <a href="config/host.html">Host</a>, and
+        <a href="config/context.html">Context</a> elements for the virtual hosts
+        and web applications accessible via proxying.</li>
+    <li>Optionally, protect port 8081 with IP filters as described
+        earlier.</li>
+    </ul></li>
+<li><p>When requests are proxied by Apache, the web server will be recording
+    these requests in its access log.  Therefore, you will generally want to
+    disable any access logging performed by Tomcat itself.</p></li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>When requests are proxied in this manner, <strong>all</strong> requests
+for the configured web applications will be processed by Tomcat (including
+requests for static content).  You can improve performance by using the
+<code>mod_jk</code> web connector instead of <code>mod_proxy</code>.
+<code>mod_jk</code> can be configured so that the web server serves static
+content that is not processed by filters or security constraints defined
+within the web application's deployment descriptor
+(<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>).</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/realm-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/realm-howto.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,1191 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Realm Configuration How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Craig R. McClanahan"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"><meta name="author" content="Andrew R. Jaquith"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Realm Configuration How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Quick_Start">Quick Start</a></li><li><a href="#Overview">Overview</a><ol><li><a href="#What_is_a_Realm?">What is a Realm?</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_a_Realm">Configuring a Realm</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Common_Features">Common Features</a><ol><li><a href="#Digested_Passwords">Digested Passwords</a></li><li><a href="#Example_Application">Example Application</a></li><li><a href="#Manager_Application">Manager Application</a></li><li><a href="#Realm_Logging">Realm Logging</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Standard_Realm_Implementations">Standard Realm Implementations</a><ol><li><a href="#DataSourceRealm">DataSourceRealm</a></li><li><a href="#JNDIRealm">JNDIRealm</a></li><li><a href="#UserDatabaseRealm">UserDatabaseRealm</a></li><li><a href="#MemoryRealm">MemoryRealm</a></li><li><a href="#JAASRealm">JAASRealm</a></li><li><a href="#CombinedRealm">CombinedRealm</a></li><li><a href="#LockOutRealm">LockOutRealm</a></li><li><a href="#JDBCRealm">JDBCRealm</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Quick_Start">Quick Start</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>This document describes how to configure Tomcat to support <em>container
+managed security</em>, by connecting to an existing "database" of usernames,
+passwords, and user roles.  You only need to care about this if you are using
+a web application that includes one or more
+<code>&lt;security-constraint&gt;</code> elements, and a
+<code>&lt;login-config&gt;</code> element defining how users are required
+to authenticate themselves.  If you are not utilizing these features, you can
+safely skip this document.</p>
+
+<p>For fundamental background information about container managed security,
+see the <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">Servlet
+Specification (Version 2.4)</a>, Section 12.</p>
+
+<p>For information about utilizing the <em>Single Sign On</em> feature of
+Tomcat (allowing a user to authenticate themselves once across the entire
+set of web applications associated with a virtual host), see
+<a href="config/host.html#Single_Sign_On">here</a>.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="What_is_a_Realm?">What is a Realm?</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>A <strong>Realm</strong> is a "database" of usernames and passwords that
+identify valid users of a web application (or set of web applications), plus
+an enumeration of the list of <em>roles</em> associated with each valid user.
+You can think of roles as similar to <em>groups</em> in Unix-like operating
+systems, because access to specific web application resources is granted to
+all users possessing a particular role (rather than enumerating the list of
+associated usernames).  A particular user can have any number of roles
+associated with their username.</p>
+
+<p>Although the Servlet Specification describes a portable mechanism for
+applications to <em>declare</em> their security requirements (in the
+<code>web.xml</code> deployment descriptor), there is no portable API
+defining the interface between a servlet container and the associated user
+and role information.  In many cases, however, it is desirable to "connect"
+a servlet container to some existing authentication database or mechanism
+that already exists in the production environment.  Therefore, Tomcat
+defines a Java interface (<code>org.apache.catalina.Realm</code>) that
+can be implemented by "plug in" components to establish this connection.
+Six standard plug-ins are provided, supporting connections to various
+sources of authentication information:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#JDBCRealm">JDBCRealm</a> - Accesses authentication information
+    stored in a relational database, accessed via a JDBC driver.</li>
+<li><a href="#DataSourceRealm">DataSourceRealm</a> - Accesses authentication
+    information stored in a relational database, accessed via a named JNDI
+    JDBC DataSource.</li>
+<li><a href="#JNDIRealm">JNDIRealm</a> - Accesses authentication information
+    stored in an LDAP based directory server, accessed via a JNDI provider.
+    </li>
+<li><a href="#UserDatabaseRealm">UserDatabaseRealm</a> - Accesses authentication
+    information stored in an UserDatabase JNDI resource, which is typically
+    backed by an XML document (<code>conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>).</li>
+<li><a href="#MemoryRealm">MemoryRealm</a> - Accesses authentication
+    information stored in an in-memory object collection, which is initialized
+    from an XML document (<code>conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>).</li>
+<li><a href="#JAASRealm">JAASRealm</a> - Accesses authentication information
+    through the Java Authentication &amp; Authorization Service (JAAS)
+    framework.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>It is also possible to write your own <code>Realm</code> implementation,
+and integrate it with Tomcat.  To do so, you need to:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>Implement <code>org.apache.catalina.Realm</code>,</li>
+  <li>Place your compiled realm in $CATALINA_HOME/lib,</li>
+  <li>Declare your realm as described in the "Configuring a Realm" section below,</li>
+  <li>Declare your realm to the <a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">MBeans Descriptors</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Configuring_a_Realm">Configuring a Realm</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Before getting into the details of the standard Realm implementations, it is
+important to understand, in general terms, how a Realm is configured.  In
+general, you will be adding an XML element to your <code>conf/server.xml</code>
+configuration file, that looks something like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm className="... class name for this implementation"
+       ... other attributes for this implementation .../&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code> element can be nested inside any one of
+of the following <code>Container</code> elements.  The location of the
+Realm element has a direct impact on the "scope" of that Realm
+(i.e. which web applications will share the same authentication information):
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li><em>Inside an &lt;Engine&gt; element</em> - This Realm will be shared
+    across ALL web applications on ALL virtual hosts, UNLESS it is overridden
+    by a Realm element nested inside a subordinate <code>&lt;Host&gt;</code>
+    or <code>&lt;Context&gt;</code> element.</li>
+<li><em>Inside a &lt;Host&gt; element</em> - This Realm will be shared across
+    ALL web applications for THIS virtual host, UNLESS it is overridden
+    by a Realm element nested inside a subordinate <code>&lt;Context&gt;</code>
+    element.</li>
+<li><em>Inside a &lt;Context&gt; element</em> - This Realm will be used ONLY
+    for THIS web application.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Common_Features">Common Features</h3><div class="text">
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Digested_Passwords">Digested Passwords</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>For each of the standard <code>Realm</code> implementations, the
+user's password (by default) is stored in clear text.  In many
+environments, this is undesirable because casual observers of the
+authentication data can collect enough information to log on
+successfully, and impersonate other users.  To avoid this problem, the
+standard implementations support the concept of <em>digesting</em>
+user passwords.  This allows the stored version of the passwords to be
+encoded (in a form that is not easily reversible), but that the
+<code>Realm</code> implementation can still utilize for
+authentication.</p>
+
+<p>When a standard realm authenticates by retrieving the stored
+password and comparing it with the value presented by the user, you
+can select digested passwords by placing a <a href="config/credentialhandler.html">
+<code>CredentialHandler</code></a> element inside your <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code>
+element. An easy choice to support one of the algorithms SSHA, SHA or MD5
+would be the usage of the <code>MessageDigestCredentialHandler</code>.
+This element must be configured to one of the digest algorithms supported
+by the <code>java.security.MessageDigest</code> class (SSHA, SHA or MD5).
+When you select this option, the contents of the password that is stored
+in the <code>Realm</code> must be the cleartext version of the password,
+as digested by the specified algorithm.</p>
+
+<p>When the <code>authenticate()</code> method of the Realm is called, the
+(cleartext) password specified by the user is itself digested by the same
+algorithm, and the result is compared with the value returned by the
+<code>Realm</code>.  An equal match implies that the cleartext version of the
+original password is the same as the one presented by the user, so that this
+user should be authorized.</p>
+
+<p>To calculate the digested value of a cleartext password, two convenience
+techniques are supported:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>If you are writing an application that needs to calculate digested
+    passwords dynamically, call the static <code>Digest()</code> method of the
+    <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase</code> class, passing the
+    cleartext password, the digest algorithm name and the encoding as arguments.
+    This method will return the digested password.</li>
+<li>If you want to execute a command line utility to calculate the digested
+    password, simply execute
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>CATALINA_HOME/bin/digest.[bat|sh] -a {algorithm} {cleartext-password}</code></pre></div>
+    and the digested version of this cleartext password will be returned to
+    standard output.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If using digested passwords with DIGEST authentication, the cleartext used
+   to generate the digest is different and the digest must use one iteration of
+   the MD5 algorithm with no salt. In the examples above
+   <code>{cleartext-password}</code> must be replaced with
+   <code>{username}:{realm}:{cleartext-password}</code>. For example, in a
+   development environment this might take the form
+   <code>testUser:Authentication required:testPassword</code>. The value for
+   <code>{realm}</code> is taken from the <code>&lt;realm-name&gt;</code>
+   element of the web application's <code>&lt;login-config&gt;</code>. If
+   not specified in web.xml, the default value of <code>Authentication
+   required</code> is used.</p>
+
+<p>Usernames and/or passwords using encodings other than the platform default
+are supported using</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>CATALINA_HOME/bin/digest.[bat|sh] -a {algorithm} -e {encoding} {input}</code></pre></div>
+<p>but care is required to ensure that the input is correctly passed to the
+digester. The digester returns <code>{input}:{digest}</code>. If the input
+appears corrupted in the return, the digest will be invalid.</p>
+
+<p>The output format of the digest is <code>{salt}${iterations}${digest}</code>.
+If the salt length is zero and the iteration count is one, the output is
+simplified to <code>{digest}</code>.</p>
+
+<p>The full syntax of <code>CATALINA_HOME/bin/digest.[bat|sh]</code> is:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>CATALINA_HOME/bin/digest.[bat|sh] [-a &lt;algorithm&gt;] [-e &lt;encoding&gt;]
+        [-i &lt;iterations&gt;] [-s &lt;salt-length&gt;] [-k &lt;key-length&gt;]
+        [-h &lt;handler-class-name&gt;] &lt;credentials&gt;
+</code></pre></div>
+<ul>
+<li><b>-a</b> - The algorithm to use to generate the stored
+                credential. If not specified, the default for the handler will
+                be used. If neither handler nor algorithm is specified then a
+                default of <code>SHA-512</code> will be used</li>
+<li><b>-e</b> - The encoding to use for any byte to/from character
+                conversion that may be necessary. If not specified, the
+                system encoding (<code>Charset#defaultCharset()</code>) will
+                be used.</li>
+<li><b>-i</b> - The number of iterations to use when generating the
+                stored credential. If not specified, the default for the
+                CredentialHandler will be used.</li>
+<li><b>-s</b> - The length (in bytes) of salt to generate and store as
+                part of the credential. If not specified, the default for
+                the CredentialHandler will be used.</li>
+<li><b>-k</b> - The length (in bits) of the key(s), if any, created while
+                generating the credential. If not specified, the default
+                for the CredentialHandler will be used.</li>
+<li><b>-h</b> - The fully qualified class name of the CredentialHandler
+                to use. If not specified, the built-in handlers will be
+                tested in turn (MessageDigestCredentialHandler then
+                SecretKeyCredentialHandler) and the first one to accept the
+                specified algorithm will be used.</li>
+</ul>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Example_Application">Example Application</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>The example application shipped with Tomcat includes an area that is
+protected by a security constraint, utilizing form-based login.  To access it,
+point your browser at
+<a href="http://localhost:8080/examples/jsp/security/protected/">http://localhost:8080/examples/jsp/security/protected/</a>
+and log on with one of the usernames and passwords described for the default
+<a href="#UserDatabaseRealm">UserDatabaseRealm</a>.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Manager_Application">Manager Application</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>If you wish to use the <a href="manager-howto.html">Manager Application</a>
+to deploy and undeploy applications in a running Tomcat installation, you
+MUST add the "manager-gui" role to at least one username in your selected
+Realm implementation.  This is because the manager web application itself uses a
+security constraint that requires role "manager-gui" to access ANY request URI
+within the HTML interface of that application.</p>
+
+<p>For security reasons, no username in the default Realm (i.e. using
+<code>conf/tomcat-users.xml</code> is assigned the "manager-gui" role.
+Therefore, no one will be able to utilize the features of this application
+until the Tomcat administrator specifically assigns this role to one or more
+users.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Realm_Logging">Realm Logging</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Debugging and exception messages logged by a <code>Realm</code> will
+   be recorded by the logging configuration associated with the container
+   for the realm: its surrounding <a href="config/context.html">Context</a>,
+   <a href="config/host.html">Host</a>, or
+   <a href="config/engine.html">Engine</a>.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Standard_Realm_Implementations">Standard Realm Implementations</h3><div class="text">
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="DataSourceRealm">DataSourceRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+<h5>Introduction</h5>
+
+<p><strong>DataSourceRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+<code>Realm</code> interface that looks up users in a relational database
+accessed via a JNDI named JDBC DataSource.  There is substantial configuration
+flexibility that lets you adapt to existing table and column names, as long
+as your database structure conforms to the following requirements:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>There must be a table, referenced below as the <em>users</em> table,
+    that contains one row for every valid user that this <code>Realm</code>
+    should recognize.</li>
+<li>The <em>users</em> table must contain at least two columns (it may
+    contain more if your existing applications required it):
+    <ul>
+    <li>Username to be recognized by Tomcat when the user logs in.</li>
+    <li>Password to be recognized by Tomcat when the user logs in.
+        This value may in cleartext or digested - see below for more
+        information.</li>
+    </ul></li>
+<li>There must be a table, referenced below as the <em>user roles</em> table,
+    that contains one row for every valid role that is assigned to a
+    particular user.  It is legal for a user to have zero, one, or more than
+    one valid role.</li>
+<li>The <em>user roles</em> table must contain at least two columns (it may
+    contain more if your existing applications required it):
+    <ul>
+    <li>Username to be recognized by Tomcat (same value as is specified
+        in the <em>users</em> table).</li>
+    <li>Role name of a valid role associated with this user.</li>
+    </ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h5>Quick Start</h5>
+
+<p>To set up Tomcat to use DataSourceRealm, you will need to follow these steps:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>If you have not yet done so, create tables and columns in your database
+    that conform to the requirements described above.</li>
+<li>Configure a database username and password for use by Tomcat, that has
+    at least read only access to the tables described above.  (Tomcat will
+    never attempt to write to these tables.)</li>
+<li>Configure a JNDI named JDBC DataSource for your database.  Refer to the
+    <a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">JNDI DataSource Example
+    How-To</a> for information on how to configure a JNDI named JDBC DataSource.
+    Be sure to set the <code>Realm</code>'s <code>localDataSource</code>
+    attribute appropriately, depending on where the JNDI DataSource is
+    defined.</li>
+<li>Set up a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code> element, as described below, in your
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file.</li>
+<li>Restart Tomcat if it is already running.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h5>Realm Element Attributes</h5>
+
+<p>To configure DataSourceRealm, you will create a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code>
+element and nest it in your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file,
+as described <a href="#Configuring_a_Realm">above</a>. The attributes for the
+DataSourceRealm are defined in the <a href="config/realm.html">Realm</a>
+configuration documentation.</p>
+
+<h5>Example</h5>
+
+<p>An example SQL script to create the needed tables might look something
+like this (adapt the syntax as required for your particular database):</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>create table users (
+  user_name         varchar(15) not null primary key,
+  user_pass         varchar(15) not null
+);
+
+create table user_roles (
+  user_name         varchar(15) not null,
+  role_name         varchar(15) not null,
+  primary key (user_name, role_name)
+);</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Here is an example for using a MySQL database called "authority", configured
+with the tables described above, and accessed with the JNDI JDBC DataSource with
+name "java:/comp/env/jdbc/authority".</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.DataSourceRealm"
+   dataSourceName="jdbc/authority"
+   userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
+   userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>Additional Notes</h5>
+
+<p>DataSourceRealm operates according to the following rules:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>When a user attempts to access a protected resource for the first time,
+    Tomcat will call the <code>authenticate()</code> method of this
+    <code>Realm</code>.  Thus, any changes you have made to the database
+    directly (new users, changed passwords or roles, etc.) will be immediately
+    reflected.</li>
+<li>Once a user has been authenticated, the user (and their associated
+    roles) are cached within Tomcat for the duration of the user's login.
+    (For FORM-based authentication, that means until the session times out or
+    is invalidated; for BASIC authentication, that means until the user
+    closes their browser).  The cached user is <strong>not</strong> saved and
+    restored across sessions serialisations. Any changes to the database
+    information for an already authenticated user will <strong>not</strong> be
+    reflected until the next time that user logs on again.</li>
+<li>Administering the information in the <em>users</em> and <em>user roles</em>
+    table is the responsibility of your own applications.  Tomcat does not
+    provide any built-in capabilities to maintain users and roles.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JNDIRealm">JNDIRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+<h5>Introduction</h5>
+
+<p><strong>JNDIRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+<code>Realm</code> interface that looks up users in an LDAP directory
+server accessed by a JNDI provider (typically, the standard LDAP
+provider that is available with the JNDI API classes). The realm
+supports a variety of approaches to using a directory for
+authentication.</p>
+
+<h6>Connecting to the directory</h6>
+
+<p>The realm's connection to the directory is defined by the
+<strong>connectionURL</strong> configuration attribute. This is a URL
+whose format is defined by the JNDI provider. It is usually an LDAP
+URL that specifies the domain name of the directory server to connect
+to, and optionally the port number and distinguished name (DN) of the
+required root naming context.</p>
+
+<p>If you have more than one provider you can configure an
+<strong>alternateURL</strong>.  If a socket connection cannot be
+made to the provider at the <strong>connectionURL</strong> an
+attempt will be made to use the <strong>alternateURL</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>When making a connection in order to search the directory and
+retrieve user and role information, the realm authenticates itself to
+the directory with the username and password specified by the
+<strong>connectionName</strong> and
+<strong>connectionPassword</strong> properties. If these properties
+are not specified the connection is anonymous. This is sufficient in
+many cases.
+</p>
+
+
+<h6>Selecting the user's directory entry</h6>
+
+<p>Each user that can be authenticated must be represented in the
+directory by an individual entry that corresponds to an element in the
+initial <code>DirContext</code> defined by the
+<strong>connectionURL</strong> attribute. This user entry must have an
+attribute containing the username that is presented for
+authentication.</p>
+
+<p>Often the distinguished name of the user's entry contains the
+username presented for authentication but is otherwise the same for
+all users. In this case the <strong>userPattern</strong> attribute may
+be used to specify the DN, with "{0}" marking where
+the username should be substituted.</p>
+
+<p>Otherwise the realm must search the directory to find a unique entry
+containing the username. The following attributes configure this
+search:</p>
+
+     <ul>
+     <li><strong>userBase</strong> - the entry that is the base of
+         the subtree containing users.  If not specified, the search
+         base is the top-level context.</li>
+
+     <li><strong>userSubtree</strong> - the search scope. Set to
+         <code>true</code> if you wish to search the entire subtree
+         rooted at the <strong>userBase</strong> entry. The default value
+         of <code>false</code> requests a single-level search
+         including only the top level.</li>
+
+     <li><strong>userSearch</strong> - pattern specifying the LDAP
+         search filter to use after substitution of the username.</li>
+
+    </ul>
+
+
+<h6>Authenticating the user</h6>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><b>Bind mode</b></p>
+
+<p>By default the realm authenticates a user by binding to
+the directory with the DN of the entry for that user and the password
+presented by the user. If this simple bind succeeds the user is considered to
+be authenticated.</p>
+
+<p>For security reasons a directory may store a digest of the user's
+password rather than the clear text version (see
+<a href="#Digested_Passwords">Digested Passwords</a> for more information). In that case,
+as part of the simple bind operation the directory automatically
+computes the correct digest of the plaintext password presented by the
+user before validating it against the stored value. In bind mode,
+therefore, the realm is not involved in digest processing. The
+<strong>digest</strong> attribute is not used, and will be ignored if
+set.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p><b>Comparison mode</b></p>
+<p>Alternatively, the realm may retrieve the stored
+password from the directory and compare it explicitly with the value
+presented by the user. This mode is configured by setting the
+<strong>userPassword</strong> attribute to the name of a directory
+attribute in the user's entry that contains the password.</p>
+
+<p>Comparison mode has some disadvantages. First, the
+<strong>connectionName</strong> and
+<strong>connectionPassword</strong> attributes must be configured to
+allow the realm to read users' passwords in the directory. For
+security reasons this is generally undesirable; indeed many directory
+implementations will not allow even the directory manager to read
+these passwords. In addition, the realm must handle password digests
+itself, including variations in the algorithms used and ways of
+representing password hashes in the directory. However, the realm may
+sometimes need access to the stored password, for example to support
+HTTP Digest Access Authentication (RFC 2069). (Note that HTTP digest
+authentication is different from the storage of password digests in
+the repository for user information as discussed above).
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h6>Assigning roles to the user</h6>
+
+<p>The directory realm supports two approaches to the representation
+of roles in the directory:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><b>Roles as explicit directory entries</b></p>
+
+<p>Roles may be represented by explicit directory entries. A role
+entry is usually an LDAP group entry with one attribute
+containing the name of the role and another whose values are the
+distinguished names or usernames of the users in that role.  The
+following attributes configure a directory search to
+find the names of roles associated with the authenticated user:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><strong>roleBase</strong> - the base entry for the role search.
+    If not specified, the search base is the top-level directory
+    context.</li>
+
+<li><strong>roleSubtree</strong> - the search
+    scope. Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to search the entire
+    subtree rooted at the <code>roleBase</code> entry. The default
+    value of <code>false</code> requests a single-level search
+    including the top level only.</li>
+
+<li><strong>roleSearch</strong> - the LDAP search filter for
+    selecting role entries. It optionally includes pattern
+    replacements "{0}" for the distinguished name and/or "{1}" for the
+    username and/or "{2}" for an attribute from user's directory entry,
+    of the authenticated user. Use <strong>userRoleAttribute</strong> to
+    specify the name of the attribute that provides the value for "{2}".</li>
+
+<li><strong>roleName</strong> - the attribute in a role entry
+     containing the name of that role.</li>
+
+<li><strong>roleNested</strong> - enable nested roles. Set to
+     <code>true</code> if you want to nest roles in roles. If configured, then
+     every newly found roleName and distinguished
+     Name will be recursively tried for a new role search.
+     The default value is <code>false</code>.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><b>Roles as an attribute of the user entry</b></p>
+
+<p>Role names may also be held as the values of an attribute in the
+user's directory entry. Use <strong>userRoleName</strong> to specify
+the name of this attribute.</p>
+
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>A combination of both approaches to role representation may be used.</p>
+
+<h5>Quick Start</h5>
+
+<p>To set up Tomcat to use JNDIRealm, you will need to follow these steps:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Make sure your directory server is configured with a schema that matches
+    the requirements listed above.</li>
+<li>If required, configure a username and password for use by Tomcat, that has
+    read only access to the information described above.  (Tomcat will
+    never attempt to modify this information.)</li>
+<li>Set up a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code> element, as described below, in your
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file.</li>
+<li>Restart Tomcat if it is already running.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h5>Realm Element Attributes</h5>
+
+<p>To configure JNDIRealm, you will create a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code>
+element and nest it in your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file,
+as described <a href="#Configuring_a_Realm">above</a>. The attributes for the
+JNDIRealm are defined in the <a href="config/realm.html">Realm</a> configuration
+documentation.</p>
+
+<h5>Example</h5>
+
+<p>Creation of the appropriate schema in your directory server is beyond the
+scope of this document, because it is unique to each directory server
+implementation.  In the examples below, we will assume that you are using a
+distribution of the OpenLDAP directory server (version 2.0.11 or later), which
+can be downloaded from
+<a href="https://www.openldap.org">https://www.openldap.org</a>.  Assume that
+your <code>slapd.conf</code> file contains the following settings
+(among others):</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>database ldbm
+suffix dc="mycompany",dc="com"
+rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
+rootpw secret</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>We will assume for <code>connectionURL</code> that the directory
+server runs on the same machine as Tomcat.  See <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/jndi/index.html">
+http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/jndi/index.html</a>
+for more information about configuring and using the JNDI LDAP
+provider.</p>
+
+<p>Next, assume that this directory server has been populated with elements
+as shown below (in LDIF format):</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code># Define top-level entry
+dn: dc=mycompany,dc=com
+objectClass: dcObject
+dc:mycompany
+
+# Define an entry to contain people
+# searches for users are based on this entry
+dn: ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+objectClass: organizationalUnit
+ou: people
+
+# Define a user entry for Janet Jones
+dn: uid=jjones,ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+objectClass: inetOrgPerson
+uid: jjones
+sn: jones
+cn: janet jones
+mail: j.jones@mycompany.com
+userPassword: janet
+
+# Define a user entry for Fred Bloggs
+dn: uid=fbloggs,ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+objectClass: inetOrgPerson
+uid: fbloggs
+sn: bloggs
+cn: fred bloggs
+mail: f.bloggs@mycompany.com
+userPassword: fred
+
+# Define an entry to contain LDAP groups
+# searches for roles are based on this entry
+dn: ou=groups,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+objectClass: organizationalUnit
+ou: groups
+
+# Define an entry for the "tomcat" role
+dn: cn=tomcat,ou=groups,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames
+cn: tomcat
+uniqueMember: uid=jjones,ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+uniqueMember: uid=fbloggs,ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+
+# Define an entry for the "role1" role
+dn: cn=role1,ou=groups,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames
+cn: role1
+uniqueMember: uid=fbloggs,ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>An example <code>Realm</code> element for the OpenLDAP directory
+server configured as described above might look like this, assuming
+that users use their uid (e.g. jjones) to login to the
+application and that an anonymous connection is sufficient to search
+the directory and retrieve role information:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm   className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm"
+     connectionURL="ldap://localhost:389"
+       userPattern="uid={0},ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
+          roleBase="ou=groups,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
+          roleName="cn"
+        roleSearch="(uniqueMember={0})"
+/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>With this configuration, the realm will determine the user's
+distinguished name by substituting the username into the
+<code>userPattern</code>, authenticate by binding to the directory
+with this DN and the password received from the user, and search the
+directory to find the user's roles.</p>
+
+<p>Now suppose that users are expected to enter their email address
+rather than their userid when logging in. In this case the realm must
+search the directory for the user's entry. (A search is also necessary
+when user entries are held in multiple subtrees corresponding perhaps
+to different organizational units or company locations).</p>
+
+<p>Further, suppose that in addition to the group entries you want to
+use an attribute of the user's entry to hold roles. Now the entry for
+Janet Jones might read as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>dn: uid=jjones,ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com
+objectClass: inetOrgPerson
+uid: jjones
+sn: jones
+cn: janet jones
+mail: j.jones@mycompany.com
+memberOf: role2
+memberOf: role3
+userPassword: janet</code></pre></div>
+
+<p> This realm configuration would satisfy the new requirements:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm   className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm"
+     connectionURL="ldap://localhost:389"
+          userBase="ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
+        userSearch="(mail={0})"
+      userRoleName="memberOf"
+          roleBase="ou=groups,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
+          roleName="cn"
+        roleSearch="(uniqueMember={0})"
+/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Now when Janet Jones logs in as "j.jones@mycompany.com", the realm
+searches the directory for a unique entry with that value as its mail
+attribute and attempts to bind to the directory as
+<code>uid=jjones,ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com</code> with the given
+password. If authentication succeeds, they are assigned three roles:
+"role2" and "role3", the values of the "memberOf" attribute in their
+directory entry, and "tomcat", the value of the "cn" attribute in the
+only group entry of which they are a member.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, to authenticate the user by retrieving
+the password from the directory and making a local comparison in the
+realm, you might use a realm configuration like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm   className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm"
+    connectionName="cn=Manager,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
+connectionPassword="secret"
+     connectionURL="ldap://localhost:389"
+      userPassword="userPassword"
+       userPattern="uid={0},ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
+          roleBase="ou=groups,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
+          roleName="cn"
+        roleSearch="(uniqueMember={0})"
+/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>However, as discussed above, the default bind mode for
+authentication is usually to be preferred.</p>
+
+<h5>Additional Notes</h5>
+
+<p>JNDIRealm operates according to the following rules:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>When a user attempts to access a protected resource for the first time,
+    Tomcat will call the <code>authenticate()</code> method of this
+    <code>Realm</code>.  Thus, any changes you have made to the directory
+    (new users, changed passwords or roles, etc.) will be immediately
+    reflected.</li>
+<li>Once a user has been authenticated, the user (and their associated
+    roles) are cached within Tomcat for the duration of the user's login.
+    (For FORM-based authentication, that means until the session times out or
+    is invalidated; for BASIC authentication, that means until the user
+    closes their browser).  The cached user is <strong>not</strong> saved and
+    restored across sessions serialisations. Any changes to the directory
+    information for an already authenticated user will <strong>not</strong> be
+    reflected until the next time that user logs on again.</li>
+<li>Administering the information in the directory server
+    is the responsibility of your own applications.  Tomcat does not
+    provide any built-in capabilities to maintain users and roles.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="UserDatabaseRealm">UserDatabaseRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+<h5>Introduction</h5>
+
+<p><strong>UserDatabaseRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+<code>Realm</code> interface that uses a JNDI resource to store user
+information. By default, the JNDI resource is backed by an XML file. It is not
+designed for large-scale production use. At startup time, the UserDatabaseRealm
+loads information about all users, and their corresponding roles, from an XML
+document (by default, this document is loaded from
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>). The users, their passwords
+and their roles may all be editing dynamically, typically via JMX. Changes may
+be saved and will be reflected in the XML file.</p>
+
+<h5>Realm Element Attributes</h5>
+
+<p>To configure UserDatabaseRealm, you will create a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code>
+element and nest it in your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file,
+as described <a href="#Configuring_a_Realm">above</a>. The attributes for the
+UserDatabaseRealm are defined in the <a href="config/realm.html">Realm</a>
+configuration documentation.</p>
+
+<h5>User File Format</h5>
+
+<p>For the XML file based <code>UserDatabase</code>, the users file uses the
+same format as the <a href="#MemoryRealm">MemoryRealm</a>.</p>
+
+<h5>Example</h5>
+
+<p>The default installation of Tomcat is configured with a UserDatabaseRealm
+nested inside the <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code> element, so that it applies
+to all virtual hosts and web applications.  The default contents of the
+<code>conf/tomcat-users.xml</code> file is:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;tomcat-users&gt;
+  &lt;user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat" /&gt;
+  &lt;user username="role1"  password="tomcat" roles="role1"  /&gt;
+  &lt;user username="both"   password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1" /&gt;
+&lt;/tomcat-users&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>Additional Notes</h5>
+
+<p>UserDatabaseRealm operates according to the following rules:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>When Tomcat first starts up, it loads all defined users and their
+    associated information from the users file. Changes made to the data in
+    this file will <strong>not</strong> be recognized until Tomcat is
+    restarted. Changes may be made via the UserDatabase resource. Tomcat
+    provides MBeans that may be accessed via JMX for this purpose.</li>
+<li>When a user attempts to access a protected resource for the first time,
+    Tomcat will call the <code>authenticate()</code> method of this
+    <code>Realm</code>.</li>
+<li>Once a user has been authenticated, the user becomes associated within
+    Tomcat for the duration of the user's login.
+    (For FORM-based authentication, that means until the session times out or
+    is invalidated; for BASIC authentication, that means until the user
+    closes their browser). However, the user roles will still reflect the
+    <code>UserDatabase</code> contents, unlike for the other realms. If a user
+    is removed from the database, it will be considered to have no roles.
+    The <code>useStaticPrincipal</code> attribute of the
+    <code>UserDatabaseRealm</code> can be used to instead cache the user along
+    with all its roles. The cached user is <strong>not</strong> saved and
+    restored across sessions serialisations. When the user's principal object
+    is serialized for any reason, it will also be replaced by a static
+    equivalent object with roles that will no longer reflect the database
+    contents.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="MemoryRealm">MemoryRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+<h5>Introduction</h5>
+
+<p><strong>MemoryRealm</strong> is a simple demonstration implementation of the
+Tomcat <code>Realm</code> interface.  It is not designed for production use.
+At startup time, MemoryRealm loads information about all users, and their
+corresponding roles, from an XML document (by default, this document is loaded
+from <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>).  Changes to the data
+in this file are not recognized until Tomcat is restarted.</p>
+
+<h5>Realm Element Attributes</h5>
+
+<p>To configure MemoryRealm, you will create a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code>
+element and nest it in your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file,
+as described <a href="#Configuring_a_Realm">above</a>. The attributes for the
+MemoryRealm are defined in the <a href="config/realm.html">Realm</a>
+configuration documentation.</p>
+
+<h5>User File Format</h5>
+
+<p>The users file (by default, <code>conf/tomcat-users.xml</code> must be an
+XML document, with a root element <code>&lt;tomcat-users&gt;</code>.  Nested
+inside the root element will be a <code>&lt;user&gt;</code> element for each
+valid user, consisting of the following attributes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>name</strong> - Username this user must log on with.</li>
+<li><strong>password</strong> - Password this user must log on with (in
+    clear text if the <code>digest</code> attribute was not set on the
+    <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code> element, or digested appropriately as
+    described <a href="#Digested_Passwords">here</a> otherwise).</li>
+<li><strong>roles</strong> - Comma-delimited list of the role names
+    associated with this user.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h5>Additional Notes</h5>
+
+<p>MemoryRealm operates according to the following rules:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>When Tomcat first starts up, it loads all defined users and their
+    associated information from the users file.  Changes to the data in
+    this file will <strong>not</strong> be recognized until Tomcat is
+    restarted.</li>
+<li>When a user attempts to access a protected resource for the first time,
+    Tomcat will call the <code>authenticate()</code> method of this
+    <code>Realm</code>.</li>
+<li>Once a user has been authenticated, the user (and their associated
+    roles) are cached within Tomcat for the duration of the user's login.
+    (For FORM-based authentication, that means until the session times out or
+    is invalidated; for BASIC authentication, that means until the user
+    closes their browser).  The cached user is <strong>not</strong> saved and
+    restored across sessions serialisations.</li>
+<li>Administering the information in the users file is the responsibility
+    of your application.  Tomcat does not
+    provide any built-in capabilities to maintain users and roles.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JAASRealm">JAASRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+<h5>Introduction</h5>
+
+        <p><strong>JAASRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+<code>Realm</code> interface that authenticates users through the Java
+Authentication &amp; Authorization Service (JAAS) framework which is now
+provided as part of the standard Java SE API.</p>
+        <p>Using JAASRealm gives the developer the ability to combine
+practically any conceivable security realm with Tomcat's CMA. </p>
+        <p>JAASRealm is prototype for Tomcat of the JAAS-based
+J2EE authentication framework for J2EE v1.4, based on the <a href="https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=196">JCP Specification
+Request 196</a> to enhance container-managed security and promote
+'pluggable' authentication mechanisms whose implementations would be
+container-independent.
+        </p>
+        <p>Based on the JAAS login module and principal (see <code>javax.security.auth.spi.LoginModule</code>
+and <code>javax.security.Principal</code>), you can develop your own
+security mechanism or wrap another third-party mechanism for
+integration with the CMA as implemented by Tomcat.
+        </p>
+
+        <h5>Quick Start</h5>
+        <p>To set up Tomcat to use JAASRealm with your own JAAS login module,
+ you will need to follow these steps:</p>
+        <ol>
+          <li>Write your own LoginModule, User and Role classes based
+on JAAS (see
+<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/jaas/tutorials/GeneralAcnOnly.html">
+the JAAS Authentication Tutorial</a> and
+<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/jaas/JAASLMDevGuide.html">
+the JAAS Login Module Developer's Guide</a>) to be managed by the JAAS Login
+Context (<code>javax.security.auth.login.LoginContext</code>)
+When developing your LoginModule, note that JAASRealm's built-in <code>CallbackHandler</code>
+only recognizes the <code>NameCallback</code> and <code>PasswordCallback</code> at present.
+          </li>
+          <li>Although not specified in JAAS, you should create
+separate classes to distinguish between users and roles, extending <code>javax.security.Principal</code>,
+so that Tomcat can tell which Principals returned from your login
+module are users and which are roles (see <code>org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm</code>).
+Regardless, the first Principal returned is <em>always</em> treated as the user Principal.
+          </li>
+          <li>Place the compiled classes on Tomcat's classpath
+          </li>
+          <li>Set up a login.config file for Java (see <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/jaas/tutorials/LoginConfigFile.html">
+JAAS LoginConfig file</a>) and tell Tomcat where to find it by specifying
+its location to the JVM, for instance by setting the environment
+variable: <code>JAVA_OPTS=$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.security.auth.login.config==$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jaas.config</code></li>
+
+          <li>Configure your security-constraints in your web.xml for
+the resources you want to protect</li>
+          <li>Configure the JAASRealm module in your server.xml </li>
+          <li>Restart Tomcat if it is already running.</li>
+        </ol>
+        <h5>Realm Element Attributes</h5>
+        <p>To configure JAASRealm as for step 6 above, you create
+a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code> element and nest it in your
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code>
+file within your <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code> node. The attributes for the
+JAASRealm are defined in the <a href="config/realm.html">Realm</a>
+configuration documentation.</p>
+
+<h5>Example</h5>
+
+<p>Here is an example of how your server.xml snippet should look.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm"
+                appName="MyFooRealm"
+    userClassNames="org.foobar.realm.FooUser"
+     roleClassNames="org.foobar.realm.FooRole"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>It is the responsibility of your login module to create and save User and
+Role objects representing Principals for the user
+(<code>javax.security.auth.Subject</code>). If your login module doesn't
+create a user object but also doesn't throw a login exception, then the
+Tomcat CMA will break and you will be left at the
+http://localhost:8080/myapp/j_security_check URI or at some other
+unspecified location.</p>
+
+        <p>The flexibility of the JAAS approach is two-fold: </p>
+        <ul>
+          <li>you can carry out whatever processing you require behind
+the scenes in your own login module.</li>
+          <li>you can plug in a completely different LoginModule by changing the configuration
+and restarting the server, without any code changes to your application.</li>
+        </ul>
+
+        <h5>Additional Notes</h5>
+        <ul>
+          <li>When a user attempts to access a protected resource for
+              the first time, Tomcat will call the <code>authenticate()</code>
+              method of this <code>Realm</code>.  Thus, any changes you have made in
+              the security mechanism directly (new users, changed passwords or
+              roles, etc.) will be immediately reflected.</li>
+          <li>Once a user has been authenticated, the user (and their
+              associated roles) are cached within Tomcat for the duration of
+              the user's login.  For FORM-based authentication, that means until
+              the session times out or is invalidated; for BASIC authentication,
+              that means until the user closes their browser.  Any changes to the
+              security information for an already authenticated user will <strong>not</strong>
+              be reflected until the next time that user logs on again.</li>
+          <li>As with other <code>Realm</code> implementations, digested passwords
+              are supported if the <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code> element in <code>server.xml</code>
+              contains a <code>digest</code> attribute; JAASRealm's <code>CallbackHandler</code>
+              will digest the password prior to passing it back to the <code>LoginModule</code></li>
+        </ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="CombinedRealm">CombinedRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <h5>Introduction</h5>
+
+    <p><strong>CombinedRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+    <code>Realm</code> interface that authenticates users through one or more
+    sub-Realms.</p>
+
+    <p>Using CombinedRealm gives the developer the ability to combine multiple
+    Realms of the same or different types. This can be used to authenticate
+    against different sources, provide fall back in case one Realm fails or for
+    any other purpose that requires multiple Realms.</p>
+
+    <p>Sub-realms are defined by nesting <code>Realm</code> elements inside the
+    <code>Realm</code> element that defines the CombinedRealm. Authentication
+    will be attempted against each <code>Realm</code> in the order they are
+    listed. Authentication against any Realm will be sufficient to authenticate
+    the user.</p>
+
+    <h5>Realm Element Attributes</h5>
+    <p>To configure a CombinedRealm, you create a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code>
+    element and nest it in your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code>
+    file within your <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;Host&gt;</code>.
+    You can also nest inside a <code>&lt;Context&gt;</code> node in a
+    <code>context.xml</code> file.</p>
+
+<h5>Example</h5>
+
+<p>Here is an example of how your server.xml snippet should look to use a
+UserDatabase Realm and a DataSource Realm.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.CombinedRealm" &gt;
+   &lt;Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
+             resourceName="UserDatabase"/&gt;
+   &lt;Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.DataSourceRealm"
+             dataSourceName="jdbc/authority"
+             userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
+             userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name"/&gt;
+&lt;/Realm&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="LockOutRealm">LockOutRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <h5>Introduction</h5>
+
+    <p><strong>LockOutRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+    <code>Realm</code> interface that extends the CombinedRealm to provide lock
+    out functionality to provide a user lock out mechanism if there are too many
+    failed authentication attempts in a given period of time.</p>
+
+    <p>To ensure correct operation, there is a reasonable degree of
+    synchronisation in this Realm.</p>
+
+    <p>This Realm does not require modification to the underlying Realms or the
+    associated user storage mechanisms. It achieves this by recording all failed
+    logins, including those for users that do not exist. To prevent a DOS by
+    deliberating making requests with invalid users (and hence causing this
+    cache to grow) the size of the list of users that have failed authentication
+    is limited.</p>
+
+    <p>Sub-realms are defined by nesting <code>Realm</code> elements inside the
+    <code>Realm</code> element that defines the LockOutRealm. Authentication
+    will be attempted against each <code>Realm</code> in the order they are
+    listed. Authentication against any Realm will be sufficient to authenticate
+    the user.</p>
+
+    <h5>Realm Element Attributes</h5>
+    <p>To configure a LockOutRealm, you create a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code>
+    element and nest it in your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code>
+    file within your <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;Host&gt;</code>.
+    You can also nest inside a <code>&lt;Context&gt;</code> node in a
+    <code>context.xml</code> file. The attributes for the
+    LockOutRealm are defined in the <a href="config/realm.html">Realm</a>
+    configuration documentation.</p>
+
+<h5>Example</h5>
+
+<p>Here is an example of how your server.xml snippet should look to add lock out
+functionality to a UserDatabase Realm.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm" &gt;
+   &lt;Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
+             resourceName="UserDatabase"/&gt;
+&lt;/Realm&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JDBCRealm">JDBCRealm</h4><div class="text">
+
+<h5>Introduction</h5>
+
+<p><strong>The JDBC Database Realm has been deprecated and will be removed
+in Tomcat 10 onwards. Use the DataSourceRealm instead.</strong></p>
+
+<p><strong>JDBCRealm</strong> is an implementation of the Tomcat
+<code>Realm</code> interface that looks up users in a relational database
+accessed via a JDBC driver.  There is substantial configuration flexibility
+that lets you adapt to existing table and column names, as long as your
+database structure conforms to the following requirements:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>There must be a table, referenced below as the <em>users</em> table,
+    that contains one row for every valid user that this <code>Realm</code>
+    should recognize.</li>
+<li>The <em>users</em> table must contain at least two columns (it may
+    contain more if your existing applications required it):
+    <ul>
+    <li>Username to be recognized by Tomcat when the user logs in.</li>
+    <li>Password to be recognized by Tomcat when the user logs in.
+        This value may in cleartext or digested - see below for more
+        information.</li>
+    </ul></li>
+<li>There must be a table, referenced below as the <em>user roles</em> table,
+    that contains one row for every valid role that is assigned to a
+    particular user.  It is legal for a user to have zero, one, or more than
+    one valid role.</li>
+<li>The <em>user roles</em> table must contain at least two columns (it may
+    contain more if your existing applications required it):
+    <ul>
+    <li>Username to be recognized by Tomcat (same value as is specified
+        in the <em>users</em> table).</li>
+    <li>Role name of a valid role associated with this user.</li>
+    </ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h5>Quick Start</h5>
+
+<p>To set up Tomcat to use JDBCRealm, you will need to follow these steps:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>If you have not yet done so, create tables and columns in your database
+    that conform to the requirements described above.</li>
+<li>Configure a database username and password for use by Tomcat, that has
+    at least read only access to the tables described above.  (Tomcat will
+    never attempt to write to these tables.)</li>
+<li>Place a copy of the JDBC driver you will be using inside the
+    <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code> directory.
+    Note that <strong>only</strong> JAR files are recognized!</li>
+<li>Set up a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code> element, as described below, in your
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file.</li>
+<li>Restart Tomcat if it is already running.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h5>Realm Element Attributes</h5>
+
+<p>To configure JDBCRealm, you will create a <code>&lt;Realm&gt;</code>
+element and nest it in your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file,
+as described <a href="#Configuring_a_Realm">above</a>. The attributes for the
+JDBCRealm are defined in the <a href="config/realm.html">Realm</a> configuration
+documentation.</p>
+
+<h5>Example</h5>
+
+<p>An example SQL script to create the needed tables might look something
+like this (adapt the syntax as required for your particular database):</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>create table users (
+  user_name         varchar(15) not null primary key,
+  user_pass         varchar(15) not null
+);
+
+create table user_roles (
+  user_name         varchar(15) not null,
+  role_name         varchar(15) not null,
+  primary key (user_name, role_name)
+);</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Example <code>Realm</code> elements are included (commented out) in the
+default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file.  Here's an example
+for using a MySQL database called "authority", configured with the tables
+described above, and accessed with username "dbuser" and password "dbpass":</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm"
+      driverName="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"
+   connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost/authority?user=dbuser&amp;amp;password=dbpass"
+       userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
+   userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<h5>Additional Notes</h5>
+
+<p>JDBCRealm operates according to the following rules:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>When a user attempts to access a protected resource for the first time,
+    Tomcat will call the <code>authenticate()</code> method of this
+    <code>Realm</code>.  Thus, any changes you have made to the database
+    directly (new users, changed passwords or roles, etc.) will be immediately
+    reflected.</li>
+<li>Once a user has been authenticated, the user (and his or her associated
+    roles) are cached within Tomcat for the duration of the user's login.
+    (For FORM-based authentication, that means until the session times out or
+    is invalidated; for BASIC authentication, that means until the user
+    closes their browser).  The cached user is <strong>not</strong> saved and
+    restored across sessions serialisations. Any changes to the database
+    information for an already authenticated user will <strong>not</strong> be
+    reflected until the next time that user logs on again.</li>
+<li>Administering the information in the <em>users</em> and <em>user roles</em>
+    table is the responsibility of your own applications.  Tomcat does not
+    provide any built-in capabilities to maintain users and roles.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,754 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - The rewrite Valve</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>The rewrite Valve</h2><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The rewrite valve implements URL rewrite functionality in a way that is
+  very similar to mod_rewrite from Apache HTTP Server.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Configuration">Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The rewrite valve is configured as a valve using the <code>org.apache.catalina.valves.rewrite.RewriteValve</code>
+  class name.</p>
+
+  <p>The rewrite valve can be configured as a valve added in a Host.
+     See <a href="config/host.html">virtual-server</a> documentation for
+     information on how to configure it. It will use a <code>rewrite.config</code> file
+     containing the rewrite directives, it must be placed in the Host configuration
+     folder.
+  </p>
+
+  <p>It can also be in the context.xml of a webapp.
+  The valve will then use a <code>rewrite.config</code> file containing the
+  rewrite directives, it must be placed in the WEB-INF folder of the web application
+  </p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Directives">Directives</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The rewrite.config file contains a list of directives which closely
+  resemble the directives used by mod_rewrite, in particular the central
+  RewriteRule and RewriteCond directives. Lines that start with a
+  <code>#</code> character are treated as comments and will be ignored.</p>
+
+  <p>Note: This section is a modified version of the mod_rewrite documentation,
+  which is Copyright 1995-2006 The Apache Software Foundation, and licensed under the
+  under the Apache License, Version 2.0.</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="RewriteCond">RewriteCond</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Syntax: <code>RewriteCond TestString CondPattern</code></p>
+
+    <p>The RewriteCond directive defines a rule condition. One or more RewriteCond
+    can precede a RewriteRule directive. The following rule is then only used if both
+    the current state of the URI matches its pattern, and if these conditions are met.</p>
+
+      <p><em>TestString</em> is a string which can contain the
+      following expanded constructs in addition to plain text:</p>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>
+          <strong>RewriteRule backreferences</strong>: These are
+          backreferences of the form <strong><code>$N</code></strong>
+          (0 &lt;= N &lt;= 9), which provide access to the grouped
+          parts (in parentheses) of the pattern, from the
+          <code>RewriteRule</code> which is subject to the current
+          set of <code>RewriteCond</code> conditions..
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <strong>RewriteCond backreferences</strong>: These are
+          backreferences of the form <strong><code>%N</code></strong>
+          (1 &lt;= N &lt;= 9), which provide access to the grouped
+          parts (again, in parentheses) of the pattern, from the last matched
+          <code>RewriteCond</code> in the current set
+          of conditions.
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <strong>RewriteMap expansions</strong>: These are
+          expansions of the form <strong><code>${mapname:key|default}</code></strong>.
+          See <a href="#RewriteMap">the documentation for
+          RewriteMap</a> for more details.
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <strong>Server-Variables</strong>: These are variables of
+          the form
+            <strong><code>%{</code> <em>NAME_OF_VARIABLE</em>
+            <code>}</code></strong>
+          where <em>NAME_OF_VARIABLE</em> can be a string taken
+          from the following list:
+
+          <ul>
+          <li>
+          <p><b>HTTP headers:</b></p>
+          <p>
+            HTTP_USER_AGENT<br>
+            HTTP_REFERER<br>
+            HTTP_COOKIE<br>
+            HTTP_FORWARDED<br>
+            HTTP_HOST<br>
+            HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION<br>
+            HTTP_ACCEPT<br>
+          </p>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+          <p><b>connection &amp; request:</b></p>
+          <p>
+            REMOTE_ADDR<br>
+            REMOTE_HOST<br>
+            REMOTE_PORT<br>
+            REMOTE_USER<br>
+            REMOTE_IDENT<br>
+            REQUEST_METHOD<br>
+            SCRIPT_FILENAME<br>
+            REQUEST_PATH<br>
+            CONTEXT_PATH<br>
+            SERVLET_PATH<br>
+            PATH_INFO<br>
+            QUERY_STRING<br>
+            AUTH_TYPE<br>
+          </p>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+          <p><b>server internals:</b></p>
+          <p>
+            DOCUMENT_ROOT<br>
+            SERVER_NAME<br>
+            SERVER_ADDR<br>
+            SERVER_PORT<br>
+            SERVER_PROTOCOL<br>
+            SERVER_SOFTWARE<br>
+          </p>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+          <p><b>date and time:</b></p>
+          <p>
+            TIME_YEAR<br>
+            TIME_MON<br>
+            TIME_DAY<br>
+            TIME_HOUR<br>
+            TIME_MIN<br>
+            TIME_SEC<br>
+            TIME_WDAY<br>
+            TIME<br>
+          </p>
+          </li>
+          <li>
+          <p><b>specials:</b></p>
+          <p>
+            THE_REQUEST<br>
+            REQUEST_URI<br>
+            REQUEST_FILENAME<br>
+            HTTPS<br>
+          </p>
+          </li>
+          </ul>
+
+                <p>These variables all
+                correspond to the similarly named HTTP
+                MIME-headers and Servlet API methods.
+                Most are documented elsewhere in the Manual or in
+                the CGI specification. Those that are special to
+                the rewrite valve include those below.</p>
+
+                <dl>
+
+                  <dt><code>REQUEST_PATH</code></dt>
+
+                  <dd>Corresponds to the full path that is used for mapping.</dd>
+
+                  <dt><code>CONTEXT_PATH</code></dt>
+
+                  <dd>Corresponds to the path of the mapped context.</dd>
+
+                  <dt><code>SERVLET_PATH</code></dt>
+
+                  <dd>Corresponds to the servlet path.</dd>
+
+                  <dt><code>THE_REQUEST</code></dt>
+
+                  <dd>The full HTTP request line sent by the
+                  browser to the server (e.g., "<code>GET
+                  /index.html HTTP/1.1</code>"). This does not
+                  include any additional headers sent by the
+                  browser.</dd>
+
+                  <dt><code>REQUEST_URI</code></dt>
+
+                  <dd>The resource requested in the HTTP request
+                  line. (In the example above, this would be
+                  "/index.html".)</dd>
+
+                  <dt><code>REQUEST_FILENAME</code></dt>
+
+                  <dd>The full local file system path to the file or
+                  script matching the request.</dd>
+
+                  <dt><code>HTTPS</code></dt>
+
+                  <dd>Will contain the text "on" if the connection is
+                  using SSL/TLS, or "off" otherwise.</dd>
+
+                </dl>
+
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+
+      <p>Other things you should be aware of:</p>
+
+      <ol>
+        <li>The variables SCRIPT_FILENAME and REQUEST_FILENAME
+        contain the same value - the value of the
+        <code>filename</code> field of the internal
+        <code>request_rec</code> structure of the Apache server.
+        The first name is the commonly known CGI variable name
+        while the second is the appropriate counterpart of
+        REQUEST_URI (which contains the value of the
+        <code>uri</code> field of <code>request_rec</code>).</li>
+
+        <li>
+        <code>%{ENV:variable}</code>, where <em>variable</em> can be
+        any Java system property, is also available.</li>
+
+        <li>
+        <code>%{SSL:variable}</code>, where <em>variable</em> is the
+        name of an SSL environment
+        variable, are implemented, except
+        <code>SSL_SESSION_RESUMED</code>, <code>SSL_SECURE_RENEG</code>,
+        <code>SSL_COMPRESS_METHOD</code>, <code>SSL_TLS_SNI</code>,
+        <code>SSL_SRP_USER</code>, <code>SSL_SRP_USERINFO</code>,
+        <code>SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY</code>,
+        <code>SSL_CLIENT_SAN_OTHER_msUPN_n</code>,
+        <code>SSL_CLIENT_CERT_RFC4523_CEA</code>,
+        <code>SSL_SERVER_SAN_OTHER_dnsSRV_n</code>.
+        When OpenSSL is used, the variables related to the server
+        certificate, prefixed by <code>SSL_SERVER_</code> are not available.
+        Example:
+        <code>%{SSL:SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE}</code> may expand to
+        <code>128</code>.</li>
+
+        <li>
+        <code>%{HTTP:header}</code>, where <em>header</em> can be
+        any HTTP MIME-header name, can always be used to obtain the
+        value of a header sent in the HTTP request.
+        Example: <code>%{HTTP:Proxy-Connection}</code> is
+        the value of the HTTP header
+        '<code>Proxy-Connection:</code>'.</li>
+
+      </ol>
+
+      <p><em>CondPattern</em> is the condition pattern,
+       a regular expression which is applied to the
+      current instance of the <em>TestString</em>.
+      <em>TestString</em> is first evaluated, before being matched against
+      <em>CondPattern</em>.</p>
+
+      <p><strong>Remember:</strong> <em>CondPattern</em> is a
+      <em>perl compatible regular expression</em> with some
+      additions:</p>
+
+      <ol>
+        <li>You can prefix the pattern string with a
+        '<code>!</code>' character (exclamation mark) to specify a
+        <strong>non</strong>-matching pattern.</li>
+
+        <li>
+          There are some special variants of <em>CondPatterns</em>.
+          Instead of real regular expression strings you can also
+          use one of the following:
+
+          <ul>
+            <li>'<strong>&lt;CondPattern</strong>' (lexicographically
+            precedes)<br>
+            Treats the <em>CondPattern</em> as a plain string and
+            compares it lexicographically to <em>TestString</em>. True if
+            <em>TestString</em> lexicographically precedes
+            <em>CondPattern</em>.</li>
+
+            <li>'<strong>&gt;CondPattern</strong>' (lexicographically
+            follows)<br>
+            Treats the <em>CondPattern</em> as a plain string and
+            compares it lexicographically to <em>TestString</em>. True if
+            <em>TestString</em> lexicographically follows
+            <em>CondPattern</em>.</li>
+
+            <li>'<strong>=CondPattern</strong>' (lexicographically
+            equal)<br>
+            Treats the <em>CondPattern</em> as a plain string and
+            compares it lexicographically to <em>TestString</em>. True if
+            <em>TestString</em> is lexicographically equal to
+            <em>CondPattern</em> (the two strings are exactly
+            equal, character for character). If <em>CondPattern</em>
+            is <code>""</code> (two quotation marks) this
+            compares <em>TestString</em> to the empty string.</li>
+
+            <li>'<strong>-d</strong>' (is
+            <strong>d</strong>irectory)<br>
+             Treats the <em>TestString</em> as a pathname and tests
+            whether or not it exists, and is a directory.</li>
+
+            <li>'<strong>-f</strong>' (is regular
+            <strong>f</strong>ile)<br>
+             Treats the <em>TestString</em> as a pathname and tests
+            whether or not it exists, and is a regular file.</li>
+
+            <li>'<strong>-s</strong>' (is regular file, with
+            <strong>s</strong>ize)<br>
+            Treats the <em>TestString</em> as a pathname and tests
+            whether or not it exists, and is a regular file with size greater
+            than zero.</li>
+
+          </ul>
+
+<strong>Note:</strong>
+              All of these tests can
+              also be prefixed by an exclamation mark ('!') to
+              negate their meaning.
+
+        </li>
+
+        <li>You can also set special flags for
+      <em>CondPattern</em> by appending
+        <strong><code>[</code><em>flags</em><code>]</code></strong>
+      as the third argument to the <code>RewriteCond</code>
+      directive, where <em>flags</em> is a comma-separated list of any of the
+      following flags:
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>'<strong><code>nocase|NC</code></strong>'
+        (<strong>n</strong>o <strong>c</strong>ase)<br>
+        This makes the test case-insensitive - differences
+        between 'A-Z' and 'a-z' are ignored, both in the
+        expanded <em>TestString</em> and the <em>CondPattern</em>.
+        This flag is effective only for comparisons between
+        <em>TestString</em> and <em>CondPattern</em>. It has no
+        effect on file system and subrequest checks.</li>
+
+        <li>
+          '<strong><code>ornext|OR</code></strong>'
+          (<strong>or</strong> next condition)<br>
+          Use this to combine rule conditions with a local OR
+          instead of the implicit AND. Typical example:
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST}  ^host1.*  [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST}  ^host2.*  [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST}  ^host3.*
+RewriteRule ...some special stuff for any of these hosts...</code></pre></div>
+
+          Without this flag you would have to write the condition/rule
+          pair three times.
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+      </li>
+     </ol>
+
+      <p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
+
+       <p>To rewrite the Homepage of a site according to the
+        '<code>User-Agent:</code>' header of the request, you can
+        use the following: </p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>RewriteCond  %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^Mozilla.*
+RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.max.html  [L]
+
+RewriteCond  %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^Lynx.*
+RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.min.html  [L]
+
+RewriteRule  ^/$                 /homepage.std.html  [L]</code></pre></div>
+
+        <p>Explanation: If you use a browser which identifies itself
+        as 'Mozilla' (including Netscape Navigator, Mozilla etc), then you
+        get the max homepage (which could include frames, or other special
+        features).
+        If you use the Lynx browser (which is terminal-based), then
+        you get the min homepage (which could be a version designed for
+        easy, text-only browsing).
+        If neither of these conditions apply (you use any other browser,
+        or your browser identifies itself as something non-standard), you get
+        the std (standard) homepage.</p>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="RewriteMap">RewriteMap</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Syntax: <code>RewriteMap name rewriteMapClassName optionalParameters</code></p>
+
+    <p>The <code>rewriteMapClassName</code> value also allows special values:
+    <ul>
+    <li><code>int:toupper</code>: Special map converting passed values to upper case</li>
+    <li><code>int:tolower</code>: Special map converting passed values to lower case</li>
+    <li><code>int:escape</code>: URL escape the passed value</li>
+    <li><code>int:unescape</code>: URL unescape the passed value</li>
+    </ul>
+    </p>
+
+    <p>The maps are implemented using an interface that users must implement. Its class
+    name is <code>org.apache.catalina.valves.rewrite.RewriteMap</code>, and its code is:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>package org.apache.catalina.valves.rewrite;
+
+public interface RewriteMap {
+    default String setParameters(String params...); // calls setParameters(String) with the first parameter if there is only one
+    public String setParameters(String params);
+    public String lookup(String key);
+}</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>The referenced implementation of such a class &ndash; in our example <code>rewriteMapClassName</code> &ndash;
+    will be instantiated and initialized with the optional parameter &ndash; <code>optionalParameters</code> from above
+    (be careful with whitespace) &ndash; by calling <code>setParameters(String)</code>. That instance
+    will then be registered under the name given as the first parameter of <code>RewriteMap</code> rule.</p>
+
+    <p>Note: Starting with Tomcat 9 you can use more than one parameter. These have to be separated by spaces. Parameters
+    can be quoted with ". This enables space characters inside parameters.</p>
+
+    <p>That map instance will be given the the lookup value that is configured in the corresponding <code>RewriteRule</code> by
+    calling <code>lookup(String)</code>. Your implementation is free to return <code>null</code> to indicate,
+    that the given default should be used, or to return a replacement value.</p>
+
+    <p>Say, you want to implement a rewrite map function that converts all lookup keys to uppercase. You
+    would start by implementing a class that implements the <code>RewriteMap</code> interface.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>package example.maps;
+
+import org.apache.catalina.valves.rewrite.RewriteMap;
+
+public class UpperCaseMap implements RewriteMap {
+
+  @Override
+  public String setParameters(String params) {
+    // nothing to be done here
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String lookup(String key) {
+    if (key == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return key.toUpperCase();
+  }
+
+}</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Compile this class, put it into a jar and place that jar in <code>${CATALINA_BASE}/lib</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>Having done that, you can now define a map with the <code>RewriteMap</code> directive
+    and further on use that map in a <code>RewriteRule</code>.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>RewriteMap uc example.maps.UpperCaseMap
+
+RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ ${uc:$1}
+</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>With this setup a request to the url path <code>/index.html</code> would get routed
+    to <code>/INDEX.HTML</code>.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="RewriteRule">RewriteRule</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Syntax: <code>RewriteRule Pattern Substitution</code></p>
+
+      <p>The RewriteRule directive is the real
+      rewriting workhorse. The directive can occur more than once,
+      with each instance defining a single rewrite rule. The
+      order in which these rules are defined is important - this is the order
+      in which they will be applied at run-time.</p>
+
+      <p>Pattern is a perl compatible regular
+      expression, which is applied to the current URL.
+      'Current' means the value of the URL when this rule is
+      applied. This may not be the originally requested URL,
+      which may already have matched a previous rule, and have been
+      altered.</p>
+
+      <p><strong>Security warning:</strong> Due to the way Java's
+      regex matching is done, poorly formed regex patterns are vulnerable
+      to "catastrophic backtracking", also known as "regular expression
+      denial of service" or ReDoS. Therefore, extra caution should be used
+      for RewriteRule patterns. In general it is difficult to automatically
+      detect such vulnerable regex, and so a good defense is to read a bit
+      on the subject of catastrophic backtracking. A good reference is the
+      <a href="https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Regular_expression_Denial_of_Service_-_ReDoS">
+      OWASP ReDoS guide</a>.</p>
+
+      <p>Some hints on the syntax of regular
+      expressions:</p>
+
+
+<pre>
+<strong>Text:</strong>
+  <strong><code>.</code></strong>           Any single character
+  <strong><code>[</code></strong>chars<strong><code>]</code></strong>     Character class: Any character of the class 'chars'
+  <strong><code>[^</code></strong>chars<strong><code>]</code></strong>    Character class: Not a character of the class 'chars'
+  text1<strong><code>|</code></strong>text2 Alternative: text1 or text2
+
+<strong>Quantifiers:</strong>
+  <strong><code>?</code></strong>           0 or 1 occurrences of the preceding text
+  <strong><code>*</code></strong>           0 or N occurrences of the preceding text (N &gt; 0)
+  <strong><code>+</code></strong>           1 or N occurrences of the preceding text (N &gt; 1)
+
+<strong>Grouping:</strong>
+  <strong><code>(</code></strong>text<strong><code>)</code></strong>      Grouping of text
+              (used either to set the borders of an alternative as above, or
+              to make backreferences, where the <strong>N</strong>th group can
+              be referred to on the RHS of a RewriteRule as <code>$</code><strong>N</strong>)
+
+<strong>Anchors:</strong>
+  <strong><code>^</code></strong>           Start-of-line anchor
+  <strong><code>$</code></strong>           End-of-line anchor
+
+<strong>Escaping:</strong>
+  <strong><code>\</code></strong>char       escape the given char
+              (for instance, to specify the chars "<code>.[]()</code>" <em>etc.</em>)
+</pre>
+
+      <p>For more information about regular expressions, have a look at the
+      perl regular expression manpage ("<a href="https://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html">perldoc
+      perlre</a>"). If you are interested in more detailed
+      information about regular expressions and their variants
+      (POSIX regex etc.) the following book is dedicated to this topic:</p>
+
+      <p class="indent">
+        <em>Mastering Regular Expressions, 2nd Edition</em><br>
+         Jeffrey E.F. Friedl<br>
+         O'Reilly &amp; Associates, Inc. 2002<br>
+         ISBN 978-0-596-00289-3<br>
+      </p>
+
+      <p>In the rules, the NOT character
+       ('<code>!</code>') is also available as a possible pattern
+      prefix. This enables you to negate a pattern; to say, for instance:
+      '<em>if the current URL does <strong>NOT</strong> match this
+      pattern</em>'. This can be used for exceptional cases, where
+      it is easier to match the negative pattern, or as a last
+      default rule.</p>
+
+<p>
+Note: When using the NOT character to negate a pattern, you cannot include
+grouped wildcard parts in that pattern. This is because, when the
+pattern does NOT match (i.e., the negation matches), there are no
+contents for the groups. Thus, if negated patterns are used, you
+cannot use <code>$N</code> in the substitution string!
+</p>
+
+      <p>The <em id="rhs">substitution</em> of a
+      rewrite rule is the string which is substituted for (or
+      replaces) the original URL which <em>Pattern</em>
+      matched. In addition to plain text, it can include</p>
+
+      <ol>
+        <li>back-references (<code>$N</code>) to the RewriteRule
+        pattern</li>
+
+        <li>back-references (<code>%N</code>) to the last matched
+        RewriteCond pattern</li>
+
+        <li>server-variables as in rule condition test-strings
+        (<code>%{VARNAME}</code>)</li>
+
+        <li><a href="#RewriteMap">mapping-function</a> calls
+        (<code>${mapname:key|default}</code>)</li>
+      </ol>
+      <p>Back-references are identifiers of the form
+      <code>$</code><strong>N</strong>
+      (<strong>N</strong>=0..9), which will be replaced
+      by the contents of the <strong>N</strong>th group of the
+      matched <em>Pattern</em>. The server-variables are the same
+      as for the <em>TestString</em> of a <code>RewriteCond</code>
+      directive. The mapping-functions come from the
+      <code>RewriteMap</code> directive and are explained there.
+      These three types of variables are expanded in the order above.</p>
+
+      <p>As already mentioned, all rewrite rules are
+      applied to the <em>Substitution</em> (in the order in which
+      they are defined
+      in the config file). The URL is <strong>completely
+      replaced</strong> by the <em>Substitution</em> and the
+      rewriting process continues until all rules have been applied,
+      or it is explicitly terminated by a
+      <code><strong>L</strong></code> flag.</p>
+
+      <p>The special characters <code>$</code> and <code>%</code> can
+      be quoted by prepending them with a backslash character
+      <code>\</code>.</p>
+
+      <p>There is a special substitution string named
+      '<code>-</code>' which means: <strong>NO
+      substitution</strong>! This is useful in providing
+      rewriting rules which <strong>only</strong> match
+      URLs but do not substitute anything for them. It is commonly used
+      in conjunction with the <strong>C</strong> (chain) flag, in order
+      to apply more than one pattern before substitution occurs.</p>
+
+      <p>Unlike newer mod_rewrite versions, the Tomcat rewrite valve does
+      not automatically support absolute URLs (the specific redirect flag
+      must be used to be able to specify an absolute URLs, see below)
+      or direct file serving.</p>
+
+      <p>Additionally you can set special <span id="rewriteflags">flags</span> for <em>Substitution</em> by
+      appending <strong><code>[</code><em>flags</em><code>]</code></strong>
+      as the third argument to the <code>RewriteRule</code>
+      directive. <em>Flags</em> is a comma-separated list of any of the
+      following flags: </p>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>'<strong><code>chain|C</code></strong>'
+        (<strong>c</strong>hained with next rule)<br>
+         This flag chains the current rule with the next rule
+        (which itself can be chained with the following rule,
+        and so on). This has the following effect: if a rule
+        matches, then processing continues as usual -
+        the flag has no effect. If the rule does
+        <strong>not</strong> match, then all following chained
+        rules are skipped. For instance, it can be used to remove the
+        '<code>.www</code>' part, inside a per-directory rule set,
+        when you let an external redirect happen (where the
+        '<code>.www</code>' part should not occur!).</li>
+
+        <li>
+        '<strong><code>cookie|CO=</code></strong><em>NAME</em>:<em>VAL</em>:<em>domain</em>[:<em>lifetime</em>[:<em>path</em>]]'
+        (set <strong>co</strong>okie)<br>
+        This sets a cookie in the client's browser.  The cookie's name
+        is specified by <em>NAME</em> and the value is
+        <em>VAL</em>. The <em>domain</em> field is the domain of the
+        cookie, such as '.apache.org', the optional <em>lifetime</em>
+        is the lifetime of the cookie in minutes, and the optional
+        <em>path</em> is the path of the cookie</li>
+
+        <li>
+        '<strong><code>env|E=</code></strong><em>VAR</em>:<em>VAL</em>'
+        (set <strong>e</strong>nvironment variable)<br>
+        This forces a request attribute named <em>VAR</em> to
+        be set to the value <em>VAL</em>, where <em>VAL</em> can
+        contain regexp backreferences (<code>$N</code> and
+        <code>%N</code>) which will be expanded. You can use this
+        flag more than once, to set more than one variable.</li>
+
+        <li>'<strong><code>forbidden|F</code></strong>' (force URL
+        to be <strong>f</strong>orbidden)<br>
+        This forces the current URL to be forbidden - it immediately
+        sends back an HTTP response of 403 (FORBIDDEN).
+        Use this flag in conjunction with
+        appropriate RewriteConds to conditionally block some
+        URLs.</li>
+
+        <li>'<strong><code>gone|G</code></strong>' (force URL to be
+        <strong>g</strong>one)<br>
+        This forces the current URL to be gone - it
+        immediately sends back an HTTP response of 410 (GONE). Use
+        this flag to mark pages which no longer exist as gone.</li>
+
+        <li>
+        '<strong><code>host|H</code></strong>=<em>Host</em>'
+        (apply rewriting to <strong>h</strong>ost)<br>
+        Rather that rewrite the URL, the virtual host will be
+        rewritten.</li>
+
+        <li>'<strong><code>last|L</code></strong>'
+        (<strong>l</strong>ast rule)<br>
+        Stop the rewriting process here and don't apply any more
+        rewrite rules. This corresponds to the Perl
+        <code>last</code> command or the <code>break</code> command
+        in C. Use this flag to prevent the currently
+        rewritten URL from being rewritten further by following
+        rules. For example, use it to rewrite the root-path URL
+        ('<code>/</code>') to a real one, <em>e.g.</em>,
+        '<code>/e/www/</code>'.</li>
+
+        <li>'<strong><code>next|N</code></strong>'
+        (<strong>n</strong>ext round)<br>
+        Re-run the rewriting process (starting again with the
+        first rewriting rule). This time, the URL to match is no longer
+        the original URL, but rather the URL returned by the last rewriting rule.
+        This corresponds to the Perl <code>next</code> command or
+        the <code>continue</code> command in C. Use
+        this flag to restart the rewriting process -
+        to immediately go to the top of the loop.<br>
+         <strong>Be careful not to create an infinite
+        loop!</strong></li>
+
+        <li>'<strong><code>nocase|NC</code></strong>'
+        (<strong>n</strong>o <strong>c</strong>ase)<br>
+        This makes the <em>Pattern</em> case-insensitive,
+        ignoring difference between 'A-Z' and
+        'a-z' when <em>Pattern</em> is matched against the current
+        URL.</li>
+
+        <li>
+          '<strong><code>noescape|NE</code></strong>'
+          (<strong>n</strong>o URI <strong>e</strong>scaping of
+          output)<br>
+          This flag prevents the rewrite valve from applying the usual URI
+          escaping rules to the result of a rewrite. Ordinarily,
+          special characters (such as '%', '$', ';', and so on)
+          will be escaped into their hexcode equivalents ('%25',
+          '%24', and '%3B', respectively); this flag prevents this
+          from happening. This allows percent symbols to appear in
+          the output, as in
+          <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>RewriteRule /foo/(.*) /bar?arg=P1\%3d$1 [R,NE]</code></pre></div>
+          which would turn '<code>/foo/zed</code>' into a safe
+          request for '<code>/bar?arg=P1=zed</code>'.
+        </li>
+
+
+
+        <li>'<strong><code>qsappend|QSA</code></strong>'
+        (<strong>q</strong>uery <strong>s</strong>tring
+        <strong>a</strong>ppend)<br>
+        This flag forces the rewrite engine to append a query
+        string part of the substitution string to the existing string,
+        instead of replacing it. Use this when you want to add more
+        data to the query string via a rewrite rule.</li>
+
+         <li>'<strong><code>redirect|R</code>
+          [=<em>code</em>]</strong>' (force <span id="redirect">
+          <strong>r</strong>edirect</span>)<br>
+          Prefix <em>Substitution</em> with
+          <code>http://thishost[:thisport]/</code> (which makes the
+          new URL a URI) to force an external redirection. If no
+          <em>code</em> is given, an HTTP response of 302 (FOUND, previously MOVED
+          TEMPORARILY) will be returned. If you want to use other response
+          codes in the range 300-399, simply specify the appropriate number
+          or use one of the following symbolic names:
+          <code>temp</code> (default), <code>permanent</code>,
+          <code>seeother</code>. Use this for rules to
+          canonicalize the URL and return it to the client - to
+          translate '<code>/~</code>' into
+          '<code>/u/</code>', or to always append a slash to
+          <code>/u/</code><em>user</em>, etc.<br>
+          <strong>Note:</strong> When you use this flag, make
+          sure that the substitution field is a valid URL! Otherwise,
+          you will be redirecting to an invalid location. Remember
+          that this flag on its own will only prepend
+          <code>http://thishost[:thisport]/</code> to the URL, and rewriting
+          will continue. Usually, you will want to stop rewriting at this point,
+          and redirect immediately. To stop rewriting, you should add
+          the 'L' flag.
+        </li>
+
+        <li>'<strong><code>skip|S</code></strong>=<em>num</em>'
+        (<strong>s</strong>kip next rule(s))<br>
+        This flag forces the rewriting engine to skip the next
+        <em>num</em> rules in sequence, if the current rule
+        matches. Use this to make pseudo if-then-else constructs:
+        The last rule of the then-clause becomes
+        <code>skip=N</code>, where N is the number of rules in the
+        else-clause. (This is <strong>not</strong> the same as the
+        'chain|C' flag!)</li>
+
+        <li>
+        '<strong><code>type|T</code></strong>=<em>MIME-type</em>'
+        (force MIME <strong>t</strong>ype)<br>
+         Force the MIME-type of the target file to be
+        <em>MIME-type</em>. This can be used to
+        set up the content-type based on some conditions.
+        For example, the following snippet allows <code>.php</code> files to
+        be <em>displayed</em> by <code>mod_php</code> if they are called with
+        the <code>.phps</code> extension:
+        <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>RewriteRule ^(.+\.php)s$ $1 [T=application/x-httpd-php-source]</code></pre></div>
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Security Considerations</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Security Considerations</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Non-Tomcat_settings">Non-Tomcat settings</a><ol><li><a href="#JMX">JMX</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Default_web_applications">Default web applications</a><ol><li><a href="#Default_web_applications/General">General</a></li><li><a href="#ROOT">ROOT</a></li><li><a href="#Documentation">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="#Examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#Default_web_applications/Manager">Manager</a></li><li><a href="#Host_Manager">Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="#Securing_Management_Applications">Securing Management Applications</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Security_manager">Security manager</a></li><li><a href="#server.xml">server.xml</a><ol><li><a href="#server.xml/General">General</a></li><li><a href="#Server">Server</a></li><li><a href="#Listeners">Listeners</a></li><li><a href="#Connectors">Connectors</a></li><li><a href="#Host">Host</a></li><li><a href="#Context">Context</a></li><li><a href="#Valves">Valves</a></li><li><a href="#Realms">Realms</a></li><li><a href="#server.xml/Manager">Manager</a></li><li><a href="#Cluster">Cluster</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#System_Properties">System Properties</a></li><li><a href="#web.xml">web.xml</a></li><li><a href="#General">General</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>Tomcat is configured to be reasonably secure for most use cases by
+    default. Some environments may require more, or less, secure configurations.
+    This page is to provide a single point of reference for configuration
+    options that may impact security and to offer some commentary on the
+    expected impact of changing those options. The intention is to provide a
+    list of configuration options that should be considered when assessing the
+    security of a Tomcat installation.</p>
+
+    <p><strong>Note</strong>: Reading this page is not a substitute for reading
+    and understanding the detailed configuration documentation. Fuller
+    descriptions of these attributes may be found in the relevant documentation
+    pages.</p>
+  </div><h3 id="Non-Tomcat_settings">Non-Tomcat settings</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>Tomcat configuration should not be the only line of defense. The other
+    components in the system (operating system, network, database, etc.) should
+    also be secured.</p>
+    <p>Tomcat should not be run under the root user. Create a dedicated user for
+    the Tomcat process and provide that user with the minimum necessary
+    permissions for the operating system. For example, it should not be possible
+    to log on remotely using the Tomcat user.</p>
+    <p>File permissions should also be suitably restricted. In the
+    <code>.tar.gz</code> distribution, files and directories are not world
+    readable and the group does not have write access. On Unix like operating
+    systems, Tomcat runs with a default umask of <code>0027</code> to maintain
+    these permissions for files created while Tomcat is running (e.g. log files,
+    expanded WARs, etc.).</p>
+    <p>Taking the Tomcat instances at the ASF as an example (where
+    auto-deployment is disabled and web applications are deployed as exploded
+    directories), the standard configuration is to have all Tomcat files owned
+    by root with group Tomcat and whilst owner has read/write privileges, group
+    only has read and world has no permissions. The exceptions are the logs,
+    temp and work directory that are owned by the Tomcat user rather than root.
