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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Intro to Node.js ~ Girl Develop It</title>
<meta name="description" content="An introduction to Node.js">
<meta name="author" content="Girl Develop It">
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<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<!-- Opening -->
<section>
<img src="img/circle-gdi-logo.png" alt="GDI Logo" />
<h3>Intro to Node.js Part 1</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Welcome!</h3>
<div class="left-align">
<p>Girl Develop It is here to provide affordable and accessible programs to learn software through mentorship and hands-on instruction.</p>
<p class="green">Some "rules"</p>
<ul>
<li>We are here for you!</li>
<li>Every question is important</li>
<li>Help each other</li>
<li>Have fun</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Welcome!</h3>
<div class="left-align">
<p class="blue">Tell us about yourself.</p>
<ul>
<li>Who are you?</li>
<li>What do you hope to get out of the class?</li>
<li>What is your favorite dinosaur?</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>The plan</h2>
<ul>
<li>What is Node</li>
<li>What is npm</li>
<li>Using node packages</li>
<li>Overview of server response cycle</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Quick CLI review!</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Commands used often:</h2>
<ul>
<li>mkdir</li>
<li>cd</li>
<li>ls [-la]</li>
<li>cat</li>
<li>rm [-rf]</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Node.js</h2>
<ul>
<li>Server-side JavaScript</li>
<li>Event-driven</li>
<li>Non-blocking</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Server-side?</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Clients and servers</h3>
<p>How your computer accesses websites</p>
<p>But ALSO how computers talk to <em>each other</em></p>
<img src="img/client-server.png" />
<strike><p class = "fragment">JavaScript (in our context) is "client side"</p></strike>
<p class="fragment">You can run JavaScript on the server with the help of Node.js!</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>What does non-blocking mean?</h1>
<h4>(prepare for silly exercise)</h4>
<aside class="notes">
Ask for two participants. Inform them that they are two web services, and they accept requests. Ask student A to say "banana" when you point to her, but sometimes waiting a couple seconds because sometimes requests take a little while. After student A
has said "banana," point to student B who says "dance".
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/bananadance.gif" />
</section>
<section>
<h2>When to use Node</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Scripting on your computer</li>
<li class="fragment">Setting up a web server</li>
<li class="fragment">Building a cross-platform app (ex. Electron)</li>
<li class="fragment">Managing dependencies (npm)</li>
<li class="fragment"><strike>Take over the world</strike> Maybe?</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Exercise-->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It!</h3>
<ul>
<li>If you haven't yet installed the required materials, install: git and nvm</li>
<li>Install version 8.9.4 of Node (LTS) with <code>nvm install 8.9.4</code></li>
<li>Run <code>node -v</code> in your terminal and see what it says</li>
<li>Node comes with npm, but make sure yours is up to date with <code>npm install npm@latest -g</code></li>
<li>Run <code>npm -v</code> in your terminal and see what it says</li>
<li>Run <code>node</code> to access the REPL, try out some JS! Use <code>.exit</code> to exit</li>
<li><strong>BONUS</strong> Create a JavaScript file and run it from the command line using <code>node [YOUR_FILE].js</code></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>npm</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>npm</h2>
<ul>
<li>“node package manager,” but also "the package manager for JavaScript" according to <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/">npmjs.com</a></li>
<li>Package ecosystem</li>
<li><a href="http://www.modulecounts.com/">Largest ecosystem of open source libraries in the world!</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>NPM packages</h2>
<h3>Some examples</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/lodash">lodash</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/webpack">webpack</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/react">react</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/express">express</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It! (together)</h3>
<ul>
<li>Make a new directory and <code>cd</code> into it</li>
<li>Run <code>npm init</code></li>
<li>What happens with <code>npm init --yes</code>?</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Writing a Node script</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Node.js API</h3>
<p>Node.js contains many useful core modules for us to use, such one to use the file system</p>
<pre><code>const fs = require('fs');
fs.readFile('ourfile.txt', 'utf8', function(err, data) {
// do things
});
const data = fs.readFileSync('ourfile.txt', 'utf8');
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It!<sup>0</sup></h3>
<ul>
<li>Create a file called script.js</li>
<li>Download <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/84/84-0.txt">Frankenstein</a> text file</li>
<li>Load the file and count instances of the word "monster," and print to stdout (our terminal)</li>
<li>BONUS: What other interesting stats can you calculate for this book? Try using both readFile and readFileSync</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What's a package.json?</h2>
<p><code>package.json</code> is a <strong>JSON</strong> file that defines information about your app, and npm knows about it</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What's a package.json?</h2>
<p>There are <a href="https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json">some rules</a> around names and other parts of your package.json, and npm will warn you if it doesn't like something</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>npm install</h2>
<ul>
<li>Different behavior depending on arguments</li>
<li>With arg: Installs a package and its dependencies to your <code>node_modules</code> folder</li>
