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‎LANGS.md

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* [French](fr/)
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* [中文](zh/)
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* [日本語](ja/)
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* [Português - Brasil](pt-br/)

‎README.md

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* [中文](zh/)
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* [日本語](ja/)
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* [Turkish](tr/)
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* [Português - Brasil](pt-br/)
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# Donate
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‎pt-br/01.0.md

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# 1 Configuração do ambiente de desenvolvimento
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Seja bem vindo ao mundo Go, vamos começar a explorar!
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Go é uma linguagem compilada rápida incluindo coletor de lixo e multiplataforma. Veja abaixo algumas vantagens de utiliza-la:
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- Compilação rápida em projetos de todos os portes.
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- Mantém um modelo padrão no desenvolvimento de software, sendo assim evitando futuros problemas associados ao estilo C de desenvolvimento.
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- É estática, não tem niveis no seu sistema de tipo, então não precisaremos gastar tempo trabalhando com a relação de tipos de variaveis. É bem leve e orientada a objetos.
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- Realiza a coleta de lixo. Isso melhora o desempenho e a comunicação com diversos sistemas operacionais;
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- Foi desenvida para todas as plataformas.
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Go é uma linguagem compilada. Combina a eficiência de desenvolvimento das linguagens interpretadas e dinâmicas por sua segurança em tipos estáticos. É uma ótima escolha por ser multi-plataforma e moderna. Por um tempo não haviam pacotes e ferramentas de terceiros para resolver problemas comuns e tudo tinha que ser feito e refeito, como reconstruir a roda, por isso nasceu o interesse na linguagem.
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Nesse capitulo, vamos aprender a instalar e configurar nosso próprio ambiente de desenvolviment.
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## Links
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- [Directory](preface.md)
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- Próxima sessão: [Instalação](01.1.md)

