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\begin {document }
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\maketitle
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- \textbf {Hand-in date: 06/11 /2020. }
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+ \textbf {Hand-in date: 06/10 /2020. }
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\section* {General guidance }
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\begin {itemize }
@@ -34,21 +34,23 @@ \section*{Background}
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Today you will be introduced to a simple-looking problem with a complicated closed-form solution and one we can approach using simulation.
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Suppose you have a disc $ C_R$ of radius $ R$ .
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- Take $ p, q \in C_R$ two points in the disc.
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- Consider the Euclidean distance between $ p$ and $ q$ , $ ||p-q|| = \sqrt {(p-q )^2} = |p-q|$ .
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+ Take $ p = (p_x, p_y) $ and $ q = (q_x, q_y) \in C_R$ two points in the disc.
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+ Consider the Euclidean distance between $ p$ and $ q$ , $ ||p-q|| = \sqrt {(p_x-q_x)^2 + (p_y-q_y )^2} = |p-q|$ .
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\paragraph {Problem A: } What is the \textit {average } distance between pairs of points in $ C_R$ if they are picked uniformly at random?
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\section* {Questions }
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\begin {enumerate }
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- \item To start building intuition, let's solve a related by much simpler problem.
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+ \item To start building intuition, let's solve a related but much simpler problem.
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Consider an interval $ [0 , s]$ , with $ s>0 $ and take $ x_1 ,x_2 \in [0 , s]$ ~\textit {uniformly at random }.
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Show that the average distance between $ x_1 $ and $ x_2 $ is $ s/3 $ .
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\item Show that Problem A is equivalent to computing
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\begin {equation* }
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I = \frac {1}{\pi ^2 R^4}\int _{0}^{R}\int _{0}^{R}\int _{0}^{2\pi }\int _{0}^{2\pi }\sqrt {r_1^2 + r_2^2 - 2r_1r_2\cos\phi (\theta _1, \theta _2)}\, d\theta _1\, d\theta _2\, dr_1\, dr_2,
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\end {equation* }
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where $ \phi (\theta _1 , \theta _2 )$ is the central angle between $ r_1 $ and $ r_2 $ .
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+
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+ \textit {Hint: } Draw a picture.
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\item Compute $ I$ in closed-form.
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\textit {Hint: } Look up \textit {Crofton's mean value theorem } or \textit {Crofton's formula }.
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