Getting "Invalid Transaction" when submitting transactions to the dev-node

[0xOmarA]

Versions

• Polkadot SDK commit 1a512570552119a49a8ecb2abfb7021954c4422d
• Differential Testing tool commit 8b1afc36a32bb27e4d9680f08afe97e1946b0269
• Resolc Compiler Tests commit 4372389f90af54b5c2543050f228a6ca2f44e787
• Targets: Geth's EVM and Revive Dev Node's PolkaVM

Summary

When running the differential testing tool with Geth VS Revive Dev Node we have noticed that there are certain cases where execution fails with "Invalid Transaction" when submitting the transaction to Kitchensink.

Alex previously mentioned that this is related to the gas mapping.

Description

When looking at the logs of the dev-node and eth-rpc's started by the tool we see the following in there:

2025-08-26 18:43:18.631 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker eth-rpc: submit call failed: SubxtError(Rpc(ClientError(User(UserError { code: 1010, message: "Invalid Transaction", data: Some(RawValue("Inability to pay some fees (e.g. account balance too low)")) }))))    

Therefore, it appears that the "invalid transaction" error is actually related to gas, the gas model, or to fees.

Steps to Reproduce

The following command can be used to reproduce this through the differential testing tool. Note that the following command will clone and rebuild the polkadot-sdk at the commit specified in the versions above.

(
  set -euo pipefail

  POLKADOT_REPO="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/"
  POLKADOT_COMMIT="1a512570552119a49a8ecb2abfb7021954c4422d"

  mkdir -p test
  cd test

  if [[ ! -d revive-differential-tests/.git ]]; then
    git clone https://github.com/paritytech/revive-differential-tests
  fi
  git -C revive-differential-tests fetch --all --prune
  git -C revive-differential-tests checkout 8b1afc36a32bb27e4d9680f08afe97e1946b0269
  git -C revive-differential-tests reset --hard 8b1afc36a32bb27e4d9680f08afe97e1946b0269

  if [[ ! -d resolc-compiler-tests/.git ]]; then
    git clone https://github.com/paritytech/resolc-compiler-tests
  fi
  git -C resolc-compiler-tests fetch --all --prune
  git -C resolc-compiler-tests checkout 4372389f90af54b5c2543050f228a6ca2f44e787
  git -C resolc-compiler-tests reset --hard 4372389f90af54b5c2543050f228a6ca2f44e787

  echo
  printf "Path to existing polkadot-sdk (leave empty to clone %s): " "${POLKADOT_COMMIT}"
  IFS= read -r POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT || true
  POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT="${POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT/#\~/$HOME}"

  if [[ -z "${POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT}" ]]; then
    echo "Cloning polkadot-sdk @ ${POLKADOT_COMMIT}..."
    if [[ ! -d polkadot-sdk/.git ]]; then
      git clone "${POLKADOT_REPO}" polkadot-sdk
    fi
    git -C polkadot-sdk fetch --all --prune
    git -C polkadot-sdk checkout "${POLKADOT_COMMIT}"
    git -C polkadot-sdk reset --hard "${POLKADOT_COMMIT}"
    POLKADOT_PATH="./polkadot-sdk"
  else
    POLKADOT_PATH="${POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT}"
    if [[ ! -d "${POLKADOT_PATH}" ]] || [[ ! -f "${POLKADOT_PATH}/Cargo.toml" ]]; then
      echo "Error: '${POLKADOT_PATH}' doesn't look like a polkadot-sdk checkout (missing directory or Cargo.toml)." >&2
      exit 1
    fi
    echo "Using user-provided polkadot-sdk at: ${POLKADOT_PATH}"
  fi

  cargo build --release --manifest-path ./revive-differential-tests/Cargo.toml
  cargo build --release --manifest-path "${POLKADOT_PATH}/Cargo.toml" \
    --package pallet-revive-eth-rpc \
    --package revive-dev-node

