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		<title>Advanced Networking - Module 4 Chapter 6 - Broadband Solutions</title>

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				<section>
					<h1>Advanced Networking</h1>
					<h2>Routing & Switching:<h2>
					<h2>Connecting Networks</h2>
					<h3>Chapter 6:</h3>
					<h3>Broadband Solutions</h3>
					<p>
						<small><a href="http://hlcs.it">Hacklab Cosenza</a> / Centro di Ricerca su Tecnologia e Innovazione</small>
					</p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Teleworking</h2>
					<p>In the new era of telecommunications, companies are increasingly offering their employees the possubilità to continue their work even outside the classical work station.</p>
					<p>Lawyers, Programmers, Sellers etc. need to work out the office with the access to the networks resorces of the company.</p>
					<ul>
						<li>NAS, Remote desktop, etc</li>
					</ul>
					<p>Broadband solutions are the foundations on which you base teleworking, and without which it could not be used.</p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<section>
						<h2>Teleworking Benefit: Employers</h2>
						<ul>
							<li>Improved employee productivity</li>
							<ul>
								<li>Employees work betters out of the office</li>
							</ul>
							<li>Reduced costs and expenses</li>
							<ul>
								<li>Need low space</li>
								<li>Lower costs for rentals</li>
							</ul>
							<li>Easier recruitment and retention</li>
							<ul>
								<li>Turnover is easier</li>
							</ul>
							<li>Reduced absenteeism</li>
							<ul>
								<li>working at home or everywere</li>
							</ul>
							<li>Improved morale</li>
							<ul>
								<li>teleworking can work everytime in a friendly location</li>
							</ul>
							<li>Improved corporate citizenship</li>
							<ul>
								<li>less CO2 emissions</li>
							</ul>
							<li>Improved customer service</li>
							<ul>
								<li>no stress to go to work = Better answers to Clients</li>
							</ul>
						</ul>
					</section>
					<section>
						<h2>Teleworking Benefit: Community and Government</h2>
						<ul>
							<li>Helps reduce traffic and infrastructure requirements</li>
							<li>Helps reduce urban drift</li>
							<li>Improved rural and suburban amenities</li>
						</ul>
					</section>
					<section>
						<h2>Teleworking Benefit: Individuals</h2>
						<ul>
							<li>Increase personal productivity</li>
							<li>Help family relationships</li>
							<li>Flexible in the schedules</li>
							<li>It reduces costs for employees</li>
						</ul>
					</section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<section>
						<h2>Detriments to Teleworking: Employer</h2>
						<ul>
							<li>Tracking of employee progress</li>
							<ul>
								<li>out of sight...</li>
							</ul>
							<li>Necessary to implement a new management style</li>
							<ul>
								<li>there may be problems in understanding tasks without in-person contacts with employees</li>
							</ul>
						</ul>
					</section>
					<section>
						<h2>Detriments to Teleworking: Employee</h2>
						<ul>
							<li>Feeling of isolation</li>
							<li>Slower connections</li>
							<li>Distractions</li>
							<ul>
								<li>TV, children, youtube...</li>
							</ul>
						</ul>
					</section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Teleworker Solution</h2>
					<p>For a company that wants to allow teleworking must make many choices for secure connections and affordable to allow workers to connect with the corporate network. These choices get harder as you teleworkers increase.</p>
					<p>The main technologies used:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>Broadband connections</li>
						<ul>
							<li>fiber-to-the-home, coaxial cable systems, wireless, and satellite.</li>
						</ul>
						<li>IPsec VPNs</li>
						<ul>
							<li>secure VPN over the public Internet</li>
						</ul>
						<li>Traditional private WAN Layer 2 technologies</li>
						<ul>
							<li>Frame Relay, ATM, and leased lines</li>
						</ul>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Teleworker Connectivity Requirements</h2>
					<p>Regardless of the media for remote connection chosen, telework needed:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>Home office components</li>
						<ul>
							<li>PCs, broadbend connations, VPN router o VPN client software</li>
						</ul>
						<li>Corporate components</li>
						<ul>
							<li>VPN-capable routers, VPN concentrators, multifunction security appliances, authentication, and central management devices</li>
						</ul>
						<li>QoS</li>
						<ul>
							<li>For support Voip, VideoConference</li>
						</ul>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Cable</h2>
					<p>It uses a coaxial cable in which radio frequencies are transmitted. You can have signal <strong>transmission in both directions</strong> at the same time.</p>
					<p>In the USA (main user) is used for television broadcasts and for its gaming system. Two-way Cable operators now offer customers advanced telecommunications services, including high-speed Internet access, digital cable television, and residential telephone service. </p>
					<p>The reason for which you may offer different services is that each of them is on a different electromagnetic frequency.</p>
					<p>Its components are:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)</li>
						<li>Cable Modem (CM) on the subscriber end</li>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<section>
						<h2>DOCSIS</h2>
						<p>DOCSIS provides great variety in options available at OSI layers 1 and 2, the physical and data link layers.</p>
