Implement Blocked Bloom Filters

[marvin-j97]

Implement Blocked Bloom Filters as an alternative to the current "standard" bloom filters and benchmark its impact on point reads and FPR.

Add a benchmark to https://github.com/fjall-rs/lsm-tree/blob/be649abf47554f98c41056681b8edb1b34ff3a57/benches/bloom.rs.

There is a "filter type" byte in the filter section of the Segment so we can variably switch out different filter types without breaking change:

lsm-tree/src/bloom/mod.rs

Line 70 in be649ab

assert_eq!(0, filter_type, "Invalid filter type");

0 = Standard bloom filter

The Segment "load from file" procedure needs to be adjusted to load the correct filter by matching on filter type byte, then we can use enum_dispatch as the top-level filter type

let filter = match filter_type {
  0 => Filter::StandardBloomFilter(load_bloom_filter(...)?),
  1 => Filter::BlockedBloomFilter(load_blocked_bloom_filter(...)?),
};

FilterType should also become an enum with conversion into a u8 (encode/decode trait).