  find "./revive-differential-tests/target/release/" -type d -mindepth 1 -prune -o -type f \( -perm -100 -o -perm -010 -o -perm -001 \) -exec cp -p {} "."/ \;
  find "${POLKADOT_PATH}/target/release/" -type d -mindepth 1 -prune -o -type f \( -perm -100 -o -perm -010 -o -perm -001 \) -exec cp -p {} "."/ \;

  cp ./revive-differential-tests/genesis.json .
  mkdir -p workdir
  cat > corp.json <<'EOF'
{
  "name": "MatterLabs Solidity Simple, Complex, and Semantic Tests",
  "path": "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/interface_casting/test.json"
}
EOF

  RUST_LOG="info" ./retester \
    --corpus "corp.json" \
    --workdir "workdir" \
    --number-of-nodes 5 \
    --kitchensink "./substrate-node" \
    --revive-dev-node "./revive-dev-node" \
    --eth_proxy "./eth-rpc" \
    > logs.log \
    2> output.log
)

After this finishes running look at the ./test/logs.log for the logs and ./test/output.log for the tool's output and status of each test.

If you want a command to reproduce all of the invalid transaction errors then you can use the following:

Command to run all tests that fail with Invalid Transaction

(
    set -euo pipefail

    POLKADOT_REPO="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/"
    POLKADOT_COMMIT="1a512570552119a49a8ecb2abfb7021954c4422d"
  
    mkdir -p test
    cd test
  
    if [[ ! -d revive-differential-tests/.git ]]; then
      git clone https://github.com/paritytech/revive-differential-tests
    fi
    git -C revive-differential-tests fetch --all --prune
    git -C revive-differential-tests checkout 8b1afc36a32bb27e4d9680f08afe97e1946b0269
    git -C revive-differential-tests reset --hard 8b1afc36a32bb27e4d9680f08afe97e1946b0269
  
    if [[ ! -d resolc-compiler-tests/.git ]]; then
      git clone https://github.com/paritytech/resolc-compiler-tests
    fi
    git -C resolc-compiler-tests fetch --all --prune
    git -C resolc-compiler-tests checkout 4372389f90af54b5c2543050f228a6ca2f44e787
    git -C resolc-compiler-tests reset --hard 4372389f90af54b5c2543050f228a6ca2f44e787
  
    echo
    printf "Path to existing polkadot-sdk (leave empty to clone %s): " "${POLKADOT_COMMIT}"
    IFS= read -r POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT || true
    POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT="${POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT/#\~/$HOME}"
  
    if [[ -z "${POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT}" ]]; then
      echo "Cloning polkadot-sdk @ ${POLKADOT_COMMIT}..."
      if [[ ! -d polkadot-sdk/.git ]]; then
        git clone "${POLKADOT_REPO}" polkadot-sdk
      fi
      git -C polkadot-sdk fetch --all --prune
      git -C polkadot-sdk checkout "${POLKADOT_COMMIT}"
      git -C polkadot-sdk reset --hard "${POLKADOT_COMMIT}"
      POLKADOT_PATH="./polkadot-sdk"
    else
      POLKADOT_PATH="${POLKADOT_PATH_INPUT}"
      if [[ ! -d "${POLKADOT_PATH}" ]] || [[ ! -f "${POLKADOT_PATH}/Cargo.toml" ]]; then
        echo "Error: '${POLKADOT_PATH}' doesn't look like a polkadot-sdk checkout (missing directory or Cargo.toml)." >&2
        exit 1
      fi
      echo "Using user-provided polkadot-sdk at: ${POLKADOT_PATH}"
    fi
  
    cargo build --release --manifest-path ./revive-differential-tests/Cargo.toml
    cargo build --release --manifest-path "${POLKADOT_PATH}/Cargo.toml" \
      --package pallet-revive-eth-rpc \
      --package revive-dev-node
  