						<h3>Physical layer</h3>
						<p>Channel width:</p>
						<ul>
							<li>Downstream:6 MHz channels (e.g. North America) or 8 MHz channels ("EuroDOCSIS").</li>
							<li>Upstream: DOCSIS 1.0/1.1 specifies channel widths between 200 kHz and 3.2 MHz. DOCSIS 2.0 also specifies 6.4 MHz.</li>
						</ul>
					</section>
					<section>
						<h2>DOCSIS</h2>
						<h3>Data link layer</h3>
						<p>DOCSIS use a mix of deterministic access methods for upstream transmissions, with a limited use of contention for bandwidth requests. Due to this, it experiences relatively few collisions, in contrast to the pure contention-based MAC CSMA/CD employed in older Ethernet systems (there is no contention in switched Ethernet).</p>
						<p>For DOCSIS 1.1 and above the MAC layer also includes extensive quality-of-service (QoS) features that help to efficiently support applications that have specific traffic requirements such as low latency, e.g. voice over IP.</p>
						<p>DOCSIS 3.0 features channel bonding, which enables multiple downstream and upstream channels to be used together at the same time by a single subscriber.</p>
					</section>
					<section>
						<h2>DOCSIS</h2>
						<h3>Throughput</h3>
						<p>30.72 Mbit/s per 6.4 MHz channel, or 10.24 Mbit/s per 3.2 MHz channel. All three versions of the DOCSIS standard support a downstream throughput with 256-QAM of up to 42.88 Mbit/s per 6 MHz channel, or 55.62 Mbit/s per 8 MHz channel for EuroDOCSIS.</p>
						<h3>Network layer</h3>
						<p>DOCSIS modems are managed via an IP address. DOCSIS 3.0 adds management over IPv6.</p>
					</section>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>DSL</h2>
					<p>DLS provide high speed connections using copper wires used for telephony.</p>
					<p>This is possible because voice use only a little portion of RF signal carried by copper wires (voice 300Hz~3kHz) and we can use the other  frequency (3kHz-1MHz) for data.</p>
					<p>It’s a connection that the ISP use in a loop, or last mile.</p>
					<p>ADSL and SDLS can perform a maximum of 40Mb/s of bandwidth in a loop.</p>
					<p>The component of a DLS connections are:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>DLS Modem or TransRecever (users side)</li>
						<li>DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) to combine multiple DLS in a larger connection (ISP side)</li>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Separating Voice and Data in ADSL</h2>
					<p>The DSL use a single pair of wire for costumers, in this wire can be shared voice and data.</p>
					<p>To separe data from voice, that can be alterated by data frequency, can be used:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>A Microfilter</li>
						<ul>
							<li>Low passed filter that allow to use any telephone jack to connect DLS Modem</li>
						</ul>
						<li>A Splitter</li>
						<ul>
							<li>Separe Date and voice in 2 line</li>
						</ul>
					</ul>
					<p></p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Broadband Wireless Solutions</h2>
					<ul>
						<li>Municipal Wi-Fi (Mesh)</li>
						<ul>
							<li>Wireless interconnected hotspot offer by govenment or citizen (Ninux)</li>
						</ul>
						<li>WiMAX</li>
						<li>Cellular/Mobile Implementations</li>
						<ul>
							<li>Wireless Internet, 2G/3G/4G</li>
							<li>Long-Term Evolution (LTE)</li>
						</ul>
						<li>Satellite Implementations</li>
						<ul>
							<li>One-way multicast</li>
							<li>One-way terrestrial return</li>
							<li>Two-way satellite Internet</li>
						</ul>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Comparing Broadband Solutions</h2>
					<p>Factors that can be used for media choice:</p>
					<small>
						<table>
							<tr>
								<td><strong>Cable</strong></td>
								<td>Bandwidth is shared by many users, upstream data rates are often slow</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td><strong>DSL</strong></td>
								<td></td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td><strong>Fiber-to-the-Home</strong></td>
								<td>Limited bandwidth that is distance sensitive, upstream rate is proportionally quite small compared to downstream rate</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td><strong>Cellular/Mobile</strong></td>
								<td> Requires fiber installation directly to the home</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td><strong>Wi-Fi Mesh</strong></td>
								<td>Coverage is often an issue, even within a SOHO, bandwidth is relatively limited</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td><strong>WiMAX</strong></td>
								<td>Bit rate is limited to 2 Mb/s per subscriber, cell size is 1 to 2 km.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td><strong>Satellite</strong></td>
								<td>Expensive, limited capacity per subscriber; often provides access where no other access is possible.</td>
							</tr>
						</table>
					</small>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>PPP Configuration</h2>
					<pre><code>Router(config)# interface dialer 1
Router(config-if)# mtu 1492 Router(config-if)# ip address negotiated
Router(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Router(config-if)# dialer pool 1
Router(config-if)# ppp authentication chap callin
Router(config-if)# ppp chap hostname Cust1
Router(config-if)# ppp chap password ciscopppoe </code></pre>
					<pre><code>Router(config)# interface g0/1
Router(config-if)# no ip address
Router(config-if)# pppoe enable
Router(config-if)# pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1</code></pre>
				</section>

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					<h1>End of Lesson</h1>
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