python_server.cpp

// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

#include "udf/python/python_server.h"

#include <arrow/type_fwd.h>
#include <butil/fd_utility.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <fmt/core.h>
#include <sys/poll.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/process.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <future>

#include "arrow/flight/client.h"
#include "common/config.h"
#include "common/status.h"
#include "udf/python/python_udaf_client.h"
#include "udf/python/python_udf_client.h"
#include "udf/python/python_udtf_client.h"
#include "util/cpu_info.h"

namespace doris {

std::shared_ptr<PythonServerManager::VersionedProcessPool>
PythonServerManager::_get_or_create_process_pool(const PythonVersion& version) {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_pools_mutex);
    auto& pool = _process_pools[version];
    if (!pool) {
        pool = std::make_shared<VersionedProcessPool>();
    }
    return pool;
}

std::vector<std::pair<PythonVersion, std::shared_ptr<PythonServerManager::VersionedProcessPool>>>
PythonServerManager::_snapshot_process_pools() {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_pools_mutex);
    std::vector<std::pair<PythonVersion, std::shared_ptr<VersionedProcessPool>>> snapshot;
    snapshot.reserve(_process_pools.size());
    for (const auto& [version, pool] : _process_pools) {
        snapshot.emplace_back(version, pool);
    }
    return snapshot;
}

#ifdef BE_TEST
void PythonServerManager::set_process_pool_for_test(const PythonVersion& version,
                                                    std::vector<ProcessPtr> processes,
                                                    bool initialized) {
    auto versioned_pool = _get_or_create_process_pool(version);
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(versioned_pool->mutex);
    versioned_pool->processes = std::move(processes);
    versioned_pool->initialized = initialized;
}

std::vector<ProcessPtr>& PythonServerManager::process_pool_for_test(const PythonVersion& version) {
    auto versioned_pool = _get_or_create_process_pool(version);
    return versioned_pool->processes;
}
#endif

template <typename ClientType>
Status PythonServerManager::get_client(const PythonUDFMeta& func_meta, const PythonVersion& version,
                                       std::shared_ptr<ClientType>* client,
                                       const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Schema>& data_schema) {
    std::shared_ptr<VersionedProcessPool> versioned_pool =
            DORIS_TRY(_ensure_pool_initialized(version));

    ProcessPtr process;
    RETURN_IF_ERROR(_get_process(version, versioned_pool, &process));

    if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ClientType, PythonUDAFClient>) {
        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ClientType::create(func_meta, std::move(process), data_schema, client));
    } else {
        RETURN_IF_ERROR(ClientType::create(func_meta, std::move(process), client));
    }

    return Status::OK();
}

Result<std::shared_ptr<PythonServerManager::VersionedProcessPool>>
PythonServerManager::_ensure_pool_initialized(const PythonVersion& version) {
    auto versioned_pool = _get_or_create_process_pool(version);
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(versioned_pool->mutex);

    // Check if already initialized
    if (versioned_pool->initialized) return versioned_pool;

    // 0 means use CPU core count as default, otherwise use the specified value
    int max_pool_size = config::max_python_process_num > 0 ? config::max_python_process_num
                                                           : CpuInfo::num_cores();

    LOG(INFO) << "Initializing Python process pool for version " << version.to_string() << " with "
              << max_pool_size
              << " processes (config::max_python_process_num=" << config::max_python_process_num
              << ", CPU cores=" << CpuInfo::num_cores() << ")";

    std::vector<std::future<Status>> futures;
    std::vector<ProcessPtr> temp_processes(max_pool_size);

    for (int i = 0; i < max_pool_size; i++) {
        futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [this, &version, i, &temp_processes]() {
            ProcessPtr process;
            Status s = fork(version, &process);
            if (s.ok()) {
                temp_processes[i] = std::move(process);
            }
            return s;
        }));
    }

    int success_count = 0;
    int failure_count = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_pool_size; i++) {
        Status s = futures[i].get();
        if (s.ok() && temp_processes[i]) {
            versioned_pool->processes.emplace_back(std::move(temp_processes[i]));
            success_count++;
        } else {
            failure_count++;
            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to create Python process " << (i + 1) << "/" << max_pool_size
                         << ": " << s.to_string();
        }
    }

    if (versioned_pool->processes.empty()) {
        return ResultError(Status::Error<ErrorCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE>(
                "Failed to initialize Python process pool: all {} process creation attempts failed",
                max_pool_size));
    }

