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🚨 Security Alert Triage Report - 2025-10-25 #41

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🚨 Security Alert Triage Report - 2025-10-25#41
@austenstone

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@austenstone
austenstone
opened on Oct 25, 2025

🚨 Security Alert Triage Report

Triage Date: 2025-10-25 17:10 UTC
Repository: austenstone/angular-codespace
Triaged By: GitHub Security Triage Agent
Total Alerts Analyzed: 27

📊 Executive Summary

This Angular development repository has 27 open security alerts requiring attention: 24 Dependabot alerts for vulnerable npm dependencies and 3 Code Scanning alerts for missing workflow permissions. Most critically, there are 3 HIGH severity vulnerabilities in development dependencies that could expose source code or cause denial of service. All vulnerabilities affect development dependencies only - no production code is directly at risk. However, developers using this repository are exposed to potential attacks during development.

🔑 Secret Scanning Alerts

No secret scanning alerts found.

🤖 Dependabot Alerts

Alert #79: tmp - Arbitrary File Write via Symbolic Link

  • Priority: 🟢 LOW
  • Severity: Low (CVSS 2.5)
  • Disposition: ℹ️ Informational
  • Package: [email protected]
  • Vulnerable Version Range: <= 0.2.3
  • Patched Version: 0.2.4
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Low complexity attack requiring local access and specific symbolic link conditions. This is a development dependency used for testing. Exploitation requires the attacker to control the directory parameter AND have local filesystem access to create symlinks. Very low real-world risk for this use case.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] during next dependency maintenance cycle. Not urgent.
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/79

Alert #78: on-headers - HTTP Response Header Manipulation

  • Priority: 🟢 LOW
  • Severity: Low (CVSS 3.4)
  • Disposition: ℹ️ Informational
  • Package: [email protected]
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 1.1.0
  • Patched Version: 1.1.0
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Affects HTTP response headers when arrays are passed to writeHead(). This is a development dependency used in dev servers. Limited scope, requires specific usage pattern, and only affects development environment.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] during next dependency maintenance cycle.
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/78

Alert #74: webpack-dev-server - Source Code Exposure via Prototype Pollution

  • Priority: 🟠 HIGH
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 5.3)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: webpack-dev-server@<= 5.2.0
  • Vulnerable Version Range: <= 5.2.0
  • Patched Version: 5.2.1
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Attackers can steal source code by exploiting webpack runtime variables through prototype pollution when developers access malicious websites while running dev server. Requires predictable port and output path. Chromium browsers >=94 are protected, but other browsers vulnerable. Real risk to developers.
  • Recommended Action: Upgrade to [email protected] immediately
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/74

Alert #73: webpack-dev-server - Source Code Exposure via WebSocket Hijacking (Non-Chromium)

  • Priority: 🟠 HIGH
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 6.5)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: webpack-dev-server@<= 5.2.0
  • Vulnerable Version Range: <= 5.2.0
  • Patched Version: 5.2.1
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Cross-site WebSocket hijacking allows source code exfiltration when developers using non-Chromium browsers (Firefox, Safari) visit malicious websites. The vulnerability bypasses Origin validation for IP addresses. Real threat to developers using Firefox/Safari.
  • Recommended Action: Upgrade to [email protected] immediately
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/73

Alert #71: http-proxy-middleware - Availability Issue

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 4.0)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: http-proxy-middleware (>= 1.3.0, < 2.0.8)
  • Vulnerable Version Range: >= 1.3.0, < 2.0.8
  • Patched Version: 2.0.8
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Control flow issue that can cause writeBody to be called twice. Limited impact (DoS potential), affects only development environment. Low severity impact.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/71

Alert #66: serialize-javascript - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 5.4)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: serialize-javascript (>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.2)
  • Vulnerable Version Range: >= 6.0.0, < 6.0.2
  • Patched Version: 6.0.2
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Improper sanitization of regex and other object types can lead to XSS when deserialized by browsers. Development dependency used in webpack builds. Risk exists if serialized data is sent to clients, which is common in dev scenarios.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/66

Alert #65: esbuild - Open Redirect / CORS Bypass

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 5.3)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: esbuild@<= 0.24.2
  • Vulnerable Version Range: <= 0.24.2
  • Patched Version: 0.25.0
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Development server sets Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * allowing any website to read development files. Malicious sites can fetch source code and bundles. Real risk during development.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/65

