refactor: code style improvements and formatting cleanup (#1962)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.5 <[email protected]>

Author: Kludex

src/mcp/client/stdio.py

@@ -177,10 +177,7 @@ async def stdin_writer():
         except anyio.ClosedResourceError:  # pragma: no cover
             await anyio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
 
-    async with (
-        anyio.create_task_group() as tg,
-        process,
-    ):
+    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg, process:
         tg.start_soon(stdout_reader)
         tg.start_soon(stdin_writer)
         try:

src/mcp/server/lowlevel/server.py

@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ def streamable_http_app(
         host: str = "127.0.0.1",
         auth: AuthSettings | None = None,
         token_verifier: TokenVerifier | None = None,
-        auth_server_provider: (OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any] | None) = None,
+        auth_server_provider: OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any] | None = None,
         custom_starlette_routes: list[Route] | None = None,
         debug: bool = False,
     ) -> Starlette:

src/mcp/server/models.py

@@ -4,10 +4,7 @@
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
-from mcp.types import (
-    Icon,
-    ServerCapabilities,
-)
+from mcp.types import Icon, ServerCapabilities
 
 
 class InitializationOptions(BaseModel):

src/mcp/server/stdio.py

@@ -30,10 +30,7 @@ async def run_server():
 
 
 @asynccontextmanager
-async def stdio_server(
-    stdin: anyio.AsyncFile[str] | None = None,
-    stdout: anyio.AsyncFile[str] | None = None,
-):
+async def stdio_server(stdin: anyio.AsyncFile[str] | None = None, stdout: anyio.AsyncFile[str] | None = None):
     """Server transport for stdio: this communicates with an MCP client by reading
     from the current process' stdin and writing to stdout.
     """

src/mcp/server/streamable_http_manager.py

@@ -124,20 +124,10 @@ async def lifespan(app: Starlette) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
                 # Clear any remaining server instances
                 self._server_instances.clear()
 
-    async def handle_request(
-        self,
-        scope: Scope,
-        receive: Receive,
-        send: Send,
-    ) -> None:
+    async def handle_request(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
         """Process ASGI request with proper session handling and transport setup.
 
         Dispatches to the appropriate handler based on stateless mode.
-
-        Args:
-            scope: ASGI scope
-            receive: ASGI receive function
-            send: ASGI send function
         """
         if self._task_group is None:
             raise RuntimeError("Task group is not initialized. Make sure to use run().")
@@ -148,19 +138,8 @@ async def handle_request(
         else:
             await self._handle_stateful_request(scope, receive, send)
 
-    async def _handle_stateless_request(
-        self,
-        scope: Scope,
-        receive: Receive,
-        send: Send,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Process request in stateless mode - creating a new transport for each request.
-
-        Args:
-            scope: ASGI scope
-            receive: ASGI receive function
-            send: ASGI send function
-        """
+    async def _handle_stateless_request(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """Process request in stateless mode - creating a new transport for each request."""
         logger.debug("Stateless mode: Creating new transport for this request")
         # No session ID needed in stateless mode
         http_transport = StreamableHTTPServerTransport(
@@ -196,19 +175,8 @@ async def run_stateless_server(*, task_status: TaskStatus[None] = anyio.TASK_STA
         # Terminate the transport after the request is handled
         await http_transport.terminate()
 
-    async def _handle_stateful_request(
-        self,
-        scope: Scope,
-        receive: Receive,
-        send: Send,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Process request in stateful mode - maintaining session state between requests.
-
-        Args:
-            scope: ASGI scope
-            receive: ASGI receive function
-            send: ASGI send function
-        """
+    async def _handle_stateful_request(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """Process request in stateful mode - maintaining session state between requests."""
         request = Request(scope, receive)
         request_mcp_session_id = request.headers.get(MCP_SESSION_ID_HEADER)
 
