we first copy the data file to /tmp using below mkdir, cd, cp commands.
mkdir /tmp/ayu
cd /tmp/ayu
cp ~/data.txt .
using xxd -r data.txt data to reverse the hexdump.
we use file data to see that this file is a gzip compressed file.
we need to rename and decompress it.
mv data data.gz && gzip -d data.gz, mv to rename and gzip -d to decompress.
we use file data to see that it is a bzip2 archive.
using bzip2 -d data to decompress this.
file data.out to see that it is again a gz archive.
mv data.out data.gz && gzip -d data.gz, same command as above but with different file name.
ls to see that it contains a file data
file data
output - data: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
these files have extension .tar and can be decompressed using tar -xvf filename, repeating these steps until we reach a file with ascii text.
cat the output, save the psswd and exit.