i.md

I

I/O : → Input/Output

I18N : → Internationalization

IA : → Information architecture

IaaS : → Infrastructure as a Service

IAB : → In-App Browser : → Interactive Advertising Bureau : → Internet Architecture Board

IaC : → Infrastructure as Code

IANA : → Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

IBM Home Page Reader : → Home Page Reader

IBM WebExplorer : → WebExplorer

ICANN : → Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Icon : A pictogram or ideogram displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate a computer system. Icons make for a part of the graphical user interfaces of computer systems. †

Icon font : A font that contains symbols and glyphs rather than letters or numbers.

ID : → ID selector : → Identifier

ID selector : A selector that matches an HTML element based on the value of the element’s id attribute. The selector consists of a “#” followed by the id attribute’s value. ID selectors have a higher specificity than attribute selectors.

IDE : → Integrated Development Environment

Identifier : A name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the “object” or class may be an idea, physical, or countable object (or class thereof), or physical or uncountable substance (or class thereof). The abbreviation “ID” often refers to identity, identification (the process of identifying), or an identifier (that is, an instance of identification). An identifier may be a word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination of those. †

IDL : → Interactive Data Language : → Interface definition language : → Interface description language

IE : → Internet Explorer

IEEE : → Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF : → Internet Engineering Task Force

if : → Conditional

Iframe : A frame placed inside the body of an HTML document, usually via the iframe element.

IIFE : → Immediately Invoked Function Expression

IIS : → Internet Information Services

Image : An artifact that depicts visual perception, such as a photograph or other two-dimensional picture, particularly one that resembles a subject (usually a physical object). In the context of signal processing, an image is a distributed amplitude of color. In web development, an image often refers to an image file or element. †

Image map : A list of coordinates relating to a specific image, created in order to hyperlink areas of the image to different destinations (as opposed to a normal image link, in which the entire area of the image links to a single destination). Image maps can be created in different ways, from server-side image maps relying on the ismap attribute to client-side image maps using the map and area elements, or a combination of list markup and CSS styling. †

Image replacement : An early web design technique that uses CSS to replace text on a web page with an image containing that text. Image replacement is intended to keep the page accessible to users of screen readers, text-only web browsers, or other browsers where support for images or style sheets is either disabled or non-existent, while allowing the image to differ between styles. † ℹ︎ is.gd/LVXQZj

IMAP : → Internet Message Access Protocol

Immediately Invoked Function Expression : A JavaScript function that runs as soon as it is defined. The IIFE is a design pattern which is also known as a Self-Executing Anonymous Function and contains two major parts: The first is the anonymous function with lexical scope enclosed within the Grouping Operator (()). This prevents accessing variables within the IIFE idiom as well as polluting the global scope. The second part creates the immediately invoked function expression (()) through which the JavaScript engine will directly interpret the function. ‡

Immutable : A property of an object whose state cannot be modified after it was created (an immutable or unchangeable object). This is in contrast to a mutable object. In some cases, an object is considered immutable even if some internally used attributes change, but the object’s state appears to be unchanging from an external point of view. Strings and other concrete objects are typically expressed as immutable objects to improve readability and runtime efficiency in object-oriented programming. Immutable objects are also useful because they are inherently thread-safe. †

In-App Browser : A browser instance in a mobile application, usually working on the basis of WebViews (Android) or WKWebViews (iOS).

Inclusive Design : → Universal Design

Increment : A term from the Scrum framework that describes all Product Backlog items completed during a Sprint, and the value of the increments of prior Sprints. The Increment is created by members of the Development Team. It must be usable and meet the definition of “Done.”

Incremental Static Regeneration : Static generation on a per-page and on-demand basis, as opposed to regeneration of an entire website at build-time. Through this approach, ISR allows to significantly reduce build time.

Indexed color : A technique to manage digital images’ colors in a limited fashion, in order to save computer memory and file storage, while speeding up display refresh and file transfers. Indexed color is a form of vector quantization compression. When an image is encoded this way, color information is not directly carried by the image pixel data, but stored in a separate piece of data called a palette, that is, an array of color elements. †

Indexed Database : A JavaScript API provided by web browsers for managing a NoSQL database of JSON objects. As an alternative to the web storage standard, IndexedDB can provide more storage capacity. Use cases for IndexedDB include caching web application data for offline availability. † ℹ︎ w3.org/TR/IndexedDB

IndexedDB : → Indexed Database

Indexing : → n-based indexing : → One-based indexing : → Search engine indexing : → Web indexing : → Zero-based indexing