+    This means that even if an attacker compromises the Tomcat process, they
+    can't change the Tomcat configuration, deploy new web applications or
+    modify existing web applications. The Tomcat process runs with a umask of
+    007 to maintain these permissions.</p>
+    <p>At the network level, consider using a firewall to limit both incoming
+    and outgoing connections to only those connections you  expect to be
+    present.</p>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX">JMX</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The security of the JMX connection is dependent on the implementation
+      provided by the JRE and therefore falls outside the control of Tomcat.</p>
+
+      <p>Typically, access control is very limited (either read-only to
+      everything or read-write to everything). Tomcat exposes a large amount
+      of internal information and control via JMX to aid debugging, monitoring
+      and management. Given the limited access control available, JMX access
+      should be treated as equivalent to local root/admin access and restricted
+      accordingly.</p>
+
+      <p>The JMX access control provided by most (all?) JRE vendors does not
+      log failed authentication attempts, nor does it provide an account
+      lock-out feature after repeated failed authentications. This makes a
+      brute force attack easy to mount and difficult to detect.</p>
+
+      <p>Given all of the above, care should be taken to ensure that, if used,
+      the JMX interface is appropriately secured. Options you may wish to
+      consider to secure the JMX interface include:</p>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li>configuring a strong password for all JMX users;</li>
+        <li>binding the JMX listener only to an internal network;</li>
+        <li>limiting network access to the JMX port to trusted clients; and</li>
+        <li>providing an application specific health page for use by external
+            monitoring systems.</li>
+      </ul>
+    </div></div>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Default_web_applications">Default web applications</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Default_web_applications/General">General</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>Tomcat ships with a number of web applications that are enabled by
+      default. Vulnerabilities have been discovered in these applications in the
+      past. Applications that are not required should be removed so the system
+      will not be at risk if another vulnerability is discovered.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="ROOT">ROOT</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The ROOT web application presents a very low security risk but it does
+      include the version of Tomcat that is being used. The ROOT web application
+      should normally be removed from a publicly accessible Tomcat instance, not
+      for security reasons, but so that a more appropriate default page is shown
+      to users.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Documentation">Documentation</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The documentation web application presents a very low security risk but
+      it does identify the version of Tomcat that is being used. It should
+      normally be removed from a publicly accessible Tomcat instance.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Examples">Examples</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The examples web application should always be removed from any security
+      sensitive installation. While the examples web application does not
+      contain any known vulnerabilities, it is known to contain features
+      (particularly the cookie examples that display the contents of all
+      received and allow new cookies to be set) that may be used by an attacker
+      in conjunction with a vulnerability in another application deployed on the
+      Tomcat instance to obtain additional information that would otherwise be
+      unavailable.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Default_web_applications/Manager">Manager</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The Manager application allows the remote deployment of web
+      applications and is frequently targeted by attackers due to the widespread
+      use of weak passwords and publicly accessible Tomcat instances with the
+      Manager application enabled. The Manager application is not accessible by
+      default as no users are configured with the necessary access. If the
+      Manager application is enabled then guidance in the section
+      <strong>Securing Management Applications</strong> section should be
+      followed.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Host_Manager">Host Manager</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The Host Manager application allows the creation and management of
+      virtual hosts - including the enabling of the Manager application for a
+      virtual host. The Host Manager application is not accessible by default
+      as no users are configured with the necessary access. If the Host Manager
+      application is enabled then guidance in the section <strong>Securing
+      Management Applications</strong> section should be followed.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+   <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Securing_Management_Applications">Securing Management Applications</h4><div class="text">
+     <p>When deploying a web application that provides management functions for
+     the Tomcat instance, the following guidelines should be followed:</p>
+     <ul>
+       <li>Ensure that any users permitted to access the management application
+           have strong passwords.</li>
+       <li>Do not remove the use of the <a href="config/realm.html#LockOut_Realm_-_org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">LockOutRealm</a>
+           which prevents brute force attacks against user passwords.</li>
+       <li>Configure the <a href="config/valve.html#Remote_Address_Valve">RemoteAddrValve</a>
+           in the <a href="config/context.html">context.xml</a> file for the
+           management application which limits access to localhost by default.
+           If remote access is required, limit it to specific IP addresses using
+           this valve.</li>
+     </ul>
+   </div></div>
+  </div><h3 id="Security_manager">Security manager</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>Enabling the security manager causes web applications to be run in a
+    sandbox, significantly limiting a web application's ability to perform
+    malicious actions such as calling System.exit(), establishing network
+    connections or accessing the file system outside of the web application's
+    root and temporary directories. However, it should be noted that there are
+    some malicious actions, such as triggering high CPU consumption via an
+    infinite loop, that the security manager cannot prevent.</p>
+
+    <p>Enabling the security manager is usually done to limit the potential
+    impact, should an attacker find a way to compromise a trusted web
+    application . A security manager may also be used to reduce the risks of
+    running untrusted web applications (e.g. in hosting environments) but it
+    should be noted that the security manager only reduces the risks of
+    running untrusted web applications, it does not eliminate them. If running
+    multiple untrusted web applications, it is recommended that each web
+    application is deployed to a separate Tomcat instance (and ideally separate
+    hosts) to reduce the ability of a malicious web application impacting the
+    availability of other applications.</p>
+
+    <p>Tomcat is tested with the security manager enabled; but the majority of
+    Tomcat users do not run with a security manager, so Tomcat is not as well
+    user-tested in this configuration. There have been, and continue to be,
+    bugs reported that are triggered by running under a security manager.</p>
+
+    <p>The restrictions imposed by a security manager are likely to break most
+    applications if the security manager is enabled. The security manager should
+    not be used without extensive testing. Ideally, the use of a security
+    manager should be introduced at the start of the development cycle as it can
+    be time-consuming to track down and fix issues caused by enabling a security
+    manager for a mature application.</p>
+
+    <p>Enabling the security manager changes the defaults for the following
+    settings:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>The default value for the <strong>deployXML</strong> attribute of the
+      <strong>Host</strong> element is changed to <code>false</code>.</li>
+    </ul>
+  </div><h3 id="server.xml">server.xml</h3><div class="text">
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="server.xml/General">General</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The default server.xml contains a large number of comments, including
+      some example component definitions that are commented out. Removing these
+      comments makes it considerably easier to read and comprehend
+      server.xml.</p>
+      <p>If a component type is not listed, then there are no settings for that
+      type that directly impact security.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Server">Server</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>Setting the <strong>port</strong> attribute to <code>-1</code> disables
+      the shutdown port.</p>
+      <p>If the shutdown port is not disabled, a strong password should be
+      configured for <strong>shutdown</strong>.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Listeners">Listeners</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The APR Lifecycle Listener is not stable if compiled on Solaris using
+      gcc. If using the APR/native connector on Solaris, compile it with the
+      Sun Studio compiler.</p>
+      <p>The JNI Library Loading Listener may be used to load native code. It should
+      only be used to load trusted libraries.</p>
+      <p>The Security Lifecycle Listener should be enabled and configured as appropriate.
+      </p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connectors">Connectors</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>By default, a non-TLS, HTTP/1.1 connector is configured on port 8080.
+      Connectors that will not be used should be removed from server.xml.</p>
+
+      <p>AJP Connectors should only be used on trusted networks or be
+      appropriately secured with a suitable <code>secret</code> attribute.</p>
+
+      <p>AJP Connectors block forwarded requests with unknown request
+      attributes. Known safe and/or expected attributes may be allowed by
+      configuration an appropriate regular expression for the
+      <code>allowedRequestAttributesPattern</code> attribute.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>address</strong> attribute may be used to control which IP
+      address a connector listens on for connections. By default, a connector
+      listens on all configured IP addresses.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>allowTrace</strong> attribute may be used to enable TRACE
+      requests which can be useful for debugging. Due to the way some browsers
+      handle the response from a TRACE request (which exposes the browser to an
+      XSS attack), support for TRACE requests is disabled by default.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>discardFacades</strong> attribute set to <code>true</code>
+      will cause a new facade object to be created for each request. This
+      reduces the chances of a bug in an application exposing data from one
+      request to another.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>encodedSolidusHandling</strong> attribute allows
+      non-standard parsing of the request URI. Setting this attribute to a
+      non-default value when behind a reverse proxy may enable an attacker to
+      bypass any security constraints enforced by the proxy.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>maxPostSize</strong> attribute controls the maximum size
+      of a POST request that will be parsed for parameters. The parameters are
+      cached for the duration of the request so this is limited to 2MB by
+      default to reduce exposure to a DOS attack.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>maxSavePostSize</strong> attribute controls the saving of
+      the request body during FORM and CLIENT-CERT authentication and HTTP/1.1
+      upgrade. For FORM authentication, the request body is cached in the HTTP
+      session for the duration of the authentication so the cached request body
+      is limited to 4KB by default to reduce exposure to a DOS attack. To
+      further reduce exposure to a DoS attack by limiting the permitted duration
+      of the FORM authentication, a reduced session timeout is used if the
+      session is created by the FORM authentication. This reduced timeout is
+      controlled by the <code>authenticationSessionTimeout</code> attribute of
+      the <a href="config/valve.html#Form_Authenticator_Valve">FORM
+      authenticator</a>.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>maxParameterCount</strong> attribute controls the maximum
+      total number of request parameters (including uploaded files) obtained
+      from the query string and, for POST requests, the request body if the
+      content type is <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> or
+      <code>multipart/form-data</code>. Excessive parameters are ignored. If you
+      want to reject such requests, configure a
+      <a href="config/filter.html">FailedRequestFilter</a>.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>xpoweredBy</strong> attribute controls whether or not the
+      X-Powered-By HTTP header is sent with each request. If sent, the value of
+      the header contains the Servlet and JSP specification versions, the full
+      Tomcat version (e.g. Apache Tomcat/9.0), the name of
+      the JVM vendor and
+      the version of the JVM. This header is disabled by default. This header
+      can provide useful information to both legitimate clients and attackers.
+      </p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>server</strong> attribute controls the value of the Server
+      HTTP header. The default value of this header for Tomcat 4.1.x to
+      8.0.x is Apache-Coyote/1.1. From 8.5.x onwards this header is not set by
+      default. This header can provide limited information to both legitimate
+      clients and attackers.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>SSLEnabled</strong>, <strong>scheme</strong> and
+      <strong>secure</strong> attributes may all be independently set. These are
+      normally used when Tomcat is located behind a reverse proxy and the proxy
+      is connecting to Tomcat via HTTP or HTTPS. They allow Tomcat to see the
+      SSL attributes of the connections between the client and the proxy rather
+      than the proxy and Tomcat. For example, the client may connect to the
+      proxy over HTTPS but the proxy connects to Tomcat using HTTP. If it is
+      necessary for Tomcat to be able to distinguish between secure and
+      non-secure connections received by a proxy, the proxy must use separate
+      connectors to pass secure and non-secure requests to Tomcat. If the
+      proxy uses AJP then the SSL attributes of the client connection are
+      passed via the AJP protocol and separate connectors are not needed.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>tomcatAuthentication</strong> and
+      <strong>tomcatAuthorization</strong> attributes are used with the
+      AJP connectors to determine if Tomcat should handle all authentication and
+      authorisation or if authentication should be delegated to the reverse
+      proxy (the authenticated user name is passed to Tomcat as part of the AJP
+      protocol) with the option for Tomcat to still perform authorization.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>requiredSecret</strong> attribute in AJP connectors
+      configures shared secret between Tomcat and reverse proxy in front of
+      Tomcat. It is used to prevent unauthorized connections over AJP protocol.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Host">Host</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The host element controls deployment. Automatic deployment allows for
+      simpler management but also makes it easier for an attacker to deploy a
+      malicious application. Automatic deployment is controlled by the
+      <strong>autoDeploy</strong> and <strong>deployOnStartup</strong>
+      attributes. If both are <code>false</code>, only Contexts defined in
+      server.xml will be deployed and any changes will require a Tomcat restart.
+      </p>
+
+      <p>In a hosted environment where web applications may not be trusted, set
+      the <strong>deployXML</strong> attribute to <code>false</code> to ignore
+      any context.xml packaged with the web application that may try to assign
+      increased privileges to the web application. Note that if the security
+      manager is enabled that the <strong>deployXML</strong> attribute will
+      default to <code>false</code>.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Context">Context</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>This applies to <a href="config/context.html">Context</a>
+      elements in all places where they can be defined:
+      <code>server.xml</code> file,
+      default <code>context.xml</code> file,
+      per-host <code>context.xml.default</code> file,
+      web application context file in per-host configuration directory
+      or inside the web application.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>crossContext</strong> attribute controls if a context is
+      allowed to access the resources of another context. It is
+      <code>false</code> by default and should only be changed for trusted web
+      applications.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>privileged</strong> attribute controls if a context is
+      allowed to use container provided servlets like the Manager servlet. It is
+      <code>false</code> by default and should only be changed for trusted web
+      applications.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>allowLinking</strong> attribute of a nested
+      <a href="config/resources.html">Resources</a> element controls if a context
+      is allowed to use linked files. If enabled and the context is undeployed,
+      the links will be followed when deleting the context resources. Changing
+      this setting from the default of <code>false</code> on case insensitive
+      operating systems (this includes Windows) will disable a number of
+      security measures and allow, among other things, direct access to the
+      WEB-INF directory.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>sessionCookiePathUsesTrailingSlash</strong> can be used to
+      work around a bug in a number of browsers (Internet Explorer, Safari and
+      Edge) to prevent session cookies being exposed across applications when
+      applications share a common path prefix. However, enabling this option
+      can create problems for applications with Servlets mapped to
+      <code>/*</code>. It should also be noted the RFC6265 section 8.5 makes it
+      clear that different paths should not be considered sufficient to isolate
+      cookies from other applications.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Valves">Valves</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>It is strongly recommended that an AccessLogValve is configured. The
+      default Tomcat configuration includes an AccessLogValve. These are
+      normally configured per host but may also be configured per engine or per
+      context as required.</p>
+
+      <p>Any administrative application should be protected by a
+      RemoteAddrValve (this Valve is also available as a Filter).
+      The <strong>allow</strong> attribute should be used to limit access to a
+      set of known trusted hosts.</p>
+
+      <p>The default ErrorReportValve includes the Tomcat version number in the
+      response sent to clients. To avoid this, custom error handling can be
+      configured within each web application. Alternatively, you can explicitly
+      configure an <a href="config/valve.html">ErrorReportValve</a> and set its
+      <strong>showServerInfo</strong> attribute to <code>false</code>.
+      Alternatively, the version number can be changed by creating the file
+      CATALINA_BASE/lib/org/apache/catalina/util/ServerInfo.properties with
+      content as follows:</p>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.x</code></pre></div>
+      <p>Modify the values as required. Note that this will also change the version
+      number reported in some of the management tools and may make it harder to
+      determine the real version installed. The CATALINA_HOME/bin/version.bat|sh
+      script will still report the correct version number.</p>
+
+      <p>The default ErrorReportValve can display stack traces and/or JSP
+      source code to clients when an error occurs. To avoid this, custom error
+      handling can be configured within each web application. Alternatively, you
+      can explicitly configure an <a href="config/valve.html">ErrorReportValve</a>
+      and set its <strong>showReport</strong> attribute to <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+      <p>The RewriteValve uses regular expressions and poorly formed regex
+      patterns may be vulnerable to "catastrophic backtracking" or "ReDoS". See
+      <a href="rewrite.html">Rewrite docs</a> for more details.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Realms">Realms</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The MemoryRealm is not intended for production use as any changes to
+      tomcat-users.xml require a restart of Tomcat to take effect.</p>
+
+      <p>The JDBCRealm is not recommended for production use as it is single
+      threaded for all authentication and authorization options. Use the
+      DataSourceRealm instead.</p>
+
+      <p>The UserDatabaseRealm is not intended for large-scale installations. It
+      is intended for small-scale, relatively static environments.</p>
+
+      <p>The JAASRealm is not widely used and therefore the code is not as
+      mature as the other realms. Additional testing is recommended before using
+      this realm.</p>
+
+      <p>By default, the realms do not implement any form of account lock-out.
+      This means that brute force attacks can be successful. To prevent a brute
+      force attack, the chosen realm should be wrapped in a LockOutRealm.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="server.xml/Manager">Manager</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The manager component is used to generate session IDs.</p>
+
+      <p>The class used to generate random session IDs may be changed with
+      the <strong>randomClass</strong> attribute.</p>
+
+      <p>The length of the session ID may be changed with the
+      <strong>sessionIdLength</strong> attribute.</p>
+
+      <p>The <strong>persistAuthentication</strong> controls whether the
+      authenticated Principal associated with the session (if any) is included
+      when the session is persisted during a restart or to a Store.</p>
+
+      <p>When using the <strong>JDBCStore</strong>, the session store should be
+      secured (dedicated credentials, appropriate permissions) such that only
+      the <strong>JDBCStore</strong> is able to access the persisted session
+      data. In particular, the <strong>JDBCStore</strong> should not be
+      accessible via any credentials available to a web application.</p>
+    </div></div>
+
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Cluster">Cluster</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>The cluster implementation is written on the basis that a secure,
+      trusted network is used for all of the cluster related network traffic. It
+      is not safe to run a cluster on a insecure, untrusted network.</p>
+
+      <p>If you require confidentiality and/or integrity protection then you can
+      use the
+      <a href="config/cluster-interceptor.html#org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.EncryptInterceptor_Attributes">EncryptInterceptor</a>
+      to encrypt traffic between nodes. This interceptor does not protect
+      against all the risks of running on an untrusted network, particularly
+      DoS attacks.</p>
+    </div></div>
+  </div><h3 id="System_Properties">System Properties</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>The <strong>
+    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.ALLOW_BACKSLASH</strong> and
+    <strong>org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.UDecoder.ALLOW_ENCODED_SLASH</strong>
+    system properties allow non-standard parsing of the request URI. Using
+    these options when behind a reverse proxy may enable an attacker to bypass
+    any security constraints enforced by the proxy.</p>
+
+    <p>The <strong>
+    org.apache.catalina.connector.Response.ENFORCE_ENCODING_IN_GET_WRITER
+    </strong> system property has security implications if disabled. Many user
+    agents, in breach of RFC2616, try to guess the character encoding of text
+    media types when the specification-mandated default of ISO-8859-1 should be
+    used. Some browsers will interpret as UTF-7 a response containing characters
+    that are safe for ISO-8859-1 but trigger an XSS vulnerability if interpreted
+    as UTF-7.</p>
+  </div><h3 id="web.xml">web.xml</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>This applies to the default <code>conf/web.xml</code> file, the
+    <code>/WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</code> and the <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>
+    files in web applications if they define the components mentioned here.</p>
+
+    <p>The <a href="default-servlet.html">DefaultServlet</a> is configured
+    with <strong>readonly</strong> set to
+    <code>true</code>. Changing this to <code>false</code> allows clients to
+    delete or modify static resources on the server and to upload new
+    resources. This should not normally be changed without requiring
+    authentication.</p>
+
+    <p>The DefaultServlet is configured with <strong>listings</strong> set to
+    <code>false</code>. This isn't because allowing directory listings is
+    considered unsafe but because generating listings of directories with
+    thousands of files can consume significant CPU leading to a DOS attack.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>The DefaultServlet is configured with <strong>showServerInfo</strong>
+    set to <code>true</code>. When the directory listings is enabled the Tomcat
+    version number is included in the response sent to clients. To avoid this,
+    you can explicitly configure a DefaultServlet and set its
+    <strong>showServerInfo</strong> attribute to false.
+    Alternatively, the version number can be changed by creating the file
+    CATALINA_BASE/lib/org/apache/catalina/util/ServerInfo.properties with
+    content as follows:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.x</code></pre></div>
+    <p>Modify the values as required. Note that this will also change the version
+    number reported in some of the management tools and may make it harder to
+    determine the real version installed. The CATALINA_HOME/bin/version.bat|sh
+    script will still report the correct version number.
+    </p>
+
+    <p>The CGI Servlet is disabled by default. If enabled, the debug
+    initialisation parameter should not be set to <code>10</code> or higher on a
+    production system because the debug page is not secure.</p>
+
+    <p>When using the CGI Servlet on Windows with
+    <code>enableCmdLineArguments</code> enabled, review the setting of
+    <code>cmdLineArgumentsDecoded</code> carefully and ensure that it is
+    appropriate for your environment. The default value is secure. Insecure
+    configurations may expose the server to remote code execution. Further
+    information on the potential risks and mitigations may be found by
+    following the links in the <a href="cgi-howto.html">CGI How To</a>.</p>
+
+    <p><a href="config/filter.html">FailedRequestFilter</a>
+    can be configured and used to reject requests that had errors during
+    request parameter parsing. Without the filter the default behaviour is
+    to ignore invalid or excessive parameters.</p>
+
+    <p><a href="config/filter.html">HttpHeaderSecurityFilter</a> can be
+    used to add headers to responses to improve security. If clients access
+    Tomcat directly, then you probably want to enable this filter and all the
+    headers it sets unless your application is already setting them. If Tomcat
+    is accessed via a reverse proxy, then the configuration of this filter needs
+    to be co-ordinated with any headers that the reverse proxy sets.</p>
+  </div><h3 id="General">General</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>BASIC and FORM authentication pass user names and passwords in clear
+    text. Web applications using these authentication mechanisms with clients
+    connecting over untrusted networks should use SSL.</p>
+
+    <p>The session cookie for a session with an authenticated user is nearly as
+    useful as the user's password to an attacker and should be afforded the same
+    level of protection as the password itself. This usually means
+    authenticating over SSL and continuing to use SSL until the session
+    ends.</p>
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Security Manager How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Glenn Nielsen"><meta name="author" content="Jean-Francois Arcand"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Security Manager How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Background">Background</a></li><li><a href="#Known_Issues">Known Issues</a></li><li><a href="#Permissions">Permissions</a><ol><li><a href="#Standard_Permissions">Standard Permissions</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Tomcat_With_A_SecurityManager">Configuring Tomcat With A SecurityManager</a><ol><li><a href="#Permissions_for_packed_WAR_files">Permissions for packed WAR files</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Package_Protection_in_Tomcat">Configuring Package Protection in Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>The Java <strong>SecurityManager</strong> is what allows a web browser
+  to run an applet in its own sandbox to prevent untrusted code from
+  accessing files on the local file system, connecting to a host other
+  than the one the applet was loaded from, and so on.  In the same way
+  the SecurityManager protects you from an untrusted applet running in
+  your browser, use of a SecurityManager while running Tomcat can protect
+  your server from trojan servlets, JSPs, JSP beans, and tag libraries.
+  Or even inadvertent mistakes.</p>
+
+  <p>Imagine if someone who is authorized to publish JSPs on your site
+  inadvertently included the following in their JSP:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;% System.exit(1); %&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>Every time this JSP was executed by Tomcat, Tomcat would exit.
+  Using the Java SecurityManager is just one more line of defense a
+  system administrator can use to keep the server secure and reliable.</p>
+
+  <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - A security audit
+  have been conducted using the Tomcat codebase. Most of the critical
+  package have been protected and a new security package protection mechanism
+  has been implemented. Still, make sure that you are satisfied with your SecurityManager
+  configuration before allowing untrusted users to publish web applications,
+  JSPs, servlets, beans, or tag libraries.  <strong>However, running with a
+  SecurityManager is definitely better than running without one.</strong></p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Known_Issues">Known Issues</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>As of Java 17, the SecurityManager has been deprecated with the expectation
+  that it will be removed in a future Java version. Users currently using a
+  SecurityManager are recommended to start planning for its removal.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Permissions">Permissions</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>Permission classes are used to define what Permissions a class loaded
+  by Tomcat will have.  There are a number of Permission classes that are
+  a standard part of the JDK, and you can create your own Permission class
+  for use in your own web applications.  Both techniques are used in
+  Tomcat.</p>
+
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Standard_Permissions">Standard Permissions</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>This is just a short summary of the standard system SecurityManager
+    Permission classes applicable to Tomcat.  See
+    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/">
+    http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/</a>
+    for more information.</p>
+
+    <ul>
+    <li><strong>java.util.PropertyPermission</strong> - Controls read/write
+        access to JVM properties such as <code>java.home</code>.</li>
+    <li><strong>java.lang.RuntimePermission</strong> - Controls use of
+        some System/Runtime functions like <code>exit()</code> and
+        <code>exec()</code>. Also control the package access/definition.</li>
+    <li><strong>java.io.FilePermission</strong> - Controls read/write/execute
+        access to files and directories.</li>
+    <li><strong>java.net.SocketPermission</strong> - Controls use of
+        network sockets.</li>
+    <li><strong>java.net.NetPermission</strong> - Controls use of
+        multicast network connections.</li>
+    <li><strong>java.lang.reflect.ReflectPermission</strong> - Controls
+        use of reflection to do class introspection.</li>
+    <li><strong>java.security.SecurityPermission</strong> - Controls access
+        to Security methods.</li>
+    <li><strong>java.security.AllPermission</strong> - Allows access to all
+        permissions, just as if you were running Tomcat without a
+        SecurityManager.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Configuring_Tomcat_With_A_SecurityManager">Configuring Tomcat With A SecurityManager</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <h3>Policy File Format</h3>
+
+  <p>The security policies implemented by the Java SecurityManager are
+  configured in the <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy</code> file.
+  This file completely replaces the <code>java.policy</code> file present
+  in your JDK system directories.  The <code>catalina.policy</code> file
+  can be edited by hand, or you can use the
+  <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/security/PolicyGuide.html">policytool</a>
+  application that comes with Java 1.2 or later.</p>
+
+  <p>Entries in the <code>catalina.policy</code> file use the standard
+  <code>java.policy</code> file format, as follows:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>// Example policy file entry
+
+grant [signedBy &lt;signer&gt;,] [codeBase &lt;code source&gt;] {
+  permission  &lt;class&gt;  [&lt;name&gt; [, &lt;action list&gt;]];
+};</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>The <strong>signedBy</strong> and <strong>codeBase</strong> entries are
+  optional when granting permissions.  Comment lines begin with "//" and
+  end at the end of the current line.  The <code>codeBase</code> is in the
+  form of a URL, and for a file URL can use the <code>${java.home}</code>
+  and <code>${catalina.home}</code> properties (which are expanded out to
+  the directory paths defined for them by the <code>JAVA_HOME</code>,
+  <code>CATALINA_HOME</code> and <code>CATALINA_BASE</code> environment
+  variables).</p>
+
+  <h3>The Default Policy File</h3>
+
+  <p>The default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.policy</code> file
+  looks like this:</p>
+
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+// contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+// this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+// The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+// the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// ============================================================================
+// catalina.policy - Security Policy Permissions for Tomcat
+//
+// This file contains a default set of security policies to be enforced (by the
+// JVM) when Catalina is executed with the "-security" option.  In addition
+// to the permissions granted here, the following additional permissions are
+// granted to each web application:
+//
+// * Read access to the web application's document root directory
+// * Read, write and delete access to the web application's working directory
+// ============================================================================
+
+
+// ========== SYSTEM CODE PERMISSIONS =========================================
+
+
+// These permissions apply to javac
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/jre/lib/ext/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to javac when ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/../lib/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions when
+// ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
+grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/ext/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// This permission is required when using javac to compile JSPs on Java 9
+// onwards
+//grant codeBase "jrt:/jdk.compiler" {
+//        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+//};
+
+
+// ========== CATALINA CODE PERMISSIONS =======================================
+
+// These permissions apply to the daemon code
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/commons-daemon.jar" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the logging API
+// Note: If tomcat-juli.jar is in ${catalina.base} and not in ${catalina.home},
+// update this section accordingly.
+//  grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {..}
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {
+        permission java.io.FilePermission
+         "${java.home}${file.separator}lib${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+
+        permission java.io.FilePermission
+         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}conf${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+        permission java.io.FilePermission
+         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs", "read, write";
+        permission java.io.FilePermission
+         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs${file.separator}*", "read, write, delete";
+
+        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "shutdownHooks";
+        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getClassLoader";
+        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "setContextClassLoader";
+
+        permission java.lang.management.ManagementPermission "monitor";
+
+        permission java.util.logging.LoggingPermission "control";
+
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.class", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.file", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.juli.AsyncMaxRecordCount", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.juli.AsyncOverflowDropType", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.debug", "read";
+        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "catalina.base", "read";
+
+        // Note: To enable per context logging configuration, permit read access to
+        // the appropriate file. Be sure that the logging configuration is
+        // secure before enabling such access.
+        // E.g. for the examples web application (uncomment and unwrap
+        // the following to be on a single line):
+        // permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator}
+        //  webapps${file.separator}examples${file.separator}WEB-INF
+        //  ${file.separator}classes${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the server startup code
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/bootstrap.jar" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+// These permissions apply to the servlet API classes
+// and those that are shared across all class loaders
+// located in the "lib" directory
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/lib/-" {
+        permission java.security.AllPermission;
+};
+
+
+// If using a per instance lib directory, i.e. ${catalina.base}/lib,
+// then the following permission will need to be uncommented
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/lib/-" {
+//         permission java.security.AllPermission;
+// };
+
+
+// ========== WEB APPLICATION PERMISSIONS =====================================
+
+
+// These permissions are granted by default to all web applications
+// In addition, a web application will be given a read FilePermission
+// for all files and directories in its document root.
+grant {
+    // Required for JNDI lookup of named JDBC DataSource's and
+    // javamail named MimePart DataSource used to send mail
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.home", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.naming.*", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "javax.sql.*", "read";
+
+    // OS Specific properties to allow read access
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.name", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.arch", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "path.separator", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read";
+
+    // JVM properties to allow read access
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor.url", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.class.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.vendor", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.name", "read";
+
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.vendor", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.name", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.version", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.vendor", "read";
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.name", "read";
+
+    // Required for OpenJMX
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getAttribute";
+
+    // Allow read of JAXP compliant XML parser debug
+    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "jaxp.debug", "read";
+
+    // All JSPs need to be able to read this package
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat";
+
+    // Precompiled JSPs need access to these packages.
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.el";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission
+     "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime.*";
+
+    // Applications using WebSocket need to be able to access these packages
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat.websocket";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server";
+};
+
+
+// The Manager application needs access to the following packages to support the
+// session display functionality. It also requires the custom Tomcat
+// DeployXmlPermission to enable the use of META-INF/context.xml
+// These settings support the following configurations:
+// - default CATALINA_HOME == CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, per instance Manager in CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, shared Manager in CATALINA_HOME
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/manager/-" {
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.ha.session";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.util";
+    permission org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission "manager";
+};
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/webapps/manager/-" {
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.ha.session";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
+    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.util";
+    permission org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission "manager";
+};
+
+// The Host Manager application needs the custom Tomcat DeployXmlPermission to
+// enable the use of META-INF/context.xml
+// These settings support the following configurations:
+// - default CATALINA_HOME == CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, per instance Host Manager in CATALINA_BASE
+// - CATALINA_HOME != CATALINA_BASE, shared Host Manager in CATALINA_HOME
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/host-manager/-" {
+    permission org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission "host-manager";
+};
+grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/webapps/host-manager/-" {
+    permission org.apache.catalina.security.DeployXmlPermission "host-manager";
+};
+
+
+// You can assign additional permissions to particular web applications by
+// adding additional "grant" entries here, based on the code base for that
+// application, /WEB-INF/classes/, or /WEB-INF/lib/ jar files.
+//
+// Different permissions can be granted to JSP pages, classes loaded from
+// the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory, all jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/
+// directory, or even to individual jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/ directory.
+//
+// For instance, assume that the standard "examples" application
+// included a JDBC driver that needed to establish a network connection to the
+// corresponding database and used the scrape taglib to get the weather from
+// the NOAA web server.  You might create a "grant" entries like this:
+//
+// The permissions granted to the context root directory apply to JSP pages.
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/-" {
+//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
+//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
+// };
+//
+// The permissions granted to the context WEB-INF/classes directory
+// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/-" {
+// };
+//
+// The permission granted to your JDBC driver
+// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar!/-" {
+//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
+// };
+// The permission granted to the scrape taglib
+// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/scrape.jar!/-" {
+//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
+// };
+
+// To grant permissions for web applications using packed WAR files, use the
+// Tomcat specific WAR url scheme.
+//
+// The permissions granted to the entire web application
+// grant codeBase "war:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples.war*/-" {
+// };
+//
+// The permissions granted to a specific JAR
+// grant codeBase "war:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples.war*/WEB-INF/lib/foo.jar" {
+// };</code></pre></div>
+
+  <h3>Starting Tomcat With A SecurityManager</h3>
+
+  <p>Once you have configured the <code>catalina.policy</code> file for use
+  with a SecurityManager, Tomcat can be started with a SecurityManager in
+  place by using the "-security" option:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start -security    (Unix)
+%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina start -security      (Windows)</code></pre></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Permissions_for_packed_WAR_files">Permissions for packed WAR files</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>When using packed WAR files, it is necessary to use Tomcat's custom war
+    URL protocol to assign permissions to web application code.</p>
+
+    <p>To assign permissions to the entire web application the entry in the
+    policy file would look like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>// Example policy file entry
+grant codeBase "war:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples.war*/-" {
+    ...
+};
+</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>To assign permissions to a single JAR within the web application the
+    entry in the policy file would look like this:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>// Example policy file entry
+grant codeBase "war:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples.war*/WEB-INF/lib/foo.jar" {
+    ...
+};
+</code></pre></div>
+
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Configuring_Package_Protection_in_Tomcat">Configuring Package Protection in Tomcat</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>Starting with Tomcat 5, it is now possible to configure which Tomcat
+  internal package are protected against package definition and access. See
+  <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/seccodeguide-139067.html">
+    http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/seccodeguide-139067.html</a>
+    for more information.</p>
+
+
+  <p><strong>WARNING</strong>: Be aware that removing the default package protection
+  could possibly open a security hole</p>
+
+  <h3>The Default Properties File</h3>
+
+  <p>The default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/catalina.properties</code> file
+  looks like this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>#
+# List of comma-separated packages that start with or equal this string
+# will cause a security exception to be thrown when
+# passed to checkPackageAccess unless the
+# corresponding RuntimePermission ("accessClassInPackage."+package) has
+# been granted.
+package.access=sun.,org.apache.catalina.,org.apache.coyote.,org.apache.tomcat.,
+org.apache.jasper.
+#
+# List of comma-separated packages that start with or equal this string
+# will cause a security exception to be thrown when
+# passed to checkPackageDefinition unless the
+# corresponding RuntimePermission ("defineClassInPackage."+package) has
+# been granted.
+#
+# by default, no packages are restricted for definition, and none of
+# the class loaders supplied with the JDK call checkPackageDefinition.
+#
+package.definition=sun.,java.,org.apache.catalina.,org.apache.coyote.,
+org.apache.tomcat.,org.apache.jasper.</code></pre></div>
+  <p>Once you have configured the <code>catalina.properties</code> file for use
+  with a SecurityManager, remember to re-start Tomcat.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>If your web application attempts to execute an operation that is
+  prohibited by lack of a required Permission, it will throw an
+  <code>AccessControLException</code> or a <code>SecurityException</code>
+  when the SecurityManager detects the violation.  Debugging the permission
+  that is missing can be challenging, and one option is to turn on debug
+  output of all security decisions that are made during execution.  This
+  is done by setting a system property before starting Tomcat.  The easiest
+  way to do this is via the <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> environment variable.
+  Execute this command:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>export CATALINA_OPTS=-Djava.security.debug=all    (Unix)
+set CATALINA_OPTS=-Djava.security.debug=all       (Windows)</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>before starting Tomcat.</p>
+
+  <p><strong>WARNING</strong> - This will generate <em>many megabytes</em>
+  of output!  However, it can help you track down problems by searching
+  for the word "FAILED" and determining which permission was being checked
+  for.  See the Java security documentation for more options that you can
+  specify here as well.</p>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/servletapi/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/servletapi/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a8608d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/servletapi/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>API docs</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+The Servlet Javadoc is not installed by default. Download and install
+the "fulldocs" package to get it.
+
+You can also access the javadoc online in the Tomcat
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/">
+documentation bundle</a>.
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/setup.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/setup.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b75de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/setup.html
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Tomcat Setup</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Tomcat Setup</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Windows">Windows</a></li><li><a href="#Unix_daemon">Unix daemon</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      There are several ways to set up Tomcat for running on different
+      platforms. The main documentation for this is a file called
+      <a href="RUNNING.txt">RUNNING.txt</a>. We encourage you to refer to that
+      file if the information below does not answer some of your questions.
+    </p>
+  </div><h3 id="Windows">Windows</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p>
+      Installing Tomcat on Windows can be done easily using the Windows
+      installer. Its interface and functionality is similar to other wizard
+      based installers, with only a few items of interest.
+    </p>
+
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><strong>Installation as a service</strong>: Tomcat will be
+            installed as a Windows service no matter what setting is selected.
+            Using the checkbox on the component page sets the service as "auto"
+            startup, so that Tomcat is automatically started when Windows
+            starts. For optimal security, the service should be run as a
+            separate user, with reduced permissions (see the Windows Services
+            administration tool and its documentation).</li>
+        <li><strong>Java location</strong>: The installer will provide a default
+            JRE to use to run the service. The installer uses the registry to
+            determine the base path of a Java 8 or later JRE,
+            including the JRE installed as part of the full JDK. When running on
+            a 64-bit operating system, the installer will first look for a
+            64-bit JRE and only look for a 32-bit JRE if a 64-bit JRE is not
+            found. If a JRE cannot be found when running on a 64-bit operating
+            system, the installer will look for a 64-bit JDK. Finally, if a JRE
+            or JDK has not been found, the installer will try to use the
+            <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment variable. It is not mandatory to
+            use the default JRE detected by the installer. Any installed Java
+            8 or later JRE (32-bit or 64-bit) may be
+            used.</li>
+        <li><strong>Tray icon</strong>: When Tomcat is run as a service, there
+            will not be any tray icon present when Tomcat is running. Note that
+            when choosing to run Tomcat at the end of installation, the tray
+            icon will be used even if Tomcat was installed as a service.</li>
+        <li><strong>Defaults</strong>: The defaults used by the installer may be
+            overridden by use of the <code>/C=&lt;config file&gt;</code> command
+            line argument. The configuration file uses the format
+            <code>name=value</code> with each pair on a separate line. The names
+            of the available configuration options are:
+            <ul>
+            <li>JavaHome</li>
+            <li>TomcatPortShutdown</li>
+            <li>TomcatPortHttp</li>
+            <li>TomcatMenuEntriesEnable</li>
+            <li>TomcatShortcutAllUsers</li>
+            <li>TomcatServiceDefaultName</li>
+            <li>TomcatServiceName</li>
+            <li>TomcatServiceFileName</li>
+            <li>TomcatServiceManagerFileName</li>
+            <li>TomcatAdminEnable</li>
+            <li>TomcatAdminUsername</li>
+            <li>TomcatAdminPassword</li>
+            <li>TomcatAdminRoles</li>
+            </ul>
+            By using <code>/C=...</code> along with <code>/S</code> and
+            <code>/D=</code> it is possible to perform fully configured
+            unattended installs of Apache Tomcat.
+        </li>
+        <li>Refer to the
+            <a href="windows-service-howto.html">Windows Service How-To</a>
+            for information on how to manage Tomcat as a Windows service.
+            </li>
+      </ul>
+
+
+    <p>The installer will create shortcuts allowing starting and configuring
+       Tomcat. It is important to note that the Tomcat administration web
+       application can only be used when Tomcat is running.</p>
+
+  </div><h3 id="Unix_daemon">Unix daemon</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Tomcat can be run as a daemon using the jsvc tool from the
+       commons-daemon project. Source tarballs for jsvc are included with the
+       Tomcat binaries, and need to be compiled. Building jsvc requires
+       a C ANSI compiler (such as GCC), GNU Autoconf, and a JDK.</p>
+
+    <p>Before running the script, the <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment
+       variable should be set to the base path of the JDK. Alternately, when
+       calling the <code>./configure</code> script, the path of the JDK may
+       be specified using the <code>--with-java</code> parameter, such as
+       <code>./configure --with-java=/usr/java</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>Using the following commands should result in a compiled jsvc binary,
+       located in the <code>$CATALINA_HOME/bin</code> folder. This assumes
+       that GNU TAR is used, and that <code>CATALINA_HOME</code> is an
+       environment variable pointing to the base path of the Tomcat
+       installation.</p>
+
+    <p>Please note that you should use the GNU make (gmake) instead of
+       the native BSD make on FreeBSD systems.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd $CATALINA_HOME/bin
+tar xvfz commons-daemon-native.tar.gz
+cd commons-daemon-1.1.x-native-src/unix
+./configure
+make
+cp jsvc ../..
+cd ../..</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>Tomcat can then be run as a daemon using the following commands.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME
+cd $CATALINA_HOME
+./bin/jsvc \
+    -classpath $CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar \
+    -outfile $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out \
+    -errfile $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.err \
+    -Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \
+    -Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE \
+    -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager \
+    -Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties \
+    org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>When running on Java 9 you will need to additionally specify the
+    following when starting jsvc.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>...
+--add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED \
+--add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED \
+--add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED \
+--add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED \
+--add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED \
+...
+</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>You may also need to specify <code>-jvm server</code> if the JVM defaults
+       to using a server VM rather than a client VM. This has been observed on
+       OSX.</p>
+
+    <p>jsvc has other useful parameters, such as <code>-user</code> which
+       causes it to switch to another user after the daemon initialization is
+       complete. This allows, for example, running Tomcat as a non privileged
+       user while still being able to use privileged ports. Note that if you
+       use this option and start Tomcat as root, you'll need to disable the
+       <code>org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener</code> check that
+       prevents Tomcat starting when running as root.</p>
+
+    <p><code>jsvc --help</code> will return the full jsvc usage
+       information. In particular, the <code>-debug</code> option is useful
+       to debug issues running jsvc.</p>
+
+    <p>The file <code>$CATALINA_HOME/bin/daemon.sh</code> can be used as a
+       template for starting Tomcat automatically at boot time from
+       <code>/etc/init.d</code> with jsvc.</p>
+
+    <p>Note that the Commons-Daemon JAR file must be on your runtime classpath
+       to run Tomcat in this manner.  The Commons-Daemon JAR file is in the
+       Class-Path entry of the bootstrap.jar manifest, but if you get a
+       ClassNotFoundException or a NoClassDefFoundError for a Commons-Daemon
+       class, add the Commons-Daemon JAR to the -cp argument when launching
+       jsvc.</p>
+
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - SSI How To</title><meta name="author" content="Glenn L. Nielsen"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>SSI How To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#Servlet_Configuration">Servlet Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Filter_Configuration">Filter Configuration</a></li><li><a href="#Directives">Directives</a></li><li><a href="#Variables">Variables</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>SSI (Server Side Includes) are directives that are placed in HTML pages,
+and evaluated on the server while the pages are being served. They let you
+add dynamically generated content to an existing HTML page, without having
+to serve the entire page via a CGI program, or other dynamic technology.
+</p>
+
+<p>Within Tomcat SSI support can be added when using Tomcat as your
+HTTP server and you require SSI support.  Typically this is done
+during development when you don't want to run a web server like Apache.</p>
+
+<p>Tomcat SSI support implements the same SSI directives as Apache.  See the
+<a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/howto/ssi.html#basicssidirectives">
+Apache Introduction to SSI</a> for information on using SSI directives.</p>
+
+<p>SSI support is available as a servlet and as a filter. You should use one
+or the other to provide SSI support but not both.</p>
+
+<p>Servlet based SSI support is implemented using the class
+<code>org.apache.catalina.ssi.SSIServlet</code>.  Traditionally, this servlet
+is mapped to the URL pattern "*.shtml".</p>
+
+<p>Filter based SSI support is implemented using the class
+<code>org.apache.catalina.ssi.SSIFilter</code>.  Traditionally, this filter
+is mapped to the URL pattern "*.shtml", though it can be mapped to "*" as
+it will selectively enable/disable SSI processing based on mime types.  The
+contentType init param allows you to apply SSI processing to JSP pages,
+JavaScript, or any other content you wish.</p>
+<p>By default SSI support is disabled in Tomcat.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Installation">Installation</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p><strong>CAUTION</strong> - SSI directives can be used to execute programs
+external to the Tomcat JVM. If you are using the Java SecurityManager this
+will bypass your security policy configuration in <code>catalina.policy.</code>
+</p>
+
+<p>To use the SSI servlet, remove the XML comments from around the SSI servlet
+and servlet-mapping configuration in
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code>.</p>
+
+<p>To use the SSI filter, remove the XML comments from around the SSI filter
+and filter-mapping configuration in
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml</code>.</p>
+
+<p>Only Contexts which are marked as privileged may use SSI features (see the
+privileged property of the Context element).</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Servlet_Configuration">Servlet Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>There are several servlet init parameters which can be used to
+configure the behaviour of the SSI servlet.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>buffered</strong> - Should output from this servlet be buffered?
+(0=false, 1=true) Default 0 (false).</li>
+<li><strong>debug</strong> - Debugging detail level for messages logged
+by this servlet. Default 0.</li>
+<li><strong>expires</strong> - The number of seconds before a page with SSI
+directives will expire. Default behaviour is for all SSI directives to be
+evaluated for every request.</li>
+<li><strong>isVirtualWebappRelative</strong> - Should "virtual" SSI directive
+paths be interpreted as relative to the context root, instead of the server
+root? Default false.</li>
+<li><strong>inputEncoding</strong> - The encoding to be assumed for SSI
+resources if one cannot be determined from the resource itself. Default is
+the default platform encoding.</li>
+<li><strong>outputEncoding</strong> - The encoding to be used for the result
+of the SSI processing. Default is UTF-8.</li>
+<li><strong>allowExec</strong> - Is the exec command enabled? Default is
+false.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Filter_Configuration">Filter Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>There are several filter init parameters which can be used to
+configure the behaviour of the SSI filter.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>contentType</strong> - A regex pattern that must be matched before
+SSI processing is applied. When crafting your own pattern, don't forget that a
+mime content type may be followed by an optional character set in the form
+"mime/type; charset=set" that you must take into account.  Default is
+"text/x-server-parsed-html(;.*)?".</li>
+<li><strong>debug</strong> - Debugging detail level for messages logged
+by this servlet. Default 0.</li>
+<li><strong>expires</strong> - The number of seconds before a page with SSI
+directives will expire. Default behaviour is for all SSI directives to be
+evaluated for every request.</li>
+<li><strong>isVirtualWebappRelative</strong> - Should "virtual" SSI directive
+paths be interpreted as relative to the context root, instead of the server
+root? Default false.</li>
+<li><strong>allowExec</strong> - Is the exec command enabled? Default is
+false.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Directives">Directives</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Server Side Includes are invoked by embedding SSI directives in an HTML document
+ whose type will be processed by the SSI servlet. The directives take the form of an HTML
+ comment. The directive is replaced by the results of interpreting it before sending the
+ page to the client. The general form of a directive is: </p>
+<p> <code>&lt;!--#directive [param=value] --&gt;</code></p>
+<p>The directives are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>
+<strong>config</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#config errmsg="Error occurred" sizefmt="abbrev"
+timefmt="%B %Y" --&gt;</code>
+Used to set SSI error message, the format of dates and file sizes processed by SSI.<br>
+All are optional but at least one must be used. The available options are as follows:
+<br>
+<strong>errmsg</strong> - error message used for SSI errors<br>
+<strong>sizefmt</strong> - format used for sizes in the <strong>fsize</strong> directive<br>
+<strong>timefmt</strong> - format used for timestamps in the <strong>flastmod</strong> directive<br>
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>echo</strong> -   <code>&lt;!--#echo var="VARIABLE_NAME" encoding="entity" --&gt;</code>
+will be replaced by the value of the variable.
+<br>
+The optional <strong>encoding</strong> parameter specifies the type of encoding to use.
+Valid values are <strong>entity</strong> (default), <strong>url</strong> or <strong>none</strong>.
+NOTE: Using an encoding other than <strong>entity</strong> can lead to security issues.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>exec</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#exec cmd="file-name" --&gt;</code>
+Used to run commands on the host system.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>exec</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#exec cgi="file-name" --&gt;</code>
+This acts the same as the <strong>include virtual</strong> directive, and doesn't actually execute any commands.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>include</strong> -  <code>&lt;!--#include file="file-name" --&gt;</code>
+inserts the contents. The path is interpreted relative to the document where this directive
+is being used, and IS NOT a "virtual" path relative to either the context root or the server root.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>include</strong> -  <code>&lt;!--#include virtual="file-name" --&gt;</code>
+inserts the contents. The path is interpreted as a "virtual" path which is
+relative to either the context root or the server root (depending on the <strong>isVirtualWebappRelative</strong>
+parameter).
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>flastmod</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#flastmod file="filename.shtml" --&gt;</code>
+Returns the time that a file was last modified. The path is interpreted relative to the document where this directive
+is being used, and IS NOT a "virtual" path relative to either the context root or the server root.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>flastmod</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#flastmod virtual="filename.shtml" --&gt;</code>
+Returns the time that a file was last modified. The path is interpreted as a "virtual" path which is
+relative to either the context root or the server root (depending on the <strong>isVirtualWebappRelative</strong>
+parameter).
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>fsize</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#fsize file="filename.shtml" --&gt;</code>
+Returns the size of a file. The path is interpreted relative to the document where this directive
+is being used, and IS NOT a "virtual" path relative to either the context root or the server root.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>fsize</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#fsize virtual="filename.shtml" --&gt;</code>
+Returns the size of a file. The path is interpreted as a "virtual" path which is
+relative to either the context root or the server root (depending on the <strong>isVirtualWebappRelative</strong>
+parameter).
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>printenv</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#printenv --&gt;</code>
+Returns the list of all the defined variables.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>set</strong> - <code>&lt;!--#set var="foo" value="Bar" --&gt;</code>
+is used to assign a value to a user-defined variable.
+</li>
+<li>
+<strong>if elif endif else</strong> - Used to create conditional sections. For example:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;!--#config timefmt="%A" --&gt;
+&lt;!--#if expr="$DATE_LOCAL = /Monday/" --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Meeting at 10:00 on Mondays&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;!--#elif expr="$DATE_LOCAL = /Friday/" --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Turn in your time card&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;!--#else --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Yoga class at noon.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;!--#endif --&gt;</code></pre></div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+See the
+<a href="https://httpd.apache.org/docs/howto/ssi.html#basicssidirectives">
+Apache Introduction to SSI</a> for more information on using SSI directives.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Variables">Variables</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+SSI variables are implemented via request attributes on the <b>javax.servlet.ServletRequest</b> object
+and are not limited to the SSI servlet. Variables starting with the names
+"java.", "javax.", "sun" or "org.apache.catalina.ssi.SSIMediator." are reserved
+and cannot be used.
+</p>
+<p>The SSI servlet currently implements the following variables:
+</p>
+<table class="defaultTable">
+<tr>
+<th>Variable Name</th>
+<th>Description</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>AUTH_TYPE</td>
+<td>
+  The type of authentication used for this user: BASIC, FORM, etc.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>CONTENT_LENGTH</td>
+<td>
+  The length of the data (in bytes or the number of
+  characters) passed from a form.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>CONTENT_TYPE</td>
+<td>
+  The MIME type of the query data, such as "text/html".</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>DATE_GMT</td>
+<td>
+Current date and time in GMT</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>DATE_LOCAL</td>
+<td>
+Current date and time in the local time zone</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>DOCUMENT_NAME</td>
+<td>
+The current file</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>DOCUMENT_URI</td>
+<td>
+Virtual path to the file</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>GATEWAY_INTERFACE</td>
+<td>
+  The revision of the Common Gateway Interface that the
+  server uses if enabled: "CGI/1.1".</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>HTTP_ACCEPT</td>
+<td>
+  A list of the MIME types that the client can accept.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING</td>
+<td>
+  A list of the compression types that the client can accept.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE</td>
+<td>
+  A list of the languages that the client can accept.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>HTTP_CONNECTION</td>
+<td>
+  The way that the connection from the client is being managed:
+  "Close" or "Keep-Alive".</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>HTTP_HOST</td>
+<td>
+  The web site that the client requested.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>HTTP_REFERER</td>
+<td>
+  The URL of the document that the client linked from.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>HTTP_USER_AGENT</td>
+<td>
+  The browser the client is using to issue the request.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>LAST_MODIFIED</td>
+<td>
+Last modification date and time for current file</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PATH_INFO</td>
+<td>
+  Extra path information passed to a servlet.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PATH_TRANSLATED</td>
+<td>
+  The translated version of the path given by the
+  variable PATH_INFO.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>QUERY_STRING</td>
+<td>
+The query string that follows the "?" in the URL.
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>QUERY_STRING_UNESCAPED</td>
+<td>
+Undecoded query string with all shell metacharacters escaped
+with "\"</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>REMOTE_ADDR</td>
+<td>
+  The remote IP address of the user making the request.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>REMOTE_HOST</td>
+<td>
+  The remote hostname of the user making the request.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>REMOTE_PORT</td>
+<td>
+  The port number at remote IP address of the user making the request.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>REMOTE_USER</td>
+<td>
+  The authenticated name of the user.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>REQUEST_METHOD</td>
+<td>
+  The method with which the information request was
+  issued: "GET", "POST" etc.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>REQUEST_URI</td>
+<td>
+  The web page originally requested by the client.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>SCRIPT_FILENAME</td>
+<td>
+  The location of the current web page on the server.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>SCRIPT_NAME</td>
+<td>
+  The name of the web page.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>SERVER_ADDR</td>
+<td>
+  The server's IP address.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>SERVER_NAME</td>
+<td>
+  The server's hostname or IP address.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>SERVER_PORT</td>
+<td>
+  The port on which the server received the request.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>SERVER_PROTOCOL</td>
+<td>
+  The protocol used by the server. E.g. "HTTP/1.1".</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>SERVER_SOFTWARE</td>
+<td>
+  The name and version of the server software that is
+  answering the client request.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>UNIQUE_ID</td>
+<td>
+  A token used to identify the current session if one
+  has been established.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/ssl-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/ssl-howto.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - SSL/TLS Configuration How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Christopher Cain"><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>SSL/TLS Configuration How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Quick_Start">Quick Start</a></li><li><a href="#Introduction_to_SSL">Introduction to SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="#SSL_and_Tomcat">SSL/TLS and Tomcat</a></li><li><a href="#Certificates">Certificates</a></li><li><a href="#General_Tips_on_Running_SSL">General Tips on Running SSL</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a><ol><li><a href="#Prepare_the_Certificate_Keystore">Prepare the Certificate Keystore</a></li><li><a href="#Edit_the_Tomcat_Configuration_File">Edit the Tomcat Configuration File</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Installing_a_Certificate_from_a_Certificate_Authority">Installing a Certificate from a Certificate Authority</a><ol><li><a href="#Create_a_local_Certificate_Signing_Request_(CSR)">Create a local Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</a></li><li><a href="#Importing_the_Certificate">Importing the Certificate</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Using_OCSP_Certificates">Using OCSP Certificates</a><ol><li><a href="#Generating_OCSP-Enabled_Certificates">Generating OCSP-Enabled Certificates</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_OCSP_Connector">Configuring OCSP Connector</a></li><li><a href="#Starting_OCSP_Responder">Starting OCSP Responder</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li><li><a href="#Using_the_SSL_for_session_tracking_in_your_application">Using the SSL for session tracking in your application</a></li><li><a href="#Miscellaneous_Tips_and_Bits">Miscellaneous Tips and Bits</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Quick_Start">Quick Start</h3><div class="text">
+
+    <p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
+    base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
+    not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
+    directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
+    the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
+
+<p>To install and configure SSL/TLS support on Tomcat, you need to follow
+these simple steps.  For more information, read the rest of this How-To.</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Create a keystore file to store the server's private key and
+self-signed certificate by executing the following command:</p>
+<p>Windows:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</code></pre></div>
+<p>Unix:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>and specify a password value of "changeit".</p></li>
+<li><p>Uncomment the "SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector" entry in
+    <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> and modify as described in
+    the <a href="#Configuration">Configuration section</a> below.</p></li>
+
+</ol>
+
+
+</div><h3 id="Introduction_to_SSL">Introduction to SSL/TLS</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer
+(SSL), are technologies which allow web browsers and web servers to communicate
+over a secured connection.  This means that the data being sent is encrypted by
+one side, transmitted, then decrypted by the other side before processing.
+This is a two-way process, meaning that both the server AND the browser encrypt
+all traffic before sending out data.</p>
+
+<p>Another important aspect of the SSL/TLS protocol is Authentication.  This means
+that during your initial attempt to communicate with a web server over a secure
+connection, that server will present your web browser with a set of
+credentials, in the form of a "Certificate", as proof the site is who and what
+it claims to be.  In certain cases, the server may also request a Certificate
+from your web browser, asking for proof that <em>you</em> are who you claim
+to be.  This is known as "Client Authentication," although in practice this is
+used more for business-to-business (B2B) transactions than with individual
+users.  Most SSL-enabled web servers do not request Client Authentication.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="SSL_and_Tomcat">SSL/TLS and Tomcat</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>It is important to note that configuring Tomcat to take advantage of
+secure sockets is usually only necessary when running it as a stand-alone
+web server.  Details can be found in the
+<a href="security-howto.html">Security Considerations Document</a>.
+When running Tomcat primarily as a Servlet/JSP container behind
+another web server, such as Apache or Microsoft IIS, it is usually necessary
+to configure the primary web server to handle the SSL connections from users.
+Typically, this server will negotiate all SSL-related functionality, then
+pass on any requests destined for the Tomcat container only after decrypting
+those requests.  Likewise, Tomcat will return cleartext responses, that will
+be encrypted before being returned to the user's browser.  In this environment,
+Tomcat knows that communications between the primary web server and the
+client are taking place over a secure connection (because your application
+needs to be able to ask about this), but it does not participate in the
+encryption or decryption itself.</p>
+
+<p>Tomcat is able to use any of the the cryptographic protocols that are
+provided by the underlying environment. Java itself provides cryptographic
+capabilities through <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/security/java-cryptography-architecture-jca-reference-guide.htm">JCE/JCA</a>
+and encrypted communications capabilities through <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/security/java-secure-socket-extension-jsse-reference-guide.htm">JSSE</a>.
+Any compliant cryptographic "provider" can provide cryptographic algorithms
+to Tomcat. The built-in provider (SunJCE) includes support for various
+SSL/TLS versions like SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, and so on. Check the documentation
+for your version of Java for details on protocol and algorithm support.</p>
+
+<p>If you use the optional <code>tcnative</code> library, you can use
+the <a href="https://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL</a> cryptographic provider
+through JCA/JCE/JSSE which may provide a different selection of cryptographic
+algorithms and/or performance benefits relative to the SunJCE provider.
+You can also use <code>tcnative</code> to enable the <a href="apr.html">APR</a>
+connector which uses OpenSSL for its cryptographic operations. Check the
+documentation for your version of OpenSSL for details on protocol and
+algorithm support.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Certificates">Certificates</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>In order to implement SSL, a web server must have an associated Certificate
+for each external interface (IP address) that accepts secure connections.
+The theory behind this design is that a server should provide some kind of
+reasonable assurance that its owner is who you think it is, particularly
+before receiving any sensitive information.  While a broader explanation of
+Certificates is beyond the scope of this document, think of a Certificate as a
+"digital passport" for an Internet address. It states which organisation the
+site is associated with, along with some basic contact information about the
+site owner or administrator.</p>
+
+<p>This certificate is cryptographically signed by its owner, and is
+therefore extremely difficult for anyone else to forge. For the certificate to
+work in the visitors browsers without warnings, it needs to be signed by a
+trusted third party. These are called <em>Certificate Authorities</em> (CAs). To
+obtain a signed certificate, you need to choose a CA and follow the instructions
+your chosen CA provides to obtain your certificate. A range of CAs is available
+including some that offer certificates at no cost.</p>
+
+<p>Java provides a relatively simple command-line tool, called
+<code>keytool</code>, which can easily create a "self-signed" Certificate.
+Self-signed Certificates are simply user generated Certificates which have not
+been signed by a well-known CA and are, therefore, not really guaranteed to be
+authentic at all. While self-signed certificates can be useful for some testing
+scenarios, they are not suitable for any form of production use.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="General_Tips_on_Running_SSL">General Tips on Running SSL</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>When securing a website with SSL it's important to make sure that all assets
+that the site uses are served over SSL, so that an attacker can't bypass
+the security by injecting malicious content in a JavaScript file or similar. To
+further enhance the security of your website, you should evaluate to use the
+HSTS header. It allows you to communicate to the browser that your site should
+always be accessed over https.</p>
+
+<p>Using name-based virtual hosts on a secured connection requires careful
+configuration of the names specified in a single certificate or Tomcat 8.5
+onwards where Server Name Indication (SNI) support is available. SNI allows
+multiple certificates with different names to be associated with a single TLS
+connector.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Configuration">Configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Prepare_the_Certificate_Keystore">Prepare the Certificate Keystore</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>Tomcat currently operates only on <code>JKS</code>, <code>PKCS11</code> or
+<code>PKCS12</code> format keystores.  The <code>JKS</code> format
+is Java's standard "Java KeyStore" format, and is the format created by the
+<code>keytool</code> command-line utility.  This tool is included in the JDK.
+The <code>PKCS12</code> format is an internet standard, and can be manipulated
+via (among other things) OpenSSL and Microsoft's Key-Manager.
+</p>
+
+<p>Each entry in a keystore is identified by an alias string. Whilst many
+keystore implementations treat aliases in a case insensitive manner, case
+sensitive implementations are available. The <code>PKCS11</code> specification,
+for example, requires that aliases are case sensitive. To avoid issues related
+to the case sensitivity of aliases, it is not recommended to use aliases that
+differ only in case.
+</p>
+
+<p>To import an existing certificate into a <code>JKS</code> keystore, please read the
+documentation (in your JDK documentation package) about <code>keytool</code>.
+Note that OpenSSL often adds readable comments before the key, but
+<code>keytool</code> does not support that. So if your certificate has
+comments before the key data, remove them before importing the certificate with
+<code>keytool</code>.
+</p>
+<p>To import an existing certificate signed by your own CA into a <code>PKCS12</code>
+keystore using OpenSSL you would execute a command like:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>openssl pkcs12 -export -in mycert.crt -inkey mykey.key
+                       -out mycert.p12 -name tomcat -CAfile myCA.crt
+                       -caname root -chain</code></pre></div>
+<p>For more advanced cases, consult the
+<a href="https://www.openssl.org/" rel="nofollow">OpenSSL documentation</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To create a new <code>JKS</code> keystore from scratch, containing a single
+self-signed Certificate, execute the following from a terminal command line:</p>
+<p>Windows:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</code></pre></div>
+<p>Unix:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>(The RSA algorithm should be preferred as a secure algorithm, and this
+also ensures general compatibility with other servers and components.)</p>
+
+<p>This command will create a new file, in the home directory of the user
+under which you run it, named "<code>.keystore</code>".  To specify a
+different location or filename, add the <code>-keystore</code> parameter,
+followed by the complete pathname to your keystore file,
+to the <code>keytool</code> command shown above.  You will also need to
+reflect this new location in the <code>server.xml</code> configuration file,
+as described later.  For example:</p>
+<p>Windows:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
+  -keystore \path\to\my\keystore</code></pre></div>
+<p>Unix:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
+  -keystore /path/to/my/keystore</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>After executing this command, you will first be prompted for the keystore
+password.  The default password used by Tomcat is "<code>changeit</code>"
+(all lower case), although you can specify a custom password if you like.
+You will also need to specify the custom password in the
+<code>server.xml</code> configuration file, as described later.</p>
+
+<p>Next, you will be prompted for general information about this Certificate,
+such as company, contact name, and so on.  This information will be displayed
+to users who attempt to access a secure page in your application, so make
+sure that the information provided here matches what they will expect.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, you will be prompted for the <em>key password</em>, which is the
+password specifically for this Certificate (as opposed to any other
+Certificates stored in the same keystore file). The <code>keytool</code> prompt
+will tell you that pressing the ENTER key automatically uses the same password
+for the key as the keystore. You are free to use the same password or to select
+a custom one. If you select a different password to the keystore password, you
+will also need to specify the custom password in the <code>server.xml</code>
+configuration file.</p>
+
+<p>If everything was successful, you now have a keystore file with a
+Certificate that can be used by your server.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Edit_the_Tomcat_Configuration_File">Edit the Tomcat Configuration File</h4><div class="text">
+<p>
+Tomcat can use three different implementations of SSL:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>JSSE implementation provided as part of the Java runtime</li>
+<li>JSSE implementation that uses OpenSSL</li>
+<li>APR implementation, which uses the OpenSSL engine by default</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+The exact configuration details depend on which implementation is being used.
+If you configured Connector by specifying generic
+<code>protocol="HTTP/1.1"</code> then the implementation used by Tomcat is
+chosen automatically. If the installation uses <a href="apr.html">APR</a>
+- i.e. you have installed the Tomcat native library -
+then it will use the JSSE OpenSSL implementation, otherwise it will use the Java
+JSSE implementation.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Auto-selection of implementation can be avoided if needed. It is done by specifying a classname
+in the <b>protocol</b> attribute of the <a href="config/http.html">Connector</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To define a Java (JSSE) connector, regardless of whether the APR library is
+loaded or not, use one of the following:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;!-- Define an HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443, JSSE NIO implementation --&gt;
+&lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
+           sslImplementationName="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse.JSSEImplementation"
+           port="8443" .../&gt;
+
+&lt;!-- Define an HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443, JSSE NIO2 implementation --&gt;
+&lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Nio2Protocol"
+           sslImplementationName="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse.JSSEImplementation"
+           port="8443" .../&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The OpenSSL JSSE implementation can also be configured explicitly if needed. If the APR library
+is installed (as for using the APR connector), using the sslImplementationName attribute
+allows enabling it. When using the OpenSSL JSSE implementation, the configuration can use
+either the JSSE attributes or
+the OpenSSL attributes (as used for the APR connector), but must not mix attributes from
+both types in the same SSLHostConfig or Connector element.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;!-- Define an HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443, JSSE NIO implementation and OpenSSL --&gt;
+&lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" port="8443"
+           sslImplementationName="org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLImplementation"
+           .../&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>Alternatively, to specify an APR connector (the APR library must be available) use:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;!-- Define an HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443, APR implementation --&gt;
+&lt;Connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
+           port="8443" .../&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>If you are using APR or JSSE OpenSSL, you have the option of configuring an alternative engine to OpenSSL.</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
+          SSLEngine="someengine" SSLRandomSeed="somedevice" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>The default value is</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
+          SSLEngine="on" SSLRandomSeed="builtin" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>Also the <code>useAprConnector</code> attribute may be used to have Tomcat default to
+using the APR connector rather than the NIO connector:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
+          useAprConnector="true" SSLEngine="on" SSLRandomSeed="builtin" /&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+So to enable OpenSSL, make sure the SSLEngine attribute is set to something other than <code>off</code>.
+The default value is <code>on</code> and if you specify another value,
+it has to be a valid OpenSSL engine name.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+SSLRandomSeed allows to specify a source of entropy. Productive system needs a reliable source of entropy
+but entropy may need a lot of time to be collected therefore test systems could use no blocking entropy
+sources like "/dev/urandom" that will allow quicker starts of Tomcat.
+</p>
+
+<p>The final step is to configure the Connector in the
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code> file, where
+<code>$CATALINA_BASE</code> represents the base directory for the
+Tomcat instance.  An example <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> element
+for an SSL connector is included in the default <code>server.xml</code>
+file installed with Tomcat. To configure an SSL connector that uses JSSE, you
+will need to remove the comments and edit it so it looks something like
+this:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;!-- Define an SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
+&lt;Connector
+           protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
+           port="8443" maxThreads="200"
+           maxParameterCount="1000"
+           scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"
+           keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore" keystorePass="changeit"
+           clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+  Note: If tomcat-native is installed, the configuration will use JSSE with
+  an OpenSSL implementation, which supports either this configuration or the APR
+  configuration example given below.</p>
+<p>
+  The APR connector uses different attributes for many SSL settings,
+  particularly keys and certificates. An example of an APR configuration is:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;!-- Define an SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 --&gt;
+&lt;Connector
+           protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
+           port="8443" maxThreads="200"
+           maxParameterCount="1000"
+           scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"
+           SSLCertificateFile="/usr/local/ssl/server.crt"
+           SSLCertificateKeyFile="/usr/local/ssl/server.pem"
+           SSLVerifyClient="optional" SSLProtocol="TLSv1+TLSv1.1+TLSv1.2"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
+
+
+<p>The configuration options and information on which attributes
+are mandatory, are documented in the SSL Support section of the
+<a href="config/http.html#SSL_Support">HTTP connector</a> configuration
+reference. Make sure that you use the correct attributes for the connector you
+are using. The NIO and NIO2 connectors use JSSE unless the JSSE OpenSSL implementation is
+installed (in which case it supports either the JSSE or OpenSSL configuration styles),
+whereas the APR/native connector uses APR.</p>
+
+<p>The <code>port</code> attribute is the TCP/IP
+port number on which Tomcat will listen for secure connections.  You can
+change this to any port number you wish (such as to the default port for
+<code>https</code> communications, which is 443).  However, special setup
+(outside the scope of this document) is necessary to run Tomcat on port
+numbers lower than 1024 on many operating systems.</p>
+
+  <p><em>If you change the port number here, you should also change the
+  value specified for the <code>redirectPort</code> attribute on the
+  non-SSL connector.  This allows Tomcat to automatically redirect
+  users who attempt to access a page with a security constraint specifying
+  that SSL is required, as required by the Servlet Specification.</em></p>
+
+<p>After completing these configuration changes, you must restart Tomcat as
+you normally do, and you should be in business.  You should be able to access
+any web application supported by Tomcat via SSL.  For example, try:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>https://localhost:8443/</code></pre></div>
+<p>and you should see the usual Tomcat splash page (unless you have modified
+the ROOT web application).  If this does not work, the following section
+contains some troubleshooting tips.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Installing_a_Certificate_from_a_Certificate_Authority">Installing a Certificate from a Certificate Authority</h3><div class="text">
+<p>To obtain and install a Certificate from a Certificate Authority (like verisign.com, thawte.com
+or trustcenter.de), read the previous section and then follow these instructions:</p>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Create_a_local_Certificate_Signing_Request_(CSR)">Create a local Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</h4><div class="text">
+<p>In order to obtain a Certificate from the Certificate Authority of your choice
+you have to create a so called Certificate Signing Request (CSR). That CSR will be used
+by the Certificate Authority to create a Certificate that will identify your website
+as "secure". To create a CSR follow these steps:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Create a local self-signed Certificate (as described in the previous section):
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
+    -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    Note: In some cases you will have to enter the domain of your website (i.e. <code>www.myside.org</code>)
+    in the field "first- and lastname" in order to create a working Certificate.
+</li>
+<li>The CSR is then created with:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>keytool -certreq -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat -file certreq.csr
+    -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;</code></pre></div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Now you have a file called <code>certreq.csr</code> that you can submit to the Certificate Authority (look at the
+documentation of the Certificate Authority website on how to do this). In return you get a Certificate.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Importing_the_Certificate">Importing the Certificate</h4><div class="text">
+<p>Now that you have your Certificate you can import it into you local keystore.
+First of all you have to import a so called Chain Certificate or Root Certificate into your keystore.
+After that you can proceed with importing your Certificate.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Download a Chain Certificate from the Certificate Authority you obtained the Certificate from.<br>
+    For Verisign.com commercial certificates go to:
+            http://www.verisign.com/support/install/intermediate.html<br>
+        For Verisign.com trial certificates go to:
+            http://www.verisign.com/support/verisign-intermediate-ca/Trial_Secure_Server_Root/index.html<br>
+    For Trustcenter.de go to:
+            http://www.trustcenter.de/certservices/cacerts/en/en.htm#server<br>
+    For Thawte.com go to:
+            http://www.thawte.com/certs/trustmap.html<br>
+</li>
+<li>Import the Chain Certificate into your keystore
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>keytool -import -alias root -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;
+    -trustcacerts -file &lt;filename_of_the_chain_certificate&gt;</code></pre></div>
+</li>
+<li>And finally import your new Certificate
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>keytool -import -alias tomcat -keystore &lt;your_keystore_filename&gt;
+    -file &lt;your_certificate_filename&gt;</code></pre></div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Each Certificate Authority tends to differ slightly from the others. They may
+require slightly different information and/or provide the certificate and
+associated certificate chain in different formats. Additionally, the rules that
+the Certificate Authorities use for issuing certificates change over time. As a
+result you may find that the commands given above may need to be modified. If
+you require assitance then help is available via the
+<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-users">Apache Tomcat users
+mailing list</a>.</p>
+
+</div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Using_OCSP_Certificates">Using OCSP Certificates</h3><div class="text">
+<p>To use Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) with Apache Tomcat, ensure
+  you have downloaded, installed, and configured the
+  <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/download-native.cgi">
+    Tomcat Native Connector</a>.
+Furthermore, if you use the Windows platform, ensure you download the
+ocsp-enabled connector.</p>
+<p>To use OCSP, you require the following:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>OCSP-enabled certificates</li>
+  <li>Tomcat with SSL APR connector</li>
+  <li>Configured OCSP responder</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Generating_OCSP-Enabled_Certificates">Generating OCSP-Enabled Certificates</h4><div class="text">
+<p>Apache Tomcat requires the OCSP-enabled certificate to have the OCSP
+  responder location encoded in the certificate. The basic OCSP-related
+  certificate authority settings in the <code>openssl.cnf</code> file could look
+  as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+#... omitted for brevity
+
+[x509]
+x509_extensions = v3_issued
+
+[v3_issued]
+subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
+authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
+# The address of your responder
+authorityInfoAccess = OCSP;URI:http://127.0.0.1:8088
+keyUsage = critical,digitalSignature,nonRepudiation,keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment,keyAgreement,keyCertSign,cRLSign,encipherOnly,decipherOnly
+basicConstraints=critical,CA:FALSE
+nsComment="Testing OCSP Certificate"
+
+#... omitted for brevity
+</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>The settings above encode the OCSP responder address
+  <code>127.0.0.1:8088</code> into the certificate. Note that for the following
+   steps, you must have <code>openssl.cnf</code> and other configuration of
+   your CA ready. To generate an OCSP-enabled certificate:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>
+    Create a private key:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>openssl genrsa -aes256 -out ocsp-cert.key 4096</code></pre></div>
+  </li>
+  <li>
+    Create a signing request (CSR):
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -sha256 \
+  -key ocsp-cert.key -out ocsp-cert.csr</code></pre></div></li>
+  <li>
+    Sign the CSR:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>openssl ca -openssl.cnf -extensions ocsp -days 375 -notext \
+  -md sha256 -in ocsp-cert.csr -out ocsp-cert.crt</code></pre></div>
+  </li>
+  <li>
+    You may verify the certificate:
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>openssl x509 -noout -text -in ocsp-cert.crt</code></pre></div>
+  </li>
+</ul>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Configuring_OCSP_Connector">Configuring OCSP Connector</h4><div class="text">
+
+<p>To configure the OCSP connector, first verify that you are loading the Tomcat
+   APR library. Check the <a href="apr.html#Installation">
+   Apache Portable Runtime (APR) based Native library for Tomcat</a>
+for more information about installation of APR. A basic OCSP-enabled connector
+ definition in the <code>server.xml</code> file looks as follows:</p>
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>
+&lt;Connector
+    port="8443"
+    protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
+    maxParameterCount="1000"
+    secure="true"
+    scheme="https"
+    SSLEnabled="true"
+  &lt;SSLHostConfig
+      caCertificateFile="/path/to/ca.pem"
+      certificateVerification="require"
+      certificateVerificationDepth="10" &gt;
+    &lt;Certificate
+        certificateFile="/path/to/ocsp-cert.crt"
+        certificateKeyFile="/path/to/ocsp-cert.key" /&gt;
+  &lt;/SSLHostConfig&gt;
+</code></pre></div>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Starting_OCSP_Responder">Starting OCSP Responder</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>Apache Tomcat will query an OCSP responder server to get the certificate
+  status. When testing, an easy way to create an OCSP responder is by executing
+   the following:
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>openssl ocsp -port 127.0.0.1:8088 \
+    -text -sha256 -index index.txt \
+    -CA ca-chain.cert.pem -rkey ocsp-cert.key \
+    -rsigner ocsp-cert.crt</code></pre></div> </p>
+
+ <p>Do note that when using OCSP, the responder encoded in the connector
+   certificate must be running. For further information, see
+   <a href="https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.0/apps/ocsp.html">
+     OCSP documentation
+   </a>.
+ </p>
+
+</div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Additional information may be obtained about TLS handshake failures by
+configuring the dedicated TLS handshake logger to log debug level messages by
+adding the following to <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties</code>:
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.handshake.level=FINE</code></pre></div>
+or
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>org.apache.tomcat.util.net.Nio2Endpoint.handshake.level=FINE</code></pre></div>
+depending on the <strong>Connector</strong> being used.
+</p>
+
+<p>Here is a list of common problems that you may encounter when setting up
+SSL communications, and what to do about them.</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>When Tomcat starts up, I get an exception like
+    "java.io.FileNotFoundException: {some-directory}/{some-file} not found".
+
+    <p>A likely explanation is that Tomcat cannot find the keystore file
+    where it is looking.  By default, Tomcat expects the keystore file to
+    be named <code>.keystore</code> in the user home directory under which
+    Tomcat is running (which may or may not be the same as yours :-).  If
+    the keystore file is anywhere else, you will need to add a
+    <code>keystoreFile</code> attribute to the <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code>
+    element in the <a href="#Edit_the_Tomcat_Configuration_File">Tomcat
+    configuration file</a>.</p>
+    </li>
+
+<li>When Tomcat starts up, I get an exception like
+    "java.io.FileNotFoundException:  Keystore was tampered with, or
+    password was incorrect".
+
+    <p>Assuming that someone has not <em>actually</em> tampered with
+    your keystore file, the most likely cause is that Tomcat is using
+    a different password than the one you used when you created the
+    keystore file.  To fix this, you can either go back and
+    <a href="#Prepare_the_Certificate_Keystore">recreate the keystore
+    file</a>, or you can add or update the <code>keystorePass</code>
+    attribute on the <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> element in the
+    <a href="#Edit_the_Tomcat_Configuration_File">Tomcat configuration
+    file</a>.  <strong>REMINDER</strong> - Passwords are case sensitive!</p>
+    </li>
+
+<li>When Tomcat starts up, I get an exception like
+    "java.net.SocketException: SSL handshake error javax.net.ssl.SSLException: No
+    available certificate or key corresponds to the SSL cipher suites which are
+    enabled."
+
+    <p>A likely explanation is that Tomcat cannot find the alias for the server
+    key within the specified keystore. Check that the correct
+    <code>keystoreFile</code> and <code>keyAlias</code> are specified in the
+    <code>&lt;Connector&gt;</code> element in the
+    <a href="#Edit_the_Tomcat_Configuration_File">Tomcat configuration file</a>.
+    <strong>REMINDER</strong> - <code>keyAlias</code> values may be case
+    sensitive!</p>
+    </li>
+
+<li>My Java-based client aborts handshakes with exceptions such as
+    "java.lang.RuntimeException: Could not generate DH keypair" and
+    "java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException: Prime size must be multiple
+    of 64, and can only range from 512 to 1024 (inclusive)"
+
+    <p>If you are using the APR/native connector or the JSSE OpenSSL implementation,
+    it will determine the strength of ephemeral DH keys from the key size of
+    your RSA certificate. For example a 2048 bit RSA key will result in
+    using a 2048 bit prime for the DH keys. Unfortunately Java 6 only supports
+    768 bit and Java 7 only supports 1024 bit. So if your certificate has a
+    stronger key, old Java clients might produce such handshake failures.