@@ -248,11 +216,8 @@ async def run_server(*, task_status: TaskStatus[None] = anyio.TASK_STATUS_IGNORE
                                 self.app.create_initialization_options(),
                                 stateless=False,  # Stateful mode
                             )
-                        except Exception as e:
-                            logger.error(
-                                f"Session {http_transport.mcp_session_id} crashed: {e}",
-                                exc_info=True,
-                            )
+                        except Exception:
+                            logger.exception(f"Session {http_transport.mcp_session_id} crashed")
                         finally:
                             # Only remove from instances if not terminated
                             if (  # pragma: no branch
@@ -262,8 +227,7 @@ async def run_server(*, task_status: TaskStatus[None] = anyio.TASK_STATUS_IGNORE
                             ):
                                 logger.info(
                                     "Cleaning up crashed session "
-                                    f"{http_transport.mcp_session_id} from "
-                                    "active instances."
+                                    f"{http_transport.mcp_session_id} from active instances."
                                 )
                                 del self._server_instances[http_transport.mcp_session_id]
 

src/mcp/server/transport_security.py

@@ -9,37 +9,35 @@
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+# TODO(Marcelo): We should flatten these settings. To be fair, I don't think we should even have this middleware.
 class TransportSecuritySettings(BaseModel):
     """Settings for MCP transport security features.
 
-    These settings help protect against DNS rebinding attacks by validating
-    incoming request headers.
+    These settings help protect against DNS rebinding attacks by validating incoming request headers.
     """
 
-    enable_dns_rebinding_protection: bool = Field(
-        default=True,
-        description="Enable DNS rebinding protection (recommended for production)",
-    )
+    enable_dns_rebinding_protection: bool = True
+    """Enable DNS rebinding protection (recommended for production)."""
 
-    allowed_hosts: list[str] = Field(
-        default=[],
-        description="List of allowed Host header values. Only applies when "
-        + "enable_dns_rebinding_protection is True.",
-    )
+    allowed_hosts: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    """List of allowed Host header values.
 
-    allowed_origins: list[str] = Field(
-        default=[],
-        description="List of allowed Origin header values. Only applies when "
-        + "enable_dns_rebinding_protection is True.",
-    )
+    Only applies when `enable_dns_rebinding_protection` is `True`.
+    """
+
+    allowed_origins: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    """List of allowed Origin header values.
+
+    Only applies when `enable_dns_rebinding_protection` is `True`.
+    """
 
 
+# TODO(Marcelo): This should be a proper ASGI middleware. I'm sad to see this.
 class TransportSecurityMiddleware:
     """Middleware to enforce DNS rebinding protection for MCP transport endpoints."""
 
     def __init__(self, settings: TransportSecuritySettings | None = None):
-        # If not specified, disable DNS rebinding protection by default
-        # for backwards compatibility
+        # If not specified, disable DNS rebinding protection by default for backwards compatibility
         self.settings = settings or TransportSecuritySettings(enable_dns_rebinding_protection=False)
 
     def _validate_host(self, host: str | None) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
@@ -88,16 +86,7 @@ def _validate_origin(self, origin: str | None) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
 
     def _validate_content_type(self, content_type: str | None) -> bool:
         """Validate the Content-Type header for POST requests."""
-        if not content_type:  # pragma: lax no cover
-            logger.warning("Missing Content-Type header in POST request")
-            return False
-
-        # Content-Type must start with application/json
-        if not content_type.lower().startswith("application/json"):
-            logger.warning(f"Invalid Content-Type header: {content_type}")
-            return False
-
-        return True
+        return content_type is not None and content_type.lower().startswith("application/json")
 
     async def validate_request(self, request: Request, is_post: bool = False) -> Response | None:
         """Validate request headers for DNS rebinding protection.

src/mcp/shared/memory.py

@@ -28,10 +28,5 @@ async def create_client_server_memory_streams() -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[MessageS
     client_streams = (server_to_client_receive, client_to_server_send)
     server_streams = (client_to_server_receive, server_to_client_send)
 
-    async with (
-        server_to_client_receive,
-        client_to_server_send,
-        client_to_server_receive,
-        server_to_client_send,
-    ):
+    async with server_to_client_receive, client_to_server_send, client_to_server_receive, server_to_client_send:
         yield client_streams, server_streams