Alert #59: cookie - Cookie Injection

  • Priority: 🟢 LOW
  • Severity: Low (CVSS 0)
  • Disposition: ℹ️ Informational
  • Package: cookie@< 0.7.0
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 0.7.0
  • Patched Version: 0.7.0
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Cookie name/path/domain validation issue allowing field injection. Development dependency with minimal impact. Requires untrusted input to cookie serialization which should not occur in dev environment.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] during routine maintenance
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/59

Alert #58: express - XSS via response.redirect()

  • Priority: 🟢 LOW
  • Severity: Low (CVSS 5.0)
  • Disposition: ℹ️ Informational
  • Package: express@< 4.20.0
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 4.20.0
  • Patched Version: 4.20.0
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: XSS possible through unsanitized redirect URLs. Complex exploitation requiring multiple conditions. Development dependency with low likelihood of exploitation in dev context.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] during routine maintenance
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/58

Alert #57: body-parser - Denial of Service

  • Priority: 🟠 HIGH
  • Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: body-parser@< 1.20.3
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 1.20.3
  • Patched Version: 1.20.3
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: URL encoding DoS vulnerability allowing attackers to flood the server with requests. High CVSS score, but impact limited to development server. Still a real risk during development as it can crash the dev server.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] immediately
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/57

Alert #56: send - Template Injection Leading to XSS

  • Priority: 🟢 LOW
  • Severity: Low (CVSS 5.0)
  • Disposition: ℹ️ Informational
  • Package: send@< 0.19.0
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 0.19.0
  • Patched Version: 0.19.0
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Template injection through redirect() function. Complex exploitation requiring multiple conditions. Development dependency with low exploitation likelihood.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] during routine maintenance
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/56

Alert #55: serve-static - Template Injection Leading to XSS

  • Priority: 🟢 LOW
  • Severity: Low (CVSS 5.0)
  • Disposition: ℹ️ Informational
  • Package: serve-static@< 1.16.0
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 1.16.0
  • Patched Version: 1.16.0
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Template injection similar to send package. Complex exploitation, development dependency only. Low real-world risk.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] during routine maintenance
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/55

Alert #53: webpack - DOM Clobbering Leading to XSS

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 6.4)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: webpack (>= 5.0.0-alpha.0, < 5.94.0)
  • Vulnerable Version Range: >= 5.0.0-alpha.0, < 5.94.0
  • Patched Version: 5.94.0
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: DOM Clobbering vulnerability in AutoPublicPathRuntimeModule when output.publicPath is 'auto'. Allows XSS through scriptless HTML injection. Real-world exploitation found in Canvas LMS. Significant risk.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/53

Alert #46: socket.io - Unhandled Error Event

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 7.3)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: socket.io (>= 3.0.0, < 4.6.2)
  • Vulnerable Version Range: >= 3.0.0, < 4.6.2
  • Patched Version: 4.6.2
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Specially crafted Socket.IO packet can trigger uncaught exception killing Node.js process. Development dependency, but real DoS risk during development if socket.io server is running.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/46

Alert #45: braces - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

  • Priority: 🟠 HIGH
  • Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: braces@< 3.0.3
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 3.0.3
  • Patched Version: 3.0.3
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Memory exhaustion through malicious input (imbalanced braces). Can cause heap memory allocation loop crashing Node.js. Development dependency but real DoS risk if parsing untrusted input.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] immediately
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/45

Alert #44: ws - Denial of Service via Excessive Headers

  • Priority: 🟠 HIGH
  • Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: ws (>= 8.0.0, < 8.17.1)
  • Vulnerable Version Range: >= 8.0.0, < 8.17.1
  • Patched Version: 8.17.1
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Request with excessive HTTP headers can crash WebSocket server. Development dependency but real DoS risk if WebSocket server is exposed during development.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] immediately
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/44