<li>Without arg: In node project folder, will install the dependencies in the <code>package.json</code></li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
One of the most common things you will do with npm is install. This installs dependencies to your node_modules folder.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Example</h2>
<code>npm install express</code>
<aside class="notes">After running this, we can see in our node_modules folder there's a lot of stuff that wasn't there before</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Example</h2>
<p><code>npm install express</code></p>
<p><code>npm install express lodash ...</code></p>
<p>Tell npm to save a package to your package.json, or install multiple packages at once!</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>More install!</h2>
<p><code>npm install</code> is smart!</p>
<ul>
<li>Github remotes <code>npm install foo/foo</code></li>
<li>Folders <code>npm install ../foo</code></li>
<li>Package at version <code>npm install [email protected]</code></li>
<li>Install a package globally <code>npm install -g foo</code></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/install">More details in the CLI docs</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What are dependencies?</h2>
<p>A dependency is something <em>your</em> application needs to run (it <em>depends</em> on it!).</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What are dependencies?</h2>
<p>You might install a dependency that relies on something else, adding it to your <code>dependency chain</code>.</p>
<p>Check out the dependency chain for <a href="https://github.com/expressjs/express/blob/master/package.json">express</a>.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What are dependencies?</h2>
<p>Some dependencies are only used in development mode (vs production), and these are known as <code>devDependencies</code> in the package.json file.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Example</h2>
<p><code>npm install jest --save-dev</code></p>
<p><code>npm install jest -D</code></p>
<p>You can install packages as dev dependencies, meaning people who run the built package don't require these modules.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Packages vs. Modules</h2>
<blockquote>In the Node.js module system, each file is treated as a separate module. </blockquote>
<p><a href="https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html">(source)</a></p>
<p>A package describes a group of 1+ modules</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>How do we use a module?</h2>
<pre>
<code contenteditable class ="javascript">
var express = require('express');
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It!<sup>1</sup></h3>
<ul>
<li>Run <code>npm install express</code></li>
<li>What happened to your package.json file?</li>
<li>Remove the <code>node_modules</code> folder, and run <code>npm install</code>. npm installs your defined dependency!
</li>
<li>Create an <code>app.js</code> file and require express</li>
<li><strong>BONUS</strong>: Add node_modules/ to your .gitignore file</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Express.js</li>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Express features</h2>
<ul>
<li>Routes</li>
<li>Requests</li>
<li>Views</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Simple Express Server</h2>
<pre>
<code contenteditable class ="javascript">
var express = require('express');
var app = express();
app.get('/', function (req, res) {
res.send('Welcome to the GDI Node Workshop!');
});
app.listen(3000, function () {
console.log('Your app is listening on port 3000!');
});
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Run the server from npm</h2>
<pre>
<code contenteditable class ="javascript">
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"start": "node server.js"
},
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>npm scripts</h2>
<p><a href="https://docs.npmjs.com/misc/scripts">npm scripts</a> allow you to use npm to manage a lot of your app using easy commands like <code>npm start</code>, <code>npm test</code> and more.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>npm scripts</h2>
<p>People use "scripts" in package.json to: compile or preprocess code, run tests, build for a deployment or environment, or really anything!</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>npm scripts</h2>
<p>If you define an arbitrary key (not in npm docs), you can run it using <code>npm run KEY</code></p>
<pre>
<code contenteditable class ="javascript">
"scripts": {
...
"stuff": "echo \"LET'S DO STUFF\""
}
...
$ npm run stuff
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It!<sup>2</sup></h3>
<ul>
<li>Update <code>app.js</code> to run a simple web server using Express</li>
<li>Add a command to package.json to make it easy to run, probably under "start"</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>HTTP Server Basics: Request/Response</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Examples of HTTP requests:</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">GET</li>
<li class="fragment">PUT</li>
<li class="fragment">POST</li>
<li class="fragment">DELETE</li>
<li class="fragment"><a href="https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.txt">Behold the holy RFC for more about the HTTP protocol</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>And responses?</h2>
<p>They're what you get back from a request 😎</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Routes</h2>
<p>"Routes" define how a server should respond to a certain request at a certain end point or path.</p>
<pre>
<code contenteditable class ="javascript">
// app.<HTTP action>
app.get('/', function (req, res) {
res.send('Hello World!');
});
</code>
</pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What we've learned</h2>
<ul>
<li>What is Node</li>
<li>What is npm</li>
<li>Used an npm module</li>
<li>Built a web server</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Homework</h2>
<ul>
<li>Review exercises and bonus items</li>
</ul>
<p>Exercise solutions at <a href="https://github.com/pselle/Intro-to-Node.js-Exercises" alt="Exercises on GitHub">https://github.com/pselle/Intro-to-Node.js-Exercises</a></p>
</section>
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Intro to Node.js -- GDI Philly 🔔 --
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