[Python] Raise minimum supported cython to >=3 #45237
Description
Describe the enhancement requested
There has been some issues which fail with Cython2:
- [Python][CI] Build failure with Cython 2 #43707
- GH-45129: [Python][C++] Fix usage of deprecated C++ functionality on pyarrow #45189 (comment)
As discussed on those issues we don't necessarily have to support cython 2 anymore.
Component(s)
Python