Alert #43: ip - SSRF via Improper IP Categorization

  • Priority: 🟠 HIGH
  • Severity: High (CVSS 8.1)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: ip@<= 2.0.1
  • Vulnerable Version Range: <= 2.0.1
  • Patched Version: None available
  • Risk Assessment: isPublic() incorrectly categorizes private IPs (127.1, 000:0:0000::01, etc.) as public, enabling SSRF bypasses. NO PATCH AVAILABLE. Development dependency but high severity if used for security decisions.
  • Recommended Action: Remove or replace ip package with alternative that correctly validates IPs. Monitor for patches.
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/43

Alert #41: express - Open Redirect

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 6.1)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: express@< 4.19.2
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 4.19.2
  • Patched Version: 4.19.2
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Malformed URLs can bypass redirect allow lists through improper URL encoding. Development dependency with medium risk during development.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/41

Alert #40: webpack-dev-middleware - Path Traversal

  • Priority: 🟠 HIGH
  • Severity: High (CVSS 7.4)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: webpack-dev-middleware@<= 5.3.3
  • Vulnerable Version Range: <= 5.3.3
  • Patched Version: 5.3.4
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Path traversal allows accessing any file on developer's machine via unsanitized URL paths using %2e and %2f sequences. Serious vulnerability exposing source code, credentials, and private files. Real risk to developers.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] immediately
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/40

Alert #39: webpack-dev-middleware - Path Traversal (duplicate)

Alert #38: follow-redirects - Proxy-Authorization Header Leak

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 6.5)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: follow-redirects@<= 1.15.5
  • Vulnerable Version Range: <= 1.15.5
  • Patched Version: 1.15.6
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Proxy-Authorization header retained during cross-domain redirects, potentially leaking credentials. Development dependency used by axios. Real credential leak risk.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/38

Alert #37: ip - Private IP Misidentification (older CVE)

Alert #35: follow-redirects - Improper Input Validation

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 6.1)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: follow-redirects@< 1.15.4
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 1.15.4
  • Patched Version: 1.15.4
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Improper URL handling in url.parse() can lead to hostname misinterpretation enabling open redirects. Development dependency but real risk.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/35

Alert #34: @babel/traverse - Arbitrary Code Execution

  • Priority: 🔴 CRITICAL
  • Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.4)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: @babel/traverse@< 7.23.2
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 7.23.2
  • Patched Version: 7.23.2
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: CRITICAL - Specially crafted code can trigger arbitrary code execution during Babel compilation when using plugins that rely on path.evaluate(). This repository uses @babel/preset-env which is affected. While limited to compilation of untrusted code, this is the highest severity issue. Users compiling only trusted code are not impacted.
  • Recommended Action: Update to @babel/[email protected] IMMEDIATELY. Only compile trusted code.
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/34

Alert #33: postcss - Line Return Parsing Error

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 5.3)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: postcss@< 8.4.31
  • Vulnerable Version Range: < 8.4.31
  • Patched Version: 8.4.31
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Improper handling of \r characters can cause malicious CSS comments to be included in output. Affects linters parsing untrusted CSS. Development dependency with medium risk if parsing external CSS.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/33

Alert #26: socket.io-parser - Insufficient Input Validation

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (CVSS 7.3)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: socket.io-parser (>= 4.0.4, < 4.2.3)
  • Vulnerable Version Range: >= 4.0.4, < 4.2.3
  • Patched Version: 4.2.3
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: Specially crafted Socket.IO packet triggers uncaught exception crashing Node.js. Development dependency but real DoS risk if socket.io is used.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected]
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/26

Alert #9: loader-utils - Prototype Pollution

  • Priority: 🔴 CRITICAL
  • Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Package: loader-utils (>= 2.0.0, < 2.0.3)
  • Vulnerable Version Range: >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.3
  • Patched Version: 2.0.3
  • Dependency Type: Development
  • Risk Assessment: CRITICAL - Prototype pollution in parseQuery() function can lead to arbitrary code execution. Used by webpack loaders. High CVSS score and real exploitation potential.
  • Recommended Action: Update to [email protected] IMMEDIATELY
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/dependabot/9

🔍 Code Scanning Alerts

Alert #23: Missing Workflow Permissions (copilot-security-triage.yml)