+    As a mitigation you can either try to force them to use another cipher by
+    configuring an appropriate <code>SSLCipherSuite</code> and activate
+    <code>SSLHonorCipherOrder</code>, or embed weak DH params in your
+    certificate file. The latter approach is not recommended because it weakens
+    the SSL security (logjam attack).</p>
+    </li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>If you are still having problems, a good source of information is the
+<strong>TOMCAT-USER</strong> mailing list.  You can find pointers to archives
+of previous messages on this list, as well as subscription and unsubscription
+information, at
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html</a>.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Using_the_SSL_for_session_tracking_in_your_application">Using the SSL for session tracking in your application</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>This is a new feature in the Servlet 3.0 specification. Because it uses the
+     SSL session ID associated with the physical client-server connection there
+     are some limitations. They are:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>Tomcat must have a connector with the attribute
+          <strong>isSecure</strong> set to <code>true</code>.</li>
+      <li>If SSL connections are managed by a proxy or a hardware accelerator
+          they must populate the SSL request headers (see the
+          <a href="config/valve.html">SSLValve</a>) so that
+          the SSL session ID is visible to Tomcat.</li>
+      <li>If Tomcat terminates the SSL connection, it will not be possible to use
+          session replication as the SSL session IDs will be different on each
+          node.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+  <p>
+    To enable SSL session tracking you need to use a context listener to set the
+    tracking mode for the context to be just SSL (if any other tracking mode is
+    enabled, it will be used in preference). It might look something like:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>package org.apache.tomcat.example;
+
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
+import javax.servlet.SessionTrackingMode;
+
+public class SessionTrackingModeListener implements ServletContextListener {
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
+        // Do nothing
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
+        ServletContext context = event.getServletContext();
+        EnumSet&lt;SessionTrackingMode&gt; modes =
+            EnumSet.of(SessionTrackingMode.SSL);
+
+        context.setSessionTrackingModes(modes);
+    }
+
+}</code></pre></div>
+
+  <p>Note: SSL session tracking is implemented for the NIO and NIO2 connectors.
+     It is not yet implemented for the APR connector.</p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Miscellaneous_Tips_and_Bits">Miscellaneous Tips and Bits</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>To access the SSL session ID from the request, use:</p>
+
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>String sslID = (String)request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.request.ssl_session_id");</code></pre></div>
+<p>
+For additional discussion on this area, please see
+<a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=22679">Bugzilla</a>.
+</p>
+
+  <p>To terminate an SSL session, use:</p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>// Standard HTTP session invalidation
+session.invalidate();
+
+// Invalidate the SSL Session
+org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLSessionManager mgr =
+    (org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLSessionManager)
+    request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.request.ssl_session_mgr");
+mgr.invalidateSession();
+
+// Close the connection since the SSL session will be active until the connection
+// is closed
+response.setHeader("Connection", "close");</code></pre></div>
+  <p>
+    Note that this code is Tomcat specific due to the use of the
+    SSLSessionManager class. This is currently only available for the NIO and
+    NIO2 connectors, not the APR/native connector.
+  </p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module (9.0.75) - Apache Tribes - Developers</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Tribes Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="faq.html">3) FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/package-summary.html">JavaDoc</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tribes Development</h2><ul><li><a href="membership.html">Membership</a></li><li><a href="transport.html">Transport</a></li><li><a href="interceptors.html">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tribes - Developers</h2><h3 id="Developers">Developers</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>TODO</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module (9.0.75) - Apache Tribes - Frequently Asked Questions</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Tribes Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="faq.html">3) FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/package-summary.html">JavaDoc</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tribes Development</h2><ul><li><a href="membership.html">Membership</a></li><li><a href="transport.html">Transport</a></li><li><a href="interceptors.html">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tribes - Frequently Asked Questions</h2><h3 id="Frequently_Asked_Questions">Frequently Asked Questions</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>TODO</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module (9.0.75) - Apache Tribes - Interceptors</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Tribes Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="faq.html">3) FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/package-summary.html">JavaDoc</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tribes Development</h2><ul><li><a href="membership.html">Membership</a></li><li><a href="transport.html">Transport</a></li><li><a href="interceptors.html">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tribes - Interceptors</h2><h3 id="Interceptors">Interceptors</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>TODO</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module (9.0.75) - Apache Tribes - Introduction</title><meta name="author" content="Filip Hanik"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Tribes Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="faq.html">3) FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/package-summary.html">JavaDoc</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tribes Development</h2><ul><li><a href="membership.html">Membership</a></li><li><a href="transport.html">Transport</a></li><li><a href="interceptors.html">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tribes - Introduction</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Quick_Start">Quick Start</a></li><li><a href="#What_is_Tribes">What is Tribes</a></li><li><a href="#Why_another_messaging_framework">Why another messaging framework</a></li><li><a href="#Feature_Overview">Feature Overview</a></li><li><a href="#Where_can_I_get_Tribes">Where can I get Tribes</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Quick_Start">Quick Start</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p>Apache Tribes is a group or peer-to-peer communication framework that enables you to easily connect
+     your remote objects to communicate with each other.
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+    <li>Import: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.Channel</code></li>
+    <li>Import: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.Member</code></li>
+    <li>Import: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.MembershipListener</code></li>
+    <li>Import: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.ChannelListener</code></li>
+    <li>Import: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel</code></li>
+    <li>Create a class that implements: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.ChannelListener</code></li>
+    <li>Create a class that implements: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.MembershipListener</code></li>
+    <li>Simple class to demonstrate how to send a message:
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>//create a channel
+Channel myChannel = new GroupChannel();
+
+//create my listeners
+ChannelListener msgListener = new MyMessageListener();
+MembershipListener mbrListener = new MyMemberListener();
+
+//attach the listeners to the channel
+myChannel.addMembershipListener(mbrListener);
+myChannel.addChannelListener(msgListener);
+
+//start the channel
+myChannel.start(Channel.DEFAULT);
+
+//create a message to be sent, message must implement java.io.Serializable
+//for performance reasons you probably want them to implement java.io.Externalizable
+Serializable myMsg = new MyMessage();
+
+//retrieve my current members
+Member[] group = myChannel.getMembers();
+
+//send the message
+myChannel.send(group,myMsg,Channel.SEND_OPTIONS_DEFAULT);</code></pre></div>
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>
+      Simple yeah? There is a lot more to Tribes than we have shown, hopefully the docs will be able
+      to explain more to you. Remember, that we are always interested in suggestions, improvements, bug fixes
+      and anything that you think would help this project.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="What_is_Tribes">What is Tribes</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    Tribes is a messaging framework with group communication abilities. Tribes allows you to send and receive
+    messages over a network, it also allows for dynamic discovery of other nodes in the network.<br>
+    And that is the short story, it really is as simple as that. What makes Tribes useful and unique will be
+    described in the section below.<br>
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    The Tribes module was started early 2006 and a small part of the code base comes from the clustering module
+    that has been existing since 2003 or 2004.
+    The current cluster implementation has several short comings and many workarounds were created due
+    to the complexity in group communication. Long story short, what should have been two modules a long time
+    ago, will be now. Tribes takes out the complexity of messaging from the replication module and becomes
+    a fully independent and highly flexible group communication module.<br>
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    In Tomcat the old <code>modules/cluster</code> has now become <code>modules/groupcom</code>(Tribes) and
+    <code>modules/ha</code> (replication). This will allow development to proceed and let the developers
+    focus on the issues they are actually working on rather than getting boggled down in details of a module
+    they are not interested in. The understanding is that both communication and replication are complex enough,
+    and when trying to develop them in the same module, well you know, it becomes a cluster :)<br>
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    Tribes allows for guaranteed messaging, and can be customized in many ways. Why is this important?<br>
+    Well, you as a developer want to know that the messages you are sending are reaching their destination.
+    More than that, if a message doesn't reach its destination, the application on top of Tribes will be notified
+    that the message was never sent, and what node it failed.
+  </p>
+
+</div><h3 id="Why_another_messaging_framework">Why another messaging framework</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    I am a big fan of reusing code and would never dream of developing something if someone else has already
+    done it and it was available to me and the community I try to serve.<br>
+    When I did my research to improve the clustering module I was constantly faced with a few obstacles:<br>
+    1. The framework wasn't flexible enough<br>
+    2. The framework was licensed in a way that neither I nor the community could use it<br>
+    3. Several features that I needed were missing<br>
+    4. Messaging was guaranteed, but no feedback was reported to me<br>
+    5. The semantics of my message delivery had to be configured before runtime<br>
+    And the list continues...
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    So I came up with Tribes, to address these issues and other issues that came along.
+    When designing Tribes I wanted to make sure I didn't lose any of the flexibility and
+    delivery semantics that the existing frameworks already delivered. The goal was to create a framework
+    that could do everything that the others already did, but to provide more flexibility for the application
+    developer. In the next section will give you the high level overview of what features tribes offers or will offer.
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Feature_Overview">Feature Overview</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    To give you an idea of the feature set I will list it out here.
+    Some of the features are not yet completed, if that is the case they are marked accordingly.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <b>Pluggable modules</b><br>
+    Tribes is built using interfaces. Any of the modules or components that are part of Tribes can be swapped out
+    to customize your own Tribes implementation.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <b>Guaranteed Messaging</b><br>
+    In the default implementation of Tribes uses TCP or UDP for messaging. TCP already has guaranteed message delivery
+    and flow control built in. I believe that the performance of Java TCP, will outperform an implementation of
+    Java/UDP/flow-control/message guarantee since the logic happens further down the stack. UDP messaging has been added in for
+    sending messages over UDP instead of TCP when desired. The same guarantee scenarios as described below are still available
+    over UDP, however, when a UDP message is lost, it's considered failed.<br>
+    Tribes supports both non-blocking and blocking IO operations. The recommended setting is to use non blocking
+    as it promotes better parallelism when sending and receiving messages. The blocking implementation is available
+    for those platforms where NIO is still a trouble child.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <b>Different Guarantee Levels</b><br>
+    There are three different levels of delivery guarantee when a message is sent.
+  </p>
+    <ol>
+      <li>IO Based send guarantee. - fastest, least reliable<br>
+          This means that Tribes considers the message transfer to be successful
+          if the message was sent to the socket send buffer and accepted.<br>
+          On blocking IO, this would be <code>socket.getOutputStream().write(msg)</code><br>
+          On non blocking IO, this would be <code>socketChannel.write()</code>, and the buffer byte buffer gets emptied
+          followed by a <code>socketChannel.read()</code> to ensure the channel still open.
+          The <code>read()</code> has been added since <code>write()</code> will succeed if the connection has been "closed"
+          when using NIO.
+      </li>
+      <li>ACK based. - recommended, guaranteed delivery<br>
+          When the message has been received on a remote node, an ACK is sent back to the sender,
+          indicating that the message was received successfully.
+      </li>
+      <li>SYNC_ACK based. - guaranteed delivery, guaranteed processed, slowest<br>
+          When the message has been received on a remote node, the node will process
+          the message and if the message was processed successfully, an ACK is sent back to the sender
+          indicating that the message was received and processed successfully.
+          If the message was received, but processing it failed, an ACK_FAIL will be sent back
+          to the sender. This is a unique feature that adds an incredible amount value to the application
+          developer. Most frameworks here will tell you that the message was delivered, and the application
+          developer has to build in logic on whether the message was actually processed properly by the application
+          on the remote node. If configured, Tribes will throw an exception when it receives an ACK_FAIL
+          and associate that exception with the member that didn't process the message.
+      </li>
+    </ol>
+  <p>
+    You can of course write even more sophisticated guarantee levels, and some of them will be mentioned later on
+    in the documentation. One mentionable level would be a 2-Phase-Commit, where the remote applications don't receive
+    the message until all nodes have received the message. Sort of like a all-or-nothing protocol.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <b>Per Message Delivery Attributes</b><br>
+    Perhaps the feature that makes Tribes stand out from the crowd of group communication frameworks.
+    Tribes enables you to send to decide what delivery semantics a message transfer should have on a per
+    message basis. Meaning, that your messages are not delivered based on some static configuration
+    that remains fixed after the message framework has been started.<br>
+    To give you an example of how powerful this feature is, I'll try to illustrate it with a simple example.
+    Imagine you need to send 10 different messages, you could send them the following way:
+  </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Message_1 - asynchronous and fast, no guarantee required, fire and forget
+Message_2 - all-or-nothing, either all receivers get it, or none.
+Message_3 - encrypted and SYNC_ACK based
+Message_4 - asynchronous, SYNC_ACK and call back when the message is processed on the remote nodes
+Message_5 - totally ordered, this message should be received in the same order on all nodes that have been
+            send totally ordered
+Message_6 - asynchronous and totally ordered
+Message_7 - RPC message, send a message, wait for all remote nodes to reply before returning
+Message_8 - RPC message, wait for the first reply
+Message_9 - RPC message, asynchronous, don't wait for a reply, collect them via a callback
+Message_10- sent to a member that is not part of this group</code></pre></div>
+  <p>
+    As you can imagine by now, these are just examples. The number of different semantics you can apply on a
+    per-message-basis is almost limitless. Tribes allows you to set up to 28 different on a message
+    and then configure Tribes to what flag results in what action on the message.<br>
+    Imagine a shared transactional cache, probably &gt;90% are reads, and the dirty reads should be completely
+    unordered and delivered as fast as possible. But transactional writes on the other hand, have to
+    be ordered so that no cache gets corrupted. With tribes you would send the write messages totally ordered,
+    while the read messages you simple fire to achieve highest throughput.<br>
+    There are probably better examples on how this powerful feature can be used, so use your imagination and
+    your experience to think of how this could benefit you in your application.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <b>Interceptor based message processing</b><br>
+    Tribes uses a customizable interceptor stack to process messages that are sent and received.<br>
+    <i>So what, all frameworks have this!</i><br>
+    Yes, but in Tribes interceptors can react to a message based on the per-message-attributes
+    that are sent runtime. Meaning, that if you add a encryption interceptor that encrypts message
+    you can decide if this interceptor will encrypt all messages, or only certain messages that are decided
+    by the applications running on top of Tribes.<br>
+    This is how Tribes is able to send some messages totally ordered and others fire and forget style
+    like the example above.<br>
+    The number of interceptors that are available will keep growing, and we would appreciate any contributions
+    that you might have.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <b>Threadless Interceptor stack</b>
+    The interceptor don't require any separate threads to perform their message manipulation.<br>
+    Messages that are sent will piggy back on the thread that is sending them all the way through transmission.
+    The exception is the <code>MessageDispatchInterceptor</code> that will queue up the message
+    and send it on a separate thread for asynchronous message delivery.
+    Messages received are controlled by a thread pool in the <code>receiver</code> component.<br>
+    The channel object can send a <code>heartbeat()</code> through the interceptor stack to allow
+    for timeouts, cleanup and other events.<br>
+    The <code>MessageDispatchInterceptor</code> is the only interceptor that is configured by default.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <b>Parallel Delivery</b><br>
+    Tribes support parallel delivery of messages. Meaning that node_A could send three messages to node_B in
+    parallel. This feature becomes useful when sending messages with different delivery semantics.
+    Otherwise if Message_1 was sent totally ordered, Message_2 would have to wait for that message to complete.<br>
+    Through NIO, Tribes is also able to send a message to several receivers at the same time on the same thread.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    <b>Silent Member Messaging</b><br>
+    With Tribes you are able to send messages to members that are not in your group.
+    So by default, you can already send messages over a wide area network, even though the dynamic discover
+    module today is limited to local area networks by using multicast for dynamic node discovery.
+    Of course, the membership component will be expanded to support WAN memberships in the future.
+    But this is very useful, when you want to hide members from the rest of the group and only communicate with them
+  </p>
+</div><h3 id="Where_can_I_get_Tribes">Where can I get Tribes</h3><div class="text">
+  <p>
+    Tribes ships as a module with Tomcat, and is released as part of the Apache Tomcat release.
+  </p>
+
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module (9.0.75) - Apache Tribes - Membership</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Tribes Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="faq.html">3) FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/package-summary.html">JavaDoc</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tribes Development</h2><ul><li><a href="membership.html">Membership</a></li><li><a href="transport.html">Transport</a></li><li><a href="interceptors.html">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tribes - Membership</h2><h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>TODO</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module (9.0.75) - Apache Tribes - Configuration</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Tribes Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="faq.html">3) FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/package-summary.html">JavaDoc</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tribes Development</h2><ul><li><a href="membership.html">Membership</a></li><li><a href="transport.html">Transport</a></li><li><a href="interceptors.html">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tribes - Configuration</h2><h3 id="Configuration_Overview">Configuration Overview</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>TODO</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module (9.0.75) - Apache Tribes - Status</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Tribes Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="faq.html">3) FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/package-summary.html">JavaDoc</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tribes Development</h2><ul><li><a href="membership.html">Membership</a></li><li><a href="transport.html">Transport</a></li><li><a href="interceptors.html">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tribes - Status</h2><h3 id="Status">Status</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>TODO</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module (9.0.75) - Apache Tribes - Transport</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tribes - The Tomcat Cluster Communication Module</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="introduction.html">Tribes Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="faq.html">3) FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/package-summary.html">JavaDoc</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tribes Development</h2><ul><li><a href="membership.html">Membership</a></li><li><a href="transport.html">Transport</a></li><li><a href="interceptors.html">Interceptors</a></li><li><a href="status.html">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Apache Tribes - Transport</h2><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>TODO</p>
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/virtual-hosting-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/virtual-hosting-howto.html
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Virtual Hosting and Tomcat</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Virtual Hosting and Tomcat</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Assumptions">Assumptions</a></li><li><a href="#server.xml">server.xml</a></li><li><a href="#Webapps_Directory">Webapps Directory</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Your_Contexts">Configuring Your Contexts</a><ol><li><a href="#General">General</a></li><li><a href="#context.xml_-_approach__1">context.xml - approach #1</a></li><li><a href="#context.xml_-_approach__2">context.xml - approach #2</a></li><li><a href="#Defaults_per_host">Defaults per host</a></li><li><a href="#Further_Information">Further Information</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Assumptions">Assumptions</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      For the sake of this how-to, assume you have a development host with two
+      host names, <code>ren</code> and <code>stimpy</code>. Let's also assume
+      one instance of Tomcat running, so <code>$CATALINA_HOME</code> refers to
+      wherever it's installed, perhaps <code>/usr/local/tomcat</code>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Also, this how-to uses Unix-style path separators and commands; if you're
+      on Windows modify accordingly.
+    </p>
+  </div><h3 id="server.xml">server.xml</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      At the simplest, edit the <a href="config/engine.html">Engine</a> portion
+      of your <code>server.xml</code> file to look like this:
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="ren"&gt;
+    &lt;Host name="ren"    appBase="renapps"/&gt;
+    &lt;Host name="stimpy" appBase="stimpyapps"/&gt;
+&lt;/Engine&gt;</code></pre></div>
+    <p>
+      Note that the directory structures under the appBase for each host should
+      not overlap each other.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Consult the configuration documentation for other attributes of the
+      <a href="config/engine.html">Engine</a> and <a href="config/host.html">
+      Host</a> elements.
+    </p>
+  </div><h3 id="Webapps_Directory">Webapps Directory</h3><div class="text">
+    <p>
+      Create directories for each of the virtual hosts:
+    </p>
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>mkdir $CATALINA_HOME/renapps
+mkdir $CATALINA_HOME/stimpyapps</code></pre></div>
+  </div><h3 id="Configuring_Your_Contexts">Configuring Your Contexts</h3><div class="text">
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="General">General</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>Contexts are normally located underneath the appBase directory. For
+       example, to deploy the <code>foobar</code> context as a war file in
+       the <code>ren</code> host, use
+       <code>$CATALINA_HOME/renapps/foobar.war</code>. Note that the
+       default or ROOT context for <code>ren</code> would be deployed as
+       <code>$CATALINA_HOME/renapps/ROOT.war</code> (WAR) or
+       <code>$CATALINA_HOME/renapps/ROOT</code> (directory).
+      </p>
+      <p><strong>NOTE: The <code>docBase</code> for a context should never be
+        the same as the <code>appBase</code> for a host.</strong>
+      </p>
+    </div></div>
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="context.xml_-_approach__1">context.xml - approach #1</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>
+        Within your Context, create a <code>META-INF</code> directory and then
+        place your Context definition in it in a file named
+        <code>context.xml</code>. i.e.
+        <code>$CATALINA_HOME/renapps/ROOT/META-INF/context.xml</code>
+        This makes deployment easier, particularly if you're distributing a WAR
+        file.
+      </p>
+    </div></div>
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="context.xml_-_approach__2">context.xml - approach #2</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>
+        Create a structure under <code>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina</code>
+        corresponding to your virtual hosts, e.g.:
+      </p>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>mkdir $CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina/ren
+mkdir $CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina/stimpy</code></pre></div>
+      <p>
+        Note that the ending directory name "Catalina" represents the
+        <code>name</code> attribute of the
+        <a href="config/engine.html">Engine</a> element as shown above.
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        Now, for your default webapps, add:
+      </p>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina/ren/ROOT.xml
+$CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina/stimpy/ROOT.xml</code></pre></div>
+      <p>
+        If you want to use the Tomcat manager webapp for each host, you'll also
+        need to add it here:
+      </p>
+      <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd $CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina
+cp localhost/manager.xml ren/
+cp localhost/manager.xml stimpy/</code></pre></div>
+    </div></div>
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Defaults_per_host">Defaults per host</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>
+        You can override the default values found in <code>conf/context.xml</code>
+        and <code>conf/web.xml</code> by specifying the new values in files
+        named <code>context.xml.default</code> and <code>web.xml.default</code>
+        from the host specific xml directory.</p>
+      <p>Following our previous example, you could use
+        <code>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/Catalina/ren/web.xml.default</code>
+        to customize the defaults for all webapps that are deployed in the virtual
+        host named <code>ren</code>.
+      </p>
+    </div></div>
+    <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Further_Information">Further Information</h4><div class="text">
+      <p>
+        Consult the configuration documentation for other attributes of the
+        <a href="config/context.html">Context</a> element.
+      </p>
+    </div></div>
+  </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/web-socket-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/web-socket-howto.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - WebSocket How-To</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>WebSocket How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#Application_development">Application development</a></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_WebSocket_specific_configuration">Tomcat WebSocket specific configuration</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Tomcat provides support for WebSocket as defined by
+   <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455">RFC 6455</a>.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Application_development">Application development</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Tomcat implements the Java WebSocket 1.1 API defined by <a href="https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=356">JSR-356</a>.</p>
+
+<p>There are several example applications that demonstrate how the WebSocket API
+   can be used. You will need to look at both the client side <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/tree/9.0.x/webapps/examples/websocket">
+   HTML</a> and the server side <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomcat/tree/9.0.x/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket">
+   code</a>.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_WebSocket_specific_configuration">Tomcat WebSocket specific configuration</h3><div class="text">
+
+<p>Tomcat provides a number of Tomcat specific configuration options for
+   WebSocket. It is anticipated that these will be absorbed into the WebSocket
+   specification over time.</p>
+
+<p>The write timeout used when sending WebSocket messages in blocking mode
+   defaults to 20000 milliseconds (20 seconds). This may be changed by setting
+   the property <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.BLOCKING_SEND_TIMEOUT</code>
+   in the user properties collection attached to the WebSocket session. The
+   value assigned to this property should be a <code>Long</code> and represents
+   the timeout to use in milliseconds. For an infinite timeout, use
+   <code>-1</code>.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to the <code>Session.setMaxIdleTimeout(long)</code> method which
+   is part of the Java WebSocket API, Tomcat provides greater control of the
+   timing out the session due to lack of activity. Setting the property
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.READ_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS</code> in the user
+   properties collection attached to the WebSocket session will trigger a
+   session timeout if no WebSocket message is received for the specified number
+   of milliseconds. Setting the property
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.WRITE_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS</code> will trigger a
+   session timeout if no WebSocket message is sent for the specified number of
+   milliseconds. These can be used separately or together, with or without
+   <code>Session.setMaxIdleTimeout(long)</code>. If the associated property is
+   not specified, the read and/or write idle timeout will be applied.</p>
+
+<p>If the application does not define a <code>MessageHandler.Partial</code> for
+   incoming binary messages, any incoming binary messages must be buffered so
+   the entire message can be delivered in a single call to the registered
+   <code>MessageHandler.Whole</code> for binary messages. The default buffer
+   size for binary messages is 8192 bytes. This may be changed for a web
+   application by setting the servlet context initialization parameter
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.binaryBufferSize</code> to the desired
+   value in bytes.</p>
+
+<p>If the application does not define a <code>MessageHandler.Partial</code> for
+   incoming text messages, any incoming text messages must be buffered so the
+   entire message can be delivered in a single call to the registered
+   <code>MessageHandler.Whole</code> for text messages. The default buffer size
+   for text messages is 8192 bytes. This may be changed for a web application by
+   setting the servlet context initialization parameter
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.textBufferSize</code> to the desired value
+   in bytes.</p>
+
+<p>The Java WebSocket specification 1.0 does not permit programmatic deployment
+   after the first endpoint has started a WebSocket handshake. By default,
+   Tomcat continues to permit additional programmatic deployment. This
+   behavior is controlled by the
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.noAddAfterHandshake</code> servlet context
+   initialization parameter. The default may be changed by setting the
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.STRICT_SPEC_COMPLIANCE</code> system
+   property to <code>true</code> but any explicit setting on the servlet context
+   will always take priority.</p>
+
+<p>When using the WebSocket client to connect to server endpoints, the timeout
+   for IO operations while establishing the connection is controlled by the
+   <code>userProperties</code> of the provided
+   <code>javax.websocket.ClientEndpointConfig</code>. The property is
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.IO_TIMEOUT_MS</code> and is the
+   timeout as a <code>String</code> in milliseconds. The default is 5000 (5
+   seconds).</p>
+
+<p>When using the WebSocket client to connect to secure server endpoints, the
+   client SSL configuration is controlled by the <code>userProperties</code>
+   of the provided <code>javax.websocket.ClientEndpointConfig</code>. The
+   following user properties are supported:</p>
+   <ul>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.SSL_CONTEXT</code></li>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.SSL_PROTOCOLS</code></li>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.SSL_TRUSTSTORE</code></li>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.SSL_TRUSTSTORE_PWD</code></li>
+   </ul>
+   <p>The default truststore password is <code>changeit</code>.</p>
+
+<p>If the <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.SSL_CONTEXT</code> property is
+   set then the <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.SSL_TRUSTSTORE</code> and
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.SSL_TRUSTSTORE_PWD</code> properties
+   will be ignored.</p>
+
+<p>For secure server end points, host name verification is enabled by default.
+   To bypass this verification (not recommended), it is necessary to provide a
+   custom <code>SSLContext</code> via the
+   <code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.SSL_CONTEXT</code> user property. The
+   custom <code>SSLContext</code> must be configured with a custom
+   <code>TrustManager</code> that extends
+   <code>javax.net.ssl.X509ExtendedTrustManager</code>. The desired verification
+   (or lack of verification) can then be controlled by appropriate
+   implementations of the individual abstract methods.</p>
+
+<p>When using the WebSocket client to connect to server endpoints, the number of
+   HTTP redirects that the client will follow is controlled by the
+   <code>userProperties</code> of the provided
+   <code>javax.websocket.ClientEndpointConfig</code>. The property is
+   <ocde>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.MAX_REDIRECTIONS</ocde>. The default value
+   is 20. Redirection support can be disabled by configuring a value of zero.
+   </p>
+
+<p>When using the WebSocket client to connect to a server endpoint that requires
+   BASIC or DIGEST authentication, the following user properties must be set:
+   </p>
+   <ul>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.WS_AUTHENTICATION_USER_NAME</code>
+     </li>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.WS_AUTHENTICATION_PASSWORD</code>
+     </li>
+   </ul>
+   <p>Optionally, the WebSocket client can be configured only to send
+   credentials if the server authentication challenge includes a specific realm
+   by defining that realm in the optional user property:</p>
+   <ul>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.WS_AUTHENTICATION_REALM</code></li>
+   </ul>
+
+<p>When using the WebSocket client to connect to a server endpoint via a forward
+   proxy (also known as a gateway) that requires BASIC or DIGEST authentication,
+   the following user properties must be set:
+   </p>
+   <ul>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.WS_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_USER_NAME
+     </code></li>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.WS_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_PASSWORD
+     </code></li>
+   </ul>
+   <p>Optionally, the WebSocket client can be configured only to send
+   credentials if the server authentication challenge includes a specific realm
+   by defining that realm in the optional user property:</p>
+   <ul>
+     <li><code>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.WS_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REALM</code>
+     </li>
+   </ul>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/websocketapi/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/websocketapi/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5e7966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/websocketapi/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>API docs</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+The WebSocket Javadoc is not installed by default. Download and install
+the "fulldocs" package to get it.
+
+You can also access the javadoc online in the Tomcat
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/">
+documentation bundle</a>.
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/windows-auth-howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/windows-auth-howto.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd6379a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/docs/windows-auth-howto.html
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Windows Authentication How-To</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Windows Authentication How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#Built-in_Tomcat_support">Built-in Tomcat support</a><ol><li><a href="#Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</a></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_instance_(Windows_server)">Tomcat instance (Windows server)</a></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_instance_(Linux_server)">Tomcat instance (Linux server)</a></li><li><a href="#Web_application">Web application</a></li><li><a href="#Client">Client</a></li><li><a href="#References">References</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Third_party_libraries">Third party libraries</a><ol><li><a href="#Waffle">Waffle</a></li><li><a href="#Spring_Security_-_Kerberos_Extension">Spring Security - Kerberos Extension</a></li><li><a href="#Jespa">Jespa</a></li><li><a href="#SPNEGO_AD_project_at_SourceForge">SPNEGO AD project at SourceForge</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Reverse_proxies">Reverse proxies</a><ol><li><a href="#Microsoft_IIS">Microsoft IIS</a></li><li><a href="#Apache_httpd">Apache httpd</a></li></ol></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Integrated Windows authentication is most frequently used within intranet
+environments since it requires that the server performing the authentication and
+the user being authenticated are part of the same domain. For the user to be
+authenticated automatically, the client machine used by the user must also be
+part of the domain.</p>
+<p>There are several options for implementing integrated Windows authentication
+with Apache Tomcat. They are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Built-in Tomcat support.</li>
+<li>Use a third party library such as Waffle.</li>
+<li>Use a reverse proxy that supports Windows authentication to perform the
+authentication step such as IIS or httpd.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The configuration of each of these options is discussed in the following
+sections.</p>
+</div><h3 id="Built-in_Tomcat_support">Built-in Tomcat support</h3><div class="text">
+<p>Kerberos (the basis for integrated Windows authentication) requires careful
+configuration. If the steps in this guide are followed exactly, then a working
+configuration will result. It is important that the steps below are followed
+exactly. There is very little scope for flexibility in the configuration. From
+the testing to date it is known that:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The host name used to access the Tomcat server must match the host name in
+the SPN exactly else authentication will fail. A checksum error may be reported
+in the debug logs in this case.</li>
+<li>The client must be of the view that the server is part of the local trusted
+intranet.</li>
+<li>The SPN must be HTTP/&lt;hostname&gt; and it must be exactly the same in all
+the places it is used.</li>
+<li>The port number must not be included in the SPN.</li>
+<li>No more than one SPN may be mapped to a domain user.</li>
+<li>Tomcat must run as the domain account with which the SPN has been associated
+or as domain admin. It is <strong>NOT</strong> recommended to run Tomcat under a
+domain admin user.</li>
+<li>Convention is that the domain name (<code>dev.local</code>) is always used in
+lower case. The domain name is typically not case sensitive.</li>
+<li>Convention is that the Kerberos realm name (<code>DEV.LOCAL</code>) is always
+used in upper case. The realm name <strong>is</strong> case sensitive.</li>
+<li>The domain must be specified when using the ktpass command.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>There are four components to the configuration of the built-in Tomcat
+support for Windows authentication. The domain controller, the server hosting
+Tomcat, the web application wishing to use Windows authentication and the client
+machine. The following sections describe the configuration required for each
+component.</p>
+<p>The names of the three machines used in the configuration examples below are
+win-dc01.dev.local (the domain controller), win-tc01.dev.local (the Tomcat
+instance) and win-pc01.dev.local (client). All are members of the
+<code>dev.local</code> domain.</p>
+<p>Note: In order to use the passwords in the steps below, the domain password
+policy had to be relaxed. This is not recommended for production environments.
+</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Domain_Controller">Domain Controller</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>These steps assume that the server has already been configured to act as a
+  domain controller. Configuration of a Windows server as a domain controller is
+  outside the scope of this how-to. The steps to configure the domain controller
+  to enable Tomcat to support Windows authentication are as follows:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>Create a domain user that will be mapped to the service name used by the
+  Tomcat server. In this how-to, this user is called <code>tc01</code> and has a
+  password of <code>tc01pass</code>.</li>
+  <li>Map the service principal name (SPN) to the user account. SPNs take the
+  form <code>
+  &lt;service class&gt;/&lt;host&gt;:&lt;port&gt;/&lt;service name&gt;</code>.
+  The SPN used in this how-to is <code>HTTP/win-tc01.dev.local</code>. To
+  map the user to the SPN, run the following:
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>setspn -A HTTP/win-tc01.dev.local tc01</code></pre></div>
+  </li>
+  <li>Generate the keytab file that the Tomcat server will use to authenticate
+  itself to the domain controller. This file contains the Tomcat private key for
+  the service provider account and should be protected accordingly. To generate
+  the file, run the following command (all on a single line):
+  <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>ktpass /out c:\tomcat.keytab /mapuser tc01@DEV.LOCAL
+          /princ HTTP/win-tc01.dev.local@DEV.LOCAL
+          /pass tc01pass /kvno 0</code></pre></div></li>
+  <li>Create a domain user to be used on the client. In this how-to the domain
+  user is <code>test</code> with a password of <code>testpass</code>.</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>The above steps have been tested on a domain controller running Windows
+  Server 2019 Standard using the Windows Server 2016 functional level
+  for both the forest and the domain.
+  </p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_instance_(Windows_server)">Tomcat instance (Windows server)</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>These steps assume that Tomcat and a Java 8 JDK/JRE have already been
+  installed and configured and that Tomcat is running as the tc01@dev.local
+  user. The steps to configure the Tomcat instance for Windows authentication
+  are as follows:
+  </p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>Copy the <code>tomcat.keytab</code> file created on the domain controller
+  to <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat.keytab</code>.</li>
+  <li>Create the kerberos configuration file
+  <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/krb5.ini</code>. The file used in this how-to
+  contained:<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>[libdefaults]
+default_realm = DEV.LOCAL
+default_keytab_name = FILE:c:\apache-tomcat-9.0.x\conf\tomcat.keytab
+default_tkt_enctypes = rc4-hmac,aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96,aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96
+default_tgs_enctypes = rc4-hmac,aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96,aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96
+forwardable=true
+
+[realms]
+DEV.LOCAL = {
+        kdc = win-dc01.dev.local:88
+}
+
+[domain_realm]
+dev.local= DEV.LOCAL
+.dev.local= DEV.LOCAL</code></pre></div>
+  The location of this file can be changed by setting the
+  <code>java.security.krb5.conf</code> system property.</li>
+  <li>Create the JAAS login configuration file
+  <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/jaas.conf</code>. The file used in this how-to
+  contained:<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>com.sun.security.jgss.krb5.initiate {
+    com.sun.security.auth.module.Krb5LoginModule required
+    doNotPrompt=true
+    principal="HTTP/win-tc01.dev.local@DEV.LOCAL"
+    useKeyTab=true
+    keyTab="c:/apache-tomcat-9.0.x/conf/tomcat.keytab"
+    storeKey=true;
+};
+
+com.sun.security.jgss.krb5.accept {
+    com.sun.security.auth.module.Krb5LoginModule required
+    doNotPrompt=true
+    principal="HTTP/win-tc01.dev.local@DEV.LOCAL"
+    useKeyTab=true
+    keyTab="c:/apache-tomcat-9.0.x/conf/tomcat.keytab"
+    storeKey=true;
+};</code></pre></div>
+  The location of this file can be changed by setting the
+  <code>java.security.auth.login.config</code> system property. The LoginModule
+  used is a JVM specific one so ensure that the LoginModule specified matches
+  the JVM being used. The name of the login configuration must match the
+  value used by the <a href="config/valve.html#SPNEGO_Valve">authentication
+  valve</a>.</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>The SPNEGO authenticator will work with any <a href="config/realm.html">
+  Realm</a> but if used with the JNDI Realm, by default the JNDI Realm will use
+  the user's delegated credentials to connect to the Active Directory. If
+  only the authenticated user name is required then the AuthenticatedUserRealm
+  may be used that will simply return a Principal based on the authenticated
+  user name that does not have any roles.</p>
+  <p>The above steps have been tested on a Tomcat server running Windows Server
+  2019 Standard with AdoptOpenJDK 8u232-b09 (64-bit).</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_instance_(Linux_server)">Tomcat instance (Linux server)</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>This was tested with:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>Java 1.7.0, update 45, 64-bit</li>
+  <li>Ubuntu Server 12.04.3 LTS 64-bit</li>
+  <li>Tomcat 8.0.x (r1546570)</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>It should work with any Tomcat release although it is recommended that
+  the latest stable release is used.</p>
+  <p>The configuration is the same as for Windows but with the following
+  changes:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>The Linux server does not have to be part of the Windows domain.</li>
+  <li>The path to the keytab file in krb5.ini and jaas.conf should be updated
+      to reflect the path to the keytab file on the Linux server using Linux
+      style file paths (e.g. /usr/local/tomcat/...).</li>
+  </ul>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Web_application">Web application</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>The web application needs to be configured to the use Tomcat specific
+  authentication method of <code>SPNEGO</code> (rather than BASIC etc.) in
+  web.xml. As with the other authenticators, behaviour can be customised by
+  explicitly configuring the <a href="config/valve.html#SPNEGO_Valve">
+  authentication valve</a> and setting attributes on the Valve.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Client">Client</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>The client must be configured to use Kerberos authentication. For Internet
+  Explorer this means making sure that the Tomcat instance is in the "Local
+  intranet" security domain and that it is configured (Tools &gt; Internet
+  Options &gt; Advanced) with integrated Windows authentication enabled. Note that
+  this <strong>will not</strong> work if you use the same machine for the client
+  and the Tomcat instance as Internet Explorer will use the unsupported NTLM
+  protocol.</p>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="References">References</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>Correctly configuring Kerberos authentication can be tricky. The following
+  references may prove helpful. Advice is also always available from the
+  <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-users">Tomcat users
+  mailing list</a>.</p>
+  <ol>
+  <li><a href="http://www.adopenstatic.com/cs/blogs/ken/archive/2006/10/19/512.aspx">
+      IIS and Kerberos</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://spnego.sourceforge.net/index.html">
+      SPNEGO project at SourceForge</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/jgss/tutorials/index.html">
+      Oracle Java GSS-API tutorial (Java 7)</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/jgss/tutorials/Troubleshooting.html">
+      Oracle Java GSS-API tutorial - Troubleshooting (Java 7)</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/GMOxDOC21/Using+SPNEGO+in+Geronimo#UsingSPNEGOinGeronimo-SettinguptheDomainControllerMachine">
+      Geronimo configuration for Windows authentication</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/openspecification/archive/2010/11/17/encryption-type-selection-in-kerberos-exchanges.aspx">
+      Encryption Selection in Kerberos Exchanges</a></li>
+  <li><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/977321">Supported Kerberos Cipher
+      Suites</a></li>
+  </ol>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Third_party_libraries">Third party libraries</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Waffle">Waffle</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>Full details of this solution can be found through the
+  <a href="http://waffle.codeplex.com/" rel="nofollow">Waffle web site</a>. The
+  key features are:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>Drop-in solution</li>
+  <li>Simple configuration (no JAAS or Kerberos keytab configuration required)
+  </li>
+  <li>Uses a native library</li>
+  </ul>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Spring_Security_-_Kerberos_Extension">Spring Security - Kerberos Extension</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>Full details of this solution can be found through the
+  <a href="http://static.springsource.org/spring-security/site/extensions/krb/index.html" rel="nofollow"> Kerberos extension web site</a>. The key features are:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>Extension to Spring Security</li>
+  <li>Requires a Kerberos keytab file to be generated</li>
+  <li>Pure Java solution</li>
+  </ul>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Jespa">Jespa</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>Full details of this solution can be found through the
+  <a href="http://www.ioplex.com/" rel="nofollow">project web site.</a> The key
+  features are:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>Pure Java solution</li>
+  <li>Advanced Active Directory integration</li>
+  </ul>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="SPNEGO_AD_project_at_SourceForge">SPNEGO AD project at SourceForge</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>Full details of this solution can be found through the
+  <a href="http://tomcatspnegoad.sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow">project
+  site</a>. The key features are:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>Pure Java solution</li>
+  <li>SPNEGO/Kerberos Authenticator</li>
+  <li>Active Directory Realm</li>
+  </ul>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Reverse_proxies">Reverse proxies</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Microsoft_IIS">Microsoft IIS</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>There are three steps to configuring IIS to provide Windows authentication.
+  They are:</p>
+  <ol>
+  <li>Configure IIS as a reverse proxy for Tomcat (see the
+  <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/webserver_howto/iis.html">
+  IIS Web Server How-To)</a>.</li>
+  <li>Configure IIS to use Windows authentication</li>
+  <li>Configure Tomcat to use the authentication user information from IIS by
+  setting the tomcatAuthentication attribute on the <a href="config/ajp.html">
+  AJP connector</a> to <code>false</code>. Alternatively, set the
+  tomcatAuthorization attribute to <code>true</code> to allow IIS to
+  authenticate, while Tomcat performs the authorization.</li>
+  </ol>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Apache_httpd">Apache httpd</h4><div class="text">
+  <p>Apache httpd does not support Windows authentication out of the box but
+  there are a number of third-party modules that can be used. These include:</p>
+  <ol>
+  <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-auth-sspi/" rel="nofollow">mod_auth_sspi</a> for use on Windows platforms.</li>
+  <li><a href="http://adldap.sourceforge.net/wiki/doku.php?id=mod_auth_ntlm_winbind" rel="nofollow">mod_auth_ntlm_winbind</a> for non-Windows platforms. Known to
+  work with httpd 2.0.x on 32-bit platforms. Some users have reported stability
+  issues with both httpd 2.2.x builds and 64-bit Linux builds.</li>
+  </ol>
+  <p>There are three steps to configuring httpd to provide Windows
+  authentication. They are:</p>
+  <ol>
+  <li>Configure httpd as a reverse proxy for Tomcat (see the
+  <a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/webserver_howto/apache.html">
+  Apache httpd Web Server How-To)</a>.</li>
+  <li>Configure httpd to use Windows authentication</li>
+  <li>Configure Tomcat to use the authentication user information from httpd by
+  setting the tomcatAuthentication attribute on the <a href="config/ajp.html">
+  AJP connector</a> to <code>false</code>.</li>
+  </ol>
+  </div></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat">
+<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.75) - Windows Service How-To</title><meta name="author" content="Mladen Turk"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
+            Version 9.0.75,
+            <time datetime="2023-05-04">May 4 2023</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Windows Service How-To</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
+<ul><li><a href="#Tomcat_monitor_application">Tomcat monitor application</a><ol><li><a href="#Tomcat_monitor_application/Command_line_directives">Command line directives</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Tomcat_service_application">Tomcat service application</a><ol><li><a href="#Tomcat_service_application/Command_line_directives">Command line directives</a></li><li><a href="#Command_line_parameters">Command line parameters</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Installing_services">Installing services</a></li><li><a href="#Updating_services">Updating services</a></li><li><a href="#Removing_services">Removing services</a></li><li><a href="#Debugging_services">Debugging services</a></li><li><a href="#Multiple_Instances">Multiple Instances</a></li></ul>
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_monitor_application">Tomcat monitor application</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p><b>Tomcat9w</b> is a GUI application for monitoring and
+  configuring Tomcat services.</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_monitor_application/Command_line_directives">Command line directives</h4><div class="text">
+
+  <p>Each command line directive is in the form of
+  <code>//XX[//ServiceName]</code></p>
+
+  <p>If the <code>//ServiceName</code> component is omitted, then the service
+  name is assumed to be the name of the file less the w suffix. So the default
+  service name is <code>Tomcat9</code>.</p>
+
+  <p>The available command line directives are:</p>
+
+  <table class="defaultTable">
+    <tr>
+      <td><b>//ES</b></td>
+      <td>Edit service configuration</td>
+      <td>This is the default operation. It is called if the no option is
+          provided. Starts the GUI application which allows the service
+          configuration to be modified, started and stopped.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><b>//MS</b></td>
+      <td>Monitor service</td>
+      <td>Starts the GUI application and minimizes it to the system tray.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><b>//MR</b></td>
+      <td>Monitor &amp; run service</td>
+      <td>Starts the GUI application and minimizes it to the system tray. Start
+          the service if it is not currently running.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><b>//MQ</b></td>
+      <td>Monitor quit</td>
+      <td>Stop any running monitor for the service.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+</div></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Tomcat_service_application">Tomcat service application</h3><div class="text">
+
+  <p><b>Tomcat9</b> is a service application for running Tomcat
+  9 as a Windows service.</p>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tomcat_service_application/Command_line_directives">Command line directives</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Each command line directive is in the form of
+    <code>//XX[//ServiceName]</code></p>
+
+    <p>The available command line directives are:</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable">
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//TS</b></td>
+        <td>Run the service as console application</td>
+        <td>This is the default operation. It is called if the no option is
+            provided. The ServiceName is the name of the executable without
+            exe suffix, meaning Tomcat9</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//RS</b></td>
+        <td>Run the service</td>
+        <td>Called only from ServiceManager</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//ES</b></td>
+        <td>Start (execute) the service</td>
+        <td></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//SS</b></td>
+        <td>Stop the service</td>
+        <td></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//US</b></td>
+        <td>Update service parameters</td>
+        <td></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//IS</b></td>
+        <td>Install service</td>
+        <td></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//DS</b></td>
+        <td>Delete service</td>
+        <td>Stops the service if running</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//PS</b></td>
+        <td>Print service</td>
+        <td>Prints the command to (re-)create the current configuration</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//PP[//seconds]</b></td>
+        <td>Pause service</td>
+        <td>Default is 60 seconds</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//VS</b></td>
+        <td>Version</td>
+        <td>Print version and exit</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td><b>//?</b></td>
+        <td>Help</td>
+        <td>Print usage and exit</td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+  </div></div>
+
+  <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Command_line_parameters">Command line parameters</h4><div class="text">
+
+    <p>Each command line parameter is prefixed with <code>--</code>. If the
+    command line parameter is prefixed with <code>++</code>, and the parameter
+    supports multiple values, then it's value will be appended to the existing
+    option. In the table below, parameters that support multiple values are
+    prefixed with <code>++</code>.</p>
+
+    <p>If the environment variable with the same name as command line parameter
+    but prefixed with <code>PR_</code> exists it will take precedence. For
+    example:</p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>set PR_CLASSPATH=xx.jar</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p>is equivalent to providing</p>
+
+    <div class="codeBox"><pre><code>--Classpath=xx.jar</code></pre></div>
+
+    <p> as command line parameter.</p>
+
+    <table class="defaultTable">
+      <tr>
+        <th>ParameterName</th>
+        <th>Default</th>
+        <th>Description</th>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--Description</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Service name description (maximum 1024 characters)</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--DisplayName</td>
+        <td>ServiceName</td>
+        <td>Service display name</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--Install</td>
+        <td>procrun.exe //RS//ServiceName</td>
+        <td>Install image</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--Startup</td>
+        <td>manual</td>
+        <td>Service startup mode can be either <b>auto</b> or <b>manual</b></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>++DependsOn</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>List of services that this service depend on. Dependent services are
+            separated using either <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>++Environment</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>List of environment variables that will be provided to the service
+            in the form <b>key=value</b>. They are separated using either
+            <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters. If you need to use either the
+            <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> character within a value then the entire value
+            must be enclosed inside single quotes.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--User</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>User account used for running executable. It is used only for
+            StartMode <b>java</b> or <b>exe</b> and enables running applications
+            as service under account without LogonAsService privilege.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--Password</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Password for user account set by --User parameter</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--ServiceUser</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Specifies the name of the account under which the service should
+            run. Use an account name in the form
+            <code>DomainName\UserName</code>. The service process will be logged
+            on as this user. if the account belongs to the built-in domain, you
+            can specify <code>.\UserName</code>. Note that the Service Control
+            Manager does not accept localised forms of the standard names so to
+            use them you need to specify <code>NT Authority\LocalService</code>,
+            <code>NT Authority\NetworkService</code> or <code>LocalSystem</code>
+            as appropriate.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--ServicePassword</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Password for user account set by --ServiceUser parameter</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--LibraryPath</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Directory added to the search path used to locate the DLLs for the
+            JVM. This directory is added both in front of the <code>PATH</code>
+            environment variable and as a parameter to the
+            <code>SetDLLDirectory</code> function.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--JavaHome</td>
+        <td>JAVA_HOME</td>
+        <td>Set a different JAVA_HOME than defined by JAVA_HOME environment
+            variable</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--Jvm</td>
+        <td>auto</td>
+        <td>Use either <b>auto</b> (i.e. find the JVM from the Windows registry)
+            or specify the full path to the <b>jvm.dll</b>.
+            You can use the environment variable expansion here.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>++JvmOptions</td>
+        <td>-Xrs</td>
+        <td>List of options in the form of <b>-D</b> or <b>-X</b> that will be
+            passed to the JVM. The options are separated using either
+            <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters. If you need to embed either <b>#</b> or
+            <b>;</b> characters, put them inside single quotes. (Not used in
+            <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>++JvmOptions9</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>List of options in the form of <b>-D</b> or <b>-X</b> that will be
+            passed to the JVM when running on Java 9 or later. The options are
+            separated using either <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters. If you need
+            to embed either <b>#</b> or <b>;</b> characters, put them inside
+            single quotes. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--Classpath</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Set the Java classpath. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--JvmMs</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Initial memory pool size in MB. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--JvmMx</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Maximum memory pool size in MB. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--JvmSs</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Thread stack size in KB. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.)</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StartMode</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>One of <b>jvm</b>, <b>Java</b> or <b>exe</b>. The modes are:
+          <ul>
+            <li>jvm - start Java in-process. Depends on jvm.dll, see
+                <b>--Jvm</b>.</li>
+            <li>Java - same as exe, but automatically uses the default Java
+                executable, i.e. %JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe. Make sure JAVA_HOME
+                is set correctly, or use --JavaHome to provide the correct
+                location. If neither is set, procrun will try to find the
+                default JDK (not JRE) from the Windows registry.</li>
+            <li>exe - run the image as a separate process</li>
+          </ul>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StartImage</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Executable that will be run. Only applies to <b>exe</b> mode.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StartPath</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Working path for the start image executable.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StartClass</td>
+        <td>Main</td>
+        <td>Class that contains the startup method. Applies to the <b>jvm</b> and
+            <b>Java</b> modes. (Not used in <b>exe</b> mode.) </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StartMethod</td>
+        <td>main</td>
+        <td>Method name if differs then main</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>++StartParams</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>List of parameters that will be passed to either StartImage or
+            StartClass. Parameters are separated using either <b>#</b> or
+            <b>;</b> character.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StopMode</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>One of <b>jvm</b>, <b>Java</b> or <b>exe</b>. See <b>--StartMode</b>
+            for further details. </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+      <td>--StopImage</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Executable that will be run on Stop service signal. Only applies to
+            <b>exe</b> mode.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StopPath</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Working path for the stop image executable. Does not apply to
+            <b>jvm</b> mode.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StopClass</td>
+        <td>Main</td>
+        <td>Class that will be used on Stop service signal. Applies to the
+            <b>jvm</b> and <b>Java</b> modes. </td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StopMethod</td>
+        <td>main</td>
+        <td>Method name if differs then main</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StopParams</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>List of parameters that will be passed to either StopImage or
+            StopClass. Parameters are separated using either <b>#</b> or
+            <b>;</b> character.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>++StopTimeout</td>
+        <td>No Timeout</td>
+        <td>Defines the timeout in seconds that procrun waits for service to
+            exit gracefully.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--LogPath</td>
+        <td>%SystemRoot%\System32\LogFiles\Apache</td>
+        <td>Defines the path for logging. Creates the directory if
+            necessary.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--LogPrefix</td>
+        <td>commons-daemon</td>
+        <td>Defines the service log filename prefix. The log file is created in
+            the LogPath directory with <code>.YEAR-MONTH-DAY.log</code>
+            suffix</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--LogLevel</td>
+        <td>Info</td>
+        <td>Defines the logging level and can be either <b>Error</b>,
+            <b>Info</b>, <b>Warn</b> or <b>Debug</b>. (Case insensitive).</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--LogJniMessages</td>
+        <td>0</td>
+        <td>Set this non-zero (e.g. 1) to capture JVM jni debug messages in the
+            procrun log file. Is not needed if stdout/stderr redirection is
+            being used. Only applies to jvm mode.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StdOutput</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Redirected stdout filename.
+            If named <b>auto</b> then file is created inside <b>LogPath</b> with
+            the name <b>service-stdout.YEAR-MONTH-DAY.log</b>.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--StdError</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Redirected stderr filename.
+            If named <b>auto</b> then file is created inside <b>LogPath</b> with
+            the name <b>service-stderr.YEAR-MONTH-DAY.log</b>.</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>--PidFile</td>
+        <td></td>
+        <td>Defines the file name for storing the running process id. Actual
+        file is created in the <b>LogPath</b> directory</td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+  </div></div>
+</div><h3 id="Installing_services">Installing services</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+The safest way to manually install the service is to use the provided
+<b>service.bat</b> script. Administrator privileges are required to run this
+script. If necessary, you can use the <code>/user</code> switch to specify
+a user to use for the installation of the service.
+</p>
+<p>
+<strong>NOTE:</strong> If User Account Control (UAC) is enabled you will be
+asked for additional privileges when 'Tomcat9.exe' is launched by
+the script.<br>
+If you want to pass additional options to service installer as
+<code>PR_*</code> environment variables, you have to either configure them
+globally in OS, or launch the program that sets them with elevated privileges
+(e.g. right-click on cmd.exe and select "Run as administrator"; on Windows 8
+(or later) or Windows Server 2012 (or later), you can open an elevated command
+prompt for the current directory from the Explorer
+by clicking on the "File" menu bar). See issue <a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=56143">56143</a> for details.
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Install the service named 'Tomcat9'
+C:\&gt; service.bat install</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>There is a 2nd optional parameter that lets you specify the name of the
+service, as displayed in Windows services.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Install the service named 'MyService'
+C:\&gt; service.bat install MyService</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>When installing the service with a non-default name,
+tomcat9.exe and tomcat9w.exe may be renamed to
+match the chosen service name. To do this, use the <code>--rename</code>
+option.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Install the service named 'MyService' with renaming
+C:\&gt; service.bat install MyService --rename</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+If using tomcat9.exe, you need to use the <b>//IS</b> parameter.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Install the service named 'Tomcat9'
+C:\&gt; tomcat9 //IS//Tomcat9 --DisplayName="Apache Tomcat 9" ^
+     --Install="C:\Program Files\Tomcat\bin\tomcat9.exe" --Jvm=auto ^
+     --StartMode=jvm --StopMode=jvm ^
+     --StartClass=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap --StartParams=start ^
+     --StopClass=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap --StopParams=stop</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Updating_services">Updating services</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+To update the service parameters, you need to use the <b>//US</b> parameter.
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Update the service named 'Tomcat9'
+C:\&gt; tomcat9 //US//Tomcat9 --Description="Apache Tomcat Server - https://tomcat.apache.org/ " ^
+     --Startup=auto --Classpath=%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>If you gave the service an optional name, you need to specify it like this:
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Update the service named 'MyService'
+C:\&gt; tomcat9 //US//MyService --Description="Apache Tomcat Server - https://tomcat.apache.org/ " ^
+     --Startup=auto --Classpath=%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Removing_services">Removing services</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+To remove the service, you need to use the <b>//DS</b> parameter.<br>
+If the service is running it will be stopped and then deleted.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Remove the service named 'Tomcat9'
+C:\&gt; tomcat9 //DS//Tomcat9</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>If you gave the service an optional name, you need to specify it like this:
+</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Remove the service named 'MyService'
+C:\&gt; tomcat9 //DS//MyService</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Debugging_services">Debugging services</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+To run the service in console mode, you need to use the <b>//TS</b> parameter.
+The service shutdown can be initiated by pressing <b>CTRL+C</b> or
+<b>CTRL+BREAK</b>.
+If you rename the tomcat9.exe to testservice.exe then you can just execute the
+testservice.exe and this command mode will be executed by default.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Run the service named 'Tomcat9' in console mode
+C:\&gt; tomcat9 //TS//Tomcat9 [additional arguments]
+Or simply execute:
+C:\&gt; tomcat9</code></pre></div>
+
+</div><h3 id="Multiple_Instances">Multiple Instances</h3><div class="text">
+<p>
+Tomcat supports installation of multiple instances. You can have a single
+installation of Tomcat with multiple instances running on different IP/port
+combinations, or multiple Tomcat versions, each running one or more instances on
+different IP/ports.</p>
+<p>
+Each instance folder will need the following structure:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>conf</li>
+<li>logs</li>
+<li>temp</li>
+<li>webapps</li>
+<li>work</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+At a minimum, conf should contain a copy of the following files from
+CATALINA_HOME\conf\. Any files not copied and edited, will be picked up by
+default from CATALINA_HOME\conf, i.e. CATALINA_BASE\conf files override defaults
+from CATALINA_HOME\conf.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>server.xml</li>
+<li>web.xml</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+You must edit CATALINA_BASE\conf\server.xml to specify a unique IP/port for the
+instance to listen on. Find the line that contains
+<code>&lt;Connector port="8080" ...</code> and add an address attribute and/or
+update the port number so as to specify a unique IP/port combination.</p>
+<p>
+To install an instance, first set the CATALINA_HOME environment variable to the
+name of the Tomcat installation directory. Then create a second environment
+variable CATALINA_BASE and point this to the instance folder. Then run
+"service.bat install" command specifying a service name.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>set CATALINA_HOME=c:\tomcat_9
+set CATALINA_BASE=c:\tomcat_9\instances\instance1
+service.bat install instance1</code></pre></div>
+
+<p>
+To modify the service settings, you can run <b>tomcat9w //ES//instance1</b>.
+</p>
+<p>
+For additional instances, create additional instance folder, update the
+CATALINA_BASE environment variable, and run the "service.bat install" again.</p>
+
+<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>set CATALINA_BASE=c:\tomcat_9\instances\instance2
+service.bat install instance2</code></pre></div>
+
+</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
+    Copyright &copy; 1999-2023, The Apache Software Foundation
+    </div></footer></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/META-INF/context.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/META-INF/context.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ae7e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/META-INF/context.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Context>
+  <CookieProcessor className="org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor"
+                   sameSiteCookies="strict" />
+  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
+</Context>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/CookieExample.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/CookieExample.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b0d100
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/CookieExample.class differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/CookieExample.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/CookieExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbf375e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/CookieExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
+
+import util.CookieFilter;
+import util.HTMLFilter;
+
+/**
+ * Example servlet showing request headers
+ *
+ * @author James Duncan Davidson &lt;duncan@eng.sun.com>
+ */
+
+public class CookieExample extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("LocalStrings",request.getLocale());
+
+        String cookieName = request.getParameter("cookiename");
+        String cookieValue = request.getParameter("cookievalue");
+        Cookie aCookie = null;
+        if (cookieName != null && cookieValue != null) {
+            aCookie = new Cookie(cookieName, cookieValue);
+            aCookie.setPath(request.getContextPath() + "/");
+            response.addCookie(aCookie);
+        }
+
+        response.setContentType("text/html");
+        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        out.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
+        out.println("<head>");
+        out.println("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\" />");
+
+        String title = rb.getString("cookies.title");
+        out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>");
+        out.println("</head>");
+        out.println("<body bgcolor=\"white\">");
+
+        // relative links
+
+        // XXX
+        // making these absolute till we work out the
+        // addition of a PathInfo issue
+
+        out.println("<a href=\"../cookies.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/code.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"view code\"></a>");
+        out.println("<a href=\"../index.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/return.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"return\"></a>");
+
+        out.println("<h3>" + title + "</h3>");
+
+        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
+        if ((cookies != null) && (cookies.length > 0)) {
+            HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
+            String sessionId = null;
+            if (session != null) {
+                sessionId = session.getId();
+            }
+            out.println(rb.getString("cookies.cookies") + "<br>");
+            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
+                String cName = cookie.getName();
+                String cValue = cookie.getValue();
+                out.print("Cookie Name: " + HTMLFilter.filter(cName) + "<br>");
+                out.println("  Cookie Value: "
+                        + HTMLFilter.filter(CookieFilter.filter(cName, cValue, sessionId))
+                        + "<br><br>");
+            }
+        } else {
+            out.println(rb.getString("cookies.no-cookies"));
+        }
+
+        if (aCookie != null) {
+            out.println("<P>");
+            out.println(rb.getString("cookies.set") + "<br>");
+            out.print(rb.getString("cookies.name") + "  "
+                      + HTMLFilter.filter(cookieName) + "<br>");
+            out.print(rb.getString("cookies.value") + "  "
+                      + HTMLFilter.filter(cookieValue));
+        }
+
+        out.println("<P>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("cookies.make-cookie") + "<br>");
+        out.print("<form action=\"");
+        out.println("CookieExample\" method=POST>");
+        out.print(rb.getString("cookies.name") + "  ");
+        out.println("<input type=text length=20 name=cookiename><br>");
+        out.print(rb.getString("cookies.value") + "  ");
+        out.println("<input type=text length=20 name=cookievalue><br>");
+        out.println("<input type=submit></form>");
+
+
+        out.println("</body>");
+        out.println("</html>");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        doGet(request, response);
+    }
+
+}
+
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/HelloWorldExample.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/HelloWorldExample.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..700988e
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/HelloWorldExample.class differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/HelloWorldExample.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/HelloWorldExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15911e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/HelloWorldExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+/**
+ * The simplest possible servlet.
+ *
+ * @author James Duncan Davidson
+ */
+
+public class HelloWorldExample extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        ResourceBundle rb =
+            ResourceBundle.getBundle("LocalStrings",request.getLocale());
+        response.setContentType("text/html");
+        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+
+        out.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
+        out.println("<head>");
+        out.println("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\" />");
+
+        String title = rb.getString("helloworld.title");
+
+        out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>");
+        out.println("</head>");
+        out.println("<body bgcolor=\"white\">");
+
+        // note that all links are created to be relative. this
+        // ensures that we can move the web application that this
+        // servlet belongs to a different place in the url
+        // tree and not have any harmful side effects.
+
+        // XXX
+        // making these absolute till we work out the
+        // addition of a PathInfo issue
+
+        out.println("<a href=\"../helloworld.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/code.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"view code\"></a>");
+        out.println("<a href=\"../index.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/return.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"return\"></a>");
+        out.println("<h1>" + title + "</h1>");
+        out.println("</body>");
+        out.println("</html>");
+    }
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2791a66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.cookies=Your browser is sending the following cookies:
+cookies.make-cookie=Create a cookie to send to your browser
+cookies.name=Name:
+cookies.no-cookies=Your browser isn't sending any cookies
+cookies.set=You just sent the following cookie to your browser:
+cookies.title=Cookies Example
+cookies.value=Value:
+
+helloworld.title=Hello World!
+
+requestheader.title=Request Header Example
+
+requestinfo.label.method=Method:
+requestinfo.label.pathinfo=Path Info:
+requestinfo.label.protocol=Protocol:
+requestinfo.label.remoteaddr=Remote Address:
+requestinfo.label.requesturi=Request URI:
+requestinfo.title=Request Information Example
+
+requestparams.firstname=First Name:
+requestparams.lastname=Last Name:
+requestparams.no-params=No Parameters, Please enter some
+requestparams.params-in-req=Parameters in this request:
+requestparams.title=Request Parameters Example
+
+sessions.adddata=Add data to your session
+sessions.created=Created:
+sessions.data=The following data is in your session:
+sessions.dataname=Name of Session Attribute:
+sessions.datavalue=Value of Session Attribute:
+sessions.id=Session ID:
+sessions.lastaccessed=Last Accessed:
+sessions.title=Sessions Example
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_cs.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_cs.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbb921d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_cs.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.make-cookie=Vytvo\u0159te cookie pro zasl\u00e1n\u00ed do Va\u0161eho prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de
+
+requestheader.title=P\u0159\u00edklad hlavi\u010dky dotazu
+
+requestparams.firstname=K\u0159estn\u00ed jm\u00e9no:
+requestparams.no-params=\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd parametr, vlo\u017ete n\u011bjak\u00fd pros\u00edm
+requestparams.title=P\u0159\u00edklad parametr\u016f dotazu
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_de.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_de.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..697de27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_de.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.make-cookie=Erzeuge ein Cookie um es an deinen Browser zu senden
+cookies.name=Name:
+
+requestheader.title=Request-Header Beispiel
+
+requestinfo.label.protocol=Protokoll:
+requestinfo.label.requesturi=Anfrage-URI:
+
+requestparams.firstname=Vorname:
+requestparams.no-params=Keine Parameter, bitte geben Sie welche ein
+requestparams.title=Beispiel f\u00fcr Anfrageparameter
+
+sessions.title=Sessions-Beispiel
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_es.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_es.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cbe29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_es.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.cookies=Tu navegador est\u00e1 enviando los siguientes cookies:
+cookies.make-cookie=Crea un cookie para enviarlo a tu navegador
+cookies.name=Nombre:
+cookies.no-cookies=Tu navegador no est\u00e1 enviando cookies
+cookies.set=Acabas de enviar a tu navegador estos cookies:
+cookies.title=Ejemplo de Cookies
+cookies.value=Valor:
+
+helloworld.title=Hola Mundo!
+
+requestheader.title=Ejemplo de Cabecera de Requerimiento:
+
+requestinfo.label.method=M\u00e9todo:
+requestinfo.label.pathinfo=Info de Ruta:
+requestinfo.label.protocol=Protocolo:
+requestinfo.label.remoteaddr=Direccion Remota:
+requestinfo.label.requesturi=URI de Requerimiento:
+requestinfo.title=Ejemplo de Informacion de Requerimiento:
+
+requestparams.firstname=Nombre:
+requestparams.lastname=Apellidos:
+requestparams.no-params=No hay p\u00e1rametro. Por favor, usa alguno
+requestparams.params-in-req=Par\u00e1metros en este Request:
+requestparams.title=Ejemplo de solicitud con par\u00e1metros:
+
+sessions.adddata=A\u00f1ade datos a tu sesi\u00f3n:
+sessions.created=Creado:
+sessions.data=Lo siguientes datos est\u00e1n en tu sesi\u00f3n:
+sessions.dataname=Nombre del atributo de sesi\u00f3n:
+sessions.datavalue=Valor del atributo de sesi\u00f3n:
+sessions.id=ID de Sesi\u00f3n:
+sessions.lastaccessed=Ultimo Acceso:
+sessions.title=Ejemplo de Sesiones
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_fr.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_fr.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f09c641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_fr.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.cookies=Votre navigateur retourne les cookies suivant :
+cookies.make-cookie=Cr\u00e9ation d'un cookie \u00e0 retourner \u00e0 votre navigateur
+cookies.name=Nom :
+cookies.no-cookies=Votre navigateur ne retourne aucun cookie
+cookies.set=Vous venez d'envoyer le cookie suivant \u00e0 votre navigateur :
+cookies.title=Exemple d'utilisation de Cookies
+cookies.value=Valeur :
+
+helloworld.title=Salut le Monde !
+
+requestheader.title=Exemple d'information sur les ent\u00eates de requ\u00eate
+
+requestinfo.label.method=M\u00e9thode :
+requestinfo.label.pathinfo=Info de chemin :
+requestinfo.label.protocol=Protocole :
+requestinfo.label.remoteaddr=Adresse distante :
+requestinfo.label.requesturi=URI de requ\u00eate :
+requestinfo.title=Exemple d'information sur la requ\u00eate
+
+requestparams.firstname=Pr\u00e9nom :
+requestparams.lastname=Nom :
+requestparams.no-params=Pas de param\u00eatre, merci d'en saisir quelques-uns
+requestparams.params-in-req=Param\u00eatres dans la requ\u00eate :
+requestparams.title=Exemple de Requ\u00eate avec Param\u00e8tres
+
+sessions.adddata=Ajouter des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 votre session
+sessions.created=Cr\u00e9e le :
+sessions.data=Les donn\u00e9es existantes dans votre session :
+sessions.dataname=Nom de l'Attribut de Session :
+sessions.datavalue=Valeur de l'Attribut de Session :
+sessions.id=ID de Session :
+sessions.lastaccessed=Dernier acc\u00e8s :
+sessions.title=Exemple de Sessions
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ja.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ja.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e316c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ja.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.cookies=\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u306e\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u304b\u3089\u6b21\u306eCookie\u304c\u9001\u4fe1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff1a
+cookies.make-cookie=\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u3078\u9001\u4fe1\u3059\u308b cookie \u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
+cookies.name=Name:
+cookies.no-cookies=\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u306f\u30af\u30c3\u30ad\u30fc\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002
+cookies.set=\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u306b cookie \u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
+cookies.title=Cookie \u4f8b
+cookies.value=\u5024\uff1a
+
+helloworld.title=Hello World!
+
+requestheader.title=\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u30d8\u30c3\u30c0\u4f8b
+
+requestinfo.label.method=\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\uff1a
+requestinfo.label.pathinfo=\u30d1\u30b9\u60c5\u5831\uff1a
+requestinfo.label.protocol=\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\uff1a
+requestinfo.label.remoteaddr=\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\uff1a
+requestinfo.label.requesturi=Request URI:
+requestinfo.title=\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u60c5\u5831\u4f8b
+
+requestparams.firstname=First Name:
+requestparams.lastname=Last Name:
+requestparams.no-params=\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f55\u304b\u5165\u529b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002
+requestparams.params-in-req=\u3053\u306e\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\uff1a
+requestparams.title=\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u4f8b
+
+sessions.adddata=\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059
+sessions.created=\u4f5c\u6210\uff1a
+sessions.data=\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff1a
+sessions.dataname=\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\uff1a
+sessions.datavalue=\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5c5e\u6027\u306e\u5024\uff1a
+sessions.id=\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3ID
+sessions.lastaccessed=\u6700\u7d42\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\uff1a
+sessions.title=\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4f8b
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ko.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ko.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d781dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ko.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.cookies=\uadc0\ud558\uc758 \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc800\uac00 \ub2e4\uc74c \ucfe0\ud0a4\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.
+cookies.make-cookie=\uadc0\ud558\uc758 \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc800\uc5d0 \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ucfe0\ud0a4 \uc0dd\uc131
+cookies.name=\uc774\ub984:
+cookies.no-cookies=\uadc0\ud558\uc758 \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc800\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ucfe0\ud0a4\ub3c4 \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.
+cookies.set=\uadc0\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ucfe0\ud0a4\ub97c, \uadc0\ud558\uc758 \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc800\uc5d0 \uc804\uc1a1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.
+cookies.title=\ucfe0\ud0a4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc608\uc81c
+cookies.value=\uac12:
+
+helloworld.title=\uc548\ub155 \uc138\uacc4\uc5ec!
+
+requestheader.title=\uc694\uccad\uc758 \ud5e4\ub354 \uc608\uc81c
+
+requestinfo.label.method=\uba54\uc18c\ub4dc:
+requestinfo.label.pathinfo=\uacbd\ub85c \uc815\ubcf4:
+requestinfo.label.protocol=\ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c:
+requestinfo.label.remoteaddr=\uc6d0\uaca9 \uc8fc\uc18c:
+requestinfo.label.requesturi=\uc694\uccad URI:
+requestinfo.title=\uc694\uccad \uc815\ubcf4 \uc608\uc81c
+
+requestparams.firstname=\uc774\ub984:
+requestparams.lastname=\uc131
+requestparams.no-params=\ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub4e4\uc744 \uc785\ub825\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.
+requestparams.params-in-req=\uc774 \uc694\uccad\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub4e4:
+requestparams.title=\uc694\uccad \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub4e4\uc758 \uc608\uc81c
+
+sessions.adddata=\uadc0\ud558\uc758 \uc138\uc158\uc5d0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucd94\uac00
+sessions.created=\uc0dd\uc131\uc2dc\uac04:
+sessions.data=\uadc0\ud558\uc758 \uc138\uc158\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:
+sessions.dataname=\uc138\uc158 \uc18d\uc131 \uc774\ub984:
+sessions.datavalue=\uc138\uc158 \uc18d\uc131 \uac12:
+sessions.id=\uc138\uc158 ID:
+sessions.lastaccessed=\ucd5c\uc885 \uc811\uadfc \uc2dc\uac04:
+sessions.title=\uc138\uc158\ub4e4\uc758 \uc608\uc81c
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_pt.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_pt.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b432741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_pt.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.cookies=O se browser esta a enviar os seguintes cookies:
+cookies.make-cookie=Crie um cookie para enviar para o seu browser
+cookies.name=Nome:
+cookies.no-cookies=O seu browser nao esta a enviar nenhuns cookies
+cookies.set=Acabou de enviar o seguinte cookie para o seu browser:
+cookies.title=CExamplo de Cookies
+cookies.value=Valor:
+
+helloworld.title=Ola Mundo!
+
+requestheader.title=Exemplo da Cebeceira do Pedido
+
+requestinfo.label.method=Metodo:
+requestinfo.label.pathinfo=Informacao do Caminho:
+requestinfo.label.protocol=Protocolo:
+requestinfo.label.remoteaddr=Endereco Remoto:
+requestinfo.label.requesturi=URI do Pedido:
+requestinfo.title=Exemplo da Informacao do Pedido
+
+requestparams.firstname=Primeiro Nome:
+requestparams.lastname=Apelido:
+requestparams.no-params=Sem Parametros, Por favor entre alguns
+requestparams.params-in-req=Parametros neste pedido:
+requestparams.title=Examplo de Parametros do Pedido
+
+sessions.adddata=Adicione data a sua sessao
+sessions.created=Criada:
+sessions.data=Os seguintes dados fazem parte da sua sessao:
+sessions.dataname=Nome do atributo da sessao:
+sessions.datavalue=Valor do atributo da Sessao:
+sessions.id=Identificador da Sessao:
+sessions.lastaccessed=Ultima vez acedida:
+sessions.title=Examplo de sessoes
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_pt_BR.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_pt_BR.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b52aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_pt_BR.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+requestparams.title=Exemplo de Par\u00e2metros de Requisi\u00e7\u00e3o
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ru.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ru.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45cc2ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_ru.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+requestparams.title=\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_zh_CN.properties b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_zh_CN.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..978234d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/LocalStrings_zh_CN.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+cookies.cookies=\u4f60\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u4e0b\u9762\u7684cookie\uff1a
+cookies.make-cookie=\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684cookie
+cookies.name=\u540d.\u79f0:
+cookies.no-cookies=\u4f60\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u4f55cookie
+cookies.set=\u4f60\u521a\u521a\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0bcookie\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff1a
+cookies.title=cookie\u793a\u4f8b
+cookies.value=\u503c\uff1a
+
+helloworld.title=\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c.
+
+requestheader.title=\u8bf7\u6c42 Header \u793a\u4f8b
+
+requestinfo.label.method=\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
+requestinfo.label.pathinfo=\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a
+requestinfo.label.protocol=\u534f\u8bae\uff1a
+requestinfo.label.remoteaddr=\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\uff1a
+requestinfo.label.requesturi=\u8bf7\u6c42 URI (:
+requestinfo.title=\u8bf7\u6c42\u4fe1\u606f\u8303\u4f8b
+
+requestparams.firstname=\u59d3\uff1a
+requestparams.lastname=\u59d3\u6c0f\uff1a
+requestparams.no-params=\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b
+requestparams.params-in-req=\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d.
+requestparams.title=\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u793a\u4f8b
+
+sessions.adddata=\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d
+sessions.created=\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff1a
+sessions.data=\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff1a
+sessions.dataname=\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\uff1a
+sessions.datavalue=\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\uff1a
+sessions.id=\u4f1a\u8bddID\uff1a
+sessions.lastaccessed=\u6700\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a
+sessions.title=\u4f1a\u8bdd.\u793a\u4f8b
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestHeaderExample.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestHeaderExample.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d276bc8
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestHeaderExample.class differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestHeaderExample.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestHeaderExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a80076c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestHeaderExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
+
+import util.CookieFilter;
+import util.HTMLFilter;
+
+/**
+ * Example servlet showing request headers
+ *
+ * @author James Duncan Davidson &lt;duncan@eng.sun.com>
+ */
+
+public class RequestHeaderExample extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("LocalStrings",request.getLocale());
+
+        response.setContentType("text/html");
+        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        out.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
+        out.println("<head>");
+        out.println("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\" />");
+
+        String title = rb.getString("requestheader.title");
+        out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>");
+        out.println("</head>");
+        out.println("<body bgcolor=\"white\">");
+
+        // all links relative
+
+        // XXX
+        // making these absolute till we work out the
+        // addition of a PathInfo issue
+
+        out.println("<a href=\"../reqheaders.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/code.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"view code\"></a>");
+        out.println("<a href=\"../index.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/return.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"return\"></a>");
+
+        out.println("<h3>" + title + "</h3>");
+        out.println("<table border=0>");
+        Enumeration<String> e = request.getHeaderNames();
+        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+            String headerName = e.nextElement();
+            String headerValue = request.getHeader(headerName);
+            out.println("<tr><td bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">");
+            out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(headerName));
+            out.println("</td><td>");
+            if (headerName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH).contains("cookie")) {
+                HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
+                String sessionId = null;
+                if (session != null) {
+                    sessionId = session.getId();
+                }
+                out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(CookieFilter.filter(headerValue, sessionId)));
+            } else {
+                out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(headerValue));
+            }
+            out.println("</td></tr>");
+        }
+        out.println("</table>");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        doGet(request, response);
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestInfoExample.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestInfoExample.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..855a60f
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestInfoExample.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestInfoExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ea4668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestInfoExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import util.HTMLFilter;
+
+/**
+ * Example servlet showing request information.
+ *
+ * @author James Duncan Davidson &lt;duncan@eng.sun.com>
+ */
+
+public class RequestInfoExample extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("LocalStrings",request.getLocale());
+
+        response.setContentType("text/html");
+        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        out.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
+        out.println("<head>");
+        out.println("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\" />");
+
+        String title = rb.getString("requestinfo.title");
+        out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>");
+        out.println("</head>");
+        out.println("<body bgcolor=\"white\">");
+
+        // img stuff not req'd for source code HTML showing
+        // all links relative!
