docs(clash-core): add go install guide via apt

Author: lzwjava

notes/2025-06-28-install-go-via-apt-en.md

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+---
+title: Install Go via APT on Debian
+lang: en
+layout: post
+audio: false
+translated: false
+generated: true
+---
+
+To install Go using `apt` on a Debian-based Linux system (e.g., Ubuntu), follow these steps. Note that `apt` may install an older version of Go (e.g., 1.18 on Ubuntu 22.04), so you should verify if it meets your project's requirements (check the `go.mod` file in `~/Projects/clash-core` for the required Go version).
+
+### Steps to Install Go Using APT
+
+1. **Update the Package Index**
+   - Ensure your package lists are up to date:
+     ```bash
+     sudo apt update
+     ```
+
+2. **Install Go**
+   - Install the Go package:
+     ```bash
+     sudo apt install golang-go
+     ```
+   - This installs the Go compiler, tools, and standard library.
+
+3. **Verify the Installation**
+   - Check the installed Go version:
+     ```bash
+     go version
+     ```
+   - You should see output like:
+     ```
+     go version go1.18.1 linux/amd64
+     ```
+     (The version depends on your distribution's package repository.)
+
+4. **Set Up GOPATH (Optional)**
+   - Modern Go versions (1.13+) use modules, so `GOPATH` is optional, but setting it can be useful for some projects.
+   - Edit your shell profile (e.g., `~/.bashrc` or `~/.zshrc`):
+     ```bash
+     nano ~/.bashrc
+     ```
+   - Add the following:
+     ```bash
+     export GOPATH=$HOME/go
+     export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
+     ```
+   - Save and reload the shell configuration:
+     ```bash
+     source ~/.bashrc
+     ```
+
+5. **Retry the Build**
+   - Navigate to your project directory:
+     ```bash
+     cd ~/Projects/clash-core
+     ```
+   - Run the `make` command again:
+     ```bash
+     make
+     ```
+
+### Notes
+- **Version Check**: If your project requires a newer Go version (e.g., 1.20 or later), the `apt` version might be outdated. Check the required version in `go.mod` or the project’s documentation. If needed, install a newer version manually by downloading the tarball from [https://go.dev/dl/](https://go.dev/dl/) (as described in the previous response).
+- **Alternative Repositories**: For a newer version via `apt`, you can add a third-party PPA (e.g., `ppa:longsleep/golang-backports` on Ubuntu). Run:
+  ```bash
+  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:longsleep/golang-backports
+  sudo apt update
+  sudo apt install golang-go
+  ```
+- **Troubleshooting**:
+  - If `go` is not found, ensure `/usr/bin/go` exists (`ls /usr/bin/go`). If not, reinstall with `sudo apt install --reinstall golang-go`.
+  - If you get dependency errors, run `sudo apt install -f` to fix them.
+  - For permission issues, ensure you have `sudo` privileges.
+
+### Sources
+- Ubuntu Go installation guide: [https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/programming-go](https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/programming-go)
+- General apt usage: [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto)
+
+If the installed version is too old or you encounter issues, let me know your Linux distribution (e.g., Ubuntu 22.04) and the required Go version, and I’ll guide you further!

scripts/apt-sources/cuda-ubuntu2204-12-2-local.list

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+deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cuda-F73B257B-keyring.gpg] file:///var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2204-12-2-local /

scripts/apt-sources/cuda-ubuntu2204-x86_64.list

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+deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cuda-archive-keyring.gpg] https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/ /

scripts/apt-sources/deadsnakes-ubuntu-ppa-jammy.list

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+deb https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu/ jammy main
+# deb-src https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu/ jammy main

scripts/apt-sources/github-cli.list

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+deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg] https://cli.github.com/packages stable main

scripts/apt-sources/longsleep-ubuntu-golang-backports-jammy.list

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+deb https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/longsleep/golang-backports/ubuntu/ jammy main
+# deb-src https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/longsleep/golang-backports/ubuntu/ jammy main

scripts/apt-sources/mozilla.list

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+deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main

scripts/apt-sources/nccl-local-ubuntu2204-2.18.3-cuda12.2.list

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+deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nccl-local-F4B315EB-keyring.gpg] file:///var/nccl-local-repo-ubuntu2204-2.18.3-cuda12.2 /

scripts/apt-sources/openjdk-r-ubuntu-ppa-jammy.list

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+deb https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/openjdk-r/ppa/ubuntu/ jammy main
+# deb-src https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/openjdk-r/ppa/ubuntu/ jammy main

scripts/apt-sources/shiftkey-packages.list

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+deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/shiftkey-packages.gpg] https://apt.packages.shiftkey.dev/ubuntu/ any main

scripts/apt-sources/steam-beta.list

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+# Uncomment these lines to try the beta version of the Steam launcher
+#deb [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/steam.gpg] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ beta steam
+#deb-src [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/steam.gpg] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ beta steam

scripts/apt-sources/steam-stable.list

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+deb [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/steam.gpg] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ stable steam
+deb-src [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/steam.gpg] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ stable steam

scripts/apt-sources/ubuntu-esm-apps.list

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+deb https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu jammy-apps-security main
+# deb-src https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu jammy-apps-security main
+deb https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu jammy-apps-updates main
+# deb-src https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu jammy-apps-updates main

scripts/apt-sources/ubuntu-esm-infra.list

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+deb https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu jammy-infra-security main
+# deb-src https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu jammy-infra-security main
+deb https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu jammy-infra-updates main
+# deb-src https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu jammy-infra-updates main

scripts/sync/sync_apt_list.py

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+import os
+import shutil
+
+src_dir = '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/'
+dst_dir = 'scripts/apt-sources'
+
+os.makedirs(dst_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+for filename in os.listdir(src_dir):
+    src_file = os.path.join(src_dir, filename)
+    dst_file = os.path.join(dst_dir, filename)
+    if os.path.isfile(src_file):
+        shutil.copy2(src_file, dst_file)