  • Priority: 🟡 MEDIUM
  • Severity: Medium (Warning)
  • Disposition: ✅ True Positive
  • Rule: actions/missing-workflow-permissions (CWE-275)
  • Location: .github/workflows/copilot-security-triage.yml, lines 6-286
  • Branch: main
  • Risk Assessment: Workflow does not explicitly set GITHUB_TOKEN permissions, defaulting to repository permissions which may be overly permissive (read-write). Violates principle of least privilege. Should explicitly set minimum required permissions.
  • Recommended Action: Add explicit permissions: block to workflow, minimum: {contents: read, issues: write} for security triage workflow
  • Alert URL: https://github.com/austenstone/angular-codespace/security/code-scanning/23

Alert #21: Missing Workflow Permissions (dependabot-copilot.yml)

Alert #7: Missing Workflow Permissions (angular.test.yml)

📋 Summary Statistics

By Alert Type:

  • Secret Scanning: 0
  • Dependabot: 24 (Critical: 2, High: 7, Medium: 11, Low: 4)
  • Code Scanning: 3 (Medium: 3)

By Priority:

  • Critical (🔴): 2
  • High (🟠): 7
  • Medium (🟡): 14
  • Low (🟢): 4

By Disposition:

  • True Positives (✅): 23
  • False Positives (❌): 0
  • Informational (ℹ️): 4

🎯 Immediate Action Items

  1. CRITICAL: Update @babel/traverse to 7.23.2 - Arbitrary code execution vulnerability (Alert Bump @angular-eslint/eslint-plugin-template from 15.2.1 to 20.4.0 #34). Only compile trusted code.
  2. CRITICAL: Update loader-utils to 2.0.3 - Prototype pollution leading to RCE (Alert Bump loader-utils from 2.0.2 to 2.0.4 #9)
  3. HIGH: Update webpack-dev-middleware to 5.3.4/6.1.2 - Path traversal exposing developer files (Alerts 🚨 Security Alert Triage Report - 2025-10-25 #40, 🚨 Security Alert Triage Report - 2025-10-25 #39)
  4. HIGH: Update webpack-dev-server to 5.2.1 - Source code exposure vulnerabilities (Alerts #74, #73)
  5. HIGH: Update body-parser to 1.20.3 - DoS vulnerability (Alert #57)
  6. HIGH: Update braces to 3.0.3 - Memory exhaustion DoS (Alert Bump @angular/platform-browser-dynamic from 15.2.8 to 20.3.9 #45)
  7. HIGH: Update ws to 8.17.1 - DoS via excessive headers (Alert Bump @angular-eslint/builder from 15.2.1 to 20.5.0 #44)
  8. HIGH: Replace or monitor ip package - SSRF vulnerability with NO PATCH AVAILABLE (Alert Bump @angular-eslint/eslint-plugin-template from 15.2.1 to 20.5.0 #43)
  9. MEDIUM: Add explicit permissions to GitHub Actions workflows - Fix CWE-275 violations (Alerts Bump azure/webapps-deploy from 2 to 3 #23, Add dependabot-copilot.yml workflow file #21, Bump loader-utils from 2.0.2 to 2.0.3 #7)
  10. Run npm audit fix to automatically update remaining medium/low severity dependencies

Additional Context

Development vs Production Risk: All Dependabot alerts affect development dependencies only. No production code dependencies are vulnerable. However, developers using this repository are at real risk during development from source code exfiltration, credential leaks, and DoS attacks.

Systemic Patterns Observed:

  1. Multiple webpack ecosystem vulnerabilities - Consider updating entire webpack toolchain to latest versions
  2. Multiple development server vulnerabilities - Development servers should never be exposed to public networks or untrusted traffic
  3. Missing workflow permissions - Implement a policy requiring explicit permissions in all GitHub Actions workflows
  4. Old dependencies - Many alerts are from 2022-2024, indicating dependencies haven't been updated regularly

Recommendations for Systemic Improvements:

  1. Implement automated dependency updates (Dependabot auto-merge for dev dependencies)
  2. Add explicit permissions: blocks to all GitHub Actions workflows
  3. Never expose development servers (webpack-dev-server, etc.) to public networks
  4. Run npm audit regularly in CI/CD pipeline
  5. Consider using npm audit --production to separate production vs development risk
  6. Only compile trusted code when using Babel/webpack
  7. Replace the ip package with a maintained alternative that correctly validates IP addresses

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