Loops: while and for (#34)

* feat: translation of Loops: while and for

* Update 1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/2-which-value-while/solution.md

Co-Authored-By: Jason Huang <[email protected]>

* Update 1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/2-which-value-while/task.md

Co-Authored-By: Jason Huang <[email protected]>

* Update 1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/4-for-even/solution.md

Co-Authored-By: Jason Huang <[email protected]>

* Update 1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/7-list-primes/task.md

Co-Authored-By: Jason Huang <[email protected]>

* Update 1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/1-loop-last-value/solution.md

Co-Authored-By: ArvinH <[email protected]>

* Update 1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/article.md

Co-Authored-By: ArvinH <[email protected]>

* Update 1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/article.md

Co-Authored-By: ArvinH <[email protected]>

Author: lenchen1112

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/1-loop-last-value/solution.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-The answer: `1`.
+答案是：`1`。
 
 ```js run
 let i = 3;
@@ -8,18 +8,19 @@ while (i) {
 }
 ```
 
-Every loop iteration decreases `i` by `1`. The check `while(i)` stops the loop when `i = 0`.
+每次迴圈迭代後都會把 `i` 減少 `1`。當 `i = 0` 時，`while(i)` 這個檢查會停止迴圈。
 
-Hence, the steps of the loop form the following sequence ("loop unrolled"):
+因此，迴圈的步驟形成以下序列（"循環展開（loop unrolled）"）：
 
 ```js
 let i = 3;
 
-alert(i--); // shows 3, decreases i to 2
+alert(i--); // 顯示 3，將 i 降至 2
 
-alert(i--) // shows 2, decreases i to 1
+alert(i--) // 顯示 2，將 i 降至 1
 
-alert(i--) // shows 1, decreases i to 0
+alert(i--) // 顯示 1，將 i 降至 0
 
-// done, while(i) check stops the loop
+// 完成，while(i) 檢查後會停止迴圈
 ```
+

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/1-loop-last-value/task.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ importance: 3
 
 ---
 
-# Last loop value
+# 迴圈最後的值
 
-What is the last value alerted by this code? Why?
+程式碼最後顯示的值是？為什麼？
 
 ```js
 let i = 3;
@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ while (i) {
   alert( i-- );
 }
 ```
+

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/2-which-value-while/solution.md

@@ -1,30 +1,31 @@
-The task demonstrates how postfix/prefix forms can lead to different results when used in comparisons.
+本課題演示了 前置/後置 型式是怎麼在比較時導致不同結果。
 
-1. **From 1 to 4**
+1. **從 1 到 4**
 
     ```js run
     let i = 0;
     while (++i < 5) alert( i );
     ```
 
-    The first value is `i = 1`, because `++i` first increments `i` and then returns the new value. So the first comparison is `1 < 5` and the `alert` shows `1`.
+    一開始的值為 `i = 1`，因為 `++i` 會先遞增 `i` 再回傳新的值。所以第一個比較是 `1 < 5`，而 `alert` 將顯示 `1`。
 
-    Then follow `2, 3, 4…` -- the values show up one after another. The comparison always uses the incremented value, because `++` is before the variable.
+    接著 `2, 3, 4...` 這些值一個個顯示出來。比較總是會使用遞增後的值，因為 `++` 被放在變數之前。
 
-    Finally, `i = 4` is incremented to `5`, the comparison `while(5 < 5)` fails, and the loop stops. So `5` is not shown.
-2. **From 1 to 5**
+    最後，`i = 4` 遞增至 `5`，比較 `while(5 < 5)` 失敗了而迴圈停止，所以 `5` 不會被顯示。
+2. **從 1 到 5**
 
     ```js run
     let i = 0;
     while (i++ < 5) alert( i );
     ```
 
-    The first value is again `i = 1`. The postfix form of `i++` increments `i` and then returns the *old* value, so the comparison `i++ < 5` will use `i = 0` (contrary to `++i < 5`).
+    一開始的值也是 `i = 1`，後置型式 `i++` 遞增 `i` 並回傳 *原本* 的值，所以比較 `i++ < 5` 將會使用 `i = 0`（與 `++i < 5` 不同）。
 
-    But the `alert` call is separate. It's another statement which executes after the increment and the comparison. So it gets the current `i = 1`.
+    但 `alert` 是分開呼叫的，它在遞增和比較之後的另一個述語內執行，所以得到 `i = 1`。
 
-    Then follow `2, 3, 4…`
+    接下來是 `2, 3, 4...`
 
-    Let's stop on `i = 4`. The prefix form `++i` would increment it and use `5` in the comparison. But here we have the postfix form `i++`. So it increments `i` to `5`, but returns the old value. Hence the comparison is actually `while(4 < 5)` -- true, and the control goes on to `alert`.
+    讓我們先在 `i = 4` 停下來。使用前置型式 `++i` 將會遞增並使用 `5` 做比較，但這裡我們使用的是後置型式 `i++`，所以它遞增了 `i` 至 `5`，但回傳舊的值。因此事實上比較的是 `while(4 < 5)` -- 為真，故控制權依然給了 `alert`。
+
+    `i = 5` 是最後一個值了，因為下一步 `while(5 < 5)` 為假。
 
-    The value `i = 5` is the last one, because on the next step `while(5 < 5)` is false.