‎pt-br/01.1.md

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# 1.1 Installation
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## Three ways to install Go
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There are many ways to configure the Go development environment on your computer, and you can choose whichever one you like. The three most common ways are as follows.
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- Official installation packages.
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- The Go team provides convenient installation packages in Windows, Linux, Mac and other operating systems. This is probably the easiest way to get started.
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- Install it yourself from source code.
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- Popular with developers who are familiar with Unix-like systems.
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- Using third-party tools.
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- There are many third-party tools and package managers for installing Go, like apt-get in Ubuntu and homebrew for Mac.
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In case you want to install more than one version of Go on a computer, you should take a look at a tool called [GVM](https://github.com/moovweb/gvm). It is the best tool I've seen so far for accomplishing this task, otherwise you'd have to deal with it yourself.
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## Install from source code
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Because some parts of Go are written in Plan 9 C and AT&T assembler, you have to install a C compiler before taking the next step.
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On a Mac, if you have installed Xcode, you already have the compiler.
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On Unix-like systems, you need to install gcc or a similar compiler. For example, using the package manager apt-get (included with Ubuntu), one can install the required compilers as follows:
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`sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev`
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On Windows, you need to install MinGW in order to install gcc. Don't forget to configure your environment variables after the installation has completed.( ***Everything that looks like this means it's commented by a translator: If you are using 64-bit Windows, you should install the 64-bit version of MinGW*** )
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At this point, execute the following commands to clone the Go source code and compile it.( ***It will clone the source code to your current directory. Switch your work path before you continue. This may take some time.*** )
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git clone https://go.googlesource.com/go
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cd go/src
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./all.bash
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A successful installation will end with the message "ALL TESTS PASSED."
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On Windows, you can achieve the same by running `all.bat`.
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If you are using Windows, the installation package will set your environment variables automatically. In Unix-like systems, you need to set these variables manually as follows. ( ***If your Go version is greater than 1.0, you don't have to set $GOBIN, and it will automatically be related to your $GOROOT/bin, which we will talk about in the next section***)
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export GOROOT=$HOME/go
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export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin
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export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
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If you see the following information on your screen, you're all set.
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![](images/1.1.mac.png?raw=true)
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Figure 1.1 Information after installing from source code
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Once you see the usage information of Go, it means you have successfully installed Go on your computer. If it says "no such command", check that your $PATH environment variable contains the installation path of Go.
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## Using the standard installation packages
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Go has one-click installation packages for every supported operating system. These packages will install Go in `/usr/local/go` (`c:\Go` in Windows) by default. Of course this can be modified, but you also need to change all the environment variables manually as I've shown above.
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### How to check if your operating system is 32-bit or 64-bit?
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Our next step depends on your operating system type, so we have to check it before we download the standard installation packages.
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If you are using Windows, press `Win+R` and then run the command tool. Type the `systeminfo` command and it will show you some useful system information. Find the line that says "system type" -if you see "x64-based PC" that means your operating system is 64-bit, 32-bit otherwise.
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I strongly recommend downloading the 64-bit package if you are a Mac user, as Go no longer supports pure 32-bit processors on Mac OSX.
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Linux users can type `uname -a` in the terminal to see system information.
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A 64-bit operating system will show the following:
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<some description> x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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// some machines such as Ubuntu 10.04 will show as following
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x86_64 GNU/Linux
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32-bit operating systems instead show:
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<some description> i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
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### Mac
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Go to the [download page](https://golang.org/dl/), choose `go1.4.2.darwin-386.pkg` for 32-bit systems and `go1.4.2.darwin-amd64.pkg` for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", `~/go/bin` will be added to your system's $PATH after you finish the installation. Now open the terminal and type `go`. You should see the same output shown in igure 1.1.
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### Linux
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Go to the [download page](https://golang.org/dl/), choose `go1.4.2.linux-386.tar.gz` for 32-bit systems and `go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz` for 64-bit systems. Suppose you want to install Go in the `$GO_INSTALL_DIR` path. Uncompress the `tar.gz` to your chosen path using the command `tar zxvf go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C $GO_INSTALL_DIR`. Then set your $PATH with the following: `export PATH=$PATH:$GO_INSTALL_DIR/go/bin`. Now just open the terminal and type `go`. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
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### Windows
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Go to the [download page](https://golang.org/dl/), choose `go1.4.2.windows-386.msi` for 32-bit systems and `go1.4.2.windows-amd64.msi` for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", `c:/go/bin` will be added to `path`. Now just open a command line window and type `go`. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
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## Use third-party tools
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### GVM
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GVM is a Go multi-version control tool developed by a third-party, like rvm for ruby. It's quite easy to use. Install gvm by typing the following commands in your terminal:
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bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.github.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
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Then we install Go using the following commands:
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gvm install go1.4.2
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gvm use go1.4.2
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After the process has finished, you're all set.
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### apt-get
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Ubuntu is the most popular desktop release version of Linux. It uses `apt-get` to manage packages. We can install Go using the following commands.
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gophers/go
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install golang-stable
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### Homebrew
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Homebrew is a software management tool commonly used in Mac to manage packages. Just type the following commands to install Go.
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brew install go
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## Links
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- [Directory](preface.md)
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- Previous section: [Go environment configuration](01.0.md)
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- Next section: [$GOPATH and workspace](01.2.md)