+
+        // XXX
+        // making these absolute till we work out the
+        // addition of a PathInfo issue
+
+        out.println("<a href=\"../reqinfo.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/code.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"view code\"></a>");
+        out.println("<a href=\"../index.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/return.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"return\"></a>");
+
+        out.println("<h3>" + title + "</h3>");
+        out.println("<table border=0><tr><td>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("requestinfo.label.method"));
+        out.println("</td><td>");
+        out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(request.getMethod()));
+        out.println("</td></tr><tr><td>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("requestinfo.label.requesturi"));
+        out.println("</td><td>");
+        out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRequestURI()));
+        out.println("</td></tr><tr><td>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("requestinfo.label.protocol"));
+        out.println("</td><td>");
+        out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(request.getProtocol()));
+        out.println("</td></tr><tr><td>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("requestinfo.label.pathinfo"));
+        out.println("</td><td>");
+        out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(request.getPathInfo()));
+        out.println("</td></tr><tr><td>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("requestinfo.label.remoteaddr"));
+        out.println("</td><td>");
+        out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteAddr()));
+        out.println("</td></tr>");
+
+        String cipherSuite=
+                (String)request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.request.cipher_suite");
+        if(cipherSuite!=null){
+            out.println("<tr><td>");
+            out.println("SSLCipherSuite:");
+            out.println("</td><td>");
+            out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(cipherSuite));
+            out.println("</td></tr>");
+        }
+
+        out.println("</table>");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        doGet(request, response);
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestParamExample.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestParamExample.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9e7525
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestParamExample.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestParamExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbcc371
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/RequestParamExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import util.HTMLFilter;
+
+/**
+ * Example servlet showing request headers
+ *
+ * @author James Duncan Davidson &lt;duncan@eng.sun.com>
+ */
+
+public class RequestParamExample extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("LocalStrings",request.getLocale());
+
+        response.setContentType("text/html");
+        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        out.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
+        out.println("<head>");
+        out.println("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\" />");
+
+        String title = rb.getString("requestparams.title");
+        out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>");
+        out.println("</head>");
+        out.println("<body bgcolor=\"white\">");
+
+        // img stuff not req'd for source code HTML showing
+
+       // all links relative
+
+        // XXX
+        // making these absolute till we work out the
+        // addition of a PathInfo issue
+
+        out.println("<a href=\"../reqparams.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/code.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"view code\"></a>");
+        out.println("<a href=\"../index.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/return.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"return\"></a>");
+
+        out.println("<h3>" + title + "</h3>");
+        String firstName = request.getParameter("firstname");
+        String lastName = request.getParameter("lastname");
+        out.println(rb.getString("requestparams.params-in-req") + "<br>");
+        if (firstName != null || lastName != null) {
+            out.println(rb.getString("requestparams.firstname"));
+            out.println(" = " + HTMLFilter.filter(firstName) + "<br>");
+            out.println(rb.getString("requestparams.lastname"));
+            out.println(" = " + HTMLFilter.filter(lastName));
+        } else {
+            out.println(rb.getString("requestparams.no-params"));
+        }
+        out.println("<P>");
+        out.print("<form action=\"");
+        out.print("RequestParamExample\" ");
+        out.println("method=POST>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("requestparams.firstname"));
+        out.println("<input type=text size=20 name=firstname>");
+        out.println("<br>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("requestparams.lastname"));
+        out.println("<input type=text size=20 name=lastname>");
+        out.println("<br>");
+        out.println("<input type=submit>");
+        out.println("</form>");
+
+        out.println("</body>");
+        out.println("</html>");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        doGet(request, response);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/ServletToJsp.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/ServletToJsp.class
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/ServletToJsp.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/ServletToJsp.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4903a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/ServletToJsp.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+public class ServletToJsp extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet (HttpServletRequest request,
+            HttpServletResponse response) {
+
+       try {
+           // Set the attribute and Forward to hello.jsp
+           request.setAttribute ("servletName", "servletToJsp");
+           getServletConfig().getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(
+                   "/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp").forward(request, response);
+       } catch (Exception ex) {
+           ex.printStackTrace ();
+       }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/SessionExample.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/SessionExample.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/SessionExample.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/SessionExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c71ef5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/SessionExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
+
+import util.HTMLFilter;
+
+/**
+ * Example servlet showing request headers
+ *
+ * @author James Duncan Davidson &lt;duncan@eng.sun.com>
+ */
+
+public class SessionExample extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("LocalStrings",request.getLocale());
+
+        response.setContentType("text/html");
+        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        out.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html>");
+        out.println("<head>");
+        out.println("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\" />");
+
+
+        String title = rb.getString("sessions.title");
+        out.println("<title>" + title + "</title>");
+        out.println("</head>");
+        out.println("<body bgcolor=\"white\">");
+
+        // img stuff not req'd for source code HTML showing
+        // relative links everywhere!
+
+        // XXX
+        // making these absolute till we work out the
+        // addition of a PathInfo issue
+
+        out.println("<a href=\"../sessions.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/code.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"view code\"></a>");
+        out.println("<a href=\"../index.html\">");
+        out.println("<img src=\"../images/return.gif\" height=24 " +
+                    "width=24 align=right border=0 alt=\"return\"></a>");
+
+        out.println("<h3>" + title + "</h3>");
+
+        HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
+        out.println(rb.getString("sessions.id") + " " + session.getId());
+        out.println("<br>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("sessions.created") + " ");
+        out.println(new Date(session.getCreationTime()) + "<br>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("sessions.lastaccessed") + " ");
+        out.println(new Date(session.getLastAccessedTime()));
+
+        String dataName = request.getParameter("dataname");
+        String dataValue = request.getParameter("datavalue");
+        if (dataName != null && dataValue != null) {
+            session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);
+        }
+
+        out.println("<P>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("sessions.data") + "<br>");
+        Enumeration<String> names = session.getAttributeNames();
+        while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
+            String name = names.nextElement();
+            String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();
+            out.println(HTMLFilter.filter(name) + " = "
+                        + HTMLFilter.filter(value) + "<br>");
+        }
+
+        out.println("<P>");
+        out.print("<form action=\"");
+        out.print(response.encodeURL("SessionExample"));
+        out.print("\" ");
+        out.println("method=POST>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("sessions.dataname"));
+        out.println("<input type=text size=20 name=dataname>");
+        out.println("<br>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("sessions.datavalue"));
+        out.println("<input type=text size=20 name=datavalue>");
+        out.println("<br>");
+        out.println("<input type=submit>");
+        out.println("</form>");
+
+        out.println("<P>GET based form:<br>");
+        out.print("<form action=\"");
+        out.print(response.encodeURL("SessionExample"));
+        out.print("\" ");
+        out.println("method=GET>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("sessions.dataname"));
+        out.println("<input type=text size=20 name=dataname>");
+        out.println("<br>");
+        out.println(rb.getString("sessions.datavalue"));
+        out.println("<input type=text size=20 name=datavalue>");
+        out.println("<br>");
+        out.println("<input type=submit>");
+        out.println("</form>");
+
+        out.print("<p><a href=\"");
+        out.print(HTMLFilter.filter(response.encodeURL("SessionExample?dataname=foo&datavalue=bar")));
+        out.println("\" >URL encoded </a>");
+
+        out.println("</body>");
+        out.println("</html>");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
+                      HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        doGet(request, response);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async0$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async0$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async0.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async0.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async0.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async0.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83bd22a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async0.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package async;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
+
+public class Async0 extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Async0.class);
+
+    @Override
+    protected void service(final HttpServletRequest req, final HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
+        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(req.getAttribute("dispatch"))) {
+            log.info("Received dispatch, completing on the worker thread.");
+            log.info("After complete called started:"+req.isAsyncStarted());
+            Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
+            SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z");
+            resp.getWriter().write("Async dispatch worked: " + sdf.format(date) + "\n");
+        } else {
+            resp.setContentType("text/plain");
+            final AsyncContext actx = req.startAsync();
+            actx.setTimeout(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+            Runnable run = new Runnable() {
+                @Override
+                public void run() {
+                    try {
+                        req.setAttribute("dispatch", Boolean.TRUE);
+                        Thread.currentThread().setName("Async0-Thread");
+                        log.info("Putting AsyncThread to sleep");
+                        Thread.sleep(2*1000);
+                        log.info("Dispatching");
+                        actx.dispatch();
+                    }catch (InterruptedException | IllegalStateException x) {
+                        log.error("Async1",x);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            Thread t = new Thread(run);
+            t.start();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async1$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async1$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async1.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async1.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad8b1ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async1.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package async;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
+
+public class Async1 extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Async1.class);
+
+    @Override
+    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
+        final AsyncContext actx = req.startAsync();
+        actx.setTimeout(30*1000);
+        Runnable run = new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+                    String path = "/jsp/async/async1.jsp";
+                    Thread.currentThread().setName("Async1-Thread");
+                    log.info("Putting AsyncThread to sleep");
+                    Thread.sleep(2*1000);
+                    log.info("Dispatching to "+path);
+                    actx.dispatch(path);
+                }catch (InterruptedException | IllegalStateException x) {
+                    log.error("Async1",x);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        Thread t = new Thread(run);
+        t.start();
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async2$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async2$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async2.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async2.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async2.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async2.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c88c21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async2.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package async;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
+
+public class Async2 extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Async2.class);
+
+    @Override
+    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
+            throws ServletException, IOException {
+        final AsyncContext actx = req.startAsync();
+        actx.setTimeout(30*1000);
+        Runnable run = new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+                    Thread.currentThread().setName("Async2-Thread");
+                    log.info("Putting AsyncThread to sleep");
+                    Thread.sleep(2*1000);
+                    log.info("Writing data.");
+                    Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
+                    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z");
+                    actx.getResponse().getWriter().write(
+                            "Output from background thread. Time: " + sdf.format(date) + "\n");
+                    actx.complete();
+                }catch (InterruptedException | IllegalStateException | IOException x) {
+                    log.error("Async2",x);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        Thread t = new Thread(run);
+        t.start();
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async3.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async3.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async3.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async3.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70dc56f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Async3.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package async;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+public class Async3 extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
+        final AsyncContext actx = req.startAsync();
+        actx.setTimeout(30*1000);
+        actx.dispatch("/jsp/async/async3.jsp");
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockContextListener.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockContextListener.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockContextListener.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockContextListener.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..685ac23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockContextListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package async;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
+
+/*
+ * Ensures the Stockticker is shut down cleanly when the context stops. This
+ * also covers the case when the server shuts down.
+ */
+public class AsyncStockContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
+
+    public static final String STOCK_TICKER_KEY = "StockTicker";
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
+        Stockticker stockticker = new Stockticker();
+        ServletContext sc = sce.getServletContext();
+        sc.setAttribute(STOCK_TICKER_KEY, stockticker);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
+        ServletContext sc = sce.getServletContext();
+        Stockticker stockticker = (Stockticker) sc.getAttribute(STOCK_TICKER_KEY);
+        stockticker.shutdown();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockServlet.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockServlet.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockServlet.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockServlet.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ae07ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/AsyncStockServlet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package async;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
+import javax.servlet.AsyncEvent;
+import javax.servlet.AsyncListener;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import async.Stockticker.Stock;
+import async.Stockticker.TickListener;
+
+public class AsyncStockServlet extends HttpServlet implements TickListener, AsyncListener{
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(AsyncStockServlet.class);
+
+    private static final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<AsyncContext> clients =
+            new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
+    private static final AtomicInteger clientcount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    public AsyncStockServlet() {
+        log.info("AsyncStockServlet created");
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
+            throws ServletException, IOException {
+        if (req.isAsyncStarted()) {
+            req.getAsyncContext().complete();
+        } else if (req.isAsyncSupported()) {
+            AsyncContext actx = req.startAsync();
+            actx.addListener(this);
+            resp.setContentType("text/plain");
+            clients.add(actx);
+            if (clientcount.incrementAndGet()==1) {
+                Stockticker ticker = (Stockticker) req.getServletContext().getAttribute(
+                        AsyncStockContextListener.STOCK_TICKER_KEY);
+                ticker.addTickListener(this);
+            }
+        } else {
+            new Exception("Async Not Supported").printStackTrace();
+            resp.sendError(400,"Async is not supported.");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void tick(Stock stock) {
+        for (AsyncContext actx : clients) {
+            try {
+                writeStock(actx, stock);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // Ignore. The async error handling will deal with this.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public void writeStock(AsyncContext actx, Stock stock) throws IOException {
+        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)actx.getResponse();
+        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
+        writer.write("STOCK#");//make client parsing easier
+        writer.write(stock.getSymbol());
+        writer.write("#");
+        writer.write(stock.getValueAsString());
+        writer.write("#");
+        writer.write(stock.getLastChangeAsString());
+        writer.write("#");
+        writer.write(String.valueOf(stock.getCnt()));
+        writer.write("\n");
+        writer.flush();
+        response.flushBuffer();
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void shutdown() {
+        // The web application is shutting down. Complete any AsyncContexts
+        // associated with an active client.
+        for (AsyncContext actx : clients) {
+            try {
+                actx.complete();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // Ignore. The async error handling will deal with this.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void onComplete(AsyncEvent event) throws IOException {
+        if (clients.remove(event.getAsyncContext()) && clientcount.decrementAndGet()==0) {
+            ServletContext sc = event.getAsyncContext().getRequest().getServletContext();
+            Stockticker ticker = (Stockticker) sc.getAttribute(
+                    AsyncStockContextListener.STOCK_TICKER_KEY);
+            ticker.removeTickListener(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(AsyncEvent event) throws IOException {
+        event.getAsyncContext().complete();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onTimeout(AsyncEvent event) throws IOException {
+        event.getAsyncContext().complete();
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void onStartAsync(AsyncEvent event) throws IOException {
+        // NOOP
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker$Stock.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker$Stock.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker$TickListener.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker$TickListener.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3488f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/async/Stockticker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package async;
+
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+public class Stockticker implements Runnable {
+        public volatile boolean run = true;
+        protected final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        final List<TickListener> listeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+        protected volatile Thread ticker = null;
+        protected volatile int ticknr = 0;
+
+        public synchronized void start() {
+            run = true;
+            ticker = new Thread(this);
+            ticker.setName("Ticker Thread");
+            ticker.start();
+        }
+
+        public synchronized void stop() {
+            // On context stop this can be called multiple times.
+            // NO-OP is the ticker thread is not set
+            // (i.e. stop() has already completed)
+            if (ticker == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            run = false;
+            try {
+                ticker.join();
+            }catch (InterruptedException x) {
+                Thread.interrupted();
+            }
+
+            ticker = null;
+        }
+
+        public void shutdown() {
+            // Notify each listener of the shutdown. This enables them to
+            // trigger any necessary clean-up.
+            for (TickListener l : listeners) {
+                l.shutdown();
+            }
+            // Wait for the thread to stop. This prevents warnings in the logs
+            // that the thread is still active when the context stops.
+            stop();
+        }
+
+        public void addTickListener(TickListener listener) {
+            if (listeners.add(listener)) {
+                if (counter.incrementAndGet()==1) {
+                    start();
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        public void removeTickListener(TickListener listener) {
+            if (listeners.remove(listener)) {
+                if (counter.decrementAndGet()==0) {
+                    stop();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            try {
+
+                Stock[] stocks = new Stock[] { new Stock("GOOG", 435.43),
+                        new Stock("YHOO", 27.88), new Stock("ASF", 1015.55), };
+                Random r = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
+                while (run) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) {
+                        int i = r.nextInt() % 3;
+                        if (i < 0) {
+                            i = i * (-1);
+                        }
+                        Stock stock = stocks[i];
+                        double change = r.nextDouble();
+                        boolean plus = r.nextBoolean();
+                        if (plus) {
+                            stock.setValue(stock.getValue() + change);
+                        } else {
+                            stock.setValue(stock.getValue() - change);
+                        }
+                        stock.setCnt(++ticknr);
+                        for (TickListener l : listeners) {
+                            l.tick(stock);
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                    Thread.sleep(850);
+                }
+            } catch (InterruptedException ix) {
+                // Ignore
+            } catch (Exception x) {
+                x.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+
+
+    public interface TickListener {
+        void tick(Stock stock);
+        void shutdown();
+    }
+
+    public static final class Stock implements Cloneable {
+        protected static final DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0.00");
+        protected final String symbol;
+        protected double value = 0.0d;
+        protected double lastchange = 0.0d;
+        protected int cnt = 0;
+
+        public Stock(String symbol, double initvalue) {
+            this.symbol = symbol;
+            this.value = initvalue;
+        }
+
+        public void setCnt(int c) {
+            this.cnt = c;
+        }
+
+        public int getCnt() {
+            return cnt;
+        }
+
+        public String getSymbol() {
+            return symbol;
+        }
+
+        public double getValue() {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        public void setValue(double value) {
+            double old = this.value;
+            this.value = value;
+            this.lastchange = value - old;
+        }
+
+        public String getValueAsString() {
+            return df.format(value);
+        }
+
+        public double getLastChange() {
+            return this.lastchange;
+        }
+
+        public void setLastChange(double lastchange) {
+            this.lastchange = lastchange;
+        }
+
+        public String getLastChangeAsString() {
+            return df.format(lastchange);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return symbol.hashCode();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            if (other instanceof Stock) {
+                return this.symbol.equals(((Stock) other).symbol);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder("STOCK#");
+            buf.append(getSymbol());
+            buf.append('#');
+            buf.append(getValueAsString());
+            buf.append('#');
+            buf.append(getLastChangeAsString());
+            buf.append('#');
+            buf.append(String.valueOf(getCnt()));
+            return buf.toString();
+
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object clone() {
+            Stock s = new Stock(this.getSymbol(), this.getValue());
+            s.setLastChange(this.getLastChange());
+            s.setCnt(this.cnt);
+            return s;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entries.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entries.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entries.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entries.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cac611a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entries.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package cal;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+public class Entries {
+
+    private final Map<String, Entry> entries;
+    private static final String[] time = { "8am", "9am", "10am", "11am",
+            "12pm", "1pm", "2pm", "3pm", "4pm", "5pm", "6pm", "7pm", "8pm" };
+    public static final int rows = 12;
+
+    public Entries() {
+        entries = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(rows);
+        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+            entries.put(time[i], new Entry(time[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getRows() {
+        return rows;
+    }
+
+    public Entry getEntry(int index) {
+        return this.entries.get(time[index]);
+    }
+
+    public int getIndex(String tm) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+            if (tm.equals(time[i])) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String tm) {
+        int index = getIndex(tm);
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            String descr = request.getParameter("description");
+            entries.get(time[index]).setDescription(descr);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entry.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entry.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d3c54c
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entry.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entry.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac248bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/Entry.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package cal;
+
+public class Entry {
+
+    final String hour;
+    String description;
+
+    public Entry(String hour) {
+        this.hour = hour;
+        this.description = "";
+
+    }
+
+    public String getHour() {
+        return this.hour;
+    }
+
+    public String getColor() {
+        if (description.equals("")) {
+            return "lightblue";
+        }
+        return "red";
+    }
+
+    public String getDescription() {
+        if (description.equals("")) {
+            return "None";
+        }
+        return this.description;
+    }
+
+    public void setDescription(String descr) {
+        description = descr;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/JspCalendar.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/JspCalendar.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..812534f
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/JspCalendar.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/JspCalendar.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29541cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/JspCalendar.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package cal;
+
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public class JspCalendar {
+    final Calendar  calendar;
+
+    public JspCalendar() {
+        calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
+        Date trialTime = new Date();
+        calendar.setTime(trialTime);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public String getMonth() {
+        int m = getMonthInt();
+        String[] months = new String [] { "January", "February", "March",
+                                        "April", "May", "June",
+                                        "July", "August", "September",
+                                        "October", "November", "December" };
+        if (m > 12) {
+            return "Unknown to Man";
+        }
+
+        return months[m - 1];
+
+    }
+
+    public String getDay() {
+        int x = getDayOfWeek();
+        String[] days = new String[] {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
+                                      "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};
+
+        if (x > 7) {
+            return "Unknown to Man";
+        }
+
+        return days[x - 1];
+
+    }
+
+    public int getMonthInt() {
+        return 1 + calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public String getDate() {
+        return getMonthInt() + "/" + getDayOfMonth() + "/" +  getYear();
+    }
+
+    public String getCurrentDate() {
+        Date dt = new Date ();
+        calendar.setTime (dt);
+        return getMonthInt() + "/" + getDayOfMonth() + "/" +  getYear();
+
+    }
+
+    public String getNextDate() {
+        calendar.set (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, getDayOfMonth() + 1);
+        return getDate ();
+    }
+
+    public String getPrevDate() {
+        calendar.set (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, getDayOfMonth() - 1);
+        return getDate ();
+    }
+
+    public String getTime() {
+        return getHour() + ":" + getMinute() + ":" + getSecond();
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfMonth() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public int getWeekOfYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public int getWeekOfMonth() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfWeek() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
+    }
+
+    public int getHour() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
+    }
+
+    public int getMinute() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getSecond() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getEra() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.ERA);
+    }
+
+    public String getUSTimeZone() {
+        String[] zones = new String[] {"Hawaii", "Alaskan", "Pacific",
+                                       "Mountain", "Central", "Eastern"};
+
+        return zones[10 + getZoneOffset()];
+    }
+
+    public int getZoneOffset() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getDSTOffset() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getAMPM() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.AM_PM);
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/TableBean.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/TableBean.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8295104
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/TableBean.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/TableBean.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f1cc4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/TableBean.java
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package cal;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+public class TableBean {
+
+    private final Map<String, Entries> table;
+    private final JspCalendar JspCal;
+    private Entries entries;
+    private String date;
+    private String name = null;
+    private String email = null;
+    private boolean processError = false;
+
+    public TableBean() {
+        this.table = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(10);
+        this.JspCal = new JspCalendar();
+        this.date = JspCal.getCurrentDate();
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String nm) {
+        this.name = nm;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return this.name;
+    }
+
+    public void setEmail(String mail) {
+        this.email = mail;
+    }
+
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return this.email;
+    }
+
+    public String getDate() {
+        return this.date;
+    }
+
+    public Entries getEntries() {
+        return this.entries;
+    }
+
+    public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
+
+        // Get the name and e-mail.
+        this.processError = false;
+        if (name == null || name.equals("")) {
+            setName(request.getParameter("name"));
+        }
+        if (email == null || email.equals("")) {
+            setEmail(request.getParameter("email"));
+        }
+        if (name == null || email == null || name.equals("")
+                || email.equals("")) {
+            this.processError = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the date.
+        String dateR = request.getParameter("date");
+        if (dateR == null) {
+            date = JspCal.getCurrentDate();
+        } else if (dateR.equalsIgnoreCase("next")) {
+            date = JspCal.getNextDate();
+        } else if (dateR.equalsIgnoreCase("prev")) {
+            date = JspCal.getPrevDate();
+        }
+
+        entries = table.get(date);
+        if (entries == null) {
+            entries = new Entries();
+            table.put(date, entries);
+        }
+
+        // If time is provided add the event.
+        String time = request.getParameter("time");
+        if (time != null) {
+            entries.processRequest(request, time);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean getProcessError() {
+        return this.processError;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/checkbox/CheckTest.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/checkbox/CheckTest.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e04ccd5
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/checkbox/CheckTest.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/checkbox/CheckTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a19caf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/checkbox/CheckTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package checkbox;
+
+public class CheckTest {
+
+    String b[] = new String[] { "1", "2", "3", "4" };
+
+    public String[] getFruit() {
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    public void setFruit(String [] b) {
+        this.b = b;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/colors/ColorGameBean.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/colors/ColorGameBean.class
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/colors/ColorGameBean.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/colors/ColorGameBean.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37df405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/colors/ColorGameBean.java
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package colors;
+
+public class ColorGameBean {
+
+    private String background = "yellow";
+    private String foreground = "red";
+    private String color1 = foreground;
+    private String color2 = background;
+    private String hint = "no";
+    private int attempts = 0;
+        private int intval = 0;
+    private boolean tookHints = false;
+
+    public void processRequest() {
+
+        // background = "yellow";
+        // foreground = "red";
+
+        if (! color1.equals(foreground)) {
+            if (color1.equalsIgnoreCase("black") ||
+                        color1.equalsIgnoreCase("cyan")) {
+                        background = color1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (! color2.equals(background)) {
+            if (color2.equalsIgnoreCase("black") ||
+                        color2.equalsIgnoreCase("cyan")) {
+                        foreground = color2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        attempts++;
+    }
+
+    public void setColor2(String x) {
+        color2 = x;
+    }
+
+    public void setColor1(String x) {
+        color1 = x;
+    }
+
+    public void setAction(String x) {
+        if (!tookHints) {
+            tookHints = x.equalsIgnoreCase("Hint");
+        }
+        hint = x;
+    }
+
+    public String getColor2() {
+         return background;
+    }
+
+    public String getColor1() {
+         return foreground;
+    }
+
+    public int getAttempts() {
+        return attempts;
+    }
+
+    public boolean getHint() {
+        return hint.equalsIgnoreCase("Hint");
+    }
+
+    public boolean getSuccess() {
+        if (background.equalsIgnoreCase("black") ||
+            background.equalsIgnoreCase("cyan")) {
+
+            if (foreground.equalsIgnoreCase("black") ||
+                foreground.equalsIgnoreCase("cyan")) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean getHintTaken() {
+        return tookHints;
+    }
+
+    public void reset() {
+        foreground = "red";
+        background = "yellow";
+    }
+
+    public void setIntval(int value) {
+        intval = value;
+        }
+
+    public int getIntval() {
+        return intval;
+        }
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilter.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilter.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ae891d
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilter.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..096dfb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package compressionFilters;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+
+import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
+import javax.servlet.GenericFilter;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of <code>javax.servlet.Filter</code> used to compress
+ * the ServletResponse if it is bigger than a threshold.
+ *
+ * @author Amy Roh
+ * @author Dmitri Valdin
+ */
+public class CompressionFilter extends GenericFilter {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    /**
+     * Minimal reasonable threshold.
+     */
+    private static final int MIN_THRESHOLD = 128;
+
+    /**
+     * Minimal reasonable buffer.
+     */
+    // 8KB is what tomcat would use by default anyway
+    private static final int MIN_BUFFER = 8192;
+
+    /**
+     * The threshold number to compress.
+     */
+    protected int compressionThreshold = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The compression buffer size to avoid chunking.
+     */
+    protected int compressionBuffer = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The mime types to compress.
+     */
+    protected String[] compressionMimeTypes = {"text/html", "text/xml", "text/plain"};
+
+    /**
+     * Debug level for this filter.
+     */
+    private int debug = 0;
+
+    @Override
+    public void init() {
+        String str = getInitParameter("debug");
+        if (str != null) {
+            debug = Integer.parseInt(str);
+        }
+
+        str = getInitParameter("compressionThreshold");
+        if (str != null) {
+            compressionThreshold = Integer.parseInt(str);
+            if (compressionThreshold != 0 && compressionThreshold < MIN_THRESHOLD) {
+                if (debug > 0) {
+                    System.out.println("compressionThreshold should be either 0 - no compression or >= " + MIN_THRESHOLD);
+                    System.out.println("compressionThreshold set to " + MIN_THRESHOLD);
+                }
+                compressionThreshold = MIN_THRESHOLD;
+            }
+        }
+
+        str = getInitParameter("compressionBuffer");
+        if (str != null) {
+            compressionBuffer = Integer.parseInt(str);
+            if (compressionBuffer < MIN_BUFFER) {
+                if (debug > 0) {
+                    System.out.println("compressionBuffer should be >= " + MIN_BUFFER);
+                    System.out.println("compressionBuffer set to " + MIN_BUFFER);
+                }
+                compressionBuffer = MIN_BUFFER;
+            }
+        }
+
+        str = getInitParameter("compressionMimeTypes");
+        if (str != null) {
+            List<String> values = new ArrayList<>();
+            StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(str, ",");
+
+            while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
+                String token = st.nextToken().trim();
+                if (token.length() > 0) {
+                    values.add(token);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (values.size() > 0) {
+                compressionMimeTypes = values.toArray(new String[0]);
+            } else {
+                compressionMimeTypes = null;
+            }
+
+            if (debug > 0) {
+                System.out.println("compressionMimeTypes set to " +
+                        Arrays.toString(compressionMimeTypes));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The <code>doFilter</code> method of the Filter is called by the container
+     * each time a request/response pair is passed through the chain due
+     * to a client request for a resource at the end of the chain.
+     * The FilterChain passed into this method allows the Filter to pass on the
+     * request and response to the next entity in the chain.<p>
+     * This method first examines the request to check whether the client support
+     * compression. <br>
+     * It simply just pass the request and response if there is no support for
+     * compression.<br>
+     * If the compression support is available, it creates a
+     * CompressionServletResponseWrapper object which compresses the content and
+     * modifies the header if the content length is big enough.
+     * It then invokes the next entity in the chain using the FilterChain object
+     * (<code>chain.doFilter()</code>), <br>
+     **/
+    @Override
+    public void doFilter (ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain )
+            throws IOException, ServletException {
+
+        if (debug > 0) {
+            System.out.println("@doFilter");
+        }
+
+        if (compressionThreshold == 0) {
+            if (debug > 0) {
+                System.out.println("doFilter got called, but compressionThreshold is set to 0 - no compression");
+            }
+            chain.doFilter(request, response);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        boolean supportCompression = false;
+        if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest) {
+            if (debug > 1) {
+                System.out.println("requestURI = " + ((HttpServletRequest)request).getRequestURI());
+            }
+
+            // Are we allowed to compress ?
+            String s = ((HttpServletRequest)request).getParameter("gzip");
+            if ("false".equals(s)) {
+                if (debug > 0) {
+                    System.out.println("got parameter gzip=false --> don't compress, just chain filter");
+                }
+                chain.doFilter(request, response);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Enumeration<String> e =
+                ((HttpServletRequest)request).getHeaders("Accept-Encoding");
+            while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+                String name = e.nextElement();
+                if (name.indexOf("gzip") != -1) {
+                    if (debug > 0) {
+                        System.out.println("supports compression");
+                    }
+                    supportCompression = true;
+                } else {
+                    if (debug > 0) {
+                        System.out.println("no support for compression");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (supportCompression) {
+            if (response instanceof HttpServletResponse) {
+                CompressionServletResponseWrapper wrappedResponse =
+                    new CompressionServletResponseWrapper((HttpServletResponse)response);
+                wrappedResponse.setDebugLevel(debug);
+                wrappedResponse.setCompressionThreshold(compressionThreshold);
+                wrappedResponse.setCompressionBuffer(compressionBuffer);
+                wrappedResponse.setCompressionMimeTypes(compressionMimeTypes);
+                if (debug > 0) {
+                    System.out.println("doFilter gets called with compression");
+                }
+                try {
+                    chain.doFilter(request, wrappedResponse);
+                } finally {
+                    wrappedResponse.finishResponse();
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (debug > 0) {
+                System.out.println("doFilter gets called w/o compression");
+            }
+            chain.doFilter(request, response);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilterTestServlet.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilterTestServlet.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilterTestServlet.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilterTestServlet.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58ec164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionFilterTestServlet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package compressionFilters;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+/**
+ * Very Simple test servlet to test compression filter
+ * @author Amy Roh
+ */
+public class CompressionFilterTestServlet extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+        throws ServletException, IOException {
+
+        ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
+        response.setContentType("text/plain");
+
+        Enumeration<String> e = request.getHeaders("Accept-Encoding");
+        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+            String name = e.nextElement();
+            out.println(name);
+            if (name.indexOf("gzip") != -1) {
+                out.println("gzip supported -- able to compress");
+            } else {
+                out.println("gzip not supported");
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        out.println("Compression Filter Test Servlet");
+        out.println("Minimum content length for compression is 128 bytes");
+        out.println("**********  32 bytes  **********");
+        out.println("**********  32 bytes  **********");
+        out.println("**********  32 bytes  **********");
+        out.println("**********  32 bytes  **********");
+        out.close();
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionResponseStream.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionResponseStream.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionResponseStream.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionResponseStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b6e850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionResponseStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package compressionFilters;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
+import javax.servlet.WriteListener;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of <b>ServletOutputStream</b> that works with
+ * the CompressionServletResponseWrapper implementation.
+ *
+ * @author Amy Roh
+ * @author Dmitri Valdin
+ */
+public class CompressionResponseStream extends ServletOutputStream {
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------- Constructors
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a servlet output stream associated with the specified Response.
+     *
+     * @param responseWrapper The associated response wrapper
+     * @param originalOutput the output stream
+     */
+    public CompressionResponseStream(
+            CompressionServletResponseWrapper responseWrapper,
+            ServletOutputStream originalOutput) {
+
+        super();
+        closed = false;
+        this.response = responseWrapper;
+        this.output = originalOutput;
+    }
+
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
+
+
+    /**
+     * The threshold number which decides to compress or not.
+     * Users can configure in web.xml to set it to fit their needs.
+     */
+    protected int compressionThreshold = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The compression buffer size to avoid chunking
+     */
+    protected int compressionBuffer = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The mime types to compress
+     */
+    protected String[] compressionMimeTypes = {"text/html", "text/xml", "text/plain"};
+
+    /**
+     * Debug level
+     */
+    private int debug = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The buffer through which all of our output bytes are passed.
+     */
+    protected byte[] buffer = null;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of data bytes currently in the buffer.
+     */
+    protected int bufferCount = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The underlying gzip output stream to which we should write data.
+     */
+    protected OutputStream gzipstream = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Has this stream been closed?
+     */
+    protected boolean closed = false;
+
+    /**
+     * The response with which this servlet output stream is associated.
+     */
+    protected final CompressionServletResponseWrapper response;
+
+    /**
+     * The underlying servlet output stream to which we should write data.
+     */
+    protected final ServletOutputStream output;
+
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
+
+    /**
+     * Set debug level.
+     *
+     * @param debug The higher the number, the more detail shown. Currently the
+     *              range 0 (none) to 3 (everything) is used.
+     */
+    public void setDebugLevel(int debug) {
+        this.debug = debug;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Set the compressionThreshold number and create buffer for this size
+     *
+     * @param compressionThreshold Responses above this size in bytes will be
+     *                             compressed
+     */
+    protected void setCompressionThreshold(int compressionThreshold) {
+        this.compressionThreshold = compressionThreshold;
+        buffer = new byte[this.compressionThreshold];
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("compressionThreshold is set to "+ this.compressionThreshold);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The compression buffer size to avoid chunking
+     *
+     * @param compressionBuffer The compression buffer size in bytes
+     */
+    protected void setCompressionBuffer(int compressionBuffer) {
+        this.compressionBuffer = compressionBuffer;
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("compressionBuffer is set to "+ this.compressionBuffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set supported mime types.
+     *
+     * @param compressionMimeTypes The mimetypes that will be compressed.
+     */
+    public void setCompressionMimeTypes(String[] compressionMimeTypes) {
+        this.compressionMimeTypes = compressionMimeTypes;
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("compressionMimeTypes is set to " +
+                    Arrays.toString(this.compressionMimeTypes));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close this output stream, causing any buffered data to be flushed and
+     * any further output data to throw an IOException.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("close() @ CompressionResponseStream");
+        }
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new IOException("This output stream has already been closed");
+        }
+
+        if (gzipstream != null) {
+            flushToGZip();
+            gzipstream.close();
+            gzipstream = null;
+        } else {
+            if (bufferCount > 0) {
+                if (debug > 2) {
+                    System.out.print("output.write(");
+                    System.out.write(buffer, 0, bufferCount);
+                    System.out.println(")");
+                }
+                output.write(buffer, 0, bufferCount);
+                bufferCount = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        output.close();
+        closed = true;
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Flush any buffered data for this output stream, which also causes the
+     * response to be committed.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void flush() throws IOException {
+
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("flush() @ CompressionResponseStream");
+        }
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new IOException("Cannot flush a closed output stream");
+        }
+
+        if (gzipstream != null) {
+            gzipstream.flush();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public void flushToGZip() throws IOException {
+
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("flushToGZip() @ CompressionResponseStream");
+        }
+        if (bufferCount > 0) {
+            if (debug > 1) {
+                System.out.println("flushing out to GZipStream, bufferCount = " + bufferCount);
+            }
+            writeToGZip(buffer, 0, bufferCount);
+            bufferCount = 0;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the specified byte to our output stream.
+     *
+     * @param b The byte to be written
+     *
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void write(int b) throws IOException {
+
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("write "+b+" in CompressionResponseStream ");
+        }
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new IOException("Cannot write to a closed output stream");
+        }
+
+        if (bufferCount >= buffer.length) {
+            flushToGZip();
+        }
+
+        buffer[bufferCount++] = (byte) b;
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Write <code>b.length</code> bytes from the specified byte array
+     * to our output stream.
+     *
+     * @param b The byte array to be written
+     *
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte b[]) throws IOException {
+
+        write(b, 0, b.length);
+
+    }
+
+
+
+    /**
+     * TODO SERVLET 3.1
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isReady() {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * TODO SERVLET 3.1
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setWriteListener(WriteListener listener) {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Write <code>len</code> bytes from the specified byte array, starting
+     * at the specified offset, to our output stream.
+     *
+     * @param b The byte array containing the bytes to be written
+     * @param off Zero-relative starting offset of the bytes to be written
+     * @param len The number of bytes to be written
+     *
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
+
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("write, bufferCount = " + bufferCount + " len = " + len + " off = " + off);
+        }
+        if (debug > 2) {
+            System.out.print("write(");
+            System.out.write(b, off, len);
+            System.out.println(")");
+        }
+
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new IOException("Cannot write to a closed output stream");
+        }
+
+        if (len == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Can we write into buffer ?
+        if (len <= (buffer.length - bufferCount)) {
+            System.arraycopy(b, off, buffer, bufferCount, len);
+            bufferCount += len;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // There is not enough space in buffer. Flush it ...
+        flushToGZip();
+
+        // ... and try again. Note, that bufferCount = 0 here !
+        if (len <= (buffer.length - bufferCount)) {
+            System.arraycopy(b, off, buffer, bufferCount, len);
+            bufferCount += len;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // write direct to gzip
+        writeToGZip(b, off, len);
+    }
+
+    public void writeToGZip(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
+
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("writeToGZip, len = " + len);
+        }
+        if (debug > 2) {
+            System.out.print("writeToGZip(");
+            System.out.write(b, off, len);
+            System.out.println(")");
+        }
+        if (gzipstream == null) {
+            if (debug > 1) {
+                System.out.println("new GZIPOutputStream");
+            }
+
+            boolean alreadyCompressed = false;
+            String contentEncoding = response.getHeader("Content-Encoding");
+            if (contentEncoding != null) {
+                if (contentEncoding.contains("gzip")) {
+                    alreadyCompressed = true;
+                    if (debug > 0) {
+                        System.out.println("content is already compressed");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (debug > 0) {
+                        System.out.println("content is not compressed yet");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            boolean compressibleMimeType = false;
+            // Check for compatible MIME-TYPE
+            if (compressionMimeTypes != null) {
+                if (startsWithStringArray(compressionMimeTypes, response.getContentType())) {
+                    compressibleMimeType = true;
+                    if (debug > 0) {
+                        System.out.println("mime type " + response.getContentType() + " is compressible");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (debug > 0) {
+                        System.out.println("mime type " + response.getContentType() + " is not compressible");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (response.isCommitted()) {
+                if (debug > 1) {
+                    System.out.print("Response already committed. Using original output stream");
+                }
+                gzipstream = output;
+            } else if (alreadyCompressed) {
+                if (debug > 1) {
+                    System.out.print("Response already compressed. Using original output stream");
+                }
+                gzipstream = output;
+            } else if (!compressibleMimeType) {
+                if (debug > 1) {
+                    System.out.print("Response mime type is not compressible. Using original output stream");
+                }
+                gzipstream = output;
+            } else {
+                response.addHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
+                response.setContentLength(-1);  // don't use any preset content-length as it will be wrong after gzipping
+                response.setBufferSize(compressionBuffer);
+                gzipstream = new GZIPOutputStream(output);
+            }
+        }
+        gzipstream.write(b, off, len);
+
+    }
+
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------- Package Methods
+
+    /**
+     * Has this response stream been closed?
+     *
+     * @return <code>true</code> if the stream has been closed, otherwise false.
+     */
+    public boolean closed() {
+        return closed;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any entry in the string array starts with the specified value
+     *
+     * @param sArray the StringArray
+     * @param value string
+     */
+    private boolean startsWithStringArray(String sArray[], String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (String s : sArray) {
+            if (value.startsWith(s)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionServletResponseWrapper.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionServletResponseWrapper.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a2591
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionServletResponseWrapper.class differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionServletResponseWrapper.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionServletResponseWrapper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..080bfc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/CompressionServletResponseWrapper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package compressionFilters;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of <b>HttpServletResponseWrapper</b> that works with
+ * the CompressionServletResponseStream implementation..
+ *
+ * @author Amy Roh
+ * @author Dmitri Valdin
+ */
+public class CompressionServletResponseWrapper
+        extends HttpServletResponseWrapper {
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------- Constructor
+
+    /**
+     * Calls the parent constructor which creates a ServletResponse adaptor
+     * wrapping the given response object.
+     *
+     * @param response The response object to be wrapped.
+     */
+    public CompressionServletResponseWrapper(HttpServletResponse response) {
+        super(response);
+        origResponse = response;
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("CompressionServletResponseWrapper constructor gets called");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
+
+    /**
+     * Original response
+     */
+    protected final HttpServletResponse origResponse;
+
+    /**
+     * The ServletOutputStream that has been returned by
+     * <code>getOutputStream()</code>, if any.
+     */
+    protected ServletOutputStream stream = null;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The PrintWriter that has been returned by
+     * <code>getWriter()</code>, if any.
+     */
+    protected PrintWriter writer = null;
+
+    /**
+     * The threshold number to compress
+     */
+    protected int compressionThreshold = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The compression buffer size
+     */
+    protected int compressionBuffer = 8192;  // 8KB default
+
+    /**
+     * The mime types to compress
+     */
+    protected String[] compressionMimeTypes = {"text/html", "text/xml", "text/plain"};
+
+    /**
+     * Debug level
+     */
+    protected int debug = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * keeps a copy of all headers set
+     */
+    private final Map<String,String> headerCopies = new HashMap<>();
+
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
+
+
+    /**
+     * Set threshold number.
+     *
+     * @param threshold The new compression threshold
+     */
+    public void setCompressionThreshold(int threshold) {
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("setCompressionThreshold to " + threshold);
+        }
+        this.compressionThreshold = threshold;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set compression buffer.
+     *
+     * @param buffer New size of buffer to use for compressed output
+     */
+    public void setCompressionBuffer(int buffer) {
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("setCompressionBuffer to " + buffer);
+        }
+        this.compressionBuffer = buffer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set compressible mime types.
+     *
+     * @param mimeTypes The new list of mime types that will be considered for
+     *                  compression
+     */
+    public void setCompressionMimeTypes(String[] mimeTypes) {
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("setCompressionMimeTypes to " +
+                    Arrays.toString(mimeTypes));
+        }
+        this.compressionMimeTypes = mimeTypes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set debug level.
+     *
+     * @param debug The new debug level
+     */
+    public void setDebugLevel(int debug) {
+        this.debug = debug;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Create and return a ServletOutputStream to write the content
+     * associated with this Response.
+     *
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     *
+     * @return A new servlet output stream that compressed any data written to
+     *         it
+     */
+    protected ServletOutputStream createOutputStream() throws IOException {
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("createOutputStream gets called");
+        }
+
+        CompressionResponseStream stream = new CompressionResponseStream(
+                this, origResponse.getOutputStream());
+        stream.setDebugLevel(debug);
+        stream.setCompressionThreshold(compressionThreshold);
+        stream.setCompressionBuffer(compressionBuffer);
+        stream.setCompressionMimeTypes(compressionMimeTypes);
+
+        return stream;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Finish a response.
+     */
+    public void finishResponse() {
+        try {
+            if (writer != null) {
+                writer.close();
+            } else {
+                if (stream != null) {
+                    stream.close();
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // Ignore
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------ ServletResponse Methods
+
+
+    /**
+     * Flush the buffer and commit this response.
+     *
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void flushBuffer() throws IOException {
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("flush buffer @ GZipServletResponseWrapper");
+        }
+        ((CompressionResponseStream)stream).flush();
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the servlet output stream associated with this Response.
+     *
+     * @exception IllegalStateException if <code>getWriter</code> has
+     *  already been called for this response
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
+
+        if (writer != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWriter() has already been called for this response");
+        }
+
+        if (stream == null) {
+            stream = createOutputStream();
+        }
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("stream is set to "+stream+" in getOutputStream");
+        }
+
+        return stream;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the writer associated with this Response.
+     *
+     * @exception IllegalStateException if <code>getOutputStream</code> has
+     *  already been called for this response
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
+
+        if (writer != null) {
+            return writer;
+        }
+
+        if (stream != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getOutputStream() has already been called for this response");
+        }
+
+        stream = createOutputStream();
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("stream is set to "+stream+" in getWriter");
+        }
+        String charEnc = origResponse.getCharacterEncoding();
+        if (debug > 1) {
+            System.out.println("character encoding is " + charEnc);
+        }
+        writer = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(stream, charEnc));
+
+        return writer;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getHeader(String name) {
+        return headerCopies.get(name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addHeader(String name, String value) {
+        if (headerCopies.containsKey(name)) {
+            String existingValue = headerCopies.get(name);
+            if ((existingValue != null) && (existingValue.length() > 0)) {
+                headerCopies.put(name, existingValue + "," + value);
+            } else {
+                headerCopies.put(name, value);
+            }
+        } else {
+            headerCopies.put(name, value);
+        }
+        super.addHeader(name, value);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void setHeader(String name, String value) {
+        headerCopies.put(name, value);
+        super.setHeader(name, value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/dates/JspCalendar.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/dates/JspCalendar.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ee004b
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/dates/JspCalendar.class differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/dates/JspCalendar.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/dates/JspCalendar.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24466d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/dates/JspCalendar.java
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package dates;
+
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public class JspCalendar {
+    final Calendar calendar;
+
+    public JspCalendar() {
+        calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
+        Date trialTime = new Date();
+        calendar.setTime(trialTime);
+    }
+
+    public int getYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public String getMonth() {
+        int m = getMonthInt();
+        String[] months = new String [] { "January", "February", "March",
+                                        "April", "May", "June",
+                                        "July", "August", "September",
+                                        "October", "November", "December" };
+        if (m > 12) {
+            return "Unknown to Man";
+        }
+
+        return months[m - 1];
+
+    }
+
+    public String getDay() {
+        int x = getDayOfWeek();
+        String[] days = new String[] {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
+                                      "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};
+
+        if (x > 7) {
+            return "Unknown to Man";
+        }
+
+        return days[x - 1];
+
+    }
+
+    public int getMonthInt() {
+        return 1 + calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public String getDate() {
+        return getMonthInt() + "/" + getDayOfMonth() + "/" +  getYear();
+
+    }
+
+    public String getTime() {
+        return getHour() + ":" + getMinute() + ":" + getSecond();
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfMonth() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public int getWeekOfYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public int getWeekOfMonth() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfWeek() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
+    }
+
+    public int getHour() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
+    }
+
+    public int getMinute() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getSecond() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String args[]) {
+        JspCalendar db = new JspCalendar();
+        p("date: " + db.getDayOfMonth());
+        p("year: " + db.getYear());
+        p("month: " + db.getMonth());
+        p("time: " + db.getTime());
+        p("date: " + db.getDate());
+        p("Day: " + db.getDay());
+        p("DayOfYear: " + db.getDayOfYear());
+        p("WeekOfYear: " + db.getWeekOfYear());
+        p("era: " + db.getEra());
+        p("ampm: " + db.getAMPM());
+        p("DST: " + db.getDSTOffset());
+        p("ZONE Offset: " + db.getZoneOffset());
+        p("TIMEZONE: " + db.getUSTimeZone());
+    }
+
+    private static void p(String x) {
+        System.out.println(x);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getEra() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.ERA);
+    }
+
+    public String getUSTimeZone() {
+        String[] zones = new String[] {"Hawaii", "Alaskan", "Pacific",
+                                       "Mountain", "Central", "Eastern"};
+
+        return zones[10 + getZoneOffset()];
+    }
+
+    public int getZoneOffset() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getDSTOffset() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getAMPM() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.AM_PM);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/error/Smart.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/error/Smart.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7f8ee8
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/error/Smart.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/error/Smart.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82c22f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/error/Smart.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package error;
+
+public class Smart {
+
+    String name = "JSP";
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ExampleTagBase.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ExampleTagBase.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3be3406
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ExampleTagBase.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ExampleTagBase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e4088b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ExampleTagBase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package examples;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyContent;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.Tag;
+
+public abstract class ExampleTagBase extends BodyTagSupport {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void setParent(Tag parent) {
+        this.parent = parent;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setBodyContent(BodyContent bodyOut) {
+        this.bodyOut = bodyOut;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Tag getParent() {
+        return this.parent;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
+        return SKIP_BODY;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
+        return EVAL_PAGE;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void doInitBody() throws JspException {
+        // Default implementations for BodyTag methods as well
+        // just in case a tag decides to implement BodyTag.
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
+        return SKIP_BODY;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void release() {
+        bodyOut = null;
+        pageContext = null;
+        parent = null;
+    }
+
+    protected BodyContent bodyOut;
+    protected Tag parent;
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTag.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d222fd2
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8ffb11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package examples;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException;
+
+/**
+ * Example1: the simplest tag
+ * Collect attributes and call into some actions
+ *
+ * <foo att1="..." att2="...." att3="...." />
+ */
+
+public class FooTag extends ExampleTagBase {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private final String atts[] = new String[3];
+    int i = 0;
+
+    private void setAtt(int index, String value) {
+        atts[index] = value;
+    }
+
+    public void setAtt1(String value) {
+        setAtt(0, value);
+    }
+
+    public void setAtt2(String value) {
+        setAtt(1, value);
+    }
+
+    public void setAtt3(String value) {
+        setAtt(2, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process start tag
+     *
+     * @return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
+        i = 0;
+        return EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void doInitBody() throws JspException {
+        pageContext.setAttribute("member", atts[i]);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
+        try {
+            if (i == 3) {
+                bodyOut.writeOut(bodyOut.getEnclosingWriter());
+                return SKIP_BODY;
+            }
+
+            pageContext.setAttribute("member", atts[i]);
+            i++;
+            return EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED;
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            throw new JspTagException(ex.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTagExtraInfo.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTagExtraInfo.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2b0738
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTagExtraInfo.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTagExtraInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99023d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/FooTagExtraInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package examples;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagData;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagExtraInfo;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.VariableInfo;
+
+public class FooTagExtraInfo extends TagExtraInfo {
+    @Override
+    public VariableInfo[] getVariableInfo(TagData data) {
+        return new VariableInfo[]
+            {
+                new VariableInfo("member",
+                                 "String",
+                                 true,
+                                 VariableInfo.NESTED)
+            };
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/LogTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/LogTag.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f03ba6a
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/LogTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/LogTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..580271e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/LogTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package examples;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException;
+
+/**
+ * Log the contents of the body. Could be used to handle errors etc.
+ */
+public class LogTag extends ExampleTagBase {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    boolean toBrowser = false;
+
+    public void setToBrowser(String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            toBrowser = false;
+        } else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) {
+            toBrowser = true;
+        } else {
+            toBrowser = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
+        return EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
+        try {
+            String s = bodyOut.getString();
+            System.err.println(s);
+            if (toBrowser) {
+                bodyOut.writeOut(bodyOut.getEnclosingWriter());
+            }
+            return SKIP_BODY;
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            throw new JspTagException(ex.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ValuesTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ValuesTag.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6cfbc7
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ValuesTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ValuesTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b335860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ValuesTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package examples;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * Accept and display a value.
+ */
+public class ValuesTag extends TagSupport {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    // Using "-1" as the default value,
+    // in the assumption that it won't be used as the value.
+    // Cannot use null here, because null is an important case
+    // that should be present in the tests.
+    private Object objectValue = "-1";
+    private String stringValue = "-1";
+    private long longValue = -1;
+    private double doubleValue = -1;
+
+    public void setObject(Object objectValue) {
+        this.objectValue = objectValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setString(String stringValue) {
+        this.stringValue = stringValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setLong(long longValue) {
+        this.longValue = longValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setDouble(double doubleValue) {
+        this.doubleValue = doubleValue;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
+        JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
+
+        try {
+            if (!"-1".equals(objectValue)) {
+                out.print(objectValue);
+            } else if (!"-1".equals(stringValue)) {
+                out.print(stringValue);
+            } else if (longValue != -1) {
+                out.print(longValue);
+            } else if (doubleValue != -1) {
+                out.print(doubleValue);
+            } else {
+                out.print("-1");
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            throw new JspTagException("IOException: " + ex.toString(), ex);
+        }
+        return super.doEndTag();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/ExampleFilter.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/ExampleFilter.class
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index 0000000..3ebffcd
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/ExampleFilter.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/ExampleFilter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6130742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/ExampleFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package filters;
+
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
+import javax.servlet.GenericFilter;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
+
+
+/**
+ * Example filter that can be attached to either an individual servlet
+ * or to a URL pattern.  This filter performs the following functions:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>Attaches itself as a request attribute, under the attribute name
+ *     defined by the value of the <code>attribute</code> initialization
+ *     parameter.</li>
+ * <li>Calculates the number of milliseconds required to perform the
+ *     servlet processing required by this request, including any
+ *     subsequently defined filters, and logs the result to the servlet
+ *     context log for this application.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @author Craig McClanahan
+ */
+public final class ExampleFilter extends GenericFilter {
+
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The request attribute name under which we store a reference to ourself.
+     */
+    private String attribute = null;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Time the processing that is performed by all subsequent filters in the
+     * current filter stack, including the ultimately invoked servlet.
+     *
+     * @param request The servlet request we are processing
+     * @param response The servlet response we are creating
+     * @param chain The filter chain we are processing
+     *
+     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
+     * @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
+            throws IOException, ServletException {
+
+        // Store ourselves as a request attribute (if requested)
+        if (attribute != null) {
+            request.setAttribute(attribute, this);
+        }
+
+        // Time and log the subsequent processing
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        chain.doFilter(request, response);
+        long stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        getServletContext().log(this.toString() + ": " + (stopTime - startTime) +
+             " milliseconds");
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void init() throws ServletException {
+        this.attribute = getInitParameter("attribute");
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return a String representation of this object.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "ExampleFilter(" + getFilterConfig() + ")";
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/http2/SimpleImagePush.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/http2/SimpleImagePush.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/http2/SimpleImagePush.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/http2/SimpleImagePush.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edfee52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/http2/SimpleImagePush.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package http2;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.PushBuilder;
+
+public class SimpleImagePush extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
+            throws ServletException, IOException {
+
+        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+        resp.setContentType("text/html");
+        PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
+
+        PushBuilder pb = req.newPushBuilder();
+        if (pb != null) {
+            pb.path("servlets/images/code.gif");
+            pb.push();
+            pw.println("<html>");
+            pw.println("<body>");
+            pw.println("<p>The following image was provided via a push request.</p>");
+            pw.println("<img src=\"" + req.getContextPath() + "/servlets/images/code.gif\"/>");
+            pw.println("</body>");
+            pw.println("</html>");
+            pw.flush();
+        } else {
+            pw.println("<html>");
+            pw.println("<body>");
+            pw.println("<p>Server push requests are not supported by this protocol.</p>");
+            pw.println("</body>");
+            pw.println("</html>");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/BookBean.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/BookBean.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/BookBean.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/BookBean.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30a8450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/BookBean.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples;
+
+public class BookBean {
+    private final String title;
+    private final String author;
+    private final String isbn;
+
+    public BookBean( String title, String author, String isbn ) {
+        this.title = title;
+        this.author = author;
+        this.isbn = isbn;
+    }
+
+    public String getTitle() {
+        return this.title;
+    }
+
+    public String getAuthor() {
+        return this.author;
+    }
+
+    public String getIsbn() {
+        return this.isbn;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/FooBean.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/FooBean.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/FooBean.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/FooBean.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4334856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/FooBean.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples;
+
+public class FooBean {
+    private String bar;
+
+    public FooBean() {
+        bar = "Initial value";
+    }
+
+    public String getBar() {
+        return this.bar;
+    }
+
+    public void setBar(String bar) {
+        this.bar = bar;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/ValuesBean.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/ValuesBean.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/ValuesBean.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/ValuesBean.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aac414f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/ValuesBean.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples;
+
+/**
+ * Accept and display a value.
+ */
+public class ValuesBean {
+    private String string;
+    private double doubleValue;
+    private long longValue;
+
+    public String getStringValue() {
+        return this.string;
+    }
+
+    public void setStringValue(String string) {
+        this.string = string;
+    }
+
+    public double getDoubleValue() {
+        return doubleValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setDoubleValue(double doubleValue) {
+        this.doubleValue = doubleValue;
+    }
+
+    public long getLongValue() {
+        return longValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setLongValue(long longValue) {
+        this.longValue = longValue;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/el/Functions.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/el/Functions.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/el/Functions.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/el/Functions.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79f9eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/el/Functions.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.el;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Defines the functions for the jsp2 example tag library.
+ *
+ * <p>Each function is defined as a static method.</p>
+ */
+public class Functions {
+    public static String reverse( String text ) {
+        return new StringBuilder( text ).reverse().toString();
+    }
+
+    public static int numVowels( String text ) {
+        String vowels = "aeiouAEIOU";
+        int result = 0;
+        for( int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++ ) {
+            if( vowels.indexOf( text.charAt( i ) ) != -1 ) {
+                result++;
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static String caps( String text ) {
+        return text.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/EchoAttributesTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/EchoAttributesTag.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/EchoAttributesTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/EchoAttributesTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b096707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/EchoAttributesTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.DynamicAttributes;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that echoes all its attributes
+ */
+public class EchoAttributesTag
+    extends SimpleTagSupport
+    implements DynamicAttributes
+{
+    private final List<String> keys = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<Object> values = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        JspWriter out = getJspContext().getOut();
+        for( int i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++ ) {
+            String key = keys.get( i );
+            Object value = values.get( i );
+            out.println( "<li>" + key + " = " + value + "</li>" );
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setDynamicAttribute( String uri, String localName,
+        Object value )
+        throws JspException
+    {
+        keys.add( localName );
+        values.add( value );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..674837b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+import jsp2.examples.BookBean;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that pretends to search for a book, and stores
+ * the result in a scoped variable.
+ */
+public class FindBookSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    private String var;
+
+    private static final String BOOK_TITLE = "The Lord of the Rings";
+    private static final String BOOK_AUTHOR = "J. R. R. Tolkien";
+    private static final String BOOK_ISBN = "0618002251";
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException {
+        BookBean book = new BookBean( BOOK_TITLE, BOOK_AUTHOR, BOOK_ISBN );
+        getJspContext().setAttribute( this.var, book );
+    }
+
+    public void setVar( String var ) {
+        this.var = var;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2f7119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that prints "Hello, world!"
+ */
+public class HelloWorldSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        getJspContext().getOut().write( "Hello, world!" );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b15603d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that accepts a num attribute and
+ * invokes its body 'num' times.
+ */
+public class RepeatSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    private int num;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        for (int i=0; i<num; i++) {
+            getJspContext().setAttribute("count", String.valueOf( i + 1 ) );
+            getJspBody().invoke(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setNum(int num) {
+        this.num = num;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/ShuffleSimpleTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/ShuffleSimpleTag.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd6dda2
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/ShuffleSimpleTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/ShuffleSimpleTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e80176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/ShuffleSimpleTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.JspFragment;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that accepts takes three attributes of type
+ * JspFragment and invokes then in a random order.
+ */
+public class ShuffleSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    // No need for this to use SecureRandom
+    private static final Random random = new Random();
+
+    private JspFragment fragment1;
+    private JspFragment fragment2;
+    private JspFragment fragment3;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        switch(random.nextInt(6)) {
+            case 0:
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 5:
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setFragment1( JspFragment fragment1 ) {
+        this.fragment1 = fragment1;
+    }
+
+    public void setFragment2( JspFragment fragment2 ) {
+        this.fragment2 = fragment2;
+    }
+
+    public void setFragment3( JspFragment fragment3 ) {
+        this.fragment3 = fragment3;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/TileSimpleTag.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/TileSimpleTag.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/TileSimpleTag.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/TileSimpleTag.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d4776c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/TileSimpleTag.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * Displays a tile as a single cell in a table.
+ */
+public class TileSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    private String color;
+    private String label;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        getJspContext().getOut().write(
+                "<td width=\"32\" height=\"32\" bgcolor=\"" + this.color +
+                "\"><font color=\"#ffffff\"><center>" + this.label +
+                "</center></font></td>" );
+    }
+
+    public void setColor( String color ) {
+        this.color = color;
+    }
+
+    public void setLabel( String label ) {
+        this.label = label;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/ContextListener.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/ContextListener.class
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/ContextListener.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/ContextListener.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a30227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/ContextListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package listeners;
+
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
+
+
+/**
+ * Example listener for context-related application events, which were
+ * introduced in the 2.3 version of the Servlet API.  This listener
+ * merely documents the occurrence of such events in the application log
+ * associated with our servlet context.
+ *
+ * @author Craig R. McClanahan
+ */
+public final class ContextListener
+    implements ServletContextAttributeListener, ServletContextListener {
+
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
+
+
+    /**
+     * The servlet context with which we are associated.
+     */
+    private ServletContext context = null;
+
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
+
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that a servlet context attribute was added.
+     *
+     * @param event The servlet context attribute event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
+
+        log("attributeAdded('" + event.getName() + "', '" +
+                event.getValue() + "')");
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that a servlet context attribute was removed.
+     *
+     * @param event The servlet context attribute event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
+
+        log("attributeRemoved('" + event.getName() + "', '" +
+                event.getValue() + "')");
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that a servlet context attribute was replaced.
+     *
+     * @param event The servlet context attribute event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
+
+        log("attributeReplaced('" + event.getName() + "', '" +
+                event.getValue() + "')");
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that this web application has been destroyed.
+     *
+     * @param event The servlet context event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
+
+        log("contextDestroyed()");
+        this.context = null;
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that this web application has been initialized.
+     *
+     * @param event The servlet context event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
+
+        this.context = event.getServletContext();
+        log("contextInitialized()");
+
+    }
+
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------- Private Methods
+
+
+    /**
+     * Log a message to the servlet context application log.
+     *
+     * @param message Message to be logged
+     */
+    private void log(String message) {
+
+        if (context != null) {
+            context.log("ContextListener: " + message);
+        } else {
+            System.out.println("ContextListener: " + message);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/SessionListener.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/SessionListener.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/SessionListener.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/SessionListener.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f2be18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/SessionListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package listeners;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
+
+/**
+ * Example listener for context-related application events, which were
+ * introduced in the 2.3 version of the Servlet API. This listener merely
+ * documents the occurrence of such events in the application log associated
+ * with our servlet context.
+ *
+ * @author Craig R. McClanahan
+ */
+public final class SessionListener implements ServletContextListener,
+        HttpSessionAttributeListener, HttpSessionListener {
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
+
+    /**
+     * The servlet context with which we are associated.
+     */
+    private ServletContext context = null;
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that a servlet context attribute was added.
+     *
+     * @param event
+     *            The session attribute event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
+
+        log("attributeAdded('" + event.getSession().getId() + "', '"
+                + event.getName() + "', '" + event.getValue() + "')");
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that a servlet context attribute was removed.
+     *
+     * @param event
+     *            The session attribute event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
+
+        log("attributeRemoved('" + event.getSession().getId() + "', '"
+                + event.getName() + "', '" + event.getValue() + "')");
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that a servlet context attribute was replaced.
+     *
+     * @param event
+     *            The session attribute event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
+
+        log("attributeReplaced('" + event.getSession().getId() + "', '"
+                + event.getName() + "', '" + event.getValue() + "')");
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that this web application has been destroyed.
+     *
+     * @param event
+     *            The servlet context event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
+
+        log("contextDestroyed()");
+        this.context = null;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that this web application has been initialized.
+     *
+     * @param event
+     *            The servlet context event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
+
+        this.context = event.getServletContext();
+        log("contextInitialized()");
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that a session has been created.
+     *
+     * @param event
+     *            The session event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) {
+
+        log("sessionCreated('" + event.getSession().getId() + "')");
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record the fact that a session has been destroyed.
+     *
+     * @param event
+     *            The session event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) {
+
+        log("sessionDestroyed('" + event.getSession().getId() + "')");
+
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------------------------------------- Private Methods
+
+    /**
+     * Log a message to the servlet context application log.
+     *
+     * @param message
+     *            Message to be logged
+     */
+    private void log(String message) {
+
+        if (context != null) {
+            context.log("SessionListener: " + message);
+        } else {
+            System.out.println("SessionListener: " + message);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter$CounterListener.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter$CounterListener.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3923780
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/ByteCounter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package nonblocking;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
+import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
+import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
+import javax.servlet.WriteListener;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+/**
+ * This doesn't do anything particularly useful - it just counts the total
+ * number of bytes in a request body while demonstrating how to perform
+ * non-blocking reads.
+ */
+public class ByteCounter extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
+            throws ServletException, IOException {
+
+        resp.setContentType("text/plain");
+        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        resp.getWriter().println("Try again using a POST request.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
+            throws ServletException, IOException {
+
+        resp.setContentType("text/plain");
+        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        // Non-blocking IO requires async
+        AsyncContext ac = req.startAsync();
+
+        // Use a single listener for read and write. Listeners often need to
+        // share state to coordinate reads and writes and this is much easier as
+        // a single object.
+        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+        CounterListener listener = new CounterListener(
+                ac, req.getInputStream(), resp.getOutputStream());
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Keep in mind that each call may well be on a different thread to the
+     * previous call. Ensure that changes in values will be visible across
+     * threads. There should only ever be one container thread at a time calling
+     * the listener.
+     */
+    private static class CounterListener implements ReadListener, WriteListener {
+
+        private final AsyncContext ac;
+        private final ServletInputStream sis;
+        private final ServletOutputStream sos;
+
+        private volatile boolean readFinished = false;
+        private volatile long totalBytesRead = 0;
+        private byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
+
+        private CounterListener(AsyncContext ac, ServletInputStream sis,
+                ServletOutputStream sos) {
+            this.ac = ac;
+            this.sis = sis;
+            this.sos = sos;
+
+            // In Tomcat, the order the listeners are set controls the order
+            // that the first calls are made. In this case, the read listener
+            // will be called before the write listener.
+            sis.setReadListener(this);
+            sos.setWriteListener(this);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDataAvailable() throws IOException {
+            int read = 0;
+            // Loop as long as there is data to read. If isReady() returns false
+            // the socket will be added to the poller and onDataAvailable() will
+            // be called again as soon as there is more data to read.
+            while (sis.isReady() && read > -1) {
+                read = sis.read(buffer);
+                if (read > 0) {
+                    totalBytesRead += read;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAllDataRead() throws IOException {
+            readFinished = true;
+
+            // If sos is not ready to write data, the call to isReady() will
+            // register the socket with the poller which will trigger a call to
+            // onWritePossible() when the socket is ready to have data written
+            // to it.
+            if (sos.isReady()) {
+                onWritePossible();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onWritePossible() throws IOException {
+            if (readFinished) {
+                // Must be ready to write data if onWritePossible was called
+                String msg = "Total bytes written = [" + totalBytesRead + "]";
+                sos.write(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+                ac.complete();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
+            // Should probably log the throwable
+            ac.complete();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter$NumberWriterListener.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter$NumberWriterListener.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7a6680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/nonblocking/NumberWriter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package nonblocking;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
+import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
+import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
+import javax.servlet.WriteListener;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+/**
+ * This doesn't do anything particularly useful - it just writes a series of
+ * numbers to the response body while demonstrating how to perform non-blocking
+ * writes.
+ */
+public class NumberWriter extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
+            throws ServletException, IOException {
+
+        resp.setContentType("text/plain");
+        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        // Non-blocking IO requires async
+        AsyncContext ac = req.startAsync();
+
+        // Use a single listener for read and write. Listeners often need to
+        // share state to coordinate reads and writes and this is much easier as
+        // a single object.
+        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+        NumberWriterListener listener = new NumberWriterListener(
+                ac, req.getInputStream(), resp.getOutputStream());
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Keep in mind that each call may well be on a different thread to the
+     * previous call. Ensure that changes in values will be visible across
+     * threads. There should only ever be one container thread at a time calling
+     * the listener.
+     */
+    private static class NumberWriterListener implements ReadListener,
+            WriteListener {
+
+        private static final int LIMIT =  10000;
+
+        private final AsyncContext ac;
+        private final ServletInputStream sis;
+        private final ServletOutputStream sos;
+        private final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        private volatile boolean readFinished = false;
+        private byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
+
+        private NumberWriterListener(AsyncContext ac, ServletInputStream sis,
+                ServletOutputStream sos) {
+            this.ac = ac;
+            this.sis = sis;
+            this.sos = sos;
+
+            // In Tomcat, the order the listeners are set controls the order
+            // that the first calls are made. In this case, the read listener
+            // will be called before the write listener.
+            sis.setReadListener(this);
+            sos.setWriteListener(this);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDataAvailable() throws IOException {
+
+            // There should be no data to read
+
+            int read = 0;
+            // Loop as long as there is data to read. If isReady() returns false
+            // the socket will be added to the poller and onDataAvailable() will
+            // be called again as soon as there is more data to read.
+            while (sis.isReady() && read > -1) {
+                read = sis.read(buffer);
+                if (read > 0) {
+                    throw new IOException("Data was present in input stream");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAllDataRead() throws IOException {
+            readFinished = true;
+
+            // If sos is not ready to write data, the call to isReady() will
+            // register the socket with the poller which will trigger a call to
+            // onWritePossible() when the socket is ready to have data written
+            // to it.
+            if (sos.isReady()) {
+                onWritePossible();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onWritePossible() throws IOException {
+            if (readFinished) {
+                int i = counter.get();
+                boolean ready = true;
+                while (i < LIMIT && ready) {
+                    i = counter.incrementAndGet();
+                    String msg = String.format("%1$020d\n", Integer.valueOf(i));
+                    sos.write(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+                    ready = sos.isReady();
+                }
+
+                if (i == LIMIT) {
+                    ac.complete();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
+            // Should probably log the throwable
+            ac.complete();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/num/NumberGuessBean.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/num/NumberGuessBean.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c072870
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/num/NumberGuessBean.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/num/NumberGuessBean.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c47c211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/num/NumberGuessBean.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Originally written by Jason Hunter, http://www.servlets.com.
+ */
+package num;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+public class NumberGuessBean implements Serializable {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private int answer;
+    private String hint;
+    private int numGuesses;
+    private boolean success;
+    private final Random random = new Random();
+
+    public NumberGuessBean() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    public int getAnswer() {
+        return answer;
+    }
+
+    public void setAnswer(int answer) {
+        this.answer = answer;
+    }
+
+    public String getHint() {
+        return "" + hint;
+    }
+
+    public void setHint(String hint) {
+        this.hint = hint;
+    }
+
+    public void setNumGuesses(int numGuesses) {
+        this.numGuesses = numGuesses;
+    }
+
+    public int getNumGuesses() {
+        return numGuesses;
+    }
+
+    public boolean getSuccess() {
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    public void setSuccess(boolean success) {
+        this.success = success;
+    }
+
+    public void setGuess(String guess) {
+        numGuesses++;
+
+        int g;
+        try {
+            g = Integer.parseInt(guess);
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            g = -1;
+        }
+
+        if (g == answer) {
+            success = true;
+        } else if (g == -1) {
+            hint = "a number next time";
+        } else if (g < answer) {
+            hint = "higher";
+        } else if (g > answer) {
+            hint = "lower";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void reset() {
+        answer = Math.abs(random.nextInt() % 100) + 1;
+        success = false;
+        numGuesses = 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/sessions/DummyCart.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/sessions/DummyCart.class
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index 0000000..105c6c4
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/sessions/DummyCart.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/sessions/DummyCart.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44decc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/sessions/DummyCart.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package sessions;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class DummyCart {
+    final List<String> items = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
+    String submit = null;
+    String item = null;
+
+    private void addItem(String name) {
+        items.add(name);
+    }
+
+    private void removeItem(String name) {
+        items.remove(name);
+    }
+
+    public void setItem(String name) {
+        item = name;
+    }
+
+    public void setSubmit(String s) {
+        submit = s;
+    }
+
+    public String[] getItems() {
+        return items.toArray(new String[0]);
+    }
+
+    public void processRequest() {
+        // null value for submit - user hit enter instead of clicking on
+        // "add" or "remove"
+        if (submit == null || submit.equals("add")) {
+            addItem(item);
+        } else if (submit.equals("remove")) {
+            removeItem(item);
+        }
+
+        // reset at the end of the request
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    // reset
+    private void reset() {
+        submit = null;
+        item = null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers$TrailerFieldSupplier.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers$TrailerFieldSupplier.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..437fb7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/trailers/ResponseTrailers.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package trailers;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+/**
+ * This example writes some trailer fields to the HTTP response.
+ */
+public class ResponseTrailers extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+    private static final Supplier<Map<String,String>> TRAILER_FIELD_SUPPLIER =
+            new TrailerFieldSupplier();
+
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
+            throws ServletException, IOException {
+
+        resp.setTrailerFields(TRAILER_FIELD_SUPPLIER);
+        resp.setContentType("text/plain");
+        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+        PrintWriter pw  = resp.getWriter();
+
+        pw.print("This response should include trailer fields.");
+    }
+
+
+    private static class TrailerFieldSupplier implements Supplier<Map<String,String>> {
+
+        private static final Map<String,String> trailerFields = new HashMap<>();
+
+        static {
+            trailerFields.put("x-trailer-1", "Trailer value one");
+            trailerFields.put("x-trailer-2", "Trailer value two");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<String, String> get() {
+            return trailerFields;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/CookieFilter.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/CookieFilter.class
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/CookieFilter.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/CookieFilter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7c8550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/CookieFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package util;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+
+/**
+ * Processes a cookie header and attempts to obfuscate any cookie values that
+ * represent session IDs from other web applications. Since session cookie names
+ * are configurable, as are session ID lengths, this filter is not expected to
+ * be 100% effective.
+ *
+ * It is required that the examples web application is removed in security
+ * conscious environments as documented in the Security How-To. This filter is
+ * intended to reduce the impact of failing to follow that advice. A failure by
+ * this filter to obfuscate a session ID or similar value is not a security
+ * vulnerability. In such instances the vulnerability is the failure to remove
+ * the examples web application.
+ */
+public class CookieFilter {
+
+    private static final String OBFUSCATED = "[obfuscated]";
+
+    private CookieFilter() {
+        // Hide default constructor
+    }
+
+    public static String filter(String cookieHeader, String sessionId) {
+
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(cookieHeader.length());
+
+        // Cookie name value pairs are ';' separated.
+        // Session IDs don't use ; in the value so don't worry about quoted
+        // values that contain ;
+        StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(cookieHeader, ";");
+
+        boolean first = true;
+        while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
+            if (first) {
+                first = false;
+            } else {
+                sb.append(';');
+            }
+            sb.append(filterNameValuePair(st.nextToken(), sessionId));
+        }
+
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String filterNameValuePair(String input, String sessionId) {
+        int i = input.indexOf('=');
+        if (i == -1) {
+            return input;
+        }
+        String name = input.substring(0, i);
+        String value = input.substring(i + 1);
+
+        return name + "=" + filter(name, value, sessionId);
+    }
+
+    public static String filter(String cookieName, String cookieValue, String sessionId) {
+        if (cookieName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH).contains("jsessionid") &&
+                (sessionId == null || !cookieValue.contains(sessionId))) {
+            cookieValue = OBFUSCATED;
+        }
+
+        return cookieValue;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/HTMLFilter.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/HTMLFilter.class
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/HTMLFilter.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/HTMLFilter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d18d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/HTMLFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package util;
+
+/**
+ * HTML filter utility.
+ *
+ * @author Craig R. McClanahan
+ * @author Tim Tye
+ */
+public final class HTMLFilter {
+
+
+    /**
+     * Filter the specified message string for characters that are sensitive
+     * in HTML.  This avoids potential attacks caused by including JavaScript
+     * codes in the request URL that is often reported in error messages.
+     *
+     * @param message The message string to be filtered
+     *
+     * @return the filtered version of the message
+     */
+    public static String filter(String message) {
+
+        if (message == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        char content[] = new char[message.length()];
+        message.getChars(0, message.length(), content, 0);
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(content.length + 50);
+        for (char c : content) {
+            switch (c) {
+                case '<':
+                    result.append("&lt;");
+                    break;
+                case '>':
+                    result.append("&gt;");
+                    break;
+                case '&':
+                    result.append("&amp;");
+                    break;
+                case '"':
+                    result.append("&quot;");
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    result.append(c);
+            }
+        }
+        return result.toString();
+    }
+
+
+}
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/validators/DebugValidator.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/validators/DebugValidator.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c816f2
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/validators/DebugValidator.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/validators/DebugValidator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..167dbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/validators/DebugValidator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package validators;
+
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.PageData;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagLibraryValidator;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.ValidationMessage;
+
+
+/**
+ * Example tag library validator that simply dumps the XML version of each
+ * page to standard output (which will typically be sent to the file
+ * <code>$CATALINA_HOME/logs/catalina.out</code>).  To utilize it, simply
+ * include a <code>taglib</code> directive for this tag library at the top
+ * of your JSP page.
+ *
+ * @author Craig McClanahan
+ */
+public class DebugValidator extends TagLibraryValidator {
+
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
+
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
+
+
+    /**
+     * Validate a JSP page.  This will get invoked once per directive in the
+     * JSP page.  This method will return <code>null</code> if the page is
+     * valid; otherwise the method should return an array of
+     * <code>ValidationMessage</code> objects.  An array of length zero is
+     * also interpreted as no errors.
+     *
+     * @param prefix The value of the prefix argument in this directive
+     * @param uri The value of the URI argument in this directive
+     * @param page The page data for this page
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ValidationMessage[] validate(String prefix, String uri,
+                                        PageData page) {
+
+        System.out.println("---------- Prefix=" + prefix + " URI=" + uri +
+                           "----------");
+
+        InputStream is = page.getInputStream();
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                int ch = is.read();
+                if (ch < 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                System.out.print((char) ch);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println();
+        System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------");
+        return null;
+
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/ExamplesConfig.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/ExamplesConfig.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6df8d22
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/ExamplesConfig.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/ExamplesConfig.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba8c60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/ExamplesConfig.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javax.websocket.Endpoint;
+import javax.websocket.server.ServerApplicationConfig;
+import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpointConfig;
+
+import websocket.drawboard.DrawboardEndpoint;
+import websocket.echo.EchoEndpoint;
+
+public class ExamplesConfig implements ServerApplicationConfig {
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<ServerEndpointConfig> getEndpointConfigs(
+            Set<Class<? extends Endpoint>> scanned) {
+
+        Set<ServerEndpointConfig> result = new HashSet<>();
+
+        if (scanned.contains(EchoEndpoint.class)) {
+            result.add(ServerEndpointConfig.Builder.create(
+                    EchoEndpoint.class,
+                    "/websocket/echoProgrammatic").build());
+        }
+
+        if (scanned.contains(DrawboardEndpoint.class)) {
+            result.add(ServerEndpointConfig.Builder.create(
+                    DrawboardEndpoint.class,
+                    "/websocket/drawboard").build());
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<Class<?>> getAnnotatedEndpointClasses(Set<Class<?>> scanned) {
+        // Deploy all WebSocket endpoints defined by annotations in the examples
+        // web application. Filter out all others to avoid issues when running
+        // tests on Gump
+        Set<Class<?>> results = new HashSet<>();
+        for (Class<?> clazz : scanned) {
+            if (clazz.getPackage().getName().startsWith("websocket.")) {
+                results.add(clazz);
+            }
+        }
+        return results;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/chat/ChatAnnotation.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/chat/ChatAnnotation.class
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index 0000000..b335efd
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/chat/ChatAnnotation.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/chat/ChatAnnotation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1d5523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/chat/ChatAnnotation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.chat;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import javax.websocket.OnClose;
+import javax.websocket.OnError;
+import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
+import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
+
+import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import util.HTMLFilter;
+
+@ServerEndpoint(value = "/websocket/chat")
+public class ChatAnnotation {
+
+    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ChatAnnotation.class);
+
+    private static final String GUEST_PREFIX = "Guest";
+    private static final AtomicInteger connectionIds = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    private static final Set<ChatAnnotation> connections =
+            new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
+
+    private final String nickname;
+    private Session session;
+
+    public ChatAnnotation() {
+        nickname = GUEST_PREFIX + connectionIds.getAndIncrement();
+    }
+
+
+    @OnOpen
+    public void start(Session session) {
+        this.session = session;
+        connections.add(this);
+        String message = String.format("* %s %s", nickname, "has joined.");
+        broadcast(message);
+    }
+
+
+    @OnClose
+    public void end() {
+        connections.remove(this);
+        String message = String.format("* %s %s",
+                nickname, "has disconnected.");
+        broadcast(message);
+    }
+
+
+    @OnMessage
+    public void incoming(String message) {
+        // Never trust the client
+        String filteredMessage = String.format("%s: %s",
+                nickname, HTMLFilter.filter(message.toString()));
+        broadcast(filteredMessage);
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    @OnError
+    public void onError(Throwable t) throws Throwable {
+        log.error("Chat Error: " + t.toString(), t);
+    }
+
+
+    private static void broadcast(String msg) {
+        for (ChatAnnotation client : connections) {
+            try {
+                synchronized (client) {
+                    client.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(msg);
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                log.debug("Chat Error: Failed to send message to client", e);
+                connections.remove(client);
+                try {
+                    client.session.close();
+                } catch (IOException e1) {
+                    // Ignore
+                }
+                String message = String.format("* %s %s",
+                        client.nickname, "has been disconnected.");
+                broadcast(message);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Client$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Client$1.class
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index 0000000..bd79f5a
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Client.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Client.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b50035e
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Client.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Client.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..049d881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Client.java
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Deque;
+
+import javax.websocket.CloseReason;
+import javax.websocket.CloseReason.CloseCodes;
+import javax.websocket.RemoteEndpoint.Async;
+import javax.websocket.SendHandler;
+import javax.websocket.SendResult;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+
+import websocket.drawboard.wsmessages.AbstractWebsocketMessage;
+import websocket.drawboard.wsmessages.BinaryWebsocketMessage;
+import websocket.drawboard.wsmessages.CloseWebsocketMessage;
+import websocket.drawboard.wsmessages.StringWebsocketMessage;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a client with methods to send messages asynchronously.
