AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'write' when use numpy >= 2.0.0 with --windowed option

[tiantian1645]

Hello,
I install lib "lmfit" which is a pure Python package, built on top of Scipy and Numpy
And I found it will crash if use -w, --windowed, --noconsole option with numpy >= 2.0.0.
Here is example code and traceback output.

Context information (for bug reports)

• Output of pyinstaller --version: 6.9.0
• Version of Python: 3.11.9
• Platform: Windows 10
• How you installed Python: python.org/downloads
• Did you also try this on another platform? Does it work there?
  No

pyinstaller = "6.9.0"
lmfit = "1.3.2"
numpy = "2.0.1"

A minimal example program which shows the error

import numpy as np
from lmfit import Parameters, minimize


def raw_fc(params, x):
    n1 = params["n1"].value
    n2 = params["n2"].value
    model = (n1 * x) / (n2 + x)
    return model


def fit_fc(params, x, data):
    return raw_fc(params, x) - data


def tip_fit(xdata, ydata):
    xdata = np.array(xdata)
    ydata = np.array(ydata)

    params = Parameters()
    params.add("n1", value=1000, min=100, max=10000)
    params.add("n2", value=1000, min=100, max=10000)

    result = minimize(fit_fc, params, args=(xdata, ydata))
    return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
    xdata = [0, 300, 1500, 4500]
    ydata = [0, 250, 853, 1435]
    result = tip_fit(xdata, ydata)
    print(f"{result.params['n1'].value:.3f} / {result.params['n2'].value:.3f}")
    a = input()
    print(a)

Stacktrace / full error message

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 4, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "lmfit\__init__.py", line 38, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "lmfit\confidence.py", line 6, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "scipy\optimize\__init__.py", line 414, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "scipy\optimize\_optimize.py", line 35, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "scipy\linalg\__init__.py", line 205, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "scipy\linalg\_basic.py", line 13, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "scipy\linalg\_decomp.py", line 24, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "scipy\_lib\_util.py", line 18, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "scipy\_lib\_array_api.py", line 21, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1232, in _handle_fromlist
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "scipy\_lib\array_api_compat\numpy\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1227, in _handle_fromlist
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1232, in _handle_fromlist
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "numpy\f2py\__init__.py", line 19, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1232, in _handle_fromlist
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "numpy\f2py\f2py2e.py", line 23, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1232, in _handle_fromlist
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "numpy\f2py\crackfortran.py", line 159, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "numpy\f2py\auxfuncs.py", line 19, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1232, in _handle_fromlist
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 940, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "numpy\f2py\cfuncs.py", line 19, in <module>
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'write'

"numpy\f2py\cfuncs.py", line 19 is errmess = sys.stderr.write

[rokm]

Read https://pyinstaller.org/en/stable/common-issues-and-pitfalls.html#sys-stdin-sys-stdout-and-sys-stderr-in-noconsole-windowed-applications-windows-only for work-around.

And report the bug to numpy - numpy/f2py/cfuncs.py should account for possibility that sys.stderr is None, and in that case set errmess to a no-op lambda.

[rokm]

This has been fixed upstream (numpy/numpy#27013), so it should work without work-arounds in next numpy release ( 2.0.2, presumably).

[tiantian1645]

Fixed

import numpy as np
from lmfit import Parameters, minimize

# fix start
import sys
import os

if sys.stdout is None:
    sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, "w")
if sys.stderr is None:
    sys.stderr = open(os.devnull, "w")
# fix end

def raw_fc(params, x):
    n1 = params["n1"].value
    n2 = params["n2"].value
    model = (n1 * x) / (n2 + x)
    return model


def fit_fc(params, x, data):
    return raw_fc(params, x) - data


def tip_fit(xdata, ydata):
    xdata = np.array(xdata)
    ydata = np.array(ydata)

    params = Parameters()
    params.add("n1", value=1000, min=100, max=10000)
    params.add("n2", value=1000, min=100, max=10000)

    result = minimize(fit_fc, params, args=(xdata, ydata))
    return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
    xdata = [0, 300, 1500, 4500]
    ydata = [0, 250, 853, 1435]
    result = tip_fit(xdata, ydata)
    print(f"{result.params['n1'].value:.3f} / {result.params['n2'].value:.3f}")
    a = input()
    print(a)

[bwoodsend]

To be clear, sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, "w") is a hack so I'd discourage it in favor of upgrading numpy.