IndieWeb : A community of individual personal websites, connected by simple standards, based on the principles of owning a domain, using it as one’s primary identity, to publish on one’s own site (optionally syndicate elsewhere), and own one’s data. ℹ︎ indieweb.org

Industrial Design : A process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production. Its key characteristic is that design is separated from manufacture: The creative act of determining and defining a product’s form and features takes place in advance of the physical act of making a product, which consists purely of repeated, often automated, replication and distinguishes industrial design from craft-based design. †

Infinite loop : → Infinite loop

Infinite scrolling : The dynamic loading of additional web page content, usually when a user starts scrolling, so that it seems as if they could scroll indefinitely. Infinite scrolling can be problematic from a user perspective if there is useful or important information at the end of a page that cannot be reached because of the continued adding of content.

Information architecture : The structural design of shared information environments; the art and science of organizing and labeling websites, intranets, online communities, and software to support usability and findability; and an emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design, architecture, and information science to the digital landscape. Typically, IA involves a model or concept of information that is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems. These activities include library systems and database development. †

Information Design : The practice of presenting information in a way that fosters an efficient and effective understanding of the information. The term has come to be used for a specific area of graphic design related to displaying information effectively, rather than just attractively or for artistic expression. Information design is closely related to the field of data visualization. The broad applications of information design along with its close connections to other fields of design and communication practices have created some overlap in the definitions of communication design, data visualization, and information architecture. †

Information foraging : A theory that applies the ideas from optimal foraging theory to understand how human users search for information. The theory is based on the assumption that, when searching for information, humans use “built-in” foraging mechanisms that evolved to help our animal ancestors find food. Importantly, better understanding of human search behavior can improve the usability of websites or any other user interface. †

Information overload : The difficulty in understanding an issue and effectively making decisions when one has too much information about that issue. Generally, the term is associated with the excessive quantity of daily information. Information overload most likely originated from information theory, which are studies in the storage, preservation, communication, compression, and extraction of information. †

Information retrieval : The activity of obtaining information system resources that are relevant to an information need from a collection of those resources. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. †

Information scent : Cues in the information environment pointing to possible answers. Human users estimate how much useful information they are likely to get on a given path, and after seeking information compare the actual outcome with their predictions. When the information scent stops getting stronger (i.e., when users no longer expect to find useful additional information), users move to a different information source. Poor information scent is one reason for the ineffectiveness of “(click) here” and “(learn) more” links. †

Information Security : The practice of protecting information by mitigating information risks. Information Security is part of information risk management, and typically involves preventing or at least reducing the probability of unauthorized or inappropriate access, use, disclosure, disruption, deletion or destruction, corruption, modification, inspection, recording, or devaluation, although it may also involve reducing the adverse impacts of incidents. Information may take any form, e.g., electronic or physical, tangible (e.g., paperwork) or intangible (e.g., knowledge). The primary focus of Information Security is the balanced protection of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data while maintaining a focus on efficient policy implementation, all without hampering organization productivity. †

Information Security Operations Center : A special Security Operations Center (SOC) facility where enterprise information systems (websites, applications, databases, data centers and servers, networks, desktops, and other endpoints) are monitored, assessed, and defended. †

Infosec : → Information Security

Infrastructure as a Service : Online services that provide high-level APIs used to dereference various low-level details of underlying network infrastructure like physical computing resources, location, data partitioning, scaling, security, or backup. A hypervisor runs the virtual machines as guests. Pools of hypervisors within the cloud-operational system can support large numbers of virtual machines and the ability to scale services up and down according to varying requirements. †

Infrastructure as Code : The process of managing and provisioning computer data centers through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration tools. †

Inheritance : The mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object (prototype-based inheritance) or class (class-based inheritance), retaining similar implementation. Also defined as deriving new classes (sub classes) from existing ones (super class or base class) and forming them into a hierarchy of classes. In most class-based object-oriented languages, an object created through inheritance (a “child object”) acquires all the properties and behaviors of the parent object (except: constructors, destructors, overloaded operators, and friend functions of the base class). Inheritance allows to create classes that are built upon existing classes, to specify a new implementation while maintaining the same behaviors (realizing an interface), to reuse code, and to independently extend original software via public classes and interfaces. †

Initiative for Open Authentication : An industry-wide collaboration to develop an open reference architecture using open standards to promote the adoption of strong authentication. OATH has close to 30 coordinating and contributing members and is proposing standards for a variety of authentication technologies, with the aim of lowering costs and simplifying their functions. †

Inline : → Inline box : → Inline-level box : → Inline-level element

Inline box : A box that is inline-level and whose contents take part in an inline formatting context.