    LOG(INFO) << "Python process pool initialized for version " << version.to_string()
              << ": created " << success_count << " processes"
              << (failure_count > 0 ? fmt::format(" ({} failed)", failure_count) : "");

    versioned_pool->initialized = true;
    _start_health_check_thread();

    return versioned_pool;
}

Status PythonServerManager::_get_process(
        const PythonVersion& version, const std::shared_ptr<VersionedProcessPool>& versioned_pool,
        ProcessPtr* process) {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(versioned_pool->mutex);
    std::vector<ProcessPtr>& pool = versioned_pool->processes;

    if (UNLIKELY(pool.empty())) {
        return Status::InternalError("Python process pool is empty for version {}",
                                     version.to_string());
    }

    // Prefer an already-alive process and only use load balancing inside that alive subset.
    // keep dead entries stay in the pool for the background health checker
    // unless there is no alive process left for the current request.
    auto min_alive_iter = std::min_element(pool.begin(), pool.end(),
                                           [](const ProcessPtr& a, const ProcessPtr& b) {
                                               const bool a_alive = a && a->is_alive();
                                               const bool b_alive = b && b->is_alive();
                                               if (a_alive != b_alive) {
                                                   return a_alive > b_alive;
                                               }
                                               return a.use_count() < b.use_count();
                                           });

    if (min_alive_iter != pool.end() && *min_alive_iter && (*min_alive_iter)->is_alive()) {
        *process = *min_alive_iter;
        return Status::OK();
    }

    // Only reach here when the pool has no alive process at all. Try one foreground
    // recovery so the caller has a chance to proceed; leave batch repair to health check.
    auto& candidate = pool.front();
    ProcessPtr replacement;
    Status status = fork(version, &replacement);
    if (!status.ok()) {
        return Status::Error<ErrorCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE>(
                "Python process pool has no available process for version {}, reason: {}",
                version.to_string(), status.to_string());
    }

    candidate = std::move(replacement);
    *process = candidate;
    return Status::OK();
}

Status PythonServerManager::fork(const PythonVersion& version, ProcessPtr* process) {
    std::string python_executable_path = version.get_executable_path();
    std::string fight_server_path = get_fight_server_path();
    std::string base_unix_socket_path = get_base_unix_socket_path();
    std::vector<std::string> args = {"-u", fight_server_path, base_unix_socket_path};
    boost::process::environment env = boost::this_process::environment();
    boost::process::ipstream child_output;

    try {
        boost::process::child c(
                python_executable_path, args, boost::process::std_out > child_output,
                boost::process::env = env,
                boost::process::on_exit([](int exit_code, const std::error_code& ec) {
                    if (ec) {
                        LOG(WARNING) << "Python UDF server exited with error: " << ec.message();
                    }
                }));

        // Wait for socket file to be created (indicates server is ready)
        std::string expected_socket_path = get_unix_socket_file_path(c.id());
        bool started_successfully = false;
        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
        const auto timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(5000);

        while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start < timeout) {
            struct stat buffer;
            if (stat(expected_socket_path.c_str(), &buffer) == 0) {
                started_successfully = true;
                break;
            }

            if (!c.running()) {
                break;
            }
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
        }

        if (!started_successfully) {
            if (c.running()) {
                c.terminate();
                c.wait();
            }
            return Status::InternalError("Python server start failed: socket file not found at {}",
                                         expected_socket_path);
        }

        *process = std::make_shared<PythonUDFProcess>(std::move(c), std::move(child_output));

    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        return Status::InternalError("Failed to start Python UDF server: {}", e.what());
    }

    return Status::OK();
}

void PythonServerManager::_start_health_check_thread() {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_health_check_mutex);
    if (_health_check_thread) return;

    LOG(INFO) << "Starting Python process health check thread (interval: 30 seconds)";

    _health_check_thread = std::make_unique<std::thread>([this]() {
        // Health check loop
        while (!_shutdown_flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
            // Wait for interval or shutdown signal
            {
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(_health_check_mutex);
                _health_check_cv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(30), [this]() {
                    return _shutdown_flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
                });
            }

            if (_shutdown_flag.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) break;

            _check_and_recreate_processes();
            _refresh_memory_stats();
        }

        LOG(INFO) << "Python process health check thread exiting";
    });
}

void PythonServerManager::_check_and_recreate_processes() {
    int total_checked = 0;
    int total_dead = 0;
    int total_recreated = 0;

    for (auto& [version, versioned_pool] : _snapshot_process_pools()) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(versioned_pool->mutex);
        auto& pool = versioned_pool->processes;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < pool.size(); ++i) {
            auto& process = pool[i];
            if (!process) continue;

            total_checked++;
            if (!process->is_alive()) {
                total_dead++;
                LOG(WARNING) << "Detected dead Python process (pid=" << process->get_child_pid()
                             << ", version=" << version.to_string() << "), recreating...";

                ProcessPtr new_process;
                Status s = fork(version, &new_process);
                if (s.ok()) {
                    pool[i] = std::move(new_process);
                    total_recreated++;
                    LOG(INFO) << "Successfully recreated Python process for version "
                              << version.to_string();
                } else {
                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to recreate Python process for version "
                               << version.to_string() << ": " << s.to_string();
                    pool.erase(pool.begin() + i);
                    --i;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (total_dead > 0) {
        LOG(INFO) << "Health check completed: checked=" << total_checked << ", dead=" << total_dead
                  << ", recreated=" << total_recreated;
    }
}

void PythonServerManager::shutdown() {
    // Signal health check thread to stop
    _shutdown_flag.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
    _health_check_cv.notify_one();

    if (_health_check_thread && _health_check_thread->joinable()) {
        _health_check_thread->join();
        _health_check_thread.reset();
    }

    // Shutdown all processes
    for (auto& [version, versioned_pool] : _snapshot_process_pools()) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(versioned_pool->mutex);
        auto& pool = versioned_pool->processes;
        for (auto& process : pool) {
            if (process) {
                process->shutdown();
            }
        }
        pool.clear();
        versioned_pool->initialized = false;
    }

    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(_pools_mutex);
        _process_pools.clear();
    }
}

Status PythonServerManager::_read_process_memory(pid_t pid, size_t* rss_bytes) {
    // Read from /proc/{pid}/statm
    // Format: size resident shared text lib data dt
    std::string statm_path = fmt::format("/proc/{}/statm", pid);
    std::ifstream statm_file(statm_path);

    if (!statm_file.is_open()) {
        return Status::InternalError("Cannot open {}", statm_path);
    }

    size_t size_pages = 0, rss_pages = 0;
    // we only care about RSS, read and ignore the total size field
    statm_file >> size_pages >> rss_pages;

    if (statm_file.fail()) {
        return Status::InternalError("Failed to read {}", statm_path);
    }

    // Convert pages to bytes
    long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
    *rss_bytes = rss_pages * page_size;

    return Status::OK();
}

void PythonServerManager::_refresh_memory_stats() {
    int64_t total_rss = 0;

    for (const auto& [version, versioned_pool] : _snapshot_process_pools()) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(versioned_pool->mutex);
        const auto& pool = versioned_pool->processes;
        for (const auto& process : pool) {
            if (!process || !process->is_alive()) continue;

            size_t rss_bytes = 0;
            Status s = _read_process_memory(process->get_child_pid(), &rss_bytes);

            if (s.ok()) {
                total_rss += rss_bytes;
            } else [[unlikely]] {
                LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to read memory info for Python process (pid="
                             << process->get_child_pid() << "): " << s.to_string();
            }
        }
    }
    _mem_tracker.set_consumption(total_rss);
    LOG(INFO) << _mem_tracker.log_usage();

    if (config::python_udf_processes_memory_limit_bytes > 0 &&
        total_rss > config::python_udf_processes_memory_limit_bytes) {
        LOG(WARNING) << "Python UDF process memory usage exceeds limit: rss_bytes=" << total_rss
                     << ", limit_bytes=" << config::python_udf_processes_memory_limit_bytes;
    }
}

Status PythonServerManager::clear_module_cache(const std::string& location) {
    if (location.empty()) {
        return Status::InvalidArgument("Empty location for clear_module_cache");
    }

    std::string body = fmt::format(R"({{"location": "{}"}})", location);
    return _broadcast_action_to_processes("clear_module_cache", body,
                                          fmt::format("location={}", location));
}

void PythonServerManager::clear_udaf_state_cache(int64_t function_id) {
    std::string body = fmt::format(R"({{"function_id": {}}})", function_id);
    WARN_IF_ERROR(_broadcast_action_to_processes("clear_udaf_state_cache", body,
                                                 fmt::format("function_id={}", function_id)),
                  "failed to clear Python UDAF state cache");
}

Status PythonServerManager::_broadcast_action_to_processes(const std::string& action_type,
                                                           const std::string& body,
                                                           const std::string& log_name) {
    int success_count = 0;
    int fail_count = 0;
    bool has_active_process = false;

    for (auto& [version, versioned_pool] : _snapshot_process_pools()) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(versioned_pool->mutex);
        auto& pool = versioned_pool->processes;
        for (auto& process : pool) {
            if (!process || !process->is_alive()) {
                continue;
            }
            has_active_process = true;
            try {
                auto loc_result = arrow::flight::Location::Parse(process->get_uri());
                if (!loc_result.ok()) [[unlikely]] {
                    fail_count++;
                    continue;
                }

                auto client_result = arrow::flight::FlightClient::Connect(*loc_result);
                if (!client_result.ok()) [[unlikely]] {
                    fail_count++;
                    continue;
                }
                auto client = std::move(*client_result);

                arrow::flight::Action action;
                action.type = action_type;
                action.body = arrow::Buffer::FromString(body);

                auto result_stream = client->DoAction(action);
                if (!result_stream.ok()) {
                    fail_count++;
                    continue;
                }

                auto result = (*result_stream)->Next();
                if (result.ok() && *result) {
                    success_count++;
                } else {
                    fail_count++;
                }

            } catch (...) {
                fail_count++;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!has_active_process) {
        return Status::OK();
    }

    LOG(INFO) << action_type << " completed for " << log_name << ", success=" << success_count
              << ", failed=" << fail_count;

    if (fail_count > 0) {
        return Status::InternalError("{} failed for {}, success={}, failed={}", action_type,
                                     log_name, success_count, fail_count);
    }

    return Status::OK();
}

// Explicit template instantiation for UDF, UDAF and UDTF clients
template Status PythonServerManager::get_client<PythonUDFClient>(
        const PythonUDFMeta& func_meta, const PythonVersion& version,
        std::shared_ptr<PythonUDFClient>* client,
        const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Schema>& data_schema);

template Status PythonServerManager::get_client<PythonUDAFClient>(
        const PythonUDFMeta& func_meta, const PythonVersion& version,
        std::shared_ptr<PythonUDAFClient>* client,
        const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Schema>& data_schema);

template Status PythonServerManager::get_client<PythonUDTFClient>(
        const PythonUDFMeta& func_meta, const PythonVersion& version,
        std::shared_ptr<PythonUDTFClient>* client,
        const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Schema>& data_schema);

} // namespace doris