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[Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid] Add NativeAOT+Android sample (#1218)
Context: 2197579 Commit 2197579 added `samples/Hello-NativeAOTFromJNI`, which demonstrated the use of NativeAOT to create a native library which could be loaded and used by a Java application. What else supports loading native libraries for use by a "Java" environment? Android! Take the core infrastructure from `Hello-NativeAOTFromJNI`, have the binary output target `linux-bionic-arm64` -- the `$(RuntimeIdentifier)` for .NET using Android's "bionic" libc while *not* using .NET for Android -- and then use `gradlew` to package that native library into an Android application. Add "degrees" of Android and Gradle Integration: * `samples/Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid/app` is an Android project with Gradle build scripts. * `gradlew :app:processReleaseResources` is executed as a pre-build step to get an `R.txt` describing all the Android Resources contained within the Android project. The new `<ParseAndroidResources/>` task parses `R.txt` and generates an `R.g.cs`, allowing C# code to reference some Android resources, such as the Android layout to display. * `android.xml` contains a (very!) minimal API description of `android.jar`. It is used in a pre-build step to produce bindings of `android.app.Activity` and `android.os.Bundle` (among others), allowing us to write a C# subclass of `Activity` and show something on-screen. * After the C# build, we: * use `jcw-gen` to generate Java Callable Wrappers (JCW) of `Java.Lang.Object` subclasses, * use `jnimarshalmethod-gen` to generate JNI marshal methods for methods such as `MainActivity.OnCreate()`, so that C# code can override Java methods. * As a post-`Publish` step, we copy various artifacts into the Android project structure so that they can be packaged into the Android `app-release.apk`, then invoke `gradlew assembleRelease` to generate `app-release.apk`. Update `generator` to support using `Java.Base.dll` as a referenced assembly for binding purposes, in particular by supporting the use of `[JniTypeSignatureAttribute]` on already bound types. No usable bindings of types in `android.xml` could be generated without this. Update `jcw-gen` to appropriately support `[JniTypeSignature(GenerateJavaPeer=false)]` when determining the constructors that a Java Callable Wrapper should contain. Failure to do so meant that the JCW for `MainActivity` contained constructors that shouldn't be there, resulting in `javac` errors. Update `jcw-gen` to and support `JavaInterop1`-style method overrides. Failure to do so meant that the JCW for `MainActivity` *didn't* declare an `onCreate()` method.
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‎build-tools/Java.Interop.BootstrapTasks/Java.Interop.BootstrapTasks/ParseAndroidResources.cs

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using Microsoft.Build.Framework;
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using Microsoft.Build.Utilities;
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using System;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.IO;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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namespace Java.Interop.BootstrapTasks
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{
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public class ParseAndroidResources : Task
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{
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public ITaskItem AndroidResourceFile { get; set; }
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public ITaskItem OutputFile { get; set; }
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public string DeclaringNamespaceName { get; set; }
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public string DeclaringClassName { get; set; }
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public override bool Execute ()
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{
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using (var o = File.CreateText (OutputFile.ItemSpec)) {
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o.WriteLine ($"namespace {DeclaringNamespaceName};");
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o.WriteLine ();
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o.WriteLine ($"partial class {DeclaringClassName} {{");
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var resources = ParseAndroidResourceFile (AndroidResourceFile.ItemSpec);
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foreach (var declType in resources.Keys.OrderBy (x => x)) {
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o.WriteLine ($"\tpublic static class @{declType} {{");
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var decls = resources [declType];
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foreach (var decl in decls.Keys.OrderBy (x => x)) {
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o.WriteLine ($"\t\tpublic const int {decl} = {decls [decl]};");
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}
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o.WriteLine ("\t}");
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}
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o.WriteLine ("}");
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o.WriteLine ();
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}
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return !Log.HasLoggedErrors;
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}
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Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> ParseAndroidResourceFile (string file)
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{
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var resources = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> ();
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using (var reader = File.OpenText (file)) {
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string line;
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while ((line = reader.ReadLine ()) != null) {
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if (line.StartsWith ("#"))
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continue;
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var items = line.Split (' ');
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if (items.Length != 4)
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continue;
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var type = items [0];
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if (string.Compare (type, "int", StringComparison.Ordinal) != 0)
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continue;
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var decl = items [1];
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var name = items [2];
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var value = items [3];
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if (!resources.TryGetValue (decl, out var declResources))
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resources.Add (decl, declResources = new Dictionary<string, string>());
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declResources.Add (name, value);
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}
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}
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return resources;
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}
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}
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}

‎samples/Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid/.gitignore

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.gradle
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android.xml.fixed

‎samples/Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid/Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid.csproj

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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<TargetFramework>$(DotNetTargetFramework)</TargetFramework>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<Import Project="..\..\TargetFrameworkDependentValues.props" />
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<PropertyGroup>
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<RootNamespace>Java.Interop.Samples.NativeAotFromAndroid</RootNamespace>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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<PublishAot>true</PublishAot>
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<PublishAotUsingRuntimePack>true</PublishAotUsingRuntimePack>
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<AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
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<NativeLib>Shared</NativeLib>
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<RuntimeIdentifier Condition=" '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == '' ">linux-bionic-arm64</RuntimeIdentifier>
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<!-- Needed for cross-compilation, e.g. build linux-bionic-arm64 from osx-x64 -->
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<PlatformTarget>AnyCPU</PlatformTarget>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<!-- https://github.com/exelix11/SysDVR/blob/master/Client/Client.csproj -->
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<!-- Android needs a proper soname property or it will refuse to load the library -->
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<LinkerArg Include="-Wl,-soname,lib$(AssemblyName)$(NativeBinaryExt)" />
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<TrimmerRootAssembly Include="Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\Java.Interop\Java.Interop.csproj" />
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\Java.Runtime.Environment\Java.Runtime.Environment.csproj" />
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\Java.Base\Java.Base.csproj" />
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\Java.Interop.Export\Java.Interop.Export.csproj" />
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<ProjectReference
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Include="..\..\tools\jcw-gen\jcw-gen.csproj"
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ReferenceOutputAssembly="false"
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/>
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<ProjectReference
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Include="..\..\tools\jnimarshalmethod-gen\Xamarin.Android.Tools.JniMarshalMethodGenerator.csproj"
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ReferenceOutputAssembly="false"
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/>
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<ProjectReference
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Include="..\..\tools\generator\generator.csproj"
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ReferenceOutputAssembly="false"
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/>
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</ItemGroup>
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<Import Project="Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid.targets" />
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</Project>

‎samples/Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid/Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid.targets

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<Project>
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<UsingTask AssemblyFile="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)..\..\bin\Build$(Configuration)\Java.Interop.BootstrapTasks.dll" TaskName="Java.Interop.BootstrapTasks.ParseAndroidResources" />
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<PropertyGroup>
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<GeneratorPath>$(UtilityOutputFullPath)generator.dll</GeneratorPath>
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<_JcwOutputDir>app/src/main/java/my/</_JcwOutputDir>
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<_GradleJniLibsDir>app/src/main/jniLibs/arm64-v8a</_GradleJniLibsDir>
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<AndroidNdkDirectory Condition=" '$(AndroidNdkDirectory)' == '' ">$(ANDROID_NDK_HOME)</AndroidNdkDirectory>
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<AndroidSdkDirectory Condition=" '$(AndroidSdkDirectory)' == '' ">$(ANDROID_HOME)</AndroidSdkDirectory>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<PropertyGroup>
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<_NdkSysrootAbi Condition=" '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == 'linux-bionic-arm64' ">aarch64-linux-android</_NdkSysrootAbi>
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<_NdkClangPrefix Condition=" '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == 'linux-bionic-arm64' ">aarch64-linux-android21-</_NdkClangPrefix>
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<_NdkSysrootAbi Condition=" '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == 'linux-bionic-x64' ">x86_64-linux-android</_NdkSysrootAbi>
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<_NdkClangPrefix Condition=" '$(RuntimeIdentifier)' == 'linux-bionic-x64' ">x86_64-linux-android21-</_NdkClangPrefix>
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<_NdkPrebuiltAbi Condition=" '$(NETCoreSdkRuntimeIdentifier)' == 'osx-x64' ">darwin-x86_64</_NdkPrebuiltAbi>
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<_NdkSysrootLibDir>$(AndroidNdkDirectory)/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/$(_NdkPrebuiltAbi)/sysroot/usr/lib/$(_NdkSysrootAbi)</_NdkSysrootLibDir>
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<_NdkBinDir>$(AndroidNdkDirectory)/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/$(_NdkPrebuiltAbi)/bin</_NdkBinDir>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<PropertyGroup Condition="$(RuntimeIdentifier.StartsWith('linux-bionic'))">
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<CppCompilerAndLinker>$(_NdkBinDir)/$(_NdkClangPrefix)clang</CppCompilerAndLinker>
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<ObjCopyName>$(_NdkBinDir)/llvm-objcopy</ObjCopyName>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup Condition="$(RuntimeIdentifier.StartsWith('linux-bionic'))">
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<LinkerArg Include="-Wl,--undefined-version" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<Target Name="_ValidateEnvironment"
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BeforeTargets="Build">
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<Error
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Condition=" '$(AndroidNdkDirectory)' == '' Or !Exists($(AndroidNdkDirectory)) "
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Text="Set the %24(AndroidNdkDirectory) MSBuild property or the %24ANDROID_NDK_HOME environment variable to the path of the Android NDK."
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/>
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<Error
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Condition=" !Exists($(_NdkSysrootLibDir))"
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Text="NDK 'sysroot' dir `$(_NdkSysrootLibDir)` does not exist. You're on your own."
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/>
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<Error
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Condition=" '$(AndroidSdkDirectory)' == '' Or !Exists($(AndroidSdkDirectory)) "
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Text="Set the %24(AndroidSdkDirectory) MSBuild property or the %24ANDROID_HOME environment variable to the path of the Android SDK."
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/>
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</Target>
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<ItemGroup>
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<_GenerateAndroidBindingInputs Include="$(GeneratorPath)" />
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<_GenerateAndroidBindingInputs Include="$(MSBuildThisFileFullPath)" />
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<_GenerateAndroidBindingInputs Include="Transforms\**" />
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<_GenerateAndroidBindingInputs Include="$(IntermediateOutputPath)mcw\api.xml" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<Target Name="_GenerateAndroidBinding"
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BeforeTargets="CoreCompile"
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Inputs="@(_GenerateAndroidBindingInputs)"
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Outputs="$(IntermediateOutputPath)mcw\Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid.projitems">
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<MakeDir Directories="$(IntermediateOutputPath)mcw" />
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<PropertyGroup>
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<Generator>"$(GeneratorPath)"</Generator>
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<_GenFlags>--public --global</_GenFlags>
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<_Out>-o "$(IntermediateOutputPath)mcw"</_Out>
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<_Codegen>--codegen-target=JavaInterop1</_Codegen>
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<_Fixup>--fixup=Transforms/Metadata.xml</_Fixup>
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<_Enums1>--preserve-enums --enumflags=Transforms/enumflags --enumfields=Transforms/map.csv --enummethods=Transforms/methodmap.csv</_Enums1>
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<_Enums2>--enummetadata=$(IntermediateOutputPath)mcw/enummetadata</_Enums2>
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<_Assembly>"--assembly=$(AssemblyName)"</_Assembly>
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<_TypeMap>--type-map-report=$(IntermediateOutputPath)mcw/type-mapping.txt</_TypeMap>
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<_Api>android.xml</_Api>
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<_Dirs>--enumdir=$(IntermediateOutputPath)mcw</_Dirs>
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<_FullIntermediateOutputPath>$([System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath('$(IntermediateOutputPath)'))</_FullIntermediateOutputPath>
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<_LangFeatures>--lang-features=nullable-reference-types,default-interface-methods,nested-interface-types,interface-constants</_LangFeatures>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<_RefAsmDir Include="@(ReferencePathWithRefAssemblies->'%(RootDir)%(Directory).'->Distinct())" />
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<_Lib Include="@(_RefAsmDir->'-L &quot;%(Identity)&quot;')" />
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<_JavaBaseRef Include="@(ReferencePathWithRefAssemblies)"
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Condition=" '%(FileName)' == 'Java.Base' "
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/>
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<_Ref Include="@(_JavaBaseRef->'-r &quot;%(FullPath)&quot;')" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<!-- I can't find a good way to trim the trailing `\`, so append with `.` so we can sanely quote for $(_Libpath) -->
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</ItemGroup>
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<Exec
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Command="$(DotnetToolPath) $(Generator) $(_GenFlags) $(_ApiLevel) $(_Out) @(_Lib, ' ') @(_Ref, ' ') $(_Codegen) $(_Fixup) $(_Enums1) $(_Enums2) $(_Versions) $(_Annotations) $(_Assembly) $(_TypeMap) $(_LangFeatures) $(_Dirs) $(_Api) $(_WithJavadocXml)"
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IgnoreStandardErrorWarningFormat="True"
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/>
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<ItemGroup>
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<Compile Include="$(_FullIntermediateOutputPath)\mcw\**\*.cs" KeepDuplicates="False" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<XmlPeek
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Namespaces="&lt;Namespace Prefix='msbuild' Uri='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003' /&gt;"
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XmlInputPath="$(IntermediateOutputPath)mcw\Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid.projitems"
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Query="/msbuild:Project/msbuild:PropertyGroup/msbuild:DefineConstants/text()" >
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<Output TaskParameter="Result" PropertyName="_GeneratedDefineConstants" />
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</XmlPeek>
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<PropertyGroup>
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<DefineConstants>$(DefineConstants);$([System.String]::Copy('$(_GeneratedDefineConstants)').Replace ('%24(DefineConstants);', ''))</DefineConstants>
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</PropertyGroup>
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</Target>
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<Target Name="_CreateJavaCallableWrappers"
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Condition=" '$(TargetPath)' != '' "
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BeforeTargets="_BuildAppApk"
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Inputs="$(TargetPath)"
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Outputs="$(_JcwOutputDir).stamp">
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<RemoveDir Directories="$(_JcwOutputDir)" />
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<MakeDir Directories="$(_JcwOutputDir)" />
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<ItemGroup>
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<!-- I can't find a good way to trim the trailing `\`, so append with `.` so we can sanely quote for $(_Libpath) -->
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<_JcwGenRefAsmDirs Include="@(ReferencePathWithRefAssemblies->'%(RootDir)%(Directory).'->Distinct())" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<PropertyGroup>
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<_JcwGen>"$(UtilityOutputFullPath)/jcw-gen.dll"</_JcwGen>
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<_Target>--codegen-target JavaInterop1</_Target>
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<_Output>-o "$(_JcwOutputDir)"</_Output>
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<_Libpath>@(_JcwGenRefAsmDirs->'-L "%(Identity)"', ' ')</_Libpath>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<Exec Command="$(DotnetToolPath) $(_JcwGen) &quot;$(TargetPath)&quot; $(_Target) $(_Output) $(_Libpath)" />
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<Touch Files="$(_JcwOutputDir).stamp" AlwaysCreate="True" />
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</Target>
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<Target Name="_AddMarshalMethods"
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Condition=" '$(TargetPath)' != '' "
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Inputs="$(TargetPath)"
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Outputs="$(IntermediateOutputPath).added-marshal-methods"
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AfterTargets="_CreateJavaCallableWrappers">
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<ItemGroup>
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<!-- I can't find a good way to trim the trailing `\`, so append with `.` so we can sanely quote for $(_Libpath) -->
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<_JnimmRefAsmDirs Include="@(RuntimePackAsset->'%(RootDir)%(Directory).'->Distinct())" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<PropertyGroup>
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<_JnimarshalmethodGen>"$(UtilityOutputFullPath)/jnimarshalmethod-gen.dll"</_JnimarshalmethodGen>
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<_Verbosity>-v -v --keeptemp</_Verbosity>
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<_Libpath>-L "$(TargetDir)" @(_JnimmRefAsmDirs->'-L "%(Identity)"', ' ')</_Libpath>
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<!-- <_Output>-o "$(IntermediateOutputPath)/jonp"</_Output> -->
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</PropertyGroup>
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<Exec Command="$(DotnetToolPath) $(_JnimarshalmethodGen) &quot;$(TargetPath)&quot; $(_Verbosity) $(_Libpath)" />
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<!-- the IlcCompile target uses files from `$(IntermediateOutputPath)`, not `$(TargetPath)`, so… update both? -->
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<Copy SourceFiles="$(TargetPath)" DestinationFolder="$(IntermediateOutputPath)" />
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<Touch Files="$(IntermediateOutputPath).added-marshal-methods" AlwaysCreate="True" />
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</Target>
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<ItemGroup>
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<_BuildAppApkInput Include="$(MSBuildThisFileFullPath)" />
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<_BuildAppApkInput Include="app\src\main\java\**\*.java" />
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<_BuildAppApkInput Include="app\src\main\AndroidManifest.xml" />
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<_BuildAppApkInput Include="app\**\build.gradle" />
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<_BuildAppApkInput Include="$(NativeBinary)" />
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<_BuildAppApkInput Include="$(OutputPath)java-interop.jar" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<PropertyGroup>
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<_AfterBuildDependsOnTargets>
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_CreateJavaCallableWrappers;
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_AddMarshalMethods;
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</_AfterBuildDependsOnTargets>
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</PropertyGroup>
164+
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<Target Name="_AfterBuild"
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AfterTargets="Build"
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DependsOnTargets="$(_AfterBuildDependsOnTargets)"
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/>
169+
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<PropertyGroup>
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<_GradleRtxtPath>app\build\intermediates\runtime_symbol_list\release\R.txt</_GradleRtxtPath>
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</PropertyGroup>
173+
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<Target Name="_BuildRtxt"
175+
BeforeTargets="CoreCompile"
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Inputs="@(_BuildAppApkInput)"
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Outputs="$(_GradleRtxtPath);$(IntermediateOutputPath)R.g.cs">
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<Exec
179+
Command="&quot;$(GradleWPath)&quot; $(GradleArgs) :app:processReleaseResources"
180+
EnvironmentVariables="JAVA_HOME=$(JavaSdkDirectory);APP_HOME=$(GradleHome);ANDROID_HOME=$(AndroidSdkDirectory)"
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WorkingDirectory="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)"
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/>
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<ParseAndroidResources
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AndroidResourceFile="$(_GradleRtxtPath)"
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OutputFile="$(IntermediateOutputPath)R.g.cs"
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DeclaringNamespaceName="$(RootNamespace)"
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DeclaringClassName="R"
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/>
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<ItemGroup>
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<FileWrites Include="$(IntermediateOutputPath)R.g.cs" />
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<Compile Include="$(IntermediateOutputPath)R.g.cs" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Target>
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<Target Name="_BuildAppApk"
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AfterTargets="Publish"
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Inputs="@(_BuildAppApkInput)"
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Outputs="app/build/outputs/apk/release/app-release.apk">
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<MakeDir Directories="$(_GradleJniLibsDir);app/lib" />
200+
<ItemGroup>
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<_GradleBuildSource Include="$(NativeBinary)" />
202+
<_GradleBuildTarget Include="$(_GradleJniLibsDir)\lib$(AssemblyName)$(NativeBinaryExt)" />
203+
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<_GradleBuildSource Include="$(OutputPath)java-interop.jar" />
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<_GradleBuildTarget Include="app\lib\java-interop.jar" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<Copy
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SourceFiles="@(_GradleBuildSource)"
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DestinationFiles="@(_GradleBuildTarget)"
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/>
211+
<Exec
212+
Command="&quot;$(GradleWPath)&quot; $(GradleArgs) assembleRelease > gradle.log"
213+
EnvironmentVariables="JAVA_HOME=$(JavaSdkDirectory);APP_HOME=$(GradleHome);ANDROID_HOME=$(AndroidSdkDirectory)"
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WorkingDirectory="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)"
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/>
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<Copy
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SourceFiles="app/build/outputs/apk/release/app-release.apk"
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DestinationFiles="$(OutputPath)net.dot.jni.helloandroid-Signed.apk"
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/>
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</Target>
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</Project>

‎samples/Hello-NativeAOTFromAndroid/JavaInteropRuntime.cs

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using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
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using Java.Interop;
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namespace Java.Interop.Samples.NativeAotFromAndroid;
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static class JavaInteropRuntime
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{
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static JniRuntime? runtime;
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[UnmanagedCallersOnly (EntryPoint="JNI_OnLoad")]
12+
static int JNI_OnLoad (IntPtr vm, IntPtr reserved)
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{
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try {
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AndroidLog.Print (AndroidLogLevel.Info, "JavaInteropRuntime", "JNI_OnLoad()");
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LogcatTextWriter.Init ();
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return (int) JniVersion.v1_6;
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}
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catch (Exception e) {
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AndroidLog.Print (AndroidLogLevel.Error, "JavaInteropRuntime", $"JNI_OnLoad() failed: {e}");
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return 0;
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}
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}
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[UnmanagedCallersOnly (EntryPoint="JNI_OnUnload")]
26+
static void JNI_OnUnload (IntPtr vm, IntPtr reserved)
27+
{
28+
AndroidLog.Print(AndroidLogLevel.Info, "JavaInteropRuntime", "JNI_OnUnload");
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runtime?.Dispose ();
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}
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// symbol name from `$(IntermediateOutputPath)obj/Release/osx-arm64/h-classes/net_dot_jni_hello_JavaInteropRuntime.h`
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[UnmanagedCallersOnly (EntryPoint="Java_net_dot_jni_nativeaot_JavaInteropRuntime_init")]
34+
static void init (IntPtr jnienv, IntPtr klass)
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{
36+
Console.WriteLine ($"C# init()");
37+
try {
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var options = new JreRuntimeOptions {
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EnvironmentPointer = jnienv,
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TypeManager = new NativeAotTypeManager (),
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UseMarshalMemberBuilder = false,
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JniGlobalReferenceLogWriter = new LogcatTextWriter (AndroidLogLevel.Debug, "NativeAot:GREF"),
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JniLocalReferenceLogWriter = new LogcatTextWriter (AndroidLogLevel.Debug, "NativeAot:LREF"),
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};
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runtime = options.CreateJreVM ();
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}
47+
catch (Exception e) {
48+
AndroidLog.Print (AndroidLogLevel.Error, "JavaInteropRuntime", $"JavaInteropRuntime.init: error: {e}");
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}
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}
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}

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