+ */
+public class Client {
+
+    private final Session session;
+    private final Async async;
+
+    /**
+     * Contains the messages which are buffered until the previous
+     * send operation has finished.
+     */
+    private final Deque<AbstractWebsocketMessage> messagesToSend = new ArrayDeque<>();
+    /**
+     * If this client is currently sending a messages asynchronously.
+     */
+    private volatile boolean isSendingMessage = false;
+    /**
+     * If this client is closing. If <code>true</code>, new messages to
+     * send will be ignored.
+     */
+    private volatile boolean isClosing = false;
+    /**
+     * The length of all current buffered messages, to avoid iterating
+     * over a linked list.
+     */
+    private volatile long messagesToSendLength = 0;
+
+    public Client(Session session) {
+        this.session = session;
+        this.async = session.getAsyncRemote();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asynchronously closes the Websocket session. This will wait until all
+     * remaining messages have been sent to the Client and then close
+     * the Websocket session.
+     */
+    public void close() {
+        sendMessage(new CloseWebsocketMessage());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends the given message asynchronously to the client.
+     * If there is already a async sending in progress, then the message
+     * will be buffered and sent when possible.<br><br>
+     *
+     * This method can be called from multiple threads.
+     *
+     * @param msg The message to send
+     */
+    public void sendMessage(AbstractWebsocketMessage msg) {
+        synchronized (messagesToSend) {
+            if (!isClosing) {
+                // Check if we have a Close message
+                if (msg instanceof CloseWebsocketMessage) {
+                    isClosing = true;
+                }
+
+                if (isSendingMessage) {
+                    // Check if the buffered messages exceed
+                    // a specific amount - in that case, disconnect the client
+                    // to prevent DoS.
+                    // In this case we check if there are >= 1000 messages
+                    // or length(of all messages) >= 1000000 bytes.
+                    if (messagesToSend.size() >= 1000
+                            || messagesToSendLength >= 1000000) {
+                        isClosing = true;
+
+                        // Discard the new message and close the session immediately.
+                        CloseReason cr = new CloseReason(
+                                CloseCodes.VIOLATED_POLICY,
+                                "Send Buffer exceeded");
+                        try {
+                            // TODO: close() may block if the remote endpoint doesn't read the data
+                            // (eventually there will be a TimeoutException). However, this method
+                            // (sendMessage) is intended to run asynchronous code and shouldn't
+                            // block. Otherwise it would temporarily stop processing of messages
+                            // from other clients.
+                            // Maybe call this method on another thread.
+                            // Note that when this method is called, the RemoteEndpoint.Async
+                            // is still in the process of sending data, so there probably should
+                            // be another way to cancel the Websocket connection.
+                            // Ideally, there should be some method that cancels the connection
+                            // immediately...
+                            session.close(cr);
+                        } catch (IOException e) {
+                            // Ignore
+                        }
+
+                    } else {
+
+                        // Check if the last message and the new message are
+                        // String messages - in that case we concatenate them
+                        // to reduce TCP overhead (using ";" as separator).
+                        if (msg instanceof StringWebsocketMessage
+                                && !messagesToSend.isEmpty()
+                                && messagesToSend.getLast()
+                                instanceof StringWebsocketMessage) {
+
+                            StringWebsocketMessage ms =
+                                    (StringWebsocketMessage) messagesToSend.removeLast();
+                            messagesToSendLength -= calculateMessageLength(ms);
+
+                            String concatenated = ms.getString() + ";" +
+                                    ((StringWebsocketMessage) msg).getString();
+                            msg = new StringWebsocketMessage(concatenated);
+                        }
+
+                        messagesToSend.add(msg);
+                        messagesToSendLength += calculateMessageLength(msg);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    isSendingMessage = true;
+                    internalSendMessageAsync(msg);
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long calculateMessageLength(AbstractWebsocketMessage msg) {
+        if (msg instanceof BinaryWebsocketMessage) {
+            return ((BinaryWebsocketMessage) msg).getBytes().capacity();
+        } else if (msg instanceof StringWebsocketMessage) {
+            return ((StringWebsocketMessage) msg).getString().length() * 2;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internally sends the messages asynchronously.
+     *
+     * @param msg Message to send
+     */
+    private void internalSendMessageAsync(AbstractWebsocketMessage msg) {
+        try {
+            if (msg instanceof StringWebsocketMessage) {
+                StringWebsocketMessage sMsg = (StringWebsocketMessage) msg;
+                async.sendText(sMsg.getString(), sendHandler);
+
+            } else if (msg instanceof BinaryWebsocketMessage) {
+                BinaryWebsocketMessage bMsg = (BinaryWebsocketMessage) msg;
+                async.sendBinary(bMsg.getBytes(), sendHandler);
+
+            } else if (msg instanceof CloseWebsocketMessage) {
+                // Close the session.
+                session.close();
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalStateException|IOException ex) {
+            // Trying to write to the client when the session has
+            // already been closed.
+            // Ignore
+        }
+    }
+
+
+
+    /**
+     * SendHandler that will continue to send buffered messages.
+     */
+    private final SendHandler sendHandler = new SendHandler() {
+        @Override
+        public void onResult(SendResult result) {
+            if (!result.isOK()) {
+                // Message could not be sent. In this case, we don't
+                // set isSendingMessage to false because we must assume the connection
+                // broke (and onClose will be called), so we don't try to send
+                // other messages.
+                // As a precaution, we close the session (e.g. if a send timeout occurred).
+                // TODO: session.close() blocks, while this handler shouldn't block.
+                // Ideally, there should be some method that cancels the connection
+                // immediately...
+                try {
+                    session.close();
+                } catch (IOException ex) {
+                    // Ignore
+                }
+            }
+            synchronized (messagesToSend) {
+
+                if (!messagesToSend.isEmpty()) {
+                    AbstractWebsocketMessage msg = messagesToSend.remove();
+                    messagesToSendLength -= calculateMessageLength(msg);
+
+                    internalSendMessageAsync(msg);
+
+                } else {
+                    isSendingMessage = false;
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawMessage$ParseException.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawMessage$ParseException.class
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index 0000000..2a05e6b
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawMessage.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawMessage.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawMessage.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33de557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard;
+
+import java.awt.BasicStroke;
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.awt.Graphics2D;
+import java.awt.geom.Arc2D;
+import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
+import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
+
+/**
+ * A message that represents a drawing action.
+ * Note that we use primitive types instead of Point, Color etc.
+ * to reduce object allocation.<br><br>
+ *
+ * TODO: But a Color objects needs to be created anyway for drawing this
+ * onto a Graphics2D object, so this probably does not save much.
+ */
+public final class DrawMessage {
+
+    private int type;
+    private byte colorR, colorG, colorB, colorA;
+    private double thickness;
+    private double x1, y1, x2, y2;
+
+    /**
+     * The type.
+     *
+     * @return 1: Brush<br>2: Line<br>3: Rectangle<br>4: Ellipse
+     */
+    public int getType() {
+        return type;
+    }
+    public void setType(int type) {
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+
+    public double getThickness() {
+        return thickness;
+    }
+    public void setThickness(double thickness) {
+        this.thickness = thickness;
+    }
+
+    public byte getColorR() {
+        return colorR;
+    }
+    public void setColorR(byte colorR) {
+        this.colorR = colorR;
+    }
+    public byte getColorG() {
+        return colorG;
+    }
+    public void setColorG(byte colorG) {
+        this.colorG = colorG;
+    }
+    public byte getColorB() {
+        return colorB;
+    }
+    public void setColorB(byte colorB) {
+        this.colorB = colorB;
+    }
+    public byte getColorA() {
+        return colorA;
+    }
+    public void setColorA(byte colorA) {
+        this.colorA = colorA;
+    }
+
+    public double getX1() {
+        return x1;
+    }
+    public void setX1(double x1) {
+        this.x1 = x1;
+    }
+    public double getX2() {
+        return x2;
+    }
+    public void setX2(double x2) {
+        this.x2 = x2;
+    }
+    public double getY1() {
+        return y1;
+    }
+    public void setY1(double y1) {
+        this.y1 = y1;
+    }
+    public double getY2() {
+        return y2;
+    }
+    public void setY2(double y2) {
+        this.y2 = y2;
+    }
+
+
+    public DrawMessage(int type, byte colorR, byte colorG, byte colorB,
+            byte colorA, double thickness, double x1, double x2, double y1,
+            double y2) {
+
+        this.type = type;
+        this.colorR = colorR;
+        this.colorG = colorG;
+        this.colorB = colorB;
+        this.colorA = colorA;
+        this.thickness = thickness;
+        this.x1 = x1;
+        this.x2 = x2;
+        this.y1 = y1;
+        this.y2 = y2;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Draws this DrawMessage onto the given Graphics2D.
+     *
+     * @param g The target for the DrawMessage
+     */
+    public void draw(Graphics2D g) {
+
+        g.setStroke(new BasicStroke((float) thickness,
+                BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER));
+        g.setColor(new Color(colorR & 0xFF, colorG & 0xFF, colorB & 0xFF,
+                colorA & 0xFF));
+
+        if (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2) {
+            // Always draw as arc to meet the behavior in the HTML5 Canvas.
+            Arc2D arc = new Arc2D.Double(x1, y1, 0, 0,
+                    0d, 360d, Arc2D.OPEN);
+            g.draw(arc);
+
+        } else if (type == 1 || type == 2) {
+            // Draw a line.
+            Line2D line = new Line2D.Double(x1, y1, x2, y2);
+            g.draw(line);
+
+        } else if (type == 3 || type == 4) {
+            double x1 = this.x1, x2 = this.x2,
+                    y1 = this.y1, y2 = this.y2;
+            if (x1 > x2) {
+                x1 = this.x2;
+                x2 = this.x1;
+            }
+            if (y1 > y2) {
+                y1 = this.y2;
+                y2 = this.y1;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: If (x1 == x2 || y1 == y2) draw as line.
+
+            if (type == 3) {
+                // Draw a rectangle.
+                Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(x1, y1,
+                        x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
+                g.draw(rect);
+
+            } else if (type == 4) {
+                // Draw an ellipse.
+                Arc2D arc = new Arc2D.Double(x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1,
+                        0d, 360d, Arc2D.OPEN);
+                g.draw(arc);
+
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts this message into a String representation that
+     * can be sent over WebSocket.<br>
+     * Since a DrawMessage consists only of numbers,
+     * we concatenate those numbers with a ",".
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+
+        return type + "," + (colorR & 0xFF) + "," + (colorG & 0xFF) + ","
+                + (colorB & 0xFF) + "," + (colorA & 0xFF) + "," + thickness
+                + "," + x1 + "," + y1 + "," + x2 + "," + y2;
+    }
+
+    public static DrawMessage parseFromString(String str)
+            throws ParseException {
+
+        int type;
+        byte[] colors = new byte[4];
+        double thickness;
+        double[] coords = new double[4];
+
+        try {
+            String[] elements = str.split(",");
+
+            type = Integer.parseInt(elements[0]);
+            if (!(type >= 1 && type <= 4)) {
+                throw new ParseException("Invalid type: " + type);
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
+                colors[i] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(elements[1 + i]);
+            }
+
+            thickness = Double.parseDouble(elements[5]);
+            if (Double.isNaN(thickness) || thickness < 0 || thickness > 100) {
+                throw new ParseException("Invalid thickness: " + thickness);
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < coords.length; i++) {
+                coords[i] = Double.parseDouble(elements[6 + i]);
+                if (Double.isNaN(coords[i])) {
+                    throw new ParseException("Invalid coordinate: "
+                            + coords[i]);
+                }
+            }
+
+        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
+            throw new ParseException(ex);
+        }
+
+        DrawMessage m = new DrawMessage(type, colors[0], colors[1],
+                colors[2], colors[3], thickness, coords[0], coords[2],
+                coords[1], coords[3]);
+
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    public static class ParseException extends Exception {
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = -6651972769789842960L;
+
+        public ParseException(Throwable root) {
+            super(root);
+        }
+
+        public ParseException(String message) {
+            super(message);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardContextListener.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardContextListener.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardContextListener.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardContextListener.java
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index 0000000..ef909e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardContextListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
+
+public final class DrawboardContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
+        // Shutdown our room.
+        Room room = DrawboardEndpoint.getRoom(false);
+        if (room != null) {
+            room.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardEndpoint$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardEndpoint$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardEndpoint$3$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardEndpoint$3$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardEndpoint.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardEndpoint.java
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/DrawboardEndpoint.java
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard;
+
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.websocket.CloseReason;
+import javax.websocket.Endpoint;
+import javax.websocket.EndpointConfig;
+import javax.websocket.MessageHandler;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+
+import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import websocket.drawboard.DrawMessage.ParseException;
+import websocket.drawboard.wsmessages.StringWebsocketMessage;
+
+
+public final class DrawboardEndpoint extends Endpoint {
+
+    private static final Log log =
+            LogFactory.getLog(DrawboardEndpoint.class);
+
+
+    /**
+     * Our room where players can join.
+     */
+    private static volatile Room room = null;
+    private static final Object roomLock = new Object();
+
+    public static Room getRoom(boolean create) {
+        if (create) {
+            if (room == null) {
+                synchronized (roomLock) {
+                    if (room == null) {
+                        room = new Room();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return room;
+        } else {
+            return room;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The player that is associated with this Endpoint and the current room.
+     * Note that this variable is only accessed from the Room Thread.<br><br>
+     *
+     * TODO: Currently, Tomcat uses an Endpoint instance once - however
+     * the java doc of endpoint says:
+     * "Each instance of a websocket endpoint is guaranteed not to be called by
+     * more than one thread at a time per active connection."
+     * This could mean that after calling onClose(), the instance
+     * could be reused for another connection so onOpen() will get called
+     * (possibly from another thread).<br>
+     * If this is the case, we would need a variable holder for the variables
+     * that are accessed by the Room thread, and read the reference to the holder
+     * at the beginning of onOpen, onMessage, onClose methods to ensure the room
+     * thread always gets the correct instance of the variable holder.
+     */
+    private Room.Player player;
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void onOpen(Session session, EndpointConfig config) {
+        // Set maximum messages size to 10.000 bytes.
+        session.setMaxTextMessageBufferSize(10000);
+        session.addMessageHandler(stringHandler);
+        final Client client = new Client(session);
+
+        final Room room = getRoom(true);
+        room.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+
+                    // Create a new Player and add it to the room.
+                    try {
+                        player = room.createAndAddPlayer(client);
+                    } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
+                        // Probably the max. number of players has been
+                        // reached.
+                        client.sendMessage(new StringWebsocketMessage(
+                                "0" + ex.getLocalizedMessage()));
+                        // Close the connection.
+                        client.close();
+                    }
+
+                } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
+                    log.error("Unexpected exception: " + ex.toString(), ex);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void onClose(Session session, CloseReason closeReason) {
+        Room room = getRoom(false);
+        if (room != null) {
+            room.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
+                @Override
+                public void run() {
+                    try {
+                        // Player can be null if it couldn't enter the room
+                        if (player != null) {
+                            // Remove this player from the room.
+                            player.removeFromRoom();
+
+                            // Set player to null to prevent NPEs when onMessage events
+                            // are processed (from other threads) after onClose has been
+                            // called from different thread which closed the Websocket session.
+                            player = null;
+                        }
+                    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
+                        log.error("Unexpected exception: " + ex.toString(), ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(Session session, Throwable t) {
+        // Most likely cause is a user closing their browser. Check to see if
+        // the root cause is EOF and if it is ignore it.
+        // Protect against infinite loops.
+        int count = 0;
+        Throwable root = t;
+        while (root.getCause() != null && count < 20) {
+            root = root.getCause();
+            count ++;
+        }
+        if (root instanceof EOFException) {
+            // Assume this is triggered by the user closing their browser and
+            // ignore it.
+        } else if (!session.isOpen() && root instanceof IOException) {
+            // IOException after close. Assume this is a variation of the user
+            // closing their browser (or refreshing very quickly) and ignore it.
+        } else {
+            log.error("onError: " + t.toString(), t);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+
+    private final MessageHandler.Whole<String> stringHandler =
+            new MessageHandler.Whole<String>() {
+
+        @Override
+        public void onMessage(final String message) {
+            // Invoke handling of the message in the room.
+            room.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
+                @Override
+                public void run() {
+                    try {
+
+                        // Currently, the only types of messages the client will send
+                        // are draw messages prefixed by a Message ID
+                        // (starting with char '1'), and pong messages (starting
+                        // with char '0').
+                        // Draw messages should look like this:
+                        // ID|type,colR,colB,colG,colA,thickness,x1,y1,x2,y2,lastInChain
+
+                        boolean dontSwallowException = false;
+                        try {
+                            char messageType = message.charAt(0);
+                            String messageContent = message.substring(1);
+                            switch (messageType) {
+                            case '0':
+                                // Pong message.
+                                // Do nothing.
+                                break;
+
+                            case '1':
+                                // Draw message
+                                int indexOfChar = messageContent.indexOf('|');
+                                long msgId = Long.parseLong(
+                                        messageContent.substring(0, indexOfChar));
+
+                                DrawMessage msg = DrawMessage.parseFromString(
+                                        messageContent.substring(indexOfChar + 1));
+
+                                // Don't ignore RuntimeExceptions thrown by
+                                // this method
+                                // TODO: Find a better solution than this variable
+                                dontSwallowException = true;
+                                if (player != null) {
+                                    player.handleDrawMessage(msg, msgId);
+                                }
+                                dontSwallowException = false;
+
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        } catch (ParseException e) {
+                            // Client sent invalid data
+                            // Ignore, TODO: maybe close connection
+                        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                            // Client sent invalid data.
+                            // Ignore, TODO: maybe close connection
+                            if (dontSwallowException) {
+                                throw e;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
+                        log.error("Unexpected exception: " + ex.toString(), ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+        }
+    };
+
+
+}
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Room.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Room.java
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/Room.java
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard;
+
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.awt.Graphics2D;
+import java.awt.RenderingHints;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+
+import websocket.drawboard.wsmessages.BinaryWebsocketMessage;
+import websocket.drawboard.wsmessages.StringWebsocketMessage;
+
+/**
+ * A Room represents a drawboard where a number of
+ * users participate.<br><br>
+ *
+ * Note: Instance methods should only be invoked by calling
+ * {@link #invokeAndWait(Runnable)} to ensure access is correctly synchronized.
+ */
+public final class Room {
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies the type of a room message that is sent to a client.<br>
+     * Note: Currently we are sending simple string messages - for production
+     * apps, a JSON lib should be used for object-level messages.<br><br>
+     *
+     * The number (single char) will be prefixed to the string when sending
+     * the message.
+     */
+    public enum MessageType {
+        /**
+         * '0': Error: contains error message.
+         */
+        ERROR('0'),
+        /**
+         * '1': DrawMessage: contains serialized DrawMessage(s) prefixed
+         *      with the current Player's {@link Player#lastReceivedMessageId}
+         *      and ",".<br>
+         *      Multiple draw messages are concatenated with "|" as separator.
+         */
+        DRAW_MESSAGE('1'),
+        /**
+         * '2': ImageMessage: Contains number of current players in this room.
+         *      After this message a Binary Websocket message will follow,
+         *      containing the current Room image as PNG.<br>
+         *      This is the first message that a Room sends to a new Player.
+         */
+        IMAGE_MESSAGE('2'),
+        /**
+         * '3': PlayerChanged: contains "+" or "-" which indicate a player
+         *      was added or removed to this Room.
+         */
+        PLAYER_CHANGED('3');
+
+        private final char flag;
+
+        MessageType(char flag) {
+            this.flag = flag;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * The lock used to synchronize access to this Room.
+     */
+    private final ReentrantLock roomLock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this room has already been shutdown.
+     */
+    private volatile boolean closed = false;
+
+    /**
+     * If <code>true</code>, outgoing DrawMessages will be buffered until the
+     * drawmessageBroadcastTimer ticks. Otherwise they will be sent
+     * immediately.
+     */
+    private static final boolean BUFFER_DRAW_MESSAGES = true;
+
+    /**
+     * A timer which sends buffered drawmessages to the client at once
+     * at a regular interval, to avoid sending a lot of very small
+     * messages which would cause TCP overhead and high CPU usage.
+     */
+    private final Timer drawmessageBroadcastTimer = new Timer();
+
+    private static final int TIMER_DELAY = 30;
+
+    /**
+     * The current active broadcast timer task. If null, then no Broadcast task is scheduled.
+     * The Task will be scheduled if the first player enters the Room, and
+     * cancelled if the last player exits the Room, to avoid unnecessary timer executions.
+     */
+    private TimerTask activeBroadcastTimerTask;
+
+
+    /**
+     * The current image of the room drawboard. DrawMessages that are
+     * received from Players will be drawn onto this image.
+     */
+    private final BufferedImage roomImage =
+            new BufferedImage(900, 600, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+    private final Graphics2D roomGraphics = roomImage.createGraphics();
+
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum number of players that can join this room.
+     */
+    private static final int MAX_PLAYER_COUNT = 100;
+
+    /**
+     * List of all currently joined players.
+     */
+    private final List<Player> players = new ArrayList<>();
+
+
+
+    public Room() {
+        roomGraphics.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
+                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
+
+        // Clear the image with white background.
+        roomGraphics.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
+        roomGraphics.clearRect(0, 0, roomImage.getWidth(),
+                roomImage.getHeight());
+    }
+
+    private TimerTask createBroadcastTimerTask() {
+        return new TimerTask() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void run() {
+                        broadcastTimerTick();
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Player from the given Client and adds it to this room.
+     *
+     * @param client the client
+     *
+     * @return The newly created player
+     */
+    public Player createAndAddPlayer(Client client) {
+        if (players.size() >= MAX_PLAYER_COUNT) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Maximum player count ("
+                    + MAX_PLAYER_COUNT + ") has been reached.");
+        }
+
+        Player p = new Player(this, client);
+
+        // Broadcast to the other players that one player joined.
+        broadcastRoomMessage(MessageType.PLAYER_CHANGED, "+");
+
+        // Add the new player to the list.
+        players.add(p);
+
+        // If currently no Broadcast Timer Task is scheduled, then we need to create one.
+        if (activeBroadcastTimerTask == null) {
+            activeBroadcastTimerTask = createBroadcastTimerTask();
+            drawmessageBroadcastTimer.schedule(activeBroadcastTimerTask,
+                    TIMER_DELAY, TIMER_DELAY);
+        }
+
+        // Send the current number of players and the current room image.
+        String content = String.valueOf(players.size());
+        p.sendRoomMessage(MessageType.IMAGE_MESSAGE, content);
+
+        // Store image as PNG
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        try {
+            ImageIO.write(roomImage, "PNG", bout);
+        } catch (IOException e) { /* Should never happen */ }
+
+
+        // Send the image as binary message.
+        BinaryWebsocketMessage msg = new BinaryWebsocketMessage(
+                ByteBuffer.wrap(bout.toByteArray()));
+        p.getClient().sendMessage(msg);
+
+        return p;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Player#removeFromRoom()
+     * @param p player to remove
+     */
+    private void internalRemovePlayer(Player p) {
+        boolean removed = players.remove(p);
+        assert removed;
+
+        // If the last player left the Room, we need to cancel the Broadcast Timer Task.
+        if (players.size() == 0) {
+            // Cancel the task.
+            // Note that it can happen that the TimerTask is just about to execute (from
+            // the Timer thread) but waits until all players are gone (or even until a new
+            // player is added to the list), and then executes. This is OK. To prevent it,
+            // a TimerTask subclass would need to have some boolean "cancel" instance variable and
+            // query it in the invocation of Room#invokeAndWait.
+            activeBroadcastTimerTask.cancel();
+            activeBroadcastTimerTask = null;
+        }
+
+        // Broadcast that one player is removed.
+        broadcastRoomMessage(MessageType.PLAYER_CHANGED, "-");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Player#handleDrawMessage(DrawMessage, long)
+     * @param p player
+     * @param msg message containing details of new shapes to draw
+     * @param msgId message ID
+     */
+    private void internalHandleDrawMessage(Player p, DrawMessage msg,
+            long msgId) {
+        p.setLastReceivedMessageId(msgId);
+
+        // Draw the RoomMessage onto our Room Image.
+        msg.draw(roomGraphics);
+
+        // Broadcast the Draw Message.
+        broadcastDrawMessage(msg);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcasts the given drawboard message to all connected players.<br>
+     * Note: For DrawMessages, please use
+     * {@link #broadcastDrawMessage(DrawMessage)}
+     * as this method will buffer them and prefix them with the correct
+     * last received Message ID.
+     * @param type message type
+     * @param content message content
+     */
+    private void broadcastRoomMessage(MessageType type, String content) {
+        for (Player p : players) {
+            p.sendRoomMessage(type, content);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast the given DrawMessage. This will buffer the message
+     * and the {@link #drawmessageBroadcastTimer} will broadcast them
+     * at a regular interval, prefixing them with the player's current
+     * {@link Player#lastReceivedMessageId}.
+     * @param msg message to broadcast
+     */
+    private void broadcastDrawMessage(DrawMessage msg) {
+        if (!BUFFER_DRAW_MESSAGES) {
+            String msgStr = msg.toString();
+
+            for (Player p : players) {
+                String s = String.valueOf(p.getLastReceivedMessageId())
+                        + "," + msgStr;
+                p.sendRoomMessage(MessageType.DRAW_MESSAGE, s);
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (Player p : players) {
+                p.getBufferedDrawMessages().add(msg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Tick handler for the broadcastTimer.
+     */
+    private void broadcastTimerTick() {
+        // For each Player, send all per Player buffered
+        // DrawMessages, prefixing each DrawMessage with the player's
+        // lastReceivedMessageId.
+        // Multiple messages are concatenated with "|".
+
+        for (Player p : players) {
+
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            List<DrawMessage> drawMessages = p.getBufferedDrawMessages();
+
+            if (drawMessages.size() > 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < drawMessages.size(); i++) {
+                    DrawMessage msg = drawMessages.get(i);
+
+                    String s = String.valueOf(p.getLastReceivedMessageId())
+                            + "," + msg.toString();
+                    if (i > 0) {
+                        sb.append('|');
+                    }
+
+                    sb.append(s);
+                }
+                drawMessages.clear();
+
+                p.sendRoomMessage(MessageType.DRAW_MESSAGE, sb.toString());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A list of cached {@link Runnable}s to prevent recursive invocation of Runnables
+     * by one thread. This variable is only used by one thread at a time and then
+     * set to <code>null</code>.
+     */
+    private List<Runnable> cachedRunnables = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Submits the given Runnable to the Room Executor and waits until it
+     * has been executed. Currently, this simply means that the Runnable
+     * will be run directly inside of a synchronized() block.<br>
+     * Note that if a runnable recursively calls invokeAndWait() with another
+     * runnable on this Room, it will not be executed recursively, but instead
+     * cached until the original runnable is finished, to keep the behavior of
+     * using an Executor.
+     *
+     * @param task The task to be executed
+     */
+    public void invokeAndWait(Runnable task)  {
+
+        // Check if the current thread already holds a lock on this room.
+        // If yes, then we must not directly execute the Runnable but instead
+        // cache it until the original invokeAndWait() has finished.
+        if (roomLock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
+
+            if (cachedRunnables == null) {
+                cachedRunnables = new ArrayList<>();
+            }
+            cachedRunnables.add(task);
+
+        } else {
+
+            roomLock.lock();
+            try {
+                // Explicitly overwrite value to ensure data consistency in
+                // current thread
+                cachedRunnables = null;
+
+                if (!closed) {
+                    task.run();
+                }
+
+                // Run the cached runnables.
+                if (cachedRunnables != null) {
+                    for (Runnable cachedRunnable : cachedRunnables) {
+                        if (!closed) {
+                            cachedRunnable.run();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    cachedRunnables = null;
+                }
+
+            } finally {
+                roomLock.unlock();
+            }
+
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shuts down the roomExecutor and the drawmessageBroadcastTimer.
+     */
+    public void shutdown() {
+        invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                closed = true;
+                drawmessageBroadcastTimer.cancel();
+                roomGraphics.dispose();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * A Player participates in a Room. It is the interface between the
+     * {@link Room} and the {@link Client}.<br><br>
+     *
+     * Note: This means a player object is actually a join between Room and
+     * Client.
+     */
+    public static final class Player {
+
+        /**
+         * The room to which this player belongs.
+         */
+        private Room room;
+
+        /**
+         * The room buffers the last draw message ID that was received from
+         * this player.
+         */
+        private long lastReceivedMessageId = 0;
+
+        private final Client client;
+
+        /**
+         * Buffered DrawMessages that will be sent by a Timer.
+         */
+        private final List<DrawMessage> bufferedDrawMessages =
+                new ArrayList<>();
+
+        private List<DrawMessage> getBufferedDrawMessages() {
+            return bufferedDrawMessages;
+        }
+
+        private Player(Room room, Client client) {
+            this.room = room;
+            this.client = client;
+        }
+
+        public Room getRoom() {
+            return room;
+        }
+
+        public Client getClient() {
+            return client;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes this player from its room, e.g. when
+         * the client disconnects.
+         */
+        public void removeFromRoom() {
+            if (room != null) {
+                room.internalRemovePlayer(this);
+                room = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        private long getLastReceivedMessageId() {
+            return lastReceivedMessageId;
+        }
+        private void setLastReceivedMessageId(long value) {
+            lastReceivedMessageId = value;
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * Handles the given DrawMessage by drawing it onto this Room's
+         * image and by broadcasting it to the connected players.
+         *
+         * @param msg   The draw message received
+         * @param msgId The ID for the draw message received
+         */
+        public void handleDrawMessage(DrawMessage msg, long msgId) {
+            room.internalHandleDrawMessage(this, msg, msgId);
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * Sends the given room message.
+         * @param type message type
+         * @param content message content
+         */
+        private void sendRoomMessage(MessageType type, String content) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(content);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(type);
+
+            String completeMsg = String.valueOf(type.flag) + content;
+
+            client.sendMessage(new StringWebsocketMessage(completeMsg));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/AbstractWebsocketMessage.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/AbstractWebsocketMessage.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/AbstractWebsocketMessage.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/AbstractWebsocketMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d425393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/AbstractWebsocketMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard.wsmessages;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base class for Websocket Messages (binary or string)
+ * that can be buffered.
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractWebsocketMessage {
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/BinaryWebsocketMessage.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/BinaryWebsocketMessage.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/BinaryWebsocketMessage.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/BinaryWebsocketMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b16e1ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/BinaryWebsocketMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard.wsmessages;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a binary websocket message.
+ */
+public final class BinaryWebsocketMessage extends AbstractWebsocketMessage {
+    private final ByteBuffer bytes;
+
+    public BinaryWebsocketMessage(ByteBuffer bytes) {
+        this.bytes = bytes;
+    }
+
+    public ByteBuffer getBytes() {
+        return bytes;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/CloseWebsocketMessage.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/CloseWebsocketMessage.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/CloseWebsocketMessage.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/CloseWebsocketMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44f48ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/CloseWebsocketMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard.wsmessages;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a "close" message that closes the session.
+ */
+public class CloseWebsocketMessage extends AbstractWebsocketMessage {
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/StringWebsocketMessage.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/StringWebsocketMessage.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/StringWebsocketMessage.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/StringWebsocketMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49be369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/drawboard/wsmessages/StringWebsocketMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.drawboard.wsmessages;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a string websocket message.
+ *
+ */
+public final class StringWebsocketMessage extends AbstractWebsocketMessage {
+    private final String string;
+
+    public StringWebsocketMessage(String string) {
+        this.string = string;
+    }
+
+    public String getString() {
+        return string;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAnnotation.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAnnotation.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAnnotation.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAnnotation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34f0de2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAnnotation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.echo;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
+import javax.websocket.PongMessage;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
+
+/**
+ * The three annotated echo endpoints can be used to test with Autobahn and
+ * the following command "wstest -m fuzzingclient -s servers.json". See the
+ * Autobahn documentation for setup and general information.
+ */
+@ServerEndpoint("/websocket/echoAnnotation")
+public class EchoAnnotation {
+
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoTextMessage(Session session, String msg, boolean last) {
+        try {
+            if (session.isOpen()) {
+                session.getBasicRemote().sendText(msg, last);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            try {
+                session.close();
+            } catch (IOException e1) {
+                // Ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoBinaryMessage(Session session, ByteBuffer bb,
+            boolean last) {
+        try {
+            if (session.isOpen()) {
+                session.getBasicRemote().sendBinary(bb, last);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            try {
+                session.close();
+            } catch (IOException e1) {
+                // Ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process a received pong. This is a NO-OP.
+     *
+     * @param pm    Ignored.
+     */
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoPongMessage(PongMessage pm) {
+        // NO-OP
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation$CompletedFuture.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation$CompletedFuture.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39df783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoAsyncAnnotation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.echo;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
+import javax.websocket.PongMessage;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+
+/**
+ * The three annotated echo endpoints can be used to test with Autobahn and
+ * the following command "wstest -m fuzzingclient -s servers.json". See the
+ * Autobahn documentation for setup and general information.
+ *
+ * Note: This one is disabled by default since it allocates memory, and needs
+ * to be enabled back.
+ */
+//@javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint("/websocket/echoAsyncAnnotation")
+public class EchoAsyncAnnotation {
+
+    private static final Future<Void> COMPLETED = new CompletedFuture();
+
+    Future<Void> f = COMPLETED;
+    StringBuilder sb = null;
+    ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = null;
+
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoTextMessage(Session session, String msg, boolean last) {
+        if (sb == null) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder();
+        }
+        sb.append(msg);
+        if (last) {
+            // Before we send the next message, have to wait for the previous
+            // message to complete
+            try {
+                f.get();
+            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
+                // Let the container deal with it
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+            f = session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(sb.toString());
+            sb = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoBinaryMessage(byte[] msg, Session session, boolean last)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (bytes == null) {
+            bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        }
+        bytes.write(msg);
+        if (last) {
+            // Before we send the next message, have to wait for the previous
+            // message to complete
+            try {
+                f.get();
+            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
+                // Let the container deal with it
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+            f = session.getAsyncRemote().sendBinary(ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes.toByteArray()));
+            bytes = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process a received pong. This is a NO-OP.
+     *
+     * @param pm    Ignored.
+     */
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoPongMessage(PongMessage pm) {
+        // NO-OP
+    }
+
+    private static class CompletedFuture implements Future<Void> {
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isCancelled() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isDone() {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Void get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Void get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
+                throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException,
+                TimeoutException {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint$1.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint$EchoMessageHandlerBinary.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint$EchoMessageHandlerBinary.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint$EchoMessageHandlerText.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint$EchoMessageHandlerText.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint.class
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3620238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoEndpoint.java
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.echo;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+import javax.websocket.Endpoint;
+import javax.websocket.EndpointConfig;
+import javax.websocket.MessageHandler;
+import javax.websocket.RemoteEndpoint;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+
+public class EchoEndpoint extends Endpoint {
+
+    @Override
+    public void onOpen(Session session, EndpointConfig endpointConfig) {
+        RemoteEndpoint.Basic remoteEndpointBasic = session.getBasicRemote();
+        session.addMessageHandler(new EchoMessageHandlerText(remoteEndpointBasic));
+        session.addMessageHandler(new EchoMessageHandlerBinary(remoteEndpointBasic));
+    }
+
+    private static class EchoMessageHandlerText
+            implements MessageHandler.Partial<String> {
+
+        private final RemoteEndpoint.Basic remoteEndpointBasic;
+
+        private EchoMessageHandlerText(RemoteEndpoint.Basic remoteEndpointBasic) {
+            this.remoteEndpointBasic = remoteEndpointBasic;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onMessage(String message, boolean last) {
+            try {
+                if (remoteEndpointBasic != null) {
+                    remoteEndpointBasic.sendText(message, last);
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class EchoMessageHandlerBinary
+            implements MessageHandler.Partial<ByteBuffer> {
+
+        private final RemoteEndpoint.Basic remoteEndpointBasic;
+
+        private EchoMessageHandlerBinary(RemoteEndpoint.Basic remoteEndpointBasic) {
+            this.remoteEndpointBasic = remoteEndpointBasic;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onMessage(ByteBuffer message, boolean last) {
+            try {
+                if (remoteEndpointBasic != null) {
+                    remoteEndpointBasic.sendBinary(message, last);
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoStreamAnnotation.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoStreamAnnotation.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be1221d
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoStreamAnnotation.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoStreamAnnotation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7aef821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/EchoStreamAnnotation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.echo;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.Writer;
+
+import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
+import javax.websocket.PongMessage;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
+
+/**
+ * The three annotated echo endpoints can be used to test with Autobahn and
+ * the following command "wstest -m fuzzingclient -s servers.json". See the
+ * Autobahn documentation for setup and general information.
+ */
+@ServerEndpoint("/websocket/echoStreamAnnotation")
+public class EchoStreamAnnotation {
+
+    Writer writer;
+    OutputStream stream;
+
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoTextMessage(Session session, String msg, boolean last)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (writer == null) {
+            writer = session.getBasicRemote().getSendWriter();
+        }
+        writer.write(msg);
+        if (last) {
+            writer.close();
+            writer = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoBinaryMessage(byte[] msg, Session session, boolean last)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (stream == null) {
+            stream = session.getBasicRemote().getSendStream();
+        }
+        stream.write(msg);
+        stream.flush();
+        if (last) {
+            stream.close();
+            stream = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process a received pong. This is a NO-OP.
+     *
+     * @param pm    Ignored.
+     */
+    @OnMessage
+    public void echoPongMessage(PongMessage pm) {
+        // NO-OP
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/servers.json b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/servers.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c816a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/echo/servers.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+   "options": {"failByDrop": false},
+   "outdir": "./reports/servers",
+
+   "servers": [
+                {"agent": "Basic",
+                 "url": "ws://localhost:8080/examples/websocket/echoAnnotation",
+                 "options": {"version": 18}},
+                {"agent": "Stream",
+                 "url": "ws://localhost:8080/examples/websocket/echoStreamAnnotation",
+                 "options": {"version": 18}},
+                {"agent": "Async",
+                 "url": "ws://localhost:8080/examples/websocket/echoAsyncAnnotation",
+                 "options": {"version": 18}}
+              ],
+
+   "cases": ["*"],
+   "exclude-cases": [],
+   "exclude-agent-cases": {}
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Direction.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Direction.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b975929
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Direction.class differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Direction.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Direction.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4440c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Direction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.snake;
+
+public enum Direction {
+    NONE, NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Location$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Location$1.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e23858d
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Location.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Location.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c236084
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Location.class differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Location.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Location.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..420be8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Location.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.snake;
+
+public class Location {
+
+    public int x;
+    public int y;
+
+    public Location(int x, int y) {
+        this.x = x;
+        this.y = y;
+    }
+
+    public Location getAdjacentLocation(Direction direction) {
+        switch (direction) {
+            case NORTH:
+                return new Location(x, y - SnakeAnnotation.GRID_SIZE);
+            case SOUTH:
+                return new Location(x, y + SnakeAnnotation.GRID_SIZE);
+            case EAST:
+                return new Location(x + SnakeAnnotation.GRID_SIZE, y);
+            case WEST:
+                return new Location(x - SnakeAnnotation.GRID_SIZE, y);
+            case NONE:
+                // fall through
+            default:
+                return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Location location = (Location) o;
+
+        if (x != location.x) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (y != location.y) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = x;
+        result = 31 * result + y;
+        return result;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Snake.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Snake.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cff5ffa
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Snake.class differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Snake.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Snake.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a11222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/Snake.java
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.snake;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Deque;
+
+import javax.websocket.CloseReason;
+import javax.websocket.CloseReason.CloseCodes;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+
+public class Snake {
+
+    private static final int DEFAULT_LENGTH = 5;
+
+    private final int id;
+    private final Session session;
+
+    private Direction direction;
+    private int length = DEFAULT_LENGTH;
+    private Location head;
+    private final Deque<Location> tail = new ArrayDeque<>();
+    private final String hexColor;
+
+    public Snake(int id, Session session) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.session = session;
+        this.hexColor = SnakeAnnotation.getRandomHexColor();
+        resetState();
+    }
+
+    private void resetState() {
+        this.direction = Direction.NONE;
+        this.head = SnakeAnnotation.getRandomLocation();
+        this.tail.clear();
+        this.length = DEFAULT_LENGTH;
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void kill() {
+        resetState();
+        sendMessage("{\"type\": \"dead\"}");
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void reward() {
+        length++;
+        sendMessage("{\"type\": \"kill\"}");
+    }
+
+
+    protected void sendMessage(String msg) {
+        try {
+            session.getBasicRemote().sendText(msg);
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            CloseReason cr =
+                    new CloseReason(CloseCodes.CLOSED_ABNORMALLY, ioe.getMessage());
+            try {
+                session.close(cr);
+            } catch (IOException ioe2) {
+                // Ignore
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void update(Collection<Snake> snakes) {
+        Location nextLocation = head.getAdjacentLocation(direction);
+        if (nextLocation.x >= SnakeAnnotation.PLAYFIELD_WIDTH) {
+            nextLocation.x = 0;
+        }
+        if (nextLocation.y >= SnakeAnnotation.PLAYFIELD_HEIGHT) {
+            nextLocation.y = 0;
+        }
+        if (nextLocation.x < 0) {
+            nextLocation.x = SnakeAnnotation.PLAYFIELD_WIDTH;
+        }
+        if (nextLocation.y < 0) {
+            nextLocation.y = SnakeAnnotation.PLAYFIELD_HEIGHT;
+        }
+        if (direction != Direction.NONE) {
+            tail.addFirst(head);
+            if (tail.size() > length) {
+                tail.removeLast();
+            }
+            head = nextLocation;
+        }
+
+        handleCollisions(snakes);
+    }
+
+    private void handleCollisions(Collection<Snake> snakes) {
+        for (Snake snake : snakes) {
+            boolean headCollision = id != snake.id && snake.getHead().equals(head);
+            boolean tailCollision = snake.getTail().contains(head);
+            if (headCollision || tailCollision) {
+                kill();
+                if (id != snake.id) {
+                    snake.reward();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Location getHead() {
+        return head;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Collection<Location> getTail() {
+        return tail;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void setDirection(Direction direction) {
+        this.direction = direction;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized String getLocationsJson() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append(String.format("{\"x\": %d, \"y\": %d}",
+                Integer.valueOf(head.x), Integer.valueOf(head.y)));
+        for (Location location : tail) {
+            sb.append(',');
+            sb.append(String.format("{\"x\": %d, \"y\": %d}",
+                    Integer.valueOf(location.x), Integer.valueOf(location.y)));
+        }
+        return String.format("{\"id\":%d,\"body\":[%s]}",
+                Integer.valueOf(id), sb.toString());
+    }
+
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public String getHexColor() {
+        return hexColor;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeAnnotation.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeAnnotation.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeda416
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeAnnotation.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeAnnotation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c030dbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeAnnotation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.snake;
+
+import java.awt.Color;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import javax.websocket.OnClose;
+import javax.websocket.OnError;
+import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
+import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
+
+@ServerEndpoint(value = "/websocket/snake")
+public class SnakeAnnotation {
+
+    public static final int PLAYFIELD_WIDTH = 640;
+    public static final int PLAYFIELD_HEIGHT = 480;
+    public static final int GRID_SIZE = 10;
+
+    private static final AtomicInteger snakeIds = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    private static final Random random = new Random();
+
+
+    private final int id;
+    private Snake snake;
+
+    public static String getRandomHexColor() {
+        float hue = random.nextFloat();
+        // sat between 0.1 and 0.3
+        float saturation = (random.nextInt(2000) + 1000) / 10000f;
+        float luminance = 0.9f;
+        Color color = Color.getHSBColor(hue, saturation, luminance);
+        return '#' + Integer.toHexString(
+                (color.getRGB() & 0xffffff) | 0x1000000).substring(1);
+    }
+
+
+    public static Location getRandomLocation() {
+        int x = roundByGridSize(random.nextInt(PLAYFIELD_WIDTH));
+        int y = roundByGridSize(random.nextInt(PLAYFIELD_HEIGHT));
+        return new Location(x, y);
+    }
+
+
+    private static int roundByGridSize(int value) {
+        value = value + (GRID_SIZE / 2);
+        value = value / GRID_SIZE;
+        value = value * GRID_SIZE;
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    public SnakeAnnotation() {
+        this.id = snakeIds.getAndIncrement();
+    }
+
+
+    @OnOpen
+    public void onOpen(Session session) {
+        this.snake = new Snake(id, session);
+        SnakeTimer.addSnake(snake);
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Iterator<Snake> iterator = SnakeTimer.getSnakes().iterator();
+                iterator.hasNext();) {
+            Snake snake = iterator.next();
+            sb.append(String.format("{\"id\": %d, \"color\": \"%s\"}",
+                    Integer.valueOf(snake.getId()), snake.getHexColor()));
+            if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                sb.append(',');
+            }
+        }
+        SnakeTimer.broadcast(String.format("{\"type\": \"join\",\"data\":[%s]}",
+                sb.toString()));
+    }
+
+
+    @OnMessage
+    public void onTextMessage(String message) {
+        if ("west".equals(message)) {
+            snake.setDirection(Direction.WEST);
+        } else if ("north".equals(message)) {
+            snake.setDirection(Direction.NORTH);
+        } else if ("east".equals(message)) {
+            snake.setDirection(Direction.EAST);
+        } else if ("south".equals(message)) {
+            snake.setDirection(Direction.SOUTH);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @OnClose
+    public void onClose() {
+        SnakeTimer.removeSnake(snake);
+        SnakeTimer.broadcast(String.format("{\"type\": \"leave\", \"id\": %d}",
+                Integer.valueOf(id)));
+    }
+
+
+    @OnError
+    public void onError(Throwable t) throws Throwable {
+        // Most likely cause is a user closing their browser. Check to see if
+        // the root cause is EOF and if it is ignore it.
+        // Protect against infinite loops.
+        int count = 0;
+        Throwable root = t;
+        while (root.getCause() != null && count < 20) {
+            root = root.getCause();
+            count ++;
+        }
+        if (root instanceof EOFException) {
+            // Assume this is triggered by the user closing their browser and
+            // ignore it.
+        } else {
+            throw t;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeTimer$1.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeTimer$1.class
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index 0000000..c2da862
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeTimer.class b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeTimer.class
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3fcf51
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeTimer.java b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeTimer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0115413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/websocket/snake/SnakeTimer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package websocket.snake;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Sets up the timer for the multi-player snake game WebSocket example.
+ */
+public class SnakeTimer {
+
+    private static final Log log =
+            LogFactory.getLog(SnakeTimer.class);
+
+    private static Timer gameTimer = null;
+
+    private static final long TICK_DELAY = 100;
+
+    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Snake> snakes =
+            new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    protected static synchronized void addSnake(Snake snake) {
+        if (snakes.size() == 0) {
+            startTimer();
+        }
+        snakes.put(Integer.valueOf(snake.getId()), snake);
+    }
+
+
+    protected static Collection<Snake> getSnakes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(snakes.values());
+    }
+
+
+    protected static synchronized void removeSnake(Snake snake) {
+        snakes.remove(Integer.valueOf(snake.getId()));
+        if (snakes.size() == 0) {
+            stopTimer();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    protected static void tick() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Iterator<Snake> iterator = SnakeTimer.getSnakes().iterator();
+                iterator.hasNext();) {
+            Snake snake = iterator.next();
+            snake.update(SnakeTimer.getSnakes());
+            sb.append(snake.getLocationsJson());
+            if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                sb.append(',');
+            }
+        }
+        broadcast(String.format("{\"type\": \"update\", \"data\" : [%s]}",
+                sb.toString()));
+    }
+
+    protected static void broadcast(String message) {
+        for (Snake snake : SnakeTimer.getSnakes()) {
+            try {
+                snake.sendMessage(message);
+            } catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
+                // An ISE can occur if an attempt is made to write to a
+                // WebSocket connection after it has been closed. The
+                // alternative to catching this exception is to synchronise
+                // the writes to the clients along with the addSnake() and
+                // removeSnake() methods that are already synchronised.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public static void startTimer() {
+        gameTimer = new Timer(SnakeTimer.class.getSimpleName() + " Timer");
+        gameTimer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+                    tick();
+                } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                    log.error("Caught to prevent timer from shutting down", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }, TICK_DELAY, TICK_DELAY);
+    }
+
+
+    public static void stopTimer() {
+        if (gameTimer != null) {
+            gameTimer.cancel();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..406f754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+ <head>
+  <title>403 Access Denied</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  </style>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+   <h1>403 Access Denied</h1>
+   <p>
+    You are not authorized to view this page.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    By default the examples web application is only accessible from a browser
+    running on the same machine as Tomcat. If you wish to modify this
+    restriction, you'll need to edit the example web application's
+    <tt>context.xml</tt> file.
+   </p>
+ </body>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4d65ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+&lt;html>
+ &lt;head>
+  &lt;title>403 Access Denied&lt;/title>
+  &lt;style type="text/css">
+    &lt;!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  &lt;/style>
+ &lt;/head>
+ &lt;body>
+   &lt;h1>403 Access Denied&lt;/h1>
+   &lt;p>
+    You are not authorized to view this page.
+   &lt;/p>
+   &lt;p>
+    By default the examples web application is only accessible from a browser
+    running on the same machine as Tomcat. If you wish to modify this
+    restriction, you'll need to edit the example web application's
+    &lt;tt>context.xml&lt;/tt> file.
+   &lt;/p>
+ &lt;/body>
+
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..424a3df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE taglib
+        PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
+        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd">
+
+<!-- a tag library descriptor -->
+
+<taglib>
+  <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
+  <jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
+  <short-name>debug</short-name>
+  <uri>http://tomcat.apache.org/debug-taglib</uri>
+  <description>
+    This tag library defines no tags.  Instead, its purpose is encapsulated
+    in the TagLibraryValidator implementation that simply outputs the XML
+    version of a JSP page to standard output, whenever this tag library is
+    referenced in a "taglib" directive in a JSP page.
+  </description>
+  <validator>
+    <validator-class>validators.DebugValidator</validator-class>
+  </validator>
+
+  <!-- This is a dummy tag solely to satisfy DTD requirements -->
+  <tag>
+    <name>log</name>
+    <tag-class>examples.LogTag</tag-class>
+    <body-content>TAGDEPENDENT</body-content>
+    <description>
+        Perform a server side action; Log the message.
+    </description>
+    <attribute>
+        <name>toBrowser</name>
+        <required>false</required>
+    </attribute>
+  </tag>
+
+
+</taglib>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/example-taglib.tld b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/example-taglib.tld
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f60e353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/example-taglib.tld
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE taglib
+        PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
+        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd">
+
+<taglib>
+
+  <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
+  <jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>
+  <short-name>simple</short-name>
+  <uri>http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib</uri>
+  <description>
+    A simple tab library for the examples
+  </description>
+
+  <!-- A simple Tag -->
+  <!-- foo tag -->
+  <tag>
+    <name>foo</name>
+    <tag-class>examples.FooTag</tag-class>
+    <tei-class>examples.FooTagExtraInfo</tei-class>
+    <body-content>JSP</body-content>
+    <description>
+      Perform a server side action; uses 3 mandatory attributes
+    </description>
+
+    <attribute>
+      <name>att1</name>
+      <required>true</required>
+    </attribute>
+    <attribute>
+      <name>att2</name>
+      <required>true</required>
+    </attribute>
+    <attribute>
+      <name>att3</name>
+      <required>true</required>
+    </attribute>
+  </tag>
+
+  <!-- Another simple tag -->
+  <!-- log tag -->
+  <tag>
+    <name>log</name>
+    <tag-class>examples.LogTag</tag-class>
+    <body-content>TAGDEPENDENT</body-content>
+    <description>
+      Perform a server side action; Log the message.
+    </description>
+    <attribute>
+      <name>toBrowser</name>
+      <required>false</required>
+    </attribute>
+  </tag>
+
+  <!-- Another simple Tag -->
+  <!-- values tag -->
+  <tag>
+    <name>values</name>
+    <tag-class>examples.ValuesTag</tag-class>
+    <body-content>empty</body-content>
+    <description>
+        Accept and return values of different types. This tag is used
+        to illustrate type coercions.
+    </description>
+    <attribute>
+      <name>object</name>
+      <required>false</required>
+      <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
+      <type>java.lang.Object</type>
+    </attribute>
+    <attribute>
+      <name>string</name>
+      <required>false</required>
+      <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
+      <type>java.lang.String</type>
+    </attribute>
+    <attribute>
+      <name>long</name>
+      <required>false</required>
+      <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
+      <type>long</type>
+    </attribute>
+    <attribute>
+      <name>double</name>
+      <required>false</required>
+      <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
+      <type>double</type>
+    </attribute>
+  </tag>
+</taglib>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73173bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
+    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
+    version="2.0">
+    <description>A tag library exercising SimpleTag handlers.</description>
+    <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>
+    <short-name>SimpleTagLibrary</short-name>
+    <uri>http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib</uri>
+    <tag>
+        <description>Outputs Hello, World</description>
+        <name>helloWorld</name>
+        <tag-class>jsp2.examples.simpletag.HelloWorldSimpleTag</tag-class>
+        <body-content>empty</body-content>
+    </tag>
+    <tag>
+        <description>Repeats the body of the tag 'num' times</description>
+        <name>repeat</name>
+        <tag-class>jsp2.examples.simpletag.RepeatSimpleTag</tag-class>
+        <body-content>scriptless</body-content>
+        <variable>
+            <description>Current invocation count (1 to num)</description>
+            <name-given>count</name-given>
+        </variable>
+        <attribute>
+            <name>num</name>
+            <required>true</required>
+            <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
+        </attribute>
+    </tag>
+    <tag>
+        <description>Populates the page context with a BookBean</description>
+        <name>findBook</name>
+        <tag-class>jsp2.examples.simpletag.FindBookSimpleTag</tag-class>
+        <body-content>empty</body-content>
+        <attribute>
+            <name>var</name>
+            <required>true</required>
+            <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
+        </attribute>
+    </tag>
+    <tag>
+        <description>
+            Takes 3 fragments and invokes them in a random order
+        </description>
+        <name>shuffle</name>
+        <tag-class>jsp2.examples.simpletag.ShuffleSimpleTag</tag-class>
+        <body-content>empty</body-content>
+        <attribute>
+            <name>fragment1</name>
+            <required>true</required>
+            <fragment>true</fragment>
+        </attribute>
+        <attribute>
+            <name>fragment2</name>
+            <required>true</required>
+            <fragment>true</fragment>
+        </attribute>
+        <attribute>
+            <name>fragment3</name>
+            <required>true</required>
+            <fragment>true</fragment>
+        </attribute>
+    </tag>
+    <tag>
+        <description>Outputs a colored tile</description>
+        <name>tile</name>
+        <tag-class>jsp2.examples.simpletag.TileSimpleTag</tag-class>
+        <body-content>empty</body-content>
+        <attribute>
+            <name>color</name>
+            <required>true</required>
+        </attribute>
+        <attribute>
+            <name>label</name>
+            <required>true</required>
+        </attribute>
+    </tag>
+    <tag>
+        <description>
+          Tag that echoes all its attributes and body content
+        </description>
+        <name>echoAttributes</name>
+        <tag-class>jsp2.examples.simpletag.EchoAttributesTag</tag-class>
+        <body-content>empty</body-content>
+        <dynamic-attributes>true</dynamic-attributes>
+    </tag>
+    <function>
+        <description>Reverses the characters in the given String</description>
+        <name>reverse</name>
+        <function-class>jsp2.examples.el.Functions</function-class>
+        <function-signature>java.lang.String reverse( java.lang.String )</function-signature>
+    </function>
+    <function>
+        <description>Counts the number of vowels (a,e,i,o,u) in the given String</description>
+        <name>countVowels</name>
+        <function-class>jsp2.examples.el.Functions</function-class>
+        <function-signature>java.lang.String numVowels( java.lang.String )</function-signature>
+    </function>
+    <function>
+        <description>Converts the string to all caps</description>
+        <name>caps</name>
+        <function-class>jsp2.examples.el.Functions</function-class>
+        <function-signature>java.lang.String caps( java.lang.String )</function-signature>
+    </function>
+</taglib>
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9176777
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/taglibs-standard-impl-1.2.5.jar differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d547867
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/taglibs-standard-spec-1.2.5.jar differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/displayProducts.tag b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/displayProducts.tag
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41e8c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/displayProducts.tag
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
+<%@ attribute name="normalPrice" fragment="true" %>
+<%@ attribute name="onSale" fragment="true" %>
+<%@ variable name-given="name" %>
+<%@ variable name-given="price" %>
+<%@ variable name-given="origPrice" %>
+<%@ variable name-given="salePrice" %>
+
+<table border="1">
+  <tr>
+    <td>
+      <c:set var="name" value="Hand-held Color PDA"/>
+      <c:set var="price" value="$298.86"/>
+      <jsp:invoke fragment="normalPrice"/>
+    </td>
+    <td>
+      <c:set var="name" value="4-Pack 150 Watt Light Bulbs"/>
+      <c:set var="origPrice" value="$2.98"/>
+      <c:set var="salePrice" value="$2.32"/>
+      <jsp:invoke fragment="onSale"/>
+    </td>
+    <td>
+      <c:set var="name" value="Digital Cellular Phone"/>
+      <c:set var="price" value="$68.74"/>
+      <jsp:invoke fragment="normalPrice"/>
+    </td>
+    <td>
+      <c:set var="name" value="Baby Grand Piano"/>
+      <c:set var="price" value="$10,800.00"/>
+      <jsp:invoke fragment="normalPrice"/>
+    </td>
+    <td>
+      <c:set var="name" value="Luxury Car w/ Leather Seats"/>
+      <c:set var="origPrice" value="$23,980.00"/>
+      <c:set var="salePrice" value="$21,070.00"/>
+      <jsp:invoke fragment="onSale"/>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/helloWorld.tag b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/helloWorld.tag
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..192bf53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/helloWorld.tag
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+Hello, world!
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/panel.tag b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/panel.tag
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4f30d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/panel.tag
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<%@ attribute name="color" %>
+<%@ attribute name="bgcolor" %>
+<%@ attribute name="title" %>
+<table border="1" bgcolor="${color}">
+  <tr>
+    <td><b>${title}</b></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td bgcolor="${bgcolor}">
+      <jsp:doBody/>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/web.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/web.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..023b54a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/web.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
+                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
+  version="4.0"
+  metadata-complete="true">
+
+    <description>
+      Servlet and JSP Examples.
+    </description>
+    <display-name>Servlet and JSP Examples</display-name>
+
+    <request-character-encoding>UTF-8</request-character-encoding>
+
+    <!-- Define example filters -->
+    <filter>
+        <filter-name>Timing Filter</filter-name>
+        <filter-class>filters.ExampleFilter</filter-class>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>attribute</param-name>
+            <param-value>filters.ExampleFilter</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+    </filter>
+
+    <filter>
+        <filter-name>Request Dumper Filter</filter-name>
+        <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.RequestDumperFilter</filter-class>
+    </filter>
+
+    <filter>
+        <filter-name>Compression Filter</filter-name>
+        <filter-class>compressionFilters.CompressionFilter</filter-class>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>compressionThreshold</param-name>
+            <param-value>128</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>compressionBuffer</param-name>
+            <param-value>8192</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>compressionMimeTypes</param-name>
+            <param-value>text/html,text/plain,text/xml</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+        <init-param>
+          <param-name>debug</param-name>
+          <param-value>0</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+    </filter>
+
+    <!-- Configured to set X-FRAME-OPTIONS. Disable HSTS in case it          -->
+    <!-- interferes with an existing setting. Keep X-Content-Type-Options    -->
+    <!-- and X-XSS-Protection as they are page specific.                     -->
+    <filter>
+        <filter-name>HTTP header security filter</filter-name>
+        <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.HttpHeaderSecurityFilter</filter-class>
+        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+        <init-param>
+            <param-name>hstsEnabled</param-name>
+            <param-value>false</param-value>
+        </init-param>
+    </filter>
+
+    <!-- Define filter mappings for the timing filters -->
+    <!--
+    <filter-mapping>
+        <filter-name>Timing Filter</filter-name>
+        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
+    </filter-mapping>
+    -->
+
+<!--
+    <filter-mapping>
+      <filter-name>Compression Filter</filter-name>
+      <url-pattern>/CompressionTest</url-pattern>
+    </filter-mapping>
+-->
+
+<!--
+    <filter-mapping>
+        <filter-name>Request Dumper Filter</filter-name>
+        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
+    </filter-mapping>
+-->
+
+    <!-- Enable header security filter for all requests -->
+    <filter-mapping>
+        <filter-name>HTTP header security filter</filter-name>
+        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
+    </filter-mapping>
+
+    <!-- Define example application events listeners -->
+    <listener>
+        <listener-class>listeners.ContextListener</listener-class>
+    </listener>
+    <listener>
+        <listener-class>listeners.SessionListener</listener-class>
+    </listener>
+
+    <!-- Define listeners required by examples -->
+    <listener>
+        <listener-class>async.AsyncStockContextListener</listener-class>
+    </listener>
+
+    <!-- Define servlets that are included in the example application -->
+
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>ServletToJsp</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>ServletToJsp</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>CompressionFilterTestServlet</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>compressionFilters.CompressionFilterTestServlet</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>HelloWorldExample</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>HelloWorldExample</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>RequestInfoExample</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>RequestInfoExample</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>RequestHeaderExample</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>RequestHeaderExample</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>RequestParamExample</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>RequestParamExample</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>CookieExample</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>CookieExample</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet>
+        <servlet-name>SessionExample</servlet-name>
+        <servlet-class>SessionExample</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>CompressionFilterTestServlet</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/CompressionTest</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>HelloWorldExample</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/servlets/servlet/HelloWorldExample</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>RequestInfoExample</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/servlets/servlet/RequestInfoExample/*</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>RequestHeaderExample</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/servlets/servlet/RequestHeaderExample</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>RequestParamExample</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/servlets/servlet/RequestParamExample</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>CookieExample</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/servlets/servlet/CookieExample</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>SessionExample</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/servlets/servlet/SessionExample</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+        <servlet-name>ServletToJsp</servlet-name>
+        <url-pattern>/servletToJsp</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+    <jsp-config>
+        <taglib>
+            <taglib-uri>
+               http://tomcat.apache.org/debug-taglib
+            </taglib-uri>
+            <taglib-location>
+               /WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld
+            </taglib-location>
+        </taglib>
+
+        <taglib>
+            <taglib-uri>
+               http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib
+            </taglib-uri>
+            <taglib-location>
+               /WEB-INF/jsp/example-taglib.tld
+            </taglib-location>
+        </taglib>
+
+        <taglib>
+            <taglib-uri>
+               http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib
+            </taglib-uri>
+            <taglib-location>
+               /WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld
+            </taglib-location>
+        </taglib>
+
+        <jsp-property-group>
+            <description>
+                Special property group for JSP Configuration JSP example.
+            </description>
+            <display-name>JSPConfiguration</display-name>
+            <url-pattern>/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp</url-pattern>
+            <el-ignored>true</el-ignored>
+            <page-encoding>ISO-8859-1</page-encoding>
+            <scripting-invalid>true</scripting-invalid>
+            <include-prelude>/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf</include-prelude>
+            <include-coda>/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf</include-coda>
+        </jsp-property-group>
+    </jsp-config>
+
+    <security-constraint>
+      <display-name>Example Security Constraint - part 1</display-name>
+      <web-resource-collection>
+         <web-resource-name>Protected Area - Allow methods</web-resource-name>
+         <!-- Define the context-relative URL(s) to be protected -->
+         <url-pattern>/jsp/security/protected/*</url-pattern>
+         <!-- If you list http methods, only those methods are protected so -->
+         <!-- the constraint below ensures all other methods are denied     -->
+         <http-method>DELETE</http-method>
+         <http-method>GET</http-method>
+         <http-method>POST</http-method>
+         <http-method>PUT</http-method>
+      </web-resource-collection>
+      <auth-constraint>
+         <!-- Anyone with one of the listed roles may access this area -->
+         <role-name>tomcat</role-name>
+         <role-name>role1</role-name>
+      </auth-constraint>
+    </security-constraint>
+    <security-constraint>
+      <display-name>Example Security Constraint - part 2</display-name>
+      <web-resource-collection>
+         <web-resource-name>Protected Area - Deny methods</web-resource-name>
+         <!-- Define the context-relative URL(s) to be protected -->
+         <url-pattern>/jsp/security/protected/*</url-pattern>
+         <http-method-omission>DELETE</http-method-omission>
+         <http-method-omission>GET</http-method-omission>
+         <http-method-omission>POST</http-method-omission>
+         <http-method-omission>PUT</http-method-omission>
+      </web-resource-collection>
+      <!-- An empty auth constraint denies access -->
+      <auth-constraint />
+    </security-constraint>
+
+    <!-- Default login configuration uses form-based authentication -->
+    <login-config>
+      <auth-method>FORM</auth-method>
+      <realm-name>Example Form-Based Authentication Area</realm-name>
+      <form-login-config>
+        <form-login-page>/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp</form-login-page>
+        <form-error-page>/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp</form-error-page>
+      </form-login-config>
+    </login-config>
+
+    <!-- Security roles referenced by this web application -->
+    <security-role>
+      <role-name>role1</role-name>
+    </security-role>
+    <security-role>
+      <role-name>tomcat</role-name>
+    </security-role>
+
+    <!-- Environment entry examples -->
+    <!--env-entry>
+      <env-entry-description>
+         The maximum number of tax exemptions allowed to be set.
+      </env-entry-description>
+      <env-entry-name>maxExemptions</env-entry-name>
+      <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>
+      <env-entry-value>15</env-entry-value>
+    </env-entry-->
+    <env-entry>
+      <env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name>
+      <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>
+      <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>
+    </env-entry>
+    <env-entry>
+      <env-entry-name>foo/name1</env-entry-name>
+      <env-entry-type>java.lang.String</env-entry-type>
+      <env-entry-value>value1</env-entry-value>
+    </env-entry>
+    <env-entry>
+      <env-entry-name>foo/bar/name2</env-entry-name>
+      <env-entry-type>java.lang.Boolean</env-entry-type>
+      <env-entry-value>true</env-entry-value>
+    </env-entry>
+    <env-entry>
+      <env-entry-name>name3</env-entry-name>
+      <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>
+      <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>
+    </env-entry>
+    <env-entry>
+      <env-entry-name>foo/name4</env-entry-name>
+      <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>
+      <env-entry-value>10</env-entry-value>
+    </env-entry>
+
+    <!-- Async examples -->
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>async0</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>async.Async0</servlet-class>
+      <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>async0</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/async/async0</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>async1</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>async.Async1</servlet-class>
+      <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>async1</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/async/async1</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>async2</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>async.Async2</servlet-class>
+      <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>async2</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/async/async2</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>async3</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>async.Async3</servlet-class>
+      <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>async3</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/async/async3</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>stock</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>async.AsyncStockServlet</servlet-class>
+      <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>stock</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/async/stockticker</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+    <!-- Non-blocking IO examples -->
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>bytecounter</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>nonblocking.ByteCounter</servlet-class>
+      <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>bytecounter</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/servlets/nonblocking/bytecounter</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>numberwriter</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>nonblocking.NumberWriter</servlet-class>
+      <async-supported>true</async-supported>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>numberwriter</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/servlets/nonblocking/numberwriter</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+    <!-- Server Push examples -->
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>simpleimagepush</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>http2.SimpleImagePush</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>simpleimagepush</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/servlets/serverpush/simpleimage</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+    <!-- Trailer examples -->
+    <servlet>
+      <servlet-name>responsetrailer</servlet-name>
+      <servlet-class>trailers.ResponseTrailers</servlet-class>
+    </servlet>
+    <servlet-mapping>
+      <servlet-name>responsetrailer</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/servlets/trailers/response</url-pattern>
+    </servlet-mapping>
+
+    <welcome-file-list>
+        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
+        <welcome-file>index.xhtml</welcome-file>
+        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
+        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
+    </welcome-file-list>
+
+    <!-- Websocket examples -->
+    <listener>
+        <listener-class>websocket.drawboard.DrawboardContextListener</listener-class>
+    </listener>
+
+    <error-page>
+        <error-code>403</error-code>
+        <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp</location>
+    </error-page>
+
+</web-app>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0799e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE HTML><html lang="en"><head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<title>Apache Tomcat Examples</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<p>
+<h3>Apache Tomcat Examples</H3>
+<p></p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="servlets">Servlets examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="jsp">JSP Examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="websocket/index.xhtml">WebSocket Examples</a></li>
+</ul>
+</body></html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async1.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async1.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af88869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async1.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page session="false" import="java.util.Date,java.text.SimpleDateFormat"%>
+Output from async1.jsp
+Type is <%=request.getDispatcherType()%>
+<%
+  System.out.println("Inside Async 1");
+  if (request.isAsyncStarted()) {
+    request.getAsyncContext().complete();
+  }
+  Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
+  SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z");
+%>
+Completed async request at <%=sdf.format(date)%>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async1.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async1.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2244765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async1.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@page session="false" import="java.util.Date,java.text.SimpleDateFormat"%>
+Output from async1.jsp
+Type is &lt;%=request.getDispatcherType()%>
+&lt;%
+  System.out.println("Inside Async 1");
+  if (request.isAsyncStarted()) {
+    request.getAsyncContext().complete();
+  }
+  Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
+  SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z");
+%>
+Completed async request at &lt;%=sdf.format(date)%>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async3.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async3.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d24e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async3.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page session="false" import="java.util.Date,java.text.SimpleDateFormat"%>
+Output from async3.jsp
+Type is <%=request.getDispatcherType()%>
+<%
+  Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
+  SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z");
+%>
+
+Completed async 3 request at <%=sdf.format(date)%>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async3.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async3.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6deced8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/async3.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@page session="false" import="java.util.Date,java.text.SimpleDateFormat"%>
+Output from async3.jsp
+Type is &lt;%=request.getDispatcherType()%>
+&lt;%
+  Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
+  SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z");
+%>
+
+Completed async 3 request at &lt;%=sdf.format(date)%>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/index.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/index.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be2d713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/index.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page session="false"%>
+
+<pre>
+Use cases:
+
+1. Simple dispatch
+ - servlet does startAsync()
+ - background thread calls ctx.dispatch()
+   <a href="<%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/async0")%>"> Async 0 </a>
+
+2. Simple dispatch
+ - servlet does startAsync()
+ - background thread calls dispatch(/path/to/jsp)
+   <a href="<%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/async1")%>"> Async 1 </a>
+
+3. Simple dispatch
+ - servlet does startAsync()
+ - background thread calls writes and calls complete()
+   <a href="<%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/async2")%>"> Async 2 </a>
+
+4. Simple dispatch
+ - servlet does a startAsync()
+ - servlet calls dispatch(/path/to/jsp)
+ - servlet calls complete()
+   <a href="<%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/async3")%>"> Async 3 </a>
+
+3. Timeout s1
+ - servlet does a startAsync()
+ - servlet does a setAsyncTimeout
+ - returns - waits for timeout to happen should return error page
+
+4. Timeout s2
+ - servlet does a startAsync()
+ - servlet does a setAsyncTimeout
+ - servlet does a addAsyncListener
+ - returns - waits for timeout to happen and listener invoked
+
+5. Dispatch to asyncSupported=false servlet
+ - servlet1 does a startAsync()
+ - servlet1 dispatches to dispatch(/servlet2)
+ - the container calls complete() after servlet2 is complete
+ - TODO
+
+6. Chained dispatch
+ - servlet1 does a startAsync
+ - servlet1 does a dispatch to servlet2 (asyncsupported=true)
+ - servlet2 does a dispatch to servlet3 (asyncsupported=true)
+ - servlet3 does a dispatch to servlet4 (asyncsupported=false)
+
+
+7. Stock ticker
+   <a href="<%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/stockticker")%>"> StockTicker </a>
+</pre>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/index.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/index.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..778b643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/async/index.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@page session="false"%>
+
+&lt;pre>
+Use cases:
+
+1. Simple dispatch
+ - servlet does startAsync()
+ - background thread calls ctx.dispatch()
+   &lt;a href="&lt;%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/async0")%>"> Async 0 &lt;/a>
+
+2. Simple dispatch
+ - servlet does startAsync()
+ - background thread calls dispatch(/path/to/jsp)
+   &lt;a href="&lt;%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/async1")%>"> Async 1 &lt;/a>
+
+3. Simple dispatch
+ - servlet does startAsync()
+ - background thread calls writes and calls complete()
+   &lt;a href="&lt;%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/async2")%>"> Async 2 &lt;/a>
+
+4. Simple dispatch
+ - servlet does a startAsync()
+ - servlet calls dispatch(/path/to/jsp)
+ - servlet calls complete()
+   &lt;a href="&lt;%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/async3")%>"> Async 3 &lt;/a>
+
+3. Timeout s1
+ - servlet does a startAsync()
+ - servlet does a setAsyncTimeout
+ - returns - waits for timeout to happen should return error page
+
+4. Timeout s2
+ - servlet does a startAsync()
+ - servlet does a setAsyncTimeout
+ - servlet does a addAsyncListener
+ - returns - waits for timeout to happen and listener invoked
+
+5. Dispatch to asyncSupported=false servlet
+ - servlet1 does a startAsync()
+ - servlet1 dispatches to dispatch(/servlet2)
+ - the container calls complete() after servlet2 is complete
+ - TODO
+
+6. Chained dispatch
+ - servlet1 does a startAsync
+ - servlet1 does a dispatch to servlet2 (asyncsupported=true)
+ - servlet2 does a dispatch to servlet3 (asyncsupported=true)
+ - servlet3 does a dispatch to servlet4 (asyncsupported=false)
+
+
+7. Stock ticker
+   &lt;a href="&lt;%=response.encodeURL("/examples/async/stockticker")%>"> StockTicker &lt;/a>
+&lt;/pre>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/Entries.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/Entries.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..353e718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/Entries.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package cal;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+public class Entries {
+
+    private final Map&lt;String, Entry> entries;
+    private static final String[] time = { "8am", "9am", "10am", "11am",
+            "12pm", "1pm", "2pm", "3pm", "4pm", "5pm", "6pm", "7pm", "8pm" };
+    public static final int rows = 12;
+
+    public Entries() {
+        entries = new ConcurrentHashMap&lt;>(rows);
+        for (int i = 0; i &lt; rows; i++) {
+            entries.put(time[i], new Entry(time[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getRows() {
+        return rows;
+    }
+
+    public Entry getEntry(int index) {
+        return this.entries.get(time[index]);
+    }
+
+    public int getIndex(String tm) {
+        for (int i = 0; i &lt; rows; i++) {
+            if (tm.equals(time[i])) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String tm) {
+        int index = getIndex(tm);
+        if (index >= 0) {
+            String descr = request.getParameter("description");
+            entries.get(time[index]).setDescription(descr);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/Entry.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/Entry.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b77cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/Entry.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package cal;
+
+public class Entry {
+
+    final String hour;
+    String description;
+
+    public Entry(String hour) {
+        this.hour = hour;
+        this.description = "";
+
+    }
+
+    public String getHour() {
+        return this.hour;
+    }
+
+    public String getColor() {
+        if (description.equals("")) {
+            return "lightblue";
+        }
+        return "red";
+    }
+
+    public String getDescription() {
+        if (description.equals("")) {
+            return "None";
+        }
+        return this.description;
+    }
+
+    public void setDescription(String descr) {
+        description = descr;
+    }
+
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/JspCalendar.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/JspCalendar.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..054e759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/JspCalendar.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package cal;
+
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public class JspCalendar {
+    final Calendar  calendar;
+
+    public JspCalendar() {
+        calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
+        Date trialTime = new Date();
+        calendar.setTime(trialTime);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public String getMonth() {
+        int m = getMonthInt();
+        String[] months = new String [] { "January", "February", "March",
+                                        "April", "May", "June",
+                                        "July", "August", "September",
+                                        "October", "November", "December" };
+        if (m > 12) {
+            return "Unknown to Man";
+        }
+
+        return months[m - 1];
+
+    }
+
+    public String getDay() {
+        int x = getDayOfWeek();
+        String[] days = new String[] {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
+                                      "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};
+
+        if (x > 7) {
+            return "Unknown to Man";
+        }
+
+        return days[x - 1];
+
+    }
+
+    public int getMonthInt() {
+        return 1 + calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public String getDate() {
+        return getMonthInt() + "/" + getDayOfMonth() + "/" +  getYear();
+    }
+
+    public String getCurrentDate() {
+        Date dt = new Date ();
+        calendar.setTime (dt);
+        return getMonthInt() + "/" + getDayOfMonth() + "/" +  getYear();
+
+    }
+
+    public String getNextDate() {
+        calendar.set (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, getDayOfMonth() + 1);
+        return getDate ();
+    }
+
+    public String getPrevDate() {
+        calendar.set (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, getDayOfMonth() - 1);
+        return getDate ();
+    }
+
+    public String getTime() {
+        return getHour() + ":" + getMinute() + ":" + getSecond();
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfMonth() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public int getWeekOfYear() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR);
+    }
+
+    public int getWeekOfMonth() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_MONTH);
+    }
+
+    public int getDayOfWeek() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
+    }
+
+    public int getHour() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
+    }
+
+    public int getMinute() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getSecond() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getEra() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.ERA);
+    }
+
+    public String getUSTimeZone() {
+        String[] zones = new String[] {"Hawaii", "Alaskan", "Pacific",
+                                       "Mountain", "Central", "Eastern"};
+
+        return zones[10 + getZoneOffset()];
+    }
+
+    public int getZoneOffset() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getDSTOffset() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)/(60*60*1000);
+    }
+
+
+    public int getAMPM() {
+        return calendar.get(Calendar.AM_PM);
+    }
+}
+
+
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/TableBean.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/TableBean.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e6573a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/TableBean.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package cal;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+public class TableBean {
+
+    private final Map&lt;String, Entries> table;
+    private final JspCalendar JspCal;
+    private Entries entries;
+    private String date;
+    private String name = null;
+    private String email = null;
+    private boolean processError = false;
+
+    public TableBean() {
+        this.table = new ConcurrentHashMap&lt;>(10);
+        this.JspCal = new JspCalendar();
+        this.date = JspCal.getCurrentDate();
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String nm) {
+        this.name = nm;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return this.name;
+    }
+
+    public void setEmail(String mail) {
+        this.email = mail;
+    }
+
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return this.email;
+    }
+
+    public String getDate() {
+        return this.date;
+    }
+
+    public Entries getEntries() {
+        return this.entries;
+    }
+
+    public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
+
+        // Get the name and e-mail.
