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Notes-on-tracing-code-execution-in-Django-and-Python.rst

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笔记：追踪Django/Python代码执行

trace 能引发Python解释器打印正在执行的代码行。我是通过@brandon_rhodes的 推文 了解到trace的。

追踪一个Python程序

python -m trace -t myprogram.py myargs

伴随Django开发服务器进行追踪

从我的经验来看，trace无法和Django的auto-reloader一起工作，所以需要使用--noreload选项。

python -m trace -t manage.py runserver --noreload

更多控制的追踪

这篇文章 展示了怎么编写传递给 sys.settrace 的定制性函数。

Django追踪工具 , django-trace

基于 sys.settrace 以及Django的管理命令，我编写了一个Django命令行管理工具。 https://github.com/saltycrane/django-trace .

安装

$ pip install -e git://github.com/saltycrane/django-trace.git#egg=django_trace
  • 添加 'django_trace' 到 setting.py 文件的 INSTALLED_APPS

用法

$ python manage.py trace --help
Usage: manage.py trace [options] [command]

Use sys.settrace to trace code

Options:
    -v VERBOSITY, --verbosity=VERBOSITY
                        Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output,
                        2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output
    --settings=SETTINGS   The Python path to a settings module, e.g.
                        "myproject.settings.main". If this isn't provided, the
                        DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
                        used.
    --pythonpath=PYTHONPATH
                        A directory to add to the Python path, e.g.
                        "/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
    --traceback               Print traceback on exception
    --include-builtins    Include builtin functions (default=False)
    --include-stdlib      Include standard library modules (default=False)
    --module-only         Display module names only (not lines of code)
    --calls-only          Display function calls only (not lines of code)
    --good=GOOD           Comma separated list of exact module names to match
    --bad=BAD             Comma separated list of exact module names to exclude
                        (takes precedence over --good and --good-regex)
    --good-regex=GOOD_REGEX
                        Regular expression of module to match
    --bad-regex=BAD_REGEX
                        Regular expression of module to exclude (takes
                        precedence over --good and --good-regex)
    --good-preset=GOOD_PRESET
                        A key in the GOOD_PRESETS setting
    --bad-preset=BAD_PRESET
                        A key in the BAD_PRESETS setting
    --version             show program's version number and exit
    -h, --help            show this help message and exit

或者

$ python manage.py trace runserver
01->django.core.management:128:     try:
01->django.core.management:129:         app_name = get_commands()[name]
02-->django.core.management:95:     if _commands is None:
02-->django.core.management:114:     return _commands
01->django.core.management:130:         if isinstance(app_name, BaseCommand):
01->django.core.management:134:             klass = load_command_class(app_name, name)
02-->django.core.management:69:     module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name))
03--->django.utils.importlib:26:     if name.startswith('.'):
03--->django.utils.importlib:35:     __import__(name)
04---->django.contrib.staticfiles.management.commands.runserver:1: from optparse import make_option
04---->django.contrib.staticfiles.management.commands.runserver:3: from django.conf import settings
04---->django.contrib.staticfiles.management.commands.runserver:4: from django.core.management.commands.runserver import BaseRunserverCommand
05----->django.core.management.commands.runserver:1: from optparse import make_option
05----->django.core.management.commands.runserver:2: import os
05----->django.core.management.commands.runserver:3: import re
05----->django.core.management.commands.runserver:4: import sys
05----->django.core.management.commands.runserver:5: import socket
05----->django.core.management.commands.runserver:7: from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
05----->django.core.management.commands.runserver:8: from django.core.servers.basehttp import AdminMediaHandler, run, WSGIServerException, get_internal_wsgi_application
06------>django.core.servers.basehttp:8: """
06------>django.core.servers.basehttp:10: import os
06------>django.core.servers.basehttp:11: import socket
06------>django.core.servers.basehttp:12: import sys
06------>django.core.servers.basehttp:13: import traceback
...

或者

$ python manage.py trace --bad=django,SocketServer --calls-only runserver
01->wsgiref:23: """
01->wsgiref.simple_server:11: """
02-->BaseHTTPServer:18: """
03--->BaseHTTPServer:102: class HTTPServer(SocketServer.TCPServer):
03--->BaseHTTPServer:114: class BaseHTTPRequestHandler(SocketServer.StreamRequestHandler):
02-->wsgiref.handlers:1: """Base classes for server/gateway implementations"""
03--->wsgiref.util:1: """Miscellaneous WSGI-related Utilities"""
04---->wsgiref.util:11: class FileWrapper:
03--->wsgiref.headers:6: """
04---->wsgiref.headers:42: class Headers:
03--->wsgiref.handlers:43: class BaseHandler:
03--->wsgiref.handlers:371: class SimpleHandler(BaseHandler):
03--->wsgiref.handlers:412: class BaseCGIHandler(SimpleHandler):
03--->wsgiref.handlers:453: class CGIHandler(BaseCGIHandler):
02-->wsgiref.simple_server:26: class ServerHandler(SimpleHandler):
02-->wsgiref.simple_server:42: class WSGIServer(HTTPServer):
02-->wsgiref.simple_server:83: class WSGIRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
01->contextlib:53: def contextmanager(func):
01->contextlib:53: def contextmanager(func):
Validating models...

0 errors found
Django version 1.4, using settings 'myproj.settings'
Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
01->myproj.wsgi:15: """
01->wsgiref.simple_server:48:     def server_bind(self):
02-->BaseHTTPServer:106:     def server_bind(self):
02-->wsgiref.simple_server:53:     def setup_environ(self):
01->wsgiref.simple_server:53:     def setup_environ(self):
01->wsgiref.simple_server:66:     def set_app(self,application)