test: add tests for non-2xx HTTP status handling (fixes #3091) #3478

Job	Run time
checks / docs	43s
checks / pre-commit	59s
checks / readme-snippets	11s
checks / test (3.10, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 7s
checks / test (3.10, locked, windows-latest)	1m 25s
checks / test (3.10, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 44s
checks / test (3.11, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	56s
checks / test (3.10, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 2s
checks / test (3.14, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 34s
checks / test (3.12, locked, windows-latest)	1m 46s
checks / test (3.12, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 6s
checks / test (3.13, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 2s
checks / test (3.11, locked, windows-latest)	1m 45s
checks / test (3.13, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 54s
checks / test (3.13, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 14s
checks / test (3.11, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 47s
checks / test (3.13, locked, windows-latest)	1m 42s
checks / test (3.12, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 58s
checks / test (3.12, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 21s
checks / test (3.11, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 3s
checks / test (3.14, locked, windows-latest)	1m 43s
checks / test (3.14, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 4s
checks / test (3.14, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 4s
all-green	3s
	30m 13s

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