Triggers are colliders used to detect other colliders enter it, which you can use to script events. For example, you can detect when a player character enters a room, and use this in your script to trigger an event.
Triggers don't generate collisions.
Note
Triangle Mesh colliders cannot be triggers.
Triggers use dedicated trigger events that you can register for:
Trigger.TriggerEnter
Trigger.TriggerExit
To learn more about using triggers see tutorial How to use a trigger.