Inline element : → Inline-level element

Inline flow : A CSS concept referring to the direction of text flow in a sentence. In an English document, inline flow runs left to right.

Inline formatting context : A formatting context in which boxes are laid out horizontally. Horizontal padding, borders, and margins are respected.

Inline linking : The use (embedding) of a linked object, often an image, on one website by a web page belonging to a second site. One website is said to have an inline link to the other site where the object is located. †

Inline replying : → Interleaved posting

Inline-level box : A box generated by an inline-level element.

Inline-level element : An element that does not form new blocks of content and whose content is distributed in lines.

innerHTML : A DOM attribute that can be used to get and set the markup within the respective element. Use of the property is considered bad practice because of possible security and performance issues.

Input/Output : The communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, possibly a human or another information processing system. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system and outputs are the signals or data sent from it. †

Input/output operations per second : An input/output performance measurement used to characterize computer storage devices like hard disk drives (HDD), solid state drives (SSD), and storage area networks (SAN). Like benchmarks, IOPS numbers published by storage device manufacturers do not directly relate to real-world application performance. †

Insertion mode : In HTML, the state variable that controls the primary operation of the tree construction stage. It affects how tokens are processed and whether CDATA sections are supported. §

Instance store : Storage capacity located on disks physically attached to the respective host machine. In cloud computing, an instance store is used for temporary storage.

Instance variable : A variable defined in a class for which each instantiated object of the class has a separate copy, or instance. An instance variable is declared in a class but outside a constructor, method, or block; it is created when an object is instantiated. Instance variables are accessible to all constructors, methods, and blocks in the class. †

Instant Articles : A feature from social networking company Facebook for use with collaborating news and content publishers, that the publisher can choose to use for articles they select. When a publisher selects an article for Instant Articles, people browsing Facebook with the Facebook mobile app can see the entire article within the app, with formatting similar to that on the publisher’s website. † ℹ︎ instantarticles.fb.com

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers {#t-institute-of-electrical-and-electronics-engineers} : A professional association that was formed in 1963 from the amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers. The IEEE’s objectives are the educational and technical advancement of electrical and electronic engineering, telecommunications, computer engineering, and associated disciplines. † ℹ︎ ieee.org

Instrument flight : The deploying and releasing of untested code.

Integer : In computer science, a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values. Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of binary digits (bits). With 32 bits, an integer has a signed range from –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647, and an unsigned range from 0 to 4,294,967,295. † : In mathematics, a number that can be written without a fractional component. For example, 21, 4, 0, and −2048 are integers, while 9.75, 5½, and √2 are not. The set of integers consists of zero (0), the positive natural numbers (1, 2, 3, …), also called whole numbers or counting numbers, and their additive inverses (the negative integers, i.e., –1, –2, –3, …). †

Integrated Development Environment : A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consists of at least a source code editor, build automation tools, and a debugger. Some IDEs contain the necessary compiler, interpreter, or both. †

Intellectual Property : A category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The most well-known types are copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets. The main purpose of intellectual property law is to encourage the creation of a wide variety of intellectual goods. To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to the information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. This gives economic incentive for their creation. The intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is “indivisible,” since an unlimited number of people can “consume” an intellectual good without it being depleted. †

IntelliJ IDEA : An integrated development environment (IDE) written in Java for developing computer software. IntelliJ IDEA is developed by JetBrains (formerly known as IntelliJ) and was first released in 2001. † ℹ︎ jetbrains.com/idea

Intent to Implement : → Intent to Prototype

Intent to Prototype : A software vendor expression to develop a particular software or software feature. This implementation may not necessarily lead to a public release but instead serve to assess feasibility, desirability, and cost.

Interaction Design : The practice of designing interactive digital products, environments, systems, and services. Beyond the digital aspect, interaction design is also useful when creating physical (non-digital) products, exploring how a user might interact with it. Common topics of interaction design include design, human-computer interaction, and software development. While interaction design has an interest in form (similar to other design fields), its main area of focus rests on behavior. †

Interaction Design Association : A member-supported organization for the field of interaction design. The IxDA was founded in 2003. ℹ︎ ixda.org

Interactive Advertising Bureau : An advertising business organization that develops industry standards, conducts research, and provides legal support for the online advertising industry. † ℹ︎ iab.com

Interactive content : Content that is specifically intended for user interaction. §

Interactive Data Language : A programming language used for data analysis. IDL is popular in particular areas of science, such as astronomy, atmospheric physics, and medical imaging. † ℹ︎ is.gd/Wt5jSb