+        this.processError = false;
+        if (name == null || name.equals("")) {
+            setName(request.getParameter("name"));
+        }
+        if (email == null || email.equals("")) {
+            setEmail(request.getParameter("email"));
+        }
+        if (name == null || email == null || name.equals("")
+                || email.equals("")) {
+            this.processError = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the date.
+        String dateR = request.getParameter("date");
+        if (dateR == null) {
+            date = JspCal.getCurrentDate();
+        } else if (dateR.equalsIgnoreCase("next")) {
+            date = JspCal.getNextDate();
+        } else if (dateR.equalsIgnoreCase("prev")) {
+            date = JspCal.getPrevDate();
+        }
+
+        entries = table.get(date);
+        if (entries == null) {
+            entries = new Entries();
+            table.put(date, entries);
+        }
+
+        // If time is provided add the event.
+        String time = request.getParameter("time");
+        if (time != null) {
+            entries.processRequest(request, time);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean getProcessError() {
+        return this.processError;
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal1.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal1.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce29c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal1.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+<HTML>
+<HEAD><TITLE>
+    Calendar: A JSP APPLICATION
+</TITLE></HEAD>
+
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
+
+<%@ page language="java" import="cal.*" %>
+<jsp:useBean id="table" scope="session" class="cal.TableBean" />
+
+<%
+    table.processRequest(request);
+    if (table.getProcessError() == false) {
+%>
+
+<!-- HTML table goes here -->
+<CENTER>
+<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=yellow CELLPADDING=15>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN=CENTER> <A HREF=cal1.jsp?date=prev> prev </A>
+<TD ALIGN=CENTER> Calendar:<%= table.getDate() %></TD>
+<TD ALIGN=CENTER> <A HREF=cal1.jsp?date=next> next </A>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+
+<!-- the main table -->
+<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=lightblue BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=10>
+<TR>
+<TH> Time </TH>
+<TH> Appointment </TH>
+</TR>
+<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=cal1.jsp>
+<%
+    for(int i=0; i<table.getEntries().getRows(); i++) {
+       cal.Entry entr = table.getEntries().getEntry(i);
+%>
+    <TR>
+    <TD>
+    <A HREF=cal2.jsp?time=<%= entr.getHour() %>>
+        <%= entr.getHour() %> </A>
+    </TD>
+    <TD BGCOLOR=<%= entr.getColor() %>>
+    <% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(entr.getDescription())); %>
+    </TD>
+    </TR>
+<%
+    }
+%>
+</FORM>
+</TABLE>
+<BR>
+
+<!-- footer -->
+<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=yellow CELLPADDING=15>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN=CENTER>  <% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(table.getName())); %> :
+             <% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(table.getEmail())); %> </TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+</CENTER>
+
+<%
+    } else {
+%>
+<font size=5>
+    You must enter your name and email address correctly.
+</font>
+<%
+    }
+%>
+
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
+
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal1.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal1.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a6061c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal1.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+&lt;HTML>
+&lt;HEAD>&lt;TITLE>
+    Calendar: A JSP APPLICATION
+&lt;/TITLE>&lt;/HEAD>
+
+
+&lt;BODY BGCOLOR="white">
+
+&lt;%@ page language="java" import="cal.*" %>
+&lt;jsp:useBean id="table" scope="session" class="cal.TableBean" />
+
+&lt;%
+    table.processRequest(request);
+    if (table.getProcessError() == false) {
+%>
+
+&lt;!-- HTML table goes here -->
+&lt;CENTER>
+&lt;TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=yellow CELLPADDING=15>
+&lt;TR>
+&lt;TD ALIGN=CENTER> &lt;A HREF=cal1.jsp?date=prev> prev &lt;/A>
+&lt;TD ALIGN=CENTER> Calendar:&lt;%= table.getDate() %>&lt;/TD>
+&lt;TD ALIGN=CENTER> &lt;A HREF=cal1.jsp?date=next> next &lt;/A>
+&lt;/TR>
+&lt;/TABLE>
+
+&lt;!-- the main table -->
+&lt;TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=lightblue BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=10>
+&lt;TR>
+&lt;TH> Time &lt;/TH>
+&lt;TH> Appointment &lt;/TH>
+&lt;/TR>
+&lt;FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=cal1.jsp>
+&lt;%
+    for(int i=0; i&lt;table.getEntries().getRows(); i++) {
+       cal.Entry entr = table.getEntries().getEntry(i);
+%>
+    &lt;TR>
+    &lt;TD>
+    &lt;A HREF=cal2.jsp?time=&lt;%= entr.getHour() %>>
+        &lt;%= entr.getHour() %> &lt;/A>
+    &lt;/TD>
+    &lt;TD BGCOLOR=&lt;%= entr.getColor() %>>
+    &lt;% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(entr.getDescription())); %>
+    &lt;/TD>
+    &lt;/TR>
+&lt;%
+    }
+%>
+&lt;/FORM>
+&lt;/TABLE>
+&lt;BR>
+
+&lt;!-- footer -->
+&lt;TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=yellow CELLPADDING=15>
+&lt;TR>
+&lt;TD ALIGN=CENTER>  &lt;% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(table.getName())); %> :
+             &lt;% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(table.getEmail())); %> &lt;/TD>
+&lt;/TR>
+&lt;/TABLE>
+&lt;/CENTER>
+
+&lt;%
+    } else {
+%>
+&lt;font size=5>
+    You must enter your name and email address correctly.
+&lt;/font>
+&lt;%
+    }
+%>
+
+
+&lt;/BODY>
+&lt;/HTML>
+
+
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal2.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal2.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7e14d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal2.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+<HTML>
+<HEAD><TITLE>
+    Calendar: A JSP APPLICATION
+</TITLE></HEAD>
+
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
+<jsp:useBean id="table" scope="session" class="cal.TableBean" />
+
+<%
+    String time = request.getParameter ("time");
+%>
+
+<FONT SIZE=5> Please add the following event:
+<BR> <h3> Date <%= table.getDate() %>
+<BR> Time <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(time) %> </h3>
+</FONT>
+<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=cal1.jsp>
+<BR>
+<BR> <INPUT NAME="date" TYPE=HIDDEN VALUE="current">
+<BR> <INPUT NAME="time" TYPE=HIDDEN VALUE="<%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(time) %>">
+<BR> <h2> Description of the event <INPUT NAME="description" TYPE=TEXT SIZE=20> </h2>
+<BR> <INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE="submit">
+</FORM>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal2.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal2.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cc191b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal2.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+&lt;HTML>
+&lt;HEAD>&lt;TITLE>
+    Calendar: A JSP APPLICATION
+&lt;/TITLE>&lt;/HEAD>
+
+
+&lt;BODY BGCOLOR="white">
+&lt;jsp:useBean id="table" scope="session" class="cal.TableBean" />
+
+&lt;%
+    String time = request.getParameter ("time");
+%>
+
+&lt;FONT SIZE=5> Please add the following event:
+&lt;BR> &lt;h3> Date &lt;%= table.getDate() %>
+&lt;BR> Time &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(time) %> &lt;/h3>
+&lt;/FONT>
+&lt;FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=cal1.jsp>
+&lt;BR>
+&lt;BR> &lt;INPUT NAME="date" TYPE=HIDDEN VALUE="current">
+&lt;BR> &lt;INPUT NAME="time" TYPE=HIDDEN VALUE="&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(time) %>">
+&lt;BR> &lt;h2> Description of the event &lt;INPUT NAME="description" TYPE=TEXT SIZE=20> &lt;/h2>
+&lt;BR> &lt;INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE="submit">
+&lt;/FORM>
+
+&lt;/BODY>
+&lt;/HTML>
+
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/calendar.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/calendar.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0a3ea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/calendar.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="login.html"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h2> Source Code for Calendar Example. <br>
+<h3><a href="cal1.jsp.html">cal1.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="cal2.jsp.html">cal2.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+<br>
+<h2> Beans.
+<h3><a href="TableBean.java.html">TableBean<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="Entries.java.html">Entries<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="Entry.java.html">Entry<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/login.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/login.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a62eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/login.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+    <title> Login page for the calendar. </title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="white">
+<center>
+
+    <font size=7 color="red"> Please Enter the following information: </font>
+
+<br>
+    <form method=GET action=cal1.jsp>
+
+        <font size=5> Name <input type=text name="name" size=20>
+        </font>
+        <br>
+        <font size=5> Email <input type=text name="email" size=20>
+        </font>
+        <br>
+        <input type=submit name=action value="Submit">
+
+    </form>
+<hr>
+<font size=3 color="red"> Note: This application does not implement the complete
+functionality of a typical calendar application. It demonstrates a way JSP can
+be used with HTML tables and forms.</font>
+
+</center>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/CheckTest.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/CheckTest.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..284d9ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/CheckTest.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<HEAD>
+<title>
+checkbox.CheckTest Bean Properties
+</title>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
+<H2>
+checkbox.CheckTest Bean Properties
+</H2>
+<HR>
+<DL>
+<DT>public class <B>CheckTest</B><DT>extends Object</DL>
+
+<P>
+<HR>
+
+<P>
+
+<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="3" CELLSPACING="0">
+<TR BGCOLOR="#EEEEFF">
+<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE="+2">
+<B>Properties Summary</B></FONT></TD>
+</TR>
+<TR BGCOLOR="white">
+<td align="right" valign="top" width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+String
+</FONT></TD>
+<TD><B>CheckTest:fruit</B>
+<BR>
+       </TD>
+<td width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+Multi
+</FONT></TD>
+</TABLE>
+<HR>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6d6b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<BODY bgcolor="white">
+
+
+<FORM TYPE=POST ACTION=checkresult.jsp>
+<BR>
+<font size=5 color="red">
+Check all Favorite fruits: <br>
+
+<input TYPE=checkbox name=fruit VALUE=apples> Apples <BR>
+<input TYPE=checkbox name=fruit VALUE=grapes> Grapes <BR>
+<input TYPE=checkbox name=fruit VALUE=oranges> Oranges <BR>
+<input TYPE=checkbox name=fruit VALUE=melons> Melons <BR>
+
+
+<br> <INPUT TYPE=submit name=submit Value="Submit">
+
+</font>
+</FORM>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/checkresult.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/checkresult.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e64739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/checkresult.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+<font size=5 color="red">
+<%! String[] fruits; %>
+<jsp:useBean id="foo" scope="page" class="checkbox.CheckTest" />
+
+<jsp:setProperty name="foo" property="fruit" param="fruit" />
+<hr>
+The checked fruits (got using request) are: <br>
+<%
+    fruits = request.getParameterValues("fruit");
+%>
+<ul>
+<%
+    if (fruits != null) {
+        for (String fruit : fruits) {
+%>
+<li>
+<%
+            out.println (util.HTMLFilter.filter(fruit));
+        }
+    } else out.println ("none selected");
+%>
+</ul>
+<br>
+<hr>
+
+The checked fruits (got using beans) are <br>
+
+<%
+        fruits = foo.getFruit();
+%>
+<ul>
+<%
+    if (!fruits[0].equals("1")) {
+        for (String fruit : fruits) {
+%>
+<li>
+<%
+            out.println (util.HTMLFilter.filter(fruit));
+        }
+    } else {
+        out.println ("none selected");
+    }
+%>
+</ul>
+</font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/checkresult.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/checkresult.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8af737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/checkresult.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+&lt;font size=5 color="red">
+&lt;%! String[] fruits; %>
+&lt;jsp:useBean id="foo" scope="page" class="checkbox.CheckTest" />
+
+&lt;jsp:setProperty name="foo" property="fruit" param="fruit" />
+&lt;hr>
+The checked fruits (got using request) are: &lt;br>
+&lt;%
+    fruits = request.getParameterValues("fruit");
+%>
+&lt;ul>
+&lt;%
+    if (fruits != null) {
+        for (String fruit : fruits) {
+%>
+&lt;li>
+&lt;%
+            out.println (util.HTMLFilter.filter(fruit));
+        }
+    } else out.println ("none selected");
+%>
+&lt;/ul>
+&lt;br>
+&lt;hr>
+
+The checked fruits (got using beans) are &lt;br>
+
+&lt;%
+        fruits = foo.getFruit();
+%>
+&lt;ul>
+&lt;%
+    if (!fruits[0].equals("1")) {
+        for (String fruit : fruits) {
+%>
+&lt;li>
+&lt;%
+            out.println (util.HTMLFilter.filter(fruit));
+        }
+    } else {
+        out.println ("none selected");
+    }
+%>
+&lt;/ul>
+&lt;/font>
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/cresult.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/cresult.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6a28d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/cresult.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="check.html"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="checkresult.jsp.html">Source Code for Checkbox Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+<h3><a href="CheckTest.html">Property Sheet for CheckTest
+<font color="#0000FF"></a> </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/ColorGameBean.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/ColorGameBean.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..172bc66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/ColorGameBean.html
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<HEAD>
+<title>
+colors.ColorGameBean Bean Properties
+</title>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
+<H2>
+colors.ColorGameBean Bean Properties
+</H2>
+<HR>
+<DL>
+<DT>public class <B>ColorGameBean</B><DT>extends Object</DL>
+
+<P>
+<HR>
+
+<P>
+
+<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="3" CELLSPACING="0">
+<TR BGCOLOR="#EEEEFF">
+<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE="+2">
+<B>Properties Summary</B></FONT></TD>
+</TR>
+<TR BGCOLOR="white">
+<td align="right" valign="top" width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+String
+</FONT></TD>
+<TD><B>ColorGameBean:color2</B>
+<BR>
+       </TD>
+<td width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+Single
+</FONT></TD>
+<TR BGCOLOR="white">
+<td align="right" valign="top" width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+String
+</FONT></TD>
+<TD><B>ColorGameBean:color1</B>
+<BR>
+       </TD>
+<td width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+Single
+</FONT></TD>
+<TR BGCOLOR="white">
+<td align="right" valign="top" width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+int
+</FONT></TD>
+<TD><B>ColorGameBean:attempts</B>
+<BR>
+       </TD>
+<td width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+Single
+</FONT></TD>
+<TR BGCOLOR="white">
+<td align="right" valign="top" width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+boolean
+</FONT></TD>
+<TD><B>ColorGameBean:hint</B>
+<BR>
+       </TD>
+<td width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+Single
+</FONT></TD>
+<TR BGCOLOR="white">
+<td align="right" valign="top" width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+boolean
+</FONT></TD>
+<TD><B>ColorGameBean:success</B>
+<BR>
+       </TD>
+<td width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+Single
+</FONT></TD>
+<TR BGCOLOR="white">
+<td align="right" valign="top" width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+boolean
+</FONT></TD>
+<TD><B>ColorGameBean:hintTaken</B>
+<BR>
+       </TD>
+<td width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+Single
+</FONT></TD>
+</TABLE>
+<HR>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/clr.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/clr.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e411f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/clr.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="colors.html"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="colrs.jsp.html">Source Code for Color Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+<h3><a href="ColorGameBean.html">Property Sheet for ColorGameBean
+<font color="#0000FF"></a> </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colors.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colors.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..900651e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colors.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<body bgcolor= white>
+<font size=6 color=red>
+
+<hr>
+This web page is an example using JSP and BEANs.
+<p>
+Guess my favorite two colors
+
+<p> If you fail to guess both of them - you get yellow on red.
+
+<p> If you guess one of them right, either your foreground or
+    your background will change to the color that was guessed right.
+
+<p> Guess them both right and your browser foreground/background
+    will change to my two favorite colors to display this page.
+
+<hr>
+<form method=GET action=colrs.jsp>
+Color #1: <input type=text name= color1 size=16>
+<br>
+Color #2: <input type=text name= color2 size=16>
+<p>
+<input type=submit name=action value="Submit">
+<input type=submit name=action value="Hint">
+</form>
+
+</font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colrs.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colrs.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec3af88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colrs.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+
+<jsp:useBean id="cb" scope="session" class="colors.ColorGameBean" />
+<jsp:setProperty name="cb" property="*" />
+
+<%
+    cb.processRequest();
+%>
+
+<body bgcolor=<%= cb.getColor1() %>>
+<font size=6 color=<%= cb.getColor2() %>>
+<p>
+
+<% if (cb.getHint()==true) { %>
+
+    <p> Hint #1: Vampires prey at night!
+    <p>  <p> Hint #2: Nancy without the n.
+
+<% } %>
+
+<% if  (cb.getSuccess()==true) { %>
+
+    <p> CONGRATULATIONS!!
+    <% if  (cb.getHintTaken()==true) { %>
+
+        <p> ( although I know you cheated and peeked into the hints)
+
+    <% } %>
+
+<% } %>
+
+<p> Total attempts so far: <%= cb.getAttempts() %>
+<p>
+
+<p>
+
+<form method=POST action=colrs.jsp>
+
+Color #1: <input type=text name= color1 size=16>
+
+<br>
+
+Color #2: <input type=text name= color2 size=16>
+
+<p>
+
+<input type=submit name=action value="Submit">
+<input type=submit name=action value="Hint">
+
+</form>
+
+</font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colrs.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colrs.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ef38ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colrs.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+
+&lt;jsp:useBean id="cb" scope="session" class="colors.ColorGameBean" />
+&lt;jsp:setProperty name="cb" property="*" />
+
+&lt;%
+    cb.processRequest();
+%>
+
+&lt;body bgcolor=&lt;%= cb.getColor1() %>>
+&lt;font size=6 color=&lt;%= cb.getColor2() %>>
+&lt;p>
+
+&lt;% if (cb.getHint()==true) { %>
+
+    &lt;p> Hint #1: Vampires prey at night!
+    &lt;p>  &lt;p> Hint #2: Nancy without the n.
+
+&lt;% } %>
+
+&lt;% if  (cb.getSuccess()==true) { %>
+
+    &lt;p> CONGRATULATIONS!!
+    &lt;% if  (cb.getHintTaken()==true) { %>
+
+        &lt;p> ( although I know you cheated and peeked into the hints)
+
+    &lt;% } %>
+
+&lt;% } %>
+
+&lt;p> Total attempts so far: &lt;%= cb.getAttempts() %>
+&lt;p>
+
+&lt;p>
+
+&lt;form method=POST action=colrs.jsp>
+
+Color #1: &lt;input type=text name= color1 size=16>
+
+&lt;br>
+
+Color #2: &lt;input type=text name= color2 size=16>
+
+&lt;p>
+
+&lt;input type=submit name=action value="Submit">
+&lt;input type=submit name=action value="Hint">
+
+&lt;/form>
+
+&lt;/font>
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..683ab4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="date.jsp"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="date.jsp.html">Source Code for Date Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6c6b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+
+<%@ page session="false"%>
+
+<body bgcolor="white">
+<jsp:useBean id='clock' scope='page' class='dates.JspCalendar' type="dates.JspCalendar" />
+
+<font size=4>
+<ul>
+<li>    Day of month: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="dayOfMonth"/>
+<li>    Year: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="year"/>
+<li>    Month: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="month"/>
+<li>    Time: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="time"/>
+<li>    Date: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="date"/>
+<li>    Day: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="day"/>
+<li>    Day Of Year: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="dayOfYear"/>
+<li>    Week Of Year: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="weekOfYear"/>
+<li>    era: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="era"/>
+<li>    DST Offset: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="DSTOffset"/>
+<li>    Zone Offset: is  <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="zoneOffset"/>
+</ul>
+</font>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f2abfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+
+&lt;%@ page session="false"%>
+
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+&lt;jsp:useBean id='clock' scope='page' class='dates.JspCalendar' type="dates.JspCalendar" />
+
+&lt;font size=4>
+&lt;ul>
+&lt;li>    Day of month: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="dayOfMonth"/>
+&lt;li>    Year: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="year"/>
+&lt;li>    Month: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="month"/>
+&lt;li>    Time: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="time"/>
+&lt;li>    Date: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="date"/>
+&lt;li>    Day: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="day"/>
+&lt;li>    Day Of Year: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="dayOfYear"/>
+&lt;li>    Week Of Year: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="weekOfYear"/>
+&lt;li>    era: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="era"/>
+&lt;li>    DST Offset: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="DSTOffset"/>
+&lt;li>    Zone Offset: is  &lt;jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="zoneOffset"/>
+&lt;/ul>
+&lt;/font>
+
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/er.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/er.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af78159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/er.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="error.html"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="err.jsp.html">Source Code for Error Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/err.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/err.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d188456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/err.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<body bgcolor="lightblue">
+
+    <%@ page errorPage="errorpge.jsp" %>
+    <jsp:useBean id="foo" scope="request" class="error.Smart" />
+    <%
+        String name = null;
+
+        if (request.getParameter("name") == null) {
+    %>
+    <%@ include file="error.html" %>
+    <%
+        } else {
+          foo.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
+          if (foo.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("integra"))
+              name = "acura";
+          if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("acura")) {
+    %>
+
+    <H1> Yes!!! <a href="http://www.acura.com">Acura</a> is my favorite car.
+
+    <%
+          }
+        }
+    %>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/err.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/err.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d607a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/err.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;body bgcolor="lightblue">
+
+    &lt;%@ page errorPage="errorpge.jsp" %>
+    &lt;jsp:useBean id="foo" scope="request" class="error.Smart" />
+    &lt;%
+        String name = null;
+
+        if (request.getParameter("name") == null) {
+    %>
+    &lt;%@ include file="error.html" %>
+    &lt;%
+        } else {
+          foo.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
+          if (foo.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("integra"))
+              name = "acura";
+          if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("acura")) {
+    %>
+
+    &lt;H1> Yes!!! &lt;a href="http://www.acura.com">Acura&lt;/a> is my favorite car.
+
+    &lt;%
+          }
+        }
+    %>
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/error.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/error.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b029c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/error.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<body bgcolor="white">
+
+<h1> This example uses <b>errorpage</b> directive </h1>
+<br>
+<h3> Select my favourite car.</h3>
+<form method=get action=err.jsp>
+<!-- <br> Make a guess: -->
+<SELECT NAME="name" SIZE=5>
+<OPTION VALUE="integra"> Acura Integra <BR>
+<OPTION VALUE="bmw328i"> BMW 328I <BR>
+<OPTION VALUE="z3"> BMW Z3 <BR>
+<OPTION VALUE="infiniti"> InfinitiQ3 <BR>
+<OPTION VALUE="audi"> Audi A8 <BR>
+</SELECT>
+<br> <INPUT TYPE=submit name=submit Value="Submit">
+</form>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/errorpge.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/errorpge.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c6eb0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/errorpge.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+
+<body bgcolor="red">
+
+    <%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
+    <h1> The exception <%= exception.getMessage() %> tells me you
+         made a wrong choice.
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/errorpge.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/errorpge.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d690dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/error/errorpge.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+
+&lt;body bgcolor="red">
+
+    &lt;%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>
+    &lt;h1> The exception &lt;%= exception.getMessage() %> tells me you
+         made a wrong choice.
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..092d9b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<%
+   double freeMem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+   double totlMem = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory();
+   double percent = freeMem/totlMem;
+   if (percent < 0.5) {
+%>
+
+<jsp:forward page="one.jsp"/>
+
+<% } else { %>
+
+<jsp:forward page="two.html"/>
+
+<% } %>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32f8bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;%
+   double freeMem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+   double totlMem = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory();
+   double percent = freeMem/totlMem;
+   if (percent &lt; 0.5) {
+%>
+
+&lt;jsp:forward page="one.jsp"/>
+
+&lt;% } else { %>
+
+&lt;jsp:forward page="two.html"/>
+
+&lt;% } %>
+
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/fwd.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/fwd.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3b0219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/fwd.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="forward.jsp"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="forward.jsp.html">Source Code for Forward Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/one.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/one.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7f0004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/one.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+
+<body bgcolor="white">
+<font color="red">
+
+VM Memory usage &lt; 50%.
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/one.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/one.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af18501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/one.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+&lt;font color="red">
+
+VM Memory usage &amp;lt; 50%.
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/two.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/two.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24f4c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/two.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<body bgcolor="white">
+<font color="red">
+
+VM Memory usage &gt; 50%.
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/code.gif b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/code.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93af2cd
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/code.gif differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/execute.gif b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/execute.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f64d70f
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/execute.gif differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/return.gif b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/return.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af4f68f
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/images/return.gif differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..168c8c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+To get the current time in ms
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb476c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+
+--%><%= System.currentTimeMillis() %>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a1ac7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+
+--%>&lt;%= System.currentTimeMillis() %>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/inc.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/inc.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fedaed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/inc.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="include.jsp"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="include.jsp.html">Source Code for Include Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62a8c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+
+<body bgcolor="white">
+
+<font color="red">
+
+<%@ page buffer="5kb" autoFlush="false" %>
+
+<p>In place evaluation of another JSP which gives you the current time: <%@ include file="foo.jsp" %>
+
+<p> <jsp:include page="foo.html" flush="true"/> by including the output of another JSP: <jsp:include page="foo.jsp" flush="true"/>
+:-)
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f529c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+
+&lt;font color="red">
+
+&lt;%@ page buffer="5kb" autoFlush="false" %>
+
+&lt;p>In place evaluation of another JSP which gives you the current time: &lt;%@ include file="foo.jsp" %>
+
+&lt;p> &lt;jsp:include page="foo.html" flush="true"/> by including the output of another JSP: &lt;jsp:include page="foo.jsp" flush="true"/>
+:-)
+
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b237120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">
+<head>
+   <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
+   <meta name="Author" content="Anil K. Vijendran" />
+   <title>JSP Examples</title>
+   <style type="text/css">
+   img { border: 0; }
+   th { text-align: left; }
+   tr { vertical-align: top; }
+   </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>JSP
+Samples</h1>
+<p>This is a collection of samples demonstrating the usage of different
+parts of the Java Server Pages (JSP) specification.  Both JSP 2.0 and
+JSP 1.2 examples are presented below.
+<p>These examples will only work when these pages are being served by a
+servlet engine; of course, we recommend
+<a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/">Tomcat</a>.
+They will not work if you are viewing these pages via a
+"file://..." URL.
+<p>To navigate your way through the examples, the following icons will
+help:</p>
+<ul style="list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0;">
+<li><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute the example</li>
+<li><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""> Look at the source code for the example</li>
+<li><img src="images/return.gif" alt=""> Return to this screen</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Tip: For session scoped beans to work, the cookies must be enabled.
+This can be done using browser options.</p>
+<h2>JSP 2.0 Examples</h2>
+
+<table style="width: 85%;">
+<tr>
+<th colspan="3">Expression Language</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Basic Arithmetic</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Basic Comparisons</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Implicit Objects</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp?foo=bar"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp?foo=bar">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/implicit-objects.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/implicit-objects.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+
+<td>Functions</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/functions.jsp?foo=JSP+2.0"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/functions.jsp?foo=JSP+2.0">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/functions.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/functions.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Composite Expressions</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/composite.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/composite.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/el/composite.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/el/composite.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<th colspan="3"><br />SimpleTag Handlers and JSP Fragments</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Hello World Tag</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/simpletag/hello.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/simpletag/hello.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Repeat Tag</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/simpletag/repeat.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/simpletag/repeat.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Book Example</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/simpletag/book.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/simpletag/book.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<th colspan="3"><br />Tag Files</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Hello World Tag File</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/hello.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/hello.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Panel Tag File</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/panel.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/panel.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Display Products Example</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/products.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/tagfiles/products.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<th colspan="3"><br />New JSP XML Syntax (.jspx)</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>XHTML Basic Example</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/jspx/basic.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/jspx/basic.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/jspx/svgexample.html"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/jspx/svgexample.html">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/jspx/textRotate.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/jspx/textRotate.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<th colspan="3"><br />Other JSP 2.0 Features</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&lt;jsp:attribute&gt; and &lt;jsp:body&gt;</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Shuffle Example</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Attributes With Dynamic Names</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>JSP Configuration</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/misc/config.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/misc/config.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsp2/misc/config.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsp2/misc/config.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<h2>JSP 1.2 Examples</h2>
+<table style="width: 85%;">
+<tr>
+<td>Numberguess</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="num/numguess.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="num/numguess.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="num/numguess.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="num/numguess.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Date</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="dates/date.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="dates/date.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="dates/date.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="dates/date.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Snoop</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="snp/snoop.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="snp/snoop.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="snp/snoop.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="snp/snoop.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>ErrorPage</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="error/error.html"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="error/error.html">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="error/er.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="error/er.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Carts</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="sessions/carts.html"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="sessions/carts.html">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="sessions/crt.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="sessions/crt.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Checkbox</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="checkbox/check.html"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="checkbox/check.html">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="checkbox/cresult.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="checkbox/cresult.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Color</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="colors/colors.html"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="colors/colors.html">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="colors/clr.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="colors/clr.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Calendar</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="cal/login.html"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="cal/login.html">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="cal/calendar.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="cal/calendar.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Include</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="include/include.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="include/include.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="include/inc.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="include/inc.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Forward</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="forward/forward.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="forward/forward.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="forward/fwd.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="forward/fwd.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>JSP-Servlet-JSP</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="jsptoserv/jts.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="jsptoserv/jts.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Custom tag example</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="simpletag/foo.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="simpletag/foo.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="simpletag/foo.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="simpletag/foo.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>XML syntax example</td>
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="xml/xml.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="xml/xml.jsp">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="xml/xml.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="xml/xml.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<h2>Tag Plugins</h2>
+<table style="width: 85%;">
+
+<tr>
+  <td>If</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="tagplugin/if.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a>
+    <a href="tagplugin/if.jsp">Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="tagplugin/if.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a>
+    <a href="tagplugin/if.html">Source</a>
+  </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td>ForEach</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="tagplugin/foreach.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a>
+    <a href="tagplugin/foreach.jsp">Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="tagplugin/foreach.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a>
+    <a href="tagplugin/foreach.html">Source</a>
+  </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <td>Choose</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="tagplugin/choose.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a>
+    <a href="tagplugin/choose.jsp">Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="tagplugin/choose.html"><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""></a>
+    <a href="tagplugin/choose.html">Source</a>
+  </td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<h2>Other Examples</h2>
+<table style="width: 85%;">
+
+<tr>
+  <td>FORM Authentication</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="security/protected/index.jsp"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td colspan="3">Example that demonstrates protecting a resource and
+    using Form-Based authentication. To access the page the user must
+    have role of either "tomcat" or "role1". By default no user
+    is configured to have these roles.</td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/Functions.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/Functions.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fec23b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/Functions.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.el;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Defines the functions for the jsp2 example tag library.
+ *
+ * &lt;p>Each function is defined as a static method.&lt;/p>
+ */
+public class Functions {
+    public static String reverse( String text ) {
+        return new StringBuilder( text ).reverse().toString();
+    }
+
+    public static int numVowels( String text ) {
+        String vowels = "aeiouAEIOU";
+        int result = 0;
+        for( int i = 0; i &lt; text.length(); i++ ) {
+            if( vowels.indexOf( text.charAt( i ) ) != -1 ) {
+                result++;
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static String caps( String text ) {
+        return text.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/ValuesBean.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/ValuesBean.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6eed93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/ValuesBean.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples;
+
+/**
+ * Accept and display a value.
+ */
+public class ValuesBean {
+    private String string;
+    private double doubleValue;
+    private long longValue;
+
+    public String getStringValue() {
+        return this.string;
+    }
+
+    public void setStringValue(String string) {
+        this.string = string;
+    }
+
+    public double getDoubleValue() {
+        return doubleValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setDoubleValue(double doubleValue) {
+        this.doubleValue = doubleValue;
+    }
+
+    public long getLongValue() {
+        return longValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setLongValue(long longValue) {
+        this.longValue = longValue;
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/ValuesTag.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/ValuesTag.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..490d212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/ValuesTag.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package examples;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * Accept and display a value.
+ */
+public class ValuesTag extends TagSupport {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    // Using "-1" as the default value,
+    // in the assumption that it won't be used as the value.
+    // Cannot use null here, because null is an important case
+    // that should be present in the tests.
+    private Object objectValue = "-1";
+    private String stringValue = "-1";
+    private long longValue = -1;
+    private double doubleValue = -1;
+
+    public void setObject(Object objectValue) {
+        this.objectValue = objectValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setString(String stringValue) {
+        this.stringValue = stringValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setLong(long longValue) {
+        this.longValue = longValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setDouble(double doubleValue) {
+        this.doubleValue = doubleValue;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
+        JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
+
+        try {
+            if (!"-1".equals(objectValue)) {
+                out.print(objectValue);
+            } else if (!"-1".equals(stringValue)) {
+                out.print(stringValue);
+            } else if (longValue != -1) {
+                out.print(longValue);
+            } else if (doubleValue != -1) {
+                out.print(doubleValue);
+            } else {
+                out.print("-1");
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            throw new JspTagException("IOException: " + ex.toString(), ex);
+        }
+        return super.doEndTag();
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a2f0a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="basic-arithmetic.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="basic-arithmetic.jsp.html">Source Code for Basic Arithmetic Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..757e809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic</h1>
+    <hr>
+    This example illustrates basic Expression Language arithmetic.
+    Addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/ or div),
+    and modulus (% or mod) are all supported.  Error conditions, like
+    division by zero, are handled gracefully.
+    <br>
+    <blockquote>
+      <code>
+        <table border="1">
+          <thead>
+        <td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
+        <td><b>Result</b></td>
+      </thead>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1}</td>
+        <td>${1}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1 + 2}</td>
+        <td>${1 + 2}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1.2 + 2.3}</td>
+        <td>${1.2 + 2.3}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1.2E4 + 1.4}</td>
+        <td>${1.2E4 + 1.4}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${-4 - 2}</td>
+        <td>${-4 - 2}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${21 * 2}</td>
+        <td>${21 * 2}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${3/4}</td>
+        <td>${3/4}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${3 div 4}</td>
+        <td>${3 div 4}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${3/0}</td>
+        <td>${3/0}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${10%4}</td>
+        <td>${10%4}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${10 mod 4}</td>
+        <td>${10 mod 4}</td>
+      </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td>\${(1==2) ? 3 : 4}</td>
+      <td>${(1==2) ? 3 : 4}</td>
+    </tr>
+    </table>
+      </code>
+    </blockquote>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8e1a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    This example illustrates basic Expression Language arithmetic.
+    Addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/ or div),
+    and modulus (% or mod) are all supported.  Error conditions, like
+    division by zero, are handled gracefully.
+    &lt;br>
+    &lt;blockquote>
+      &lt;code>
+        &lt;table border="1">
+          &lt;thead>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>EL Expression&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>Result&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/thead>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${1}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1 + 2}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${1 + 2}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1.2 + 2.3}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${1.2 + 2.3}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1.2E4 + 1.4}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${1.2E4 + 1.4}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${-4 - 2}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${-4 - 2}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${21 * 2}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${21 * 2}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${3/4}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${3/4}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${3 div 4}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${3 div 4}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${3/0}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${3/0}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${10%4}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${10%4}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${10 mod 4}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${10 mod 4}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;tr>
+      &lt;td>\${(1==2) ? 3 : 4}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;td>${(1==2) ? 3 : 4}&lt;/td>
+    &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;/table>
+      &lt;/code>
+    &lt;/blockquote>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60fb40a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="basic-comparisons.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="basic-comparisons.jsp.html">Source Code for Basic Comparisons Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d72f724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Comparisons</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Comparisons</h1>
+    <hr>
+    This example illustrates basic Expression Language comparisons.
+    The following comparison operators are supported:
+    <ul>
+      <li>Less-than (&lt; or lt)</li>
+      <li>Greater-than (&gt; or gt)</li>
+      <li>Less-than-or-equal (&lt;= or le)</li>
+      <li>Greater-than-or-equal (&gt;= or ge)</li>
+      <li>Equal (== or eq)</li>
+      <li>Not Equal (!= or ne)</li>
+    </ul>
+    <blockquote>
+      <u><b>Numeric</b></u>
+      <code>
+        <table border="1">
+          <thead>
+        <td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
+        <td><b>Result</b></td>
+      </thead>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1 &lt; 2}</td>
+        <td>${1 < 2}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1 lt 2}</td>
+        <td>${1 lt 2}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1 &gt; (4/2)}</td>
+        <td>${1 > (4/2)}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1 gt (4/2)}</td>
+        <td>${1 gt (4/2)}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${4.0 &gt;= 3}</td>
+        <td>${4.0 >= 3}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${4.0 ge 3}</td>
+        <td>${4.0 ge 3}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${4 &lt;= 3}</td>
+        <td>${4 <= 3}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${4 le 3}</td>
+        <td>${4 le 3}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${100.0 == 100}</td>
+        <td>${100.0 == 100}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${100.0 eq 100}</td>
+        <td>${100.0 eq 100}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${(10*10) != 100}</td>
+        <td>${(10*10) != 100}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${(10*10) ne 100}</td>
+        <td>${(10*10) ne 100}</td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+      </code>
+      <br>
+      <u><b>Alphabetic</b></u>
+      <code>
+        <table border="1">
+          <thead>
+            <td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
+            <td><b>Result</b></td>
+          </thead>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${'a' &lt; 'b'}</td>
+            <td>${'a' < 'b'}</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${'hip' &gt; 'hit'}</td>
+            <td>${'hip' > 'hit'}</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${'4' &gt; 3}</td>
+            <td>${'4' > 3}</td>
+          </tr>
+        </table>
+      </code>
+    </blockquote>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d20471e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Comparisons&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Comparisons&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    This example illustrates basic Expression Language comparisons.
+    The following comparison operators are supported:
+    &lt;ul>
+      &lt;li>Less-than (&amp;lt; or lt)&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Greater-than (&amp;gt; or gt)&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Less-than-or-equal (&amp;lt;= or le)&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Greater-than-or-equal (&amp;gt;= or ge)&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Equal (== or eq)&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Not Equal (!= or ne)&lt;/li>
+    &lt;/ul>
+    &lt;blockquote>
+      &lt;u>&lt;b>Numeric&lt;/b>&lt;/u>
+      &lt;code>
+        &lt;table border="1">
+          &lt;thead>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>EL Expression&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>Result&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/thead>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1 &amp;lt; 2}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${1 &lt; 2}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1 lt 2}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${1 lt 2}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1 &amp;gt; (4/2)}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${1 > (4/2)}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1 gt (4/2)}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${1 gt (4/2)}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${4.0 &amp;gt;= 3}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${4.0 >= 3}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${4.0 ge 3}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${4.0 ge 3}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${4 &amp;lt;= 3}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${4 &lt;= 3}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${4 le 3}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${4 le 3}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${100.0 == 100}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${100.0 == 100}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${100.0 eq 100}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${100.0 eq 100}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${(10*10) != 100}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${(10*10) != 100}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${(10*10) ne 100}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${(10*10) ne 100}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;/table>
+      &lt;/code>
+      &lt;br>
+      &lt;u>&lt;b>Alphabetic&lt;/b>&lt;/u>
+      &lt;code>
+        &lt;table border="1">
+          &lt;thead>
+            &lt;td>&lt;b>EL Expression&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>&lt;b>Result&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/thead>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${'a' &amp;lt; 'b'}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${'a' &lt; 'b'}&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${'hip' &amp;gt; 'hit'}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${'hip' > 'hit'}&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${'4' &amp;gt; 3}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${'4' > 3}&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+        &lt;/table>
+      &lt;/code>
+    &lt;/blockquote>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5900008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="composite.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="composite.jsp.html">Source Code for composite.jsp</a></h3>
+<h3><a href="ValuesTag.java.html">Source Code for ValuesTag.java</a></h3>
+<h3><a href="ValuesBean.java.html">Source Code for ValuesBean.java</a></h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae671d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib" %>
+
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Composite Expressions</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Composite Expressions</h1>
+    <hr>
+    This example illustrates EL composite expressions. Composite expressions
+    are formed by grouping together multiple EL expressions. Each of them is
+    evaluated from left to right, coerced to String, all those strings are
+    concatenated, and the result is coerced to the expected type.
+
+    <jsp:useBean id="values" class="jsp2.examples.ValuesBean" />
+
+    <blockquote>
+      <code>
+        <table border="1">
+          <thead>
+        <td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
+        <td><b>Type</b></td>
+        <td><b>Result</b></td>
+      </thead>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${'hello'} wo\${'rld'}</td>
+        <td>String</td>
+        <td><jsp:setProperty name="values" property="stringValue" value="${'hello'} wo${'rld'}"/>${values.stringValue}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${'hello'} wo\${'rld'}</td>
+        <td>String</td>
+        <td><my:values string="${'hello'} wo${'rld'}"/></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1+2}.\${220}</td>
+        <td>Double</td>
+        <td><jsp:setProperty name="values" property="doubleValue" value="${1+2}.${220}"/>${values.doubleValue}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${1+2}.\${220}</td>
+        <td>Double</td>
+        <td><my:values double="${1+2}.${220}"/></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>000\${1}\${7}</td>
+        <td>Long</td>
+        <td><jsp:setProperty name="values" property="longValue" value="000${1}${7}"/>${values.longValue}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>000\${1}\${7}</td>
+        <td>Long</td>
+        <td><my:values long="000${1}${7}"/></td>
+      </tr>
+      <!--
+         Undefined values are to be coerced to String, to be "",
+         https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47413
+       -->
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${undefinedFoo}hello world\${undefinedBar}</td>
+        <td>String</td>
+        <td><jsp:setProperty name="values" property="stringValue" value="${undefinedFoo}hello world${undefinedBar}"/>${values.stringValue}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${undefinedFoo}hello world\${undefinedBar}</td>
+        <td>String</td>
+        <td><my:values string="${undefinedFoo}hello world${undefinedBar}"/></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${undefinedFoo}\${undefinedBar}</td>
+        <td>Double</td>
+        <td><jsp:setProperty name="values" property="doubleValue" value="${undefinedFoo}${undefinedBar}"/>${values.doubleValue}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${undefinedFoo}\${undefinedBar}</td>
+        <td>Double</td>
+        <td><my:values double="${undefinedFoo}${undefinedBar}"/></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${undefinedFoo}\${undefinedBar}</td>
+        <td>Long</td>
+        <td><jsp:setProperty name="values" property="longValue" value="${undefinedFoo}${undefinedBar}"/>${values.longValue}</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>\${undefinedFoo}\${undefinedBar}</td>
+        <td>Long</td>
+        <td><my:values long="${undefinedFoo}${undefinedBar}"/></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+      </code>
+    </blockquote>
+  </body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..375555f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/composite.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib" %>
+
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Composite Expressions&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Composite Expressions&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    This example illustrates EL composite expressions. Composite expressions
+    are formed by grouping together multiple EL expressions. Each of them is
+    evaluated from left to right, coerced to String, all those strings are
+    concatenated, and the result is coerced to the expected type.
+
+    &lt;jsp:useBean id="values" class="jsp2.examples.ValuesBean" />
+
+    &lt;blockquote>
+      &lt;code>
+        &lt;table border="1">
+          &lt;thead>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>EL Expression&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>Type&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>Result&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/thead>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${'hello'} wo\${'rld'}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>String&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;jsp:setProperty name="values" property="stringValue" value="${'hello'} wo${'rld'}"/>${values.stringValue}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${'hello'} wo\${'rld'}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>String&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;my:values string="${'hello'} wo${'rld'}"/>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1+2}.\${220}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>Double&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;jsp:setProperty name="values" property="doubleValue" value="${1+2}.${220}"/>${values.doubleValue}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${1+2}.\${220}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>Double&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;my:values double="${1+2}.${220}"/>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>000\${1}\${7}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>Long&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;jsp:setProperty name="values" property="longValue" value="000${1}${7}"/>${values.longValue}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>000\${1}\${7}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>Long&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;my:values long="000${1}${7}"/>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;!--
+         Undefined values are to be coerced to String, to be "",
+         https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47413
+       -->
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${undefinedFoo}hello world\${undefinedBar}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>String&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;jsp:setProperty name="values" property="stringValue" value="${undefinedFoo}hello world${undefinedBar}"/>${values.stringValue}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${undefinedFoo}hello world\${undefinedBar}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>String&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;my:values string="${undefinedFoo}hello world${undefinedBar}"/>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${undefinedFoo}\${undefinedBar}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>Double&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;jsp:setProperty name="values" property="doubleValue" value="${undefinedFoo}${undefinedBar}"/>${values.doubleValue}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${undefinedFoo}\${undefinedBar}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>Double&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;my:values double="${undefinedFoo}${undefinedBar}"/>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${undefinedFoo}\${undefinedBar}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>Long&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;jsp:setProperty name="values" property="longValue" value="${undefinedFoo}${undefinedBar}"/>${values.longValue}&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+      &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>\${undefinedFoo}\${undefinedBar}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>Long&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;my:values long="${undefinedFoo}${undefinedBar}"/>&lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;/table>
+      &lt;/code>
+    &lt;/blockquote>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..726dda3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="functions.jsp?foo=JSP+2.0"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="functions.jsp.html">Source Code for functions.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="Functions.java.html">Source Code for Functions.java<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12b3fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
+<%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Functions</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Functions</h1>
+    <hr>
+    An upgrade from the JSTL expression language, the JSP 2.0 EL also
+    allows for simple function invocation.  Functions are defined
+    by tag libraries and are implemented by a Java programmer as
+    static methods.
+
+    <blockquote>
+      <u><b>Change Parameter</b></u>
+      <form action="functions.jsp" method="GET">
+          foo = <input type="text" name="foo" value="${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}">
+          <input type="submit">
+      </form>
+      <br>
+      <code>
+        <table border="1">
+          <thead>
+            <td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
+            <td><b>Result</b></td>
+          </thead>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${param["foo"]}</td>
+            <td>${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${my:reverse(param["foo"])}</td>
+            <td>${my:reverse(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"]))}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${my:reverse(my:reverse(param["foo"]))}</td>
+            <td>${my:reverse(my:reverse(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])))}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${my:countVowels(param["foo"])}</td>
+            <td>${my:countVowels(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"]))}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+        </table>
+      </code>
+    </blockquote>
+  </body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a3cdb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Functions&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Functions&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    An upgrade from the JSTL expression language, the JSP 2.0 EL also
+    allows for simple function invocation.  Functions are defined
+    by tag libraries and are implemented by a Java programmer as
+    static methods.
+
+    &lt;blockquote>
+      &lt;u>&lt;b>Change Parameter&lt;/b>&lt;/u>
+      &lt;form action="functions.jsp" method="GET">
+          foo = &lt;input type="text" name="foo" value="${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}">
+          &lt;input type="submit">
+      &lt;/form>
+      &lt;br>
+      &lt;code>
+        &lt;table border="1">
+          &lt;thead>
+            &lt;td>&lt;b>EL Expression&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>&lt;b>Result&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/thead>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${param["foo"]}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${my:reverse(param["foo"])}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${my:reverse(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"]))}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${my:reverse(my:reverse(param["foo"]))}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${my:reverse(my:reverse(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])))}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${my:countVowels(param["foo"])}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${my:countVowels(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"]))}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+        &lt;/table>
+      &lt;/code>
+    &lt;/blockquote>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15268db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="implicit-objects.jsp?foo=bar"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../../index.html">
+<img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="implicit-objects.jsp.html">Source Code for Implicit Objects Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b557714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
+
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Implicit Objects</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Implicit Objects</h1>
+    <hr>
+    This example illustrates some of the implicit objects available
+    in the Expression Language.  The following implicit objects are
+    available (not all illustrated here):
+    <ul>
+      <li>pageContext - the PageContext object</li>
+      <li>pageScope - a Map that maps page-scoped attribute names to
+          their values</li>
+      <li>requestScope - a Map that maps request-scoped attribute names
+          to their values</li>
+      <li>sessionScope - a Map that maps session-scoped attribute names
+          to their values</li>
+      <li>applicationScope - a Map that maps application-scoped attribute
+          names to their values</li>
+      <li>param - a Map that maps parameter names to a single String
+          parameter value</li>
+      <li>paramValues - a Map that maps parameter names to a String[] of
+          all values for that parameter</li>
+      <li>header - a Map that maps header names to a single String
+          header value</li>
+      <li>headerValues - a Map that maps header names to a String[] of
+          all values for that header</li>
+      <li>initParam - a Map that maps context initialization parameter
+          names to their String parameter value</li>
+      <li>cookie - a Map that maps cookie names to a single Cookie object.</li>
+    </ul>
+
+    <blockquote>
+      <u><b>Change Parameter</b></u>
+      <form action="implicit-objects.jsp" method="GET">
+          foo = <input type="text" name="foo" value="${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}">
+          <input type="submit">
+      </form>
+      <br>
+      <code>
+        <table border="1">
+          <thead>
+            <td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
+            <td><b>Result</b></td>
+          </thead>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${param.foo}</td>
+            <td>${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${param["foo"]}</td>
+            <td>${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${header["host"]}</td>
+            <td>${fn:escapeXml(header["host"])}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${header["accept"]}</td>
+            <td>${fn:escapeXml(header["accept"])}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+          <tr>
+            <td>\${header["user-agent"]}</td>
+            <td>${fn:escapeXml(header["user-agent"])}&nbsp;</td>
+          </tr>
+        </table>
+      </code>
+    </blockquote>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db967e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
+
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Implicit Objects&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Implicit Objects&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    This example illustrates some of the implicit objects available
+    in the Expression Language.  The following implicit objects are
+    available (not all illustrated here):
+    &lt;ul>
+      &lt;li>pageContext - the PageContext object&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>pageScope - a Map that maps page-scoped attribute names to
+          their values&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>requestScope - a Map that maps request-scoped attribute names
+          to their values&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>sessionScope - a Map that maps session-scoped attribute names
+          to their values&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>applicationScope - a Map that maps application-scoped attribute
+          names to their values&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>param - a Map that maps parameter names to a single String
+          parameter value&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>paramValues - a Map that maps parameter names to a String[] of
+          all values for that parameter&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>header - a Map that maps header names to a single String
+          header value&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>headerValues - a Map that maps header names to a String[] of
+          all values for that header&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>initParam - a Map that maps context initialization parameter
+          names to their String parameter value&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>cookie - a Map that maps cookie names to a single Cookie object.&lt;/li>
+    &lt;/ul>
+
+    &lt;blockquote>
+      &lt;u>&lt;b>Change Parameter&lt;/b>&lt;/u>
+      &lt;form action="implicit-objects.jsp" method="GET">
+          foo = &lt;input type="text" name="foo" value="${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}">
+          &lt;input type="submit">
+      &lt;/form>
+      &lt;br>
+      &lt;code>
+        &lt;table border="1">
+          &lt;thead>
+            &lt;td>&lt;b>EL Expression&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>&lt;b>Result&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/thead>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${param.foo}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${param["foo"]}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${header["host"]}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${fn:escapeXml(header["host"])}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${header["accept"]}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${fn:escapeXml(header["accept"])}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;tr>
+            &lt;td>\${header["user-agent"]}&lt;/td>
+            &lt;td>${fn:escapeXml(header["user-agent"])}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td>
+          &lt;/tr>
+        &lt;/table>
+      &lt;/code>
+    &lt;/blockquote>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/FooBean.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/FooBean.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e978f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/FooBean.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples;
+
+public class FooBean {
+    private String bar;
+
+    public FooBean() {
+        bar = "Initial value";
+    }
+
+    public String getBar() {
+        return this.bar;
+    }
+
+    public void setBar(String bar) {
+        this.bar = bar;
+    }
+
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88c02ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that prints "Hello, world!"
+ */
+public class HelloWorldSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        getJspContext().getOut().write( "Hello, world!" );
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/ShuffleSimpleTag.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/ShuffleSimpleTag.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e46e3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/ShuffleSimpleTag.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.JspFragment;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that accepts takes three attributes of type
+ * JspFragment and invokes then in a random order.
+ */
+public class ShuffleSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    // No need for this to use SecureRandom
+    private static final Random random = new Random();
+
+    private JspFragment fragment1;
+    private JspFragment fragment2;
+    private JspFragment fragment3;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        switch(random.nextInt(6)) {
+            case 0:
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                break;
+            case 5:
+                fragment3.invoke( null );
+                fragment2.invoke( null );
+                fragment1.invoke( null );
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setFragment1( JspFragment fragment1 ) {
+        this.fragment1 = fragment1;
+    }
+
+    public void setFragment2( JspFragment fragment2 ) {
+        this.fragment2 = fragment2;
+    }
+
+    public void setFragment3( JspFragment fragment3 ) {
+        this.fragment3 = fragment3;
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/TileSimpleTag.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/TileSimpleTag.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66c2f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/TileSimpleTag.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * Displays a tile as a single cell in a table.
+ */
+public class TileSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    private String color;
+    private String label;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        getJspContext().getOut().write(
+                "&lt;td width=\"32\" height=\"32\" bgcolor=\"" + this.color +
+                "\">&lt;font color=\"#ffffff\">&lt;center>" + this.label +
+                "&lt;/center>&lt;/font>&lt;/td>" );
+    }
+
+    public void setColor( String color ) {
+        this.color = color;
+    }
+
+    public void setLabel( String label ) {
+        this.label = label;
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df1b6e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="jspattribute.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="jspattribute.jsp.html">Source Code for jspattribute.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+<h3><a href="HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html">Source Code for HelloWorldSimpleTag.java<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+<h3><a href="FooBean.java.html">Source Code for FooBean.java<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8050b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - jsp:attribute and jsp:body</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - jsp:attribute and jsp:body</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>The new &lt;jsp:attribute&gt; and &lt;jsp:body&gt;
+    standard actions can be used to specify the value of any standard
+    action or custom action attribute.</p>
+    <p>This example uses the &lt;jsp:attribute&gt;
+    standard action to use the output of a custom action invocation
+    (one that simply outputs "Hello, World!") to set the value of a
+    bean property.  This would normally require an intermediary
+    step, such as using JSTL's &lt;c:set&gt; action.</p>
+    <br>
+    <jsp:useBean id="foo" class="jsp2.examples.FooBean">
+      Bean created!  Setting foo.bar...<br>
+      <jsp:setProperty name="foo" property="bar">
+        <jsp:attribute name="value">
+          <my:helloWorld/>
+        </jsp:attribute>
+      </jsp:setProperty>
+    </jsp:useBean>
+    <br>
+    Result: ${foo.bar}
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9596997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - jsp:attribute and jsp:body&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - jsp:attribute and jsp:body&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>The new &amp;lt;jsp:attribute&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;jsp:body&amp;gt;
+    standard actions can be used to specify the value of any standard
+    action or custom action attribute.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;p>This example uses the &amp;lt;jsp:attribute&amp;gt;
+    standard action to use the output of a custom action invocation
+    (one that simply outputs "Hello, World!") to set the value of a
+    bean property.  This would normally require an intermediary
+    step, such as using JSTL's &amp;lt;c:set&amp;gt; action.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;br>
+    &lt;jsp:useBean id="foo" class="jsp2.examples.FooBean">
+      Bean created!  Setting foo.bar...&lt;br>
+      &lt;jsp:setProperty name="foo" property="bar">
+        &lt;jsp:attribute name="value">
+          &lt;my:helloWorld/>
+        &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+      &lt;/jsp:setProperty>
+    &lt;/jsp:useBean>
+    &lt;br>
+    Result: ${foo.bar}
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5711860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="shuffle.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="shuffle.jsp.html">Source Code for shuffle.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+<h3><a href="ShuffleSimpleTag.java.html">Source Code for ShuffleSimpleTag.java<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+<h3><a href="TileSimpleTag.java.html">Source Code for TileSimpleTag.java<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..737ff65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Shuffle Example</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Shuffle Example</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>Try reloading the page a few times.  Both the rows and the columns
+    are shuffled and appear different each time.</p>
+    <p>Here's how the code works.  The SimpleTag handler called
+    &lt;my:shuffle&gt; accepts three attributes.  Each attribute is a
+    JSP Fragment, meaning it is a fragment of JSP code that can be
+    dynamically executed by the shuffle tag handler on demand.  The
+    shuffle tag handler executes the three fragments in a random order.
+    To shuffle both the rows and the columns, the shuffle tag is used
+    with itself as a parameter.</p>
+    <hr>
+    <blockquote>
+     <font color="#ffffff">
+      <table>
+        <my:shuffle>
+          <jsp:attribute name="fragment1">
+            <tr>
+              <my:shuffle>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment1">
+                  <my:tile color="#ff0000" label="A"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment2">
+                  <my:tile color="#00ff00" label="B"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment3">
+                  <my:tile color="#0000ff" label="C"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+              </my:shuffle>
+            </tr>
+          </jsp:attribute>
+          <jsp:attribute name="fragment2">
+            <tr>
+              <my:shuffle>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment1">
+                  <my:tile color="#ff0000" label="1"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment2">
+                  <my:tile color="#00ff00" label="2"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment3">
+                  <my:tile color="#0000ff" label="3"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+              </my:shuffle>
+            </tr>
+          </jsp:attribute>
+          <jsp:attribute name="fragment3">
+            <tr>
+              <my:shuffle>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment1">
+                  <my:tile color="#ff0000" label="!"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment2">
+                  <my:tile color="#00ff00" label="@"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+                <jsp:attribute name="fragment3">
+                  <my:tile color="#0000ff" label="#"/>
+                </jsp:attribute>
+              </my:shuffle>
+            </tr>
+          </jsp:attribute>
+        </my:shuffle>
+      </table>
+     </font>
+    </blockquote>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcb137d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Shuffle Example&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Shuffle Example&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>Try reloading the page a few times.  Both the rows and the columns
+    are shuffled and appear different each time.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;p>Here's how the code works.  The SimpleTag handler called
+    &amp;lt;my:shuffle&amp;gt; accepts three attributes.  Each attribute is a
+    JSP Fragment, meaning it is a fragment of JSP code that can be
+    dynamically executed by the shuffle tag handler on demand.  The
+    shuffle tag handler executes the three fragments in a random order.
+    To shuffle both the rows and the columns, the shuffle tag is used
+    with itself as a parameter.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;blockquote>
+     &lt;font color="#ffffff">
+      &lt;table>
+        &lt;my:shuffle>
+          &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment1">
+            &lt;tr>
+              &lt;my:shuffle>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment1">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#ff0000" label="A"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment2">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#00ff00" label="B"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment3">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#0000ff" label="C"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+              &lt;/my:shuffle>
+            &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+          &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment2">
+            &lt;tr>
+              &lt;my:shuffle>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment1">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#ff0000" label="1"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment2">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#00ff00" label="2"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment3">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#0000ff" label="3"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+              &lt;/my:shuffle>
+            &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+          &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment3">
+            &lt;tr>
+              &lt;my:shuffle>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment1">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#ff0000" label="!"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment2">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#00ff00" label="@"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+                &lt;jsp:attribute name="fragment3">
+                  &lt;my:tile color="#0000ff" label="#"/>
+                &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+              &lt;/my:shuffle>
+            &lt;/tr>
+          &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+        &lt;/my:shuffle>
+      &lt;/table>
+     &lt;/font>
+    &lt;/blockquote>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9df6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<p><a href="basic.jspx"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" alt="Execute" style="border: 0;"></a><a
+href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" alt="Return" style="border: 0;"></a></p>
+
+<h3><a href="basic.jspx.html">Source Code for XHTML Basic Example</a></h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc1e45f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page"
+      xmlns:fmt="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"
+      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <jsp:output doctype-root-element="html"
+              doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
+              doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd"/>
+  <jsp:directive.page contentType="application/xhtml+xml" />
+  <head>
+    <title>JSPX - XHTML Basic Example</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSPX - XHTML Basic Example</h1>
+    This example illustrates how to use JSPX to produce an XHTML basic
+    document suitable for use with mobile phones, televisions,
+    PDAs, vending machines, pagers, car navigation systems,
+    mobile game machines, digital book readers, smart watches, etc.
+    <p/>
+    JSPX lets you create dynamic documents in a pure XML syntax compatible
+    with existing XML tools.  The XML syntax in JSP 1.2 was awkward and
+    required &amp;lt;jsp:root&amp;gt; to be the root element of the document.
+    This is no longer the case in JSP 2.0.
+    <p/>
+    This particular example uses
+    namespace declarations to make the output of this page a valid XHTML
+    document.
+    <p/>
+    Just to prove this is live, here's some dynamic content:
+    <jsp:useBean id="now" class="java.util.Date" />
+    <fmt:formatDate value="${now}" pattern="MMMM d, yyyy, H:mm:ss"/>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b38336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx.html
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+&lt;!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+&lt;html xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page"
+      xmlns:fmt="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"
+      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  &lt;jsp:output doctype-root-element="html"
+              doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
+              doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd"/>
+  &lt;jsp:directive.page contentType="application/xhtml+xml" />
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSPX - XHTML Basic Example&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSPX - XHTML Basic Example&lt;/h1>
+    This example illustrates how to use JSPX to produce an XHTML basic
+    document suitable for use with mobile phones, televisions,
+    PDAs, vending machines, pagers, car navigation systems,
+    mobile game machines, digital book readers, smart watches, etc.
+    &lt;p/>
+    JSPX lets you create dynamic documents in a pure XML syntax compatible
+    with existing XML tools.  The XML syntax in JSP 1.2 was awkward and
+    required &amp;amp;lt;jsp:root&amp;amp;gt; to be the root element of the document.
+    This is no longer the case in JSP 2.0.
+    &lt;p/>
+    This particular example uses
+    namespace declarations to make the output of this page a valid XHTML
+    document.
+    &lt;p/>
+    Just to prove this is live, here's some dynamic content:
+    &lt;jsp:useBean id="now" class="java.util.Date" />
+    &lt;fmt:formatDate value="${now}" pattern="MMMM d, yyyy, H:mm:ss"/>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/svgexample.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/svgexample.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7d591a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/svgexample.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <title>JSP 2.0 SVG Example</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 SVG Example</h1>
+    This example uses JSP 2.0's new, simplified JSPX syntax to render a
+    Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) document.  When you view the source,
+    notice the lack of a &lt;jsp:root&gt; element!  The text to be rendered
+    can be modified by changing the value of the name parameter.
+    <p>
+    SVG has many potential uses, such as searchable images, or images
+    customized with the name of your site's visitor (e.g. a "Susan's Store"
+    tab image).  JSPX is a natural fit for generating dynamic XML content
+    such as SVG.
+    <p>
+    To execute this example you will need a browser with basic SVG support. Any
+    remotely recent browser should have this.
+    <ol>
+      <li>Use this URL:
+      <a href="textRotate.jspx?name=JSPX">textRotate.jspx?name=JSPX</a></li>
+      <li>Customize by changing the name=JSPX parameter</li>
+    </ol>
+    <p style="margin-top: 2em;">
+    The following is a screenshot of the resulting image, for those using a
+    browser without SVG support:<br>
+    <img src="textRotate.jpg" alt="[Screenshot image]" style="border: 1px solid #000;">
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b3befe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<p><a href="textRotate.jspx"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" alt="Execute" style="border: 0;"></a> <a
+href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" alt="Return" style="border: 0;"></a></p>
+
+<h3><a href="textRotate.jspx.html">Source Code for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
+Example</a></h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jpg b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e98736
Binary files /dev/null and b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jpg differ
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jspx b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jspx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c543887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jspx
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!--
+  - This example is based off the textRotate.svg example that comes
+  - with Apache Batik.  The original example was written by Bill Haneman.
+  - This version by Mark Roth.
+  -->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+     width="450" height="500" viewBox="0 0 450 500"
+     xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"
+     xmlns:fn="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"
+     xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page">
+  <jsp:directive.page contentType="image/svg+xml" />
+  <title>JSP 2.0 JSPX</title>
+  <!-- select name parameter, or default to JSPX -->
+  <c:set var="name" value='${empty fn:escapeXml(param["name"]) ? "JSPX" : fn:escapeXml(param["name"])}'/>
+  <g id="testContent">
+    <text class="title" x="50%" y="10%" font-size="15" text-anchor="middle" >
+            JSP 2.0 XML Syntax (.jspx) Demo</text>
+    <text class="title" x="50%" y="15%" font-size="15" text-anchor="middle" >
+            Try changing the name parameter!</text>
+    <g opacity="1.0" transform="translate(225, 250)" id="rotatedText">
+      <c:forEach var="i" begin="1" end="24">
+        <jsp:text>
+          <![CDATA[<g opacity="0.95" transform="scale(1.05) rotate(15)">]]>
+        </jsp:text>
+        <text x="0" y="0" transform="scale(1.6, 1.6)" fill="DarkSlateBlue"
+              text-anchor="middle" font-size="40" font-family="Serif"
+              id="words">${name}</text>
+      </c:forEach>
+      <c:forEach var="i" begin="1" end="24">
+        <jsp:text><![CDATA[</g>]]></jsp:text>
+      </c:forEach>
+      <text style="font-size:75;font-family:Serif;fill:white"
+            text-anchor="middle">${name}</text>
+    </g>
+  </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jspx.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jspx.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e6c820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jspx.html
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+&lt;!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+&lt;!--
+  - This example is based off the textRotate.svg example that comes
+  - with Apache Batik.  The original example was written by Bill Haneman.
+  - This version by Mark Roth.
+  -->
+&lt;svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+     width="450" height="500" viewBox="0 0 450 500"
+     xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"
+     xmlns:fn="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"
+     xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page">
+  &lt;jsp:directive.page contentType="image/svg+xml" />
+  &lt;title>JSP 2.0 JSPX&lt;/title>
+  &lt;!-- select name parameter, or default to JSPX -->
+  &lt;c:set var="name" value='${empty fn:escapeXml(param["name"]) ? "JSPX" : fn:escapeXml(param["name"])}'/>
+  &lt;g id="testContent">
+    &lt;text class="title" x="50%" y="10%" font-size="15" text-anchor="middle" >
+            JSP 2.0 XML Syntax (.jspx) Demo&lt;/text>
+    &lt;text class="title" x="50%" y="15%" font-size="15" text-anchor="middle" >
+            Try changing the name parameter!&lt;/text>
+    &lt;g opacity="1.0" transform="translate(225, 250)" id="rotatedText">
+      &lt;c:forEach var="i" begin="1" end="24">
+        &lt;jsp:text>
+          &lt;![CDATA[&lt;g opacity="0.95" transform="scale(1.05) rotate(15)">]]>
+        &lt;/jsp:text>
+        &lt;text x="0" y="0" transform="scale(1.6, 1.6)" fill="DarkSlateBlue"
+              text-anchor="middle" font-size="40" font-family="Serif"
+              id="words">${name}&lt;/text>
+      &lt;/c:forEach>
+      &lt;c:forEach var="i" begin="1" end="24">
+        &lt;jsp:text>&lt;![CDATA[&lt;/g>]]>&lt;/jsp:text>
+      &lt;/c:forEach>
+      &lt;text style="font-size:75;font-family:Serif;fill:white"
+            text-anchor="middle">${name}&lt;/text>
+    &lt;/g>
+  &lt;/g>
+&lt;/svg>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/EchoAttributesTag.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/EchoAttributesTag.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b05ea00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/EchoAttributesTag.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.DynamicAttributes;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that echoes all its attributes
+ */
+public class EchoAttributesTag
+    extends SimpleTagSupport
+    implements DynamicAttributes
+{
+    private final List&lt;String> keys = new ArrayList&lt;>();
+    private final List&lt;Object> values = new ArrayList&lt;>();
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        JspWriter out = getJspContext().getOut();
+        for( int i = 0; i &lt; keys.size(); i++ ) {
+            String key = keys.get( i );
+            Object value = values.get( i );
+            out.println( "&lt;li>" + key + " = " + value + "&lt;/li>" );
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setDynamicAttribute( String uri, String localName,
+        Object value )
+        throws JspException
+    {
+        keys.add( localName );
+        values.add( value );
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d767de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<hr>
+<center>
+This banner included with &lt;include-coda&gt;
+</center>
+<hr>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a82576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+&lt;hr>
+&lt;center>
+This banner included with &amp;lt;include-coda&amp;gt;
+&lt;/center>
+&lt;hr>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..707d68f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="config.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="config.jsp.html">Source Code for config.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="prelude.jspf.html">Source Code for prelude.jspf<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="coda.jspf.html">Source Code for coda.jspf<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0372889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - JSP Configuration</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>Using a &lt;jsp-property-group&gt; element in the web.xml
+    deployment descriptor, this JSP page has been configured in the
+    following ways:</p>
+    <ul>
+      <li>Uses &lt;include-prelude&gt; to include the top banner.</li>
+      <li>Uses &lt;include-coda&gt; to include the bottom banner.</li>
+      <li>Uses &lt;scripting-invalid&gt; true to disable
+          &lt;% scripting %&gt; elements</li>
+      <li>Uses &lt;el-ignored&gt; true to disable ${EL} elements</li>
+      <li>Uses &lt;page-encoding&gt; ISO-8859-1 to set the page encoding (though this is the default anyway)</li>
+    </ul>
+    There are various other configuration options that can be used.
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ce33ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - JSP Configuration&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>Using a &amp;lt;jsp-property-group&amp;gt; element in the web.xml
+    deployment descriptor, this JSP page has been configured in the
+    following ways:&lt;/p>
+    &lt;ul>
+      &lt;li>Uses &amp;lt;include-prelude&amp;gt; to include the top banner.&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Uses &amp;lt;include-coda&amp;gt; to include the bottom banner.&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Uses &amp;lt;scripting-invalid&amp;gt; true to disable
+          &amp;lt;% scripting %&amp;gt; elements&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Uses &amp;lt;el-ignored&amp;gt; true to disable ${EL} elements&lt;/li>
+      &lt;li>Uses &amp;lt;page-encoding&amp;gt; ISO-8859-1 to set the page encoding (though this is the default anyway)&lt;/li>
+    &lt;/ul>
+    There are various other configuration options that can be used.
+
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fa1bf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="dynamicattrs.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="dynamicattrs.jsp.html">Source Code for dynamicattrs.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="EchoAttributesTag.java.html">Source Code for EchoAttributesTag.java<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..251c49d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Dynamic Attributes</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Dynamic Attributes</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>This JSP page invokes a custom tag that accepts a dynamic set
+    of attributes.  The tag echoes the name and value of all attributes
+    passed to it.</p>
+    <hr>
+    <h2>Invocation 1 (six attributes)</h2>
+    <ul>
+      <my:echoAttributes x="1" y="2" z="3" r="red" g="green" b="blue"/>
+    </ul>
+    <h2>Invocation 2 (zero attributes)</h2>
+    <ul>
+      <my:echoAttributes/>
+    </ul>
+    <h2>Invocation 3 (three attributes)</h2>
+    <ul>
+      <my:echoAttributes dogName="Scruffy"
+                         catName="Fluffy"
+                         blowfishName="Puffy"/>
+    </ul>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f5ee18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/jsp2-example-taglib"%>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Dynamic Attributes&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Dynamic Attributes&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>This JSP page invokes a custom tag that accepts a dynamic set
+    of attributes.  The tag echoes the name and value of all attributes
+    passed to it.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;h2>Invocation 1 (six attributes)&lt;/h2>
+    &lt;ul>
+      &lt;my:echoAttributes x="1" y="2" z="3" r="red" g="green" b="blue"/>
+    &lt;/ul>
+    &lt;h2>Invocation 2 (zero attributes)&lt;/h2>
+    &lt;ul>
+      &lt;my:echoAttributes/>
+    &lt;/ul>
+    &lt;h2>Invocation 3 (three attributes)&lt;/h2>
+    &lt;ul>
+      &lt;my:echoAttributes dogName="Scruffy"
+                         catName="Fluffy"
+                         blowfishName="Puffy"/>
+    &lt;/ul>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05f7c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<hr>
+<center>
+This banner included with &lt;include-prelude&gt;
+</center>
+<hr>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b2bcd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+&lt;hr>
+&lt;center>
+This banner included with &amp;lt;include-prelude&amp;gt;
+&lt;/center>
+&lt;hr>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/BookBean.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/BookBean.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79cd27f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/BookBean.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples;
+
+public class BookBean {
+    private final String title;
+    private final String author;
+    private final String isbn;
+
+    public BookBean( String title, String author, String isbn ) {
+        this.title = title;
+        this.author = author;
+        this.isbn = isbn;
+    }
+
+    public String getTitle() {
+        return this.title;
+    }
+
+    public String getAuthor() {
+        return this.author;
+    }
+
+    public String getIsbn() {
+        return this.isbn;
+    }
+
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0742e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+import jsp2.examples.BookBean;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that pretends to search for a book, and stores
+ * the result in a scoped variable.
+ */
+public class FindBookSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    private String var;
+
+    private static final String BOOK_TITLE = "The Lord of the Rings";
+    private static final String BOOK_AUTHOR = "J. R. R. Tolkien";
+    private static final String BOOK_ISBN = "0618002251";
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException {
+        BookBean book = new BookBean( BOOK_TITLE, BOOK_AUTHOR, BOOK_ISBN );
+        getJspContext().setAttribute( this.var, book );
+    }
+
+    public void setVar( String var ) {
+        this.var = var;
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/Functions.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/Functions.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fec23b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/Functions.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.el;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+/**
+ * Defines the functions for the jsp2 example tag library.
+ *
+ * &lt;p>Each function is defined as a static method.&lt;/p>
+ */
+public class Functions {
+    public static String reverse( String text ) {
+        return new StringBuilder( text ).reverse().toString();
+    }
+
+    public static int numVowels( String text ) {
+        String vowels = "aeiouAEIOU";
+        int result = 0;
+        for( int i = 0; i &lt; text.length(); i++ ) {
+            if( vowels.indexOf( text.charAt( i ) ) != -1 ) {
+                result++;
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static String caps( String text ) {
+        return text.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88c02ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that prints "Hello, world!"
+ */
+public class HelloWorldSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        getJspContext().getOut().write( "Hello, world!" );
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa3ef95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package jsp2.examples.simpletag;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;
+
+/**
+ * SimpleTag handler that accepts a num attribute and
+ * invokes its body 'num' times.
+ */
+public class RepeatSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport {
+    private int num;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {
+        for (int i=0; i&lt;num; i++) {
+            getJspContext().setAttribute("count", String.valueOf( i + 1 ) );
+            getJspBody().invoke(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setNum(int num) {
+        this.num = num;
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2841acf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="book.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="book.jsp.html">Source Code for the Book Example JSP<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="FindBookSimpleTag.java.html">Source Code for the FindBook SimpleTag Handler<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="BookBean.java.html">Source Code for BookBean<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="Functions.java.html">Source Code for the EL Functions<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cce650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld" %>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Book SimpleTag Handler</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Book SimpleTag Handler</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>Illustrates a semi-realistic use of SimpleTag and the Expression
+    Language.  First, a &lt;my:findBook&gt; tag is invoked to populate
+    the page context with a BookBean.  Then, the books fields are printed
+    in all caps.</p>
+    <br>
+    <b><u>Result:</u></b><br>
+    <my:findBook var="book"/>
+    <table border="1">
+        <thead>
+        <td><b>Field</b></td>
+        <td><b>Value</b></td>
+        <td><b>Capitalized</b></td>
+    </thead>
+    <tr>
+        <td>Title</td>
+        <td>${book.title}</td>
+        <td>${my:caps(book.title)}</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td>Author</td>
+        <td>${book.author}</td>
+        <td>${my:caps(book.author)}</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td>ISBN</td>
+        <td>${book.isbn}</td>
+        <td>${my:caps(book.isbn)}</td>
+    </tr>
+    </table>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79b481c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="my" uri="/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld" %>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Book SimpleTag Handler&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Book SimpleTag Handler&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>Illustrates a semi-realistic use of SimpleTag and the Expression
+    Language.  First, a &amp;lt;my:findBook&amp;gt; tag is invoked to populate
+    the page context with a BookBean.  Then, the books fields are printed
+    in all caps.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;br>
+    &lt;b>&lt;u>Result:&lt;/u>&lt;/b>&lt;br>
+    &lt;my:findBook var="book"/>
+    &lt;table border="1">
+        &lt;thead>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>Field&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>Value&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>&lt;b>Capitalized&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+    &lt;/thead>
+    &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>Title&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${book.title}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${my:caps(book.title)}&lt;/td>
+    &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>Author&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${book.author}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${my:caps(book.author)}&lt;/td>
+    &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;tr>
+        &lt;td>ISBN&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${book.isbn}&lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>${my:caps(book.isbn)}&lt;/td>
+    &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;/table>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20cadf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="hello.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="hello.jsp.html">Source Code for the Hello World Tag Example JSP<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html">Source Code for the Hello World SimpleTag Handler<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..408c216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="mytag" uri="/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld" %>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World SimpleTag Handler</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World SimpleTag Handler</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>This tag handler simply echos "Hello, World!"  It's an example of
+    a very basic SimpleTag handler with no body.</p>
+    <br>
+    <b><u>Result:</u></b>
+    <mytag:helloWorld/>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..318b23b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="mytag" uri="/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld" %>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World SimpleTag Handler&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World SimpleTag Handler&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>This tag handler simply echos "Hello, World!"  It's an example of
+    a very basic SimpleTag handler with no body.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;br>
+    &lt;b>&lt;u>Result:&lt;/u>&lt;/b>
+    &lt;mytag:helloWorld/>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a56bfcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="repeat.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="repeat.jsp.html">Source Code for the Repeat Tag Example JSP<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="RepeatSimpleTag.java.html">Source Code for the Repeat SimpleTag Handler<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..234360f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="mytag" uri="/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld" %>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Repeat SimpleTag Handler</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Repeat SimpleTag Handler</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>This tag handler accepts a "num" parameter and repeats the body of the
+    tag "num" times.  It's a simple example, but the implementation of
+    such a tag in JSP 2.0 is substantially simpler than the equivalent
+    JSP 1.2-style classic tag handler.</p>
+    <p>The body of the tag is encapsulated in a "JSP Fragment" and passed
+    to the tag handler, which then executes it five times, inside a
+    for loop.  The tag handler passes in the current invocation in a
+    scoped variable called count, which can be accessed using the EL.</p>
+    <br>
+    <b><u>Result:</u></b><br>
+    <mytag:repeat num="5">
+      Invocation ${count} of 5<br>
+    </mytag:repeat>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e05017f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="mytag" uri="/WEB-INF/jsp/jsp2-example-taglib.tld" %>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Repeat SimpleTag Handler&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Repeat SimpleTag Handler&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>This tag handler accepts a "num" parameter and repeats the body of the
+    tag "num" times.  It's a simple example, but the implementation of
+    such a tag in JSP 2.0 is substantially simpler than the equivalent
+    JSP 1.2-style classic tag handler.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;p>The body of the tag is encapsulated in a "JSP Fragment" and passed
+    to the tag handler, which then executes it five times, inside a
+    for loop.  The tag handler passes in the current invocation in a
+    scoped variable called count, which can be accessed using the EL.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;br>
+    &lt;b>&lt;u>Result:&lt;/u>&lt;/b>&lt;br>
+    &lt;mytag:repeat num="5">
+      Invocation ${count} of 5&lt;br>
+    &lt;/mytag:repeat>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/displayProducts.tag.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/displayProducts.tag.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd488f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/displayProducts.tag.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
+&lt;%@ attribute name="normalPrice" fragment="true" %>
+&lt;%@ attribute name="onSale" fragment="true" %>
+&lt;%@ variable name-given="name" %>
+&lt;%@ variable name-given="price" %>
+&lt;%@ variable name-given="origPrice" %>
+&lt;%@ variable name-given="salePrice" %>
+
+&lt;table border="1">
+  &lt;tr>
+    &lt;td>
+      &lt;c:set var="name" value="Hand-held Color PDA"/>
+      &lt;c:set var="price" value="$298.86"/>
+      &lt;jsp:invoke fragment="normalPrice"/>
+    &lt;/td>
+    &lt;td>
+      &lt;c:set var="name" value="4-Pack 150 Watt Light Bulbs"/>
+      &lt;c:set var="origPrice" value="$2.98"/>
+      &lt;c:set var="salePrice" value="$2.32"/>
+      &lt;jsp:invoke fragment="onSale"/>
+    &lt;/td>
+    &lt;td>
+      &lt;c:set var="name" value="Digital Cellular Phone"/>
+      &lt;c:set var="price" value="$68.74"/>
+      &lt;jsp:invoke fragment="normalPrice"/>
+    &lt;/td>
+    &lt;td>
+      &lt;c:set var="name" value="Baby Grand Piano"/>
+      &lt;c:set var="price" value="$10,800.00"/>
+      &lt;jsp:invoke fragment="normalPrice"/>
+    &lt;/td>
+    &lt;td>
+      &lt;c:set var="name" value="Luxury Car w/ Leather Seats"/>
+      &lt;c:set var="origPrice" value="$23,980.00"/>
+      &lt;c:set var="salePrice" value="$21,070.00"/>
+      &lt;jsp:invoke fragment="onSale"/>
+    &lt;/td>
+  &lt;/tr>
+&lt;/table>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f29a379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="hello.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="hello.jsp.html">Source Code for hello.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="helloWorld.tag.html">Source Code for helloWorld.tag<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b260f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="tags" tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" %>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World Using a Tag File</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World Using a Tag File</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>This JSP page invokes a custom tag that simply echos "Hello, World!"