‎pt-br/01.2.md

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#1.2 $GOPATH and workspace
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## $GOPATH
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Go commands all rely on one important environment variable called $GOPATH. Notice that this is not the $GOROOT variable where Go is installed. This variable points to the workspace of Go on your computer (I use this path on my computer; if you don't have the same directory structure, please replace by yourself).
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In Unix-like systems, the variable should be used like this:
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export GOPATH=/home/apple/mygo
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In Windows, you need to create a new environment variable called GOPATH, then set its value to `c:\mygo`( ***This value depends on where your workspace is located*** )
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It's OK to have more than one path (workspace) in $GOPATH, but remember that you have to use `:`(`;` in Windows) to break them up. At this point, `go get` will save the content to your first path in $GOPATH.
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In $GOPATH, you must have three folders as follows.
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- `src` for source files whose suffix is .go, .c, .g, .s.
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- `pkg` for compiled files whose suffix is .a.
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- `bin` for executable files
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In this book, I use `mygo` as my only path in $GOPATH.
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## Package directory
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Create package source files and folders like `$GOPATH/src/mymath/sqrt.go` (`mymath` is the package name) ( ***Author uses `mymath` as his package name, and same name for the folder where contains package source files***)
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Every time you create a package, you should create a new folder in the `src` directory. Folder names are usually the same as the package that you are going to use. You can have multi-level directories if you want to. For example, if you create the directory `$GOPATH/src/github.com/astaxie/beedb`, then the package path would be `github.com/astaxie/beedb`. The package name will be the last directory in your path, which is `beedb` in this case.
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Execute following commands. ( ***Now author goes back to talk examples*** )
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cd $GOPATH/src
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mkdir mymath
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Create a new file called `sqrt.go`, type following content to your file.
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// Source code of $GOPATH/src/mymath/sqrt.go
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package mymath
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func Sqrt(x float64) float64 {
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z := 0.0
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for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
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z -= (z*z - x) / (2 * x)
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}
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return z
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}
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Now my package directory has been created and its code has been written. I recommend that you use the same name for your packages as their corresponding directories, and that the directories contain all of the package source files.
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## Compile packages
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We've already created our package above, but how do we compile it for practical purposes? There are two ways to do this.
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1. Switch your work path to the directory of your package, then execute the `go install` command.
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2. Execute the above command except with a file name, like `go install mymath`.
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After compiling, we can open the following folder.
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cd $GOPATH/pkg/${GOOS}_${GOARCH}
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// you can see the file was generated
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mymath.a
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The file whose suffix is `.a` is the binary file of our package. How do we use it?
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Obviously, we need to create a new application to use it.
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Create a new application package called `mathapp`.
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cd $GOPATH/src
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mkdir mathapp
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cd mathapp
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vim main.go
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code
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//$GOPATH/src/mathapp/main.go source code.
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package main
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import (
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"mymath"
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"fmt"
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)
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func main() {
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fmt.Printf("Hello, world. Sqrt(2) = %v\n", mymath.Sqrt(2))
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}
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To compile this application, you need to switch to the application directory, which in this case is `$GOPATH/src/mathapp`, then execute the `go install` command. Now you should see an executable file called `mathapp` was generated in the directory `$GOPATH/bin/`. To run this program, use the `./mathapp` command. You should see the following content in your terminal.
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Hello world. Sqrt(2) = 1.414213562373095
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## Install remote packages
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Go has a tool for installing remote packages, which is a command called `go get`. It supports most open source communities, including Github, Google Code, BitBucket, and Launchpad.
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go get github.com/astaxie/beedb
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You can use `go get -u …` to update your remote packages and it will automatically install all the dependent packages as well.
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This tool will use different version control tools for different open source platforms. For example, `git` for Github and `hg` for Google Code. Therefore, you have to install these version control tools before you use `go get`.
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After executing the above commands, the directory structure should look like following.
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$GOPATH
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src
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|-github.com
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|-astaxie
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|-beedb
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pkg
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|--${GOOS}_${GOARCH}
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|-github.com
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|-astaxie
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|-beedb.a
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Actually, `go get` clones source code to the $GOPATH/src of the local file system, then executes `go install`.
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You can use remote packages in the same way that we use local packages.
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import "github.com/astaxie/beedb"
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## Directory complete structure
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If you've followed all of the above steps, your directory structure should now look like the following.
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bin/
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mathapp
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pkg/
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${GOOS}_${GOARCH}, such as darwin_amd64, linux_amd64
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mymath.a
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github.com/
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astaxie/
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beedb.a
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src/
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mathapp
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main.go
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mymath/
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sqrt.go
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github.com/
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astaxie/
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beedb/
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beedb.go
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util.go
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Now you are able to see the directory structure clearly; `bin` contains executable files, `pkg` contains compiled files and `src` contains package source files.
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(The format of environment variables in Windows is `%GOPATH%`, however this book mainly follows the Unix-style, so Windows users need to replace these yourself.)
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## Links
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- [Directory](preface.md)
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- Previous section: [Installation](01.1.md)
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- Next section: [Go commands](01.3.md)

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