Interface : A shared boundary across which two or more separate components of a computer system exchange information. The exchange can be between software, computer hardware, peripheral devices, humans, and combinations of these. Some computer hardware devices, such as a touchscreen, can both send and receive data through the interface, while others such as a mouse or microphone may only provide an interface to send data to a given system. † : → Graphical User Interface : → User Interface

Interface definition language : A generic term for a language that lets a program or object written in one language communicate with another program written in an unknown language. IDLs describe an interface in a language-independent way, enabling communication between software components that do not share one language, for example, between those written in C++ and those written in Java. IDLs are commonly used in remote procedure call software. †

Interface description language : → Interface definition language

Interface Segregation Principle : The principle that no client should be forced to depend on methods it does not use. ISP splits interfaces that are very large into smaller and more specific ones so that clients will only have to know about the methods that are of interest to them. Such shrunken interfaces are also called role interfaces. ISP is intended to keep a system decoupled and thus easier to refactor, change, and redeploy. †

Interleaved posting : A posting style in which the different parts of the reply follow the relevant parts of the original post. †

Internal : Originating inside one’s organization.

International Organization for Standardization : An international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded in 1947, the ISO promotes worldwide proprietary, industrial, and commercial standards. † ℹ︎ iso.org

International Telecommunication Union : A specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for information and communication technologies. Established in 1865 as the International Telegraph Union, the ITU is one of the oldest international organizations in operation. It promotes the shared global use of the radio spectrum, facilitates international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, assists in developing and coordinating worldwide technical standards, and works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world. The ITU is also active in the areas of broadband Internet, wireless technologies, aeronautical and maritime navigation, radio astronomy, satellite-based meteorology, TV broadcasting, and next-generation networks. † ℹ︎ itu.int

Internationalization : The process of designing a software application so that it can be adapted to various languages and regions without engineering changes. †

Internationalized Resource Identifier : An Internet protocol standard which builds on the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) protocol by greatly expanding the set of permitted characters. IRIs were defined in 2005 by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). †

Internet : The global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. The Internet is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing. †

Internet Architecture Board : A committee of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and an advisory body of the Internet Society (ISOC). The IAB’s responsibilities include architectural oversight of IETF activities, Internet Standards Process oversight and appeal, and the appointment of the Request for Comments (RFC) Editor. It is also responsible for the management of the IETF protocol parameter registries. The IAB started as the Internet Configuration Control Board in 1979. † ℹ︎ iab.org

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority : A function of ICANN that is responsible for the allocation of globally unique names and numbers that are used in Internet protocols, and for the assignment of Internet numbers which are numerical identifier assigned to an Internet resource or used in the networking protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Examples include IP addresses and autonomous system (AS) numbers. IANA was founded in 1988. † ℹ︎ iana.org

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers : A non-profit organization responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring the network’s stable and secure operation. ICANN performs the actual technical maintenance work of central Internet address pools and DNS root zone registries pursuant to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) function contract. ICANN was founded in 1998. † ℹ︎ icann.org

Internet Engineering Task Force : An open-standards organization, which develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). The IETF was founded in 1986. † ℹ︎ ietf.org

Internet Explorer : A series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included in the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995. It was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year. Later versions were available as free downloads, or in service packs, and included in the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows. The browser is discontinued, but still maintained. † ℹ︎ is.gd/CblTUt

Internet Information Services : An extensible web server created by Microsoft for use with the Windows NT family. IIS was released in 1995. † ℹ︎ iis.net

Internet Message Access Protocol : An Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection. IMAP was designed in 1986 and is defined by RFC 3501. †

Internet Protocol : The principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables inter-networking, and essentially establishes the Internet. †

Internet Relay Chat : An application-layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client/server networking model. IRC clients are computer programs that users can install on their system or web based applications running either locally in the browser or on a 3rd party server. IRC was created in 1988 by Jarkko Oikarinen. †

Internet Resource Locator : A locator defined by an Internet resource location standard.

Internet Service Provider : An organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and co-location. †

Internet Society : A non-profit organization founded in 1992 to provide leadership in Internet-related standards, education, access, and policy. The ISOC’s mission is “to promote the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world.” † ℹ︎ internetsociety.org

InternetWorks : A web browser by BookLink Technologies. InternetWorks was the first browser to offer tabbed browsing. It was released in 1994.