    find "./revive-differential-tests/target/release/" -type d -mindepth 1 -prune -o -type f \( -perm -100 -o -perm -010 -o -perm -001 \) -exec cp -p {} "."/ \;
    find "${POLKADOT_PATH}/target/release/" -type d -mindepth 1 -prune -o -type f \( -perm -100 -o -perm -010 -o -perm -001 \) -exec cp -p {} "."/ \;
  
    cp ./revive-differential-tests/genesis.json .
    mkdir -p workdir
    cat > corp.json <<EOF
{
    "name": "MatterLabs Solidity Simple, Complex, and Semantic Tests",
    "paths": [
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/create/create2_chain/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/create/create2_many/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/create/create_chain/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/create/create_many/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/immutable_delegate_call/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/indirect_recursion_fact/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/interface_casting/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/invalid_signature/require/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/invalid_signature/simple/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/nested_calls/staticcall_call/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/nested_calls/staticcall_staticcall/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/solidity_by_example/simple/import/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/solidity_by_example/simple/library/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/solidity_by_example/simple/try_catch/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/try_catch/create/complex/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/try_catch/create/custom_error/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/try_catch/create/error/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/try_catch/create/panic/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/value/delegatecall_call/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/complex/value/delegatecall_delegatecall/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/conditional/require.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/constructor/simple.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/create/return_data_clear.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/error/default.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/error/revert1.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/error/revert2.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/error/revert3.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/error/revert4.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/error/revert5.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/function/function_type/f1.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/function/function_type/f3.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/function/function_type/f4.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/function/function_type/f5.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/function/function_type/f6.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/gas_value/gas_value_order1.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/gas_value/gas_value_order2.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/gas_value/value_as_function1.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/gas_value/value_as_function2.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/gas_value/value_as_function3.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/calling_uninitialized_function_in_detail.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/calling_uninitialized_function_through_array.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/function_delete_stack.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/invalidInConstructor.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/invalidStoredInConstructor.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/mixed_features_2.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/mixed_features_3.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/store2.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/internal_function_pointers/storeInConstructor.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/modular/addmod.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/modular/mulmod.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/addition_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/addition_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/addition_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/division_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/division_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/division_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/exponentiation_i128_const.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/exponentiation_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/exponentiation_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/exponentiation_u8_const.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/multiplication_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/multiplication_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/multiplication_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/remainder_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/remainder_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/remainder_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/subtraction_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/subtraction_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/arithmetic/subtraction_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/addition_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/addition_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/addition_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/division_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/division_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/division_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/multiplication_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/multiplication_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/multiplication_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/remainder_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/remainder_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/remainder_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/subtraction_i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/subtraction_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/assignment/subtraction_u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/casting/i16_to_i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/operator/casting/simple_casting.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/i16.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/i248.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/i256.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/i32.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/i64.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/u16.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/u248.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/u256.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/u32.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/u64.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/negative/u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/overflow_decrement_increment.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/i128.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/i16.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/i248.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/i256.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/i32.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/i64.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/i8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/u16.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/u248.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/u256.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/u32.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/u64.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/positive/u8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/overflow/underflow_increment_decrement.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/pointer/large_offset.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/solidity_by_example/simple/array.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/solidity_by_example/simple/enum.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/solidity_by_example/simple/error.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/solidity_by_example/simple/error_account.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/solidity_by_example/simple/function_modifier.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/stack_overflow.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/event_instead_function.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/external_call_as_arg.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/invalid_return.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/not_enough_balance.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/not_matching_interface.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/not_payable.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/signature_collision1.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/signature_collision2.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/try_catch/this_in_constructor.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_instructions/invalid.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_instructions/mload.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_instructions/mstore.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_instructions/mstore8.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_instructions/returndatacopy.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_instructions/revert.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_semantic/for.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_semantic/function_definitions.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_semantic/if.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_semantic/statements.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/simple/yul_semantic/switch.sol",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/translated_semantic_tests/errors/errors_by_parameter_type/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/translated_semantic_tests/functionCall/return_size_bigger_than_expected/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/translated_semantic_tests/functionCall/return_size_shorter_than_expected_evm_version_after_homestead/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/translated_semantic_tests/functionTypes/call_to_zero_initialized_function_type_ir/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/translated_semantic_tests/saltedCreate/prediction_example/test.json",
        "./resolc-compiler-tests/fixtures/solidity/translated_semantic_tests/viaYul/unary_operations/test.json"
    ]
}
EOF
    