+    The custom tag is generated from a tag file in the /WEB-INF/tags
+    directory.</p>
+    <p>Notice that we did not need to write a TLD for this tag.  We just
+    created /WEB-INF/tags/helloWorld.tag, imported it using the taglib
+    directive, and used it!</p>
+    <br>
+    <b><u>Result:</u></b>
+    <tags:helloWorld/>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b431f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="tags" tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" %>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World Using a Tag File&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World Using a Tag File&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>This JSP page invokes a custom tag that simply echos "Hello, World!"
+    The custom tag is generated from a tag file in the /WEB-INF/tags
+    directory.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;p>Notice that we did not need to write a TLD for this tag.  We just
+    created /WEB-INF/tags/helloWorld.tag, imported it using the taglib
+    directive, and used it!&lt;/p>
+    &lt;br>
+    &lt;b>&lt;u>Result:&lt;/u>&lt;/b>
+    &lt;tags:helloWorld/>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/helloWorld.tag.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/helloWorld.tag.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f29726f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/helloWorld.tag.html
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+Hello, world!
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f03b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="panel.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="panel.jsp.html">Source Code for panel.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="panel.tag.html">Source Code for panel.tag<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d963877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="tags" tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" %>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Panels using Tag Files</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Panels using Tag Files</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>This JSP page invokes a custom tag that draws a
+    panel around the contents of the tag body.  Normally, such a tag
+    implementation would require a Java class with many println() statements,
+    outputting HTML.  Instead, we can use a .tag file as a template,
+    and we don't need to write a single line of Java or even a TLD!</p>
+    <hr>
+    <table border="0">
+      <tr valign="top">
+        <td>
+          <tags:panel color="#ff8080" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Panel 1">
+            First panel.<br/>
+          </tags:panel>
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          <tags:panel color="#80ff80" bgcolor="#c0ffc0" title="Panel 2">
+            Second panel.<br/>
+            Second panel.<br/>
+            Second panel.<br/>
+            Second panel.<br/>
+          </tags:panel>
+        </td>
+        <td>
+          <tags:panel color="#8080ff" bgcolor="#c0c0ff" title="Panel 3">
+            Third panel.<br/>
+            <tags:panel color="#ff80ff" bgcolor="#ffc0ff" title="Inner">
+              A panel in a panel.
+            </tags:panel>
+            Third panel.<br/>
+          </tags:panel>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..584393d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="tags" tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" %>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Panels using Tag Files&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Panels using Tag Files&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>This JSP page invokes a custom tag that draws a
+    panel around the contents of the tag body.  Normally, such a tag
+    implementation would require a Java class with many println() statements,
+    outputting HTML.  Instead, we can use a .tag file as a template,
+    and we don't need to write a single line of Java or even a TLD!&lt;/p>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;table border="0">
+      &lt;tr valign="top">
+        &lt;td>
+          &lt;tags:panel color="#ff8080" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Panel 1">
+            First panel.&lt;br/>
+          &lt;/tags:panel>
+        &lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>
+          &lt;tags:panel color="#80ff80" bgcolor="#c0ffc0" title="Panel 2">
+            Second panel.&lt;br/>
+            Second panel.&lt;br/>
+            Second panel.&lt;br/>
+            Second panel.&lt;br/>
+          &lt;/tags:panel>
+        &lt;/td>
+        &lt;td>
+          &lt;tags:panel color="#8080ff" bgcolor="#c0c0ff" title="Panel 3">
+            Third panel.&lt;br/>
+            &lt;tags:panel color="#ff80ff" bgcolor="#ffc0ff" title="Inner">
+              A panel in a panel.
+            &lt;/tags:panel>
+            Third panel.&lt;br/>
+          &lt;/tags:panel>
+        &lt;/td>
+      &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;/table>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.tag.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.tag.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aec91c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.tag.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+&lt;%@ attribute name="color" %>
+&lt;%@ attribute name="bgcolor" %>
+&lt;%@ attribute name="title" %>
+&lt;table border="1" bgcolor="${color}">
+  &lt;tr>
+    &lt;td>&lt;b>${title}&lt;/b>&lt;/td>
+  &lt;/tr>
+  &lt;tr>
+    &lt;td bgcolor="${bgcolor}">
+      &lt;jsp:doBody/>
+    &lt;/td>
+  &lt;/tr>
+&lt;/table>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ae49f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="products.jsp"><img src="../../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="products.jsp.html">Source Code for products.jsp<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+<h3><a href="displayProducts.tag.html">Source Code for displayProducts.tag<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f32ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ taglib prefix="tags" tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" %>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Display Products Tag File</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Display Products Tag File</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <p>This JSP page invokes a tag file that displays a listing of
+    products.  The custom tag accepts two fragments that enable
+    customization of appearance.  One for when the product is on sale
+    and one for normal price.</p>
+    <p>The tag is invoked twice, using different styles</p>
+    <hr>
+    <h2>Products</h2>
+    <tags:displayProducts>
+      <jsp:attribute name="normalPrice">
+        Item: ${name}<br/>
+        Price: ${price}
+      </jsp:attribute>
+      <jsp:attribute name="onSale">
+        Item: ${name}<br/>
+        <font color="red"><strike>Was: ${origPrice}</strike></font><br/>
+        <b>Now: ${salePrice}</b>
+      </jsp:attribute>
+    </tags:displayProducts>
+    <hr>
+    <h2>Products (Same tag, alternate style)</h2>
+    <tags:displayProducts>
+      <jsp:attribute name="normalPrice">
+        <b>${name}</b> @ ${price} ea.
+      </jsp:attribute>
+      <jsp:attribute name="onSale">
+        <b>${name}</b> @ ${salePrice} ea. (was: ${origPrice})
+      </jsp:attribute>
+    </tags:displayProducts>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d6fc10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ taglib prefix="tags" tagdir="/WEB-INF/tags" %>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Display Products Tag File&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Display Products Tag File&lt;/h1>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;p>This JSP page invokes a tag file that displays a listing of
+    products.  The custom tag accepts two fragments that enable
+    customization of appearance.  One for when the product is on sale
+    and one for normal price.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;p>The tag is invoked twice, using different styles&lt;/p>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;h2>Products&lt;/h2>
+    &lt;tags:displayProducts>
+      &lt;jsp:attribute name="normalPrice">
+        Item: ${name}&lt;br/>
+        Price: ${price}
+      &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+      &lt;jsp:attribute name="onSale">
+        Item: ${name}&lt;br/>
+        &lt;font color="red">&lt;strike>Was: ${origPrice}&lt;/strike>&lt;/font>&lt;br/>
+        &lt;b>Now: ${salePrice}&lt;/b>
+      &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+    &lt;/tags:displayProducts>
+    &lt;hr>
+    &lt;h2>Products (Same tag, alternate style)&lt;/h2>
+    &lt;tags:displayProducts>
+      &lt;jsp:attribute name="normalPrice">
+        &lt;b>${name}&lt;/b> @ ${price} ea.
+      &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+      &lt;jsp:attribute name="onSale">
+        &lt;b>${name}&lt;/b> @ ${salePrice} ea. (was: ${origPrice})
+      &lt;/jsp:attribute>
+    &lt;/tags:displayProducts>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/ServletToJsp.java.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/ServletToJsp.java.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..966c0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/ServletToJsp.java.html
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+public class ServletToJsp extends HttpServlet {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    @Override
+    public void doGet (HttpServletRequest request,
+            HttpServletResponse response) {
+
+       try {
+           // Set the attribute and Forward to hello.jsp
+           request.setAttribute ("servletName", "servletToJsp");
+           getServletConfig().getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(
+                   "/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp").forward(request, response);
+       } catch (Exception ex) {
+           ex.printStackTrace ();
+       }
+    }
+}
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b2a43f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+
+<h1>
+I have been invoked by
+<% out.print (request.getAttribute("servletName").toString()); %>
+Servlet.
+</h1>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ed7176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+
+&lt;h1>
+I have been invoked by
+&lt;% out.print (request.getAttribute("servletName").toString()); %>
+Servlet.
+&lt;/h1>
+
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db68a6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+
+<!-- Forward to a servlet -->
+<jsp:forward page="/servletToJsp" />
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5dc22c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+
+&lt;!-- Forward to a servlet -->
+&lt;jsp:forward page="/servletToJsp" />
+
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jts.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jts.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4e1679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jts.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8" />
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+img { border: 0; }
+</style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<p><a href="jsptoservlet.jsp"><img src="../images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a><br />
+<a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" alt=""> Return</a></p>
+
+<p style="font-size: 1.4em;"><a href="jsptoservlet.jsp.html">Source Code for JSP calling servlet</a></p>
+
+<p style="font-size: 1.4em;"><a href="ServletToJsp.java.html">Source Code for Servlet calling JSP</a></p>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c5a484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+
+  Number Guess Game
+  Written by Jason Hunter, CTO, K&A Software
+  http://www.servlets.com
+-->
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="numguess.jsp"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="numguess.jsp.html">Source Code for Numguess Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9c61b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+
+  Number Guess Game
+  Written by Jason Hunter, CTO, K&A Software
+  http://www.servlets.com
+--%>
+
+<%@ page import = "num.NumberGuessBean" %>
+
+<jsp:useBean id="numguess" class="num.NumberGuessBean" scope="session"/>
+<jsp:setProperty name="numguess" property="*"/>
+
+<html>
+<head><title>Number Guess</title></head>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+<font size=4>
+
+<% if (numguess.getSuccess()) { %>
+
+  Congratulations!  You got it.
+  And after just <%= numguess.getNumGuesses() %> tries.<p>
+
+  <% numguess.reset(); %>
+
+  Care to <a href="numguess.jsp">try again</a>?
+
+<% } else if (numguess.getNumGuesses() == 0) { %>
+
+  Welcome to the Number Guess game.<p>
+
+  I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100.<p>
+
+  <form method=get>
+  What's your guess? <input type=text name=guess>
+  <input type=submit value="Submit">
+  </form>
+
+<% } else { %>
+
+  Good guess, but nope.  Try <b><%= numguess.getHint() %></b>.
+
+  You have made <%= numguess.getNumGuesses() %> guesses.<p>
+
+  I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100.<p>
+
+  <form method=get>
+  What's your guess? <input type=text name=guess>
+  <input type=submit value="Submit">
+  </form>
+
+<% } %>
+
+</font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e764041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+
+  Number Guess Game
+  Written by Jason Hunter, CTO, K&amp;A Software
+  http://www.servlets.com
+--%>
+
+&lt;%@ page import = "num.NumberGuessBean" %>
+
+&lt;jsp:useBean id="numguess" class="num.NumberGuessBean" scope="session"/>
+&lt;jsp:setProperty name="numguess" property="*"/>
+
+&lt;html>
+&lt;head>&lt;title>Number Guess&lt;/title>&lt;/head>
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+&lt;font size=4>
+
+&lt;% if (numguess.getSuccess()) { %>
+
+  Congratulations!  You got it.
+  And after just &lt;%= numguess.getNumGuesses() %> tries.&lt;p>
+
+  &lt;% numguess.reset(); %>
+
+  Care to &lt;a href="numguess.jsp">try again&lt;/a>?
+
+&lt;% } else if (numguess.getNumGuesses() == 0) { %>
+
+  Welcome to the Number Guess game.&lt;p>
+
+  I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100.&lt;p>
+
+  &lt;form method=get>
+  What's your guess? &lt;input type=text name=guess>
+  &lt;input type=submit value="Submit">
+  &lt;/form>
+
+&lt;% } else { %>
+
+  Good guess, but nope.  Try &lt;b>&lt;%= numguess.getHint() %>&lt;/b>.
+
+  You have made &lt;%= numguess.getNumGuesses() %> guesses.&lt;p>
+
+  I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100.&lt;p>
+
+  &lt;form method=get>
+  What's your guess? &lt;input type=text name=guess>
+  &lt;input type=submit value="Submit">
+  &lt;/form>
+
+&lt;% } %>
+
+&lt;/font>
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29616af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Error Page For Examples</title>
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+Invalid user name and/or password, please try
+<a href='<%= response.encodeURL(application.getContextPath() + "/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp") %>'>again</a>.
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7e8b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;head>
+&lt;title>Error Page For Examples&lt;/title>
+&lt;/head>
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+Invalid user name and/or password, please try
+&lt;a href='&lt;%= response.encodeURL(application.getContextPath() + "/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp") %>'>again&lt;/a>.
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09c23e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page import="java.util.Enumeration" %>
+<%@ page import="java.security.Principal" %>
+<%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.TomcatPrincipal" %>
+<%
+  if (request.getParameter("logoff") != null) {
+    session.invalidate();
+    response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
+    return;
+  }
+%>
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Protected Page for Examples</title>
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+
+You are logged in as remote user
+<b><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteUser()) %></b>
+in session <b><%= session.getId() %></b><br><br>
+
+<%
+  if (request.getUserPrincipal() != null) {
+%>
+    Your user principal name is
+    <b><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getUserPrincipal().getName()) %></b>
+    <br><br>
+<%
+  } else {
+%>
+    No user principal could be identified.<br><br>
+<%
+  }
+%>
+
+<%
+  String role = request.getParameter("role");
+  if (role == null)
+    role = "";
+  if (role.length() > 0) {
+    if (request.isUserInRole(role)) {
+%>
+      You have been granted role
+      <b><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(role) %></b><br><br>
+<%
+    } else {
+%>
+      You have <i>not</i> been granted role
+      <b><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(role) %></b><br><br>
+<%
+    }
+  }
+%>
+
+To check whether your user name has been granted a particular role,
+enter it here:
+<form method="GET" action='<%= response.encodeURL("index.jsp") %>'>
+<input type="text" name="role" value="<%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(role) %>">
+<input type="submit" >
+</form>
+<br><br>
+
+<%
+  Principal p = request.getUserPrincipal();
+  if (!(p instanceof TomcatPrincipal)) {
+%>
+<p>The principal does not support attributes.</p>
+<%
+  } else {
+    TomcatPrincipal principal = (TomcatPrincipal) p;
+%>
+<p>The principal contains the following attributes:</p>
+<table>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Value</th><th>Type</th></tr>
+<%
+    Enumeration<String> names = principal.getAttributeNames();
+    while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
+      String name = names.nextElement();
+      Object value = principal.getAttribute(name);
+      String type = value != null ? value.getClass().getName() : "unknown";
+      if (value instanceof Object[]) {
+        Object[] values = (Object[]) value;
+        value = "";
+        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+          value += values[i] + "<br/>";
+        }
+        if (values.length > 0) {
+          type = values[0].getClass().getName() + "[]";
+        } else {
+          type = "unknown";
+        }
+      }
+      type = type.replaceFirst("^java\\.lang\\.", "");
+%>
+<tr>
+  <td><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(name) %></td>
+  <td><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(String.valueOf(value)) %></td>
+  <td><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(type) %></td>
+</tr>
+<%
+    }
+%>
+</table>
+<%
+  }
+%>
+<br><br>
+
+To add some data to the authenticated session, enter it here:
+<form method="GET" action='<%= response.encodeURL("index.jsp") %>'>
+<input type="text" name="dataName">
+<input type="text" name="dataValue">
+<input type="submit" >
+</form>
+<br><br>
+
+<%
+  String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");
+  if (dataName != null) {
+    session.setAttribute(dataName, request.getParameter("dataValue"));
+  }
+%>
+<p>The authenticated session contains the following attributes:</p>
+<table>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Value</th></tr>
+<%
+  Enumeration<String> names = session.getAttributeNames();
+  while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
+    String name = names.nextElement();
+%>
+<tr>
+  <td><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(name) %></td>
+  <td><%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(String.valueOf(session.getAttribute(name))) %></td>
+</tr>
+<%
+  }
+%>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+
+If you have configured this application for form-based authentication, you can
+log off by clicking
+<a href='<%= response.encodeURL("index.jsp?logoff=true") %>'>here</a>.
+This should cause you to be returned to the login page after the redirect
+that is performed.
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1df41d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;%@ page import="java.util.Enumeration" %>
+&lt;%@ page import="java.security.Principal" %>
+&lt;%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.TomcatPrincipal" %>
+&lt;%
+  if (request.getParameter("logoff") != null) {
+    session.invalidate();
+    response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
+    return;
+  }
+%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;head>
+&lt;title>Protected Page for Examples&lt;/title>
+&lt;/head>
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+
+You are logged in as remote user
+&lt;b>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteUser()) %>&lt;/b>
+in session &lt;b>&lt;%= session.getId() %>&lt;/b>&lt;br>&lt;br>
+
+&lt;%
+  if (request.getUserPrincipal() != null) {
+%>
+    Your user principal name is
+    &lt;b>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getUserPrincipal().getName()) %>&lt;/b>
+    &lt;br>&lt;br>
+&lt;%
+  } else {
+%>
+    No user principal could be identified.&lt;br>&lt;br>
+&lt;%
+  }
+%>
+
+&lt;%
+  String role = request.getParameter("role");
+  if (role == null)
+    role = "";
+  if (role.length() > 0) {
+    if (request.isUserInRole(role)) {
+%>
+      You have been granted role
+      &lt;b>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(role) %>&lt;/b>&lt;br>&lt;br>
+&lt;%
+    } else {
+%>
+      You have &lt;i>not&lt;/i> been granted role
+      &lt;b>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(role) %>&lt;/b>&lt;br>&lt;br>
+&lt;%
+    }
+  }
+%>
+
+To check whether your user name has been granted a particular role,
+enter it here:
+&lt;form method="GET" action='&lt;%= response.encodeURL("index.jsp") %>'>
+&lt;input type="text" name="role" value="&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(role) %>">
+&lt;input type="submit" >
+&lt;/form>
+&lt;br>&lt;br>
+
+&lt;%
+  Principal p = request.getUserPrincipal();
+  if (!(p instanceof TomcatPrincipal)) {
+%>
+&lt;p>The principal does not support attributes.&lt;/p>
+&lt;%
+  } else {
+    TomcatPrincipal principal = (TomcatPrincipal) p;
+%>
+&lt;p>The principal contains the following attributes:&lt;/p>
+&lt;table>
+&lt;tr>&lt;th>Name&lt;/th>&lt;th>Value&lt;/th>&lt;th>Type&lt;/th>&lt;/tr>
+&lt;%
+    Enumeration&lt;String> names = principal.getAttributeNames();
+    while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
+      String name = names.nextElement();
+      Object value = principal.getAttribute(name);
+      String type = value != null ? value.getClass().getName() : "unknown";
+      if (value instanceof Object[]) {
+        Object[] values = (Object[]) value;
+        value = "";
+        for (int i = 0; i &lt; values.length; i++) {
+          value += values[i] + "&lt;br/>";
+        }
+        if (values.length > 0) {
+          type = values[0].getClass().getName() + "[]";
+        } else {
+          type = "unknown";
+        }
+      }
+      type = type.replaceFirst("^java\\.lang\\.", "");
+%>
+&lt;tr>
+  &lt;td>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(name) %>&lt;/td>
+  &lt;td>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(String.valueOf(value)) %>&lt;/td>
+  &lt;td>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(type) %>&lt;/td>
+&lt;/tr>
+&lt;%
+    }
+%>
+&lt;/table>
+&lt;%
+  }
+%>
+&lt;br>&lt;br>
+
+To add some data to the authenticated session, enter it here:
+&lt;form method="GET" action='&lt;%= response.encodeURL("index.jsp") %>'>
+&lt;input type="text" name="dataName">
+&lt;input type="text" name="dataValue">
+&lt;input type="submit" >
+&lt;/form>
+&lt;br>&lt;br>
+
+&lt;%
+  String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");
+  if (dataName != null) {
+    session.setAttribute(dataName, request.getParameter("dataValue"));
+  }
+%>
+&lt;p>The authenticated session contains the following attributes:&lt;/p>
+&lt;table>
+&lt;tr>&lt;th>Name&lt;/th>&lt;th>Value&lt;/th>&lt;/tr>
+&lt;%
+  Enumeration&lt;String> names = session.getAttributeNames();
+  while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
+    String name = names.nextElement();
+%>
+&lt;tr>
+  &lt;td>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(name) %>&lt;/td>
+  &lt;td>&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(String.valueOf(session.getAttribute(name))) %>&lt;/td>
+&lt;/tr>
+&lt;%
+  }
+%>
+&lt;/table>
+&lt;br>&lt;br>
+
+If you have configured this application for form-based authentication, you can
+log off by clicking
+&lt;a href='&lt;%= response.encodeURL("index.jsp?logoff=true") %>'>here&lt;/a>.
+This should cause you to be returned to the login page after the redirect
+that is performed.
+
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e11a898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Login Page for Examples</title>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+<form method="POST" action='<%= response.encodeURL("j_security_check") %>' >
+  <table border="0" cellspacing="5">
+    <tr>
+      <th align="right">Username:</th>
+      <td align="left"><input type="text" name="j_username"></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <th align="right">Password:</th>
+      <td align="left"><input type="password" name="j_password"></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td align="right"><input type="submit" value="Log In"></td>
+      <td align="left"><input type="reset"></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+</form>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5726e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;head>
+&lt;title>Login Page for Examples&lt;/title>
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+&lt;form method="POST" action='&lt;%= response.encodeURL("j_security_check") %>' >
+  &lt;table border="0" cellspacing="5">
+    &lt;tr>
+      &lt;th align="right">Username:&lt;/th>
+      &lt;td align="left">&lt;input type="text" name="j_username">&lt;/td>
+    &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;tr>
+      &lt;th align="right">Password:&lt;/th>
+      &lt;td align="left">&lt;input type="password" name="j_password">&lt;/td>
+    &lt;/tr>
+    &lt;tr>
+      &lt;td align="right">&lt;input type="submit" value="Log In">&lt;/td>
+      &lt;td align="left">&lt;input type="reset">&lt;/td>
+    &lt;/tr>
+  &lt;/table>
+&lt;/form>
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/DummyCart.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/DummyCart.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d953fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/DummyCart.html
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<HEAD>
+<title>
+sessions.DummyCart Bean Properties
+</title>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
+<H2>
+sessions.DummyCart Bean Properties
+</H2>
+<HR>
+<DL>
+<DT>public class <B>DummyCart</B><DT>extends Object</DL>
+
+<P>
+<HR>
+
+<P>
+
+<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="3" CELLSPACING="0">
+<TR BGCOLOR="#EEEEFF">
+<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE="+2">
+<B>Properties Summary</B></FONT></TD>
+</TR>
+<TR BGCOLOR="white">
+<td align="right" valign="top" width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+String
+</FONT></TD>
+<TD><B>DummyCart:items</B>
+<BR>
+       </TD>
+<td width="1%">
+<FONT SIZE="-1">
+Multi
+</FONT></TD>
+</TABLE>
+<HR>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..834ee0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+    <title>carts</title>
+</head>
+
+ <body bgcolor="white">
+<font size = 5 color="#CC0000">
+
+<form type=POST action=carts.jsp>
+<BR>
+Please enter item to add or remove:
+<br>
+Add Item:
+
+<SELECT NAME="item">
+<OPTION>Beavis & Butt-head Video collection
+<OPTION>X-files movie
+<OPTION>Twin peaks tapes
+<OPTION>NIN CD
+<OPTION>JSP Book
+<OPTION>Concert tickets
+<OPTION>Love life
+<OPTION>Switch blade
+<OPTION>Rex, Rugs & Rock n' Roll
+</SELECT>
+
+
+<br> <br>
+<INPUT TYPE=submit name="submit" value="add">
+<INPUT TYPE=submit name="submit" value="remove">
+
+</form>
+
+</FONT>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc51495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<jsp:useBean id="cart" scope="session" class="sessions.DummyCart" />
+
+<jsp:setProperty name="cart" property="*" />
+<%
+    cart.processRequest();
+%>
+
+
+<FONT size = 5 COLOR="#CC0000">
+<br> You have the following items in your cart:
+<ol>
+<%
+    String[] items = cart.getItems();
+    for (String item : items) {
+%>
+<li> <% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(item)); %>
+<%
+    }
+%>
+</ol>
+
+</FONT>
+
+<hr>
+<%@ include file ="carts.html" %>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8acde4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;jsp:useBean id="cart" scope="session" class="sessions.DummyCart" />
+
+&lt;jsp:setProperty name="cart" property="*" />
+&lt;%
+    cart.processRequest();
+%>
+
+
+&lt;FONT size = 5 COLOR="#CC0000">
+&lt;br> You have the following items in your cart:
+&lt;ol>
+&lt;%
+    String[] items = cart.getItems();
+    for (String item : items) {
+%>
+&lt;li> &lt;% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(item)); %>
+&lt;%
+    }
+%>
+&lt;/ol>
+
+&lt;/FONT>
+
+&lt;hr>
+&lt;%@ include file ="carts.html" %>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/crt.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/crt.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11e6eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/crt.html
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="carts.html"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="carts.jsp.html">Source Code for Cart Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+<h3><a href="DummyCart.html">Property Sheet for DummyCart
+<font color="#0000FF"></a> </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e20f840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.html
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="foo.jsp"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="foo.jsp.html">Source Code for the Simple Tag Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2489146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<body>
+<%@ taglib uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib" prefix="eg"%>
+
+Radio stations that rock:
+
+<ul>
+<eg:foo att1="98.5" att2="92.3" att3="107.7">
+<li><%= member %></li>
+</eg:foo>
+</ul>
+
+<eg:log>
+Did you see me on the stderr window?
+</eg:log>
+
+<eg:log toBrowser="true">
+Did you see me on the browser window as well?
+</eg:log>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02693c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;body>
+&lt;%@ taglib uri="http://tomcat.apache.org/example-taglib" prefix="eg"%>
+
+Radio stations that rock:
+
+&lt;ul>
+&lt;eg:foo att1="98.5" att2="92.3" att3="107.7">
+&lt;li>&lt;%= member %>&lt;/li>
+&lt;/eg:foo>
+&lt;/ul>
+
+&lt;eg:log>
+Did you see me on the stderr window?
+&lt;/eg:log>
+
+&lt;eg:log toBrowser="true">
+Did you see me on the browser window as well?
+&lt;/eg:log>
+
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e48355b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="snoop.jsp"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="snoop.jsp.html">Source Code for Request Parameters Example<font color="#0000FF">
+  </font></a></h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bb57a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+<h1> Request Information </h1>
+<font size="4">
+JSP Request Method: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getMethod()) %>
+<br>
+Request URI: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRequestURI()) %>
+<br>
+Request Protocol: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getProtocol()) %>
+<br>
+Servlet path: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getServletPath()) %>
+<br>
+Path info: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getPathInfo()) %>
+<br>
+Query string: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getQueryString()) %>
+<br>
+Content length: <%= request.getContentLength() %>
+<br>
+Content type: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getContentType()) %>
+<br>
+Server name: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getServerName()) %>
+<br>
+Server port: <%= request.getServerPort() %>
+<br>
+Remote user: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteUser()) %>
+<br>
+Remote address: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteAddr()) %>
+<br>
+Remote host: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteHost()) %>
+<br>
+Authorization scheme: <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getAuthType()) %>
+<br>
+Locale: <%= request.getLocale() %>
+<hr>
+The browser you are using is
+<%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getHeader("User-Agent")) %>
+<hr>
+</font>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00bf89b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+&lt;body bgcolor="white">
+&lt;h1> Request Information &lt;/h1>
+&lt;font size="4">
+JSP Request Method: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getMethod()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Request URI: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRequestURI()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Request Protocol: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getProtocol()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Servlet path: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getServletPath()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Path info: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getPathInfo()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Query string: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getQueryString()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Content length: &lt;%= request.getContentLength() %>
+&lt;br>
+Content type: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getContentType()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Server name: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getServerName()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Server port: &lt;%= request.getServerPort() %>
+&lt;br>
+Remote user: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteUser()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Remote address: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteAddr()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Remote host: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getRemoteHost()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Authorization scheme: &lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getAuthType()) %>
+&lt;br>
+Locale: &lt;%= request.getLocale() %>
+&lt;hr>
+The browser you are using is
+&lt;%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(request.getHeader("User-Agent")) %>
+&lt;hr>
+&lt;/font>
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afe90b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF">
+  <a href="choose.jsp">
+    <img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+  <a href="../index.html">
+    <img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0">
+  </a></font>
+</p>
+
+<h3>
+  <a href="choose.jsp.html">Source Code for choose.jsp<font color="#0000FF"/></a>
+</h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..745e5f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Tag Examples - choose</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Tag Plugin Examples - &lt;c:choose></h1>
+
+    <hr/>
+    <br/>
+    <a href="notes.html">Plugin Introductory Notes</a>
+    <br/>
+    <a href="howto.html">Brief Instructions for Writing Plugins</a>
+    <br/> <br/>
+    <hr/>
+
+    <br/>
+
+    <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
+
+    <c:forEach var="index" begin="0" end="4">
+      # ${index}:
+      <c:choose>
+        <c:when test="${index == 1}">
+          One!<br/>
+        </c:when>
+        <c:when test="${index == 4}">
+          Four!<br/>
+        </c:when>
+        <c:when test="${index == 3}">
+          Three!<br/>
+        </c:when>
+        <c:otherwise>
+          Huh?<br/>
+        </c:otherwise>
+      </c:choose>
+    </c:forEach>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f3b7e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>Tag Examples - choose&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>Tag Plugin Examples - &amp;lt;c:choose>&lt;/h1>
+
+    &lt;hr/>
+    &lt;br/>
+    &lt;a href="notes.html">Plugin Introductory Notes&lt;/a>
+    &lt;br/>
+    &lt;a href="howto.html">Brief Instructions for Writing Plugins&lt;/a>
+    &lt;br/> &lt;br/>
+    &lt;hr/>
+
+    &lt;br/>
+
+    &lt;%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
+
+    &lt;c:forEach var="index" begin="0" end="4">
+      # ${index}:
+      &lt;c:choose>
+        &lt;c:when test="${index == 1}">
+          One!&lt;br/>
+        &lt;/c:when>
+        &lt;c:when test="${index == 4}">
+          Four!&lt;br/>
+        &lt;/c:when>
+        &lt;c:when test="${index == 3}">
+          Three!&lt;br/>
+        &lt;/c:when>
+        &lt;c:otherwise>
+          Huh?&lt;br/>
+        &lt;/c:otherwise>
+      &lt;/c:choose>
+    &lt;/c:forEach>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d2e608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF">
+  <a href="foreach.jsp">
+    <img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+  <a href="../index.html">
+    <img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0">
+  </a></font>
+</p>
+
+<h3>
+  <a href="foreach.jsp.html">Source Code for foreach.jsp<font color="#0000FF"/></a>
+</h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4803506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Tag Plugin Examples: forEach</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Tag Plugin Examples - &lt;c:forEach></h1>
+
+    <hr/>
+    <br/>
+    <a href="notes.html">Plugin Introductory Notes</a>
+    <br/>
+    <a href="howto.html">Brief Instructions for Writing Plugins</a>
+    <br/> <br/>
+    <hr/>
+
+    <br/>
+
+    <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
+    <%@ page import="java.util.Vector" %>
+
+    <h3>Iterating over a range</h3>
+    <c:forEach var="item" begin="1" end="10">
+        ${item}
+    </c:forEach>
+
+    <% Vector<String> v = new Vector<>();
+        v.add("One"); v.add("Two"); v.add("Three"); v.add("Four");
+
+        pageContext.setAttribute("vector", v);
+    %>
+
+    <h3>Iterating over a Vector</h3>
+
+    <c:forEach items="${vector}" var="item" >
+        ${item}
+    </c:forEach>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d229d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>Tag Plugin Examples: forEach&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>Tag Plugin Examples - &amp;lt;c:forEach>&lt;/h1>
+
+    &lt;hr/>
+    &lt;br/>
+    &lt;a href="notes.html">Plugin Introductory Notes&lt;/a>
+    &lt;br/>
+    &lt;a href="howto.html">Brief Instructions for Writing Plugins&lt;/a>
+    &lt;br/> &lt;br/>
+    &lt;hr/>
+
+    &lt;br/>
+
+    &lt;%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
+    &lt;%@ page import="java.util.Vector" %>
+
+    &lt;h3>Iterating over a range&lt;/h3>
+    &lt;c:forEach var="item" begin="1" end="10">
+        ${item}
+    &lt;/c:forEach>
+
+    &lt;% Vector&lt;String> v = new Vector&lt;>();
+        v.add("One"); v.add("Two"); v.add("Three"); v.add("Four");
+
+        pageContext.setAttribute("vector", v);
+    %>
+
+    &lt;h3>Iterating over a Vector&lt;/h3>
+
+    &lt;c:forEach items="${vector}" var="item" >
+        ${item}
+    &lt;/c:forEach>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/howto.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/howto.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1d223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/howto.html
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Tag Plugin Implementation</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h2>How to write tag plugins</h2>
+    <p>
+      To write a plugin, you'll need to download the source for Tomcat.
+      There are two steps:
+    <ol>
+      <li>
+        Implement the plugin class.<p/>
+        This class, which implements
+        <tt>org.apache.jasper.compiler.tagplugin.TagPlugin</tt>
+        instructs Jasper what Java codes to generate in place of the tag
+        handler calls.
+        See Javadoc for <tt>org.apache.jasper.compiler.tagplugin.TagPlugin</tt>
+        for details.
+      </li>
+
+      <li>
+        Create the plugin descriptor file <tt> WEB-INF/tagPlugins.xml</tt><p/>
+        This file
+        specifies the plugin classes and their corresponding tag handler
+        classes.
+      </li>
+    </ol>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b04ac59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>View Source Code</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF">
+  <a href="if.jsp">
+    <img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a>
+  <a href="../index.html">
+    <img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0">
+  </a></font>
+</p>
+
+<h3>
+  <a href="if.jsp.html">Source Code for if.jsp<font color="#0000FF"/></a>
+</h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af627bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Tag Plugin Examples: if</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Tag Plugin Examples - &lt;c:if></h1>
+
+    <hr/>
+    <br/>
+    <a href="notes.html">Plugin Introductory Notes</a>
+    <br/>
+    <a href="howto.html">Brief Instructions for Writing Plugins</a>
+    <br/> <br/>
+    <hr/>
+
+    <br/>
+    <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
+
+    <h3>Set the test result to a variable</h3>
+    <c:if test="${1==1}" var="theTruth" scope="page"/>
+    The result of testing for (1==1) is: ${theTruth}
+
+    <h3>Conditionally execute the body</h3>
+    <c:if test="${2>0}">
+        <p>It's true that (2>0)! Working.</p>
+    </c:if>
+    <c:if test="${0>2}">
+        <p>It's not true that (0>2)! Failed.</p>
+    </c:if>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee126c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+&lt;html>
+  &lt;head>
+    &lt;title>Tag Plugin Examples: if&lt;/title>
+  &lt;/head>
+  &lt;body>
+    &lt;h1>Tag Plugin Examples - &amp;lt;c:if>&lt;/h1>
+
+    &lt;hr/>
+    &lt;br/>
+    &lt;a href="notes.html">Plugin Introductory Notes&lt;/a>
+    &lt;br/>
+    &lt;a href="howto.html">Brief Instructions for Writing Plugins&lt;/a>
+    &lt;br/> &lt;br/>
+    &lt;hr/>
+
+    &lt;br/>
+    &lt;%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
+
+    &lt;h3>Set the test result to a variable&lt;/h3>
+    &lt;c:if test="${1==1}" var="theTruth" scope="page"/>
+    The result of testing for (1==1) is: ${theTruth}
+
+    &lt;h3>Conditionally execute the body&lt;/h3>
+    &lt;c:if test="${2>0}">
+        &lt;p>It's true that (2>0)! Working.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;/c:if>
+    &lt;c:if test="${0>2}">
+        &lt;p>It's not true that (0>2)! Failed.&lt;/p>
+    &lt;/c:if>
+  &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/notes.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/notes.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd326fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/notes.html
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Tag Plugin Introduction</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h2>Tag Plugins: Introductory Notes</h2>
+    <p>
+      Tomcat provides a framework for implementing tag plugins.  The
+      plugins instruct Jasper, at translation time, to replace tag handler
+      calls with Java scriptlets.
+      The framework allows tag library authors to implement plugins for
+      their tags.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Tomcat is released with plugins for several JSTL tags.  Note
+      that these plugins work with JSTL 1.1 as well as JSTL 1.0, though
+      the examples uses JSTL 1.1 and JSP 2.0.
+      These plugins are not complete (for instance, some item types are not
+      handled in &lt;c:if>).
+      They do serve as examples to show plugins in action (just
+      examine the generated Java files), and how they can be implemented.
+    </p>
+  </body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0012142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<html>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="xml.jsp"><img src="../images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+
+<h3><a href="xml.jsp.html">Source Code for XML syntax Example<font color="#0000FF"></a>
+  </font> </h3>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..840b21f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<jsp:root xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page"
+  version="1.2">
+<jsp:directive.page contentType="text/html"/>
+<jsp:directive.page import="java.util.Date, java.util.Locale"/>
+<jsp:directive.page import="java.text.*"/>
+
+<jsp:declaration>
+  String getDateTimeStr(Locale l) {
+    DateFormat df = SimpleDateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.MEDIUM, l);
+    return df.format(new Date());
+  }
+</jsp:declaration>
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>Example JSP in XML format</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+This is the output of a simple JSP using XML format.
+<br />
+
+<div>Use a jsp:scriptlet to loop from 1 to 10: </div>
+<jsp:scriptlet>
+// Note we need to declare CDATA because we don't escape the less than symbol
+<![CDATA[
+  for (int i = 1; i<=10; i++) {
+    out.println(i);
+    if (i < 10) {
+      out.println(", ");
+    }
+  }
+]]>
+</jsp:scriptlet>
+
+<!-- Because I omit br's end tag, declare it as CDATA -->
+<![CDATA[
+  <br><br>
+]]>
+
+<div align="left">
+  Use a jsp:expression to write the date and time in the browser's locale:
+  <jsp:expression>getDateTimeStr(request.getLocale())</jsp:expression>
+</div>
+
+
+<jsp:text>
+  &lt;p&gt;This sentence is enclosed in a jsp:text element.&lt;/p&gt;
+</jsp:text>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+</jsp:root>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.jsp.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.jsp.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b146a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.jsp.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><title>Source Code</title></head><body><pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+&lt;!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+&lt;jsp:root xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page"
+  version="1.2">
+&lt;jsp:directive.page contentType="text/html"/>
+&lt;jsp:directive.page import="java.util.Date, java.util.Locale"/>
+&lt;jsp:directive.page import="java.text.*"/>
+
+&lt;jsp:declaration>
+  String getDateTimeStr(Locale l) {
+    DateFormat df = SimpleDateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.MEDIUM, l);
+    return df.format(new Date());
+  }
+&lt;/jsp:declaration>
+
+&lt;html>
+&lt;head>
+  &lt;title>Example JSP in XML format&lt;/title>
+&lt;/head>
+
+&lt;body>
+This is the output of a simple JSP using XML format.
+&lt;br />
+
+&lt;div>Use a jsp:scriptlet to loop from 1 to 10: &lt;/div>
+&lt;jsp:scriptlet>
+// Note we need to declare CDATA because we don't escape the less than symbol
+&lt;![CDATA[
+  for (int i = 1; i&lt;=10; i++) {
+    out.println(i);
+    if (i &lt; 10) {
+      out.println(", ");
+    }
+  }
+]]>
+&lt;/jsp:scriptlet>
+
+&lt;!-- Because I omit br's end tag, declare it as CDATA -->
+&lt;![CDATA[
+  &lt;br>&lt;br>
+]]>
+
+&lt;div align="left">
+  Use a jsp:expression to write the date and time in the browser's locale:
+  &lt;jsp:expression>getDateTimeStr(request.getLocale())&lt;/jsp:expression>
+&lt;/div>
+
+
+&lt;jsp:text>
+  &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This sentence is enclosed in a jsp:text element.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
+&lt;/jsp:text>
+
+&lt;/body>
+&lt;/html>
+&lt;/jsp:root>
+</pre></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/cookies.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/cookies.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bacee44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/cookies.html
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="servlet/CookieExample"><img src="images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+<h3>Source Code for Cookie Example<font color="#0000FF"><br>
+  </font> </h3>
+<font color="#0000FF"></font>
+<pre><font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.io.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.http.*;
+
+<font color="#0000FF">public class</font> CookieExample <font color="#0000FF">extends</font> HttpServlet {
+
+    <font color="#0000FF">public void</font> doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+    <font color="#0000FF">throws</font> IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        response.setContentType(&quot;<font color="#009900">text/html</font>&quot;);
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+
+        <font color="#CC0000">// print out cookies</font>
+
+        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
+        for (int i = 0; i &lt; cookies.length; i++) {
+            Cookie c = cookies[i];
+            String name = c.getName();
+            String value = c.getValue();
+            out.println(name + &quot;<font color="#009900"> = </font>&quot; + value);
+        }
+
+        <font color="#CC0000">// set a cookie</font>
+
+        String name = request.getParameter(&quot;<font color="#009900">cookieName</font>&quot;);
+        if (name != null &amp;&amp; name.length() &gt; 0) {
+            String value = request.getParameter(&quot;<font color="#009900">cookieValue</font>&quot;);
+            Cookie c = new Cookie(name, value);
+            response.addCookie(c);
+        }
+    }
+}</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/helloworld.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/helloworld.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c223446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/helloworld.html
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="servlet/HelloWorldExample"><img src="images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+<h3>Source Code for HelloWorld Example<font color="#0000FF"><br>
+  </font> </h3>
+<font color="#0000FF"></font>
+<pre><font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.io.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.http.*;
+
+<font color="#0000FF">public class</font> HelloWorld <font color="#0000FF">extends</font> HttpServlet {
+
+    <font color="#0000FF">public void</font> doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+    <font color="#0000FF">throws</font> IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        response.setContentType(&quot;<font color="#009900">text/html</font>&quot;);
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;html&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;head&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;title&gt;Hello World!&lt;/title&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/head&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;body&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;h1&gt;Hello World!&lt;/h1&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/body&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/html&gt;</font>&quot;);
+    }
+}</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/images/code.gif b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/images/code.gif
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/images/return.gif b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/images/return.gif
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diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/index.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d07a277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en">
+<head>
+   <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+   <meta name="Author" content="Anil K. Vijendran" />
+   <title>Servlet Examples</title>
+   <style type="text/css">
+   img { border: 0; }
+   th { text-align: left; }
+   tr { vertical-align: top; }
+   </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>Servlet
+Examples with Code</h1>
+<p>This is a collection of examples which demonstrate some of the more
+frequently used parts of the Servlet API. Familiarity with the Java(tm)
+Programming Language is assumed.
+<p>These examples will only work when viewed via an http URL. They will
+not work if you are viewing these pages via a "file://..." URL. Please
+refer to the <i>README</i> file provide with this Tomcat release regarding
+how to configure and start the provided web server.
+<p>Wherever you see a form, enter some data and see how the servlet reacts.
+When playing with the Cookie and Session Examples, jump back to the Headers
+Example to see exactly what your browser is sending the server.
+<p>To navigate your way through the examples, the following icons will
+help:</p>
+<ul style="list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0;">
+<li><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute the example</li>
+<li><img src="images/code.gif" alt=""> Look at the source code for the example</li>
+<li><img src="images/return.gif" alt=""> Return to this screen</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Tip: To see the cookie interactions with your browser, try turning on
+the "notify when setting a cookie" option in your browser preferences.
+This will let you see when a session is created and give some feedback
+when looking at the cookie demo.</p>
+<table style="width: 85%;" >
+<tr>
+<td>Hello World</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="servlet/HelloWorldExample"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="servlet/HelloWorldExample">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="helloworld.html"><img SRC="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="helloworld.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Request Info</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="servlet/RequestInfoExample"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="servlet/RequestInfoExample">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="reqinfo.html"><img SRC="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="reqinfo.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Request Headers</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="servlet/RequestHeaderExample"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="servlet/RequestHeaderExample">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="reqheaders.html"><img SRC="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="reqheaders.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Request Parameters</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="servlet/RequestParamExample"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="servlet/RequestParamExample">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="reqparams.html"><img SRC="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="reqparams.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Cookies</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="servlet/CookieExample"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="servlet/CookieExample">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="cookies.html"><img SRC="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="cookies.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>Sessions</td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="servlet/SessionExample"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""></a><a href="servlet/SessionExample">Execute</a></td>
+
+<td style="width: 30%;"><a href="sessions.html"><img SRC="images/code.gif" alt=""></a><a href="sessions.html">Source</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Note: The source code for these examples does not contain all of the
+source code that is actually in the example, only the important sections
+of code. Code not important to understand the example has been removed
+for clarity.</p>
+
+<h2>Other Examples</h2>
+<table style="width: 85%;" >
+
+<tr>
+  <th colspan="3">Servlet 3.0 Asynchronous processing examples:</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>async0</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="../async/async0"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>async1</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="../async/async1"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>async2</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="../async/async2"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>async3</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="../async/async3"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>stockticker</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="../async/stockticker"><img SRC="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <th colspan="3">Servlet 3.1 Non-blocking IO examples</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>Byte counter</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="nonblocking/bytecounter.html"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>Number Writer</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="nonblocking/numberwriter"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <th colspan="3">Servlet 4.0 Server Push examples</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>Simple image push</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="serverpush/simpleimage"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+  <th colspan="3">Servlet 4.0 Trailer Field examples</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>Response trailer fields</td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;">
+    <a href="trailers/response"><img src="images/execute.gif" alt=""> Execute</a>
+  </td>
+  <td style="width: 30%;"></td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/nonblocking/bytecounter.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/nonblocking/bytecounter.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55d31a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/nonblocking/bytecounter.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Servlet 3.1 non-blocking IO examples: Byte counter</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Byte counter</h1>
+    <p>Select a file and/or enter some data using the form below and then submit
+       it. The server will read the request body using non-blocking IO and then
+       respond with the total length of the request body in bytes.</p>
+    <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="bytecounter" >
+      <p><textarea name="data" rows="5" cols="60" ></textarea></p>
+      <p><input name="source" type="file" /></p>
+      <p><input type="submit" value="Submit" /></p>
+    </form>
+  </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqheaders.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqheaders.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adda30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqheaders.html
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="servlet/RequestHeaderExample"><img src="images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+<h3>Source Code for RequestHeader Example<font color="#0000FF"><br>
+  </font> </h3>
+<font color="#0000FF"></font>
+<pre><font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.io.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.util.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.http.*;
+
+<font color="#0000FF">public class</font> RequestHeaderExample <font color="#0000FF">extends</font> HttpServlet {
+
+    <font color="#0000FF">public void</font> doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+    <font color="#0000FF">throws</font> IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        response.setContentType(&quot;<font color="#009900">text/html</font>&quot;);
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        Enumeration e = request.getHeaderNames();
+        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+            String name = (String)e.nextElement();
+            String value = request.getHeader(name);
+            out.println(name + &quot;<font color="#009900"> = </font>&quot; + value);
+        }
+    }
+}</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqinfo.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqinfo.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daf239c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqinfo.html
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="servlet/RequestInfoExample"><img src="images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+<h3>Source Code for Request Info Example<font color="#0000FF"><br>
+  </font> </h3>
+<font color="#0000FF"></font>
+<pre><font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.io.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.http.*;
+
+<font color="#0000FF">public class</font> RequestInfo <font color="#0000FF">extends</font> HttpServlet {
+
+    <font color="#0000FF">public void</font> doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+    <font color="#0000FF">throws</font> IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        response.setContentType(&quot;<font color="#009900">text/html</font>&quot;);
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;html&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;body&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;head&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;title&gt;Request Information Example&lt;/title&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/head&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;body&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;h3&gt;Request Information Example&lt;/h3&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Method: </font>&quot; + request.getMethod());
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Request URI: </font>&quot; + request.getRequestURI());
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Protocol: </font>&quot; + request.getProtocol());
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">PathInfo: </font>&quot; + request.getPathInfo());
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Remote Address: </font>&quot; + request.getRemoteAddr());
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/body&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/html&gt;</font>&quot;);
+    }
+
+<font color="#FF0000">    /**
+     * We are going to perform the same operations for POST requests
+     * as for GET methods, so this method just sends the request to
+     * the doGet method.
+     */</font>
+
+    <font color="#0000FF">public void</font> doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+    <font color="#0000FF">throws</font> IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        doGet(request, response);
+    }
+}</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqparams.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqparams.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bbb6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/reqparams.html
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="servlet/RequestParamExample"><img src="images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+<h3>Source Code for Request Parameter Example<font color="#0000FF"><br>
+  </font> </h3>
+<font color="#0000FF"></font>
+<pre><font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.io.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.util.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.http.*;
+
+<font color="#0000FF">public class</font> RequestParamExample <font color="#0000FF">extends</font> HttpServlet {
+
+    <font color="#0000FF">public void</font> doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+    <font color="#0000FF">throws</font> IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        response.setContentType(&quot;<font color="#009900">text/html</font>&quot;);
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;html&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;head&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;title&gt;Request Parameters Example&lt;/title&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/head&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;body&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;h3&gt;Request Parameters Example&lt;/h3&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Parameters in this request:&lt;br&gt;</font>&quot;);
+
+        String firstName = request.getParameter("firstname");
+        String lastName = request.getParameter("lastname");
+
+        if (firstName != null || lastName != null) {
+            out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">First Name:</font>&quot;);
+            out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900"> = </font>&quot; + HTMLFilter.filter(firstName) + &quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;br&gt;</font>&quot;);
+            out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Last Name:</font>&quot;);
+            out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900"> = </font>&quot; + HTMLFilter.filter(lastName));
+        } else {
+            out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">No Parameters, Please enter some</font>&quot;);
+        }
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;P&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.print(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;form action=\"</font>&quot;);
+        out.print(&quot;<font color="#009900">RequestParamExample\" </font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">method=POST&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">First Name:</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;input type=text size=20 name=firstname&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;br&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Last Name:</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;input type=text size=20 name=lastname&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;br&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;input type=submit&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/form&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/body&gt;</font>&quot;);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">&lt;/html&gt;</font>&quot;);
+    }
+
+    <font color="#0000FF">public void</font> doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse res)
+    <font color="#0000FF">throws</font> IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        doGet(request, response);
+    }
+}</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/sessions.html b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/sessions.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99816c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/servlets/sessions.html
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Untitled Document</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+<p><font color="#0000FF"><a href="servlet/SessionExample"><img src="images/execute.gif" align="right" border="0"></a><a href="index.html"><img src="images/return.gif" width="24" height="24" align="right" border="0"></a></font></p>
+<h3>Source Code for Session Example<font color="#0000FF"><br>
+  </font> </h3>
+<font color="#0000FF"></font>
+<pre><font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.io.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> java.util.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.*;
+<font color="#0000FF">import</font> javax.servlet.http.*;
+
+<font color="#0000FF">public class</font> SessionExample <font color="#0000FF">extends</font> HttpServlet {
+
+    <font color="#0000FF">public void</font> doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+    <font color="#0000FF">throws</font> IOException, ServletException
+    {
+        response.setContentType(&quot;<font color="#009900">text/html</font>&quot;);
+        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
+
+        HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
+
+        <font color="#CC0000">// print session info</font>
+
+        Date created = new Date(session.getCreationTime());
+        Date accessed = new Date(session.getLastAccessedTime());
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">ID </font>&quot; + session.getId());
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Created: </font>&quot; + created);
+        out.println(&quot;<font color="#009900">Last Accessed: </font>&quot; + accessed);
+
+        <font color="#CC0000">// set session info if needed</font>
+
+        String dataName = request.getParameter(&quot;<font color="#009900">dataName</font>&quot;);
+        if (dataName != null &amp;&amp; dataName.length() &gt; 0) {
+            String dataValue = request.getParameter(&quot;<font color="#009900">dataValue</font>&quot;);
+            session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);
+        }
+
+        // print session contents
+
+        Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();
+        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+            String name = (String)e.nextElement();
+            String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();
+            out.println(name + &quot; <font color="#009900">= </font>&quot; + value);
+        }
+    }
+}</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/chat.xhtml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/chat.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c863fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/chat.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<head>
+    <title>Apache Tomcat WebSocket Examples: Chat</title>
+    <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+        input#chat {
+            width: 410px
+        }
+
+        #console-container {
+            width: 400px;
+        }
+
+        #console {
+            border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
+            border-right-color: #999999;
+            border-bottom-color: #999999;
+            height: 170px;
+            overflow-y: scroll;
+            padding: 5px;
+            width: 100%;
+        }
+
+        #console p {
+            padding: 0;
+            margin: 0;
+        }
+    ]]></style>
+    <script type="text/javascript"><![CDATA[
+        "use strict";
+
+        var Chat = {};
+
+        Chat.socket = null;
+
+        Chat.connect = (function(host) {
+            if ('WebSocket' in window) {
+                Chat.socket = new WebSocket(host);
+            } else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
+                Chat.socket = new MozWebSocket(host);
+            } else {
+                Console.log('Error: WebSocket is not supported by this browser.');
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Chat.socket.onopen = function () {
+                Console.log('Info: WebSocket connection opened.');
+                document.getElementById('chat').onkeydown = function(event) {
+                    if (event.keyCode == 13) {
+                        Chat.sendMessage();
+                    }
+                };
+            };
+
+            Chat.socket.onclose = function () {
+                document.getElementById('chat').onkeydown = null;
+                Console.log('Info: WebSocket closed.');
+            };
+
+            Chat.socket.onmessage = function (message) {
+                Console.log(message.data);
+            };
+        });
+
+        Chat.initialize = function() {
+            if (window.location.protocol == 'http:') {
+                Chat.connect('ws://' + window.location.host + '/examples/websocket/chat');
+            } else {
+                Chat.connect('wss://' + window.location.host + '/examples/websocket/chat');
+            }
+        };
+
+        Chat.sendMessage = (function() {
+            var message = document.getElementById('chat').value;
+            if (message != '') {
+                Chat.socket.send(message);
+                document.getElementById('chat').value = '';
+            }
+        });
+
+        var Console = {};
+
+        Console.log = (function(message) {
+            var console = document.getElementById('console');
+            var p = document.createElement('p');
+            p.style.wordWrap = 'break-word';
+            p.innerHTML = message;
+            console.appendChild(p);
+            while (console.childNodes.length > 25) {
+                console.removeChild(console.firstChild);
+            }
+            console.scrollTop = console.scrollHeight;
+        });
+
+        Chat.initialize();
+
+
+        document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
+            // Remove elements with "noscript" class - <noscript> is not allowed in XHTML
+            var noscripts = document.getElementsByClassName("noscript");
+            for (var i = 0; i < noscripts.length; i++) {
+                noscripts[i].parentNode.removeChild(noscripts[i]);
+            }
+        }, false);
+
+    ]]></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="noscript"><h2 style="color: #ff0000">Seems your browser doesn't support JavaScript! Websockets rely on JavaScript being enabled. Please enable
+    JavaScript and reload this page!</h2></div>
+<div>
+    <p>
+        <input type="text" placeholder="type and press enter to chat" id="chat" />
+    </p>
+    <div id="console-container">
+        <div id="console"/>
+    </div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/drawboard.xhtml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/drawboard.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7702ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/drawboard.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,899 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<head>
+    <title>Apache Tomcat WebSocket Examples: Drawboard</title>
+    <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+
+        body {
+            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+            font-size: 11pt;
+            background-color: #eeeeea;
+            padding: 10px;
+        }
+
+        #console-container {
+            float: left;
+            background-color: #fff;
+            width: 250px;
+        }
+
+        #console {
+            font-size: 10pt;
+            height: 600px;
+            overflow-y: scroll;
+            padding-left: 5px;
+            padding-right: 5px;
+        }
+
+        #console p {
+            padding: 0;
+            margin: 0;
+        }
+
+        #drawContainer {
+            float: left;
+            display: none;
+            margin-right: 25px;
+        }
+
+        #drawContainer canvas {
+            display: block;
+            -ms-touch-action: none;
+            touch-action: none; /* Disable touch behaviors, like pan and zoom */
+            cursor: crosshair;
+        }
+
+        #labelContainer {
+            margin-bottom: 15px;
+        }
+
+        #drawContainer, #console-container {
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 3px #bbb;
+            border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
+        }
+
+    ]]></style>
+    <script type="text/javascript"><![CDATA[
+    "use strict";
+
+    (function() {
+
+        document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
+            // Remove elements with "noscript" class - <noscript> is not
+            // allowed in XHTML
+            var noscripts = document.getElementsByClassName("noscript");
+            for (var i = 0; i < noscripts.length; i++) {
+                noscripts[i].parentNode.removeChild(noscripts[i]);
+            }
+
+            // Add script for expand content.
+            var expandElements = document.getElementsByClassName("expand");
+            for (var ixx = 0; ixx < expandElements.length; ixx++) {
+                (function(el) {
+                    var expandContent = document.getElementById(el.getAttribute("data-content-id"));
+                    expandContent.style.display = "none";
+                    var arrow = document.createTextNode("◢ ");
+                    var arrowSpan = document.createElement("span");
+                    arrowSpan.appendChild(arrow);
+
+                    var link = document.createElement("a");
+                    link.setAttribute("href", "#!");
+                    while (el.firstChild != null) {
+                        link.appendChild(el.removeChild(el.firstChild));
+                    }
+                    el.appendChild(arrowSpan);
+                    el.appendChild(link);
+
+                    var textSpan = document.createElement("span");
+                    textSpan.setAttribute("style", "font-weight: normal;");
+                    textSpan.appendChild(document.createTextNode(" (click to expand)"));
+                    el.appendChild(textSpan);
+
+
+                    var visible = true;
+
+                    var switchExpand = function() {
+                        visible = !visible;
+                        expandContent.style.display = visible ? "block" : "none";
+                        arrowSpan.style.color = visible ? "#000" : "#888";
+                        return false;
+                    };
+
+                    link.onclick = switchExpand;
+                    switchExpand();
+
+                })(expandElements[ixx]);
+            }
+
+
+            var Console = {};
+
+            Console.log = (function() {
+                var consoleContainer =
+                    document.getElementById("console-container");
+                var console = document.createElement("div");
+                console.setAttribute("id", "console");
+                consoleContainer.appendChild(console);
+
+                return function(message) {
+                    var p = document.createElement('p');
+                    p.style.wordWrap = "break-word";
+                    p.appendChild(document.createTextNode(message));
+                    console.appendChild(p);
+                    while (console.childNodes.length > 25) {
+                        console.removeChild(console.firstChild);
+                    }
+                    console.scrollTop = console.scrollHeight;
+                }
+            })();
+
+
+            function Room(drawContainer) {
+
+                /* A pausable event forwarder that can be used to pause and
+                 * resume handling of events (e.g. when we need to wait
+                 * for a Image's load event before we can process further
+                 * WebSocket messages).
+                 * The object's callFunction(func) should be called from an
+                 * event handler and give the function to handle the event as
+                 * argument.
+                 * Call pauseProcessing() to suspend event forwarding and
+                 * resumeProcessing() to resume it.
+                 */
+                function PausableEventForwarder() {
+
+                    var pauseProcessing = false;
+                    // Queue for buffering functions to be called.
+                    var functionQueue = [];
+
+                    this.callFunction = function(func) {
+                        // If message processing is paused, we push it
+                        // into the queue - otherwise we process it directly.
+                        if (pauseProcessing) {
+                            functionQueue.push(func);
+                        } else {
+                            func();
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    this.pauseProcessing = function() {
+                        pauseProcessing = true;
+                    };
+
+                    this.resumeProcessing = function() {
+                        pauseProcessing = false;
+
+                        // Process all queued functions until some handler calls
+                        // pauseProcessing() again.
+                        while (functionQueue.length > 0 && !pauseProcessing) {
+                            var func = functionQueue.pop();
+                            func();
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+
+                // The WebSocket object.
+                var socket;
+                // ID of the timer which sends ping messages.
+                var pingTimerId;
+
+                var isStarted = false;
+                var playerCount = 0;
+
+                // An array of PathIdContainer objects that the server
+                // did not yet handle.
+                // They are ordered by id (ascending).
+                var pathsNotHandled = [];
+
+                var nextMsgId = 1;
+
+                var canvasDisplay = document.createElement("canvas");
+                var canvasBackground = document.createElement("canvas");
+                var canvasServerImage = document.createElement("canvas");
+                var canvasArray = [canvasDisplay, canvasBackground,
+                    canvasServerImage];
+                canvasDisplay.addEventListener("mousedown", function(e) {
+                    // Prevent default mouse event to prevent browsers from marking text
+                    // (and Chrome from displaying the "text" cursor).
+                    e.preventDefault();
+                }, false);
+
+                var labelPlayerCount = document.createTextNode("0");
+                var optionContainer = document.createElement("div");
+
+
+                var canvasDisplayCtx = canvasDisplay.getContext("2d");
+                var canvasBackgroundCtx = canvasBackground.getContext("2d");
+                var canvasServerImageCtx = canvasServerImage.getContext("2d");
+                var canvasMouseMoveHandler;
+                var canvasMouseDownHandler;
+
+                var isActive = false;
+                var mouseInWindow = false;
+                var mouseDown = false;
+                var currentMouseX = 0, currentMouseY = 0;
+                var currentPreviewPath = null;
+
+                var availableColors = [];
+                var currentColorIndex;
+                var colorContainers;
+                var previewTransparency = 0.65;
+
+                var availableThicknesses = [2, 3, 6, 10, 16, 28, 50];
+                var currentThicknessIndex;
+                var thicknessContainers;
+
+                var availableDrawTypes = [
+                           { name: "Brush", id: 1, continuous: true },
+                           { name: "Line", id: 2, continuous: false },
+                           { name: "Rectangle", id: 3, continuous: false },
+                           { name: "Ellipse", id: 4, continuous: false }
+                ];
+                var currentDrawTypeIndex;
+                var drawTypeContainers;
+
+
+                var labelContainer = document.getElementById("labelContainer");
+                var placeholder = document.createElement("div");
+                placeholder.appendChild(document.createTextNode("Loading... "));
+                var progressElem = document.createElement("progress");
+                placeholder.appendChild(progressElem);
+
+                labelContainer.appendChild(placeholder);
+
+                function rgb(color) {
+                       return "rgba(" + color[0] + "," + color[1] + ","
+                               + color[2] + "," + color[3] + ")";
+                   }
+
+                function PathIdContainer(path, id) {
+                    this.path = path;
+                    this.id = id;
+                }
+
+                function Path(type, color, thickness, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
+                    this.type = type;
+                    this.color = color;
+                    this.thickness = thickness;
+                    this.x1 = x1;
+                    this.y1 = y1;
+                    this.x2 = x2;
+                    this.y2 = y2;
+
+                    function ellipse(ctx, x, y, w, h) {
+                        /* Drawing an ellipse cannot be done directly in a
+                         * CanvasRenderingContext2D - we need to use drawArc()
+                         * in conjunction with scaling the context so that we
+                         * get the needed proportion.
+                         */
+                        ctx.save();
+
+                        // Translate and scale the context so that we can draw
+                        // an arc at (0, 0) with a radius of 1.
+                        ctx.translate(x + w / 2, y + h / 2);
+                        ctx.scale(w / 2, h / 2);
+
+                        ctx.beginPath();
+                        ctx.arc(0, 0, 1, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
+
+                        ctx.restore();
+                    }
+
+                    this.draw = function(ctx) {
+                        ctx.beginPath();
+                        ctx.lineCap = "round";
+                        ctx.lineWidth = thickness;
+                        var style = rgb(color);
+                        ctx.strokeStyle = style;
+
+                        if (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2) {
+                            // Always draw as arc to meet the behavior
+                            // in Java2D.
+                            ctx.fillStyle = style;
+                            ctx.arc(x1, y1, thickness / 2.0, 0,
+                                    Math.PI * 2.0, false);
+                            ctx.fill();
+                        } else {
+                            if (type == 1 || type == 2) {
+                                // Draw a line.
+                                ctx.moveTo(x1, y1);
+                                ctx.lineTo(x2, y2);
+                                ctx.stroke();
+                            } else if (type == 3) {
+                                // Draw a rectangle.
+                                if (x1 == x2 || y1 == y2) {
+                                    // Draw as line
+                                    ctx.moveTo(x1, y1);
+                                    ctx.lineTo(x2, y2);
+                                    ctx.stroke();
+                                } else {
+                                    ctx.strokeRect(x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
+                                }
+                            } else if (type == 4) {
+                                // Draw an ellipse.
+                                ellipse(ctx, x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
+                                ctx.closePath();
+                                ctx.stroke();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+
+
+                function connect() {
+                    var host = (window.location.protocol == "https:"
+                            ? "wss://" : "ws://") + window.location.host
+                            + "/examples/websocket/drawboard";
+                    socket = new WebSocket(host);
+
+                    /* Use a pausable event forwarder.
+                     * This is needed when we load an Image object with data
+                     * from a previous message, because we must wait until the
+                     * Image's load event it raised before we can use it (and
+                     * in the meantime the socket.message event could be
+                     * raised).
+                     * Therefore we need this pausable event handler to handle
+                     * e.g. socket.onmessage and socket.onclose.
+                     */
+                    var eventForwarder = new PausableEventForwarder();
+
+                    socket.onopen = function () {
+                        // Socket has opened. Now wait for the server to
+                        // send us the initial packet.
+                        Console.log("WebSocket connection opened.");
+
+                        // Set up a timer for pong messages.
+                        pingTimerId = window.setInterval(function() {
+                            socket.send("0");
+                        }, 30000);
+                    };
+
+                    socket.onclose = function () {
+                        eventForwarder.callFunction(function() {
+                            Console.log("WebSocket connection closed.");
+                            disableControls();
+
+                            // Disable pong timer.
+                            window.clearInterval(pingTimerId);
+                        });
+                    };
+
+                    // Handles an incoming Websocket message.
+                    var handleOnMessage = function(message) {
+
+                        // Split joined message and process them
+                        // individually.
+                        var messages = message.data.split(";");
+                        for (var msgArrIdx = 0; msgArrIdx < messages.length;
+                                msgArrIdx++) {
+                            var msg = messages[msgArrIdx];
+                            var type = msg.substring(0, 1);
+
+                            if (type == "0") {
+                                // Error message.
+                                var error = msg.substring(1);
+                                // Log it to the console and show an alert.
+                                Console.log("Error: " + error);
+                                alert(error);
+
+                            } else {
+                                if (!isStarted) {
+                                    if (type == "2") {
+                                        // Initial message. It contains the
+                                        // number of players.
+                                        // After this message we will receive
+                                        // a binary message containing the current
+                                        // room image as PNG.
+                                        playerCount = parseInt(msg.substring(1));
+
+                                        refreshPlayerCount();
+
+                                        // The next message will be a binary
+                                        // message containing the room images
+                                        // as PNG. Therefore we temporarily swap
+                                        // the message handler.
+                                        var originalHandler = handleOnMessage;
+                                        handleOnMessage = function(message) {
+                                            // First, we restore the original handler.
+                                            handleOnMessage = originalHandler;
+
+                                            // Read the image.
+                                            var blob = message.data;
+                                            // Create new blob with correct MIME type.
+                                            blob = new Blob([blob], {type : "image/png"});
+
+                                            var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+
+                                            var img = new Image();
+
+                                            // We must wait until the onload event is
+                                            // raised until we can draw the image onto
+                                            // the canvas.
+                                            // Therefore we need to pause the event
+                                            // forwarder until the image is loaded.
+                                            eventForwarder.pauseProcessing();
+
+                                            img.onload = function() {
+
+                                                // Release the object URL.
+                                                URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
+
+                                                // Set the canvases to the correct size.
+                                                for (var i = 0; i < canvasArray.length; i++) {
+                                                    canvasArray[i].width = img.width;
+                                                    canvasArray[i].height = img.height;
+                                                }
+
+                                                // Now draw the image on the last canvas.
+                                                canvasServerImageCtx.clearRect(0, 0,
+                                                        canvasServerImage.width,
+                                                        canvasServerImage.height);
+                                                canvasServerImageCtx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
+
+                                                // Draw it on the background canvas.
+                                                canvasBackgroundCtx.drawImage(canvasServerImage,
+                                                        0, 0);
+
+                                                isStarted = true;
+                                                startControls();
+
+                                                // Refresh the display canvas.
+                                                refreshDisplayCanvas();
+
+
+                                                // Finally, resume the event forwarder.
+                                                eventForwarder.resumeProcessing();
+                                            };
+
+                                            img.src = url;
+                                        };
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    if (type == "3") {
+                                        // The number of players in this room changed.
+                                        var playerAdded = msg.substring(1) == "+";
+                                        playerCount += playerAdded ? 1 : -1;
+                                        refreshPlayerCount();
+
+                                        Console.log("Player " + (playerAdded
+                                                ? "joined." : "left."));
+
+                                    } else if (type == "1") {
+                                        // We received a new DrawMessage.
+                                        var maxLastHandledId = -1;
+                                        var drawMessages = msg.substring(1).split("|");
+                                        for (var i = 0; i < drawMessages.length; i++) {
+                                            var elements = drawMessages[i].split(",");
+                                            var lastHandledId = parseInt(elements[0]);
+                                               maxLastHandledId = Math.max(maxLastHandledId,
+                                                       lastHandledId);
+
+                                            var path = new Path(
+                                                    parseInt(elements[1]),
+                                                    [parseInt(elements[2]),
+                                                    parseInt(elements[3]),
+                                                    parseInt(elements[4]),
+                                                    parseInt(elements[5]) / 255.0],
+                                                    parseFloat(elements[6]),
+                                                    parseFloat(elements[7]),
+                                                    parseFloat(elements[8]),
+                                                    parseFloat(elements[9]),
+                                                    parseFloat(elements[10]));
+
+                                            // Draw the path onto the last canvas.
+                                            path.draw(canvasServerImageCtx);
+                                        }
+
+                                        // Draw the last canvas onto the background one.
+                                        canvasBackgroundCtx.drawImage(canvasServerImage,
+                                                0, 0);
+
+                                        // Now go through the pathsNotHandled array and
+                                        // remove the paths that were already handled by
+                                        // the server.
+                                        while (pathsNotHandled.length > 0
+                                                && pathsNotHandled[0].id <= maxLastHandledId)
+                                            pathsNotHandled.shift();
+
+                                        // Now me must draw the remaining paths onto
+                                        // the background canvas.
+                                        for (var i = 0; i < pathsNotHandled.length; i++) {
+                                            pathsNotHandled[i].path.draw(canvasBackgroundCtx);
+                                        }
+
+                                        refreshDisplayCanvas();
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    socket.onmessage = function(message) {
+                        eventForwarder.callFunction(function() {
+                            handleOnMessage(message);
+                        });
+                    };
+
+                }
+
+
+                function refreshPlayerCount() {
+                    labelPlayerCount.nodeValue = String(playerCount);
+                }
+
+                function refreshDisplayCanvas() {
+                    if (!isActive) { // Don't draw a cursor when not active.
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    canvasDisplayCtx.drawImage(canvasBackground, 0, 0);
+                    if (currentPreviewPath != null) {
+                        // Draw the preview path.
+                        currentPreviewPath.draw(canvasDisplayCtx);
+
+                    } else if (mouseInWindow && !mouseDown) {
+                        canvasDisplayCtx.beginPath();
+                        var color = availableColors[currentColorIndex].slice(0);
+                        color[3] = previewTransparency;
+                        canvasDisplayCtx.fillStyle = rgb(color);
+
+                        canvasDisplayCtx.arc(currentMouseX, currentMouseY,
+                                availableThicknesses[currentThicknessIndex] / 2,
+                                0, Math.PI * 2.0, true);
+                        canvasDisplayCtx.fill();
+                    }
+
+                }
+
+                function startControls() {
+                    isActive = true;
+
+                    labelContainer.removeChild(placeholder);
+                    placeholder = undefined;
+
+                    labelContainer.appendChild(
+                            document.createTextNode("Number of Players: "));
+                    labelContainer.appendChild(labelPlayerCount);
+
+
+                    drawContainer.style.display = "block";
+                    drawContainer.appendChild(canvasDisplay);
+
+                    drawContainer.appendChild(optionContainer);
+
+                    canvasMouseDownHandler = function(e) {
+                        if (e.button == 0) {
+                            currentMouseX = e.pageX - canvasDisplay.offsetLeft;
+                            currentMouseY = e.pageY - canvasDisplay.offsetTop;
+
+                            mouseDown = true;
+                            canvasMouseMoveHandler(e);
+
+                        } else if (mouseDown) {
+                            // Cancel drawing.
+                            mouseDown = false;
+                            currentPreviewPath = null;
+
+                            currentMouseX = e.pageX - canvasDisplay.offsetLeft;
+                            currentMouseY = e.pageY - canvasDisplay.offsetTop;
+
+                            refreshDisplayCanvas();
+                        }
+                    };
+                    canvasDisplay.addEventListener("mousedown", canvasMouseDownHandler, false);
+
+                    canvasMouseMoveHandler = function(e) {
+                        var mouseX = e.pageX - canvasDisplay.offsetLeft;
+                        var mouseY = e.pageY - canvasDisplay.offsetTop;
+
+                        if (mouseDown) {
+                            var drawType = availableDrawTypes[currentDrawTypeIndex];
+
+                            if (drawType.continuous) {
+
+                                var path = new Path(drawType.id,
+                                        availableColors[currentColorIndex],
+                                        availableThicknesses[currentThicknessIndex],
+                                        currentMouseX, currentMouseY, mouseX,
+                                        mouseY);
+                                // Draw it on the background canvas.
+                                path.draw(canvasBackgroundCtx);
+
+                                // Send it to the sever.
+                                pushPath(path);
+
+                                // Refresh old coordinates
+                                currentMouseX = mouseX;
+                                currentMouseY = mouseY;
+
+                            } else {
+                                // Create a new preview path.
+                                var color = availableColors[currentColorIndex].slice(0);
+                                color[3] = previewTransparency;
+                                currentPreviewPath = new Path(drawType.id,
+                                        color,
+                                        availableThicknesses[currentThicknessIndex],
+                                        currentMouseX, currentMouseY, mouseX,
+                                        mouseY, false);
+                            }
+
+                            refreshDisplayCanvas();
+                        } else {
+                            currentMouseX = mouseX;
+                            currentMouseY = mouseY;
+
+                            if (mouseInWindow) {
+                                refreshDisplayCanvas();
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                    };
+                    document.addEventListener("mousemove", canvasMouseMoveHandler, false);
+
+                    document.addEventListener("mouseup", function(e) {
+                        if (e.button == 0) {
+                            if (mouseDown) {
+                                mouseDown = false;
+                                currentPreviewPath = null;
+
+                                var mouseX = e.pageX - canvasDisplay.offsetLeft;
+                                var mouseY = e.pageY - canvasDisplay.offsetTop;
+                                var drawType = availableDrawTypes[currentDrawTypeIndex];
+
+                                // If we are drawing a continuous path and the previous mouse coordinates are the same as
+                                // the new ones, there is no need to construct a new draw message as we don't need to
+                                // "terminate" a path as every path element contains both the start and the end point.
+                                if (!(drawType.continuous && mouseX == currentMouseX && mouseY == currentMouseY)) {
+                                    var path = new Path(drawType.id, availableColors[currentColorIndex],
+                                            availableThicknesses[currentThicknessIndex],
+                                            currentMouseX, currentMouseY, mouseX,
+                                            mouseY);
+                                    // Draw it on the background canvas.
+                                    path.draw(canvasBackgroundCtx);
+
+                                    // Send it to the sever.
+                                    pushPath(path);
+
+                                    // Refresh old coordinates
+                                    currentMouseX = mouseX;
+                                    currentMouseY = mouseY;
+                                }
+
+                                refreshDisplayCanvas();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }, false);
+
+                    canvasDisplay.addEventListener("mouseout", function(e) {
+                        mouseInWindow = false;
+                        refreshDisplayCanvas();
+                    }, false);
+
+                    canvasDisplay.addEventListener("mousemove", function(e) {
+                        if (!mouseInWindow) {
+                            mouseInWindow = true;
+                            refreshDisplayCanvas();
+                        }
+                    }, false);
+
+
+                    // Create color and thickness controls.
