README.md

Trying out the shell

Basic Navigation and File Operations

1. Directory Navigation

   • Use pwd to print your current working directory
   • Use ls to list files in the current directory
   • Try ls -l for detailed file information
   • Use cd to change directories
   • Practice using cd .. to go up one directory
   • Use cd ~ to return to your home directory

2. File and Directory Management

   • Create a new directory called practice using mkdir
   • Create a text file using touch myfile.txt
   • Copy the file using cp myfile.txt myfile_backup.txt
   • Move/rename the file using mv myfile.txt newname.txt
   • Remove a file using rm myfile_backup.txt
   • Remove an empty directory using rmdir

3. Viewing File Contents

   • Create a file with some text using echo "Hello World" > hello.txt
   • View the file contents using cat hello.txt
   • Use less to view longer files
   • Try head and tail to see the beginning/end of files

4. Searching for Files

   • Use find to search for files in the current directory
   • Try find . -name "*.txt" to find all .txt files in the current directory

5. Permissions

   • Use chmod to change file permissions
   • Try chmod +x script.sh to make a script executable
   • The command chmod is used to change the permissions of a file. The +x option adds execute permission to the file. You can change the permissions for different users (owner, group, others) using different combinations of u, g, o, and a.
   • For example, chmod u+x script.sh adds execute permission to the owner of the file.

Practice Exercises

1. Create a directory structure:

mkdir -p projects

File Permissions Challenge

1. Create a script that's not executable e.g. script.sh:

   • Create a simple bash script that prints "Hello, I am a script!"
   • Try to run it
   • Check its current permissions
   • Make it executable
   • Run it again

2. Permission Practice:

   • Create a directory called secure_files
   • Create some files inside it
   • Remove read permissions from others
   • Remove write permissions from group
   • Practice reading permissions using ls -l

Find Command Challenge

Create a directory structure to practice with, copy the following commands and run them in the terminal:

mkdir -p findme/level1/level2 findme/level1/level3
touch findme/file1.txt
touch findme/level1/file2.txt
touch findme/level1/level2/file3.txt
touch findme/level1/level3/file4.txt
touch findme/level1/level3/script.sh

Your tasks:

1. Find all .txt files in the findme directory

2. Find files modified in the last 10 minutes

3. Zip all files in the findme directory

Hint: Look up how to use find and zip