    RUST_LOG="info" ./retester \
        --corpus "corp.json" \
        --workdir "workdir" \
        --number-of-nodes 5 \
        --kitchensink "./substrate-node" \
        --revive-dev-node "./revive-dev-node" \
        --eth_proxy "./eth-rpc" \
        > logs.log \
        2> output.log
)

[0xOmarA]

This issue is potentially the same as #151.

[mutantcornholio]

I'm also getting 2025-08-28 14:33:49.377 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker eth-rpc: submit call failed: SubxtError(Rpc(ClientError(User(UserError { code: 1010, message: "Invalid Transaction", data: Some(RawValue("Inability to pay some fees (e.g. account balance too low)")) })))) when running axelar tests.

can be replicated with npx hardhat test --network hardhat --show-stack-traces --grep 'AxelarAmplifierGateway validate message' in https://github.com/paritytech/scc-testing/tree/main/axelar-gmp-sdk-solidity

[UtkarshBhardwaj007]

I have a similar issue for Ethena.

This test is failing with InvalidTransaction. I got the eth-rpc and dev-node logs:

eth-rpc logs:

2025-09-08 13:08:19.212 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker eth-rpc: Dry run failed Static(EthTransactError::Data([15, 191, 11, 201]))    
2025-09-08 13:08:19.224 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker eth-rpc: submit call failed: SubxtError(Rpc(ClientError(User(UserError { code: 1010, message: "Invalid Transaction", data: Some(RawValue("Inability to pay some fees (e.g. account balance too low)")) }))))

dev-node logs:

2025-09-08 13:08:19.192 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker runtime::revive: Created checked Ethereum transaction with nonce: 7 and tip: 384021631459    
2025-09-08 13:08:19.223 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker runtime::revive: try_into_checked_extrinsic: gas_price: 1200, encoded_len: 827 actual_fee: 8270108157000 eth_fee: 12000    
2025-09-08 13:08:19.223 DEBUG tokio-runtime-worker runtime::revive: eth fees 12000 too low, actual fees: 8270108157000

test logs:

1) EthenaMintingBlockLimitsTest
       test_fuzz_mint_maxMint_perBlock_exceeded_revert:
     ProviderError: Invalid Transaction
      at HttpProvider.request (/Users/utkarshbhardwaj/Desktop/Projects/scc-testing/ethena-labs/node_modules/hardhat/src/internal/core/providers/http.ts:116:21)
      at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:105:5)
      at async Promise.all (index 0)
      at async HardhatEthersProvider.broadcastTransaction (/Users/utkarshbhardwaj/Desktop/Projects/scc-testing/ethena-labs/node_modules/@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers/src/internal/hardhat-ethers-provider.ts:275:33)
      at async Wallet.sendTransaction (/Users/utkarshbhardwaj/Desktop/Projects/scc-testing/ethena-labs/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/abstract-signer.ts:255:16)
      at async send (/Users/utkarshbhardwaj/Desktop/Projects/scc-testing/ethena-labs/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/contract/contract.ts:313:20)
      at async Proxy.mint (/Users/utkarshbhardwaj/Desktop/Projects/scc-testing/ethena-labs/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/contract/contract.ts:352:16)
      at async Context.<anonymous> (/Users/utkarshbhardwaj/Desktop/Projects/scc-testing/ethena-labs/test/minting/tests/EthenaMinting.blockLimits.test.ts:304:9)