InterNIC : → Network Information Center

Interoperability : A characteristic of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, at present or in the future, in either implementation or access, without any restrictions. †

InterPlanetary File System : A protocol and peer-to-peer network for storing and sharing data in a distributed file system. IPFS uses content-addressing to uniquely identify each file in a global namespace connecting all computing devices. As opposed to a centrally located server, IPFS is built around a decentralized system of user-operators who hold a portion of the overall data, creating a resilient system of file storage and sharing. IPFS was released in 2015. † ℹ︎ ipfs.io

Interpolation : An estimation method of constructing (finding) new data points based on the range of a discrete set of known data points. †

Intersection Observer : An API providing a way to asynchronously observe changes in the intersection of a target element with an ancestor element or with a top-level document’s viewport. Historically, detecting visibility of an element, or the relative visibility of two elements in relation to each other, has been a difficult task for which solutions have been unreliable and prone to causing browsers and sites to become sluggish. The Intersection Observer API lets code register a callback function that is executed whenever an element they wish to monitor enters or exits another element (or the viewport), or when the amount by which the two intersect changes by a requested amount. ‡ ℹ︎ w3.org/TR/intersection-observer

Interstitial : A web page displayed before or after an expected content page, often to display advertisements or confirm the user’s age (prior to showing age-restricted material). Interstitial advertisements are usually delivered by an ad server. †

Intranet : A computer network for sharing information, collaboration tools, operational systems, and other computing services only within an organization, and to the exclusion of access by outsiders to the organization. The term is used in contrast to public networks, such as the Internet, but uses most of the same technology. A company-wide intranet can constitute an important focal point of internal communication and collaboration, and provide a single starting point to access internal and external resources. In its simplest form, an intranet is established with the technologies for local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Many modern intranets have search engines, user profiles, blogs, mobile apps with notifications, and events planning within their infrastructure. †

Intrinsic size : The size an element has just going by its content, with no external factors applied. For example, inline elements are sized intrinsically, with styling for width, height, and vertical margin and padding having no impact. ‡

Intrinsic typography : Typography, notably text size and leading, that responds to its environment. Such intrinsic styling can be accomplished through the use of CSS animations and easing functions. ℹ︎ is.gd/pyNr4P

Intrinsic web design : A content-focused approach to web design that is more versatile and promises to be more code-efficient than responsive web design (RWD). The term “intrinsic web design” is attributed to Jen Simmons.

Inversion of Control : A programming principle that inverts the flow of control as compared to traditional control flow. In IoC, custom-written portions of a computer program receive the flow of control from a generic framework. A software architecture with this design inverts control as compared to traditional procedural programming, where the custom code that expresses the purpose of the program calls into reusable libraries to take care of generic tasks. With inversion of control, it is the framework that calls into the custom, or task-specific, code. †

Inverted Triangle CSS : A CSS management approach that promotes going from generic to specific.

IoC : → Inversion of Control

IOPS : → Input/output operations per second

iOS : A mobile operating system created and developed by Apple, exclusively for its hardware. iOS was first released in 2007. † ℹ︎ apple.com/ios

IP : → Intellectual Property : → Internet Protocol

IP address : A numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two main functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. †

IP telephony : → Voice over IP

IPFS : → InterPlanetary File System

IPSECKEY : An IPsec key resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS). †

iptables : A user space utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the IP packet filter rules of the Linux kernel firewall. The filters are organized in different tables, which contain chains of rules for how to treat network traffic packets. Different kernel modules and programs are currently used for different protocols: iptables applies to IPv4, ip6tables to IPv6, arptables to ARP, and ebtables to Ethernet frames. † ℹ︎ is.gd/8vgf9l

IPv4 : The fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It is one of the core protocols of standards-based inter-networking methods in the Internet and other packet-switched networks. IPv4 was the first version deployed for production in the ARPANET in 1983. It still routes most Internet traffic today, despite the ongoing deployment of a successor protocol, IPv6. †

IPv6 : The most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP). IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv6 is intended to replace IPv4. †

IRC : → Internet Relay Chat

IRI : → Internationalized Resource Identifier

IRL : → Internet Resource Locator

Islands architecture : The use of placeholders for dynamic parts of a web page, to be loaded and hydrated separately in order to improve perceived performance.

ISO : → International Organization for Standardization

ISOC : → Information Security Operations Center : → Internet Society

ISP : → Interface Segregation Principle : → Internet Service Provider

ISR : → Incremental Static Regeneration

ITCSS : → Inverted Triangle CSS

ITU : → International Telecommunication Union

IWD : → Intrinsic web design

IxD : → Interaction Design

IxDA : → Interaction Design Association

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