+                    var colorContainersBox = document.createElement("div");
+                    colorContainersBox.setAttribute("style",
+                            "margin: 4px; border: 1px solid #bbb; border-radius: 3px;");
+                    optionContainer.appendChild(colorContainersBox);
+
+                    colorContainers = new Array(3 * 3 * 3);
+                    for (var i = 0; i < colorContainers.length; i++) {
+                        var colorContainer = colorContainers[i] =
+                            document.createElement("div");
+                        var color = availableColors[i] =
+                            [
+                                Math.floor((i % 3) * 255 / 2),
+                                Math.floor((Math.floor(i / 3) % 3) * 255 / 2),
+                                Math.floor((Math.floor(i / (3 * 3)) % 3) * 255 / 2),
+                                1.0
+                            ];
+                        colorContainer.setAttribute("style",
+                                "margin: 3px; width: 18px; height: 18px; "
+                                + "float: left; background-color: " + rgb(color));
+                        colorContainer.style.border = '2px solid #000';
+                        colorContainer.addEventListener("mousedown", (function(ix) {
+                            return function() {
+                                setColor(ix);
+                            };
+                        })(i), false);
+
+                        colorContainersBox.appendChild(colorContainer);
+                    }
+
+                    var divClearLeft = document.createElement("div");
+                    divClearLeft.setAttribute("style", "clear: left;");
+                    colorContainersBox.appendChild(divClearLeft);
+
+
+                    var drawTypeContainersBox = document.createElement("div");
+                    drawTypeContainersBox.setAttribute("style",
+                           "float: right; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 1px;");
+                    optionContainer.appendChild(drawTypeContainersBox);
+
+                    drawTypeContainers = new Array(availableDrawTypes.length);
+                    for (var i = 0; i < drawTypeContainers.length; i++) {
+                        var drawTypeContainer = drawTypeContainers[i] =
+                            document.createElement("div");
+                        drawTypeContainer.setAttribute("style",
+                                "text-align: center; margin: 3px; padding: 0 3px;"
+                                + "height: 18px; float: left;");
+                        drawTypeContainer.style.border = "2px solid #000";
+                        drawTypeContainer.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
+                                String(availableDrawTypes[i].name)));
+                        drawTypeContainer.addEventListener("mousedown", (function(ix) {
+                            return function() {
+                                setDrawType(ix);
+                            };
+                        })(i), false);
+
+                        drawTypeContainersBox.appendChild(drawTypeContainer);
+                    }
+
+
+                    var thicknessContainersBox = document.createElement("div");
+                    thicknessContainersBox.setAttribute("style",
+                            "margin: 3px; border: 1px solid #bbb; border-radius: 3px;");
+                    optionContainer.appendChild(thicknessContainersBox);
+
+                    thicknessContainers = new Array(availableThicknesses.length);
+                    for (var i = 0; i < thicknessContainers.length; i++) {
+                        var thicknessContainer = thicknessContainers[i] =
+                            document.createElement("div");
+                        thicknessContainer.setAttribute("style",
+                                "text-align: center; margin: 3px; width: 18px; "
+                                + "height: 18px; float: left;");
+                        thicknessContainer.style.border = "2px solid #000";
+                        thicknessContainer.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
+                                String(availableThicknesses[i])));
+                        thicknessContainer.addEventListener("mousedown", (function(ix) {
+                            return function() {
+                                setThickness(ix);
+                            };
+                        })(i), false);
+
+                        thicknessContainersBox.appendChild(thicknessContainer);
+                    }
+
+
+                    divClearLeft = document.createElement("div");
+                    divClearLeft.setAttribute("style", "clear: left;");
+                    thicknessContainersBox.appendChild(divClearLeft);
+
+
+                    setColor(0);
+                    setThickness(0);
+                    setDrawType(0);
+
+                }
+
+                function disableControls() {
+                    document.removeEventListener("mousedown", canvasMouseDownHandler);
+                    document.removeEventListener("mousemove", canvasMouseMoveHandler);
+                    mouseInWindow = false;
+                    refreshDisplayCanvas();
+
+                    isActive = false;
+                }
+
+                function pushPath(path) {
+
+                    // Push it into the pathsNotHandled array.
+                    var container = new PathIdContainer(path, nextMsgId++);
+                    pathsNotHandled.push(container);
+
+                    // Send the path to the server.
+                    var message = container.id + "|" + path.type + ","
+                            + path.color[0] + "," + path.color[1] + ","
+                            + path.color[2] + ","
+                            + Math.round(path.color[3] * 255.0) + ","
+                            + path.thickness + "," + path.x1 + ","
+                            + path.y1 + "," + path.x2 + "," + path.y2;
+
+                    socket.send("1" + message);
+                }
+
+                function setThickness(thicknessIndex) {
+                    if (typeof currentThicknessIndex !== "undefined")
+                        thicknessContainers[currentThicknessIndex]
+                            .style.borderColor = "#000";
+                    currentThicknessIndex = thicknessIndex;
+                    thicknessContainers[currentThicknessIndex]
+                        .style.borderColor = "#d08";
+                }
+
+                function setColor(colorIndex) {
+                    if (typeof currentColorIndex !== "undefined")
+                        colorContainers[currentColorIndex]
+                            .style.borderColor = "#000";
+                    currentColorIndex = colorIndex;
+                    colorContainers[currentColorIndex]
+                        .style.borderColor = "#d08";
+                }
+
+                function setDrawType(drawTypeIndex) {
+                    if (typeof currentDrawTypeIndex !== "undefined")
+                        drawTypeContainers[currentDrawTypeIndex]
+                            .style.borderColor = "#000";
+                    currentDrawTypeIndex = drawTypeIndex;
+                    drawTypeContainers[currentDrawTypeIndex]
+                        .style.borderColor = "#d08";
+                }
+
+
+                connect();
+
+            }
+
+
+            // Initialize the room
+            var room = new Room(document.getElementById("drawContainer"));
+
+
+        }, false);
+
+    })();
+    ]]></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="noscript"><div style="color: #ff0000; font-size: 16pt;">Seems your browser doesn't support JavaScript! Websockets rely on JavaScript being enabled. Please enable
+    JavaScript and reload this page!</div></div>
+    <div id="labelContainer"/>
+    <div id="drawContainer"/>
+    <div id="console-container"/>
+    <div style="clear: left;"/>
+
+    <h1 class="expand" data-content-id="expandContent" style="font-size: 1.3em;"
+        >About Drawboard WebSocket Example</h1>
+    <div id="expandContent">
+        <p>
+            This drawboard is a page where you can draw with your mouse or touch input
+            (using different colors) and everybody else which has the page open will
+            <em>immediately</em> see what you are drawing.<br/>
+            If someone opens the page later, they will get the current room image (so they
+            can see what was already drawn by other people).
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            It uses asynchronous sending of messages so that it doesn't need separate threads
+            for each client to send messages.<br/>
+            Each "Room" (where the drawing happens) uses a ReentrantLock to synchronize access
+            (currently, only a single Room is implemented).
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            When you open the page, first you will receive a binary websocket message containing
+            the current room image as PNG image. After that, you will receive string messages
+            that contain the drawing actions (line from x1,y1 to x2,y2).<br/>
+            <small>Note that it currently only uses simple string messages instead of JSON because
+            I did not want to introduce a dependency on a JSON lib.</small>
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            It uses synchronization mechanisms to ensure that the final image will look the same
+            for every user, regardless of what their network latency/speed is – e.g. if two user
+            draw at the same time on the same place, the server will decide which line was the
+            first one, and that will be reflected on every client.
+        </p>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/echo.xhtml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/echo.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db3ce71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/echo.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<head>
+    <title>Apache Tomcat WebSocket Examples: Echo</title>
+    <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+        #connect-container {
+            float: left;
+            width: 400px
+        }
+
+        #connect-container div {
+            padding: 5px;
+        }
+
+        #console-container {
+            float: left;
+            margin-left: 15px;
+            width: 400px;
+        }
+
+        #console {
+            border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
+            border-right-color: #999999;
+            border-bottom-color: #999999;
+            height: 170px;
+            overflow-y: scroll;
+            padding: 5px;
+            width: 100%;
+        }
+
+        #console p {
+            padding: 0;
+            margin: 0;
+        }
+    ]]></style>
+    <script type="text/javascript"><![CDATA[
+        "use strict";
+
+        var ws = null;
+
+        function setConnected(connected) {
+            document.getElementById('connect').disabled = connected;
+            document.getElementById('disconnect').disabled = !connected;
+            document.getElementById('echo').disabled = !connected;
+        }
+
+        function connect() {
+            var target = document.getElementById('target').value;
+            if (target == '') {
+                alert('Please select server side connection implementation.');
+                return;
+            }
+            if ('WebSocket' in window) {
+                ws = new WebSocket(target);
+            } else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
+                ws = new MozWebSocket(target);
+            } else {
+                alert('WebSocket is not supported by this browser.');
+                return;
+            }
+            ws.onopen = function () {
+                setConnected(true);
+                log('Info: WebSocket connection opened.');
+            };
+            ws.onmessage = function (event) {
+                log('Received: ' + event.data);
+            };
+            ws.onclose = function (event) {
+                setConnected(false);
+                log('Info: WebSocket connection closed, Code: ' + event.code + (event.reason == "" ? "" : ", Reason: " + event.reason));
+            };
+        }
+
+        function disconnect() {
+            if (ws != null) {
+                ws.close();
+                ws = null;
+            }
+            setConnected(false);
+        }
+
+        function echo() {
+            if (ws != null) {
+                var message = document.getElementById('message').value;
+                log('Sent: ' + message);
+                ws.send(message);
+            } else {
+                alert('WebSocket connection not established, please connect.');
+            }
+        }
+
+        function updateTarget(target) {
+            if (window.location.protocol == 'http:') {
+                document.getElementById('target').value = 'ws://' + window.location.host + target;
+            } else {
+                document.getElementById('target').value = 'wss://' + window.location.host + target;
+            }
+        }
+
+        function log(message) {
+            var console = document.getElementById('console');
+            var p = document.createElement('p');
+            p.style.wordWrap = 'break-word';
+            p.appendChild(document.createTextNode(message));
+            console.appendChild(p);
+            while (console.childNodes.length > 25) {
+                console.removeChild(console.firstChild);
+            }
+            console.scrollTop = console.scrollHeight;
+        }
+
+
+        document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
+            // Remove elements with "noscript" class - <noscript> is not allowed in XHTML
+            var noscripts = document.getElementsByClassName("noscript");
+            for (var i = 0; i < noscripts.length; i++) {
+                noscripts[i].parentNode.removeChild(noscripts[i]);
+            }
+        }, false);
+    ]]></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="noscript"><h2 style="color: #ff0000">Seems your browser doesn't support JavaScript! Websockets rely on JavaScript being enabled. Please enable
+    JavaScript and reload this page!</h2></div>
+<div>
+    <div id="connect-container">
+        <div>
+            <span>Connect to service implemented using:</span>
+            <br/>
+            <!-- echo example using new programmatic API on the server side -->
+            <input id="radio1" type="radio" name="group1" value="/examples/websocket/echoProgrammatic"
+                   onclick="updateTarget(this.value);"/> <label for="radio1">programmatic API</label>
+            <br/>
+            <!-- echo example using new annotation API on the server side -->
+            <input id="radio2" type="radio" name="group1" value="/examples/websocket/echoAnnotation"
+                   onclick="updateTarget(this.value);"/> <label for="radio2">annotation API (basic)</label>
+            <br/>
+            <!-- echo example using new annotation API on the server side -->
+            <input id="radio3" type="radio" name="group1" value="/examples/websocket/echoStreamAnnotation"
+                   onclick="updateTarget(this.value);"/> <label for="radio3">annotation API (stream)</label>
+            <br/>
+            <!-- echo example using new annotation API on the server side -->
+            <!-- Disabled by default -->
+            <!--
+            <input id="radio4" type="radio" name="group1" value="/examples/websocket/echoAsyncAnnotation"
+                   onclick="updateTarget(this.value);"/> <label for="radio4">annotation API (async)</label>
+            -->
+        </div>
+        <div>
+            <input id="target" type="text" size="40" style="width: 350px"/>
+        </div>
+        <div>
+            <button id="connect" onclick="connect();">Connect</button>
+            <button id="disconnect" disabled="disabled" onclick="disconnect();">Disconnect</button>
+        </div>
+        <div>
+            <textarea id="message" style="width: 350px">Here is a message!</textarea>
+        </div>
+        <div>
+            <button id="echo" onclick="echo();" disabled="disabled">Echo message</button>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <div id="console-container">
+        <div id="console"/>
+    </div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/index.xhtml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/index.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97ee945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/index.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<head>
+    <title>Apache Tomcat WebSocket Examples</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>Apache Tomcat WebSocket Examples</h1>
+<ul>
+    <li><a href="echo.xhtml">Echo example</a></li>
+    <li><a href="chat.xhtml">Chat example</a></li>
+    <li><a href="snake.xhtml">Multiplayer snake example</a></li>
+    <li><a href="drawboard.xhtml">Multiplayer drawboard example</a></li>
+
+</ul>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/snake.xhtml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/snake.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a376a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/examples/websocket/snake.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<head>
+    <title>Apache Tomcat WebSocket Examples: Multiplayer Snake</title>
+    <style type="text/css"><![CDATA[
+        #playground {
+            width: 640px;
+            height: 480px;
+            background-color: #000;
+        }
+
+        #console-container {
+            float: left;
+            margin-left: 15px;
+            width: 300px;
+        }
+
+        #console {
+            border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
+            border-right-color: #999999;
+            border-bottom-color: #999999;
+            height: 480px;
+            overflow-y: scroll;
+            padding-left: 5px;
+            padding-right: 5px;
+            width: 100%;
+        }
+
+        #console p {
+            padding: 0;
+            margin: 0;
+        }
+    ]]></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="noscript"><h2 style="color: #ff0000">Seems your browser doesn't support JavaScript! Websockets rely on JavaScript being enabled. Please enable
+    JavaScript and reload this page!</h2></div>
+    <div style="float: left">
+        <canvas id="playground" width="640" height="480"/>
+    </div>
+    <div id="console-container">
+        <div id="console"/>
+    </div>
+    <script type="text/javascript"><![CDATA[
+        "use strict";
+
+        var Game = {};
+
+        Game.fps = 30;
+        Game.socket = null;
+        Game.nextFrame = null;
+        Game.interval = null;
+        Game.direction = 'none';
+        Game.gridSize = 10;
+
+        function Snake() {
+            this.snakeBody = [];
+            this.color = null;
+        }
+
+        Snake.prototype.draw = function(context) {
+            for (var id in this.snakeBody) {
+                context.fillStyle = this.color;
+                context.fillRect(this.snakeBody[id].x, this.snakeBody[id].y, Game.gridSize, Game.gridSize);
+            }
+        };
+
+        Game.initialize = function() {
+            this.entities = [];
+            var canvas = document.getElementById('playground');
+            if (!canvas.getContext) {
+                Console.log('Error: 2d canvas not supported by this browser.');
+                return;
+            }
+            this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+            window.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {
+                var code = e.keyCode;
+                if (code > 36 && code < 41) {
+                    switch (code) {
+                        case 37:
+                            if (Game.direction != 'east') Game.setDirection('west');
+                            break;
+                        case 38:
+                            if (Game.direction != 'south') Game.setDirection('north');
+                            break;
+                        case 39:
+                            if (Game.direction != 'west') Game.setDirection('east');
+                            break;
+                        case 40:
+                            if (Game.direction != 'north') Game.setDirection('south');
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }, false);
+            if (window.location.protocol == 'http:') {
+                Game.connect('ws://' + window.location.host + '/examples/websocket/snake');
+            } else {
+                Game.connect('wss://' + window.location.host + '/examples/websocket/snake');
+            }
+        };
+
+        Game.setDirection  = function(direction) {
+            Game.direction = direction;
+            Game.socket.send(direction);
+            Console.log('Sent: Direction ' + direction);
+        };
+
+        Game.startGameLoop = function() {
+            if (window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame) {
+                Game.nextFrame = function () {
+                    webkitRequestAnimationFrame(Game.run);
+                };
+            } else if (window.mozRequestAnimationFrame) {
+                Game.nextFrame = function () {
+                    mozRequestAnimationFrame(Game.run);
+                };
+            } else {
+                Game.interval = setInterval(Game.run, 1000 / Game.fps);
+            }
+            if (Game.nextFrame != null) {
+                Game.nextFrame();
+            }
+        };
+
+        Game.stopGameLoop = function () {
+            Game.nextFrame = null;
+            if (Game.interval != null) {
+                clearInterval(Game.interval);
+            }
+        };
+
+        Game.draw = function() {
+            this.context.clearRect(0, 0, 640, 480);
+            for (var id in this.entities) {
+                this.entities[id].draw(this.context);
+            }
+        };
+
+        Game.addSnake = function(id, color) {
+            Game.entities[id] = new Snake();
+            Game.entities[id].color = color;
+        };
+
+        Game.updateSnake = function(id, snakeBody) {
+            if (typeof Game.entities[id] != "undefined") {
+                Game.entities[id].snakeBody = snakeBody;
+            }
+        };
+
+        Game.removeSnake = function(id) {
+            Game.entities[id] = null;
+            // Force GC.
+            delete Game.entities[id];
+        };
+
+        Game.run = (function() {
+            var skipTicks = 1000 / Game.fps, nextGameTick = (new Date).getTime();
+
+            return function() {
+                while ((new Date).getTime() > nextGameTick) {
+                    nextGameTick += skipTicks;
+                }
+                Game.draw();
+                if (Game.nextFrame != null) {
+                    Game.nextFrame();
+                }
+            };
+        })();
+
+        Game.connect = (function(host) {
+            if ('WebSocket' in window) {
+                Game.socket = new WebSocket(host);
+            } else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
+                Game.socket = new MozWebSocket(host);
+            } else {
+                Console.log('Error: WebSocket is not supported by this browser.');
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Game.socket.onopen = function () {
+                // Socket open.. start the game loop.
+                Console.log('Info: WebSocket connection opened.');
+                Console.log('Info: Press an arrow key to begin.');
+                Game.startGameLoop();
+                setInterval(function() {
+                    // Prevent server read timeout.
+                    Game.socket.send('ping');
+                }, 5000);
+            };
+
+            Game.socket.onclose = function () {
+                Console.log('Info: WebSocket closed.');
+                Game.stopGameLoop();
+            };
+
+            Game.socket.onmessage = function (message) {
+                var packet = JSON.parse(message.data);
+                switch (packet.type) {
+                    case 'update':
+                        for (var i = 0; i < packet.data.length; i++) {
+                            Game.updateSnake(packet.data[i].id, packet.data[i].body);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case 'join':
+                        for (var j = 0; j < packet.data.length; j++) {
+                            Game.addSnake(packet.data[j].id, packet.data[j].color);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case 'leave':
+                        Game.removeSnake(packet.id);
+                        break;
+                    case 'dead':
+                        Console.log('Info: Your snake is dead, bad luck!');
+                        Game.direction = 'none';
+                        break;
+                    case 'kill':
+                        Console.log('Info: Head shot!');
+                        break;
+                }
+            };
+        });
+
+        var Console = {};
+
+        Console.log = (function(message) {
+            var console = document.getElementById('console');
+            var p = document.createElement('p');
+            p.style.wordWrap = 'break-word';
+            p.innerHTML = message;
+            console.appendChild(p);
+            while (console.childNodes.length > 25) {
+                console.removeChild(console.firstChild);
+            }
+            console.scrollTop = console.scrollHeight;
+        });
+
+        Game.initialize();
+
+
+        document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
+            // Remove elements with "noscript" class - <noscript> is not allowed in XHTML
+            var noscripts = document.getElementsByClassName("noscript");
+            for (var i = 0; i < noscripts.length; i++) {
+                noscripts[i].parentNode.removeChild(noscripts[i]);
+            }
+        }, false);
+
+        ]]></script>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fa3a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
+  <CookieProcessor className="org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor"
+                   sameSiteCookies="strict" />
+  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
+  <Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
+</Context>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/401.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/401.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..047766b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/401.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+ <head>
+  <title>401 Unauthorized</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  </style>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+   <h1>401 Unauthorized</h1>
+   <p>
+    You are not authorized to view this page. If you have not changed
+    any configuration files, please examine the file
+    <tt>conf/tomcat-users.xml</tt> in your installation. That
+    file must contain the credentials to let you use this webapp.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    For example, to add the <tt>admin-gui</tt> role to a user named
+    <tt>tomcat</tt> with a password of <tt>s3cret</tt>, add the following to the
+    config file listed above.
+   </p>
+<pre>
+&lt;role rolename="admin-gui"/&gt;
+&lt;user username="tomcat" password="s3cret" roles="admin-gui"/&gt;
+</pre>
+   <p>
+    Note that for Tomcat 7 onwards, the roles required to use the host manager
+    application were changed from the single <tt>admin</tt> role to the
+    following two roles. You will need to assign the role(s) required for
+    the functionality you wish to access.
+   </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><tt>admin-gui</tt> - allows access to the HTML GUI</li>
+      <li><tt>admin-script</tt> - allows access to the text interface</li>
+    </ul>
+   <p>
+    The HTML interface is protected against CSRF but the text interface is not.
+    To maintain the CSRF protection:
+   </p>
+   <ul>
+    <li>Users with the <tt>admin-gui</tt> role should not be granted the
+       <tt>admin-script</tt> role.</li>
+    <li>If the text interface is accessed through a browser (e.g. for testing
+        since this interface is intended for tools not humans) then the browser
+        must be closed afterwards to terminate the session.</li>
+   </ul>
+ </body>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74e1e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+ <head>
+  <title>403 Access Denied</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  </style>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+   <h1>403 Access Denied</h1>
+   <p>
+    You are not authorized to view this page.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    By default the Host Manager is only accessible from a browser running on the
+    same machine as Tomcat. If you wish to modify this restriction, you'll need
+    to edit the Host Manager's <tt>context.xml</tt> file.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    If you have already configured the Host Manager application to allow access
+    and you have used your browsers back button, used a saved book-mark or
+    similar then you may have triggered the cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
+    protection that has been enabled for the HTML interface of the Host Manager
+    application. You will need to reset this protection by returning to the
+    <a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/html">main Host Manager page</a>.
+    Once you return to this page, you will be able to continue using the Host
+    Manager application's HTML interface normally. If you continue to see this
+    access denied message, check that you have the necessary permissions to
+    access this application.
+   </p>
+   <p> If you have not changed
+    any configuration files, please examine the file
+    <tt>conf/tomcat-users.xml</tt> in your installation. That
+    file must contain the credentials to let you use this webapp.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    For example, to add the <tt>admin-gui</tt> role to a user named
+    <tt>tomcat</tt> with a password of <tt>s3cret</tt>, add the following to the
+    config file listed above.
+   </p>
+<pre>
+&lt;role rolename="admin-gui"/&gt;
+&lt;user username="tomcat" password="s3cret" roles="admin-gui"/&gt;
+</pre>
+   <p>
+    Note that for Tomcat 7 onwards, the roles required to use the host manager
+    application were changed from the single <tt>admin</tt> role to the
+    following two roles. You will need to assign the role(s) required for
+    the functionality you wish to access.
+   </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><tt>admin-gui</tt> - allows access to the HTML GUI</li>
+      <li><tt>admin-script</tt> - allows access to the text interface</li>
+    </ul>
+   <p>
+    The HTML interface is protected against CSRF but the text interface is not.
+    To maintain the CSRF protection:
+   </p>
+   <ul>
+    <li>Users with the <tt>admin-gui</tt> role should not be granted the
+       <tt>admin-script</tt> role.</li>
+    <li>If the text interface is accessed through a browser (e.g. for testing
+        since this interface is intended for tools not humans) then the browser
+        must be closed afterwards to terminate the session.</li>
+   </ul>
+ </body>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/404.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/404.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1950b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/jsp/404.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page import="org.apache.tomcat.util.security.Escape" session="false"
+         trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+ <head>
+  <title>404 Not found</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  </style>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+   <h1>404 Not found</h1>
+   <p>
+    The page you tried to access
+    (<%=Escape.htmlElementContent((String) request.getAttribute(
+            "javax.servlet.error.request_uri"))%>)
+    does not exist.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    The Host Manager application has been re-structured for Tomcat 7 onwards and
+    some URLs have changed. All URLs used to access the Manager application
+    should now start with one of the following options:
+   </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><%=request.getContextPath()%>/html for the HTML GUI</li>
+      <li><%=request.getContextPath()%>/text for the text interface</li>
+    </ul>
+   <p>
+    Note that the URL for the text interface has changed from
+    &quot;<%=request.getContextPath()%>&quot; to
+    &quot;<%=request.getContextPath()%>/text&quot;.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    You probably need to adjust the URL you are using to access the Host Manager
+    application. However, there is always a chance you have found a bug in the
+    Host Manager application. If you are sure you have found a bug, and that the
+    bug has not already been reported, please report it to the Apache Tomcat
+    team.
+   </p>
+ </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/manager.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/manager.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a26dca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/manager.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!--
+
+    Context configuration file for the Tomcat Manager Web App
+
+-->
+<Context docBase="${catalina.home}/webapps/manager"
+         privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false" >
+  <CookieProcessor className="org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor"
+                   sameSiteCookies="strict" />
+  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
+  <Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
+</Context>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/web.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/web.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54d7d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/web.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
+                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
+  version="4.0"
+  metadata-complete="true">
+
+  <display-name>Tomcat Host Manager Application</display-name>
+  <description>
+    A scriptable host management web application for the Tomcat Web Server;
+    Manager lets you view, create and remove virtual hosts.
+  </description>
+
+  <request-character-encoding>UTF-8</request-character-encoding>
+
+  <servlet>
+    <servlet-name>HostManager</servlet-name>
+    <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.manager.host.HostManagerServlet</servlet-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>debug</param-name>
+      <param-value>2</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+  </servlet>
+  <servlet>
+    <servlet-name>HTMLHostManager</servlet-name>
+    <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.manager.host.HTMLHostManagerServlet</servlet-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>debug</param-name>
+      <param-value>2</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+  </servlet>
+
+  <filter>
+    <filter-name>CSRF</filter-name>
+    <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.CsrfPreventionFilter</filter-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>entryPoints</param-name>
+      <param-value>/html,/html/,/html/list,/index.jsp</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+  </filter>
+
+  <!-- Configured to set X-FRAME-OPTIONS. Disable HSTS in case it interferes -->
+  <!-- with an existing setting. Keep X-Content-Type-Options and             -->
+  <!-- X-XSS-Protection as they are page specific.                           -->
+  <filter>
+    <filter-name>HTTP header security filter</filter-name>
+    <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.HttpHeaderSecurityFilter</filter-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>hstsEnabled</param-name>
+      <param-value>false</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+  </filter>
+
+  <filter-mapping>
+    <filter-name>CSRF</filter-name>
+    <servlet-name>HTMLHostManager</servlet-name>
+  </filter-mapping>
+
+  <filter-mapping>
+    <filter-name>HTTP header security filter</filter-name>
+    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
+  </filter-mapping>
+
+  <!-- Define the Manager Servlet Mapping -->
+  <servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-name>HostManager</servlet-name>
+    <url-pattern>/text/*</url-pattern>
+  </servlet-mapping>
+  <servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-name>HTMLHostManager</servlet-name>
+    <url-pattern>/html/*</url-pattern>
+  </servlet-mapping>
+
+  <!-- Define a Security Constraint on this Application -->
+  <security-constraint>
+    <web-resource-collection>
+      <web-resource-name>HostManager commands</web-resource-name>
+      <url-pattern>/text/*</url-pattern>
+    </web-resource-collection>
+    <auth-constraint>
+       <!-- NOTE:  This role is not present in the default users file -->
+       <role-name>admin-script</role-name>
+    </auth-constraint>
+  </security-constraint>
+  <security-constraint>
+    <web-resource-collection>
+      <web-resource-name>HTMLHostManager commands</web-resource-name>
+      <url-pattern>/html/*</url-pattern>
+    </web-resource-collection>
+    <auth-constraint>
+       <!-- NOTE:  This role is not present in the default users file -->
+       <role-name>admin-gui</role-name>
+    </auth-constraint>
+  </security-constraint>
+
+  <!-- Define the Login Configuration for this Application -->
+  <login-config>
+    <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method>
+    <realm-name>Tomcat Host Manager Application</realm-name>
+  </login-config>
+
+  <!-- Security roles referenced by this web application -->
+  <security-role>
+    <description>
+      The role that is required to log in to the Host Manager Application HTML
+      interface
+    </description>
+    <role-name>admin-gui</role-name>
+  </security-role>
+  <security-role>
+    <description>
+      The role that is required to log in to the Host Manager Application text
+      interface
+    </description>
+    <role-name>admin-script</role-name>
+  </security-role>
+
+  <error-page>
+    <error-code>401</error-code>
+    <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/401.jsp</location>
+  </error-page>
+  <error-page>
+    <error-code>403</error-code>
+    <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp</location>
+  </error-page>
+  <error-page>
+    <error-code>404</error-code>
+    <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/404.jsp</location>
+  </error-page>
+
+</web-app>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/css/manager.css b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/css/manager.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b50738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/css/manager.css
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+body {
+    font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;
+}
+
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+b {
+    color           : white;
+    background-color: #525D76;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    font-size: 22px;
+}
+
+h2 {
+    font-size: 16px;
+}
+
+h3 {
+    font-size: 14px;
+}
+
+p {
+    font-size: 12px;
+}
+
+a {
+    color: black;
+}
+
+.line {
+    height          : 1px;
+    background-color: #525D76;
+    border          : none;
+}
+
+table {
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+td.page-title {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : white;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+td.title {
+    text-align    : left;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-style    : italic;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : #D2A41C;
+}
+
+td.header-left {
+    text-align    : left;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : #FFDC75;
+}
+
+td.header-center {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : #FFDC75;
+}
+
+td.row-left {
+    text-align    : left;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+td.row-center {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+td.row-right {
+    text-align    : right;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+TH {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : #FFDC75;
+}
+
+TD {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+form {
+    margin: 1;
+}
+
+form.inline {
+    display: inline;
+}
+
+img.tomcat-logo {
+    height: 92px;
+    float : left;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/images/asf-logo.svg b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/images/asf-logo.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e24cbe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/images/asf-logo.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!-- Generator: Adobe Illustrator 19.0.0, SVG Export Plug-In . SVG Version: 6.00 Build 0)  -->
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg version="1.1" id="Layer_2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"
+	 viewBox="0 0 7127.6 2890" enable-background="new 0 0 7127.6 2890" xml:space="preserve">
+<path fill="#6D6E71" d="M7104.7,847.8c15.3,15.3,22.9,33.7,22.9,55.2c0,21.5-7.6,39.9-22.9,55.4c-15.3,15.4-33.8,23.1-55.6,23.1
+	c-21.8,0-40.2-7.6-55.4-22.9c-15.1-15.3-22.7-33.7-22.7-55.2c0-21.5,7.6-39.9,22.9-55.4c15.3-15.4,33.7-23.1,55.4-23.1
+	C7070.9,824.9,7089.4,832.5,7104.7,847.8z M7098.1,951.9c13.3-13.6,20-29.8,20-48.7s-6.6-35-19.8-48.5
+	c-13.2-13.4-29.4-20.1-48.6-20.1c-19.2,0-35.4,6.7-48.7,20.2c-13.3,13.5-19.9,29.7-19.9,48.7c0,19,6.6,35.2,19.7,48.6
+	c13.1,13.4,29.3,20.1,48.5,20.1S7084.7,965.4,7098.1,951.9z M7087.1,888.1c0,14-6.1,22.8-18.4,26.4l22.5,30.5h-18.2l-20.3-28.3
+	h-18.6v28.3h-14.7v-84.6h31.8c12.8,0,22,2.2,27.6,6.6C7084.4,871.4,7087.1,878.4,7087.1,888.1z M7068.2,900c3-2.4,4.4-6.5,4.4-12
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+   x="246.20877"
+   y="10.629581"
+   id="text2436"
+   sodipodi:linespacing="125%"
+   transform="scale(0.9830254,1.0172677)"><svg:tspan
+     sodipodi:role="line"
+     id="tspan2438"
+     x="246.20877"
+     y="10.629581">TM</svg:tspan></svg:text>
+</svg:svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/index.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/index.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2806b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/host-manager/index.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<% response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/html"); %>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..120b7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
+  <CookieProcessor className="org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor"
+                   sameSiteCookies="strict" />
+  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
+         allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
+  <Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
+</Context>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/401.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/401.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84c9a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/401.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+ <head>
+  <title>401 Unauthorized</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  </style>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+   <h1>401 Unauthorized</h1>
+   <p>
+    You are not authorized to view this page. If you have not changed
+    any configuration files, please examine the file
+    <tt>conf/tomcat-users.xml</tt> in your installation. That
+    file must contain the credentials to let you use this webapp.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    For example, to add the <tt>manager-gui</tt> role to a user named
+    <tt>tomcat</tt> with a password of <tt>s3cret</tt>, add the following to the
+    config file listed above.
+   </p>
+<pre>
+&lt;role rolename="manager-gui"/&gt;
+&lt;user username="tomcat" password="s3cret" roles="manager-gui"/&gt;
+</pre>
+   <p>
+    Note that for Tomcat 7 onwards, the roles required to use the manager
+    application were changed from the single <tt>manager</tt> role to the
+    following four roles. You will need to assign the role(s) required for
+    the functionality you wish to access.
+   </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><tt>manager-gui</tt> - allows access to the HTML GUI and the status
+          pages</li>
+      <li><tt>manager-script</tt> - allows access to the text interface and the
+          status pages</li>
+      <li><tt>manager-jmx</tt> - allows access to the JMX proxy and the status
+          pages</li>
+      <li><tt>manager-status</tt> - allows access to the status pages only</li>
+    </ul>
+   <p>
+    The HTML interface is protected against CSRF but the text and JMX interfaces
+    are not. To maintain the CSRF protection:
+   </p>
+   <ul>
+    <li>Users with the <tt>manager-gui</tt> role should not be granted either
+        the <tt>manager-script</tt> or <tt>manager-jmx</tt> roles.</li>
+    <li>If the text or jmx interfaces are accessed through a browser (e.g. for
+        testing since these interfaces are intended for tools not humans) then
+        the browser must be closed afterwards to terminate the session.</li>
+   </ul>
+   <p>
+    For more information - please see the
+    <a href="/docs/manager-howto.html" rel="noopener noreferrer">Manager App How-To</a>.
+   </p>
+ </body>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4baa2f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+ <head>
+  <title>403 Access Denied</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  </style>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+   <h1>403 Access Denied</h1>
+   <p>
+    You are not authorized to view this page.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    By default the Manager is only accessible from a browser running on the
+    same machine as Tomcat. If you wish to modify this restriction, you'll need
+    to edit the Manager's <tt>context.xml</tt> file.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    If you have already configured the Manager application to allow access and
+    you have used your browsers back button, used a saved book-mark or similar
+    then you may have triggered the cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection
+    that has been enabled for the HTML interface of the Manager application. You
+    will need to reset this protection by returning to the
+    <a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/html">main Manager page</a>. Once you
+    return to this page, you will be able to continue using the Manager
+    application's HTML interface normally. If you continue to see this access
+    denied message, check that you have the necessary permissions to access this
+    application.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    If you have not changed
+    any configuration files, please examine the file
+    <tt>conf/tomcat-users.xml</tt> in your installation. That
+    file must contain the credentials to let you use this webapp.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    For example, to add the <tt>manager-gui</tt> role to a user named
+    <tt>tomcat</tt> with a password of <tt>s3cret</tt>, add the following to the
+    config file listed above.
+   </p>
+<pre>
+&lt;role rolename="manager-gui"/&gt;
+&lt;user username="tomcat" password="s3cret" roles="manager-gui"/&gt;
+</pre>
+   <p>
+    Note that for Tomcat 7 onwards, the roles required to use the manager
+    application were changed from the single <tt>manager</tt> role to the
+    following four roles. You will need to assign the role(s) required for
+    the functionality you wish to access.
+   </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><tt>manager-gui</tt> - allows access to the HTML GUI and the status
+          pages</li>
+      <li><tt>manager-script</tt> - allows access to the text interface and the
+          status pages</li>
+      <li><tt>manager-jmx</tt> - allows access to the JMX proxy and the status
+          pages</li>
+      <li><tt>manager-status</tt> - allows access to the status pages only</li>
+    </ul>
+   <p>
+    The HTML interface is protected against CSRF but the text and JMX interfaces
+    are not. To maintain the CSRF protection:
+   </p>
+   <ul>
+    <li>Users with the <tt>manager-gui</tt> role should not be granted either
+        the <tt>manager-script</tt> or <tt>manager-jmx</tt> roles.</li>
+    <li>If the text or jmx interfaces are accessed through a browser (e.g. for
+        testing since these interfaces are intended for tools not humans) then
+        the browser must be closed afterwards to terminate the session.</li>
+   </ul>
+   <p>
+    For more information - please see the
+    <a href="/docs/manager-howto.html" rel="noopener noreferrer">Manager App How-To</a>.
+   </p>
+ </body>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/404.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/404.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..111a800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/404.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page import="org.apache.tomcat.util.security.Escape" session="false"
+         trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+ <head>
+  <title>404 Not found</title>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    <!--
+    BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
+    H1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;}
+    PRE, TT {border: 1px dotted #525D76}
+    A {color : black;}A.name {color : black;}
+    -->
+  </style>
+ </head>
+ <body>
+   <h1>404 Not found</h1>
+   <p>
+    The page you tried to access
+    (<%=Escape.htmlElementContent((String) request.getAttribute(
+            "javax.servlet.error.request_uri"))%>)
+    does not exist.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    The Manager application has been re-structured for Tomcat 7 onwards and some
+    of URLs have changed. All URLs used to access the Manager application should
+    now start with one of the following options:
+   </p>
+    <ul>
+      <li><%=request.getContextPath()%>/html for the HTML GUI</li>
+      <li><%=request.getContextPath()%>/text for the text interface</li>
+      <li><%=request.getContextPath()%>/jmxproxy for the JMX proxy</li>
+      <li><%=request.getContextPath()%>/status for the status pages</li>
+    </ul>
+   <p>
+    Note that the URL for the text interface has changed from
+    &quot;<%=request.getContextPath()%>&quot; to
+    &quot;<%=request.getContextPath()%>/text&quot;.
+   </p>
+   <p>
+    You probably need to adjust the URL you are using to access the Manager
+    application. However, there is always a chance you have found a bug in the
+    Manager application. If you are sure you have found a bug, and that the bug
+    has not already been reported, please report it to the Apache Tomcat team.
+   </p>
+ </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorCerts.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorCerts.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74a6873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorCerts.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page session="false" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.Map" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.Map.Entry" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.List" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html
+     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<% Map<String,List<String>> certList = (Map<String,List<String>>) request.getAttribute("certList");
+%>
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
+    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/><!-- HTTP 1.0 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache,must-revalidate"/><!-- HTTP 1.1 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"/><!-- 0 is an invalid value and should be treated as 'now' -->
+    <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/>
+    <meta name="copyright" content="copyright 2005-2023 the Apache Software Foundation"/>
+    <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,noarchive"/>
+    <title>Configured certificate chains per Connector</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>Configured certificate chains per Connector</h1>
+
+<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
+    <thead>
+        <tr>
+            <th>Connector / TLS Virtual Host / Certificate type</th>
+            <th>Certificate chain</th>
+        </tr>
+    </thead>
+    <tbody>
+        <%
+        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : certList.entrySet()) {
+        %>
+        <tr>
+            <td><%=entry.getKey()%></td>
+            <td>
+            <%
+            for (String cert : entry.getValue()) {
+            %>
+                <pre><%=cert%></pre>
+            <%
+            }
+            %>
+            </td>
+        </tr>
+        <%
+        }
+        %>
+    </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<form method="get" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/html">
+  <p style="text-align: center;">
+    <input type="submit" value="Return to main page" />
+  </p>
+</form>
+
+<%--div style="display: none;">
+<p>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401"
+        alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" height="31" width="88"></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml11"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.1!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+</p>
+</div--%>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorCiphers.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorCiphers.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b424b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorCiphers.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page session="false" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.Map" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.Map.Entry" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.List" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html
+     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<% Map<String,List<String>> cipherList = (Map<String,List<String>>) request.getAttribute("cipherList");
+%>
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
+    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/><!-- HTTP 1.0 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache,must-revalidate"/><!-- HTTP 1.1 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"/><!-- 0 is an invalid value and should be treated as 'now' -->
+    <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/>
+    <meta name="copyright" content="copyright 2005-2023 the Apache Software Foundation"/>
+    <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,noarchive"/>
+    <title>Configured ciphers per Connector</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>Configured ciphers per Connector</h1>
+
+<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
+    <thead>
+        <tr>
+            <th>Connector / TLS Virtual Host</th>
+            <th>Enabled Ciphers</th>
+        </tr>
+    </thead>
+    <tbody>
+        <%
+        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : cipherList.entrySet()) {
+        %>
+        <tr>
+            <td><%=entry.getKey()%></td>
+            <td>
+            <%
+            for (String cipher : entry.getValue()) {
+            %>
+                <p><%=cipher%></p>
+            <%
+            }
+            %>
+            </td>
+        </tr>
+        <%
+        }
+        %>
+    </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<form method="get" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/html">
+  <p style="text-align: center;">
+    <input type="submit" value="Return to main page" />
+  </p>
+</form>
+
+<%--div style="display: none;">
+<p>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401"
+        alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" height="31" width="88"></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml11"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.1!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+</p>
+</div--%>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorTrustedCerts.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorTrustedCerts.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d90b275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/connectorTrustedCerts.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page session="false" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.Map" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.Map.Entry" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.List" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html
+     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<% Map<String,List<String>> trustedCertList = (Map<String,List<String>>) request.getAttribute("trustedCertList");
+%>
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
+    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/><!-- HTTP 1.0 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache,must-revalidate"/><!-- HTTP 1.1 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"/><!-- 0 is an invalid value and should be treated as 'now' -->
+    <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/>
+    <meta name="copyright" content="copyright 2005-2023 the Apache Software Foundation"/>
+    <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,noarchive"/>
+    <title>Trusted certificates per Connector</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>Trusted certificates per Connector</h1>
+
+<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
+    <thead>
+        <tr>
+            <th>Connector / TLS Virtual Host</th>
+            <th>Trusted Certificates</th>
+        </tr>
+    </thead>
+    <tbody>
+        <%
+        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : trustedCertList.entrySet()) {
+        %>
+        <tr>
+            <td><%=entry.getKey()%></td>
+            <td>
+            <%
+            for (String cert : entry.getValue()) {
+            %>
+                <pre><%=cert%></pre>
+            <%
+            }
+            %>
+            </td>
+        </tr>
+        <%
+        }
+        %>
+    </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<form method="get" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/html">
+  <p style="text-align: center;">
+    <input type="submit" value="Return to main page" />
+  </p>
+</form>
+
+<%--div style="display: none;">
+<p>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401"
+        alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" height="31" width="88"></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml11"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.1!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+</p>
+</div--%>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/sessionDetail.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/sessionDetail.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fabe94a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/sessionDetail.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page session="false" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.Enumeration" %>
+<%@page import="javax.servlet.http.HttpSession" %>
+<%@page import="org.apache.catalina.Session" %>
+<%@page import="org.apache.catalina.manager.JspHelper" %>
+<%@page import="org.apache.catalina.util.ContextName" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html
+     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<%--!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"--%>
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<% String path = (String) request.getAttribute("path");
+   String version = (String) request.getAttribute("version");
+   ContextName cn = new ContextName(path, version);
+   Session currentSession = (Session)request.getAttribute("currentSession");
+   String currentSessionId = null;
+   HttpSession currentHttpSession = null;
+   if (currentSession != null) {
+       currentHttpSession = currentSession.getSession();
+       currentSessionId = JspHelper.escapeXml(currentSession.getId());
+   } else {
+       currentSessionId = "Session invalidated";
+   }
+   String submitUrl = JspHelper.escapeXml(response.encodeURL(
+           ((HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest()).getRequestURI() +
+           "?path=" + path + "&version=" + version));
+%>
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
+    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/><!-- HTTP 1.0 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache,must-revalidate"/><!-- HTTP 1.1 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"/><!-- 0 is an invalid value and should be treated as 'now' -->
+    <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/>
+    <meta name="author" content="Cedrik LIME"/>
+    <meta name="copyright" content="copyright 2005-2023 the Apache Software Foundation"/>
+    <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,noarchive"/>
+    <title>Sessions Administration: details for <%= currentSessionId %></title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<% if (currentHttpSession == null) { %>
+   <h1><%=currentSessionId%></h1>
+<% } else { %>
+   <h1>Details for Session <%= currentSessionId %></h1>
+
+   <table style="text-align: left;" border="0">
+     <tr>
+       <th>Session Id</th>
+       <td><%= currentSessionId %></td>
+     </tr>
+     <tr>
+       <th>Guessed Locale</th>
+       <td><%= JspHelper.guessDisplayLocaleFromSession(currentSession) %></td>
+     </tr>
+     <tr>
+       <th>Guessed User</th>
+       <td><%= JspHelper.guessDisplayUserFromSession(currentSession) %></td>
+     </tr>
+     <tr>
+       <th>Creation Time</th>
+       <td><%= JspHelper.getDisplayCreationTimeForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+     </tr>
+     <tr>
+       <th>Last Accessed Time</th>
+       <td><%= JspHelper.getDisplayLastAccessedTimeForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+     </tr>
+     <tr>
+       <th>Session Max Inactive Interval</th>
+       <td><%= JspHelper.secondsToTimeString(currentSession.getMaxInactiveInterval()) %></td>
+     </tr>
+     <tr>
+       <th>Used Time</th>
+       <td><%= JspHelper.getDisplayUsedTimeForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+     </tr>
+     <tr>
+       <th>Inactive Time</th>
+       <td><%= JspHelper.getDisplayInactiveTimeForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+     </tr>
+     <tr>
+       <th>TTL</th>
+       <td><%= JspHelper.getDisplayTTLForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+     </tr>
+   </table>
+
+   <form method="post" action="<%= submitUrl %>">
+     <div>
+       <input type="hidden" name="sessionId" value="<%= currentSessionId %>" />
+       <input type="hidden" name="action" value="sessionDetail" />
+       <%
+       if ("Primary".equals(request.getParameter("sessionType"))) {
+       %>
+         <input type="hidden" name="sessionType" value="Primary" />
+       <%
+       }
+       %>    <input type="submit" value="Refresh" />
+     </div>
+   </form>
+
+   <div class="error"><%= JspHelper.escapeXml(request.getAttribute("error")) %></div>
+   <div class="message"><%= JspHelper.escapeXml(request.getAttribute("message")) %></div>
+
+   <table style="text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
+   <% int nAttributes = 0;
+      Enumeration<String> attributeNamesEnumeration = currentHttpSession.getAttributeNames();
+      while (attributeNamesEnumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
+          attributeNamesEnumeration.nextElement();
+          ++nAttributes;
+      }
+   %>
+       <caption style="font-variant: small-caps;"><%= JspHelper.formatNumber(nAttributes) %> attributes</caption>
+       <thead>
+           <tr>
+               <th>Remove Attribute</th>
+               <th>Attribute name</th>
+               <th>Attribute value</th>
+           </tr>
+       </thead>
+       <%--tfoot>
+           <tr>
+               <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">
+                   TODO: set Max Inactive Interval on sessions
+               </td>
+           </tr>
+       </tfoot--%>
+       <tbody>
+   <% attributeNamesEnumeration = currentHttpSession.getAttributeNames();
+      while (attributeNamesEnumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
+          String attributeName = attributeNamesEnumeration.nextElement();
+   %>
+           <tr>
+               <td align="center">
+                   <form method="post" action="<%= submitUrl %>">
+                       <div>
+                           <input type="hidden" name="action" value="removeSessionAttribute" />
+                           <input type="hidden" name="sessionId" value="<%= currentSessionId %>" />
+                           <input type="hidden" name="attributeName" value="<%= JspHelper.escapeXml(attributeName) %>" />
+                           <%
+                             if ("Primary".equals(request.getParameter("sessionType"))) {
+                           %>
+                             <input type="submit" value="Remove" />
+                             <input type="hidden" name="sessionType" value="Primary" />
+                           <%
+                             } else {
+                               out.print("Primary sessions only");
+                             }
+                           %>
+                       </div>
+                   </form>
+               </td>
+               <td><%= JspHelper.escapeXml(attributeName) %></td>
+               <td><% Object attributeValue = currentHttpSession.getAttribute(attributeName); %><span title="<%= attributeValue == null ? "" : attributeValue.getClass().toString() %>"><%= JspHelper.escapeXml(attributeValue) %></span></td>
+           </tr>
+   <% } // end while %>
+       </tbody>
+   </table>
+<% } // endif%>
+
+<form method="post" action="<%=submitUrl%>">
+  <p style="text-align: center;">
+    <input type="submit" value="Return to session list" />
+  </p>
+</form>
+
+<%--div style="display: none;">
+<p>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401"
+        alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" height="31" width="88"></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml11"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.1!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+</p>
+</div--%>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/sessionsList.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/sessionsList.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e64e31f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/sessionsList.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<%--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@page session="false" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" %>
+<%@page import="java.util.Collection" %>
+<%@page import="org.apache.catalina.manager.JspHelper" %>
+<%@page import="org.apache.catalina.Session" %>
+<%@page import="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaSession" %>
+<%@page import="org.apache.catalina.util.ContextName" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html
+     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+
+
+<%@page import="org.apache.catalina.manager.DummyProxySession"%><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<% String path = (String) request.getAttribute("path");
+   String version = (String) request.getAttribute("version");
+   ContextName cn = new ContextName(path, version);
+   String submitUrl = JspHelper.escapeXml(response.encodeURL(
+           ((HttpServletRequest) pageContext.getRequest()).getRequestURI() +
+           "?path=" + path + "&version=" + version));
+   Collection<Session> activeSessions = (Collection<Session>) request.getAttribute("activeSessions");
+%>
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/>
+    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/><!-- HTTP 1.0 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache,must-revalidate"/><!-- HTTP 1.1 -->
+    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"/><!-- 0 is an invalid value and should be treated as 'now' -->
+    <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"/>
+    <meta name="author" content="Cedrik LIME"/>
+    <meta name="copyright" content="copyright 2005-2023 the Apache Software Foundation"/>
+    <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,noarchive"/>
+    <title>Sessions Administration for <%= JspHelper.escapeXml(cn.getDisplayName()) %></title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>Sessions Administration for <%= JspHelper.escapeXml(cn.getDisplayName()) %></h1>
+
+<p>Tips:</p>
+<ul>
+    <li>Click on a column to sort.</li>
+    <li>To view a session details and/or remove a session attributes, click on its id.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="error"><%= JspHelper.escapeXml(request.getAttribute("error")) %></div>
+<div class="message"><%= JspHelper.escapeXml(request.getAttribute("message")) %></div>
+
+<form action="<%= submitUrl %>" method="post" id="sessionsForm">
+    <fieldset><legend>Active HttpSessions information</legend>
+        <input type="hidden" name="action" id="sessionsFormAction" value="injectSessions"/>
+        <input type="hidden" name="sort" id="sessionsFormSort" value="<%= JspHelper.escapeXml(request.getAttribute("sort")) %>"/>
+        <% String order = (String) request.getAttribute("order");
+           if (order == null || "".equals(order)) {
+               order = "ASC";
+           }
+        %>
+        <input type="hidden" name="order" id="sessionsFormSortOrder" value="<%= JspHelper.escapeXml(order) %>"/>
+        <input type="submit" name="refresh" id="refreshButton" value="Refresh Sessions list" onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormAction').value='refreshSessions'; return true;"/>
+        <%= JspHelper.formatNumber(activeSessions.size()) %> active Sessions<br/>
+        <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
+            <thead>
+                <tr>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='id'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Session Id</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='id'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Type</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='locale'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Guessed Locale</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='user'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Guessed User name</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='CreationTime'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Creation Time</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='LastAccessedTime'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Last Accessed Time</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='UsedTime'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Used Time</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='InactiveTime'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Inactive Time</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='TTL'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;"><span title="Time To Live">TTL</span></a></th>
+                </tr>
+            </thead>
+            <% if (activeSessions.size() > 10) { %>
+            <tfoot><%-- <tfoot> is the same as <thead> --%>
+                <tr>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='id'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Session Id</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='id'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Type</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='locale'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Guessed Locale</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='user'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Guessed User name</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='CreationTime'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Creation Time</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='LastAccessedTime'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Last Accessed Time</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='UsedTime'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Used Time</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='InactiveTime'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;">Inactive Time</a></th>
+                    <th><a onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormSort').value='TTL'; document.getElementById('refreshButton').click(); return true;"><span title="Time To Live">TTL</span></a></th>
+                </tr>
+            </tfoot>
+            <% } // end if %>
+            <tbody>
+<%
+    for (Session currentSession : activeSessions) {
+       String currentSessionId = JspHelper.escapeXml(currentSession.getId());
+       String type;
+       if (currentSession instanceof DeltaSession) {
+           if (((DeltaSession) currentSession).isPrimarySession()) {
+               type = "Primary";
+           } else {
+               type = "Backup";
+           }
+       } else if (currentSession instanceof DummyProxySession) {
+           type = "Proxy";
+       } else {
+           type = "Primary";
+       }
+%>
+                <tr>
+                    <td><input type="checkbox" name="sessionIds" value="<%= currentSessionId %>" />
+                      <%
+                        if ("Proxy".equals(type)) {
+                            out.print(currentSessionId);
+                        } else {
+                      %>
+                      <a href="<%= submitUrl %>&amp;action=sessionDetail&amp;sessionId=<%= currentSessionId %>&amp;sessionType=<%= type %>"><%= currentSessionId %></a>
+                      <%
+                        }
+                      %>
+                    </td>
+                    <td style="text-align: center;"><%= type %></td>
+                    <td style="text-align: center;"><%= JspHelper.guessDisplayLocaleFromSession(currentSession) %></td>
+                    <td style="text-align: center;"><%= JspHelper.guessDisplayUserFromSession(currentSession) %></td>
+                    <td style="text-align: center;"><%= JspHelper.getDisplayCreationTimeForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+                    <td style="text-align: center;"><%= JspHelper.getDisplayLastAccessedTimeForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+                    <td style="text-align: center;"><%= JspHelper.getDisplayUsedTimeForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+                    <td style="text-align: center;"><%= JspHelper.getDisplayInactiveTimeForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+                    <td style="text-align: center;"><%= JspHelper.getDisplayTTLForSession(currentSession) %></td>
+                </tr>
+<% } // end while %>
+            </tbody>
+        </table>
+        <p style="text-align: center;">
+            <input type="submit" name="invalidate" value="Invalidate selected Sessions" onclick="document.getElementById('sessionsFormAction').value='invalidateSessions'; return true;"/>
+        </p>
+    </fieldset>
+</form>
+
+<form method="get" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/html">
+  <p style="text-align: center;">
+    <input type="submit" value="Return to main page" />
+  </p>
+</form>
+
+<%--div style="display: none;">
+<p>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401"
+        alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" height="31" width="88"></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.0!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
+        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml11"
+        alt="Valid XHTML 1.1!" height="31" width="88" /></a>
+</p>
+</div--%>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/web.xml b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/web.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac70577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/web.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
+  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+  xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
+                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
+  version="4.0"
+  metadata-complete="true">
+
+  <display-name>Tomcat Manager Application</display-name>
+  <description>
+    A scriptable management web application for the Tomcat Web Server;
+    Manager lets you view, load/unload/etc particular web applications.
+  </description>
+
+  <request-character-encoding>UTF-8</request-character-encoding>
+
+  <servlet>
+    <servlet-name>Manager</servlet-name>
+    <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet</servlet-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>debug</param-name>
+      <param-value>2</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+  </servlet>
+  <servlet>
+    <servlet-name>HTMLManager</servlet-name>
+    <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.manager.HTMLManagerServlet</servlet-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>debug</param-name>
+      <param-value>2</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+    <!-- Uncomment this to show proxy sessions from the Backup manager or a
+         StoreManager in the sessions list for an application
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>showProxySessions</param-name>
+      <param-value>true</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+    -->
+    <multipart-config>
+      <!-- 50MB max -->
+      <max-file-size>52428800</max-file-size>
+      <max-request-size>52428800</max-request-size>
+      <file-size-threshold>0</file-size-threshold>
+    </multipart-config>
+  </servlet>
+  <servlet>
+    <servlet-name>Status</servlet-name>
+    <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.manager.StatusManagerServlet</servlet-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>debug</param-name>
+      <param-value>0</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+  </servlet>
+
+  <servlet>
+    <servlet-name>JMXProxy</servlet-name>
+    <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.manager.JMXProxyServlet</servlet-class>
+  </servlet>
+
+  <!-- Define the Manager Servlet Mapping -->
+  <servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-name>Manager</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/text/*</url-pattern>
+  </servlet-mapping>
+  <servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-name>Status</servlet-name>
+    <url-pattern>/status/*</url-pattern>
+  </servlet-mapping>
+  <servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-name>JMXProxy</servlet-name>
+      <url-pattern>/jmxproxy/*</url-pattern>
+  </servlet-mapping>
+  <servlet-mapping>
+    <servlet-name>HTMLManager</servlet-name>
+    <url-pattern>/html/*</url-pattern>
+  </servlet-mapping>
+
+  <filter>
+    <filter-name>CSRF</filter-name>
+    <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.CsrfPreventionFilter</filter-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>entryPoints</param-name>
+      <param-value>/html,/html/,/html/list,/index.jsp</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+  </filter>
+
+  <!-- Configured to set X-FRAME-OPTIONS. Disable HSTS in case it interferes -->
+  <!-- with an existing setting. Keep X-Content-Type-Options and             -->
+  <!-- X-XSS-Protection as they are page specific.                           -->
+  <filter>
+    <filter-name>HTTP header security filter</filter-name>
+    <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.HttpHeaderSecurityFilter</filter-class>
+    <init-param>
+      <param-name>hstsEnabled</param-name>
+      <param-value>false</param-value>
+    </init-param>
+  </filter>
+
+  <filter-mapping>
+    <filter-name>CSRF</filter-name>
+    <servlet-name>HTMLManager</servlet-name>
+  </filter-mapping>
+
+  <filter-mapping>
+    <filter-name>HTTP header security filter</filter-name>
+    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
+  </filter-mapping>
+
+  <!-- Define a Security Constraint on this Application -->
+  <!-- NOTE:  None of these roles are present in the default users file -->
+  <security-constraint>
+    <web-resource-collection>
+      <web-resource-name>HTML Manager interface (for humans)</web-resource-name>
+      <url-pattern>/html/*</url-pattern>
+    </web-resource-collection>
+    <auth-constraint>
+       <role-name>manager-gui</role-name>
+    </auth-constraint>
+  </security-constraint>
+  <security-constraint>
+    <web-resource-collection>
+      <web-resource-name>Text Manager interface (for scripts)</web-resource-name>
+      <url-pattern>/text/*</url-pattern>
+    </web-resource-collection>
+    <auth-constraint>
+       <role-name>manager-script</role-name>
+    </auth-constraint>
+  </security-constraint>
+  <security-constraint>
+    <web-resource-collection>
+      <web-resource-name>JMX Proxy interface</web-resource-name>
+      <url-pattern>/jmxproxy/*</url-pattern>
+    </web-resource-collection>
+    <auth-constraint>
+       <role-name>manager-jmx</role-name>
+    </auth-constraint>
+  </security-constraint>
+  <security-constraint>
+    <web-resource-collection>
+      <web-resource-name>Status interface</web-resource-name>
+      <url-pattern>/status/*</url-pattern>
+    </web-resource-collection>
+    <auth-constraint>
+       <role-name>manager-gui</role-name>
+       <role-name>manager-script</role-name>
+       <role-name>manager-jmx</role-name>
+       <role-name>manager-status</role-name>
+    </auth-constraint>
+  </security-constraint>
+
+  <!-- Define the Login Configuration for this Application -->
+  <login-config>
+    <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method>
+    <realm-name>Tomcat Manager Application</realm-name>
+  </login-config>
+
+  <!-- Security roles referenced by this web application -->
+  <security-role>
+    <description>
+      The role that is required to access the HTML Manager pages
+    </description>
+    <role-name>manager-gui</role-name>
+  </security-role>
+  <security-role>
+    <description>
+      The role that is required to access the text Manager pages
+    </description>
+    <role-name>manager-script</role-name>
+  </security-role>
+  <security-role>
+    <description>
+      The role that is required to access the HTML JMX Proxy
+    </description>
+    <role-name>manager-jmx</role-name>
+  </security-role>
+  <security-role>
+    <description>
+      The role that is required to access to the Manager Status pages
+    </description>
+    <role-name>manager-status</role-name>
+  </security-role>
+
+  <error-page>
+    <error-code>401</error-code>
+    <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/401.jsp</location>
+  </error-page>
+  <error-page>
+    <error-code>403</error-code>
+    <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp</location>
+  </error-page>
+  <error-page>
+    <error-code>404</error-code>
+    <location>/WEB-INF/jsp/404.jsp</location>
+  </error-page>
+
+</web-app>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/css/manager.css b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/css/manager.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b50738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/css/manager.css
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+body {
+    font-family: Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;
+}
+
+h1,
+h2,
+h3,
+b {
+    color           : white;
+    background-color: #525D76;
+}
+
+h1 {
+    font-size: 22px;
+}
+
+h2 {
+    font-size: 16px;
+}
+
+h3 {
+    font-size: 14px;
+}
+
+p {
+    font-size: 12px;
+}
+
+a {
+    color: black;
+}
+
+.line {
+    height          : 1px;
+    background-color: #525D76;
+    border          : none;
+}
+
+table {
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+td.page-title {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : white;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+td.title {
+    text-align    : left;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-style    : italic;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : #D2A41C;
+}
+
+td.header-left {
+    text-align    : left;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : #FFDC75;
+}
+
+td.header-center {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : #FFDC75;
+}
+
+td.row-left {
+    text-align    : left;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+td.row-center {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+td.row-right {
+    text-align    : right;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+TH {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    font-weight   : bold;
+    background    : #FFDC75;
+}
+
+TD {
+    text-align    : center;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    font-family   : sans-serif, Tahoma, Arial;
+    color         : black;
+}
+
+form {
+    margin: 1;
+}
+
+form.inline {
+    display: inline;
+}
+
+img.tomcat-logo {
+    height: 92px;
+    float : left;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/images/asf-logo.svg b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/images/asf-logo.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e24cbe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/images/asf-logo.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<!-- Generator: Adobe Illustrator 19.0.0, SVG Export Plug-In . SVG Version: 6.00 Build 0)  -->
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg version="1.1" id="Layer_2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"
+	 viewBox="0 0 7127.6 2890" enable-background="new 0 0 7127.6 2890" xml:space="preserve">
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+   x="246.20877"
+   y="10.629581"
+   id="text2436"
+   sodipodi:linespacing="125%"
+   transform="scale(0.9830254,1.0172677)"><svg:tspan
+     sodipodi:role="line"
+     id="tspan2438"
+     x="246.20877"
+     y="10.629581">TM</svg:tspan></svg:text>
+</svg:svg>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/index.jsp b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/index.jsp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2806b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/index.jsp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<%--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+--%>
+<%@ page session="false" trimDirectiveWhitespaces="true" %>
+<% response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/html"); %>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/status.xsd b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/status.xsd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5af979d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/status.xsd
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified">
+    <xs:element name="status">
+        <xs:complexType>
+            <xs:sequence>
+                <xs:element name="jvm" type="jvm"/>
+                <xs:element name="connector" type="connector" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+            </xs:sequence>
+        </xs:complexType>
+    </xs:element>
+    <xs:complexType name="connector">
+        <xs:sequence>
+            <xs:element name="threadInfo" type="threadInfo"/>
+            <xs:element name="requestInfo" type="requestInfo"/>
+            <xs:element name="workers" type="workers"/>
+        </xs:sequence>
+        <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+    </xs:complexType>
+    <xs:complexType name="jvm">
+        <xs:sequence>
+            <xs:element name="memory" type="memory"/>
+            <xs:element name="memorypool" type="memorypool" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+        </xs:sequence>
+    </xs:complexType>
+    <xs:complexType name="memory">
+        <xs:attribute name="free" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="total" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="max" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+    </xs:complexType>
+    <xs:complexType name="memorypool">
+        <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="type" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="usageInit" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="usageCommitted" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="usageMax" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="usageUsed" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+    </xs:complexType>
+    <xs:complexType name="requestInfo">
+        <xs:attribute name="maxTime" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="processingTime" type="xs:int" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="requestCount" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="errorCount" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="bytesReceived" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="bytesSent" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+    </xs:complexType>
+    <xs:complexType name="threadInfo">
+        <xs:attribute name="maxThreads" type="xs:int" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="currentThreadCount" type="xs:int" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="currentThreadsBusy" type="xs:int" use="required"/>
+    </xs:complexType>
+    <xs:complexType name="worker">
+        <xs:attribute name="stage" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="requestProcessingTime" type="xs:int" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="requestBytesSent" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="requestBytesReceived" type="xs:long" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="remoteAddr" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="virtualHost" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="method" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="currentUri" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="currentQueryString" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+        <xs:attribute name="protocol" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
+    </xs:complexType>
+    <xs:complexType name="workers">
+        <xs:sequence>
+            <xs:element name="worker" type="worker" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
+        </xs:sequence>
+    </xs:complexType>
+</xs:schema>
diff --git a/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/xform.xsl b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/xform.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f0753f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apache-tomcat-9.0.75/webapps/manager/xform.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
+  version="1.0">
+
+  <!-- Output method -->
+  <xsl:output encoding="iso-8859-1"
+              indent="no"/>
+
+  <xsl:template match="status">
+    <html lang="en">
+      <head>
+        <title>Tomcat Status</title>
+        <style>
+            body, table, tr, td, a, div, span {
+              vertical-align: top;
+            }
+        </style>
+      </head>
+      <body>
+        <div style='font-size:20px;'>Tomcat Status</div>
+
+        <xsl:apply-templates select="jvm"/>
+        <xsl:apply-templates select="connector"/>
+      </body>
+    </html>
+  </xsl:template>
+
+  <xsl:template match="jvm">
+   <xsl:apply-templates select="memory"/>
+   <b>Memory Pools</b><br />
+   <xsl:apply-templates select="memorypool"/>
+   <hr />
+  </xsl:template>
+
+  <xsl:template match="memory">
+    <table>
+        <tr>
+          <td><b>JVM:</b></td>
+          <td><b>free:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@free"/></td>
+          <td><b>total:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@total"/></td>
+          <td><b>max:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@max"/></td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr />
+  </xsl:template>
+
+  <xsl:template match="memorypool">
+    <table>
+        <tr>
+          <td><b>Name:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@name"/></td>
+          <td><b>Type:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@type"/></td>
+          <td><b>Initial:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@usageInit"/></td>
+          <td><b>Committed:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@usageCommitted"/></td>
+          <td><b>Maximum:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@usageMax"/></td>
+          <td><b>Used:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@usageUsed"/></td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+  </xsl:template>
+
+  <xsl:template match="connector">
+     <b>Connector -- </b> <xsl:value-of select="@name"/><br />
+
+      <xsl:apply-templates select="threadInfo"/>
+      <xsl:apply-templates select="requestInfo"/>
+      <xsl:apply-templates select="workers"/>
+  </xsl:template>
+
+  <xsl:template match="threadInfo">
+    <table>
+        <tr>
+          <td><b>threadInfo</b></td>
+          <td><b>maxThreads:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@maxThreads"/></td>
+          <td><b>currentThreadCount:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@currentThreadCount"/></td>
+          <td><b>currentThreadsBusy:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@currentThreadsBusy"/></td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr />
+  </xsl:template>
+
+  <xsl:template match="requestInfo">
+    <table>
+        <tr>
+          <td><b>requestInfo </b></td>
+          <td><b>maxTime:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@maxTime"/></td>
+          <td><b>processingTime:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@processingTime"/></td>
+          <td><b>requestCount:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@requestCount"/></td>
+          <td><b>errorCount:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@errorCount"/></td>
+          <td><b>bytesReceived:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@bytesReceived"/></td>
+          <td><b>bytesSent:</b> <xsl:value-of select="@bytesSent"/></td>
+        </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr />
+  </xsl:template>
+
+  <xsl:template match="workers">
+    <table>
+        <tr>
+          <th>Stage</th>
+          <th>Time</th>
+          <th>B Sent</th>
+          <th>B Recv</th>
+          <th>Client</th>
+          <th>VHost</th>
+          <th>Request</th>
+        </tr>
+        <xsl:apply-templates select="worker"/>
+    </table>
+    <hr />
+  </xsl:template>
+
+  <xsl:template match="worker">
+    <tr>
+      <td><xsl:value-of select="@stage"/></td>
+      <td><xsl:value-of select="@requestProcessingTime"/></td>
+      <td><xsl:value-of select="@requestBytesSent"/></td>
+      <td><xsl:value-of select="@requestBytesReceived"/></td>
+      <td><xsl:value-of select="@remoteAddr"/></td>
+      <td><xsl:value-of select="@virtualHost"/></td>
+      <td><xsl:value-of select="@method"/> <xsl:value-of select="@currentUri"/>?<xsl:value-of select="@currentQueryString"/> <xsl:value-of select="@protocol"/></td>
+    </tr>
+  </xsl:template>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/build/release.sh b/build/release.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5c25f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/release.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# error out if any statements fail
+set -e
+
+MAIN="2.24"
+
+function usage() {
+  echo "$0 <mode> <version> [<build>]"
+  echo ""
+  echo " mode : The mode. Choose one of 'build', 'publish' or 'buildandpublish'"
+  echo " version : The released version to build an docker image for (eg: 2.23.1, ${MAIN}-SNAPSHOT, ${MAIN}-RC)"
+  echo " build : Build number (optional)"
+}
+
+if [ -z $1 ] || [ -z $2 ] || [[ $1 != "build" && $1 != "publish" && $1 != "buildandpublish" ]]; then
+  usage
+  exit
+fi
+
+VERSION=$2
+echo "build: $3"
+if [ -z $3 ]; then
+  BUILD='local'
+else
+  BUILD=$3
+fi
+
+if [[ "$VERSION" == *"-RC"* ]]; then
+  	# release candidate branch release
+  	BRANCH="${VERSION:0:4}-RC"
+  	TAG=geoserver-docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:$BRANCH
+else
+  if [[ "${VERSION:0:4}" == "$MAIN" ]]; then
+    # main branch snapshot release
+    BRANCH=main
+    TAG=geoserver-docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:$MAIN.x
+  else
+    if [[ "$VERSION" == *"-SNAPSHOT"* ]]; then
+  	# stable or maintenance branch snapshot release
+  	BRANCH="${VERSION:0:4}.x"
+  	TAG=geoserver-docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:$BRANCH
+    else
+  	BRANCH="${VERSION:0:4}.x"
+  	TAG=geoserver-docker.osgeo.org/geoserver:$VERSION
+    fi
+  fi
+fi
+
+echo "Release from branch $BRANCH GeoServer $VERSION as $TAG" 
+
+# Go up one level to the Dockerfile
+cd ".."
+
+if [[ $1 == *build* ]]; then
+  echo "Building GeoServer Docker Image..."
+  if [[ "$VERSION" == *"-SNAPSHOT"* ]]; then
+    echo "  nightly build from https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/$BRANCH"
+    echo
+    if [[ "$BRANCH" == "main" ]]; then
+      echo "docker build --build-arg GS_VERSION=$VERSION --build-arg GS_BUILD=$BUILD -t $TAG ."
+      # todo: --no-cache-filter download,install
+      docker build \
+        --build-arg WAR_ZIP_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/geoserver-main-latest-war.zip \
+        --build-arg STABLE_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/ext-latest/ \
+        --build-arg COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/main/community-latest/ \
+        --build-arg GS_VERSION=$VERSION \
+        --build-arg GS_BUILD=$BUILD \
+        -t $TAG .
+    else
+      echo "docker build --build-arg GS_VERSION=$VERSION --build-arg GS_BUILD=$BUILD -t $TAG ."
+      docker build \
+        --build-arg WAR_ZIP_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/$BRANCH/geoserver-$BRANCH-latest-war.zip \
+        --build-arg STABLE_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/$BRANCH/ext-latest/ \
+        --build-arg COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL=https://build.geoserver.org/geoserver/$BRANCH/community-latest/ \
+        --build-arg GS_VERSION=$VERSION \
+        --build-arg GS_BUILD=$BUILD \
+        -t $TAG .
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "docker build --build-arg GS_VERSION=$VERSION --build-arg GS_BUILD=$BUILD -t $TAG ."
+    docker build \
+      --build-arg GS_VERSION=$VERSION \
+      --build-arg GS_BUILD=$BUILD \
+      -t $TAG .
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [[ $1 == *"publish"* ]]; then
+  echo "Publishing GeoServer Docker Image..."
+  echo $DOCKERPASSWORD | docker login -u $DOCKERUSER --password-stdin geoserver-docker.osgeo.org
+  echo "docker push $TAG"
+  docker push $TAG
+fi
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da70952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+version: '3'
+services:
+  geoserver:
+    build:
+      context: .
+      args:
+        - GEOSERVER_VERSION=2.22.0
+        - CORS_ENABLED=true
+        - CORS_ALLOWED_METHODS=GET,POST,PUT,HEAD,OPTIONS
+    ports:
+      - 3333:3333
+    environment:
+      - INSTALL_EXTENSIONS=true
+      - STABLE_EXTENSIONS=wps,csw
+      - EXTRA_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1G -Xmx2G
+    volumes:
+      - ./geoserver_data:/opt/geoserver_data/:Z
+      - ./additional_libs:/opt/additional_libs:Z
+      - ./maps:/home/maps
diff --git a/geoserver_data/.gitignore b/geoserver_data/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c146050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/geoserver_data/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Ignore everything in this directory
+*
+*/
+# Except this file
+!.gitignore
+
diff --git a/install-extensions.sh b/install-extensions.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fea456b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/install-extensions.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Inspired by https://github.com/kartoza/docker-geoserver
+
+function download_extension() {
+  URL=$1
+  EXTENSION=$2
+  DOWNLOAD_FILE="${ADDITIONAL_LIBS_DIR}geoserver-${GEOSERVER_VERSION}-${EXTENSION}-plugin.zip"
+
+  if [ -e "$DOWNLOAD_FILE" ]; then
+      echo "$DOWNLOAD_FILE already exists. Skipping download."
+  else
+    if curl --output /dev/null --silent --head --fail "${URL}"; then
+        echo -e "\nDownloading ${EXTENSION} extension from ${URL} to ${DOWNLOAD_FILE}"
+        wget --progress=bar:force:noscroll -c --no-check-certificate "${URL}" -O ${DOWNLOAD_FILE}
+      else
+        echo "URL does not exist: ${URL}"
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+# Download stable plugins only if INSTALL_EXTENSIONS is true
+if [ "$INSTALL_EXTENSIONS" = "true" ]; then
+  echo "Starting download of extensions"
+  if [ ! -d "$ADDITIONAL_LIBS_DIR" ]; then
+    mkdir -p $ADDITIONAL_LIBS_DIR
+  fi
+  for EXTENSION in $(echo "${STABLE_EXTENSIONS}" | tr ',' ' '); do
+    URL="${STABLE_PLUGIN_URL}/geoserver-${GEOSERVER_VERSION}-${EXTENSION}-plugin.zip"
+    download_extension ${URL} ${EXTENSION}
+  done
+  for EXTENSION in $(echo "${COMMUNITY_EXTENSIONS}" | tr ',' ' '); do
+    URL="${COMMUNITY_PLUGIN_URL}/geoserver-${GEOSERVER_VERSION}-${EXTENSION}-plugin.zip"
+    download_extension ${URL} ${EXTENSION}
+  done
+  echo "Finished download of extensions"
+fi
+
+# Install the extensions
+echo "Starting installation of extensions"
+for EXTENSION in $(echo "${STABLE_EXTENSIONS},${COMMUNITY_EXTENSIONS}" | tr ',' ' '); do
+  ADDITIONAL_LIB=${ADDITIONAL_LIBS_DIR}geoserver-${GEOSERVER_VERSION}-${EXTENSION}-plugin.zip
+  [ -e "$ADDITIONAL_LIB" ] || continue
+
+  if [[ $ADDITIONAL_LIB == *.zip ]]; then
+    unzip -q -o -d ${GEOSERVER_LIB_DIR} ${ADDITIONAL_LIB} "*.jar"
+    echo "Installed all jar files from ${ADDITIONAL_LIB}"
+  elif [[ $ADDITIONAL_LIB == *.jar ]]; then
+    cp ${ADDITIONAL_LIB} ${GEOSERVER_LIB_DIR}
+    echo "Installed ${ADDITIONAL_LIB}"
+  else
+    echo "Skipping ${ADDITIONAL_LIB}: unknown file extension."
+  fi
+done
+echo "Finished installation of extensions"
diff --git a/startup.sh b/startup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7877831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/startup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "Welcome to GeoServer $GEOSERVER_VERSION"
+
+## Skip demo data
+if [ "${SKIP_DEMO_DATA}" = "true" ]; then
+  unset GEOSERVER_REQUIRE_FILE
+fi
+
+## Add a permanent redirect (HTTP 301) from the root webapp ("/") to geoserver web interface ("/geoserver/web")
+if [ "${ROOT_WEBAPP_REDIRECT}" = "true" ]; then
+  if [ ! -d $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/ROOT ]; then
+      mkdir $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/ROOT
+  fi
+
+  cat > $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp << EOF
+<%
+  final String redirectURL = "/geoserver/web/";
+  response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY);
+  response.setHeader("Location", redirectURL);
+%>
+EOF
+fi
+
+
+## install release data directory if needed before starting tomcat
+if [ ! -z "$GEOSERVER_REQUIRE_FILE" ] && [ ! -f "$GEOSERVER_REQUIRE_FILE" ]; then
+  echo "Initialize $GEOSERVER_DATA_DIR from data directory included in geoserver.war"
+  cp -r $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/data/* $GEOSERVER_DATA_DIR
+fi
+
+## install GeoServer extensions before starting the tomcat
+/opt/install-extensions.sh
+
+# copy additional geoserver libs before starting the tomcat
+# we also count whether at least one file with the extensions exists
+count=`ls -1 $ADDITIONAL_LIBS_DIR/*.jar 2>/dev/null | wc -l`
+if [ -d "$ADDITIONAL_LIBS_DIR" ] && [ $count != 0 ]; then
+    cp $ADDITIONAL_LIBS_DIR/*.jar $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/
+    echo "Installed $count JAR extension file(s) from the additional libs folder"
+fi
+
+# copy additional fonts before starting the tomcat
+# we also count whether at least one file with the fonts exists
+count=`ls -1 $ADDITIONAL_FONTS_DIR/*.ttf 2>/dev/null | wc -l`
+if [ -d "$ADDITIONAL_FONTS_DIR" ] && [ $count != 0 ]; then
+    cp $ADDITIONAL_FONTS_DIR/*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
+    echo "Installed $count TTF font file(s) from the additional fonts folder"
+fi
+
+# configure CORS (inspired by https://github.com/oscarfonts/docker-geoserver)
+# if enabled, this will add the filter definitions
+# to the end of the web.xml
+# (this will only happen if our filter has not yet been added before)
+if [ "${CORS_ENABLED}" = "true" ]; then
+  if ! grep -q DockerGeoServerCorsFilter "$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/web.xml"; then
+    echo "Enable CORS for $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/web.xml"
+    sed -i "\:</web-app>:i\\
+    <filter>\n\
+      <filter-name>DockerGeoServerCorsFilter</filter-name>\n\
+      <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.CorsFilter</filter-class>\n\
+      <init-param>\n\
+          <param-name>cors.allowed.origins</param-name>\n\
+          <param-value>${CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS}</param-value>\n\
+      </init-param>\n\
+      <init-param>\n\
+          <param-name>cors.allowed.methods</param-name>\n\
+          <param-value>${CORS_ALLOWED_METHODS}</param-value>\n\
+      </init-param>\n\
+      <init-param>\n\
+        <param-name>cors.allowed.headers</param-name>\n\
+        <param-value>${CORS_ALLOWED_HEADERS}</param-value>\n\
+      </init-param>\n\
+    </filter>\n\
+    <filter-mapping>\n\
+      <filter-name>DockerGeoServerCorsFilter</filter-name>\n\
+      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>\n\
+    </filter-mapping>" "$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/web.xml";
+  fi
+fi
+
+# start the tomcat
+exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh run