More media

Author: cirosantilli

README.md

@@ -198,11 +198,23 @@ Includes Linux concepts and utilities that work on Linux, not necessarily in the
     1.  [Dictionary](dictionary.md): dictionary formats
     1.  [Game](game.md): games, emulation
     1.  [Image](image.md)
-        1. [GIMP](gimp.md)
-        1. [NetPBM](netpbm/)
-        1. [gnuplot](gnuplot/)
-        1. [ImageMagick](imagemagick.md)
-    1.  [Video](video.md): videos, films, subtitles
+        1.  [Formats](image-formats.md)
+            1. [NetPBM](netpbm/)
+        1.  [GIMP](gimp.md)
+        1.  [ImageMagick](imagemagick.md)
+        1.  [gnuplot](gnuplot/)
+    1.  [Video](video.md)
+        1.  [Video codecs](video-codecs.md)
+        1.  [Video containers](video-containers.md)
+        1.  Utilities
+            1.  [ffmpeg](ffmpeg.md)
+                1.  [ffserver.conf](ffserver.conf)
+            1.  Ripping
+                1. [HandBrake](handbrake.md)
+        1.  Trivia
+            1. [MPEG LA](mpeg-la.md)
+    1.  [Camera](camera.md)
+        1.  [Video4Linux](video4linux.md)
 1.  File sharing
     1. [Dropbox](dropbox.md)
     1. [Nicotine](nicotine.md)

audio/README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Audio
 
+1.  [Codecs](codecs.md)
+
 ## Directories
 
 On most systems, sound will be kept under:

audio/codecs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Codecs
+
+## AAC
+
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding>
+
+Free to distribute, but not develop with.
+
+## Vorbis
+
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis>
+
+## Speex
+
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speex>
+
+Vorbis predecessor.
+
+## MP3
+
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3>
+
+MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III.
+
+## MP2
+
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II>
+
+More popular than MP3 for broadcasting. TODO why?
+
+MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II.
+
+Synthetic generation of pure tone + to PCM FFmpeg C API decode example: <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/1ec7a703806049265991723a8826bd61555edef4/doc/examples/decoding_encoding.c>
+
+## Raw formats
+
+### PCM
+
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation>
+
+Decoded from MP2: <https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/1ec7a703806049265991723a8826bd61555edef4/doc/examples/decoding_encoding.c>

autotools/README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,23 @@
 # Autotools
 
+1. [Hello world](hello-world/)
+
 GNU's build system.
 
 CMake is likely more portable. But if you ever touch a GNU project, better learn this.
 
 KDE is a notable project that dumped it for CMake in KDE 4: <https://lwn.net/Articles/188693/>
+
+## Build object files to custom directory
+
+<http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1015700/autotools-library-and-object-file-output-control>
+
+`cd` into the desired directory, and `../configure` from there.
+
+## Compilation flags
+
+Pass an extra one at `make` time:
+
+- <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7543978/how-to-pass-g3-flag-to-gcc-via-make-command-line>
+- <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3602927/add-compiler-option-without-editing-makefile>
+- <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1250608/passing-a-gcc-flag-through-makefile>

book/README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # Book
 
+1.  [PDF](pdf.md)
+    1. [pdftk](pdftk.md)
+
 A book format is in general a format that can represent multiple images, text and multiple pages such as PDF, DJVU or PS.
 
 Pure image or text formats such as JPEG or TeX are not covered here.
@@ -119,78 +122,6 @@ Out to stdout:
 
     ps2pdf a.ps -
 
-### pdftk
-
-PDF Tool Kit
-
-Large feature set on dealing with PDFs page wise.
-
-Rather non standard command line interface (nothing to do with common POSIX or GNU conventions).
-
-Merge two or more PDFs into a new document:
-
-    pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf cat output 123.pdf
-
-or using handles:
-
-    pdftk A=1.pdf B=2.pdf cat A B output 12.pdf
-
-or using wildcards:
-
-    pdftk *.pdf cat output combined.pdf
-
-Slice PDF: get pages 1 to 7 only:
-
-    pdftk A="$f.pdf" cat A1-7 output "$f.pdf"
-
-Select pages from multiple PDFs into a new document:
-
-    pdftk A=one.pdf B=two.pdf cat A1-7 B1-5 A8 output combined.pdf
-
-Split pdf into single pages
-
-    pdftk mydoc.pdf burst
-
-Get pdf metadata like number of pages:
-
-    pdftk mydoc.pdf dump_data | less
-
-Rotate the first page of a PDF to 90 degrees clockwise:
-
-    pdftk in.pdf cat 1E 2-end output out.pdf
-
-Rotate an entire PDF document’s pages to 180 degrees:
-
-    pdftk in.pdf cat 1-endS output out.pdf
-
-Encrypt a PDF using 128-bit strength (the default) and withhold all permissions (the default):
-
-    pdftk mydoc.pdf output mydoc.128.pdf owner_pw foopass
-
-Same as Above, Except a Password is Required to Open the PDF:
-
-    pdftk mydoc.pdf output mydoc.128.pdf owner_pw foo user_pw baz
-
-Same as Above, Except Printing is Allowed (after the PDF is Open):
-
-    pdftk mydoc.pdf output mydoc.128.pdf owner_pw foo user_pw baz allow printing
-
-Decrypt a PDF:
-
-    pdftk secured.pdf input_pw foopass output unsecured.pdf
-
-Join Two Files, One of Which is Encrypted (the Output is Not Encrypted):
-
-    pdftk A=secured.pdf mydoc.pdf input_pw A=foopass cat output combined.pdf
-
-Uncompress PDF Page Streams for Editing the PDF Code in a Text Editor:
-
-    pdftk mydoc.pdf output mydoc.clear.pdf uncompress
-
-Repair a PDF’s Corrupted XREF Table and Stream Lengths (If Possible):
-
-    pdftk broken.pdf output fixed.pdf
-
 ### pdfjam
 
 Package that includes several PDF utils.

book/pdftdk.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# pdftk
+
+PDF Tool Kit
+
+Large feature set on dealing with PDFs page wise.
+
+Rather non standard command line interface (nothing to do with common POSIX or GNU conventions).
+
+Merge two or more PDFs into a new document:
+
+    pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf cat output 123.pdf
+
+or using handles:
+
+    pdftk A=1.pdf B=2.pdf cat A B output 12.pdf
+
+or using wildcards:
+
+    pdftk *.pdf cat output combined.pdf
+
+Slice PDF: get pages 1 to 7 only:
+
+    pdftk A="$f.pdf" cat A1-7 output "$f.pdf"
+
+Select pages from multiple PDFs into a new document:
+
+    pdftk A=one.pdf B=two.pdf cat A1-7 B1-5 A8 output combined.pdf
+
+Split pdf into single pages
+
+    pdftk mydoc.pdf burst
+
+Get pdf metadata like number of pages:
+
+    pdftk mydoc.pdf dump_data | less
+
+Rotate the first page of a PDF to 90 degrees clockwise:
+
+    pdftk in.pdf cat 1E 2-end output out.pdf
+
+Rotate an entire PDF document’s pages to 180 degrees:
+
+    pdftk in.pdf cat 1-endS output out.pdf
+
+Encrypt a PDF using 128-bit strength (the default) and withhold all permissions (the default):
+
+    pdftk mydoc.pdf output mydoc.128.pdf owner_pw foopass
+
+Same as Above, Except a Password is Required to Open the PDF:
+
+    pdftk mydoc.pdf output mydoc.128.pdf owner_pw foo user_pw baz
+
+Same as Above, Except Printing is Allowed (after the PDF is Open):
+
+    pdftk mydoc.pdf output mydoc.128.pdf owner_pw foo user_pw baz allow printing
+
+Decrypt a PDF:
+
+    pdftk secured.pdf input_pw foopass output unsecured.pdf
+
+Join Two Files, One of Which is Encrypted (the Output is Not Encrypted):
+
+    pdftk A=secured.pdf mydoc.pdf input_pw A=foopass cat output combined.pdf
+
+Uncompress PDF Page Streams for Editing the PDF Code in a Text Editor:
+
+    pdftk mydoc.pdf output mydoc.clear.pdf uncompress
+
+Repair a PDF’s Corrupted XREF Table and Stream Lengths (If Possible):
+
+    pdftk broken.pdf output fixed.pdf
+

camera.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Camera
+
+Take picture from terminal: <http://askubuntu.com/questions/106770/take-a-picture-from-terminal>
+
+Make video from terminal: <http://askubuntu.com/questions/487496/terminal-command-to-record-video>
+
+Make video: <http://askubuntu.com/questions/186003/anything-better-than-cheese-for-video-capture>

ffmpeg.md

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# ffmpeg
+
+CLI front-end for the FFmpeg library. Can do tons of conversions and streaming.
+
+Tested on Ubuntu 15.10.
+
+List codecs: <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3377300/what-are-all-codecs-supported-by-ffmpeg>
+
+    ffmpeg -codecs
+
+## Extract raw streams
+
+### H264
+
+- <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10380045/is-there-any-easy-way-to-extract-h-264-raw-stream-in-annexb-format>
+- <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19300350/extracting-h264-raw-video-stream-from-mp4-or-flv-with-ffmpeg-generate-an-invalid>
+
+Works:
+
+    ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -vcodec copy -bsf h264_mp4toannexb -an -f h264 out.h264
+
+VLC cannot open that output file, but `ffplay` can. TODO: is the `-bsf` really needed?
+
+    ffmpeg -i in.mts -vcodec copy -an -f h264 out.h264
+
+### AAC
+
+<http://superuser.com/questions/186465/extract-audio-aac-from-mp4>
+
+    ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -c copy -map 0:a:0 out.aac
+
+## Webcam
+
+<https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Capture/Webcam>
+
+First install `v4l2`, then:
+
+    ffmpeg -f v4l2 -framerate 25 -video_size 640x480 -i /dev/video0 -f v8 output.mkv
+
+## ffplay
+
+Minimalistic video preview tool.
+
+    ffplay video.mp4
+
+No controls, no nothing, just a window with the video.
+
+Loop infinitely:
+
+    ffplay -loop -1 video.mp4
+
+## Stream
+
+<https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/StreamingGuide>
+
+## ffserver
+
+<https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/ffserver>
+
+TODO: what is the IO format: RTMP of HTTP? How is video sent over HTTP?
+
+Note: this project seems very unmaintained, and there are better ones out there.
+
+Server configuration file:
+
+    /etc/ffserver.conf
+
+Use a custom one and show server debug:
+
+    ffserver -d -f ~/ffserver.conf
+
+Start server:
+
+    ffserver
+
+Send video to it. Must edit the `VideoFrameRate` to something larger than 3... <https://lists.ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-user/2016-January/030111.html>:
+
+    ffmpeg -f v4l2 -s 320x240 -r 25 -i /dev/video0 -f alsa -ac 2 -i hw:1 http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm
+
+Watch it. Must edit ACL inside `feed` <http://stackoverflow.com/a/13977181/895245> or else access denied:
+
+    ffplay http://localhost:8090/test1.mpg
+
+TODO: video has a huge delay from starting up to playing, see: <https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/StreamingGuide#Latency>
+
+A few URLs that can be accessed from the browser:
+
+- <http://localhost:8090/stat.html>: show server status
+- <http://localhost:8090/>: redirect to what is fixed at `<Redirect index.html>` of the config file
+- <http://localhost:8090/test1.mpg>: TODO what happens? Firefox sees a video file type, and redirects to a video app, then when I kill the server the video player plays all that has happened as if from a file.
+
+## udp protocol
+
+An FFmpeg invention it seems: <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27930879/what-is-ffmpegs-udp-protocol>