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/2-which-value-while/task.md

@@ -2,21 +2,22 @@ importance: 4
 
 ---
 
-# Which values does the while loop show?
+# while 迴圈會顯示哪些值？
 
-For every loop iteration, write down which value it outputs and then compare it with the solution.
+對於每一次迴圈迭代，寫下它會輸出哪些值並和解答比較。
 
-Both loops `alert` the same values, or not?
+兩個迴圈是否 `alert` 相同的值？
 
-1. The prefix form `++i`:
+1. 前置型式 `++i`：
 
     ```js
     let i = 0;
     while (++i < 5) alert( i );
     ```
-2. The postfix form `i++`
+2. 後置型式 `i++`：
 
     ```js
     let i = 0;
     while (i++ < 5) alert( i );
     ```
+

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/3-which-value-for/solution.md

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-**The answer: from `0` to `4` in both cases.**
+**答案是：兩者都是從 `0` 到 `4`。**
 
 ```js run
 for (let i = 0; i < 5; ++i) alert( i );
 
 for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) alert( i );
 ```
 
-That can be easily deducted from the algorithm of `for`:
+該結果可以簡單地由 `for` 演算法推導出來：
 
-1. Execute once `i = 0` before everything (begin).
-2. Check the condition `i < 5`
-3. If `true` -- execute the loop body `alert(i)`, and then `i++`
+1. 在開始前（begin），執行一次 `i = 0`。
+2. 檢查條件 `i < 5`。
+3. 若為 `true` -- 執行迴圈本體 `alert(i)` 並 `i++`。
 
-The increment `i++` is separated from the condition check (2). That's just another statement.
+遞增 `i++` 跟條件檢查（2）是分開的，它就是另一個述語。
+
+遞增所回傳的值沒有在這邊被使用到，所以在 `i++` 和 `++i` 之間沒有任何區別。
 
-The value returned by the increment is not used here, so there's no difference between `i++` and `++i`.

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/3-which-value-for/task.md

@@ -2,19 +2,20 @@ importance: 4
 
 ---
 
-# Which values get shown by the "for" loop?
+# 哪些值會被 "for" 迴圈顯示？
 
-For each loop write down which values it is going to show. Then compare with the answer.
+對於每個迴圈，寫下它會顯示的值，然後跟答案比較。
 
-Both loops `alert` same values or not?
+兩個迴圈是否 `alert` 相同的值？
 
-1. The postfix form:
+1. 前置型式：
 
     ```js
     for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) alert( i );
     ```
-2. The prefix form:
+2. 後置型式：
 
     ```js
     for (let i = 0; i < 5; ++i) alert( i );
     ```
+

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/4-for-even/solution.md

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 
-
 ```js run demo
 for (let i = 2; i <= 10; i++) {
   if (i % 2 == 0) {
@@ -8,4 +7,5 @@ for (let i = 2; i <= 10; i++) {
 }
 ```
 
-We use the "modulo" operator `%` to get the remainder and check for the evenness here.
+我們使用 "模數（modulo）" 運算子 `%` 來得到餘數，並確認是否為偶數。
+

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/4-for-even/task.md

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ importance: 5
 
 ---
 
-# Output even numbers in the loop
+# 在迴圈內輸出偶數
 
-Use the `for` loop to output even numbers from `2` to `10`.
+使用 `for` 迴圈輸出由 `2` 至 `10` 間的偶數。
 
 [demo]

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/5-replace-for-while/solution.md

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 
-
 ```js run
 let i = 0;
 while (i < 3) {

1-js/02-first-steps/12-while-for/5-replace-for-while/task.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ importance: 5
 
 ---
 
-# Replace "for" with "while"
+# 使用 "while" 取代 "for"
 
-Rewrite the code changing the `for` loop to `while` without altering its behavior (the output should stay same).
+使用 `while` 改寫以下使用 `for` 迴圈的程式碼，並且不改變其行為（輸出要維持一樣）。
 
 ```js run
 for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {