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assignments/warmup_assignment.pdf

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assignments/warmup_assignment.tex

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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\textbf{Hand-in date: 06/11/2020.}
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\textbf{Hand-in date: 06/10/2020.}
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\section*{General guidance}
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\begin{itemize}
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Today you will be introduced to a simple-looking problem with a complicated closed-form solution and one we can approach using simulation.
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Suppose you have a disc $C_R$ of radius $R$.
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Take $p, q \in C_R$ two points in the disc.
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Consider the Euclidean distance between $p$ and $q$, $||p-q|| = \sqrt{(p-q)^2} = |p-q|$.
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Take $p = (p_x, p_y)$ and $ q = (q_x, q_y) \in C_R$ two points in the disc.
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Consider the Euclidean distance between $p$ and $q$, $||p-q|| = \sqrt{(p_x-q_x)^2 + (p_y-q_y)^2} = |p-q|$.
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\paragraph{Problem A:} What is the \textit{average} distance between pairs of points in $C_R$ if they are picked uniformly at random?
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\section*{Questions}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item To start building intuition, let's solve a related by much simpler problem.
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\item To start building intuition, let's solve a related but much simpler problem.
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Consider an interval $[0, s]$, with $s>0$ and take $x_1,x_2 \in [0, s]$~\textit{uniformly at random}.
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Show that the average distance between $x_1$ and $x_2$ is $s/3$.
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\item Show that Problem A is equivalent to computing
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\begin{equation*}
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I = \frac{1}{\pi^2 R^4}\int_{0}^{R}\int_{0}^{R}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{r_1^2 + r_2^2 - 2r_1r_2\cos\phi(\theta_1, \theta_2)}\,d\theta_1\,d\theta_2\,dr_1\,dr_2,
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\end{equation*}
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where $\phi(\theta_1, \theta_2)$ is the central angle between $r_1$ and $r_2$.
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\textit{Hint:} Draw a picture.
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\item Compute $I$ in closed-form.
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\textit{Hint:} Look up \textit{Crofton's mean value theorem} or \textit{Crofton's formula}.

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